Saturnn.

Brit.

/ˈsatəːn/,

/ˈsat(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈsædərn/

Forms:

α. Old English–1500s Saturnus, Middle English Satournus, Middle English Saturnes.

β. Old English Saturn, Middle English Satorn, Middle English Satorne, Middle English Satourn, Middle English Satourne, Middle English–1600s Saturne, Middle English– Saturn.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Sāturnus.

Etymology: < classical Latin Sāturnus Saturn, an ancient Roman god (commonly identified with the Greek Cronus), the planet Saturn, in post-classical Latin also lead (from 13th cent. in British sources; in this sense also saturnum).Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French Saturne (frequently from the 12th cent. as the name of the Roman god and of the planet). In Old English α. forms also with Latin case inflection. With use in sense 2 compare also Old English Saturnes steorra, lit. ‘Saturn's star’ (compare classical Latin Saturni stella):lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xxxvi. 340 Mihtest þe feran mid þære sunnan betwyx þam tunglum..and siððan to þam cealdan stiorran þe we hatað Saturnes steorra.

1. In Roman religion and mythology: an ancient god, regarded as a god of agriculture.Saturn was an ancient Italic god, who during the classical period became identified with the Greek god Cronus, who was deposed from his position as sovereign of the gods by his son Zeus (Jupiter in Roman mythology), after attempting to prevent this by devouring his own offspring. He later also became associated with old age and the passage of time. He was celebrated at the Roman festival of Saturnalia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > Saturn

SaturneOE

sickle-bear1605

eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxii. 487 Iob Saturnes [sunu sceo]lde bion se hehsta god.

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 384 Hwilce godnysse hæfde eower god Saturnus þe abat his suna þonne hi geborene wæron, swa swa his biggengan on heora bocum awriton?

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6937 We habbeð godes..þe we luuieð..Phebus..Saturnus..Mercurius.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2428 Oure bileue..in þe heye godes is ido Saturnus & Iubiter & alle þe oþere al so.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. l. 4530 (MED) From olde Saturne drauh thyn affeccioun, His goldene world fulli despisyng.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. vi. 39 By quham the land of Saturn, war and wys, Hes left and changit his auld name oft sys.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xcviii. sig. G When proud pide Aprill..Hath put a spirit of youth in euery thing: That heauie Saturne laught and leapt with him.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 519 Or who with Saturn old Fled over Adria to th' Hesperian Fields.

1744 Trav. Late Charles Thompson I. 123 The Frontispiece of the Church dedicated to St. Adrian is Part of the ancient Temple of Saturn, which was a very strong Building, and made use of by the Romans for a publick Treasury.

1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound ii. iv. 83 Saturn, from whose throne Time fell.

1867 Banter 9 Sept. 22/2 When Saturn asked her for a child she gave him a stone.

1902 J. McCabe St. Augustine & his Age ii. 27 The proconsul Tiberius had suppressed the fiendish elements of the cult of Saturn by hanging its obstinate priests on the trees surrounding their temple.

2016 Times (Nexis) 7 July 36 Like Saturn, the European referendum campaign is still devouring its own children.

2. (The name of) the sixth planet in order of average distance from the sun, the second-largest planet of the solar system.The most distant of the planets commonly visible to the naked eye, Saturn is a gas giant surrounded by a complex planar ring system composed of icy particles (cf. ring n.¹ 7e). It has a dense hydrogen-rich atmosphere, similar to that of Jupiter but with less distinct banding, and has over sixty moons (besides many moonlets which orbit within the ring system).In Astrology, on account of its remoteness and slow movement, Saturn supposedly causes coldness, sluggishness, and gloominess of temperament in people born under its influence, and has a generally malign effect on human affairs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [noun] > Saturn

SaturnOE

OE Ælfric Interrogationes Sigewulfi in Genesin (Corpus Cambr. 162) xxi, in Anglia (1884) 7 14 Ðone ufemyston [planet] heton þa hæþenan Saturnus, se gefylð his ryne on þrittig geara fyrste.

lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xxxix. 360 Saturnus se steorra ne cymð þær ær ymb ðritig wintra þær he ær wæs.

c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 420 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 311 One steorre hath with-oute mo, þat planete i-cleoped is. Ichulle nemmen heore seoue names and formest bi-guynne hext: Saturnus is al a-boue.

c1350 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1901) 106 351 Saturnus..In his tyde is wikkede.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 882 (MED) Here Sterres..Saturn and Jupiter..Thei have..Attitled to here oghne name.

c1460 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 737 (MED) Satourn disposith to malencolye.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 31 Though Venus gouerne your desires, Saturne is dominator ouer mine.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 72 The first that have well observed this Shadow of Saturn's Body upon its Ring.

1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xvi. 230 Inform them that Saturn has five Moons of the same kind attending him.

1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 634 The moons of Jove, and Saturn's belted ball.

1883 Chautauquan May 441/2 The house of marriage was inhabited by Venus, Mars and Saturn, but fortunately the first was to predominate.

1948 C. Sly How to bowl them Out x. 75 The ball..resembles the planet Saturn in that it has a ring or projecting ridge round its waist..known as the seam.

2013 Sky at Night Apr. 3/2 Saturn has slowly been moving into the early evening skies this year.

3. Alchemy and Chemistry. The metal lead. See also Phrases and Compounds. Now historical.Quot. a1393 shows an earlier association of lead with the planet; cf. also moon n.¹ 9a, Mars n.¹ 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > other alchemical substances or theories > [noun] > lead

Saturnc1405

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 2471 (MED) The mone of Selver hath his part, And Iren that stant upon Mart; The Led after Satorne groweth.]

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 828 Sol gold is..Saturnus leed and Iuppiter is tyn.

a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 8 And ȝe quenche mars in whiȝt wiyn or in comoun watir manye tymes, and aftirward in þe same wiyn or watir ȝe caste saturne liquified ofte tymes, þanne wiþoute doute ȝe schal fynde þat þe saturne is maad riȝt hard.

1651 J. French Art Distillation iii. 73 Take of the Calx of Saturn, or else Minium.

1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 49 The Alchymists..bestowed on the seven Metals..the names of the seven Planets of the Ancients... Thus Gold was called Sol, Silver Luna, Copper Venus, Tin Jupiter, Lead Saturn, Iron Mars, and Quick-silver Mercury.

1883 J. G. R. Forlong Rivers of Life II. vii. 65 (table) La=Saturn=Lead.

1963 R. F. C. Hull tr. C. G. Jung Mysterium Coniunctionis in Coll. Wks. XIV. vi. 493 Saturn (lead) is one of the best known synonyms for the prima materia.

2013 A. Channing Chem. Serpents (Silver ed.) 58 Saturn, the metal lead, represents the start of the Nigredo, the Black stage.

4. Heraldry. The tincture sable, as used in the fanciful blazon of arms of sovereign houses. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [noun] > colour > black

sable1352

dwale1562

diamond1572

Saturn1572

sab1655

sa1780

1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 58^v The fielde is parted per fesse, Iupiter and Saturne, a goate saliant, of the moone.

1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie i. sig. G2 It is now an Eagle Saturn, in a Field Sol, which kind of bearing the Heralds call most rich.

1725 A. Crossly Peerage of Ireland 190 An Eagle display'd with two Heads Saturn.

1905 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Antiquaries Ireland 35 239 The principal colour was saturn or sable, otherwise black, which in heraldry is believed to imply vengeance.

1950 C. W. Scott-Giles Boutell's Heraldry (rev. ed.) iv. 29 One of the fancies introduced in the 16th century was that in the arms of Sovereigns, tinctures should be represented by heavenly bodies (Sol for gold, Saturn for black, etc.).

Phrases

extract of Saturn n. now historical lead acetate (sugar of lead). [After French extrait de Saturne (1751 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1769 tr. T. Goulard Treat. Effects Lead 26 The extract of Saturn [Fr. L'Extrait de Saturne] is an excellent resource.

1902 Western Druggist Nov. 639/1 Extract of saturn is solution of lead subacetate (liquor plumbi subacetatis).

2003 I. McCalman tr. G. Casanova in Seven Ordeals Count Cagliostro i. 60 All the arcane secrets of nature:..the grand properties of the extract of Saturn.

salt of Saturn n. now historical lead acetate (sugar of lead). [After post-classical Latin sal Saturni (1573 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1590 J. Hester tr. J. Du Chesne Sclopotarie v. 91 Out of Saturne calcined is drawne a sweetish salt in Balneo with distilled vineger powring it so often vppon the Feces vntill it draw no more. [margin] Salt of Saturne.

1652 Excellencie Physick & Chirurgerie Pref. in tr. L. Fioravanti Three Exact Pieces iii. sig. Qq4 Salts of Spices, and other things, as of Cloves, Ginger, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Urine, Armoniack of Amber, Vinegar, Salt or Sugar of Saturne.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Salt of Saturn, otherwise call'd Saccharum Saturni, or Sugar of Lead, is the Body of that Metal, open'd and reduc'd to the form of a Salt, by Distilled Vinegar.

1911 E. C. Hill Text-bk. Chem. (ed. 2) 632 Salt of Saturn. Lead acetate, Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂.

2003 Hist. Stud. Physical & Biol. Sci. 34 61 What prompted him to add the test with salt of Saturn, which had been recommended by Duclos in 1669, but ignored?

spirit of Saturn n. now historical a flammable liquid distilled from lead acetate, consisting of acetone perhaps with some glacial acetic acid. [After post-classical Latin spiritus Saturni (1566 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1594 H. Plat Jewell House 89 To congeale Mercurie with the spirit of Saturne.

1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ii. 74/2 This Spirit of Saturn, drawn from its Salt, is an inflamable Liquor, and is thus made: ℞ Salt of Saturn, so much as may fill your Glaβ or Earthen Retort two thirds full; put it into a Furnace [etc.].

1778 J. Aikin tr. A. Beaumé Man. Chem. 328 (heading) Spirit of Saturn.

1962 Chymia 8 97 The most frequently used source was lead acetate, and consequently acetone was known as spirit of Saturn.

Compounds

Saturn cinnabar n. rare red lead (lead tetroxide, Pb₃O₄). [Compare German Saturnzinnober (1879 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1892 W. Crookes tr. R. von Wagner Man. Chem. Technol. 480 Minium, orange minium, Paris red, gold cinnabar, Saturn cinnabar, mineral orange (Pb₃O₄).

1956 J. S. Anderson tr. H. Remy Treat. Inorg. Chem. I. xii. 548 A minium of still brighter orange red color, (Paris red, saturn cinnabar) is obtained by starting with the oxide obtained from the decomposition of lead carbonate or nitrate.

Saturn red n. red lead, used as a pigment; the orange-red colour of this. [Compare French rouge de Saturne (1698 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1875 Manuel du Pensionnat en 3 Langues (ed. 2) 253 Rouge de Saturne..Saturn-red, orange-red.

1892 Astron. & Astro-physics 11 450 The various stones tried were a piece of brown lava from Vesuvius..and two pieces of brick, one an orange red, and the other the color of dragon's blood. The former may be best represented by dragon's blood with a little Saturn red in it.

1947 Lily Year Bk. (Royal Hort Soc.) 42 The colour is Saturn Red of the Colour Chart, and there are numerous small dark spots.

2002 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Conservation 41 237/2 To obtain an orange-red color, painters used red lead, also known as minium or Saturn red.

Saturn's tree n. now rare a branching crystalline mass of lead deposited from a solution of a lead salt; = lead-tree n. (b) at lead n.¹ Compounds 3a. [Translating post-classical Latin arbor Saturni (1804 or earlier).]

ΚΠ

1854 F. A. Abel & C. L. Bloxam Hand-bk. Chem. 505 The so called Saturn's tree is obtained by suspending a bundle of zinc-turnings in a solution of acetate of lead.

1897 Electr. Engineer 19 Nov. 646/1 The production of lead in a spongy form by the action of zinc upon a solution of the former metal, resulting in the arborescent crystals commonly known as Saturn's tree.

1989 New Scientist 23 Dec. 59/1 The alchemical legacy allows chemists, for example, to talk of Saturn's tree, which is a branched mass of lead deposited from a solution of a lead salt.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	saturn
释义	Saturnn. Brit. /ˈsatəːn/, /ˈsat(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈsædərn/ Forms: α. Old English–1500s Saturnus, Middle English Satournus, Middle English Saturnes. β. Old English Saturn, Middle English Satorn, Middle English Satorne, Middle English Satourn, Middle English Satourne, Middle English–1600s Saturne, Middle English– Saturn. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Sāturnus. Etymology: < classical Latin Sāturnus Saturn, an ancient Roman god (commonly identified with the Greek Cronus), the planet Saturn, in post-classical Latin also lead (from 13th cent. in British sources; in this sense also saturnum).Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French Saturne (frequently from the 12th cent. as the name of the Roman god and of the planet). In Old English α. forms also with Latin case inflection. With use in sense 2 compare also Old English Saturnes steorra, lit. ‘Saturn's star’ (compare classical Latin Saturni stella):lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xxxvi. 340 Mihtest þe feran mid þære sunnan betwyx þam tunglum..and siððan to þam cealdan stiorran þe we hatað Saturnes steorra. 1. In Roman religion and mythology: an ancient god, regarded as a god of agriculture.Saturn was an ancient Italic god, who during the classical period became identified with the Greek god Cronus, who was deposed from his position as sovereign of the gods by his son Zeus (Jupiter in Roman mythology), after attempting to prevent this by devouring his own offspring. He later also became associated with old age and the passage of time. He was celebrated at the Roman festival of Saturnalia. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > classical deity > [noun] > Saturn SaturneOE sickle-bear1605 eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxii. 487 Iob Saturnes [sunu sceo]lde bion se hehsta god. OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 384 Hwilce godnysse hæfde eower god Saturnus þe abat his suna þonne hi geborene wæron, swa swa his biggengan on heora bocum awriton? c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6937 We habbeð godes..þe we luuieð..Phebus..Saturnus..Mercurius. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2428 Oure bileue..in þe heye godes is ido Saturnus & Iubiter & alle þe oþere al so. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. l. 4530 (MED) From olde Saturne drauh thyn affeccioun, His goldene world fulli despisyng. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. vi. 39 By quham the land of Saturn, war and wys, Hes left and changit his auld name oft sys. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xcviii. sig. G When proud pide Aprill..Hath put a spirit of youth in euery thing: That heauie Saturne laught and leapt with him. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 519 Or who with Saturn old Fled over Adria to th' Hesperian Fields. View more context for this quotation 1744 Trav. Late Charles Thompson I. 123 The Frontispiece of the Church dedicated to St. Adrian is Part of the ancient Temple of Saturn, which was a very strong Building, and made use of by the Romans for a publick Treasury. 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound ii. iv. 83 Saturn, from whose throne Time fell. 1867 Banter 9 Sept. 22/2 When Saturn asked her for a child she gave him a stone. 1902 J. McCabe St. Augustine & his Age ii. 27 The proconsul Tiberius had suppressed the fiendish elements of the cult of Saturn by hanging its obstinate priests on the trees surrounding their temple. 2016 Times (Nexis) 7 July 36 Like Saturn, the European referendum campaign is still devouring its own children. 2. (The name of) the sixth planet in order of average distance from the sun, the second-largest planet of the solar system.The most distant of the planets commonly visible to the naked eye, Saturn is a gas giant surrounded by a complex planar ring system composed of icy particles (cf. ring n.¹ 7e). It has a dense hydrogen-rich atmosphere, similar to that of Jupiter but with less distinct banding, and has over sixty moons (besides many moonlets which orbit within the ring system).In Astrology, on account of its remoteness and slow movement, Saturn supposedly causes coldness, sluggishness, and gloominess of temperament in people born under its influence, and has a generally malign effect on human affairs. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > superior planet > [noun] > Saturn SaturnOE OE Ælfric Interrogationes Sigewulfi in Genesin (Corpus Cambr. 162) xxi, in Anglia (1884) 7 14 Ðone ufemyston [planet] heton þa hæþenan Saturnus, se gefylð his ryne on þrittig geara fyrste. lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xxxix. 360 Saturnus se steorra ne cymð þær ær ymb ðritig wintra þær he ær wæs. c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 420 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 311 One steorre hath with-oute mo, þat planete i-cleoped is. Ichulle nemmen heore seoue names and formest bi-guynne hext: Saturnus is al a-boue. c1350 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1901) 106 351 Saturnus..In his tyde is wikkede. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 882 (MED) Here Sterres..Saturn and Jupiter..Thei have..Attitled to here oghne name. c1460 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 737 (MED) Satourn disposith to malencolye. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus ii. iii. 31 Though Venus gouerne your desires, Saturne is dominator ouer mine. View more context for this quotation 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 72 The first that have well observed this Shadow of Saturn's Body upon its Ring. 1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. xvi. 230 Inform them that Saturn has five Moons of the same kind attending him. 1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 634 The moons of Jove, and Saturn's belted ball. View more context for this quotation 1883 Chautauquan May 441/2 The house of marriage was inhabited by Venus, Mars and Saturn, but fortunately the first was to predominate. 1948 C. Sly How to bowl them Out x. 75 The ball..resembles the planet Saturn in that it has a ring or projecting ridge round its waist..known as the seam. 2013 Sky at Night Apr. 3/2 Saturn has slowly been moving into the early evening skies this year. 3. Alchemy and Chemistry. The metal lead. See also Phrases and Compounds. Now historical.Quot. a1393 shows an earlier association of lead with the planet; cf. also moon n.¹ 9a, Mars n.¹ 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > other alchemical substances or theories > [noun] > lead Saturnc1405 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 2471 (MED) The mone of Selver hath his part, And Iren that stant upon Mart; The Led after Satorne groweth.] c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 828 Sol gold is..Saturnus leed and Iuppiter is tyn. a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 8 And ȝe quenche mars in whiȝt wiyn or in comoun watir manye tymes, and aftirward in þe same wiyn or watir ȝe caste saturne liquified ofte tymes, þanne wiþoute doute ȝe schal fynde þat þe saturne is maad riȝt hard. 1651 J. French Art Distillation iii. 73 Take of the Calx of Saturn, or else Minium. 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer Elements Theory & Pract. Chym. I. 49 The Alchymists..bestowed on the seven Metals..the names of the seven Planets of the Ancients... Thus Gold was called Sol, Silver Luna, Copper Venus, Tin Jupiter, Lead Saturn, Iron Mars, and Quick-silver Mercury. 1883 J. G. R. Forlong Rivers of Life II. vii. 65 (table) La=Saturn=Lead. 1963 R. F. C. Hull tr. C. G. Jung Mysterium Coniunctionis in Coll. Wks. XIV. vi. 493 Saturn (lead) is one of the best known synonyms for the prima materia. 2013 A. Channing Chem. Serpents (Silver ed.) 58 Saturn, the metal lead, represents the start of the Nigredo, the Black stage. 4. Heraldry. The tincture sable, as used in the fanciful blazon of arms of sovereign houses. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [noun] > colour > black sable1352 dwale1562 diamond1572 Saturn1572 sab1655 sa1780 1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 58^v The fielde is parted per fesse, Iupiter and Saturne, a goate saliant, of the moone. 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie i. sig. G2 It is now an Eagle Saturn, in a Field Sol, which kind of bearing the Heralds call most rich. 1725 A. Crossly Peerage of Ireland 190 An Eagle display'd with two Heads Saturn. 1905 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Antiquaries Ireland 35 239 The principal colour was saturn or sable, otherwise black, which in heraldry is believed to imply vengeance. 1950 C. W. Scott-Giles Boutell's Heraldry (rev. ed.) iv. 29 One of the fancies introduced in the 16th century was that in the arms of Sovereigns, tinctures should be represented by heavenly bodies (Sol for gold, Saturn for black, etc.). Phrases extract of Saturn n. now historical lead acetate (sugar of lead). [After French extrait de Saturne (1751 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1769 tr. T. Goulard Treat. Effects Lead 26 The extract of Saturn [Fr. L'Extrait de Saturne] is an excellent resource. 1902 Western Druggist Nov. 639/1 Extract of saturn is solution of lead subacetate (liquor plumbi subacetatis). 2003 I. McCalman tr. G. Casanova in Seven Ordeals Count Cagliostro i. 60 All the arcane secrets of nature:..the grand properties of the extract of Saturn. salt of Saturn n. now historical lead acetate (sugar of lead). [After post-classical Latin sal Saturni (1573 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1590 J. Hester tr. J. Du Chesne Sclopotarie v. 91 Out of Saturne calcined is drawne a sweetish salt in Balneo with distilled vineger powring it so often vppon the Feces vntill it draw no more. [margin] Salt of Saturne. 1652 Excellencie Physick & Chirurgerie Pref. in tr. L. Fioravanti Three Exact Pieces iii. sig. Qq4 Salts of Spices, and other things, as of Cloves, Ginger, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Urine, Armoniack of Amber, Vinegar, Salt or Sugar of Saturne. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Salt of Saturn, otherwise call'd Saccharum Saturni, or Sugar of Lead, is the Body of that Metal, open'd and reduc'd to the form of a Salt, by Distilled Vinegar. 1911 E. C. Hill Text-bk. Chem. (ed. 2) 632 Salt of Saturn. Lead acetate, Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂. 2003 Hist. Stud. Physical & Biol. Sci. 34 61 What prompted him to add the test with salt of Saturn, which had been recommended by Duclos in 1669, but ignored? spirit of Saturn n. now historical a flammable liquid distilled from lead acetate, consisting of acetone perhaps with some glacial acetic acid. [After post-classical Latin spiritus Saturni (1566 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1594 H. Plat Jewell House 89 To congeale Mercurie with the spirit of Saturne. 1694 W. Salmon Pharmacopœia Bateana i. ii. 74/2 This Spirit of Saturn, drawn from its Salt, is an inflamable Liquor, and is thus made: ℞ Salt of Saturn, so much as may fill your Glaβ or Earthen Retort two thirds full; put it into a Furnace [etc.]. 1778 J. Aikin tr. A. Beaumé Man. Chem. 328 (heading) Spirit of Saturn. 1962 Chymia 8 97 The most frequently used source was lead acetate, and consequently acetone was known as spirit of Saturn. Compounds Saturn cinnabar n. rare red lead (lead tetroxide, Pb₃O₄). [Compare German Saturnzinnober (1879 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1892 W. Crookes tr. R. von Wagner Man. Chem. Technol. 480 Minium, orange minium, Paris red, gold cinnabar, Saturn cinnabar, mineral orange (Pb₃O₄). 1956 J. S. Anderson tr. H. Remy Treat. Inorg. Chem. I. xii. 548 A minium of still brighter orange red color, (Paris red, saturn cinnabar) is obtained by starting with the oxide obtained from the decomposition of lead carbonate or nitrate. Saturn red n. red lead, used as a pigment; the orange-red colour of this. [Compare French rouge de Saturne (1698 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1875 Manuel du Pensionnat en 3 Langues (ed. 2) 253 Rouge de Saturne..Saturn-red, orange-red. 1892 Astron. & Astro-physics 11 450 The various stones tried were a piece of brown lava from Vesuvius..and two pieces of brick, one an orange red, and the other the color of dragon's blood. The former may be best represented by dragon's blood with a little Saturn red in it. 1947 Lily Year Bk. (Royal Hort Soc.) 42 The colour is Saturn Red of the Colour Chart, and there are numerous small dark spots. 2002 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Conservation 41 237/2 To obtain an orange-red color, painters used red lead, also known as minium or Saturn red. Saturn's tree n. now rare a branching crystalline mass of lead deposited from a solution of a lead salt; = lead-tree n. (b) at lead n.¹ Compounds 3a. [Translating post-classical Latin arbor Saturni (1804 or earlier).] ΚΠ 1854 F. A. Abel & C. L. Bloxam Hand-bk. Chem. 505 The so called Saturn's tree is obtained by suspending a bundle of zinc-turnings in a solution of acetate of lead. 1897 Electr. Engineer 19 Nov. 646/1 The production of lead in a spongy form by the action of zinc upon a solution of the former metal, resulting in the arborescent crystals commonly known as Saturn's tree. 1989 New Scientist 23 Dec. 59/1 The alchemical legacy allows chemists, for example, to talk of Saturn's tree, which is a branched mass of lead deposited from a solution of a lead salt. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.eOE
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