† russeln.¹

Forms: late Middle English rusell, late Middle English russall, late Middle English russell, late Middle English russelle; Scottish pre-1700 russell, pre-1700 russle.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French roussel.

Etymology: < Middle French roussel, rousel (Middle French, French rousseau ) (adjective) red-haired (c1170 in Old French as russel ), reddish (14th cent.), (noun) any of various reddish objects or animals (14th cent.) < rous rouse adj. + -el -el suffix². With the use in quot. a1628 compare earlier rizzer n.Earlier occurrence as a surname in Britain (compare Ralph Russel (1115), Hamelinus Russel (1168), etc.) probably reflects the French rather than the English word. Compare post-classical Latin russellus, as a name or nickname (13th cent. in British sources).

Obsolete.

A red or reddish thing or animal.In quot. c1405 as a generic name for a fox.In quot. a1628: a redcurrant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red thing > [noun]

russelc1405

blusher1665

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 514 Daun Russell [v.rr. Russelle, Rusell] the fox stirte vp atones And by the gargat hente Chauntecler.

a1500 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) III. 95 (MED) Ther come in iordans in iussall, Als red as any russall.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 1962 in Poems (1981) 76 Swa happinnit him..To meit ane foxe... ‘Welcum to me’, quod he, ‘thow Russell gray.’

a1628 J. Carmichaell Coll. Prov. in Scots (1957) 111 Ye cast up the seur russle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

russeln.²adj.

Brit.

/ˈrʌs(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈrəs(ə)l/, Scottish English

/ˈrʌs(ə)l/

Forms:

α. 1500s ryssel; Scottish pre-1700 reisallis, pre-1700 reisellis, pre-1700 reisillis, pre-1700 reissellis, pre-1700 rislis, pre-1700 rislys, pre-1700 rissel, pre-1700 rissellis, pre-1700 ristlis, pre-1700 ryssilis, pre-1700 ryssill, pre-1700 ryssyll, pre-1700 ryssyllis, pre-1700 1900s– rissillis, pre-1700 1900s– ryssillis.

β. 1500s rossell, 1500s russelles, 1500s–1600s 1900s– russels, 1500s– russell, 1500s– russells, 1600s rustell, 1600s– russel; Scottish pre-1700 russellis.

Origin: Probably from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Rijssel.

Etymology: Probably < Rijssel (now Rijsel ), the Dutch name of the city of Lille in north-western France, where the cloth was apparently manufactured. In β. forms perhaps influenced by folk-etymological association with russel n.¹, which is unlikely to be the etymon of the word, both on formal grounds (compare the early forms) and on account of the fact that the cloth does not appear to have been characteristically red.

Originally Scottish. Now historical and rare.

A. n.²

A strong twilled woollen cloth formerly used for clothing and footwear. Also as a count noun (usually in plural, sometimes treated as singular).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > for clothing

puke1465

russel1488

capping-woollen1555

wadmalc1682

forest-cloth1769

vadmal1851

Petersham cloth1853

Victoria1891

α.

1488 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 159 For ij elne and j quartar of grene ryssillis for a gowne and a coyt.

1488 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 159 For v quartaris of browne Ryssillis for a gowne til him.

1499 A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 208 Ryssyllis.

1648 Edinb. Test. LXIV. f. 12, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rissillis Thrie gownis quhairof tuo of bombasie and ane of reissellis.

1995 E. Gemmill & N. Mayhew Changing Values in Medieval Scotl. v. 354 Rissillis began to drift downward in price as Paris black began to dominate the luxury end of the market.

β. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 16 Straungers..doe make and weave sayes, russelles, worstedes, and diverse..other clothes.1545 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 136 For a ȝerde and a quarter of red russell, 2s. 6d.1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1290/1 Ouer the first loome was written, the weauing of worsted: ouer the second, the weauing of russels.1704 Inventory 20 Feb. in Great Reclothing Rural Eng. (1984) 215 Fifteen yards of black Russell.1738 J. Munn Observ. Brit. Wool 47 Three Englishmen near this Place, had set up a Manufactory to make flower'd Damask, Russels, Calimancoes.1801 Farther Excursions of Exemplified Pedestrian I. 16 Off sat Susan to Battersea, tricked out in her best black russel, and her piony chintz.1839 R. Goodacre Arithmetic (ed. 9) i. 110 If 11s. 6d. be paid for 1 yard of black russel, what must be paid for 864 yards?1902 E. Singleton Social N.Y. under Georges v. iii. 222 These delicate and uncomfortable shoes..would be made of satin, figured silk, damask, calimanco, russell, or everlasting.1976 T. S. Willan Inland Trade 129 Finally in 1656 Peddar supplied Pooley with twenty-two black russells at 58s.2007 N. C. Cox & K. Dannehl Perceptions of Retailing in Early Mod. Eng. v. 97 In some cases,..the commodity term can no longer be identified with certainty, like russel, the name of which may derive from Rijssel, the Flemish name of Lille, or from its colour.

†B. adj.

Made of russel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [adjective] > other

say1531

bandy1552

russel1566

shalloon1665

doily1680

West of England1779

lofty1909

1566 in P. A. Kennedy Notts. Househ. Inventories (1512–62) (1962) 105 2 lynen shetes, one hatt, one cappe, one russell appron 2 partlettes.

1567 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 149 My sarcenet typpet, my best russelles typpet, and my best cappe.

1703 London Gaz. No. 3915/4 Stolen.., a black Russel Petticoat flower'd.

1768 G. Wythe Let. 9 May in F. Mason John Norton & Sons (1968) 51 Be pleased to add a black Russells coat for mrs. Wythe, and a piece of fine pocket handkerchiefs.

1796 Newhampshire & Vermont Jrnl. 19 July 4/1 Sal, put on your russel skirt.

Compounds

attributive. In names of materials, as russel(s) black, russel(s) cloth, russel(s) satin, russel(s) silk, russel(s) worsted.

ΚΠ

α.

1473 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 224 ij ellis of rissillis blak to be a coit aboune his jak.

1493 A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 30 3 stekis of ryssillis clath, an blak, an bron, and an grey.

1542 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 86 Item, ane coit of rissillis blak.

1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Liiij^v Sayes, Tapisterie, ryssel Worstedes, cloth, Carpettes.

1610 Brechin Test. II. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue f. 102 ^v Elevin elnis of rissellis growgrame.

1618 Edinb. Test. L. f. 150^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rissillis Ane new broun doublet of reissellis stuf.

1935 A. M. Mackenzie Rise of Stewarts 329 The Treasurer's records glitter with cloth of gold and gold-flowered damask, velvet of cramoisie and Rissillis black.

1995 E. Gemmill & N. Mayhew Changing Values in Medieval Scotl. v. 357 (table) Rissillis black prices.

β. 1552 in J. C. Jeaffreson Middlesex County Rec. (1886) I. 8 A womans kertyll of Russell worsted.1554 Act 1 & 2 Philip & Mary c. 14 §1 Russels called Russelles Sattens and Satten Reverses.1606 in Lismore Papers (1887) 2nd Ser. I. 110 iij dosson of rustell silkes & silver longe buttens.1653 Acts of Parl. (1658) 270 The Wardens and Fellowship of the Mystery of Russel-Sattins, Sattins-Reverses, and Fustian of Norwich making. 1857 J. James Hist. Worsted Manuf. in Eng. vi. 153 A corporate body..was established for the regulation of all kinds of worsteds, made in Norwich and Norfolk, except russell satins [etc.].1872 Notes & Queries 13 Jan. 37/2 Russell Worsted.—Whence did this black stuff derive its name?1936 M. C. Linthicum Costume in Drama of Shakespeare & Contemporaries 123 The manufacture of russels satin and satin reverse, i.e. wrought or stitched, flourished in Norfolk.1941 C. Larson in A. Schorsch Art of Weaver (1978) ii. 33 One notices the frequent recurrence of russel in colonial cloth advertisements.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	russel
释义	† russeln.¹ Forms: late Middle English rusell, late Middle English russall, late Middle English russell, late Middle English russelle; Scottish pre-1700 russell, pre-1700 russle. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French roussel. Etymology: < Middle French roussel, rousel (Middle French, French rousseau ) (adjective) red-haired (c1170 in Old French as russel ), reddish (14th cent.), (noun) any of various reddish objects or animals (14th cent.) < rous rouse adj. + -el -el suffix². With the use in quot. a1628 compare earlier rizzer n.Earlier occurrence as a surname in Britain (compare Ralph Russel (1115), Hamelinus Russel (1168), etc.) probably reflects the French rather than the English word. Compare post-classical Latin russellus, as a name or nickname (13th cent. in British sources). Obsolete. A red or reddish thing or animal.In quot. c1405 as a generic name for a fox.In quot. a1628: a redcurrant. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red thing > [noun] russelc1405 blusher1665 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 514 Daun Russell [v.rr. Russelle, Rusell] the fox stirte vp atones And by the gargat hente Chauntecler. a1500 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1866) III. 95 (MED) Ther come in iordans in iussall, Als red as any russall. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 1962 in Poems (1981) 76 Swa happinnit him..To meit ane foxe... ‘Welcum to me’, quod he, ‘thow Russell gray.’ a1628 J. Carmichaell Coll. Prov. in Scots (1957) 111 Ye cast up the seur russle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). russeln.²adj. Brit. /ˈrʌs(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈrəs(ə)l/, Scottish English /ˈrʌs(ə)l/ Forms: α. 1500s ryssel; Scottish pre-1700 reisallis, pre-1700 reisellis, pre-1700 reisillis, pre-1700 reissellis, pre-1700 rislis, pre-1700 rislys, pre-1700 rissel, pre-1700 rissellis, pre-1700 ristlis, pre-1700 ryssilis, pre-1700 ryssill, pre-1700 ryssyll, pre-1700 ryssyllis, pre-1700 1900s– rissillis, pre-1700 1900s– ryssillis. β. 1500s rossell, 1500s russelles, 1500s–1600s 1900s– russels, 1500s– russell, 1500s– russells, 1600s rustell, 1600s– russel; Scottish pre-1700 russellis. Origin: Probably from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Rijssel. Etymology: Probably < Rijssel (now Rijsel ), the Dutch name of the city of Lille in north-western France, where the cloth was apparently manufactured. In β. forms perhaps influenced by folk-etymological association with russel n.¹, which is unlikely to be the etymon of the word, both on formal grounds (compare the early forms) and on account of the fact that the cloth does not appear to have been characteristically red. Originally Scottish. Now historical and rare. A. n.² A strong twilled woollen cloth formerly used for clothing and footwear. Also as a count noun (usually in plural, sometimes treated as singular). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > for clothing puke1465 russel1488 capping-woollen1555 wadmalc1682 forest-cloth1769 vadmal1851 Petersham cloth1853 Victoria1891 α. 1488 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 159 For ij elne and j quartar of grene ryssillis for a gowne and a coyt. 1488 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 159 For v quartaris of browne Ryssillis for a gowne til him. 1499 A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 208 Ryssyllis. 1648 Edinb. Test. LXIV. f. 12, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rissillis Thrie gownis quhairof tuo of bombasie and ane of reissellis. 1995 E. Gemmill & N. Mayhew Changing Values in Medieval Scotl. v. 354 Rissillis began to drift downward in price as Paris black began to dominate the luxury end of the market. β. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII c. 16 Straungers..doe make and weave sayes, russelles, worstedes, and diverse..other clothes.1545 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 136 For a ȝerde and a quarter of red russell, 2s. 6d.1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1290/1 Ouer the first loome was written, the weauing of worsted: ouer the second, the weauing of russels.1704 Inventory 20 Feb. in Great Reclothing Rural Eng. (1984) 215 Fifteen yards of black Russell.1738 J. Munn Observ. Brit. Wool 47 Three Englishmen near this Place, had set up a Manufactory to make flower'd Damask, Russels, Calimancoes.1801 Farther Excursions of Exemplified Pedestrian I. 16 Off sat Susan to Battersea, tricked out in her best black russel, and her piony chintz.1839 R. Goodacre Arithmetic (ed. 9) i. 110 If 11s. 6d. be paid for 1 yard of black russel, what must be paid for 864 yards?1902 E. Singleton Social N.Y. under Georges v. iii. 222 These delicate and uncomfortable shoes..would be made of satin, figured silk, damask, calimanco, russell, or everlasting.1976 T. S. Willan Inland Trade 129 Finally in 1656 Peddar supplied Pooley with twenty-two black russells at 58s.2007 N. C. Cox & K. Dannehl Perceptions of Retailing in Early Mod. Eng. v. 97 In some cases,..the commodity term can no longer be identified with certainty, like russel, the name of which may derive from Rijssel, the Flemish name of Lille, or from its colour. †B. adj. Made of russel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [adjective] > other say1531 bandy1552 russel1566 shalloon1665 doily1680 West of England1779 lofty1909 1566 in P. A. Kennedy Notts. Househ. Inventories (1512–62) (1962) 105 2 lynen shetes, one hatt, one cappe, one russell appron 2 partlettes. 1567 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 149 My sarcenet typpet, my best russelles typpet, and my best cappe. 1703 London Gaz. No. 3915/4 Stolen.., a black Russel Petticoat flower'd. 1768 G. Wythe Let. 9 May in F. Mason John Norton & Sons (1968) 51 Be pleased to add a black Russells coat for mrs. Wythe, and a piece of fine pocket handkerchiefs. 1796 Newhampshire & Vermont Jrnl. 19 July 4/1 Sal, put on your russel skirt. Compounds attributive. In names of materials, as russel(s) black, russel(s) cloth, russel(s) satin, russel(s) silk, russel(s) worsted. ΚΠ α. 1473 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 224 ij ellis of rissillis blak to be a coit aboune his jak. 1493 A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 30 3 stekis of ryssillis clath, an blak, an bron, and an grey. 1542 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 86 Item, ane coit of rissillis blak. 1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Liiij^v Sayes, Tapisterie, ryssel Worstedes, cloth, Carpettes. 1610 Brechin Test. II. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue f. 102 ^v Elevin elnis of rissellis growgrame. 1618 Edinb. Test. L. f. 150^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Rissillis Ane new broun doublet of reissellis stuf. 1935 A. M. Mackenzie Rise of Stewarts 329 The Treasurer's records glitter with cloth of gold and gold-flowered damask, velvet of cramoisie and Rissillis black. 1995 E. Gemmill & N. Mayhew Changing Values in Medieval Scotl. v. 357 (table) Rissillis black prices. β. 1552 in J. C. Jeaffreson Middlesex County Rec. (1886) I. 8 A womans kertyll of Russell worsted.1554 Act 1 & 2 Philip & Mary c. 14 §1 Russels called Russelles Sattens and Satten Reverses.1606 in Lismore Papers (1887) 2nd Ser. I. 110 iij dosson of rustell silkes & silver longe buttens.1653 Acts of Parl. (1658) 270 The Wardens and Fellowship of the Mystery of Russel-Sattins, Sattins-Reverses, and Fustian of Norwich making. 1857 J. James Hist. Worsted Manuf. in Eng. vi. 153 A corporate body..was established for the regulation of all kinds of worsteds, made in Norwich and Norfolk, except russell satins [etc.].1872 Notes & Queries 13 Jan. 37/2 Russell Worsted.—Whence did this black stuff derive its name?1936 M. C. Linthicum Costume in Drama of Shakespeare & Contemporaries 123 The manufacture of russels satin and satin reverse, i.e. wrought or stitched, flourished in Norfolk.1941 C. Larson in A. Schorsch Art of Weaver (1978) ii. 33 One notices the frequent recurrence of russel in colonial cloth advertisements. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1405n.²adj.1473
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† russeln.1

russeln.2adj.

Compounds

† russeln.¹

russeln.²adj.