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单词 sabbatical
释义

sabbaticaladj.n.

/saˈbatɪkəl/
Forms: Also with capital initial and 1700s sabbathical.
Etymology: < modern Latin *sabbaticus (see sabbatic adj. and n.) + -al suffix1.
A. adj.
1.
a. Pertaining to or appropriate to the Sabbath.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > liturgical year > Sabbath > [adjective]
Sabbatary1613
Dominical1623
Sabbatariana1631
sabbatical1645
sabbatic1649
Sabbathine1850
1645 City Alarum 20 The formerly mentioned are but our working dayes abuses, now followes our seventh and Sabbaticall errour, wherein we seeme to rest.
1801 J. Corry Satir. View London 123 The curate is so far from being prepared for his sabbatical avocation, that he is often engaged during the week in some worldly pursuit.
1849 H. Miller Foot-prints of Creator 308 It serves, besides, to throw light on the prominence of the Sabbatical command.
1877 M. Oliphant Carita II. xxxi. 291 This, too, was a kind of solemn sabbatical exercise.
1892 A. Birrell Res Judicatæ ii. 38 A sabbatical calm results from the contemplation of his labours.
b. Sabbatical river: an imaginary river celebrated in Jewish legend, which was said to observe the Sabbath. Similarly Sabbatical pool: see quot. 1649.The legend of the ‘sabbatical river’ existed in two discrepant forms: cf. quots. 1671 (after Josephus) and 1849.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > types of river > [noun] > specific
headwater1535
Sabbatical river1613
salt river1659
tide-river1739
river pirate1743
salmon river1753
artery1787
warp-river1799
feeder1825
lost river1843
banker1848
tidal river1877
pirate1889
the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > other types
weelc897
lowa1200
sougha1300
plungec1450
Sabbatical pool1613
slough1714
tinaja1835
rock pool1836
pokelogan1848
salmon pool1866
plunge pool1870
Strandbad1939
solar pool1960
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 519 This was the issue of their Pilgrimage to the Sabbaticall streame, which they supposed to finde in this Persian Gulfe.
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. xiv. 51 The sabbaticall pool in Judea, which was dry six dayes, but gushed out in a full stream upon the sabbath.
1671 E. Stillingfleet Serm. (1673) viii. 151 The famous Sabbatical River..which for 6. days bear's all before it..: the admirable nature of that River is, that it keeps the Sabbath and rests all that day.
1849 H. W. Longfellow Kavanagh xi. (1857) 221 And must my life, then, be always like the Sabbatical river of the Jews, flowing in full stream only on the seventh day?
c. Of the nature of a Sabbath or period of rest.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [adjective] > at or having leisure > having time off
watch-free1581
off1826
sabbatical1836
off duty1852
spare1919
1836 H. Taylor Statesman xi. 79 It were to be wished that he should set apart from business, not only a sabbatical day in each week, but if it be possible a sabbatical hour in each day!
2.
a. sabbatical year n. the seventh year, prescribed by the Mosaic law to be observed as a ‘Sabbath’ in which the land was to remain untilled and all debtors and Israelitish slaves were to be released. Also allusively.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [noun] > time off > specific
sabbatical year1599
tea interval1923
1599 R. Pont Newe Treat. Right Reckoning of Yeares 2 These Sabbaticall yeares.
1656 A. Cowley Davideis ii. 66 (note) in Poems From hence contracts, and the account of Sabbatical years and Jubilees bare date.
1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 19 Neither Seventh Days.., nor Sabbath Days, nor Sabbathical Years,..is now any more obligatory to us.
1828 E. Irving Last Days p. viii May it prove unto us as a sabbatical year of rest!
b. sabbatical millenary, sabbatical millennium: the last of the seven thousands of years which (on the analogy of the seven days of the creation) were supposed to form the destined term of the world's existence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [noun] > ending of existence > the last millennium
sabbatical millenary1646
sabbatical millennium1814
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. i. 278 He conceaveth the Elementall frame shall end in the seventh or Sabbaticall millenary . View more context for this quotation
1814 J. Christie Ess. Worship Elements 11 The supposed continuance of this earth as many thousand years, the last thousand of which, it was reported, would be a Sabbatical Millenium.
c. Originally U.S. Designating a period of leave from duty granted to university teachers at certain intervals (originally every seven years) for the purposes of study and travel; spec. in sabbatical year (cf. sense A. 2a). Now frequently transferred, designating rest or absence from other occupations, professions, or activities. sabbatical officer n. a person granted sabbatical leave (from work or study) for the performance of a certain office.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [noun] > sabbatical year
sabbatical year1886
sabbatical1934
society > leisure > [adjective] > relating to or constituting a period of leisure
feriate?a1500
ferialc1500
succisive1619
rope yarn1823
sabbatical1886
recessional1895
sabbatic1905
society > education > educational administration > university administration > [adjective] > sabbatical
sabbatical1886
sabbatic1905
1880 Ann. Rep. Pres. & Treas. of Harvard Coll. 1879–80 19 The Corporation adopted, on the 31st of May, 1880, new rules with regard to leave of absence for professors and assistant professors... The Corporation have decided that they will grant occasional leave of absence for one year on half-pay, provided that no professor have such leave oftener than once in seven years.]
1886 E. N. Horsford Scheme adopted by Trustees, Wellesley Coll. 8 To each of the heads of the above departments the Sabbatical Grant contemplates that every seventh year of her academic service from a given date, she shall be eligible to have..a year's leave of absence, to be passed in Europe, and with it her half-yearly salary. If for any reason an eligible officer declines the Sabbatical Year, the grant in her case may be offered to another equally eligible.
1892 W. James Let. 13 July (1920) I. 321 Only why talk of ‘sabbatical’ years?
1903 N.Y. Evening Post 19 Sept. Professors Willcox and Kendall will be absent during the year on sabbatical leave.
1905 N.Y. Evening Post 23 Sept. 8 Professors Allinson, Sears and Hill are spending their sabbatical year of absence in foreign travel and study.
1909 O. H. Ball Their Oxf. Year 5 He was entitled to start on his Sabbatical Year.
1926 B. Russell On Educ. iii. xviii. 242 Every university teacher ought to have a Sabbatical year (one in every seven) to be spent in foreign universities or in otherwise acquiring knowledge of what is being done abroad.
1949 Time 18 Dec. 12/2 Kennan announced that he was leaving the State Department ‘on sabbatical leave’.
1962 Times 12 Apr. 18/2 The break-up of his subsequent marriage impels him to escape from England and to spend a ‘sabbatical year’ in travel.
1972 Nature 4 Feb. 277/2 On sabbatical leave from the Department of Therapeutic Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
1976 Postmaster (Merton Coll., Oxf.) 30 A union of university students, with clearly defined objectives, and with no sabbatical officers.
1976 Gramophone Apr. 1575/3 I'm doing it on May 9th with Rostropovich in the last concert before I take off a sabbatical year, promised to my wife when I reached sixty.
B. n.
A period of sabbatical leave; a sabbatical year (cf. sense A. 2c above). Frequently in on (a) sabbatical.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > [noun] > sabbatical year
sabbatical year1886
sabbatical1934
society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > sabbatical leave
sabbatical1934
1934 in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang.
1946 H. Howe We Happy Few 18 Then when Papa had his sabbatical, we went to Paris.
1958 Manch. Guardian 7 June 1/6 Parliament will be reconstituted after a six-month sabbatical.
1961 Harper's Bazaar Dec. 47/2 The ultimate in holidays is the ‘sabbatical’, a term which business is taking over from the academic world.
1978 L. Heren Growing up on The Times iii. 102 Pat found a furnished flat, which belonged to an academic on a sabbatical in the United States.

Derivatives

saˈbbatically adv.
ΚΠ
1847 B. Disraeli Tancred I. ii. xv. 313 He sabbatically abstains from the debate or the rubber.
saˈbbaticalness n.
ΚΠ
1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Sabbaticalness, the Being of the Nature or Quality of a Sabbath.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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adj.n.1599
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