rovingn.¹

Brit.

/ˈrəʊvɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈroʊvɪŋ/

Forms: see rove v.² and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rove v.², -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < rove v.² + -ing suffix¹.

a. Archery. The action of shooting at an arbitrarily selected mark of unknown distance (rather than a fixed target), or at several such marks of varying distances, esp. as a form of practice in range-finding and long-distance shooting, or (in later use) as part of a competition or game.Recorded earliest in attributive use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > competitive shooting > archery > [noun] > types of

arbalestrya1423

roving1479

flight1557

flight-shooting1801

prick shooting1801

1479 in C. J. Longman et al. Archery (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) (1894) vii. 119 Shoyting shaftes, rowying shaftes, childre shaftes, clense arrows unnykt.

a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 457 Þe people of þis Citie yerely breken the hegges & dykes of þe seid Priour in diuerse places in þeir shotyng cald Rovyng.

a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 458 Although such rovyng about the Citie of London & all oþer grete Cities is suffred.

1560 J. Heywood Fourth Hundred Epygrams xxxiii. sig. B Of an archers rouyng.

1639 J. Shirley Maides Revenge i. sig. B3^v Cou[nt]. How now, are thy arrowes feathred? Val[asco]. Well enough for roving.

c1700 J. Fraser Chron. Frasers (1905) 150 Few or none could compeat or cop with him in arching, either at butts, bowmarks or roaving.

1750 R. Heath Nat. & Hist. Acct. Scilly 433 Buts, and Roving made them perfect in near, and well-aimed shooting.

1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman vi. 155 In roving and shooting great lengths, we generally use a twenty-eight, sometimes a twenty-nine, and even a thirty inch arrow.

1856 H. A. Ford Archery 104 Concerning roving, or shooting at rovers, very few words will suffice.

1931 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 94 Archers now have every opportunity to indulge in target shooting, archery golf, roving—competitive shooting from one mark to another—and even hunting.

1971 A. A. Macfarlan Mod. Hunting with Indian Secrets iii. 54 The essence of roving is to select the target quickly and shoot as fast as possible.

2006 K. Haywood & C. Lewis Archery (ed. 3) p. xiv In roving, archers in a small group take turns choosing and then shooting at a target to see who can come the closest.

†b. figurative. An attempt at comprehending something. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 76 Some low and underly rovings at, or at least admirings of that height and depth of workmanship, that this curious world is wrought up to.

2. The action of travelling without a fixed route or destination, esp. over a wide area; the action of moving from place to place, or from one thing to another; wandering, roaming. Also: an instance of this; a journey undertaken in this way. Cf. rove v.² 6, 7.In some quots. with an implication of sexual promiscuity; cf. rover n.² 2b. †to have roving: (Scottish) to go unchecked.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > [noun] > moving without fixed course

vagationc1340

roving?1520

straying1548

wandering1827

milling1924

minnow-twisting1935

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering

wandering1362

roamingc1390

roving?1520

error1594

rangling1594

wanderment1597

rambling1622

rolling1624

vagancy1641

roverya1653

pervagation1656

oberration1658

vagrancya1677

stravaiging1825

scamander1873

outwandering1880

?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth f. lxx Marius dissimuled with them sayeng that he wold stray abrode in Numidy in rouyng.

1562 in J. Stuart Sel. Rec. Kirk Aberdeen (1846) 4 Sic grosse and grevous synnis and offencis as presentlie regnis and hes roving in this toun..vnpunischeit.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Escumement,..also, a raunging, rouing.

1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) i. xc. 184 Galloping after our own night-dreams, (such are the roving of our miscarrying hearts).

1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 185 It doth answer to all the numberless Rovings of men's Fancies.

1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xv. 216 If we indulge the frequent rise and roving of passions.

1789 W. Belsham Ess. I. x. 191 The study of Mathematics contributes to..check the rovings of fancy.

1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville I. 296 Every year this animal's rovings are restricted.

1910 Jrnl. Educ. Psychol. 1 251 Tests with tachistoscope exposures, so brief as to preclude eye-movement or the roving of attention.

1922 C. T. Winchester Old Castle 106 The warmth of spring and the song of birds stirs in him [sc. Autolycus] an instinct for roving and roguing.

1978 J. B. Keane Lett. of Irish Minister of State 59 There is a great interest being taken..as regards your ramblings and rovings on Crabapple Hill.

2003 R. Rendell Rottweiler 225 Absenting himself from work and today from his rovings around north-west London.

3. The action of moving the eyes, gaze, etc., in various directions, esp. in appraising or searching for something; an instance of this. Cf. rove v.² 8a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [noun] > movements of eye

rollinga1500

volubility1603

flexion1626

roving1658

eye-rolling1837

run1837

sursumversion1897

extorsion1899

vergence1902

eye-roll1928

1658 A. Jackson Annot. Prov. xvii. 833 in Annot. Old Test. Doctrinall Bks. The rolling & roving of his eyes, prying into every corner, & wandring after every vanity, doth manifestly discover his weaknesse and folly.

1786 H. Lemoine Kentish Curate II. viii. 208 The parson and the clerk appear petrified; and, but for the roving of their eyes, would be esteemed statues.

1834 Hobart Town Mag. Feb. 303 An eager, panting, impatient anxiety was expressed in the quick and restless roving of their flashing eyes.

1887 S. J. Higginson Princess of Java xvi. 125 The only sign of consciousness she gave was the restless roving of her eyes as they ceaselessly followed the rich and intricate designs..in the tapestries.

1910 H. M. Rideout Twisted Foot xix. 239 This was effort enough; this, with now and then a lazy roving of the eyes, to search along the blossoming garden.

1927 Los Angeles Times Sunday Mag. 7 Aug. 12/1 He noticed their subtle protests against the roving of his gaze.

2002 N. Crane Mercator (2004) 288 Back in Duisburg, Mercator's travels were limited to the roving of failing eyes across his many maps.

Compounds

General attributive.

a. In sense 1a, as roving arrow, roving butt, roving course, roving shaft, etc.

ΚΠ

1479Rowying shaftes [see sense 1a].

1560 J. Heywood Fourth Hundred Epygrams xxxiii. sig. B What a shotte shootes he with a rouyng arrowe?

1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxvi. 122 With Broad-arrow, or But, or Prick, or Rouing Shaft.

1789 J. Byng Diary 28 June in Torrington Diaries (1935) II. 106 Low stone pillars, which are the roving butts that Lord A: shoots his arrows at.

1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman vi. 154 The best length for the arrow, if used at less than roving distances, is twenty-seven inches including the pile.

1830 Archer's Man. (United Bowmen of Pa.) iii. 64 The archer, who counts by a shot at a roving mark, selects the mark for the next shot.

1939 P. H. Gordon New Archery iii. 21 Royal edict set aside places for shooting in the towns and provided long roving courses over the distances between towns.

1999 S. Fadala Trad. Archery 191 The finest roving point I've ever tried is the judo, and its story is worth telling.

b. In sense 2, as roving ambition, roving disposition, roving passion, etc.Often (esp. in later use) merging with roving adj.

ΚΠ

1724 T. Salmon Rev. Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) I. 237 The King, it seems, was of a roving Disposition, ever give to change.

1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 9 It has been either my good or evil lot to have my roving passion gratified.

1892 Daily News 19 Feb. 7/4 A new sort of roving power had been obtained by the War Office under the Ranges Act.

1933 J. V. Allen Cowboy Lore i. 9 On the range an unruly cow or one with roving proclivities will often be necked or tied to a more tractable animal.

1992 Farmers Weekly 14 Aug. 66/4 We have noticed one or two nasty patches of couch grass..and decided to send the sprayer off on ‘roving mode’ to catch them before harvest.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† rovingn.²

Forms: late Middle English rouynge, 1500s rouing, 1600s–1700s roving.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a Dutch lexical item. Etymons: rove v.¹, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < rove v.¹ + -ing suffix¹, originally after Middle Dutch rōven, use as noun of the infinitive of rōven to commit robbery (see reave v.¹; compare rove v.¹). With use with reference to piracy compare also Middle Low German sērȫvinge.

Obsolete.

Robbery; piracy; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > piracy > [noun]

scummerfare1358

pirating1526

piratry1526

piracya1552

rovery1575

roving1585

picarooning1727

sea-roving1841

piratism1882

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 25 Thenne muste ye promyse first to leue your steelyng and rouynge.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xl Natwithstandynge the great harmys they had done by rouing vpon the See.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 8 Most of them..lyuing onely of rouings, spoyles, and pilling at the Seas.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Piraterie, piracie, roving.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 17 They are there much vext with the continuall rovings and robberies of the Arabians.

1728 tr. R. Aubert de Vertot D'Aubeuf Hist. Knights of Malta I. 253 Those Barbarians..left off their usual roving and pillaging for a time.

1797 D. Hume Comm. Law Scotl. II. xxiii. 356 Piracy, or roving and robbing on the seas.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

rovingn.³

Brit.

/ˈrəʊvɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈroʊvɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rove v.⁴, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < rove v.⁴ + -ing suffix¹. Compare earlier rowing n.³ and (with sense 2) rowan n.³ Compare also earlier rover n.³

1. The action or process of making carded or combed cotton, wool, etc., into rovings (in sense 2a).

ΚΠ

1779 R. Peele Brit. Patent 1212 1 My Invention of a Method for the..Slobbing, Roving and Spinning of Cotton, Silk, Worsted and Woollen.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 390 Three such skeins being passed through another drawing-frame, and stretched in their progress, become fitted for roving, the last step in the preparatory processes.

1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 758 The first operation is called ‘spreading’,..the second and third ‘drawings’,..and lastly the ‘roving’.

1862 W. Fairbairn in Rep. 31st Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1861 p. lxi Improvements in carding, roving, combing, spinning, and weaving.

1903 J. Lord Mem. John Kay 17 The spinning of the weft..amounted to 9s. The picking, carding and roving..amounted to 9s.

1998 Textile Month June 21/1 The staple length distribution..becomes shorter and more uniform, enabling it to be processed subsequently via later drawing passages, roving and ring spinning.

a. A long thin strand of wool, cotton, fibreglass, etc., drawn out and slightly twisted in preparation for spinning; a roll of this.Wool, cotton, and similar fibres are carded and combed prior to drawing and twisting; cf. rove v.⁴

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > rove or slubbing

rowa1646

rowan1748

roving1785

slubbing1786

rove1789

rowing1802

slub1851

1785 Trial of Cause R. P. Arden 45 For taking off cotton, and making it into rovings from the carding.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. vii. 96 He sees..the wool in rovings ready for spinning into threads.

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 20 Drawing these out into slender spongy cords, called rovings, with the least possible twist.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Stretcher-mule, a mule adapted to stretch and twist fine rovings of cotton.

1924 Amer. Anthropologist 26 65 The laps of wool are sometimes formed into a roving by the fingers, draft and twist being given by rolling on the thigh.

1964 H. Hodges Artifacts ix. 128 Sometimes the rolag may be drawn out to a thickness approaching that of the required thread... Prepared fibres in this state are usually called rovings.

1972 Physics Bull. Nov. 663/3 The glasses are produced in continuous strands, consisting of..filaments which are subsequently processed into rovings or into yarns for weaving purposes.

2001–2 New Eng. Trav. & Life Fall–Winter 71/2 She holds up ‘slivers’ and ‘rovings’ of cotton to illustrate the process of drawing out the cotton before it is spun and twisted into a strong cotton yarn or thread.

b. As a mass noun: wool, cotton, fibreglass, etc., having this form.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > rove or slubbing > collectively

roving1785

slubbing1836

rove1849

1785 Trial of Cause R. P. Arden 26 In the first place it is roving, or a coarse thread; in the second place, spinning, or the fine thread.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 382 The cotton, or..roving, is taken out and wound upon a bobbin, and..carried to a machine called a stretcher.

1844 G. Dodd Textile Manuf. Great Brit. i. 31 The ‘tube-roving frame’..produces a much larger quantity of roving..; but the roving produced is inferior.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 895/1 Fly,..the arms which revolve around the bobbin in a spinning-frame, to twist the roving or yarn which is wound on the bobbin.

1946 A. J. Hall Standard Handbk. Textiles iii. 105 The roving at this stage is about as thick as coarse string.

1972 Physics Bull. Nov. 663/3 S-Glass is most commonly employed in ‘roving’ or other unwoven forms.

2006 Spin-off Spring 75/1 Many suppliers of fleeces..process some of their wool crop into roving.

c. woven roving n. a coarse fabric made by weaving flat bundles or rovings of fibreglass in two mutually perpendicular directions, used esp. as a construction and reinforcing material for boats.

ΚΠ

1937 Sun (Baltimore) 11 Apr. ii. 20/6 (advt.) 39c Slip cover woven roving cloth... Heavy, smart material for making well-fitting slipcovers.]

1954 R. H. Sonneborn Fiberglas Reinforced Plastics ii. 26 Woven Rovings... These are a relatively new form of fibrous glass..and are finding a large place in industry.

1977 Austral. Sailing Jan. 51/2 The construction..sounds strong, including a hand-laid layer of woven rovings and additional strengthening in stress areas.

2009 D. Casey This Old Boat (ed. 2) vi. 57 Manufacturers have traditionally alternated the layers of mat with woven roving.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as roving billy, roving bobbin, roving machine, roving room, roving waste, etc. See also roving frame n. at Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1795 Edinb. Advertiser 6 Jan. 15/1 Five..carding engines.., four roving billies.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 390 The loosely twisted thread from the roving bobbin.

1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 414 There was no appearance of dirt or of impure air in the preparing or roving-rooms.

1884 W. S. B. McLaren Spinning Woollen & Worsted (ed. 2) 120 The dandy roving boxes arranged in any number of spindles and boxes that are convenient.

1894 Times 17 Aug. 9/3 Slubbing waste, roving waste, ring waste, yarn waste.

1927 W. E. Cooke in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 3 Dec. 1024/2 The remaining asbestos [is] passed through carding, roving and spinning machines, and from these to the weaving sheds.

1937 Public Health Rep. (U.S. Public Health Service) 52 1719 Waste roving..was returned to the preparation department for reopening. The roving reopener was exhausted only from the pit below the last beater.

1988 M. Ross Encycl. Handspinning 149/1 Evenness of roving thickness is important.

C2.

roving frame n. a machine used to draw out and twist carded or combed wool, cotton, etc., in preparation for spinning.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > [noun] > drawing or twisting > equipment for

roving frame?1783

billy1795

tube roving-machine1839

rover1862

slubber1897

?1783 J. Arbuthnot To Trustees of Linen Board 63 A Roving Frame.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 387 The spinning-frame..is more closely allied to the bobbin and flier roving-frame.

1892 J. Nasmith Students' Cotton Spinning ix. 340 The traveller performs the same function as..the presser eye in the roving frame.

1958 Catal. Copyright Entries (U.S. Copyright Office) 11 1536/2 Component parts catalog for roving frame, cotton type.

1994 F. X. Werber & E. E. Backe in W. S. Anthony & W. D. Mayfield Cotton Ginners Handbk. xiii. 299 In the roving frame, the drawn sliver is fed to a machine that has close to 100 spindles on it for drafting and winding the roving onto a package suitable for ring spinning.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rovingn.⁴

Brit.

/ˈrəʊvɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈroʊvɪŋ/

Forms: 1800s roven, 1800s rovin, 1800s– roving.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: roband n.

Etymology: Alteration of roband n., probably after rove, past participle of reeve v.¹ (see β. forms at reeve v.¹), with the second element remodelled after -ing suffix¹.

Nautical.

= roband n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > rigging > [noun] > running rigging > ropes securing sail to yard

headline1294

rope-bend1294

roband1336

robbin1497

raeband1513

rope-yard1611

earing1626

leech-line1626

rope-band1769

jackstay1834

roving1837

1837 Flowers of Fiction 307/2 One of the main-royal rovins had parted, and the fag end was sticking out over the cleat.

c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 47 Take one of the robands next to the midship one.., and take the midship roving for a stop.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 583 Rovens, a corruption of rope-bands.

1970 E. J. Marsh Inshore Craft Great Brit. I. Gloss. 270 Rovings (or Robands). Short lines by which a sail is bent to its yard.

2004 M. Wood Sailing Tall ii. 26 I..was responsible for overhauling and renewing lighter running and standing rigging (footropes, shrouds, buntlines, rovings, etc.).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† rovingn.⁵

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rove v.⁶, -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < rove v.⁶ + -ing suffix¹.

Obsolete.

The action of rove v.⁶

ΚΠ

1850 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. III. 1109 The roving plate..jumps, and appears to fill the stone with minute furrows.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1023/2 Turning or roving is effected by reversing the motion of the stone and holding a hooked flat tool against its edge.

Compounds

roving plate n. an iron or steel plate held at the top of a grindstone at a slight angle, used to smooth its surface and remove debris.

ΚΠ

1850*Roving plate [see main sense].

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1023/2 The stone..is afterwards farther smoothed by the roving plate.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

rovingadj.

Brit.

/ˈrəʊvɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈroʊvɪŋ/

Forms: see rove v.¹ and -ing suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rove v.², -ing suffix².

Etymology: < rove v.² + -ing suffix². Compare earlier raving adj.¹

1. Of speech, thought, etc.: moving from one thing to another; treating of many subjects unsystematically; rambling, unstructured; (also) constantly active; restless.

ΚΠ

1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 8 To go to the matter alleaged directly without idle twanges, and rouing strauagants from the purpose.

1572 G. Fenton tr. E. Pasquier Monophylo i. f. 3^v Phylopolo..disposed himselfe to talke with a Gentlewoman sitting next him, to whome he made this rouing question.

1645 J. Milton Passion iv, in Poems 17 These latter scenes confine my roving vers.

1752 Gouge's Christian Direct. (new ed.) ii. 14 Tho' roving thoughts, as birds will hover about thee.., yet suffer them not to lodge and nestle in thee.

1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 525 Their rules of life..prov'd too weak To bind the roving appetite.

1812 G. Crabbe Tales xi. 204 Yet pride still liv'd, and struggled to sustain The drooping spirit, and the roving brain.

1848 A. H. tr. J. P. F. Richter Levana ii. 21 He [sc. the German] prefers steady, slow writing, to quick hither and thither roving speech.

1885 Law Times Rep. 52 586/2 Such a general and roving interrogatory as this should not be allowed.

1947 G. W. Corner Hormones in Human Reprod. (rev. ed.) 12 In illustration of these roving thoughts of poet and scientist, let us return for a moment to the sea-born Cothurnia.

1991 World Press Rev. Oct. 57/2 The rich, roving imagination and nimble fingers of the women of Bengal.

2. Of a manner of doing something, a person's life, etc.: characterized by roving (roving n.¹ 2) or an inclination to rove; esp. (of life, a period of time, etc.) spent roving. Cf. roving n.¹ Compounds b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [adjective] > with no fixed aim or wandering > inclined to or characterized by wandering

wancraunt1422

roving1566

runabout1573

wandering1582

vagrant1583

gaddy1637

outward-bound1743

gadabout1753

free-ranging1841

planeticose1849

knockabout1886

picaresque1959

1566 J. Fowler tr. P. Frarinus Oration against Vnlawfull Insurrections Protestantes sig. Dvj They..did reioyce & triumph in their wicked and rouing theeuerie.

1569 W. Samuel Abridgem. Old Test.: 1 Kings xxvii. sig. H.ij He slue of them in rouing wise, and left not one aliue.

1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Rrr The name not proper to these onely, but common to all those who followed the like roving life.

1725 G. Berkeley Proposal supplying Churches (rev. ed.) 17 The Americans, so long as they continue their wild and roving life.

1821 W. Scott Pirate III. iv. 79 I hope a gentleman of the roving trade has as good a right to have an alias as a stroller.

1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting i. 2 Being of a roving turn of mind, I was placed in the large merchant's office of an ex-M.P., with a view of being fitted for going abroad.

1938 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 30/3 During these roving years, an idea had been taking shape in his mind.

1989 D. Morrow & M. Keyes Conc. Hist. Sport in Canada 213 His roving style of play and his flopping, poke-checking technique became exciting trademarks at a time when conservative, defensive hockey was in vogue.

2008 Staffs. Newslet. (Nexis) 1 May The beginning of the ending of his roving days..was marked when he met his wife-to-be.

a. Of a person's eyes, gaze, etc.: moving in changing directions, esp. in appraising or searching for something, spec. with allusion to a tendency to flirt or be constantly looking for new potential sexual or romantic partners, esp. when one is already in a relationship (chiefly in roving eye). Cf. rover n.² 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [adjective] > movements of eye

walling1513

rolling1532

roving1567

wandering1578

inconstant1598

loose1603

unrolling1647

voluble1661

1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 210 His faire Ianiquette, whom if by any aduenture his roauing eyes did spie at y^e doare, he forgatt not to salute.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D3^v His rouing eie did on the Lady glaunce.

1651 J. Reading Guide to Holy City 379 It restraineth the roving eies from seeing that vanity of the world.

1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 23 Nature,..undisguis'd by mimic Art,..spreads Unbounded Beauty to the roving Eye.

1772 W. Jones Poems 29 Maia..Cast on an em'rald ring her roving sight.

1842 R. H. Barham Smuggler's Leap in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 161 He has curling locks, and a roving eye.

1869 P. Fitzgerald Fatal Zero II. iv. 35 That..questing, roving eye..that looks out of the corners sharply.

1901 F. Norris Octopus ii. iii. 380 At last his swiftly roving eyes lighted upon an object, just darker than the grey-brown of the night-ridden land.

1955 ‘P. Dennis’ Auntie Mame v. 118 Some he-whore with the roving eye..who's interested in you for just two things—one of which is money.

1992 K. S. Robinson Red Mars (1993) 332 Once or twice he saw someone flinch from his roving gaze.

2002 Independent on Sunday 29 Sept. (Life Etc. section) 15/1 Despite his roving eye they remained together, and had three daughters and a son.

b. Of a person or a person's mind: inclined towards sexual promiscuity or adultery; adulterous; promiscuous.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [adjective] > adulterous

spouse-breaka1400

wedlock-breaking?a1400

adulterousa1425

adulterine?1533

adulterate1556

adulterated1592

mechal1608

incestuous1632

roving1692

1692 R. Bourne Contented Cuckold v. 53 Who knows, when married, but his roveing Mind May keep one center and to one prove kind.

1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber xii. 226 The Opera, after one luxurious Season, like the fine Wife of a roving Husband, began to lose its Charms.

1845 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Dec. 418/2 A few should be found, preferring a total absence of all ties, and the perfect indulgence of a roving disposition, in other words, promiscuous concubinage.

1929 Los Angeles Times 20 Sept. ii. 14/4 (headline) Wife divorces roving spouse.

2000 L. Paget How to Give her Absolute Pleasure ii. 26 For those of you roving males..you can also reduce the risk of contracting an STD by limiting your number of sexual partners.

a. Esp. of a person or animal: that travels from place to place without fixed route or destination; wandering, roaming; nomadic; (also) marauding.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [adjective] > with no fixed aim or wandering

wanderingc1000

erringa1340

waggeringa1382

vagant1382

vagabond1426

erroneousa1464

fugitive1481

wavering1487

vagrantc1522

gadding1545

roaming1566

roving1576

straggling1589

rambling?1609

wagand1614

wheelinga1616

gadling1616

vagring1619

erratical1620

vaguing1627

erratic1656

planetical1656

waif1724

vagrarious1795

stravaiging1825

vagarious1882

pirooting1958

1576 G. Whetstone Rocke of Regard 35 Thy rouing Muse, squares much with his delight.

1591 H. Barrow Plaine Refut. Giffardes Bk. 134 Long it were, and not my purpose in this place, to shewe howe these Pharasee, Sectorie Teachers, these stipendarie rouing predicantes..seduce and distracte the people of the lande.

a1631 J. Donne Elegy xix, in R. C. Harmony of Music (1654) 2 Licence my roving hands, and let them goe Behind, before, above, between, below, O my Americka! my New-found-Land! The Kingdom's safest, when by one man man'd.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 432 Imaus.., Whose snowie ridge the roving Tartar bounds.

1693 G. Stepney tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires viii. 163 Such Frollicks with his Roving Genius suit On Forreign Theaters to prostitute His Voice and Honour.

1749 S. Johnson Irene i. ii. 10 A roving Soldier seiz'd..A Virgin shining with distinguish'd Charms.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 174 The same life is uniformly pursued by the roving tribes of the desert.

1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville I. 29 Roving bands of independent trappers.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) xi. 395 Up this rich plain came the roving Danites from the south.

1936 E. L. Gill First Guide S. Afr. Birds 141 Wattled Starling,..Roving birds, appearing almost anywhere for a time in flocks and disappearing again.

1957 Woman's Day (N.Y.) July 2/1 With his roving camera, he recently followed Henry Adams' French itinerary and took photographs.

1994 K. Kelly Out of Control xiii. 247 Prototype passengerless roving jeeps driven by ‘telepresent’ operators back at the base already zip down real roads.

1999 D. Haslam Manchester, Eng. iii. 74 The famous roving ravers..who would travel from the Haçienda in Manchester to Shelly's in Stoke, to Quadrant Park..in search of the perfect piano anthem.

b. Of a person in relation to his or her job: required to travel to various locations; peripatetic. Frequently in roving reporter.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [adjective] > in connection with employment > having a roving commission

walking1591

errant1638

roving1826

1826 P. Kenny Diary 9 Sept. in Rec. Amer. Catholic Hist. Soc. Philadelphia (1898) 9 96 I am now informed that the roving Priest, noticed above..is Rev. Shanon..of Lancaster.

1850 D. Lardner Railway Econ. i. 19 The proprietors of a single morning journal are able to maintain agencies..in all the principal cities of Europe, besides roving correspondents wherever the prevalence of war, revolution, or any other public event exerts a local interest.

1860 N.Y. Herald 11 June 1/3 George Fitch, a roving reporter for republican newspapers, sometimes hailing from Michigan and sometimes from Illinois.

1938 E. Waugh Scoop iii. i. 258 (telegram) Will you accept five year contract five thousand year roving correspondent.

1970 A. Sinclair Guevara vi. 71 From 1960 onwards, Che had often served as a roving ambassador for Fidel Castro.

1998 Economist 21 Mar. 153/1 (advt.) The ESCAP roving team of railway experts.

c. Sport. Having the freedom or propensity to move about the field of play at will rather than remain in a set position. Cf. roving commission n. 3.

ΚΠ

1887 Mercury (Hobart) 25 May Cundy being perhaps the best roving player seen on a Victorian ground for a couple of seasons.

1897 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 21 Feb. 20/1 He, however, never settled down to the regular scrummaging work, and has always been known as a roving forward.

1920 Boston Globe 10 Nov. 10/3 He is a roving player. He will be ready to shift from left tackle to center should the occasion arise.

1960 N.Y. Times 25 Nov. 37/1 A roving backfield role..cast him at each position at one time or another.

2001 M. Breheny & D. Keenan Ultimate Encycl. Gaelic Football & Hurling 48/2 One of the game's great thinkers, Heffernan is credited with perfecting the role of the roving full forward.

†5. Made or held on the basis of incomplete information; conjectural. Cf. rove v.² 3a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [adjective]

conjecturative?1541

conjectural1553

opinionate1553

roving1577

opiniative1593

opinionative1610

guessive1628

estimative1659

stochastic1662

stochasticala1688

doxastic1794

divinatorya1856

divinatorial1860

conjectory1884

the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adjective] > random or haphazard

uncertain1303

casualc1460

haphazard1576

roving1577

hazardous1585

chanceful1594

firmless1605

random1655

temerarious1660

aleatory1693

contingent1703

unlawed1789

by the way1846

chancy1860

fluky1880

hitty-missy1885

perchance1891

happenchance1905

happenstance1905

willy-nilly1933

1577 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. Ephesians iii. f. 141 Then is it not ynough for vs to haue some rouing knowledge of Christ.

1635 Court Min. E. India Co. (1907) 64 A roving estimate.

1649 C. Walker Anarchia Anglicana 57 By a roaving Accusation shot at randome at me.

1687 P. Rycaut Hist. Turks II. 258 The occasion of this unexpected..resolution caused many roving guesses and opinations of the reasons of it.

Compounds

†C1. Complementary, as roving-looking adj. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxiii. 220 There was a roving-looking person in a rough great-coat.

1879 F. Carr Tried by Fire II. xxvii. 251 Her eyes were dark as Zara's own; but they were unlike hers in being restless and roving looking.

C2.

roving blade n. a young man who is free of responsibilities; cf. blade n. 11.

ΚΠ

1677 A. Behn Rover Epil. The Banisht Cavaliers! a Roving Blade! A Popish Carnival! a Masquerade!

1763 ‘R. Funnidos’ Donnybrook Tea-house 9 The Prude, the Coquette, the roving Blade, and thoughtless Beau, all make their Appearance.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 122 I shall have the renown of some private quest, which may do me honour as a roving blade.

1886 ‘S. Tytler’ Buried Diamonds xxviii Whatever you like to call my fine, roving blade of a brother-in-law.

1999 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 28 Aug. r4 I ask which of the characters he is, or would like to be, in his new book and he answers Frankie, a roving blade in the grand tradition.

roving bridge n. British a canal bridge designed as a continuation of the towpath, allowing a horse towing a boat to cross the canal when the towpath changes sides.In the best known form of roving bridge the horse passes under the bridge after crossing it, thus continuing its journey without being unhitched.

ΚΠ

1849 Rep. Commissioners Applic. Iron to Railway Structures 299 Some of the roving bridges over the New Birmingham Canal..are 80 feet long. They have, it is true, but a small load to carry; they are to enable the horses to cross from one side of the canal to the other.

1949 Archit. Rev. 106 13/3 Roving Bridges..carry the towpath itself across from one side of the canal to the other.

2001 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 10 Mar. 30 A footbridge (built by Horseley Iron Works in 1827 and known as a ‘roving bridge’) crosses to the National Indoor Arena.

roving sailor n. chiefly English regional any of several creeping or climbing plants; esp. (a) ivy-leaved toadflax, Cymbalaria muralis; (b) creeping saxifrage, Saxifaga stolonifera.

ΚΠ

1829 J. P. Cobbett Jrnl. 30 June in Jrnl. Tour in Italy (1830) 295 I saw a small Jig-tree and a bit of the plant called roving sailor growing.

1849 Phytologist 3 622 From its creeping far and wide, by root and seed, it [sc. ivy-leaved toadflax] has gained in this island the name of Roving Jenny or Roving Sailor.

1891 Gardening Illustr. 12 Dec. 558/3 Mother of Thousands or Roving Sailor (Saxifraga sarmentosa), a capital window plant of the earliest possible culture.

1968 Times 8 Aug. 8/4 Roving sailor is one of the country names mentioned by a reader [for ivy-leaved toadflax].

2005 B. Pleasant Comp. Houseplant Survival Man. 142 Saxifraga stolonifera... Strawberry Begonia, Roving Sailor, Mother of Thousands.

roving wiretap n. U.S. a wiretap or wiretap order that relates to an individual rather than to one particular telephone number, email address, etc., allowing all forms of communication used by that individual to be monitored legally.

ΚΠ

1987 Georgia Law Rev. 22 59 Section 2518..explicitly governs roving interception of electronic communications as well as roving wiretaps.

1989 San Diego Union 9 Apr. a8/4 Investigators were the first to make use of the ‘roving wiretap’ under new federal laws that permit any telephone or any location used by the target of an investigation.

1998 Human Events 30 Oct. 26 The government will be authorized to conduct ‘roving wiretaps’ that allow law enforcement agencies to tap phones used by or near targeted individuals without obtaining permission to tap specific telephones.

2008 J. W. Whitehead Change Manifesto iii. 72 Law enforcement investigators were also given the authority to use roving wiretaps to listen in on conversations.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1479

n.²1481

n.³1779

n.⁴1837

n.⁵1850

adj.1565

单词	roving
释义	rovingn.¹ Brit. /ˈrəʊvɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈroʊvɪŋ/ Forms: see rove v.² and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rove v.², -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < rove v.² + -ing suffix¹. 1. a. Archery. The action of shooting at an arbitrarily selected mark of unknown distance (rather than a fixed target), or at several such marks of varying distances, esp. as a form of practice in range-finding and long-distance shooting, or (in later use) as part of a competition or game.Recorded earliest in attributive use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > competitive shooting > archery > [noun] > types of arbalestrya1423 roving1479 flight1557 flight-shooting1801 prick shooting1801 1479 in C. J. Longman et al. Archery (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) (1894) vii. 119 Shoyting shaftes, rowying shaftes, childre shaftes, clense arrows unnykt. a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 457 Þe people of þis Citie yerely breken the hegges & dykes of þe seid Priour in diuerse places in þeir shotyng cald Rovyng. a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1908) II. 458 Although such rovyng about the Citie of London & all oþer grete Cities is suffred. 1560 J. Heywood Fourth Hundred Epygrams xxxiii. sig. B Of an archers rouyng. 1639 J. Shirley Maides Revenge i. sig. B3^v Cou[nt]. How now, are thy arrowes feathred? Val[asco]. Well enough for roving. c1700 J. Fraser Chron. Frasers (1905) 150 Few or none could compeat or cop with him in arching, either at butts, bowmarks or roaving. 1750 R. Heath Nat. & Hist. Acct. Scilly 433 Buts, and Roving made them perfect in near, and well-aimed shooting. 1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman vi. 155 In roving and shooting great lengths, we generally use a twenty-eight, sometimes a twenty-nine, and even a thirty inch arrow. 1856 H. A. Ford Archery 104 Concerning roving, or shooting at rovers, very few words will suffice. 1931 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 94 Archers now have every opportunity to indulge in target shooting, archery golf, roving—competitive shooting from one mark to another—and even hunting. 1971 A. A. Macfarlan Mod. Hunting with Indian Secrets iii. 54 The essence of roving is to select the target quickly and shoot as fast as possible. 2006 K. Haywood & C. Lewis Archery (ed. 3) p. xiv In roving, archers in a small group take turns choosing and then shooting at a target to see who can come the closest. †b. figurative. An attempt at comprehending something. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 76 Some low and underly rovings at, or at least admirings of that height and depth of workmanship, that this curious world is wrought up to. 2. The action of travelling without a fixed route or destination, esp. over a wide area; the action of moving from place to place, or from one thing to another; wandering, roaming. Also: an instance of this; a journey undertaken in this way. Cf. rove v.² 6, 7.In some quots. with an implication of sexual promiscuity; cf. rover n.² 2b. †to have roving: (Scottish) to go unchecked. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > change of direction of movement > [noun] > moving without fixed course vagationc1340 roving?1520 straying1548 wandering1827 milling1924 minnow-twisting1935 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [noun] > without fixed aim or wandering wandering1362 roamingc1390 roving?1520 error1594 rangling1594 wanderment1597 rambling1622 rolling1624 vagancy1641 roverya1653 pervagation1656 oberration1658 vagrancya1677 stravaiging1825 scamander1873 outwandering1880 ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth f. lxx Marius dissimuled with them sayeng that he wold stray abrode in Numidy in rouyng. 1562 in J. Stuart Sel. Rec. Kirk Aberdeen (1846) 4 Sic grosse and grevous synnis and offencis as presentlie regnis and hes roving in this toun..vnpunischeit. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Escumement,..also, a raunging, rouing. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) i. xc. 184 Galloping after our own night-dreams, (such are the roving of our miscarrying hearts). 1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 185 It doth answer to all the numberless Rovings of men's Fancies. 1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xv. 216 If we indulge the frequent rise and roving of passions. 1789 W. Belsham Ess. I. x. 191 The study of Mathematics contributes to..check the rovings of fancy. 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville I. 296 Every year this animal's rovings are restricted. 1910 Jrnl. Educ. Psychol. 1 251 Tests with tachistoscope exposures, so brief as to preclude eye-movement or the roving of attention. 1922 C. T. Winchester Old Castle 106 The warmth of spring and the song of birds stirs in him [sc. Autolycus] an instinct for roving and roguing. 1978 J. B. Keane Lett. of Irish Minister of State 59 There is a great interest being taken..as regards your ramblings and rovings on Crabapple Hill. 2003 R. Rendell Rottweiler 225 Absenting himself from work and today from his rovings around north-west London. 3. The action of moving the eyes, gaze, etc., in various directions, esp. in appraising or searching for something; an instance of this. Cf. rove v.² 8a. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [noun] > movements of eye rollinga1500 volubility1603 flexion1626 roving1658 eye-rolling1837 run1837 sursumversion1897 extorsion1899 vergence1902 eye-roll1928 1658 A. Jackson Annot. Prov. xvii. 833 in Annot. Old Test. Doctrinall Bks. The rolling & roving of his eyes, prying into every corner, & wandring after every vanity, doth manifestly discover his weaknesse and folly. 1786 H. Lemoine Kentish Curate II. viii. 208 The parson and the clerk appear petrified; and, but for the roving of their eyes, would be esteemed statues. 1834 Hobart Town Mag. Feb. 303 An eager, panting, impatient anxiety was expressed in the quick and restless roving of their flashing eyes. 1887 S. J. Higginson Princess of Java xvi. 125 The only sign of consciousness she gave was the restless roving of her eyes as they ceaselessly followed the rich and intricate designs..in the tapestries. 1910 H. M. Rideout Twisted Foot xix. 239 This was effort enough; this, with now and then a lazy roving of the eyes, to search along the blossoming garden. 1927 Los Angeles Times Sunday Mag. 7 Aug. 12/1 He noticed their subtle protests against the roving of his gaze. 2002 N. Crane Mercator (2004) 288 Back in Duisburg, Mercator's travels were limited to the roving of failing eyes across his many maps. Compounds General attributive. a. In sense 1a, as roving arrow, roving butt, roving course, roving shaft, etc. ΚΠ 1479Rowying shaftes [see sense 1a]. 1560 J. Heywood Fourth Hundred Epygrams xxxiii. sig. B What a shotte shootes he with a rouyng arrowe? 1622 M. Drayton 2nd Pt. Poly-olbion xxvi. 122 With Broad-arrow, or But, or Prick, or Rouing Shaft. 1789 J. Byng Diary 28 June in Torrington Diaries (1935) II. 106 Low stone pillars, which are the roving butts that Lord A: shoots his arrows at. 1801 T. Roberts Eng. Bowman vi. 154 The best length for the arrow, if used at less than roving distances, is twenty-seven inches including the pile. 1830 Archer's Man. (United Bowmen of Pa.) iii. 64 The archer, who counts by a shot at a roving mark, selects the mark for the next shot. 1939 P. H. Gordon New Archery iii. 21 Royal edict set aside places for shooting in the towns and provided long roving courses over the distances between towns. 1999 S. Fadala Trad. Archery 191 The finest roving point I've ever tried is the judo, and its story is worth telling. b. In sense 2, as roving ambition, roving disposition, roving passion, etc.Often (esp. in later use) merging with roving adj. ΚΠ 1724 T. Salmon Rev. Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) I. 237 The King, it seems, was of a roving Disposition, ever give to change. 1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 9 It has been either my good or evil lot to have my roving passion gratified. 1892 Daily News 19 Feb. 7/4 A new sort of roving power had been obtained by the War Office under the Ranges Act. 1933 J. V. Allen Cowboy Lore i. 9 On the range an unruly cow or one with roving proclivities will often be necked or tied to a more tractable animal. 1992 Farmers Weekly 14 Aug. 66/4 We have noticed one or two nasty patches of couch grass..and decided to send the sprayer off on ‘roving mode’ to catch them before harvest. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rovingn.² Forms: late Middle English rouynge, 1500s rouing, 1600s–1700s roving. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a Dutch lexical item. Etymons: rove v.¹, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < rove v.¹ + -ing suffix¹, originally after Middle Dutch rōven, use as noun of the infinitive of rōven to commit robbery (see reave v.¹; compare rove v.¹). With use with reference to piracy compare also Middle Low German sērȫvinge. Obsolete. Robbery; piracy; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > piracy > [noun] scummerfare1358 pirating1526 piratry1526 piracya1552 rovery1575 roving1585 picarooning1727 sea-roving1841 piratism1882 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 25 Thenne muste ye promyse first to leue your steelyng and rouynge. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xl Natwithstandynge the great harmys they had done by rouing vpon the See. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 8 Most of them..lyuing onely of rouings, spoyles, and pilling at the Seas. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Piraterie, piracie, roving. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 17 They are there much vext with the continuall rovings and robberies of the Arabians. 1728 tr. R. Aubert de Vertot D'Aubeuf Hist. Knights of Malta I. 253 Those Barbarians..left off their usual roving and pillaging for a time. 1797 D. Hume Comm. Law Scotl. II. xxiii. 356 Piracy, or roving and robbing on the seas. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). rovingn.³ Brit. /ˈrəʊvɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈroʊvɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rove v.⁴, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < rove v.⁴ + -ing suffix¹. Compare earlier rowing n.³ and (with sense 2) rowan n.³ Compare also earlier rover n.³ 1. The action or process of making carded or combed cotton, wool, etc., into rovings (in sense 2a). ΚΠ 1779 R. Peele Brit. Patent 1212 1 My Invention of a Method for the..Slobbing, Roving and Spinning of Cotton, Silk, Worsted and Woollen. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 390 Three such skeins being passed through another drawing-frame, and stretched in their progress, become fitted for roving, the last step in the preparatory processes. 1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 758 The first operation is called ‘spreading’,..the second and third ‘drawings’,..and lastly the ‘roving’. 1862 W. Fairbairn in Rep. 31st Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1861 p. lxi Improvements in carding, roving, combing, spinning, and weaving. 1903 J. Lord Mem. John Kay 17 The spinning of the weft..amounted to 9s. The picking, carding and roving..amounted to 9s. 1998 Textile Month June 21/1 The staple length distribution..becomes shorter and more uniform, enabling it to be processed subsequently via later drawing passages, roving and ring spinning. 2. a. A long thin strand of wool, cotton, fibreglass, etc., drawn out and slightly twisted in preparation for spinning; a roll of this.Wool, cotton, and similar fibres are carded and combed prior to drawing and twisting; cf. rove v.⁴ ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > rove or slubbing rowa1646 rowan1748 roving1785 slubbing1786 rove1789 rowing1802 slub1851 1785 Trial of Cause R. P. Arden 45 For taking off cotton, and making it into rovings from the carding. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. vii. 96 He sees..the wool in rovings ready for spinning into threads. 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 20 Drawing these out into slender spongy cords, called rovings, with the least possible twist. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Stretcher-mule, a mule adapted to stretch and twist fine rovings of cotton. 1924 Amer. Anthropologist 26 65 The laps of wool are sometimes formed into a roving by the fingers, draft and twist being given by rolling on the thigh. 1964 H. Hodges Artifacts ix. 128 Sometimes the rolag may be drawn out to a thickness approaching that of the required thread... Prepared fibres in this state are usually called rovings. 1972 Physics Bull. Nov. 663/3 The glasses are produced in continuous strands, consisting of..filaments which are subsequently processed into rovings or into yarns for weaving purposes. 2001–2 New Eng. Trav. & Life Fall–Winter 71/2 She holds up ‘slivers’ and ‘rovings’ of cotton to illustrate the process of drawing out the cotton before it is spun and twisted into a strong cotton yarn or thread. b. As a mass noun: wool, cotton, fibreglass, etc., having this form. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [noun] > rove or slubbing > collectively roving1785 slubbing1836 rove1849 1785 Trial of Cause R. P. Arden 26 In the first place it is roving, or a coarse thread; in the second place, spinning, or the fine thread. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 382 The cotton, or..roving, is taken out and wound upon a bobbin, and..carried to a machine called a stretcher. 1844 G. Dodd Textile Manuf. Great Brit. i. 31 The ‘tube-roving frame’..produces a much larger quantity of roving..; but the roving produced is inferior. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 895/1 Fly,..the arms which revolve around the bobbin in a spinning-frame, to twist the roving or yarn which is wound on the bobbin. 1946 A. J. Hall Standard Handbk. Textiles iii. 105 The roving at this stage is about as thick as coarse string. 1972 Physics Bull. Nov. 663/3 S-Glass is most commonly employed in ‘roving’ or other unwoven forms. 2006 Spin-off Spring 75/1 Many suppliers of fleeces..process some of their wool crop into roving. c. woven roving n. a coarse fabric made by weaving flat bundles or rovings of fibreglass in two mutually perpendicular directions, used esp. as a construction and reinforcing material for boats. ΚΠ 1937 Sun (Baltimore) 11 Apr. ii. 20/6 (advt.) 39c Slip cover woven roving cloth... Heavy, smart material for making well-fitting slipcovers.] 1954 R. H. Sonneborn Fiberglas Reinforced Plastics ii. 26 Woven Rovings... These are a relatively new form of fibrous glass..and are finding a large place in industry. 1977 Austral. Sailing Jan. 51/2 The construction..sounds strong, including a hand-laid layer of woven rovings and additional strengthening in stress areas. 2009 D. Casey This Old Boat (ed. 2) vi. 57 Manufacturers have traditionally alternated the layers of mat with woven roving. Compounds C1. General attributive, as roving billy, roving bobbin, roving machine, roving room, roving waste, etc. See also roving frame n. at Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1795 Edinb. Advertiser 6 Jan. 15/1 Five..carding engines.., four roving billies. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 390 The loosely twisted thread from the roving bobbin. 1835 A. Ure Philos. Manuf. 414 There was no appearance of dirt or of impure air in the preparing or roving-rooms. 1884 W. S. B. McLaren Spinning Woollen & Worsted (ed. 2) 120 The dandy roving boxes arranged in any number of spindles and boxes that are convenient. 1894 Times 17 Aug. 9/3 Slubbing waste, roving waste, ring waste, yarn waste. 1927 W. E. Cooke in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 3 Dec. 1024/2 The remaining asbestos [is] passed through carding, roving and spinning machines, and from these to the weaving sheds. 1937 Public Health Rep. (U.S. Public Health Service) 52 1719 Waste roving..was returned to the preparation department for reopening. The roving reopener was exhausted only from the pit below the last beater. 1988 M. Ross Encycl. Handspinning 149/1 Evenness of roving thickness is important. C2. roving frame n. a machine used to draw out and twist carded or combed wool, cotton, etc., in preparation for spinning. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > [noun] > drawing or twisting > equipment for roving frame?1783 billy1795 tube roving-machine1839 rover1862 slubber1897 ?1783 J. Arbuthnot To Trustees of Linen Board 63 A Roving Frame. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 387 The spinning-frame..is more closely allied to the bobbin and flier roving-frame. 1892 J. Nasmith Students' Cotton Spinning ix. 340 The traveller performs the same function as..the presser eye in the roving frame. 1958 Catal. Copyright Entries (U.S. Copyright Office) 11 1536/2 Component parts catalog for roving frame, cotton type. 1994 F. X. Werber & E. E. Backe in W. S. Anthony & W. D. Mayfield Cotton Ginners Handbk. xiii. 299 In the roving frame, the drawn sliver is fed to a machine that has close to 100 spindles on it for drafting and winding the roving onto a package suitable for ring spinning. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rovingn.⁴ Brit. /ˈrəʊvɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈroʊvɪŋ/ Forms: 1800s roven, 1800s rovin, 1800s– roving. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: roband n. Etymology: Alteration of roband n., probably after rove, past participle of reeve v.¹ (see β. forms at reeve v.¹), with the second element remodelled after -ing suffix¹. Nautical. = roband n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > rigging > [noun] > running rigging > ropes securing sail to yard headline1294 rope-bend1294 roband1336 robbin1497 raeband1513 rope-yard1611 earing1626 leech-line1626 rope-band1769 jackstay1834 roving1837 1837 Flowers of Fiction 307/2 One of the main-royal rovins had parted, and the fag end was sticking out over the cleat. c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 47 Take one of the robands next to the midship one.., and take the midship roving for a stop. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 583 Rovens, a corruption of rope-bands. 1970 E. J. Marsh Inshore Craft Great Brit. I. Gloss. 270 Rovings (or Robands). Short lines by which a sail is bent to its yard. 2004 M. Wood Sailing Tall ii. 26 I..was responsible for overhauling and renewing lighter running and standing rigging (footropes, shrouds, buntlines, rovings, etc.). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † rovingn.⁵ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rove v.⁶, -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < rove v.⁶ + -ing suffix¹. Obsolete. The action of rove v.⁶ ΚΠ 1850 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. III. 1109 The roving plate..jumps, and appears to fill the stone with minute furrows. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1023/2 Turning or roving is effected by reversing the motion of the stone and holding a hooked flat tool against its edge. Compounds roving plate n. an iron or steel plate held at the top of a grindstone at a slight angle, used to smooth its surface and remove debris. ΚΠ 1850Roving plate [see main sense]. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict.* II. 1023/2 The stone..is afterwards farther smoothed by the roving plate. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). rovingadj. Brit. /ˈrəʊvɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈroʊvɪŋ/ Forms: see rove v.¹ and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rove v.², -ing suffix². Etymology: < rove v.² + -ing suffix². Compare earlier raving adj.¹ 1. Of speech, thought, etc.: moving from one thing to another; treating of many subjects unsystematically; rambling, unstructured; (also) constantly active; restless. ΚΠ 1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 8 To go to the matter alleaged directly without idle twanges, and rouing strauagants from the purpose. 1572 G. Fenton tr. E. Pasquier Monophylo i. f. 3^v Phylopolo..disposed himselfe to talke with a Gentlewoman sitting next him, to whome he made this rouing question. 1645 J. Milton Passion iv, in Poems 17 These latter scenes confine my roving vers. 1752 Gouge's Christian Direct. (new ed.) ii. 14 Tho' roving thoughts, as birds will hover about thee.., yet suffer them not to lodge and nestle in thee. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 525 Their rules of life..prov'd too weak To bind the roving appetite. 1812 G. Crabbe Tales xi. 204 Yet pride still liv'd, and struggled to sustain The drooping spirit, and the roving brain. 1848 A. H. tr. J. P. F. Richter Levana ii. 21 He [sc. the German] prefers steady, slow writing, to quick hither and thither roving speech. 1885 Law Times Rep. 52 586/2 Such a general and roving interrogatory as this should not be allowed. 1947 G. W. Corner Hormones in Human Reprod. (rev. ed.) 12 In illustration of these roving thoughts of poet and scientist, let us return for a moment to the sea-born Cothurnia. 1991 World Press Rev. Oct. 57/2 The rich, roving imagination and nimble fingers of the women of Bengal. 2. Of a manner of doing something, a person's life, etc.: characterized by roving (roving n.¹ 2) or an inclination to rove; esp. (of life, a period of time, etc.) spent roving. Cf. roving n.¹ Compounds b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [adjective] > with no fixed aim or wandering > inclined to or characterized by wandering wancraunt1422 roving1566 runabout1573 wandering1582 vagrant1583 gaddy1637 outward-bound1743 gadabout1753 free-ranging1841 planeticose1849 knockabout1886 picaresque1959 1566 J. Fowler tr. P. Frarinus Oration against Vnlawfull Insurrections Protestantes sig. Dvj They..did reioyce & triumph in their wicked and rouing theeuerie. 1569 W. Samuel Abridgem. Old Test.: 1 Kings xxvii. sig. H.ij He slue of them in rouing wise, and left not one aliue. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Rrr The name not proper to these onely, but common to all those who followed the like roving life. 1725 G. Berkeley Proposal supplying Churches (rev. ed.) 17 The Americans, so long as they continue their wild and roving life. 1821 W. Scott Pirate III. iv. 79 I hope a gentleman of the roving trade has as good a right to have an alias as a stroller. 1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting i. 2 Being of a roving turn of mind, I was placed in the large merchant's office of an ex-M.P., with a view of being fitted for going abroad. 1938 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 30/3 During these roving years, an idea had been taking shape in his mind. 1989 D. Morrow & M. Keyes Conc. Hist. Sport in Canada 213 His roving style of play and his flopping, poke-checking technique became exciting trademarks at a time when conservative, defensive hockey was in vogue. 2008 Staffs. Newslet. (Nexis) 1 May The beginning of the ending of his roving days..was marked when he met his wife-to-be. 3. a. Of a person's eyes, gaze, etc.: moving in changing directions, esp. in appraising or searching for something, spec. with allusion to a tendency to flirt or be constantly looking for new potential sexual or romantic partners, esp. when one is already in a relationship (chiefly in roving eye). Cf. rover n.² 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [adjective] > movements of eye walling1513 rolling1532 roving1567 wandering1578 inconstant1598 loose1603 unrolling1647 voluble1661 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 210 His faire Ianiquette, whom if by any aduenture his roauing eyes did spie at y^e doare, he forgatt not to salute. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D3^v His rouing eie did on the Lady glaunce. View more context for this quotation 1651 J. Reading Guide to Holy City 379 It restraineth the roving eies from seeing that vanity of the world. 1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 23 Nature,..undisguis'd by mimic Art,..spreads Unbounded Beauty to the roving Eye. 1772 W. Jones Poems 29 Maia..Cast on an em'rald ring her roving sight. 1842 R. H. Barham Smuggler's Leap in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 161 He has curling locks, and a roving eye. 1869 P. Fitzgerald Fatal Zero II. iv. 35 That..questing, roving eye..that looks out of the corners sharply. 1901 F. Norris Octopus ii. iii. 380 At last his swiftly roving eyes lighted upon an object, just darker than the grey-brown of the night-ridden land. 1955 ‘P. Dennis’ Auntie Mame v. 118 Some he-whore with the roving eye..who's interested in you for just two things—one of which is money. 1992 K. S. Robinson Red Mars (1993) 332 Once or twice he saw someone flinch from his roving gaze. 2002 Independent on Sunday 29 Sept. (Life Etc. section) 15/1 Despite his roving eye they remained together, and had three daughters and a son. b. Of a person or a person's mind: inclined towards sexual promiscuity or adultery; adulterous; promiscuous. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [adjective] > adulterous spouse-breaka1400 wedlock-breaking?a1400 adulterousa1425 adulterine?1533 adulterate1556 adulterated1592 mechal1608 incestuous1632 roving1692 1692 R. Bourne Contented Cuckold v. 53 Who knows, when married, but his roveing Mind May keep one center and to one prove kind. 1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber xii. 226 The Opera, after one luxurious Season, like the fine Wife of a roving Husband, began to lose its Charms. 1845 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Dec. 418/2 A few should be found, preferring a total absence of all ties, and the perfect indulgence of a roving disposition, in other words, promiscuous concubinage. 1929 Los Angeles Times 20 Sept. ii. 14/4 (headline) Wife divorces roving spouse. 2000 L. Paget How to Give her Absolute Pleasure ii. 26 For those of you roving males..you can also reduce the risk of contracting an STD by limiting your number of sexual partners. 4. a. Esp. of a person or animal: that travels from place to place without fixed route or destination; wandering, roaming; nomadic; (also) marauding. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [adjective] > with no fixed aim or wandering wanderingc1000 erringa1340 waggeringa1382 vagant1382 vagabond1426 erroneousa1464 fugitive1481 wavering1487 vagrantc1522 gadding1545 roaming1566 roving1576 straggling1589 rambling?1609 wagand1614 wheelinga1616 gadling1616 vagring1619 erratical1620 vaguing1627 erratic1656 planetical1656 waif1724 vagrarious1795 stravaiging1825 vagarious1882 pirooting1958 1576 G. Whetstone Rocke of Regard 35 Thy rouing Muse, squares much with his delight. 1591 H. Barrow Plaine Refut. Giffardes Bk. 134 Long it were, and not my purpose in this place, to shewe howe these Pharasee, Sectorie Teachers, these stipendarie rouing predicantes..seduce and distracte the people of the lande. a1631 J. Donne Elegy xix, in R. C. Harmony of Music (1654) 2 Licence my roving hands, and let them goe Behind, before, above, between, below, O my Americka! my New-found-Land! The Kingdom's safest, when by one man man'd. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 432 Imaus.., Whose snowie ridge the roving Tartar bounds. View more context for this quotation 1693 G. Stepney tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires viii. 163 Such Frollicks with his Roving Genius suit On Forreign Theaters to prostitute His Voice and Honour. 1749 S. Johnson Irene i. ii. 10 A roving Soldier seiz'd..A Virgin shining with distinguish'd Charms. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. l. 174 The same life is uniformly pursued by the roving tribes of the desert. 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville I. 29 Roving bands of independent trappers. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) xi. 395 Up this rich plain came the roving Danites from the south. 1936 E. L. Gill First Guide S. Afr. Birds 141 Wattled Starling,..Roving birds, appearing almost anywhere for a time in flocks and disappearing again. 1957 Woman's Day (N.Y.) July 2/1 With his roving camera, he recently followed Henry Adams' French itinerary and took photographs. 1994 K. Kelly Out of Control xiii. 247 Prototype passengerless roving jeeps driven by ‘telepresent’ operators back at the base already zip down real roads. 1999 D. Haslam Manchester, Eng. iii. 74 The famous roving ravers..who would travel from the Haçienda in Manchester to Shelly's in Stoke, to Quadrant Park..in search of the perfect piano anthem. b. Of a person in relation to his or her job: required to travel to various locations; peripatetic. Frequently in roving reporter. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [adjective] > in connection with employment > having a roving commission walking1591 errant1638 roving1826 1826 P. Kenny Diary 9 Sept. in Rec. Amer. Catholic Hist. Soc. Philadelphia (1898) 9 96 I am now informed that the roving Priest, noticed above..is Rev. Shanon..of Lancaster. 1850 D. Lardner Railway Econ. i. 19 The proprietors of a single morning journal are able to maintain agencies..in all the principal cities of Europe, besides roving correspondents wherever the prevalence of war, revolution, or any other public event exerts a local interest. 1860 N.Y. Herald 11 June 1/3 George Fitch, a roving reporter for republican newspapers, sometimes hailing from Michigan and sometimes from Illinois. 1938 E. Waugh Scoop iii. i. 258 (telegram) Will you accept five year contract five thousand year roving correspondent. 1970 A. Sinclair Guevara vi. 71 From 1960 onwards, Che had often served as a roving ambassador for Fidel Castro. 1998 Economist 21 Mar. 153/1 (advt.) The ESCAP roving team of railway experts. c. Sport. Having the freedom or propensity to move about the field of play at will rather than remain in a set position. Cf. roving commission n. 3. ΚΠ 1887 Mercury (Hobart) 25 May Cundy being perhaps the best roving player seen on a Victorian ground for a couple of seasons. 1897 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 21 Feb. 20/1 He, however, never settled down to the regular scrummaging work, and has always been known as a roving forward. 1920 Boston Globe 10 Nov. 10/3 He is a roving player. He will be ready to shift from left tackle to center should the occasion arise. 1960 N.Y. Times 25 Nov. 37/1 A roving backfield role..cast him at each position at one time or another. 2001 M. Breheny & D. Keenan Ultimate Encycl. Gaelic Football & Hurling 48/2 One of the game's great thinkers, Heffernan is credited with perfecting the role of the roving full forward. †5. Made or held on the basis of incomplete information; conjectural. Cf. rove v.² 3a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > conjecture, guessing > [adjective] conjecturative?1541 conjectural1553 opinionate1553 roving1577 opiniative1593 opinionative1610 guessive1628 estimative1659 stochastic1662 stochasticala1688 doxastic1794 divinatorya1856 divinatorial1860 conjectory1884 the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adjective] > random or haphazard uncertain1303 casualc1460 haphazard1576 roving1577 hazardous1585 chanceful1594 firmless1605 random1655 temerarious1660 aleatory1693 contingent1703 unlawed1789 by the way1846 chancy1860 fluky1880 hitty-missy1885 perchance1891 happenchance1905 happenstance1905 willy-nilly1933 1577 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. Ephesians iii. f. 141 Then is it not ynough for vs to haue some rouing knowledge of Christ. 1635 Court Min. E. India Co. (1907) 64 A roving estimate. 1649 C. Walker Anarchia Anglicana 57 By a roaving Accusation shot at randome at me. 1687 P. Rycaut Hist. Turks II. 258 The occasion of this unexpected..resolution caused many roving guesses and opinations of the reasons of it. Compounds †C1. Complementary, as roving-looking adj. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxiii. 220 There was a roving-looking person in a rough great-coat. 1879 F. Carr Tried by Fire II. xxvii. 251 Her eyes were dark as Zara's own; but they were unlike hers in being restless and roving looking. C2. roving blade n. a young man who is free of responsibilities; cf. blade n. 11. ΚΠ 1677 A. Behn Rover Epil. The Banisht Cavaliers! a Roving Blade! A Popish Carnival! a Masquerade! 1763 ‘R. Funnidos’ Donnybrook Tea-house 9 The Prude, the Coquette, the roving Blade, and thoughtless Beau, all make their Appearance. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 122 I shall have the renown of some private quest, which may do me honour as a roving blade. 1886 ‘S. Tytler’ Buried Diamonds xxviii Whatever you like to call my fine, roving blade of a brother-in-law. 1999 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 28 Aug. r4 I ask which of the characters he is, or would like to be, in his new book and he answers Frankie, a roving blade in the grand tradition. roving bridge n. British a canal bridge designed as a continuation of the towpath, allowing a horse towing a boat to cross the canal when the towpath changes sides.In the best known form of roving bridge the horse passes under the bridge after crossing it, thus continuing its journey without being unhitched. ΚΠ 1849 Rep. Commissioners Applic. Iron to Railway Structures 299 Some of the roving bridges over the New Birmingham Canal..are 80 feet long. They have, it is true, but a small load to carry; they are to enable the horses to cross from one side of the canal to the other. 1949 Archit. Rev. 106 13/3 Roving Bridges..carry the towpath itself across from one side of the canal to the other. 2001 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 10 Mar. 30 A footbridge (built by Horseley Iron Works in 1827 and known as a ‘roving bridge’) crosses to the National Indoor Arena. roving sailor n. chiefly English regional any of several creeping or climbing plants; esp. (a) ivy-leaved toadflax, Cymbalaria muralis; (b) creeping saxifrage, Saxifaga stolonifera. ΚΠ 1829 J. P. Cobbett Jrnl. 30 June in Jrnl. Tour in Italy (1830) 295 I saw a small Jig-tree and a bit of the plant called roving sailor growing. 1849 Phytologist 3 622 From its creeping far and wide, by root and seed, it [sc. ivy-leaved toadflax] has gained in this island the name of Roving Jenny or Roving Sailor. 1891 Gardening Illustr. 12 Dec. 558/3 Mother of Thousands or Roving Sailor (Saxifraga sarmentosa), a capital window plant of the earliest possible culture. 1968 Times 8 Aug. 8/4 Roving sailor is one of the country names mentioned by a reader [for ivy-leaved toadflax]. 2005 B. Pleasant Comp. Houseplant Survival Man. 142 Saxifraga stolonifera... Strawberry Begonia, Roving Sailor, Mother of Thousands. roving wiretap n. U.S. a wiretap or wiretap order that relates to an individual rather than to one particular telephone number, email address, etc., allowing all forms of communication used by that individual to be monitored legally. ΚΠ 1987 Georgia Law Rev. 22 59 Section 2518..explicitly governs roving interception of electronic communications as well as roving wiretaps. 1989 San Diego Union 9 Apr. a8/4 Investigators were the first to make use of the ‘roving wiretap’ under new federal laws that permit any telephone or any location used by the target of an investigation. 1998 Human Events 30 Oct. 26 The government will be authorized to conduct ‘roving wiretaps’ that allow law enforcement agencies to tap phones used by or near targeted individuals without obtaining permission to tap specific telephones. 2008 J. W. Whitehead Change Manifesto iii. 72 Law enforcement investigators were also given the authority to use roving wiretaps to listen in on conversations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1479n.²1481n.³1779n.⁴1837n.⁵1850adj.1565
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rovingn.1

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† rovingn.2

rovingn.3

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rovingn.4

† rovingn.5

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rovingadj.

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rovingn.¹

† rovingn.²

rovingn.³

rovingn.⁴

† rovingn.⁵