| 释义 |
scaffoldn. Etymology: < Norman French forms corresponding to Central Old French schaffaut, eschaffaut, eschafal, eschaiphal, earlier escadafaut = Provençal escadafalc , formed with prefix es- ( < Latin ex- out) on the Common Romanic word represented by Old French chafau(l)t (modern French chafaud ), earlier caafau-s , cadefaut , Provençal cadafalc , Old Catalan cadafal , Spanish †cadafalso , now cadahalso , cadalso , Portuguese cadafalso , Italian catafalco (whence French catafalque catafalque n.) < popular Latin *catafalcum , of uncertain formation: according to some scholars, < Greek prefix κατα- (see under catafalque n.) + -falicum, < fala, phala wooden tower or gallery. For other related forms see catafalque n., and compare medieval Latin scadafale (12th cent.), scadafaltum (13th cent.), scafaldus , scalfaudus , etc. (15th cent.). The Romanic word has been adopted by continental Germanic languages: (Middle) Dutch schavot , German schavot(t , Danish skafot . With the δ-forms in English compare scaffoldage n. Signification. 1. society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > scaffolding > [noun] the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > subordinate agency > subordinate or supporting parts or means plural.1349 (P.R.O.: E101/462/16) lf. 7 In .xxvj. peciis maeremii emptis pro scaffotes ad idem opus. 1646 W. Jenkyn 30 The building's set up, let the scaffolds be pulld down. 1696 R. Bentley 32 They must needs be..abolished, like scaffolds that are removed when the buildings are finished. 1737 A. Pope i. i. 146 Away, away! take all your scaffolds down, For Snug's the word: My dear! we'll live in Town. 1849 T. B. Macaulay I. iii. 351 The crowds of workmen, the scaffolds and the masses of hewn stone [etc.]. singular.1355 in J. T. Fowler (1888) III. 94 In mercede Laur. Wrigth sublevante le skaffald in choro.1360–1 in J. T. Fowler (1899) II. 385 Cum cratis factis pro skafald.1442 Eton Coll. Acc. in R. Willis & J. W. Clark (1886) I. 387 v. dosyn of hyrdelez for skafold.1691 A. Gavin 182 These Monks, out of Curiosity, whilst the Work-men were gone to get their Dinner, did climb up the Scaffold..to view their Work.1720 D. Defoe 103 Bricklayers raise a low Scaffold to build a Brick Wall.1836 J. Murray 149/2 He was suspended by a scaffold, lying on his back, his eyes protected by a pair of glasses from the falling dust.1841 XX. 497/2 As the building rises, the scaffold is strengthened by diagonal poles, the lower ends of which rest upon the ground, and which are tied to the vertical pieces wherever they intersect them.1849 T. B. Macaulay I. iii. 423 Every bricklayer who falls from a scaffold.figurative.1642 J. Denham iv. 35 These outward beauties are but the props and scaffolds On which we built our love.1701 J. Swift iii. 35 He [sc. Sylla] abolished the Office of Tribune, as being only a Scaffold to Tyranny, whereof he had no further use.1768 A. Tucker (1834) II. 408 Figure, parable, hypothesis..serve as scaffolds in raising the building of righteousness in opinion and conduct.1889 G. M. Hopkins (1967) 107 But man—we, scaffold of score brittle bones.society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > easel 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. xxxv. x. 535 Zeuxis..brought upon the scaffold a table, wherein were clustres of grapes so lively painted, that the very birds of the aire flew flocking thither. 1638 F. Junius 197 An old woman kept a large boord, alreadie fitted upon the Asse or scaffold, to have something drawne upon it. 1860 (new ed.) (Derbyshire Terms) 43 Scaffold, in a mine, a platform made, where some miners work above the heads of others. 1860 (new ed.) (S. Staffs. Terms) 78 Scaffold, planking elevated by stays and ladders, in order to allow the miner to ascend and disengage the coal in the upper part of the seam. 1894 R. O. Heslop Scaffold, in mining, the platform at the top of a winning. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > engine of war > [noun] > scaling-ladder or scaffold c1400 4176 They [ne] dredde noon assaut Of ginne, gunne, nor skaffaut. 1481 W. Caxton tr. (1893) xxix. 63 They toke poles and made scaffholdes..whiche they sette to the walles. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 600 Syndry scaffatis [1489 Adv. scaffaldis] thai maid vith-all That war weill hyar than the wall. ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust xliv. f. 62 Afterwarde he commaunded scaffoldes to be made about the walles. the world > space > relative position > high position > [noun] > quality of being raised or elevated > raised level surface or platform society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > [noun] > place for > platform c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1675 An heraud on a Scaffold made an .oo. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) II. f. cxxxiiiv The Kynge..causyd an hyghe Scafolde to be made..where moch people beynge assemblyd he shewyd vnto them a longe processe of his wrongefull enprysonement. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart I. ccclxix. 606 The yonge kynge was..in a chayre lypt up on high,..and all ye yong newe knyghtes on lower scaffoldes at his fete. 1535 1 Esdras ix. 42 Eszdras the prest & reder of ye lawe stode vp vpon a scaffolde of wodd. 1590 R. Greene 20 Rosamond set vpon a scaffolde, to take viewe of all. 1611 2 Chron. vi. 13 Solomon had made a brasen scaffold..and had set it in the midst of the Court, and vpon it hee stood. View more context for this quotation 1615 G. Sandys 146 A scaffold, like those belonging to Queristers, in some of our Cathedrall Churches. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot i. 54 At the other end of the Hall..there is a little Scaffold, on which are several Dervishes, that play on Flutes and Drums. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [noun] society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [noun] > movable or temporary c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 198 Som tyme..He pleyeth Herodes vp on a Scaffold hye. 1507 in E. K. Chambers (1903) II. 392 [A] schapfold [and] pagentts [are mentioned in churchwardens' accounts for a play]. 1519–20 in H. Littlehales (1905) 304 Paid for a quarter for the skaffold ouer þe porch ayenst palme~sonday. 1565 T. Cooper at Scena Orestes often~tymes represented on scaffoldes in playes. 1579 W. Wilkinson f. 47 Brought in lyke a mute vpon a scaffold, which departeth dumbe. 1599 A. Hume sig. F2 Make scaffalds clare for cumlie comedies. 1801 J. Strutt iii. ii. 143 The ecclesiastical plays..were usually performed in churches, or chapels, upon temporary scaffolds erected for that purpose.] society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > [noun] > stand for spectators society > leisure > sport > place for sports or games > [noun] > accommodation for spectators 1470–85 T. Malory vi. vi. 191 There were scaffoldis and holes that lordes and ladyes myghte beholde and to gyue the pryse. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy (1901) I. i. xxi. 119 Þai war constrenit to mak public setis and scaffaldis in commoun placis quhare playis war devisit. 1597 Bp. J. Hall i. iii. 9 Shame that the Muses should be bought and sold, For euery peasants brasse, on each scaffold. 1638 R. Montagu sig. A2 Is your Church scaffolded every where or in part? do those scaffolds so made, annoy any mans seat, or hinder the lights of any windows? 1671 J. Milton 1610 The other side was op'n, where the throng On banks and scaffolds under Skie might stand. View more context for this quotation 1727 (Hist. MSS. Comm.) VI. 19 I hope to get a good place in the Abbey for Lady Margaret Harley, though till the scaffolds are built I can't yet tell whereabouts it will be. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch (1879) II. 891/2 There was a show of gladiators to be exhibited..and most of the magistrates had caused scaffolds to be erected round the place, in order to let them out for hire. society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows > parts of > platform 1548 f. xl He was at Salsburye..on a newe skaffolde beheded. 1592 W. Warner (rev. ed.) viii. xl. 177 Shee vnabashed, mounting now the Skaffold, theare attends The fatall Stroke. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus xiv. iv. 204 He brought to the skaffold many descended of noble houses. 1769 ‘Junius’ (1772) I. xiv. 92 Paths, which naturally conduct a minister to the scaffold. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth i, in 2nd Ser. III. 19 I knew at Paris a criminal..who suffered the sentence..showing no particular degree of timidity upon the scaffold. 1849 A. Alison (new ed.) III. xiii. 92 We have..weighed the scaffold against the oppression of the Convention, and preferred the scaffold. 1871 E. A. Freeman IV. xviii. 256 The one man whom..William sent to the scaffold on a political charge. the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > supporting framework the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > other means of disposal > [noun] > exposure > structure for society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for working with other materials > [noun] > with tobacco ?1523 J. Fitzherbert f. xviiv It is better to lay thy pees and beanes without vpon a reke than other corne, and it is better vpon a scaffolde than vpon the grounde. 1634 W. Wood i. x. 43 There was made here a ships loading of fish the last yeare, where still stands the stages, and drying scaffolds. 1777 W. Anderson Jrnl. 2 Sept. in J. Cook (1967) III. ii. 983 There is here a very large scaffold or Whatta on which the offerings of fruits..are laid. 1784 J. F. D. Smyth II. 134 When the tobacco plants are cut and brought to the scaffolds. 1811 H. M. Brackenridge Jrnl. 4 Apr. in (1814) 203 A kind of scaffolds, ten or fifteen feet in height, which I was informed were erected by the neighboring settlers for the purpose of shooting the deer by moon light... The hunter ascends the scaffold, and remains until the deer approaches. 1811 H. M. Brackenridge Jrnl. 4 July in (1814) 261 The scaffolds are supported with four forks, and sufficiently large to receive one or two bodies. 1886 C. G. W. Lock 75 Some prefer hanging the tobacco on scaffolds in the field until it is ready to be put in the barn and cured by the fire. 1888 XXIII. 424/2 Red shipping qualities [of tobacco] are prepared by leaving the cut stems either in the field or hung on scaffolds in the barns for a few days to wilt and wither in the air. 1861 W. Fairbairn 48 So that the materials..may [not]..be so retarded as to adhere in a half-liquid state to the brick-work, and cool there, thus forming what are known by the name of scaffolds. 1881 9 172 Scaffold, an obstruction in a blast furnace above the tuyeres caused by an accumulation or shelf of pasty, unreduced materials, adhering to the lining. 1884 W. H. Greenwood (ed. 2) vii. 142 When a scaffold is discovered, the blast is eased so as to reduce the support from below due to the pressure of blast. 1892 Group A. II. 304 The variation of the temperature in the furnace itself would cause what are technically called scaffolds. Compounds C1. (In sense 1.) a. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > board or plank > for other uses 1592–3 c. 11 §1 So muche of Shaffolde Borde in quantitye as the saide Clapborde amounteth unto. 1853 C. Tomlinson (1854) II. 584/2 The scaffold boards are supported by the putlogs. society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > scaffolding > [noun] > part of 1365–6 in J. T. Fowler (1898) I. 127 20 scaffalde flakes factis ad dictas fenestras. society > occupation and work > equipment > ladder > scaffolding > [noun] > part of > pole 1798 W. Hutton 7 If a straggling scaffold pole could be found. 1862 15 Mar. 298 The scaffold poles round the Guards Memorial. 1884 R. Browning Camel-driver in Reason aims to raise Some make-shift midway scaffold-vantage, whence It may..peer below. b. 1875 E. H. Knight Scaffold-bracket, an implement to form a footing for a board to support a person in roofing. the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > an opening or aperture > [noun] > hole into which a peg, pin, knob, etc., fits c1568 in H. J. F. Swayne (1896) 115 John clerke making scaffold holes, 4 d. 1774 G. White Let. 26 Feb. in (1789) 179 Perhaps they nestle in the scaffold holes of some old or new deserted building. C2. (In sense 4.) a. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > [noun] > exhibition on the stage 1687 24 No more than a Mountebank is to be credited, who after a deal of Scaffold-Pageantry to draw Audience [etc.]. 1584 in (1902) 91 A iron pynne and a cotter for the skaffolde whele. b. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > mystery or miracle play 1565 T. Stapleton f. 138 As if in scaffold plaies, he looked to haue napkins cast vp. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > actor > [noun] > actor in specific type of play > in mystery or miracle plays 1559 in J. Strype (1725) I. ii. ix. 436 The preachers and scaffold players of this newe religion. C3. (In sense 6.) society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows > parts of > platform 1843 J. M. Neale 21 So steadfastly the scaffold-steps That good Archbishop trod. 1869 R. Browning IV. xii. 204 Guido was last to mount the scaffold-steps..as atrociousest in crime. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). scaffoldv.   /ˈskafəld/Etymology: < scaffold n. Compare Old French eschafauder. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > furnish with platform or stand 1548 f. xv The Hall was scafolded and rayled on all partes. 1621 H. Elsynge (1870) 95 The Lower House desyre that the p[ainted] ch[amber] be scaffolde. 1636 E. Pagitt (ed. 2) iii. 101 The streets were scaffolded [1640 scaffoled] and covered with precious cloth. 1638 R. Montagu sig. A2 Is your Church scaffolded every where or in part? do those scaffolds so made, annoy any mans seat, or hinder the lights of any windows? 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada i. 13 The Lists now set up, and scaffolded like a stage. 2. society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)] > scaffold a1662 P. Heylyn (1668) 222 The Tower or Steeple [was] Scaffolded to the very top, with an intent to take it down to the very Arches. 1665 J. Webb 213 They must of necessity be scaffolded unto, or underpropt at least. 1665 J. Webb 230 Can..such stupendious Stones..be..wrought, raised, scaffolded unto, set and finished in five Moneths? 1676 C. Hatton in E. M. Thompson (1878) I. (Camden) 134 The middle of Westminster Hall wase all schaffolded. 1836 E. Howard lxx It was scaffolded to the very attics. the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)] > prop 1884 Feb. 394/2 The apple-trees were scaffolded with great stakes to keep their branches from breaking. the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > strengthening or confirmation of immaterial things > strengthen or confirm immaterial things [verb (transitive)] a1693 C. Blount Dial. K. W. & K. J. 26 in (1695) New Titles may be Scaffolded with Laws. society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (transitive)] 1716 Mem. in J. H. Burton (1847) v. 116 I was sent to the castle, I believe, to be scaffolded next day if I had not been delivered. the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > removal of corpse > dispose of corpse [verb (transitive)] > expose on framework the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > dry > dry on frame 1775 J. Adair 323 (note) They..scaffolded their dead kinsman. 1806 Z. M. Pike (1810) ii. 155 In the afternoon we scaffolded some meat. 1862 D. Wilson II. xxii. 292 The remains of those whose bodies had been scaffolded. society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > actions of furnace [verb (intransitive)] > become choked 1880 Wright in XIII. 296 When a furnace shows a tendency to ‘scaffold’ (by the fritting together of lumps which form a comparatively solid mass inside the furnace, preventing a charge from descending properly). Derivatives 1862 D. Wilson II. xxii. 292 When the Mandans buried the remains of their scaffolded dead, they left the skull uninterred. 1871 E. B. Tylor II. xii. 40 The Samoyed's scaffolded coffin. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020). <  n.1349 v.1548 |