Rydbergn.

Brit.

/ˈrɪdbəːɡ/, U.S.

/ˈrɪdˌbərɡ/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Rydberg.

Etymology: < the name of Johannes Robert Rydberg (1854–1919), Swedish physicist, who first presented the formula which was later named after him in a meeting of the department of mathematics and physics of Lund Polytechnic on November 5, 1888.

Physics.

I. Compounds.

1. Rydberg formula n. (also Rydberg's formula) an equation giving the wave numbers of the spectral lines of hydrogen or hydrogen-like atoms, esp. of a hypothetical atom having a nucleus of infinite mass.The Rydberg formula for a hydrogen-like atom is ¹/ _λ = RZ²(¹/ _n² − ¹/ _m²), where λ is the wavelength of the light, R is the Rydberg constant, Z is the atomic number of the atom, and n and m are whole numbers, with m > n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > component of wave number > formula giving wave numbers

Rydberg formula1897

1897 Astrophysical Jrnl. 5 206 The closed formula above given agrees almost perfectly with Rydberg's formula.

1913 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 26 12 The constant K entering in Rydberg's formula is the same for all substances.

1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 345 The separation is exact to one unit of wave number and the position within 10 Å of that calculated by a Rydberg formula.

1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory vii. 97 For the doublet series of these elements Rydberg formulae held with 4R.

2003 L. J. Curtis Atomic Struct. & Lifetimes iii. 47 In the Rydberg formula, these binding energies are described by a hydrogenlike Balmer formula.

2. Rydberg constant n. (also Rydberg's constant) a constant which appears in the Rydberg formula of an atom, which is a function of the rest mass and the charge of the electron, the speed of light, and Planck's constant. Symbol R.In the case of a hypothetical atom with a nucleus of infinite mass, the constant is approx. equal to 1·097 ×10⁷ m⁻¹.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > component of wave number > formula giving wave numbers > constant appearing in

Rydberg constant1900

R1920

1900 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 149 202 Nor did they find that Rydberg's constant N⁰ was an absolute constant.

1920 Science 21 May 506/2 Let us consider the values of the Rydberg constant for hydrogen and for ionized helium.

1955 C. G. Darwin in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 7 A theory has been made which succeeds in yielding a particular number—here Rydberg's constant—from quantities all of which are known.

1979 Sci. Amer. Mar. 74/3 The Rydberg constant is now defined as this combination of m, e and h.

2002 J. S. Rigden Hydrogen (2003) xix. 210 The Rydberg constant is now known with sufficient accuracy that it may become the basis for a new definition of the second.

3. Rydberg correction n. a correction term in the equation giving the energy of the single electron in the outermost shell of hydrogen-like atoms, arising because the inner shells do not completely screen the electron from the nucleus; a correction made to the Rydberg formula in order to allow for the finite mass of the nucleus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > unit of energy > correction

Rydberg correction1924

1924 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 126 ii. 361 (title) The Rydberg correction and the radius of ions.

1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory vii. 95 Schroedinger in 1921 realized that the essential point for the interpretation of the large ‘Rydberg corrections’ was that the s orbits dipped deep into the atom.

2001 M. Böhm et al. Gauge Theories Strong & Electroweak Interaction (ed. 3) iii. 497 The effects of the finiteness of the nuclear mass, the Rydberg corrections, are very small.

4. Rydberg unit n. A unit of energy derived from the Rydberg constant, equal to approx. 2·425 × 10⁻¹⁸ joule.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > unit of energy

Rydberg unit1926

Rydberg state1940

Rydberg1954

1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 113 283 The energies of the secondary cathode rays are..finally expressed in terms of the equivalent frequency in Rydberg units.

1935 Jrnl. Chem. Physics 3 563/2 The first choice would lower all [energy] values by 2·3 Rydberg units.

2003 L. J. Curtis Atomic Struct. & Lifetimes ii. 32 The total energies quoted here are of the order of thousands of Rydberg units.

5. Rydberg state n. each of the energy states of an atom given by the Rydberg formula; spec. an energy state in which an orbital electron has an exceptionally high value of n, the principal quantum number, so that the electron is very loosely bound, and the atom has distinctive properties (cf. Rydberg atom n. at sense 6).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > unit of energy

Rydberg unit1926

Rydberg state1940

Rydberg1954

1940 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 174 211 No vibration frequencies could be established for Rydberg states higher than the third.

1953 Proc. Physical Soc. A. 66 214 The strong bands below 1500 Å..represent transitions to fairly high vibrational levels of the Rydberg states.

1969 Science 4 Apr. 93/2 Some fine structure is obscured by the peaks corresponding to Rydberg states.

1981 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) May 113/1 In our laboratory we excite the alkali atoms to Rydberg states with pulsed tunable dye lasers.

2004 N. Kuthirummal & P. M. Weber in M. M. Martin & J. T. Hynes Femtochem. & Femtobiol. i. 37 We applied a newly developed technique that uses photoionization via Rydberg states as a probe.

6. Rydberg atom n. an atom in a Rydberg state (with a very loosely bound electron).The properties of a Rydberg atom typically include a very large electric dipole moment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > atomic structure > types of

Rutherford atom1913

Bohr atom1923

shell structure1955

Rydberg atom1971

1971 Jrnl. Chem. Physics 54 3135/1 It seems probable that the detected Rydberg atoms have a range of principal quantum numbers, perhaps from n = 15 to n = 25.

1992 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Jan. 79/1 Stationary states, or wave patterns, associated with the energy levels of a Rydberg atoms (a highly excited hydrogen atom) in a strong magnetic field can exhibit chaotic qualities.

2007 Adv. in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics 54 153 Cold Rydberg-atom gases are known to ionize and evolve into plasmas at high densities.

II. Simple uses.

7. The unit of wave number, cm⁻¹. Cf. kayser n. rare. disused.

ΚΠ

1951 C. Candler in Nature 21 Apr. 649 Call ‘cm.⁻¹’ by some new name, such as ‘Rydberg’, however, and the difficulty disappears. Absorptions can be conveniently recorded in ‘kilo-rydbergs’... The name ‘Rydberg’ was suggested to me many years ago by Prof. H. Dingle.

8. Also with lower-case initial. = Rydberg unit n. at sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > unit of energy

Rydberg unit1926

Rydberg state1940

Rydberg1954

1954 Physical Rev. 94 1519/2 (caption) Energy integrals (in Rydbergs) for diamond.

1975 Nature 27 Mar. 297/2 The luminosity of this radiation is L_i = 1·9 × 10⁸L₀..if the energy per photon is 2 rydberg.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rydberg
释义	Rydbergn. Brit. /ˈrɪdbəːɡ/, U.S. /ˈrɪdˌbərɡ/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Rydberg. Etymology: < the name of Johannes Robert Rydberg (1854–1919), Swedish physicist, who first presented the formula which was later named after him in a meeting of the department of mathematics and physics of Lund Polytechnic on November 5, 1888. Physics. I. Compounds. 1. Rydberg formula n. (also Rydberg's formula) an equation giving the wave numbers of the spectral lines of hydrogen or hydrogen-like atoms, esp. of a hypothetical atom having a nucleus of infinite mass.The Rydberg formula for a hydrogen-like atom is ¹/ _λ = RZ²(¹/ _n² − ¹/ _m²), where λ is the wavelength of the light, R is the Rydberg constant, Z is the atomic number of the atom, and n and m are whole numbers, with m > n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > component of wave number > formula giving wave numbers Rydberg formula1897 1897 Astrophysical Jrnl. 5 206 The closed formula above given agrees almost perfectly with Rydberg's formula. 1913 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 26 12 The constant K entering in Rydberg's formula is the same for all substances. 1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 345 The separation is exact to one unit of wave number and the position within 10 Å of that calculated by a Rydberg formula. 1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory vii. 97 For the doublet series of these elements Rydberg formulae held with 4R. 2003 L. J. Curtis Atomic Struct. & Lifetimes iii. 47 In the Rydberg formula, these binding energies are described by a hydrogenlike Balmer formula. 2. Rydberg constant n. (also Rydberg's constant) a constant which appears in the Rydberg formula of an atom, which is a function of the rest mass and the charge of the electron, the speed of light, and Planck's constant. Symbol R.In the case of a hypothetical atom with a nucleus of infinite mass, the constant is approx. equal to 1·097 ×10⁷ m⁻¹. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > component of wave number > formula giving wave numbers > constant appearing in Rydberg constant1900 R1920 1900 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 149 202 Nor did they find that Rydberg's constant N⁰ was an absolute constant. 1920 Science 21 May 506/2 Let us consider the values of the Rydberg constant for hydrogen and for ionized helium. 1955 C. G. Darwin in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 7 A theory has been made which succeeds in yielding a particular number—here Rydberg's constant—from quantities all of which are known. 1979 Sci. Amer. Mar. 74/3 The Rydberg constant is now defined as this combination of m, e and h. 2002 J. S. Rigden Hydrogen (2003) xix. 210 The Rydberg constant is now known with sufficient accuracy that it may become the basis for a new definition of the second. 3. Rydberg correction n. a correction term in the equation giving the energy of the single electron in the outermost shell of hydrogen-like atoms, arising because the inner shells do not completely screen the electron from the nucleus; a correction made to the Rydberg formula in order to allow for the finite mass of the nucleus. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > unit of energy > correction Rydberg correction1924 1924 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 126 ii. 361 (title) The Rydberg correction and the radius of ions. 1974 G. Reece tr. F. Hund Hist. Quantum Theory vii. 95 Schroedinger in 1921 realized that the essential point for the interpretation of the large ‘Rydberg corrections’ was that the s orbits dipped deep into the atom. 2001 M. Böhm et al. Gauge Theories Strong & Electroweak Interaction (ed. 3) iii. 497 The effects of the finiteness of the nuclear mass, the Rydberg corrections, are very small. 4. Rydberg unit n. A unit of energy derived from the Rydberg constant, equal to approx. 2·425 × 10⁻¹⁸ joule. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > unit of energy Rydberg unit1926 Rydberg state1940 Rydberg1954 1926 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 113 283 The energies of the secondary cathode rays are..finally expressed in terms of the equivalent frequency in Rydberg units. 1935 Jrnl. Chem. Physics 3 563/2 The first choice would lower all [energy] values by 2·3 Rydberg units. 2003 L. J. Curtis Atomic Struct. & Lifetimes ii. 32 The total energies quoted here are of the order of thousands of Rydberg units. 5. Rydberg state n. each of the energy states of an atom given by the Rydberg formula; spec. an energy state in which an orbital electron has an exceptionally high value of n, the principal quantum number, so that the electron is very loosely bound, and the atom has distinctive properties (cf. Rydberg atom n. at sense 6). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > unit of energy Rydberg unit1926 Rydberg state1940 Rydberg1954 1940 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 174 211 No vibration frequencies could be established for Rydberg states higher than the third. 1953 Proc. Physical Soc. A. 66 214 The strong bands below 1500 Å..represent transitions to fairly high vibrational levels of the Rydberg states. 1969 Science 4 Apr. 93/2 Some fine structure is obscured by the peaks corresponding to Rydberg states. 1981 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) May 113/1 In our laboratory we excite the alkali atoms to Rydberg states with pulsed tunable dye lasers. 2004 N. Kuthirummal & P. M. Weber in M. M. Martin & J. T. Hynes Femtochem. & Femtobiol. i. 37 We applied a newly developed technique that uses photoionization via Rydberg states as a probe. 6. Rydberg atom n. an atom in a Rydberg state (with a very loosely bound electron).The properties of a Rydberg atom typically include a very large electric dipole moment. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > [noun] > atomic structure > types of Rutherford atom1913 Bohr atom1923 shell structure1955 Rydberg atom1971 1971 Jrnl. Chem. Physics 54 3135/1 It seems probable that the detected Rydberg atoms have a range of principal quantum numbers, perhaps from n = 15 to n = 25. 1992 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Jan. 79/1 Stationary states, or wave patterns, associated with the energy levels of a Rydberg atoms (a highly excited hydrogen atom) in a strong magnetic field can exhibit chaotic qualities. 2007 Adv. in Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics 54 153 Cold Rydberg-atom gases are known to ionize and evolve into plasmas at high densities. II. Simple uses. 7. The unit of wave number, cm⁻¹. Cf. kayser n. rare. disused. ΚΠ 1951 C. Candler in Nature 21 Apr. 649 Call ‘cm.⁻¹’ by some new name, such as ‘Rydberg’, however, and the difficulty disappears. Absorptions can be conveniently recorded in ‘kilo-rydbergs’... The name ‘Rydberg’ was suggested to me many years ago by Prof. H. Dingle. 8. Also with lower-case initial. = Rydberg unit n. at sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > electron shell > [noun] > unit of energy Rydberg unit1926 Rydberg state1940 Rydberg1954 1954 Physical Rev. 94 1519/2 (caption) Energy integrals (in Rydbergs) for diamond. 1975 Nature 27 Mar. 297/2 The luminosity of this radiation is L_i = 1·9 × 10⁸L₀..if the energy per photon is 2 rydberg. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1897
随便看	goose saw goose teal goose without gravy goose-bane goose-barnacle goose-beak goose-bean goose-bearing goose-bill goose-bone goose-breast goose-cap goose-capical goose-cart goose-chase goose-chasing goose-chite god'uds precious blood god'uds precious body god'uds precious etc god'uds precious heart god, christ give god, etc foryield god, etc foryield it god, heaven, lord send