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单词 safe conduct
释义

safe conductn.

Brit. /ˌseɪf ˈkɒndʌkt/, U.S. /ˌseɪf ˈkɑnˌdək(t)/
Forms: see safe adj. and conduct n.1
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French sauf conduit.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman sauf condut, sauf cunduit, sauf cunduyt, Anglo-Norman and Middle French sauf conduyt and Old French saf conduit , salf conduit , Old French, Middle French sau conduit, sauf conduit, Middle French sauf condit, saulf conduit permission to travel to and from a particular place without being arrested (c1175; French sauf-conduit ), document granting permission to travel freely in a particular area (late 14th cent.) < sauf safe adj. + conduit conduct n.1 Compare Old Occitan salcondug, salvconduch (both 2nd half of the 14th cent.), Spanish salvoconduto (1st half of the 15th cent.), Portuguese salvo-conduto (15th cent.), Italian salvocondotto (a1348), salvacondotto (mid 16th cent.), post-classical Latin salvus conductus (frequently from a1150 in British sources; compare earlier conductus in this sense (from early 11th cent.; from c1125 in British sources)), securus conductus (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources), and also Middle Dutch saufconduit (a1488; also as soveconduut, saulfconduut, saufconduyt, saufconduict; Dutch saufconduit; < French).The following apparently shows a borrowing of the English word into post-classical Latin in the work of a British writer:1392–3 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 179 Pro scriptura et sigillacione vnius saueconducti Ducis de Stulpez.
1.
a. The privilege, granted by a monarch or other authority, of being protected from arrest or harm while making a particular journey or travelling within a certain region. Also in (also with) safe-conduct, under (also upon) (a) safe-conduct.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > authorization to travel to, from, or in a country > [noun] > safe-conduct
safe conductc1325
safeguarda1413
cowle1688
the world > action or operation > safety > [noun] > safety or security > guaranteed security > guarantee of safety > safe-conduct
safe conductc1325
conduct1530
sureguard1604
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 10226 (MED) To vinde him gode borewes, & sauf condut al so.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 260 In stede of messengeres, saue condite vs gyue. Þorgh þi lond to go in þin auowrie, Þat non vs robbe ne slo, for þi curteysie.
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 935 For þei of pryde, with-outen any leue Or safcondyte, han þe stronde y-take.
a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) l. 3617 Ye schole gon in saff coundyte; No man schal do ye despyte.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) viii. xxxii. sig. sviiiv Thenne the Barons sente for syr Tristram vnder a sauf conduyte.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 87 Gif a man be tane prisonare apon ane otheris sauf condyt.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin v. 82 Thei hadde saf condite to returne to Tintagel.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xxxiiij Then the capitayne sent woorde that with saufeconduyte he would come and speke with the kynges counsayll.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 254 Graunting to all commers out of euery Countrie safe conduyte to come and go.
a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 83 The Earle gat saif cundit to come throw Ingland.
1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 238 Sixtus V, and Clement VIII, granted Safe-conduct to the Maranes, to remain,..without being molested or disturbed by the Inquisitors.
1701 J. Gordon Remarks L'Estrange's Edition Æsops Fables 23 He was basely and barbarously murdered in his own Lodging, notwithstanding the safe Conduct the King had given him.
1794 J. Moore Jrnl. Resid. France II. 334 He addressed the President of the Convention, that he might be allowed a safe-conduct to enable him to perform the honourable task which he had solicited.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge lxxi. 354 The task of conveying one female in safety through such scenes as we must encounter..is enough... If you accept the service I tender..she shall be instantly placed in safe conduct.
1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar iv. 35 He had come over under a safe conduct, and he was not detained.
1887 H. R. Haggard Jess xxi. 194 A pass..giving you and Miss Jess Croft a safe conduct to Mooifontein.
1932 H. Last Cambr. Anc. Hist. IX. iii. 120 One of the praetors..was commissioned to fetch Jugurtha to Rome... Under safe-conduct he duly came.
1983 A. Mason Illusionist vii. 241 He began by inviting their chief to a meeting under guarantee of safe-conduct and then sending him in chains to Rome.
b. An official document authorizing a person to travel under this privilege of protection.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > formal or authoritative permission > a formal or authoritative permission
safe conduct?1404
licence1433
royalty1633
fiat1647
licent1676
liceat1686
privilege1715
sanction1720
smart ticket1734
post warrant1812
sanctionment1818
wine-warrant1857
carnet1926
society > travel > aspects of travel > authorization to travel to, from, or in a country > [noun] > safe-conduct > document
safe conduct?1404
acquitc1460
conduct1530
sureguard1604
safeguard1633
protection1659
salvoconducto1955
?1404 J. Skydmore Let. 5 July in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 20 And ther y was and spake with hym [sc. Owen Glendower] upon truys, and prayed of a saufconduyt under his seal to send home my wif and hir moder and thaire mayne.
1473 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 67 Traistand at the said Inglisman had na saulf conduct, and thareftir he schew a conduct.
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 503 Some shewid his salfecundight, some shewid his charter.
1595 E. Hoby tr. L.-V. de La Popelinière Hist. France i. 52 The fathers..exhorted them to make themselues ready, so as, when the safe conduct of the Emperour Sigismond should be..sent vnto them, they might presently set forwards on their iournie.
1620 Sir R. Naunton in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 115 And humbly praies his Majesties signature to this safe conduct here inclosed.
1633 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures vi. 15 A safe conduct, written and assigned with thine own hand.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 401 Such goods as are brought into this country by an alien enemy..without a safe-conduct or passport.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 576 Feversham was asked for his safe conduct. He had none.
1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xiv. 122 The safe conduct granted them on their departure is dated on the 27th of July.
1918 Bull. School Oriental Stud. (1964) 1 89 He let him go, giving him a piece of stamped clay to serve as a safe-conduct.
a1969 D. Heaton-Armstrong Six Month Kingdom (2005) xxix. 168 With plenty of cash and the Austrian and German safe-conducts in my pocket.
1990 Illustr. London News Christmas No. 29/1 A passport was a mere credential, a safe-conduct..in Tsarist Russia.
2. The action of conducting or convoying in safety, esp. of providing protection from harm in making a journey; safe convoy.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun]
conductc1290
safe conduct?a1400
guidance1590
direction1596
wayfare1876
the world > action or operation > safety > [noun] > making safe > conducting or conveying in safety
safe conduct?a1400
safe convoy1636
society > travel > transport > [noun] > under escort > safe-conduct
safe conduct?a1400
safe convoy1636
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 80 He praied þam of alle þing..To haf saf condite, vnto þe New Kastelle. & Hugh did as he hight, led þam sauely welle.
1529 Househ. Bk. Hen. VIII in Trevelyan Papers (Camden) 152 For the costes of him and such other with him, as attended upon the salve conduct of the said moneye.
1589 E. Hogan in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 156 For my safe conduite to the Court he had sent foure Captaines.
1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 481 And give them such safe Conduct and Convoie, as they shall reasonably require.
1689 R. Cox Hibernia Anglicana: Pt. 1 App. xvi. 63 All Women and Children shall be permitted..to depart to what place they please, with a safe conduct or convoy if they desire it.
1835 New Monthly Mag. 44 306 Her boy was bound on an errand to Constantinople, and she wished safe-conduct for him.
1858 M. F. Tupper Alfred iii. ii. 32 I will not tempt their god. Give them safe conduct through the lines.
1913 in G. E. Morrison Corr. (1978) II. 204 He asked that arrangements should be made for his safe conduct through the Chinese lines to Kalgan.
2005 J. Whyte Eagle (2007) xii. 471 We..will demand safe conduct through his territories..to wherever he may choose to meet with us.
3. figurative and in figurative contexts (in senses 1 and 2), esp. with reference to the spiritual journey to salvation. Cf. passport n.1 6e. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > [noun] > safety or security > guaranteed security > guarantee of safety
safeguarda1413
safe conduct?a1439
acquitc1460
soverance1488
security1623
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. l. 259 (MED) A man that is enarmed in vertu..Hath a saufconduit ageyn thi variaunce!
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 112 Vn-to synnerys, that deye repentaunt, To yive pardon off hys benynge graunt, [The] Wych ys to hem, vn-to ther refut, Proteccyon and true sauff-conduit, Hem to save, that thay be nat lorn.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bvv In heuynesse, feblenes, and trouble of ennemyes, it is our conforte, our strength, saueconducte, and peas.
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason Epist. to Kyng sig. Av This worke maie now at the first enteraunce haue the saufe conduict and protection of your moste Royall Maiestie.
1568 V. Skinner tr. R. González de Montes Discouery Inquisition of Spayne f. 73 God vnder his mighty protection, and by his owne safeconduct, brought that holy burthen thether.
1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 267 Being as we are fallen into the most grievous sinnes, we do live, and go so contented, as though we had receiued of God a safeconduit to be saued.
1673 M. Poole Seasonable Apol. for Relig. 34 Christians have great need to pray to God for wisdom,..for their own safe conduct to eternal life.
1731 C. Owen Relig. Gratitude i. 9 The Christian's life should be as a convoy and safe-conduct to those about him.
1766 A. Bower Hist. Popes VII. 150 The Emperor..could grant no Safe Conduct to the Prejudice of the Faith or the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction.
1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI xcv. 111 Safe conduct through the rocks of re-elections.
1872 J. R. Lowell Wks. (1890) IV. 102 A great controlling reason in whose safe-conduct we trust implicitly.
1902 R. Barr Prince of Good Fellows 25 The parchment does not say safe conduct back into Stirling again. Safe conduct to Heaven, or elsewhere, was what I guaranteed.

Compounds

General attributive, as safe-conduct letter, safe-conduct papers, safe-conduct pass, etc.
ΚΠ
1850 United Service Mag. Oct. 279 The captain had dispatched a flag of truce to Vienna, which returned shortly, with a safe conduct pass signed by Shuselka.
1866 S. Andrews South since War xiv. 131 Some of them [sc. delegates to the first negro convention in a Southern State]..are asking safe-conduct papers from the military authorities.
1918 L. E. Ruggles Navy Explained 135 Neutral countries sometimes issue safe conduct warrants to officers of warring nations.
1975 M. U. Edwards Luther & False Brethren iii. 76 Why should I foolishly expose myself to so many dangers..when you are both willing and able to request a safe-conduct letter from the princes?
1984 S. Terkel Good War (1985) iv. i. 418 We would use our asylum ambulances, put our refugees in straitjackets, and move them that way... They didn't have safe-conduct papers.
2003 M. B. Salter Rights of Passage ii. 13 The safe-conduct pass is a clear example of the dual functions of the sovereign.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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