† ruffyn.¹

Forms: 1500s roofye; Scottish pre-1700 ruffeis (plural), pre-1700 ruffie, pre-1700 ruffy.

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: Ruffin n.¹; ruffian n.

Etymology: Probably partly a variant of Ruffin n.¹, and partly a variant of ruffian n.: compare -y suffix⁶.

Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete.

1. (The name of) a devil or fiend. Also in Ruffy Ragman, Ruffy Tasker. Cf. Ruffin n.¹, ruffian n.In earliest quots. (1502, 1507): a person playing the part of a devil or fiend in the St Nicholas Day festivities.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > [noun]

hell-devileOE

shuckc888

ghosteOE

devilOE

warlockOE

angelOE

unwighta1200

beastc1225

ragmanc1400

Satanasc1426

diabolic1502

ruffy1502

Satan?1545

Avernal?1548

fallen angel?1587

rebel angel1623

deedle1653

blackamoor1663

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > actor > [noun] > actor playing specific type of part

ruffy1502

chorus1561

prologuer1570

prologue1579

turquet1625

woman actor1633

underpart1679

epilogist1716

prologist1716

epiloguizer1748

old man1762

prologuizer1762

buffo1764

extrac1777

jeune premier1817

primo buffo1826

character actor1841

utility man1849

deuteragonist1855

character comedian1857

bit playera1859

utility actor1860

serio-comic1866

juvenile lead1870

serio-comique1870

heavy1880

utility1885

thinker1886

onnagata1889

serio1889

juvenile1890

tritagonist1890

oyama1925

juve1935

1502 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 350 Be the kingis command, to Sanct Nicholais beschop, iij Franch crounis;..to the deblatis and ruffyis, vij s.

1507 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 87 To Sanct Nicholais..xxviij s. To his ruffyis, ix s.

1559 D. Lindsay Dreme in Wks. (1931) I. 285 Sum repentit neuer in thare lyue: Quhairfor, but reuth tha ruffeis did thame ryue.

1568 J. Rowll Cursing l. 131 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 281 Ruffy ragmen [sc. a devil] w^t his taggis Sall ryfe þair sinfull saule in raggis.

1568 J. Rowll Cursing l. 129 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 281 Ruffy tasker w^t his flaill Sall beit þame all fra top to taill.

1599 S. Harsnett Discov. Fraudulent Pract. I. Darrel 308 One of them saying his name was Roofye—‘Thou lyest,’ quoth M. Darrell, ‘that name is common to all spirits.’

1871 Vocab. Sc. Gipsies in Adventures B.-M. Carew 383 Ruffie, the devil.

2. gen. A ruffian.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > ruffianly conduct > ruffian > [noun]

routerc1300

tyrant1377

ruffy?a1513

ruffiana1525

kempy1525

cut-throat1535

slasher1559

cutter1569

hackster1574

hacker1576

cuttle1600

ruffiano1611

bully rook1673

thug1838

Apache1902

ned1910

rough-up1911

goonda1926

hoon1938

messer1942

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > person

tyrant1377

routera1500

termagant1508

ruffy?a1513

ruffiana1525

pander1593

thunderbolt1593

bully1604

ruffiano1611

tearer1633

violentoa1661

boy1662

violent1667

hardhead1774

Arab1788

ring-tailed roarer1828

blood-tub1853

tornado1863

stormer1886

hooligan1898

Apache1902

ned1910

rough-up1911

radge1923

goonda1926

pretty-boy1931

tough baby1932

bad-john1935

hoon1938

shit-kicker1954

tough boy1958

oafo1959

ass-kicker1962

droog1962

trog1983

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 68 Bot quhow is he content or nocht..Wpone this ruffie to remord.

1570 R. Sempill Spur to Lordis (single sheet) Thay Ruffyis be thay neuer sa ryfe Thay get na helpe of France.

1572 R. Sempill Lament. Commounis Scotl. (single sheet) Thay reuthles Ruffeis but reuth with crueltie Did slay my husband.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

ruffyn.²

Brit.

/ˈrʌfi/, U.S.

/ˈrəfi/, Scottish English

/ˈrʌfɪ/

Forms:

α. 1700s– ruffy, 2000s– ruffie.

β. 1800s roughie.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff n.¹, -y suffix⁶.

Etymology: Apparently < ruff n.¹ + -y suffix⁶.The β. forms show remodelling by association with rough adj.

Scottish. Now historical.

A rough light made from a rag wick dipped in tallow; (also) a dried root or the like used as a rude torch. Cf. ruff n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > torch > [noun]

blazec1000

torchc1290

lampa1382

flambec1430

shaft?c1450

cresset1578

brandon?1614

mussal1698

ruffy1793

torch-brand1825

bug1924

1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. IX. 328 When the goodman of the house made family worship, they lighted a ruffy, to enable him to read the psalm..before he prayed.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Ruffy, a wick clogged with tallow, instead of being dipped.

1814 J. Train Let. 19 Dec. in W. Partington Sir. Walter's Post-bag (1932) 109 Fenele ran with a lighted roughie in her hand to place it before the strangers.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xv. 284 Laying the roughies to keep the cauld wind frae you.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Ruffy,..the blaze or torch used in fishing by night with the Lister.

1829 W. Scott Guy Mannering (new ed.) II. xxvi. 264 (note) When dry splinters, or branches, are used as fuel to supply the light for burning the water, as it is called, they are termed, as in the text, Roughies.

1907 J. Horne County Caithness 123 When a brand was needed to show a stranger to his bed in the ‘cellar’,..the root of a decayed fir-tree (called the ‘ruffy’) was lit.

2006 A. Fenton in S. Storrier Sc. Life & Soc. v. 71 A brand of bog fir or a torch made of cotton rags dipped in tallow was known as a ‘ruffie’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ruffy
释义	† ruffyn.¹ Forms: 1500s roofye; Scottish pre-1700 ruffeis (plural), pre-1700 ruffie, pre-1700 ruffy. Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: Ruffin n.¹; ruffian n. Etymology: Probably partly a variant of Ruffin n.¹, and partly a variant of ruffian n.: compare -y suffix⁶. Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete. 1. (The name of) a devil or fiend. Also in Ruffy Ragman, Ruffy Tasker. Cf. Ruffin n.¹, ruffian n.In earliest quots. (1502, 1507): a person playing the part of a devil or fiend in the St Nicholas Day festivities. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > [noun] hell-devileOE shuckc888 ghosteOE devilOE warlockOE angelOE unwighta1200 beastc1225 ragmanc1400 Satanasc1426 diabolic1502 ruffy1502 Satan?1545 Avernal?1548 fallen angel?1587 rebel angel1623 deedle1653 blackamoor1663 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > actor > [noun] > actor playing specific type of part ruffy1502 chorus1561 prologuer1570 prologue1579 turquet1625 woman actor1633 underpart1679 epilogist1716 prologist1716 epiloguizer1748 old man1762 prologuizer1762 buffo1764 extrac1777 jeune premier1817 primo buffo1826 character actor1841 utility man1849 deuteragonist1855 character comedian1857 bit playera1859 utility actor1860 serio-comic1866 juvenile lead1870 serio-comique1870 heavy1880 utility1885 thinker1886 onnagata1889 serio1889 juvenile1890 tritagonist1890 oyama1925 juve1935 1502 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 350 Be the kingis command, to Sanct Nicholais beschop, iij Franch crounis;..to the deblatis and ruffyis, vij s. 1507 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 87 To Sanct Nicholais..xxviij s. To his ruffyis, ix s. 1559 D. Lindsay Dreme in Wks. (1931) I. 285 Sum repentit neuer in thare lyue: Quhairfor, but reuth tha ruffeis did thame ryue. 1568 J. Rowll Cursing l. 131 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 281 Ruffy ragmen [sc. a devil] w^t his taggis Sall ryfe þair sinfull saule in raggis. 1568 J. Rowll Cursing l. 129 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 281 Ruffy tasker w^t his flaill Sall beit þame all fra top to taill. 1599 S. Harsnett Discov. Fraudulent Pract. I. Darrel 308 One of them saying his name was Roofye—‘Thou lyest,’ quoth M. Darrell, ‘that name is common to all spirits.’ 1871 Vocab. Sc. Gipsies in Adventures B.-M. Carew 383 Ruffie, the devil. 2. gen. A ruffian. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > ruffianly conduct > ruffian > [noun] routerc1300 tyrant1377 ruffy?a1513 ruffiana1525 kempy1525 cut-throat1535 slasher1559 cutter1569 hackster1574 hacker1576 cuttle1600 ruffiano1611 bully rook1673 thug1838 Apache1902 ned1910 rough-up1911 goonda1926 hoon1938 messer1942 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > person tyrant1377 routera1500 termagant1508 ruffy?a1513 ruffiana1525 pander1593 thunderbolt1593 bully1604 ruffiano1611 tearer1633 violentoa1661 boy1662 violent1667 hardhead1774 Arab1788 ring-tailed roarer1828 blood-tub1853 tornado1863 stormer1886 hooligan1898 Apache1902 ned1910 rough-up1911 radge1923 goonda1926 pretty-boy1931 tough baby1932 bad-john1935 hoon1938 shit-kicker1954 tough boy1958 oafo1959 ass-kicker1962 droog1962 trog1983 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 68 Bot quhow is he content or nocht..Wpone this ruffie to remord. 1570 R. Sempill Spur to Lordis (single sheet) Thay Ruffyis be thay neuer sa ryfe Thay get na helpe of France. 1572 R. Sempill Lament. Commounis Scotl. (single sheet) Thay reuthles Ruffeis but reuth with crueltie Did slay my husband. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). ruffyn.² Brit. /ˈrʌfi/, U.S. /ˈrəfi/, Scottish English /ˈrʌfɪ/ Forms: α. 1700s– ruffy, 2000s– ruffie. β. 1800s roughie. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: ruff n.¹, -y suffix⁶. Etymology: Apparently < ruff n.¹ + -y suffix⁶.The β. forms show remodelling by association with rough adj. Scottish. Now historical. A rough light made from a rag wick dipped in tallow; (also) a dried root or the like used as a rude torch. Cf. ruff n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > torch > [noun] blazec1000 torchc1290 lampa1382 flambec1430 shaft?c1450 cresset1578 brandon?1614 mussal1698 ruffy1793 torch-brand1825 bug1924 1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. IX. 328 When the goodman of the house made family worship, they lighted a ruffy, to enable him to read the psalm..before he prayed. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Ruffy, a wick clogged with tallow, instead of being dipped. 1814 J. Train Let. 19 Dec. in W. Partington Sir. Walter's Post-bag (1932) 109 Fenele ran with a lighted roughie in her hand to place it before the strangers. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xv. 284 Laying the roughies to keep the cauld wind frae you. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Ruffy,..the blaze or torch used in fishing by night with the Lister. 1829 W. Scott Guy Mannering (new ed.) II. xxvi. 264 (note) When dry splinters, or branches, are used as fuel to supply the light for burning the water, as it is called, they are termed, as in the text, Roughies. 1907 J. Horne County Caithness 123 When a brand was needed to show a stranger to his bed in the ‘cellar’,..the root of a decayed fir-tree (called the ‘ruffy’) was lit. 2006 A. Fenton in S. Storrier Sc. Life & Soc. v. 71 A brand of bog fir or a torch made of cotton rags dipped in tallow was known as a ‘ruffie’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1502n.²1793
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† ruffyn.1

ruffyn.2

† ruffyn.¹

ruffyn.²