| 释义 |
rubbishn.adj.int. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Compare Anglo-Norman robous , robouse , roboise , rubbouse , etc., building rubble, refuse (both 2nd half of the 14th cent.), post-classical Latin rebbussa (1259), rubusium (1292), robousa (1325, 1364), robusum (1373), all in British sources. The post-classical Latin and Anglo-Norman words are attested earlier than the English word, but, since there are no attestations from outside Britain, it is possible that the English word is not a borrowing but a native formation (and that the Latin and Anglo-Norman words are borrowed from it); it could perhaps be related to rubble n., although that word is itself of uncertain origin, and the nature of any relationship between the two is unclear. It has been suggested that the Anglo-Norman noun is derived from Old French reborser to ruffle, to oppose, to retrace one's steps, etc. (see rebours n.), although this presents formal and semantic difficulties. The β. forms show reduction of the vowel in the second syllable of the α. forms. The γ. forms show palatalization of the final /s/ of the β. forms. The δ. forms show excrescent -r- . The ε. forms show affricates in the final syllable, and the ζ. forms apparently show remodelling of the ending after formations in -age suffix. Chiefly British. A. n. 1. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] α. c1400 (Rawl. B. 171) 238 (MED) Þai toke stone, and made þerwiþ þe tour; and miche sande and morter, and olde robons [read robous] þer was lefte. 1428–9 in H. Littlehales (1905) 70 (MED) For ledyng awey of iij cartfull robous & donge xij d. 1480 Wardrobe Accts. Edward IV in N. H. Nicolas (1830) 121 A grete loode of robeux that was left in the strete after the reparacion. 1465–6 in (1841) 323 (MED) Item, for caryage of rubus and donke of the stables, vj d. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) II. f. lxxxixv There in the Rubbusshe & sande of the same [tower] they buryed or conueyed these .iii. Bodyes. 1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli i. vi. f. 118v Let this fylinge or rubbysh of yron become almoste redde. 1620 G. Markham viii. 58 Laying all such rubbish of weedes and other stuffe, which the harrowes shall gather vp in a little round hill. 1670 S. Wilson (new ed.) ii. 122 The old round rubbage of brick which is here..was anciently a fine Fountain. 1791 ‘T. Newte’ 321 This terrace is formed by the rubbage of old houses. 1813 H. Davy vii. 286 The rubbish of mortar from houses. 1866 9 Oct. 273/1 The heat kept in with old-used earth mixed with the weeds and rubbish of prunings. 1932 M. I. Rostovtzeff v. 90 The rubbish of the houses has been carried away and the much damaged skeleton of the temple rises before our eyes. 1996 E. Morgan 261 A deep rubble of stone and fragments of half-melted statues and rubbish of metal and flowers and bread. 2. Material that is considered worthless, unimportant, or of very poor quality; trash. the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless 1548 J. Veron in tr. H. Bullinger sig. Avi Puttyng awaye, by litell and litell the rubbyshe, of vngodly traditions and vayne ceremonis. 1602 J. Marston v. sig. I2v Staind, and trampled on, As worthlesse rubbish of nobilitie. 1655 T. Fuller iii. 75 Otherwise..certainly this Colledg had been swept away, as Rubbish of superstition. 1705 F. Fuller Pref. sig. b4 The removing of the Rubbish of a Vulgar Error. 1742 E. Young 24 Embruted every Faculty divine; Heart-buried in the rubbish of the World. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 345 in Ev'n in the jumbled rubbish of a dream. 1871 E. F. Burr ix The rubbish of exploded scientific theories. 1936 May 10/1 We should set about clearing away the rubbish of race prejudice, inflammable propaganda, and national suspicions in our communities. 1973 E. Muhammad xxi. 93 He must remove all the rubbish of this white man's world educational system. 2000 C. James & U. Connolly vi. 104 The removal of the clutter and rubbish of the social defences that had built up to prevent a full engagement with the primary task. the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless γ. 1566 T. Becon i. f. 24v My righteousnes & iustice, is but rubble and rubbyshe. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. iii. 108 What trash is Rome? What Rubbish, and what Offall? View more context for this quotation a1656 Bp. J. Hall (1660) ii. 17 The body is but meer rubbish to the soul. 1790 A. Young Jrnl. 5 Jan. in (1792) i. 266 Here is a character uncontaminated with that rubbish which we see in so many other men. 1846 W. Greener (new ed.) 214 The consequence is that iron of the most inferior nature, the veriest rubbish is used. 1881 ‘Rita’ I. i. 13 I wonder how people can trouble to send such rubbish. 1955 D. Magarshack tr. F. Dostoevsky ii. iv. 209 This picture here, over the door, also bought for two roubles, isn't rubbish. 1984 July 22 You are a rubbish. Keep your eyes on her face—not on her exposed thighs. 2009 S. Dooley iii. 41 May as well have given her some cheap rubbish from the supermarket if she was going to cook the bejesus out of it. 3. the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > nonsense, rubbish > [noun] γ. a1576 Bp. J. Pilkington (1585) iv. f. 56v The double dealing of wyly wordlings is such, that it is to be feared this popish rubbish will neuer be cleane rubbed of. 1608 T. Draxe 47 The false rubbish, and muddy bookes and writings of Popish schoolemen, and interpreters are iniudiciously & rashly receiued. 1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton xii. 242 From hence to the end of your Book, I find nothing but Rubbish and Trifles. 1734 D. Waterland (1823) V. 102 Others might be named who have gradually..come to reject Christianity itself, as needless and useless, and all revealed religion as mere rubbish. 1838 R. Southey St. Gualberto xxiv, in VI. 201 Dost thou deem the legendary deeds Of saints like this but rubbish, a mere store Of trash, that he flings time away who reads? 1858 E. Bulwer-Lytton i. xvii Vance talked such republican rubbish. 1899 May 539 What is all this rubbish about a spirit-woman staying with the Duchess? 1918 C. Wells i. 21 Give them a jolt, they need it,—talking such rubbish! 1961 T. Dinsdale (1972) vi. 61 Perhaps it was all a lot of rubbish—the misguided chatter of silly people! 2009 P. P. Read 130 You really talk such rubbish, such ignorant rubbish! the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [noun] > song > singing > manner of 1774 (Royal Soc.) 63 258 This robin afterwards sung three parts in four nightingale; and the rest of his song was what the bird-catchers call rubbish, or no particular note whatsoever. B. adj.the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [adjective] > of the nature of the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > paltry, mean, or contemptible 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid iv. f. 6v They heard about them round Of rubbish timbrelles perfectly a hoarce and iarring sownd. 1594 T. Nashe sig. Fijv To stand all his whole life sifting and winnowing dry rubbish chaffe. 1596 T. Nashe sig. Rv The verie excrements of the rubbishest wits that are. 1675 E. Cocker 37 They refine His Rubbish Nature to a Golden Mine. 1722 T. Hearne (1906) VII. 338 Those [coins], too, poor, brass, rubbish Stuff. 1819 W. Cobbett ii. iv. 237 I put on roots of trees or any rubbish wood, till there be a good thickness of strong coals. 1885 Jan. 26 Certain commodities, termed ‘rubbish goods’, such as beads, Nuremberg mirrors, and small bells, also form a species of currency. 1902 B. Millard 40 The manuscript I lent him was no more! Thrown by a zealous flunky to the flames, With other rubbish stuff! 1920 L. C. Money ii. 27 The production of trash is a national misfortune which wastes work, because the rubbish product quickly becomes useless. 1979 M. Boyce 83/2 A side that can be easily beaten..a rubbish side, Bedworth or Nuneaton. 1999 Dec. 27/1 Gregory's Girl was a lyrical, magical ode to the agonies and joys of being a gangly, spotty nerk of a Scottish teenager in love and utterly rubbish at football. C. int. colloquial. the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > nonsense, rubbish > nonsense! [interjection] 1839 S. Lover i. i. 6 Rubbish, your consideration, Mr. T. 1840 H. Cockton xx. 153 Oh, rubbish!—Be off! 1888 H. R. Haggard xli ‘Oh, rubbish,’ said the Colonel. ‘How can a skeleton sit and air himself?’ 1945 N. Streatfeild x. 44 Rubbish, old man, it wouldn't surprise me if at this very moment Gran and her Cook were talking about your tuck box. 1998 R. Stone vi. 55 ‘Oh, rubbish,’ Nuala told him. ‘Of course you're religious. You're the biggest Catholic I ever saw.’ Compounds C1. attributive. a. With the sense ‘composed of, given over to, or used for the collection of rubbish’. Also figurative and in figurative contexts. 1851 H. Mayhew II. 287/1 The rubbish-ballast..was only 3d. to 6d. a ton. 1908 Nov. 34/1 When the deep tanks are not fitted it becomes necessary at times to carry shingle or other rubbish ballast. 1839 J. Birch tr. J. W. von Goethe 34 It is a pitiful affair! From which the mind recoils at the first view—A rubbish-bin—a lumber-room. 1888 9 May 4/2 Not allowing this country to become the rubbish-bin of European labourers. 1919 June 852/2 Rumpled programs left in the seats by the patrons of one theater are no longer swept into the rubbish bin. 2004 9 Aug. 7/1 Householders will be charged for ‘unsorted waste’ dumped in rubbish bins as an incentive to recycle paper, glass, cardboard and other reusable materials. 1851 H. Mayhew II. 286/2 Rubbish shoots. 1892 May 4 We are under no moral or international obligation to hold this country as a dumping-ground for the European rubbish shute. 1901 Apr. 296/2 A tiny household, with gas stove, white enameled sink, a jewel of a pantry, a rubbish chute and a couple of set tubs. 1999 19 Oct. (Life & Times section) 7/1 An old flat where rubbish chutes are not available so residents throw their waste out of the window instead of taking it to the bin point. 1892 VII. 212 He in the first flush of official zeal takes the gloss off his virgin broom by attacking our rubbish dump. 1976 ‘W. Trevor’ iii. 72 It's hardly irrelevant that the country for which men were prepared to give their lives has become a rubbish dump. 1994 21 Feb. ii. 11/1 He gets beaten up by local skinheads and left for dead on a rubbish dump. 1823 F. Henniker iv. 34 We saw other rubbish mounds, but were informed that there were not even stones there. 1864 W. W. Skeat tr. J. L. Uhland 82 So many a right may prove our own, Long hid beneath some rubbish-mound. 1995 R. Alston i. 8 Most of the papyri were discovered in the rubbish mounds of the city. 1836 (Baptist ed.) II. 602/1 (note) In transl. ‘dunghill’ the Sept. intended a rubbish pile, an ignoble and unclean spot. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ xxxvii. 316 The rubbage-pile in the back yard. 2000 18 Oct. i. 13/8 Its natural habitat is in abandoned buildings and rubbish piles. 1839 A. Ure 852 Schist proper for the construction of the rubbish-terraces. 1954 28 245 The ceramics dealt with this time are found in the ‘Schutthügel’, a huge rubbish-terrace, originally extending over 200m. 1847 6 319 What waste of human breath and sweat it must have taken to dig the shale which forms these rubbish-tips! 1922 J. Joyce ii. xv. [Circe] 409 On a step a gnome totting among a rubbishtip crouches to shoulder a sack of rags and bones. 2003 N. Rush xiv. 154 They were destitutes who lived at, and, actually, on the municipal rubbish tip. b. Objective. 1851 H. Mayhew II. 288/1 The summer..is the ‘brisk season’ of rubbish-cartage. 1998 (Nexis) 10 Dec. 27 (headline) Rubbish cartage figures disputed. 1764 23–25 Oct. 398/3 Stephen Junks, known by the name of Stick-in-the-mud, a rubbish-carter, went into a house in Kent-street, and drank near three pints of gin for a wager. 1851 H. Mayhew II. 293/1 A brief description of the rubbish-carter, and the scene of his labours. 2001 P. King i. 10 Each town..had its system of ‘petty officers’ with specific duties—constables of the peace, ale tasters, scavengers, rubbish carters. 1870 15 Oct. 504/3 Master of rubbish-clearers' profit. 1969 11 July 4/4 They must be the smartest looking rubbish clearers in the business. 1993 (Nexis) 28 Sept. He considers himself a jack of all trades—‘ranger, caretaker, rubbish-clearer, fire warden, impounding officer’. 1858 H. Mayhew iv. 180 These Ojibbeway-like, crackjaw titles, if rendered into English, would sound about as rational to plain British ears as would the designation of ‘Mr. Purveyor-of-Asses'-Milk-to-the-Royal-Family Dawkins,’ or ‘Mr. Dust-and-Rubbish-Collector-to-the-United-Parishes-of-St.-Pancras-and-Mary-le-bone Gore’. 1859 25 Jan. 2/5 An attempt to introduce an improved system of cleansing, which would have interfered with the labour of chiffonniers, or rubbish collectors, was once made the occasion of riots. 1965 F. Sargeson iii. 47 It was said that one [absent-minded scholar] had arrived at the college with his household rubbish after leaving his umbrella outside his gate to be collected by the rubbish-collector. 1991 29 June 52/1 Dishevelled in their rags, abuzz with flies and stinking of rotting rubbish, Cairo's rubbish collectors..have never found it easy to find friends. 1877 1 Feb. 7/4 Leeds authorities are about, I hope, to take a wise step in the right direction in this question of rubbish disposal. 1942 A. Wolman et al. iv. 38/1 Certain American cities, notably New York, have had marked success in the use of the so-called sanitary or land fill for rubbish disposal. 2002 M. McGrath (2003) xxi. 225 It's the same story across the East End—reductions in bus services, clinics, libraries, schools, rubbish disposal, housing services, street sweeping, the lot. 1912 (Women's Munic. League Boston) Mar.–Apr. 31 Converting vacant lots, unsightly from rubbish-dumping, into produce gardens. 1937 E. Blunden 84 By mysterious law each place Where Nature looks most gentle and glad Attracts the rubbish-dumping race. 1993 8/1 For many years the Birmingham and Black Country Waterway has suffered from the problems of rubbish dumping and large scale littering. 2008 (Nexis) 17 Oct. 4 A crackdown on Dannevirke's rubbish-dumping miscreants is on the cards. 1851 H. Mayhew II. 289/1 The Rubbish-Shovellers, or ‘gangers’. c. Instrumental. 1839 C. R. Pemberton Let. 7 May in (1843) 466 Crushed halls, rubbish-filled and encumbered chambers. 1954 W. Faulkner 385 The corporal's body..went over backward..onto the edge of the rubbish-filled trench behind it. 2006 K. Arthur iii. 38 The room was small, shabby, and rubbish-filled. C2. 1811 tr. Marquise de Sévigné (new ed.) VI. dclxxvii. 201 I do not think I am yet thrown into the rubbish-bag. 1855 15 Sept. 5/4 The aunt of the boy..found the silk handkerchiefs..secreted in a rubbish bag in the garret. 1912 29 Apr. 10/3 Every woman marcher might carry a convenient waste paper or rubbish bag for discarded circulars. 1998 C. Chidgey (2000) 12 Clifford's clothes have been sorted into boxes and rubbish bags for the Salvation Army and for the tip. 1883 28 Sept. 3/3 There are many defects formerly pointed out to the Authority, namely, inefficient trapping of drains,..and ancient rubbish collections of every kind. 1905 Oct. 173/2 The system of separate rubbish collection and disposal assists the collection and disposal of the other city wastes. 1928 32 75 In a rubbish collection was found a great quantity of table pottery. 2008 J. Burchill in J. Burchill & C. Newkey-Burden 161 We contemplate the likely end of weekly rubbish collections and the vermin-fest that seems likely to follow. 1632 J. Vicars tr. Virgil ix. 280 From all parts clamours rise, assaults are made, With rubbish heaps the dikes are levell laid. 1767 J. Abercrombie 335 Clear the beds very well from weeds and all litter, and carry the whole out to the rubbish heap. 1878 12 12 In the failures to ‘adjust’—in the rubbish-heap, according to Spenser—lies, for them, the real key to the truth. c1887 M. W. Jones iii. 11 Lay out nine cards in three rows; then proceed to form a rubbish-heap. 1932 R. Kipling 299 He very rarely went down into what had now become a rubbish-heap. 1959 ‘C. Fremlin’ iv. 33 The five of spades would have to go on the rubbish heap after all. 1988 J. Kincaid 30 One of those smart people who..now, since the demise of the empire, have nothing to do; they look so sad, sitting on the rubbish heap of history. 2006 C. Mandell tr. B.-H. Lévy (U.K. ed.) iii. 103 A group..of blacks were sleeping half naked near a rubbish heap. society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > low price or rate > [noun] > very low price 1843 July 372 The ground was bought and paid for; the old buildings disposed of for a mere old rubbish price.] 1876 30 Sept. 54/1 I sha'ant sell it for rubbish price! 1894 19 Dec. 11/4 At the present time they thought sales undesirable, as it rarely paid to throw away stock at rubbish prices. 2006 (Nexis) 8 Dec. (ES Mag.) 24 No attempt had then succeeded in pushing back to 1933 the starting date for Jewish claims of duress sales at rubbish prices. 1863 (Appleby Bros.) 38 Rubbish wheels, Whip Gins, or Monkey Wheels, with Frames and Hooks complete. 1904 P. N. Hasluck i. 12 The simplest element in lifting tackle is the common gin-block, rubbish pulley, or monkey wheel. society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > second-hand shop 1833 (Amer. ed.) 1 441/1 The rubbish shop placards ‘Dripping bought here’, as a trap to cookmaids. 1852 W. M. Wylie 16 I have seen some of the beads, bosses of shields, &c. which had found their way to the rubbish-shops of Cheltenham and Cirencester. 1908 D. Sladen 255 The tarboosh shop, and the Japanese rubbish shop—labelled Au Japon. 2009 T. C. Boyle i. ii. 42 Leora's lamp, a hand-me-down, rubbish from the rubbish shop, no antique. 1869 T. Eakins Let. 7 May in (2009) iv. 254 You could not sell such a picture in an old rubbish store in Paris for 3 francs. 1872 C. Schreiber 14 Apr. (1911) I. 156 He took us to a rubbish store.., from which we got nothing but a ‘Davenport’ plate. 1992 (Nexis) 27 Oct. 1 c His daily tour takes him to antique and rubbish stores up and down High Street, whose owners pay him for his goods. 1805 W. Taylor in J. W. Robberds (1843) II. 107 Style which resembles what the masons call rubbish-walling, where fragments of anciently hewn and sculptured stone are built in with modern brick-bats and the pebbles of the soil. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rubbishv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rubbish n. Etymology: < rubbish n. Not used in North America. the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > reclaim [verb (transitive)] > clear land > in forest c1602 G. Archer Relation Gosnols Voy. in S. Purchas (1625) IV. viii. x. 1649 We laboured in getting of Sassafrage, rubbishing our little Fort or Islet, new keeling our shallop. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > disparage or depreciate [verb (transitive)] 1953 T. A. G. Hungerford ii. 20 If Verity was going to tramp you for burning the tucker..he would have rubbished you long before this. 1965 26 Feb. 13 I knocked him down and I hope he dies. He rubbished me to a mate of mine. 1972 16 Oct. 8/1 This live show had a live and participating audience; so Hockney got briefly rubbished the moment his film ended. 1999 D. Haslam 262 A war of words blew up between the club and various police spokesmen, who phoned local papers rubbishing the club's management. 2003 S. Brown 116 They rubbished the suggestion that it was a cheap publicity stunt. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > surf [verb (transitive)] > tip surfer off wave 1962 24 Oct. (Suppl.) 3/3 Rubbished, to be thrown off wave and dumped on shore. 1963 22 Sept. 84/5 The fate the board rider dreads is the ‘wipe out’. This is when he is ‘rubbished’ or tipped violently off a wave. 1971 (Univ. Cape Town) Feb. 28 A Cape Town surfer many also say ‘I got rubbished’, whence the name of the inmost break at Gansbaai, which is called Dustbin. Derivatives 1977 22 Jan. 14/3 To that extent the much rubbished figures of the CES are consistent with the quite independently determined estimates of the Bureau of Statistics. 2001 D. Streatfeild (2003) xiii. 340 The Hitz Report..had vindicated the long-rubbished Kerry Report. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.int.c1400 v.c1602 |
