rubicundadj.

Brit.

/ˈruːbɪk(ə)nd/,

/ˈruːbɪkʌnd/, U.S.

/ˈrubəkənd/

Forms: late Middle English rubicunde, 1500s rubicond, 1500s rubicound, 1500s rubygunde, 1500s– rubicund; Scottish pre-1700 rubecund, pre-1700 rubicound, pre-1700 rubricound (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 rubycund, pre-1700 1700s– rubicund.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rubicundus.

Etymology: < classical Latin rubicundus ruddy, flushed, reddish, red, either < rubēre to be red (see rubent adj.) + -cundus (in e.g. secundus second adj.) or < rubibundus (recorded in post-classical Latin (6th cent. in a grammarian) as a rejected form; < rubēre + -bundus , suffix forming verbal adjectives), with dissimilation of -b- . Compare Middle French, French rubicond (c1400 in sense 1, 1640 in sense 2; rare before the 17th cent.), Spanish rubicundo (first half of the 15th cent.), Portuguese rubicundo (16th cent.), Italian rubicondo (1308).

1. Of a thing: reddish in colour, tending to redness; red.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > reddish

reddisha1398

rubicund?a1425

ruddish1563

ruddyish1651

rubid1654

rutilous1654

flushy1706

rubescent1731

rufescent1802

rubedinous1845

rufulous1883

pyrrhous1890

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 28^v (MED) Colre..naturale is an humour callidus & siccus, subtile in substance, rubicunde [L. rubicundus], i. rede, in colour declinant to som maner citrinez.

?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. aa.viii^v Rubyes moost pure and rubicound.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. 68 Quhois blisfull branschis..With schaddoys schene schew rochis rubicund.

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xxxvii. 127 The inflammation waxeth worse, it [sc. the urine] is more rubicund.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 8032 The riuer..As rubecund rois all of reid blude ran.

1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 65 The chyle..meeting with the blood is dasht with a rubicund colour.

1671 J. Webster Metallographia xxv. 309 Of pure Minium, or native Cinnober he had two sorts; one rubicund, like the crude Ore of red silver.

1728 Velvet Coffee-woman 42 The furious Priest (who exposed to all that came near him those rubicund frizzled Locks, as a glorious Trophy of his triumphant Atchievement).

1769 L. Mardon Eng. Malady Removed Introd. p. xxviii To the rubicund strained liquor which will be like claret wine, add syrup of raspberries and syrup of mulberries.

1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 9 62 Hazlitt I own is not pale, because of his rubicund swan-drops.

1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (new ed.) xliv. 333 A very rubicund sun at length began to struggle through the dull leaden clouds.

1888 A. N. Simpson Parish Patches 139 When more of them [sc. strawberries] come, peeping rubicund and bright from amid the trailing leaves, the dinner table is honeyed for a season.

1912 Eng. Jrnl. 1 13 Some would hurl the rubicund missile [sc. a red ink botttle] at the heretic who questions the divinity of the god of things as they are.

1973 G. N. Gordon & I. A. Falk War of Ideas i. i. 23 Little in history..contravenes this record, too open and awe-inspiring for literate persons to read with rubicund tinted spectacles.

1995 M. Amis Information (1996) 249 From the country, where everything was good: the sack of wheat, the rubicund apple-rack.

a. Of the face, complexion, etc.: reddish, flushed, highly coloured, esp. as the result of overindulgence in food and drink.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [adjective] > of face > with good living

rubicund1575

brandy-burnt1838

rubiferous1841

brandy-faced1861

1575 W. Patten Cal. Script. Printer vnto Rdr. sig. Aii This fyrst Namer hym selfe, foormed out of ruddy clay, and thearby endued with the purest of complexions (as we tearm them) Rubicund or Sanguine, had hym selfe first to name in the Hebru (the fyrst of langages) Adam.

1580 P. Hume Promine 57 in D. Laing Sel. Remains (1885) Fair Phebus, or vtherwayis the sone,..schew his radious visage rubicound.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Rubicund, Blood-red. Said of a jolly red countenance coloured with Wine.

1766 T. Smollett Trav. France & Italy ii. 12 A sleepy eye, a rubicund face, and carbuncled nose.

1798 H. M. Williams Tour Switzerland I. 195 It was evident from their rubicund faces and sparkling looks.

1807 F. Douce Illustr. Shakspeare I. 58 Falstaff alludes to Pistol's rubicund nose, which..carried fire in it.

1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings II. li. 100 I found that my rubicund complexion was something uncommon among these dark-skinned Orientals.

1867 L. M. Child Miria xxvi. 317 His face, usually rubicund.., became redder.

1907 R. Muther Hist. Mod. Painting II. xx. 173 A sly old fox with a furrowed, rubicund visage and huge ears, who roves about more to the terror of love-making couples than of poachers.

1948 M. Irwin Elizabeth, Captive Princess xxi. 180 Who was he, the tall burly elderly fellow with the rubicund face, now slightly purplish?

2004 C. Lynn Leg Spread v. 97 His face was rubicund, and he reminded me of a cartoon figure where you could see the steam shooting from his ears.

b. Of a person: having a ruddy complexion; red-faced, esp. as the result of overindulgence in food and drink. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [adjective] > with good living

hot-livered1594

rubicund1605

1605 J. Dove Confut. Atheisme xiv. 93 If a man do but behold the face of heauen, the Moone looketh pale and wan, Mars lesse rubicund, Sol lesse orient, Iupiter not of so amiable and fauourable countenance, [etc.].

1640 H. Glapthorne Wit in Constable ii. sig. C4^v Most rubicund, stelliferous splendant Ladyes.

1684 J. Browne Adenochoiradelogia i. xii. 199 Finding the Patient Rubicund and Plethorick.

1789 R. Broome Lett. Simpkin the Second (new ed.) i. i. 5 The rubicund Sheridan follows the third, The opposer of Pitt and the Treasury Board.

1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. vii. 50 The attics..were thronged with rubicund damsels.

1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am xv A room as portly, rubicund, and pompous as its owner.

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. ii. 60 One was a rather short, rubicund, serenely beaming person.

1932 ‘B. Ross’ Trag. of Y i. i. 36 An astonishingly rubicund and pot-bellied little man, swathed in a spotless white apron tied high around the barrel of his waist.

1976 A. MacLean Golden Gate v. 116 Now Hagenbach was regarding Admiral Newson and General Carter, the former plump and rubicund, the latter tall and lean.

2002 S. Brett Torso in Town (2003) xi. 90 Framed on the walls were..prints of..rubicund Dickensian coachmen cheerily flicking whips over their enthusiastic horses.

Derivatives

ˈrubicundly adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adverb]

rubicundly1599

redly1604

ruddily1647

fierily1824

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 187/1 Decocte it agayne till such time as it wexeth rubicundlye colourede.

1877 A. Z. Gray Mexico as it Is (1878) viii. 74 We were well on our way before ‘old Sol’ condescended to rise and beam rubicundly on the sleeping snows of Popocatepetl.

1997 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 16 Dec. 17 All was rubicundly jolly until..Santa's drunken helper..lunged forward and struck his foe.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rubicund
释义	rubicundadj. Brit. /ˈruːbɪk(ə)nd/, /ˈruːbɪkʌnd/, U.S. /ˈrubəkənd/ Forms: late Middle English rubicunde, 1500s rubicond, 1500s rubicound, 1500s rubygunde, 1500s– rubicund; Scottish pre-1700 rubecund, pre-1700 rubicound, pre-1700 rubricound (perhaps transmission error), pre-1700 rubycund, pre-1700 1700s– rubicund. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin rubicundus. Etymology: < classical Latin rubicundus ruddy, flushed, reddish, red, either < rubēre to be red (see rubent adj.) + -cundus (in e.g. secundus second adj.) or < rubibundus (recorded in post-classical Latin (6th cent. in a grammarian) as a rejected form; < rubēre + -bundus , suffix forming verbal adjectives), with dissimilation of -b- . Compare Middle French, French rubicond (c1400 in sense 1, 1640 in sense 2; rare before the 17th cent.), Spanish rubicundo (first half of the 15th cent.), Portuguese rubicundo (16th cent.), Italian rubicondo (1308). 1. Of a thing: reddish in colour, tending to redness; red. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > reddish reddisha1398 rubicund?a1425 ruddish1563 ruddyish1651 rubid1654 rutilous1654 flushy1706 rubescent1731 rufescent1802 rubedinous1845 rufulous1883 pyrrhous1890 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 28^v (MED) Colre..naturale is an humour callidus & siccus, subtile in substance, rubicunde [L. rubicundus], i. rede, in colour declinant to som maner citrinez. ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. aa.viii^v Rubyes moost pure and rubicound. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. 68 Quhois blisfull branschis..With schaddoys schene schew rochis rubicund. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. xxxvii. 127 The inflammation waxeth worse, it [sc. the urine] is more rubicund. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 8032 The riuer..As rubecund rois all of reid blude ran. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 65 The chyle..meeting with the blood is dasht with a rubicund colour. 1671 J. Webster Metallographia xxv. 309 Of pure Minium, or native Cinnober he had two sorts; one rubicund, like the crude Ore of red silver. 1728 Velvet Coffee-woman 42 The furious Priest (who exposed to all that came near him those rubicund frizzled Locks, as a glorious Trophy of his triumphant Atchievement). 1769 L. Mardon Eng. Malady Removed Introd. p. xxviii To the rubicund strained liquor which will be like claret wine, add syrup of raspberries and syrup of mulberries. 1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 9 62 Hazlitt I own is not pale, because of his rubicund swan-drops. 1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (new ed.) xliv. 333 A very rubicund sun at length began to struggle through the dull leaden clouds. 1888 A. N. Simpson Parish Patches 139 When more of them [sc. strawberries] come, peeping rubicund and bright from amid the trailing leaves, the dinner table is honeyed for a season. 1912 Eng. Jrnl. 1 13 Some would hurl the rubicund missile [sc. a red ink botttle] at the heretic who questions the divinity of the god of things as they are. 1973 G. N. Gordon & I. A. Falk War of Ideas i. i. 23 Little in history..contravenes this record, too open and awe-inspiring for literate persons to read with rubicund tinted spectacles. 1995 M. Amis Information (1996) 249 From the country, where everything was good: the sack of wheat, the rubicund apple-rack. 2. a. Of the face, complexion, etc.: reddish, flushed, highly coloured, esp. as the result of overindulgence in food and drink. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [adjective] > of face > with good living rubicund1575 brandy-burnt1838 rubiferous1841 brandy-faced1861 1575 W. Patten Cal. Script. Printer vnto Rdr. sig. Aii This fyrst Namer hym selfe, foormed out of ruddy clay, and thearby endued with the purest of complexions (as we tearm them) Rubicund or Sanguine, had hym selfe first to name in the Hebru (the fyrst of langages) Adam. 1580 P. Hume Promine 57 in D. Laing Sel. Remains (1885) Fair Phebus, or vtherwayis the sone,..schew his radious visage rubicound. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Rubicund, Blood-red. Said of a jolly red countenance coloured with Wine. 1766 T. Smollett Trav. France & Italy ii. 12 A sleepy eye, a rubicund face, and carbuncled nose. 1798 H. M. Williams Tour Switzerland I. 195 It was evident from their rubicund faces and sparkling looks. 1807 F. Douce Illustr. Shakspeare I. 58 Falstaff alludes to Pistol's rubicund nose, which..carried fire in it. 1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings II. li. 100 I found that my rubicund complexion was something uncommon among these dark-skinned Orientals. 1867 L. M. Child Miria xxvi. 317 His face, usually rubicund.., became redder. 1907 R. Muther Hist. Mod. Painting II. xx. 173 A sly old fox with a furrowed, rubicund visage and huge ears, who roves about more to the terror of love-making couples than of poachers. 1948 M. Irwin Elizabeth, Captive Princess xxi. 180 Who was he, the tall burly elderly fellow with the rubicund face, now slightly purplish? 2004 C. Lynn Leg Spread v. 97 His face was rubicund, and he reminded me of a cartoon figure where you could see the steam shooting from his ears. b. Of a person: having a ruddy complexion; red-faced, esp. as the result of overindulgence in food and drink. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > redness > [adjective] > with good living hot-livered1594 rubicund1605 1605 J. Dove Confut. Atheisme xiv. 93 If a man do but behold the face of heauen, the Moone looketh pale and wan, Mars lesse rubicund, Sol lesse orient, Iupiter not of so amiable and fauourable countenance, [etc.]. 1640 H. Glapthorne Wit in Constable ii. sig. C4^v Most rubicund, stelliferous splendant Ladyes. 1684 J. Browne Adenochoiradelogia i. xii. 199 Finding the Patient Rubicund and Plethorick. 1789 R. Broome Lett. Simpkin the Second (new ed.) i. i. 5 The rubicund Sheridan follows the third, The opposer of Pitt and the Treasury Board. 1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham I. vii. 50 The attics..were thronged with rubicund damsels. 1880 M. E. Braddon Just as I Am xv A room as portly, rubicund, and pompous as its owner. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. ii. 60 One was a rather short, rubicund, serenely beaming person. 1932 ‘B. Ross’ Trag. of Y i. i. 36 An astonishingly rubicund and pot-bellied little man, swathed in a spotless white apron tied high around the barrel of his waist. 1976 A. MacLean Golden Gate v. 116 Now Hagenbach was regarding Admiral Newson and General Carter, the former plump and rubicund, the latter tall and lean. 2002 S. Brett Torso in Town (2003) xi. 90 Framed on the walls were..prints of..rubicund Dickensian coachmen cheerily flicking whips over their enthusiastic horses. Derivatives ˈrubicundly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adverb] rubicundly1599 redly1604 ruddily1647 fierily1824 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 187/1 Decocte it agayne till such time as it wexeth rubicundlye colourede. 1877 A. Z. Gray Mexico as it Is (1878) viii. 74 We were well on our way before ‘old Sol’ condescended to rise and beam rubicundly on the sleeping snows of Popocatepetl. 1997 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 16 Dec. 17 All was rubicundly jolly until..Santa's drunken helper..lunged forward and struck his foe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.?a1425
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