rubidiumn.

Brit.

/ruːˈbɪdɪəm/,

/rᵿˈbɪdɪəm/, U.S.

/ruˈbɪdiəm/

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Rubidium.

Etymology: < German Rubidium (R. Bunsen 1861, in Ann. der Chem. 119 107) < classical Latin rubidus red (see rubid adj.) + German -ium -ium suffix. The element is so named in allusion to the two red lines in its spectrum; compare caesium n., which shows a similar semantic motivation. Compare French rubidium (1861; < German).

A soft, silvery chemical element of the alkali metal group, atomic number 37. Symbol Rb.First identified spectroscopically, rubidium is a trace constituent of various (esp. potassium-containing) minerals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > rubidium > [noun]

rubidium1861

1861 H. E. Roscoe in Notices Proc. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 3 326 A few days ago the speaker received a letter from Bunsen, which contains the following most interesting information:—‘The substance which I sent you as impure tartrate of Cæsium contains a second new alkaline metal... I propose to call the new metal “Rubidium”.’

1885 G. L. Goodale in A. Gray & G. L. Goodale Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) II. ii. viii. 256 Cæsium and Rubidium have been detected by the spectroscope in minute amounts in many plants.

1912 J. W. Mellor Mod. Inorg. Chem. xix. 359 Metallic rubidium is prepared by heating an intimate mixture of the carbonate with finely divided carbon.

1946 Nature 2 Mar. 269/1 Minerals richest in rubidium are the lithia micas (lepidolites) which quite frequently contain as much as 2–3 per cent Rb₂O.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 705/3 Rubidium..is second only to cesium as a proposed working fluid in plasma propulsion for deep-space probes.

2003 New Yorker 16 June 118/1 I longed to get my hands on a bit of pure selenium or rubidium, because who else had pure selenium or rubidium in their home?

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective.

ΚΠ

1861 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 21 498 The hydrated oxide..is prepared in a similar manner to the corresponding rubidium compound.

1862 H. E. Roscoe tr. R. Bunsen in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 24 46 (heading) On the preparation of the rubidium compounds.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 809/1 The rubidium salts are generally colourless, mostly soluble in water and isomorphous with the corresponding potassium salts.

1950 F. E. Zeuner Dating Past (ed. 2) x. 334 Other minerals like hydrothermal microclines, pollucite, and rubidium-rich varieties of muscovite, may in due course become important.

1950 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) X. 637/2 Rubidium Sulphate, Rb₂SO₄, forms rhombic crystals.

1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth ii. 44/2 A small amount [of strontium] is usually also incorporated into calcium-poor, rubidium-bearing potassium minerals.

2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) iv. 148 Strontium is produced by radioactive decay of a rubidium isotope.

C2.

rubidium–strontium n. (attributive) designating a method of isotopic dating based on the measurement of the relative amounts in rock of rubidium-87 and its stable beta-decay product, strontium-87; of or relating to this dating method.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [adjective] > branches of chronology or methods of dating

geochronological1815

synchronological1836

Montelian1937

rubidium–strontium1941

dendrochronological1959

age-dated1984

1941 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 52 536 (heading) Rubidium-strontium method.

1950 F. E. Zeuner Dating Past (ed. 2) x. 334 Minerals suitable for the rubidium/strontium method must be rich in Rb and free from non-radiogenic Sr.

1961 Times 25 Apr. 2/6 The Department..is at present using both the potassium-argon and rubidium-strontium methods.

1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 184/2 Rubidium-strontium and uranium-lead measurements conclusively show that all these rocks were formed between about 3700 and 3800 million years ago.

2001 J. Powell Myst. Terra Firma iii. 49 The rubidium-strontium decay system is simpler than uranium-lead, and the principles are the same.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rubidium
释义	rubidiumn. Brit. /ruːˈbɪdɪəm/, /rᵿˈbɪdɪəm/, U.S. /ruˈbɪdiəm/ Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Rubidium. Etymology: < German Rubidium (R. Bunsen 1861, in Ann. der Chem. 119 107) < classical Latin rubidus red (see rubid adj.) + German -ium -ium suffix. The element is so named in allusion to the two red lines in its spectrum; compare caesium n., which shows a similar semantic motivation. Compare French rubidium (1861; < German). A soft, silvery chemical element of the alkali metal group, atomic number 37. Symbol Rb.First identified spectroscopically, rubidium is a trace constituent of various (esp. potassium-containing) minerals. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > rubidium > [noun] rubidium1861 1861 H. E. Roscoe in Notices Proc. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 3 326 A few days ago the speaker received a letter from Bunsen, which contains the following most interesting information:—‘The substance which I sent you as impure tartrate of Cæsium contains a second new alkaline metal... I propose to call the new metal “Rubidium”.’ 1885 G. L. Goodale in A. Gray & G. L. Goodale Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) II. ii. viii. 256 Cæsium and Rubidium have been detected by the spectroscope in minute amounts in many plants. 1912 J. W. Mellor Mod. Inorg. Chem. xix. 359 Metallic rubidium is prepared by heating an intimate mixture of the carbonate with finely divided carbon. 1946 Nature 2 Mar. 269/1 Minerals richest in rubidium are the lithia micas (lepidolites) which quite frequently contain as much as 2–3 per cent Rb₂O. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 705/3 Rubidium..is second only to cesium as a proposed working fluid in plasma propulsion for deep-space probes. 2003 New Yorker 16 June 118/1 I longed to get my hands on a bit of pure selenium or rubidium, because who else had pure selenium or rubidium in their home? Compounds C1. General attributive and objective. ΚΠ 1861 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 21 498 The hydrated oxide..is prepared in a similar manner to the corresponding rubidium compound. 1862 H. E. Roscoe tr. R. Bunsen in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 24 46 (heading) On the preparation of the rubidium compounds. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 809/1 The rubidium salts are generally colourless, mostly soluble in water and isomorphous with the corresponding potassium salts. 1950 F. E. Zeuner Dating Past (ed. 2) x. 334 Other minerals like hydrothermal microclines, pollucite, and rubidium-rich varieties of muscovite, may in due course become important. 1950 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) X. 637/2 Rubidium Sulphate, Rb₂SO₄, forms rhombic crystals. 1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth ii. 44/2 A small amount [of strontium] is usually also incorporated into calcium-poor, rubidium-bearing potassium minerals. 2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) iv. 148 Strontium is produced by radioactive decay of a rubidium isotope. C2. rubidium–strontium n. (attributive) designating a method of isotopic dating based on the measurement of the relative amounts in rock of rubidium-87 and its stable beta-decay product, strontium-87; of or relating to this dating method. ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [adjective] > branches of chronology or methods of dating geochronological1815 synchronological1836 Montelian1937 rubidium–strontium1941 dendrochronological1959 age-dated1984 1941 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 52 536 (heading) Rubidium-strontium method. 1950 F. E. Zeuner Dating Past (ed. 2) x. 334 Minerals suitable for the rubidium/strontium method must be rich in Rb and free from non-radiogenic Sr. 1961 Times 25 Apr. 2/6 The Department..is at present using both the potassium-argon and rubidium-strontium methods. 1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 184/2 Rubidium-strontium and uranium-lead measurements conclusively show that all these rocks were formed between about 3700 and 3800 million years ago. 2001 J. Powell Myst. Terra Firma iii. 49 The rubidium-strontium decay system is simpler than uranium-lead, and the principles are the same. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1861
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