safflowern.

Brit.

/ˈsaflaʊə/, U.S.

/ˈsæfˌlaʊər/

Forms: α. 1500s corruptly samfleure, sarnfloure; β. 1600s saf(f)lore, (erron. salfore), 1700s saf(f)lor; γ. 1600s safflowr, saflower, 1700s saff-flower, 1700s– safflower; δ. 1700s–1800s safflow.

Etymology: < Dutch saffloer(s = German safflor, < Old French saffleur, safour, < early Italian saffiore, also asfiore, asfrole, zaffrole, etc. (Yule). The ultimate source is obscure: the Arabic ʿuçfur is probably a foreign word assimilated to açfar yellow. The form has been influenced by association with the words saffron (French safran) and flower (Italian fiore, French fleur); although safflower is a wholly different plant from saffron, the former was often used as a substitute for the latter in medicine, whence the name bastard saffron.

1. The dried petals of the Carthamus tinctorius (see 2), also the (red) dye produced from these petals. Used in the preparation of rouge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs

madderOE

grain1335

alkanet1343

Brazilc1386

crop-maddera1399

red-scarletc1400

alcanna?a1425

lac?c1425

madder root?c1450

incarnationa1475

jarecork1483

orchil1483

mull1507

orcanet1548

Bristol-red1551

red sanders1553

cochineal1582

safflower1583

chay1588

Pernambuco1595

red sanderswood1598

redwood1634

peach woodc1638

scarlet1653

mesteque1667

bow-dye1676

sylvester1697

corkir1703

gamene1703

orchilla1703

crap1721

saffranon1731

kino1788

Turkey red1789

lizary1791

granilla1812

munjeet1813

rubiate1835

orcein1838

purpurin1839

ruby wood1843

sassafrid1852

aal1853

pink salt1853

magenta1860

fuchsine1865

paeonin1865

safranine1868

corallin1873

marina1874

Magdala red1875

alizarin1878

eosin1879

Turkey red oil1879

roccelline1880

ponceau1885

amarant1888

phloxine1890

hypernic1897

Turkish red1900

Lithol red1930

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > paints or colours > reddening

reda1398

cloth of Levant1497

red leather1545

safflower1583

cheek-varnish1598

vermilion1600

rubric1650

rud1651

Spanish wool1678

French reda1680

saffranon1731

French rouge?1745

rouge1746

α.

1583 L. Mascall tr. Profitable Bk. Spottes & Staines 20 Yee shall take one pound of samfleure and let it soke halfe a day [etc.].

1583 L. Mascall tr. Profitable Bk. Spottes & Staines 20 Samfloure.

β. 1635 Rates Merchandizes sig. E6^v Saflo [r] e the pound.1662 Statutes Irel. (1678) 658 Safflore. 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World II. 588 Safflor, which the Portuguese employ to colour their eatables yellow.γ. 1667 W. Petty in T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 298 This Mather..dyeth on Cloth a colour the neerest to our Bow-dye,..the like whereof Safflowr doth in Silk.1740 G. Smith tr. Laboratory (ed. 2) App. p. vi Then take the safflower out of the bag.1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 1113 Safflower contains two colouring matters, a yellow and a red.1877 O'Neill in Encycl. Brit. VII. 571/2 Specimens of mummy cloth of a reddish colour appeared to have been dyed with safflower.

2. The thistle-like plant Carthamus tinctorius, extensively cultivated in Southern Europe, Egypt, India, and China for the dye obtained from its flowers (see 1); the seeds yield an oil used in cooking, making margarine, in lamps, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > saffron-thistle

bastard saffron1548

carthamus1548

mock saffron1548

safflower1682

Cape saffron1711

distaff thistle1715

African saffron1866

saffron-thistle1889

β.

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. V. 536 Woad, saflor, or wild-saffron, and garden-fruits.

γ. 1682 S. Wilson Acct. Province Carolina 18 Sumack growes in great abundance naturally, so undoubtedly would Woad, Madder and Sa-Flower, if planted.1756 Compl. Body Husb. 535 Saff-flower, or Carthamus, is cultivated for the sake of its flower, as the Saffron is.1900 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 16 6 Other Philippine dye plants..are the sibucao, or sapan wood, the beri, or safflower [etc.].1974 Nature 13 Dec. 519/2 No work is at present supported at international level on oil seeds such as sunflower, safflower and rapeseed, although their oils are important in the diets of many developing countries.1980 Holistic Health News (Berkeley, Calif. Holistic Health Center) Sept.–Oct. 8/3 Mix together: 1 cup of oil, safflower works well. 1½ teaspoons of sea salt.δ. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 131 In Oxfordshire, about Norton and Ashton, grows a sort of herb that they call Safflow or Bastard Saffron, which the Dyers use for the dying of Scarlet.1885 J. S. Stallybrass tr. V. Hehn Wanderings Plants & Animals 201 The Safflow or Zaffer..a kind of thistle native to the East Indies.

3. attributive.

ΚΠ

1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 170 Safflower is the florets of the Carthamus Tinctorius, a plant originally growing in Egypt and some of the warm parts of Europe.

1857 E. Balfour Cycl. India 1631 Safflower Oil.

1857 E. Balfour Cycl. India 1631 Safflower Seed.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. b7 Safflower seed oil has especially good stability for cooking and frying oils.

1971 H. McCloy Question of Time i. iii. 28 Margarine made with safflower oil (butter is as bad for arteries as eggs).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	safflower
释义	safflowern. Brit. /ˈsaflaʊə/, U.S. /ˈsæfˌlaʊər/ Forms: α. 1500s corruptly samfleure, sarnfloure; β. 1600s saf(f)lore, (erron. salfore), 1700s saf(f)lor; γ. 1600s safflowr, saflower, 1700s saff-flower, 1700s– safflower; δ. 1700s–1800s safflow. Etymology: < Dutch saffloer(s = German safflor, < Old French saffleur, safour, < early Italian saffiore, also asfiore, asfrole, zaffrole, etc. (Yule). The ultimate source is obscure: the Arabic ʿuçfur is probably a foreign word assimilated to açfar yellow. The form has been influenced by association with the words saffron (French safran) and flower (Italian fiore, French fleur); although safflower is a wholly different plant from saffron, the former was often used as a substitute for the latter in medicine, whence the name bastard saffron. 1. The dried petals of the Carthamus tinctorius (see 2), also the (red) dye produced from these petals. Used in the preparation of rouge. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs madderOE grain1335 alkanet1343 Brazilc1386 crop-maddera1399 red-scarletc1400 alcanna?a1425 lac?c1425 madder root?c1450 incarnationa1475 jarecork1483 orchil1483 mull1507 orcanet1548 Bristol-red1551 red sanders1553 cochineal1582 safflower1583 chay1588 Pernambuco1595 red sanderswood1598 redwood1634 peach woodc1638 scarlet1653 mesteque1667 bow-dye1676 sylvester1697 corkir1703 gamene1703 orchilla1703 crap1721 saffranon1731 kino1788 Turkey red1789 lizary1791 granilla1812 munjeet1813 rubiate1835 orcein1838 purpurin1839 ruby wood1843 sassafrid1852 aal1853 pink salt1853 magenta1860 fuchsine1865 paeonin1865 safranine1868 corallin1873 marina1874 Magdala red1875 alizarin1878 eosin1879 Turkey red oil1879 roccelline1880 ponceau1885 amarant1888 phloxine1890 hypernic1897 Turkish red1900 Lithol red1930 the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > paints or colours > reddening reda1398 cloth of Levant1497 red leather1545 safflower1583 cheek-varnish1598 vermilion1600 rubric1650 rud1651 Spanish wool1678 French reda1680 saffranon1731 French rouge?1745 rouge1746 α. 1583 L. Mascall tr. Profitable Bk. Spottes & Staines 20 Yee shall take one pound of samfleure and let it soke halfe a day [etc.]. 1583 L. Mascall tr. Profitable Bk. Spottes & Staines 20 Samfloure. β. 1635 Rates Merchandizes sig. E6^v Saflo [r] e the pound.1662 Statutes Irel. (1678) 658 Safflore. 1777 G. Forster Voy. round World II. 588 Safflor, which the Portuguese employ to colour their eatables yellow.γ. 1667 W. Petty in T. Sprat Hist. Royal-Soc. 298 This Mather..dyeth on Cloth a colour the neerest to our Bow-dye,..the like whereof Safflowr doth in Silk.1740 G. Smith tr. Laboratory (ed. 2) App. p. vi Then take the safflower out of the bag.1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 1113 Safflower contains two colouring matters, a yellow and a red.1877 O'Neill in Encycl. Brit. VII. 571/2 Specimens of mummy cloth of a reddish colour appeared to have been dyed with safflower. 2. The thistle-like plant Carthamus tinctorius, extensively cultivated in Southern Europe, Egypt, India, and China for the dye obtained from its flowers (see 1); the seeds yield an oil used in cooking, making margarine, in lamps, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > saffron-thistle bastard saffron1548 carthamus1548 mock saffron1548 safflower1682 Cape saffron1711 distaff thistle1715 African saffron1866 saffron-thistle1889 β. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. V. 536 Woad, saflor, or wild-saffron, and garden-fruits. γ. 1682 S. Wilson Acct. Province Carolina 18 Sumack growes in great abundance naturally, so undoubtedly would Woad, Madder and Sa-Flower, if planted.1756 Compl. Body Husb. 535 Saff-flower, or Carthamus, is cultivated for the sake of its flower, as the Saffron is.1900 Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists 16 6 Other Philippine dye plants..are the sibucao, or sapan wood, the beri, or safflower [etc.].1974 Nature 13 Dec. 519/2 No work is at present supported at international level on oil seeds such as sunflower, safflower and rapeseed, although their oils are important in the diets of many developing countries.1980 Holistic Health News (Berkeley, Calif. Holistic Health Center) Sept.–Oct. 8/3 Mix together: 1 cup of oil, safflower works well. 1½ teaspoons of sea salt.δ. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 131 In Oxfordshire, about Norton and Ashton, grows a sort of herb that they call Safflow or Bastard Saffron, which the Dyers use for the dying of Scarlet.1885 J. S. Stallybrass tr. V. Hehn Wanderings Plants & Animals 201 The Safflow or Zaffer..a kind of thistle native to the East Indies. 3. attributive. ΚΠ 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 170 Safflower is the florets of the Carthamus Tinctorius, a plant originally growing in Egypt and some of the warm parts of Europe. 1857 E. Balfour Cycl. India 1631 Safflower Oil. 1857 E. Balfour Cycl. India 1631 Safflower Seed. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. b7 Safflower seed oil has especially good stability for cooking and frying oils. 1971 H. McCloy Question of Time i. iii. 28 Margarine made with safflower oil (butter is as bad for arteries as eggs). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1583
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