sachemn.

Brit.

/ˈseɪtʃəm/,

/ˈsatʃəm/, U.S.

/ˈseɪtʃəm/,

/ˈsætʃəm/

Forms:

α. 1600s sachim, 1600s sachum, 1600s sogum, 1600s– sachem, 1800s saquem.

β. 1600s sachama, 1600s sachema.

Origin: A borrowing from Massachusett. Etymon: Massachusett sontim.

Etymology: < Massachusett sontim (pronounced /sʌ̃tʲəm/), cognate with e.g. Unami Delaware sa:kí:ma and Eastern Abenaki sὰkəmα ( > sagamore n.) < an Algonquian base of uncertain sense and origin (also reflected in Massachusett sonksq queen: see sunk squaw n.). Compare earlier sagamore n.The form sogum at α. forms appears in a diary of ?1614, preserved (with some confusion of punctuation) in a late 17th-cent. copy; the g is apparently intended to represent /dʒ/ (according to the spelling conventions used in this work):1681–5 in D. B. Quinn & A. M. Quinn English New Eng. Voy. (1983) 479 At the Eastward end [of Capawick island, i.e. Martha’s Vineyard] there is another Riuer..that is called Whackwhigh (and the Sogum) for here they are not called Sagamores as before, This name was Wavenot, who Commands all that part of the Island.

1. Among the Algonquian peoples of New England: one of a class of local and regional political leaders, some of whom ranked above others. Among the Iroquois: one of the fifty confederacy chiefs of the Five Nations. Cf. sagamore n. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] > native American

cacique1555

werowance1588

sagamore1605

sachem1622

sachamaker1682

1622 Relation Eng. Plantation Plimoth, New Eng. 49 They brought vs to their Sachim or Gouernour.

a1657 W. Bradford Of Plimoth Plantation in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1856) 3 ii. 94 They brought againe all y^e tooles that were stolen away before, and made way for y^e coming of their great Sachem, called Massasoyt.

1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 5 Miantonimoh the chief Sachem or Lord of the Narhagansets.

1710 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) VI. 571 Four Indian sachems, or kings of the 5 Indian nations, lately arrived here.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 166 To fill the place of the deceased, not only as the son of the sachem, but as the spouse of a beautiful squaw.

a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) I. 119 Their principal chiefs were called Sachems.

1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish i. 52 Let them come, if they like, be it sagamore, sachem, or pow-wow.

1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. (1931) i. xiii. 59 The great sachems had wampum beads sewed on their buckskin shirts, moccasins and leggings.

1974 W. S. Sturtevant in J. Billard World of Amer. Indian 119 Seats and titles were inherited by tribe and clan, though women leaders chose the individual sachems.

2013 Amer. Indian Law Rev. 38 338 A sachem of the Wampanoag Confederacy, Massasoit, saved the Pilgrims of the Plymouth Colony from starvation during their first winter.

a. U.S. colloquial. In extended use: a prominent member of a society or other group. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > one who is important > one who has leading position or is most important

firstc1275

coba1420

principalsa1425

cock1542

chief1569

colossus1605

primore1625

cape1650

sachem1684

leading light1707

high priest1737

king bee1792

gentleman, man of lead1793

queen bee1823

primo basso1826

spokesman1828

protagonist1837

kingpin1861

key man1895

headliner1896

big boy1921

numero uno1944

godfather1963

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief

headeOE

headmanOE

headsmanOE

masterlinga1200

dukec1275

chevetaine1297

chief1297

headlingc1300

principalc1325

captainc1380

primatec1384

chieftainc1400

master-man1424

principate1483

grand captain1531

headmaster?1545

knap of the casec1555

capitano1594

muqaddam1598

mudaliyar1662

reis1677

sachem1684

doge1705

prytanis1790

gam1827

main guy1882

oga1917

ras1935

1684 in E. B. O'Callaghan Documentary Hist. N.-Y. (1849) I. 402 Wee have put ourselves under the Great Sachim Charles that lives over the Great Lake.

1773 J. Adams Let. 22 Dec. in Papers (1977) III. 3 It is whispered that the Sachem has it in Contemplation to go home Soon.

1849 O. W. Holmes Song for Centennial Celebr. Harvard Coll. in Poems (new ed.) 194 And, when at length the College rose, The sachem cocked his eye At every tutor's meagre ribs Whose coat tails whistled by.

1861 Charleston (S. Carolina) Mercury 29 Mar. 1/2 The Sachems of the Black Republican party did not appreciate the peculiarity of the times when they enacted the Morrill Tariff.

1942 E. Paul Narrow Street xx. 164 [André] Breton, the pontifical sachem, turned to Trotsky and became an enemy.

1977 Time 18 July 26/3 Most party sachems are lining up behind either Incumbent Abraham Beame or Governor Hugh Carey's choice.

2002 J. C. Wharton Nature Cures i. 19 The medical sachems act..as any collection of businessmen being threatened by a rival concern.

b. U.S. Politics. One of a body of twelve high officials in the Tammany Society of New York, formed in 1786 and dissolved in 1967 (see Tammany n.) Also in grand sachem: the head of this body. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1787 Daily Advertiser (N.Y.) 30 Apr. 2/4 The Members of St. Tammany's Society in the City of New-York are requested to meet at their Wigwam... By the order of the Sachem.

1790 Constit. Tammany Soc. 4 No member shall be permitted to speak more than once to any question, without permission of the Grand Sachem, unless in committee.

1838 Morning Herald (N.Y.) 2 Oct. I met John Woodward of New York, well known as a sachem or leader in Tammany Hall.

1890 Nation 20 Mar. 236/1 The tribulations of Tammany's former Grand Sachem, the Sheriff.

1938 J. W. Norwood Tammany Legend xi. 145 The chief of a ‘Tribe’ was its Sachem; the master of ceremonies, the Sagamore; the Sergeant at Arms, the Wiskinskie.

1974 R. A. Caro Power Broker ii. v. 78 Tammany's wily old sachems had probably realized early what Moses' plan would mean for them.

2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 1 Dec. 53/3 Two months later, Tweed became Tammany's Grand Sachem.

Derivatives

ˈsachemdom n. the role of a sachem; the people or territory ruled over by a sachem.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of others

thanage14..

thanedomc1425

satrapy1569

chiefery1587

caliphate1614

sultany1639

sagamoreship1670

rajaship1698

ladyship1709

satrapate1717

march1726

sachemdom1764

Nizamat1765

khanate1799

jarldom1820

sultanate1822

knightship1845

sheikhdom1845

sachemship1876

sheikh-ship1878

shahdom1884

chiefship1894

thakurate1901

1764 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 vi. 459 Two cantons or sachemdoms of the cape Indians.

a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) II. 18 Alexander, the eldest son of Massasoit, died..and left the Sachemdom to Philip.

2003 Whispering Wind May 14/2 Scholars have identified literally hundreds of Algonquian groups from bands, clans, sachemdoms to vast confederations such as the Powhattans.

ˈsachemship n. the role of a sachem; the people or territory ruled over by a sachem.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] > native American > position of

sachemship1651

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of others

thanage14..

thanedomc1425

satrapy1569

chiefery1587

caliphate1614

sultany1639

sagamoreship1670

rajaship1698

ladyship1709

satrapate1717

march1726

sachemdom1764

Nizamat1765

khanate1799

jarldom1820

sultanate1822

knightship1845

sheikhdom1845

sachemship1876

sheikh-ship1878

shahdom1884

chiefship1894

thakurate1901

1651 Court Rec. 6 Oct. in J. H. Trumbull Public Rec. Colony Connecticut (1850) I. 228 Hee is not satisfied in Saquassens being exalted vnder our power to great Sachemship.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 256 A little traffic he drove in peltry, during his sachemship among the Miamis.

1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) II. xxxvi. 395 The forests beyond the Sace, New Hampshire, and the country as far as Salem, constituted the sachemship of Penacook.

2005 C. Mann 1491 i. ii. 42 Sachems had to gain the consent of their people, who could easily move away and join another sachemship.

ˈsachemic adj. of or relating to a sachem.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [adjective] > of or relating to supreme American

sachemic1781

1781 S. Peters Gen. Hist. Connecticut 56 Haynes and his assembly proclaimed Joshua Sachem; and such as did not acknowledge his sachemic power, were compelled to suffer death.

1885 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) VI. 163 The sachemic office was hereditary.

2008 William & Mary Q. 65 26 These gestures made English colonial authority resemble Algonquian sachemic authority.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sachem
释义	sachemn. Brit. /ˈseɪtʃəm/, /ˈsatʃəm/, U.S. /ˈseɪtʃəm/, /ˈsætʃəm/ Forms: α. 1600s sachim, 1600s sachum, 1600s sogum, 1600s– sachem, 1800s saquem. β. 1600s sachama, 1600s sachema. Origin: A borrowing from Massachusett. Etymon: Massachusett sontim. Etymology: < Massachusett sontim (pronounced /sʌ̃tʲəm/), cognate with e.g. Unami Delaware sa:kí:ma and Eastern Abenaki sὰkəmα ( > sagamore n.) < an Algonquian base of uncertain sense and origin (also reflected in Massachusett sonksq queen: see sunk squaw n.). Compare earlier sagamore n.The form sogum at α. forms appears in a diary of ?1614, preserved (with some confusion of punctuation) in a late 17th-cent. copy; the g is apparently intended to represent /dʒ/ (according to the spelling conventions used in this work):1681–5 in D. B. Quinn & A. M. Quinn English New Eng. Voy. (1983) 479 At the Eastward end [of Capawick island, i.e. Martha’s Vineyard] there is another Riuer..that is called Whackwhigh (and the Sogum) for here they are not called Sagamores as before, This name was Wavenot, who Commands all that part of the Island. 1. Among the Algonquian peoples of New England: one of a class of local and regional political leaders, some of whom ranked above others. Among the Iroquois: one of the fifty confederacy chiefs of the Five Nations. Cf. sagamore n. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] > native American cacique1555 werowance1588 sagamore1605 sachem1622 sachamaker1682 1622 Relation Eng. Plantation Plimoth, New Eng. 49 They brought vs to their Sachim or Gouernour. a1657 W. Bradford Of Plimoth Plantation in Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. (1856) 3 ii. 94 They brought againe all y^e tooles that were stolen away before, and made way for y^e coming of their great Sachem, called Massasoyt. 1677 W. Hubbard Narr. Troubles with Indians New-Eng. 5 Miantonimoh the chief Sachem or Lord of the Narhagansets. 1710 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) VI. 571 Four Indian sachems, or kings of the 5 Indian nations, lately arrived here. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 166 To fill the place of the deceased, not only as the son of the sachem, but as the spouse of a beautiful squaw. a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) I. 119 Their principal chiefs were called Sachems. 1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish i. 52 Let them come, if they like, be it sagamore, sachem, or pow-wow. 1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. (1931) i. xiii. 59 The great sachems had wampum beads sewed on their buckskin shirts, moccasins and leggings. 1974 W. S. Sturtevant in J. Billard World of Amer. Indian 119 Seats and titles were inherited by tribe and clan, though women leaders chose the individual sachems. 2013 Amer. Indian Law Rev. 38 338 A sachem of the Wampanoag Confederacy, Massasoit, saved the Pilgrims of the Plymouth Colony from starvation during their first winter. 2. a. U.S. colloquial. In extended use: a prominent member of a society or other group. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > one who is important > one who has leading position or is most important firstc1275 coba1420 principalsa1425 cock1542 chief1569 colossus1605 primore1625 cape1650 sachem1684 leading light1707 high priest1737 king bee1792 gentleman, man of lead1793 queen bee1823 primo basso1826 spokesman1828 protagonist1837 kingpin1861 key man1895 headliner1896 big boy1921 numero uno1944 godfather1963 society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief headeOE headmanOE headsmanOE masterlinga1200 dukec1275 chevetaine1297 chief1297 headlingc1300 principalc1325 captainc1380 primatec1384 chieftainc1400 master-man1424 principate1483 grand captain1531 headmaster?1545 knap of the casec1555 capitano1594 muqaddam1598 mudaliyar1662 reis1677 sachem1684 doge1705 prytanis1790 gam1827 main guy1882 oga1917 ras1935 1684 in E. B. O'Callaghan Documentary Hist. N.-Y. (1849) I. 402 Wee have put ourselves under the Great Sachim Charles that lives over the Great Lake. 1773 J. Adams Let. 22 Dec. in Papers (1977) III. 3 It is whispered that the Sachem has it in Contemplation to go home Soon. 1849 O. W. Holmes Song for Centennial Celebr. Harvard Coll. in Poems (new ed.) 194 And, when at length the College rose, The sachem cocked his eye At every tutor's meagre ribs Whose coat tails whistled by. 1861 Charleston (S. Carolina) Mercury 29 Mar. 1/2 The Sachems of the Black Republican party did not appreciate the peculiarity of the times when they enacted the Morrill Tariff. 1942 E. Paul Narrow Street xx. 164 [André] Breton, the pontifical sachem, turned to Trotsky and became an enemy. 1977 Time 18 July 26/3 Most party sachems are lining up behind either Incumbent Abraham Beame or Governor Hugh Carey's choice. 2002 J. C. Wharton Nature Cures i. 19 The medical sachems act..as any collection of businessmen being threatened by a rival concern. b. U.S. Politics. One of a body of twelve high officials in the Tammany Society of New York, formed in 1786 and dissolved in 1967 (see Tammany n.) Also in grand sachem: the head of this body. Now historical. ΚΠ 1787 Daily Advertiser (N.Y.) 30 Apr. 2/4 The Members of St. Tammany's Society in the City of New-York are requested to meet at their Wigwam... By the order of the Sachem. 1790 Constit. Tammany Soc. 4 No member shall be permitted to speak more than once to any question, without permission of the Grand Sachem, unless in committee. 1838 Morning Herald (N.Y.) 2 Oct. I met John Woodward of New York, well known as a sachem or leader in Tammany Hall. 1890 Nation 20 Mar. 236/1 The tribulations of Tammany's former Grand Sachem, the Sheriff. 1938 J. W. Norwood Tammany Legend xi. 145 The chief of a ‘Tribe’ was its Sachem; the master of ceremonies, the Sagamore; the Sergeant at Arms, the Wiskinskie. 1974 R. A. Caro Power Broker ii. v. 78 Tammany's wily old sachems had probably realized early what Moses' plan would mean for them. 2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 1 Dec. 53/3 Two months later, Tweed became Tammany's Grand Sachem. Derivatives ˈsachemdom n. the role of a sachem; the people or territory ruled over by a sachem. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of others thanage14.. thanedomc1425 satrapy1569 chiefery1587 caliphate1614 sultany1639 sagamoreship1670 rajaship1698 ladyship1709 satrapate1717 march1726 sachemdom1764 Nizamat1765 khanate1799 jarldom1820 sultanate1822 knightship1845 sheikhdom1845 sachemship1876 sheikh-ship1878 shahdom1884 chiefship1894 thakurate1901 1764 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 vi. 459 Two cantons or sachemdoms of the cape Indians. a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) II. 18 Alexander, the eldest son of Massasoit, died..and left the Sachemdom to Philip. 2003 Whispering Wind May 14/2 Scholars have identified literally hundreds of Algonquian groups from bands, clans, sachemdoms to vast confederations such as the Powhattans. ˈsachemship n. the role of a sachem; the people or territory ruled over by a sachem. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] > native American > position of sachemship1651 society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of others thanage14.. thanedomc1425 satrapy1569 chiefery1587 caliphate1614 sultany1639 sagamoreship1670 rajaship1698 ladyship1709 satrapate1717 march1726 sachemdom1764 Nizamat1765 khanate1799 jarldom1820 sultanate1822 knightship1845 sheikhdom1845 sachemship1876 sheikh-ship1878 shahdom1884 chiefship1894 thakurate1901 1651 Court Rec. 6 Oct. in J. H. Trumbull Public Rec. Colony Connecticut (1850) I. 228 Hee is not satisfied in Saquassens being exalted vnder our power to great Sachemship. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker III. 256 A little traffic he drove in peltry, during his sachemship among the Miamis. 1876 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. (rev. ed.) II. xxxvi. 395 The forests beyond the Sace, New Hampshire, and the country as far as Salem, constituted the sachemship of Penacook. 2005 C. Mann 1491 i. ii. 42 Sachems had to gain the consent of their people, who could easily move away and join another sachemship. ˈsachemic adj. of or relating to a sachem. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [adjective] > of or relating to supreme American sachemic1781 1781 S. Peters Gen. Hist. Connecticut 56 Haynes and his assembly proclaimed Joshua Sachem; and such as did not acknowledge his sachemic power, were compelled to suffer death. 1885 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) VI. 163 The sachemic office was hereditary. 2008 William & Mary Q. 65 26 These gestures made English colonial authority resemble Algonquian sachemic authority. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1622
随便看	straddle-fashion straddle-leg straddle-legged straddle-pipe straddle-plough straddle-wise straddleback straddleband straddlebob straddlebreech straddlebug straddled straddlefashion straddleleg straddlelegged straddlepipe straddleplough straddler straddlers straddles straddleways straddlewise straddling straddly strade