ruffingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈrʌfɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈrəfɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff v.², -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < ruff v.² + -ing suffix¹.

Cards.

The action or an act ruffing (in various senses); the making of a ruff at cards. Also with out.Originally with reference to the obsolete game of ruff (historical in later use); now chiefly in Whist and Bridge.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > [noun] > actions or tactics > trumping or ruffing

ruffing1611

see-saw1746

ruff1813

trump1853

overruff1906

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Ronfamenti,..also ruffings at cardes.

1829 E. M. Arnaud Epitome Whist 63 In ruffing,—be guided by P.'s intention if he is a good player.

1871 Q. Rev. Jan. 26/1 [In ruff-and-honours] the player who happened to hold the ace of trumps had the privilege of taking the stock in exchange for four cards of his own, an operation called ruffing.

1885 R. A. Proctor How to play Whist 76 A trump lead may be purely defensive, made simply to prevent ruffing.

1927 M. C. Work Contract Bridge 141 Ruffing out, trumping the low cards of a suit before playing its high cards.

1932 Times 31 Oct. 15/8 Does he mean to establish cards by ruffing?

2002 D. Bird 25 Bridge Myths Exposed xxi. 166 Be wary of ruffing when this may give declarer access (by way of the trump suit) to a long side suit in dummy.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as ruffing element, ruffing game, ruffing trump, ruffing value, etc.

ΚΠ

1856 ‘Cælebs’ Laws & Pract. Whist (ed. 2) iv. 52 If thwarted, and the ruffing trump could not otherwise have been turned to account, you lose both tricks.

1871 Q. Rev. Jan. 48 The ruffing privilege was abolished [in Ruff-and-honours]; each player still had twelve cards, but..the four deuces were discarded from the pack before dealing.

1885 Literary News Sept. 281/2 Mr. Proctor objects very much to the American habit of playing a ruffing game.

1952 I. Macleod Bridge xii. 143 The introduction of the ruffing element, and the problems of trump management make the play in a suit contract far more difficult and intricate.

1983 T. Reese & D. Bird Bridge (1985) xii. 128 When the defenders have already established their tricks, declarer will usually opt for the ruffing finesse.

2006 J. Pottage Defend these Hands with Me xxxxviii. 162 Since he appears to be 3-3 in the minors and so lacks a ruffing value, I read him for a 3-4-3-3 shape.

C2.

ruffing trick n. Whist and Bridge a trick taken by ruffing with a trump which would otherwise have little or no value.

ΚΠ

1930 E. Culbertson Contract Bridge Blue Bk. iv. 60 The..characteristic of the Supporting Hand lies in the use of ruffing tricks.

1996 Buffalo News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 14 c He should try to develop dummy's long suit rather than try for ruffing tricks without a way to get back and forth.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ruffingn.²

Brit.

/ˈrʌfɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈrəfɪŋ/, Scottish English

/ˈrʌfɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff v.⁴, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < ruff v.⁴ + -ing suffix¹. Compare ruff n.⁸ 2.

Scottish.

The action of applauding, or expressing disapproval, by stamping, drumming, etc., with the feet. Sc. National Dict. (at ruff, v.¹) records this sense as still in use in Banffshire and Fife in 1968.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [noun] > by stamping

ruffing1821

1821 H. Duncan Young S. Country Weaver (ed. 2) iii. 69 ‘Ay, hear him! hear him! Say on, my hearty!’ now resounded from all quarters, whilst loud ruffing seconded the general call.

1830 Perthshire Advert. 7 Oct. Here the gentleman was interrupted by hissing, ruffing, and loud cries of ‘vote, vote, vote!’

1843 T. Carlyle in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: Life in London (1884) I. xi. 313 Ruffing of applausive barristers over table oratory heard at a distance.

1869 A. Macdonald Story Disputed Settlem. (1877) 87 Great ruffing in the gallery.

1888 Bon-accord 10 Dec. 14 Interruption and ruffing from students, and a look of anxious inquiry from the prof.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

ruffingn.³

Brit.

/ˈrʌfɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈrəfɪŋ/

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: roughing n., ruff v.⁵ 1

Etymology: Originally a variant of roughing n. (compare forms at rough v.²), subsequently distinguished in spelling in the sense below. Compare earlier rough v.² and slightly later ruff v.⁵ 1.

Hat-making. Now historical.

The process of working beaver felt or a similar material into a hat body. Also concrete: the felt used for this, or the layer resulting from the process.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > [noun] > hat-making > processes involved in

ruffing1830

basoning1837

bowing1842

blocking1845

planking1845

proof1901

pelt-shaking1902

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > felted or matted

beaver1756

ruffing1830

Janus-beaver1851

beaver cloth1858

1830 New Monthly Mag. 30 447/2 A deputation of the masters and workmen of the hat-makers engaged in that part of the business called ruffing.

1841 Penny Mag. Jan. Suppl. 45/2 The cap being softened by submersion in the hot liquor, the ‘ruffing’ is laid on it. and patted down with a wet brush.

1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 5th Ser. 165 This layer, which is called a ‘ruffing’, or ‘roughing’, is a little larger than the cap body.

1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Ruffing..hatting term. The process of putting the nap on beaver hats.

1988 Technol. & Culture 29 892 (caption) The hat-battery, or ‘kettle’, with men employed in wetting, rolling, pressing, ‘ruffing’, and blocking the hat bodies.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† ruffingadj.¹

Origin: Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff v.³, -ing suffix²; ruff n.², -ing suffix².

Etymology: Probably either < ruff v.³ + -ing suffix² (although the verb is first attested later), or < ruff n.² + -ing suffix².

Obsolete.

Blustering.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > strong

strongeOE

stiffc1290

sternc1374

wrothc1400

vehement1483

strainable1497

freshc1515

stout1533

bloysterous?1570

ruffing1577

boisterous?1594

lofty1600

chafing1762

blustery1774

smacking1820

snoring1822

spanking1849

gale force1902

1577 N. Breton Wks. Young Wyt f. 5^v Shall I then write some ruffing rime to sweare, and banne, and curse?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

ruffingadj.²

Brit.

/ˈrʌfɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈrəfɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff v.¹, -ing suffix².

Etymology: < ruff v.¹ + -ing suffix². Compare earlier ruffling adj.²

rare.

That rises in or forms a ruff or ruffs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having particular kind of > of particular kind

pinnedc1475

sprigged1613

ruffing1627

unwebbed1768

shafted1809

filoplumaceous1868

1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 11 Windowes, and Towers, with Ensines are inricht, With ruffing Banners, that doe braue the skie.

1865 R. D. Blackmore in Macmillan's Mag. 12 33/1 The blackcocks..swell their ruffing breasts, and crow for their rivals to spar with them.

1903 C. Smedley April Princess iii. 40 [The cubicle] was filled with a foamy pile of ruffing silk and lace and pale blue ribbons.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1611

n.²1821

n.³1830

adj.¹1577

adj.²1627

单词	ruffing
释义	ruffingn.¹ Brit. /ˈrʌfɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈrəfɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < ruff v.² + -ing suffix¹. Cards. The action or an act ruffing (in various senses); the making of a ruff at cards. Also with out.Originally with reference to the obsolete game of ruff (historical in later use); now chiefly in Whist and Bridge. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > [noun] > actions or tactics > trumping or ruffing ruffing1611 see-saw1746 ruff1813 trump1853 overruff1906 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Ronfamenti,..also ruffings at cardes. 1829 E. M. Arnaud Epitome Whist 63 In ruffing,—be guided by P.'s intention if he is a good player. 1871 Q. Rev. Jan. 26/1 [In ruff-and-honours] the player who happened to hold the ace of trumps had the privilege of taking the stock in exchange for four cards of his own, an operation called ruffing. 1885 R. A. Proctor How to play Whist 76 A trump lead may be purely defensive, made simply to prevent ruffing. 1927 M. C. Work Contract Bridge 141 Ruffing out, trumping the low cards of a suit before playing its high cards. 1932 Times 31 Oct. 15/8 Does he mean to establish cards by ruffing? 2002 D. Bird 25 Bridge Myths Exposed xxi. 166 Be wary of ruffing when this may give declarer access (by way of the trump suit) to a long side suit in dummy. Compounds C1. General attributive, as ruffing element, ruffing game, ruffing trump, ruffing value, etc. ΚΠ 1856 ‘Cælebs’ Laws & Pract. Whist (ed. 2) iv. 52 If thwarted, and the ruffing trump could not otherwise have been turned to account, you lose both tricks. 1871 Q. Rev. Jan. 48 The ruffing privilege was abolished [in Ruff-and-honours]; each player still had twelve cards, but..the four deuces were discarded from the pack before dealing. 1885 Literary News Sept. 281/2 Mr. Proctor objects very much to the American habit of playing a ruffing game. 1952 I. Macleod Bridge xii. 143 The introduction of the ruffing element, and the problems of trump management make the play in a suit contract far more difficult and intricate. 1983 T. Reese & D. Bird Bridge (1985) xii. 128 When the defenders have already established their tricks, declarer will usually opt for the ruffing finesse. 2006 J. Pottage Defend these Hands with Me xxxxviii. 162 Since he appears to be 3-3 in the minors and so lacks a ruffing value, I read him for a 3-4-3-3 shape. C2. ruffing trick n. Whist and Bridge a trick taken by ruffing with a trump which would otherwise have little or no value. ΚΠ 1930 E. Culbertson Contract Bridge Blue Bk. iv. 60 The..characteristic of the Supporting Hand lies in the use of ruffing tricks. 1996 Buffalo News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 14 c He should try to develop dummy's long suit rather than try for ruffing tricks without a way to get back and forth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ruffingn.² Brit. /ˈrʌfɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈrəfɪŋ/, Scottish English /ˈrʌfɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff v.⁴, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < ruff v.⁴ + -ing suffix¹. Compare ruff n.⁸ 2. Scottish. The action of applauding, or expressing disapproval, by stamping, drumming, etc., with the feet. Sc. National Dict. (at ruff, v.¹) records this sense as still in use in Banffshire and Fife in 1968. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [noun] > by stamping ruffing1821 1821 H. Duncan Young S. Country Weaver (ed. 2) iii. 69 ‘Ay, hear him! hear him! Say on, my hearty!’ now resounded from all quarters, whilst loud ruffing seconded the general call. 1830 Perthshire Advert. 7 Oct. Here the gentleman was interrupted by hissing, ruffing, and loud cries of ‘vote, vote, vote!’ 1843 T. Carlyle in J. A. Froude T. Carlyle: Life in London (1884) I. xi. 313 Ruffing of applausive barristers over table oratory heard at a distance. 1869 A. Macdonald Story Disputed Settlem. (1877) 87 Great ruffing in the gallery. 1888 Bon-accord 10 Dec. 14 Interruption and ruffing from students, and a look of anxious inquiry from the prof. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). ruffingn.³ Brit. /ˈrʌfɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈrəfɪŋ/ Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: roughing n., ruff v.⁵ 1 Etymology: Originally a variant of roughing n. (compare forms at rough v.²), subsequently distinguished in spelling in the sense below. Compare earlier rough v.² and slightly later ruff v.⁵ 1. Hat-making. Now historical. The process of working beaver felt or a similar material into a hat body. Also concrete: the felt used for this, or the layer resulting from the process. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > [noun] > hat-making > processes involved in ruffing1830 basoning1837 bowing1842 blocking1845 planking1845 proof1901 pelt-shaking1902 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > felted or matted beaver1756 ruffing1830 Janus-beaver1851 beaver cloth1858 1830 New Monthly Mag. 30 447/2 A deputation of the masters and workmen of the hat-makers engaged in that part of the business called ruffing. 1841 Penny Mag. Jan. Suppl. 45/2 The cap being softened by submersion in the hot liquor, the ‘ruffing’ is laid on it. and patted down with a wet brush. 1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 5th Ser. 165 This layer, which is called a ‘ruffing’, or ‘roughing’, is a little larger than the cap body. 1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Ruffing..hatting term. The process of putting the nap on beaver hats. 1988 Technol. & Culture 29 892 (caption) The hat-battery, or ‘kettle’, with men employed in wetting, rolling, pressing, ‘ruffing’, and blocking the hat bodies. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † ruffingadj.¹ Origin: Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff v.³, -ing suffix²; ruff n.², -ing suffix². Etymology: Probably either < ruff v.³ + -ing suffix² (although the verb is first attested later), or < ruff n.² + -ing suffix². Obsolete. Blustering. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > strong strongeOE stiffc1290 sternc1374 wrothc1400 vehement1483 strainable1497 freshc1515 stout1533 bloysterous?1570 ruffing1577 boisterous?1594 lofty1600 chafing1762 blustery1774 smacking1820 snoring1822 spanking1849 gale force1902 1577 N. Breton Wks. Young Wyt f. 5^v Shall I then write some ruffing rime to sweare, and banne, and curse? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2018). ruffingadj.² Brit. /ˈrʌfɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈrəfɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff v.¹, -ing suffix². Etymology: < ruff v.¹ + -ing suffix². Compare earlier ruffling adj.² rare. That rises in or forms a ruff or ruffs. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having particular kind of > of particular kind pinnedc1475 sprigged1613 ruffing1627 unwebbed1768 shafted1809 filoplumaceous1868 1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 11 Windowes, and Towers, with Ensines are inricht, With ruffing Banners, that doe braue the skie. 1865 R. D. Blackmore in Macmillan's Mag. 12 33/1 The blackcocks..swell their ruffing breasts, and crow for their rivals to spar with them. 1903 C. Smedley April Princess iii. 40 [The cubicle] was filled with a foamy pile of ruffing silk and lace and pale blue ribbons. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1611n.²1821n.³1830adj.¹1577adj.²1627
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ruffingn.1

Compounds

ruffingn.2

ruffingn.3

† ruffingadj.1

ruffingadj.2

ruffingn.¹

ruffingn.²

ruffingn.³

† ruffingadj.¹

ruffingadj.²