sandn.²

Brit.

/sand/, U.S.

/sænd/

Forms: Old English sand, sond, Middle English sond, Middle English–1500s sonde, Middle English–1600s sande, (Middle English sonnd, Middle English scand), Middle English– sand.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Common Germanic (but not recorded in Gothic): Old English sand, sǫnd neuter = Old Frisian sond-, Old Saxon, Middle Low German sand, Middle Dutch sant, sand- (Dutch zand neuter), Old High German sant (Middle High German sant, sand-, modern German sand (masculine), dialect also neuter), Old Norse sand-r (masculine) (Swedish, Danish sand) < Germanic *sando-, probably < earlier *samdo-, *samado- (? whence Old High German *samat, Middle High German sampt) corresponding to Greek ἄμαθος.

a. A material consisting of comminuted fragments and water-worn particles of rocks (mainly silicious) finer than those of which gravel is composed; often spec. as the material of a beach, desert, or the bed of a river or sea.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand

sandc825

gravela1300

c825 [see sense 2a].

c1000 Ælfric Exodus ii. 12 Þa ofsloh he þone Egiptiscan and behidde hyne on þam sande.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14802 & drihhtin þær to clæf þe sæ..& sett itt upp onn eȝȝþerr hallf All all se tweȝȝenn walless. & tær bitwenenn wass þe sand All harrd to ganngenn onne.

c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame i. 486 Al the feld nas but of sond As smal as man may see yet lye In the desert of Libye.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12527 A nedder stert vte of þe sand, And stanged Iam in þe hand.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cci. 182 A drope of drye blode and smale sond cleued on his hond.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Riii Rose vp & wente forthe and fylled a great sacke with sande.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 168 And I as rich..As twenty Seas, if all their sand were pearle.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 188 That finer Matter..vulgarly called Sand, being really no other than very small Pebles.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 102 Who taught the Nations..to..Build on the Wave, or Arch beneath the Sand?

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 254 Siliceous sand, flint, clay and loam, constitute the principal part of the soil.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas iv, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 30 Ten times the Mother of the Months had..bidden..the billows to indent The sea-deserted sand.

1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 305 A shore of hard white sand Met the green herbage.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 132 As a rule both the gravel and the sand consist chiefly of the substance called silica.

1897 W. E. Gladstone E. Crisis 1 Every grain of sand is a part of the sea-shore.

†b. poetic and rhetorically used for: The shore (of a sea); also ‘land’ as opposed to ‘sea’, esp. in (by) sea and sand. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > [noun]

landc900

groundOE

earthOE

dry landa1225

sandc1275

dry1382

continent1590

fastland1680

terra firma1692

region1697

firm land1872

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [noun]

sea-warthc888

sea-rimOE

sea-strandc1000

sandc1275

rive1296

bankc1350

sea-banka1375

sea-coasta1400

coastc1400

warthc1450

ripec1475

landsidec1515

seashore1526

banksidec1540

brinish brink1594

shorea1616

ore1652

outland1698

sea beach1742

table-shore1849

playa1898

treaty coast1899

treaty shore1901

beach1903

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 63 I þere Tyure he eode alond þer þa sea wasceð þat sond.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14476 So longe he ferde & þe se sailand, & kynges slow by se & sand.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10910 Þat all wroght..Sun and mone, and se and sand.

a1400–50 Alexander 4299 And we sitt all-way so sure be sand & be wattir, þat na supowell vndire sonne seke we vs neuire.

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 341 Þenne he [sc. Jonah] swepe to þe sonde in sluchched cloþes.

c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 128 Er they myght be ware he [sc. Eolus] drofe hym on the sande.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiv. 170 Borne is newly in this land A kyng that shall weld se and sand.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ix. 89 Mahowne the menske, my lord kyng, And saue the by see and sand.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 589 He tuke the se,..In Ingland syne arryuit at ane sand, With all his power thair passit to the land.

c. With a and plural. A sandbank, shoal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > reef > sandbank > [noun]

sand-ridgec1000

hurst1398

shelp1430

sand1495

ayre1539

bar1587

knock1587

sandbank1589

middle ground1653

middle1702

overslaugh1755

sandbar1767

sea-bank1828

tow-head1829

wharf1867

whale1905

horse1926

1495 Acts Court Requests (1592) 11 De..spoliatione dictae nauis..existentis in periculo infra le Goodwine sandes in mari.

1550 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue (new ed.) i. ix. sig. Fiii But you leaue all anker holde, on seas or lands. And so set vp shop, vpon Goodwyns sands.

1555 H. Latimer Let. 15 May in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. ii. xxxvi. 99 They that have buylded upon a Sande, wilbe affraied, thoughe they se but a Clowde aryse.

1588 N. Gorges in State Papers Defeat Spanish Armada (1894) I. 357 On the 30th of July, passing through the sands, we were becalmed.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 504 A ship (called Saint Peter) fell vpon sands..and split.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 97 Williams... What thinkes he of our estate? King. Euen as men wrackt vpon a Sand, that looke to be washt off the next Tyde.

1738 Weddell Voy. up Thames 42 On a sudden our Ship struck on a Sand.

1815 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 95 She struck on a sand about three or four miles from Yarmouth.

1877 T. H. Huxley Physiography 181 The position of the principal sands in the estuary of the Thames.

d. A sandy soil. Chiefly plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > sandy soil

sand1610

rosil1691

limon1890

orterde1928

arenosol1968

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 547 The West part is taken up with the Forrest of Shirewood..This part because it is sandy, the inhabitants tearme The Sand, the other..the Clay.

1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 19 As of Sands, so are there as different sorts of Clays.

1794 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Suffolk 22 On bad sands trefoile and ray grass are chosen.

1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 434 Sands.—Some of the best description nearly approach to hazel moulds.

1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 434 Light Sands.

e. A grain of sand. (See also 2a, 5.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand > grain of

sand1596

grit1601

millet seed1891

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > a particle > hard and round

cornc888

grainc1290

kernelc1450

cornel1590

sand1596

granule1652

kern1753

parvule1887

1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. H2 As many sands as these my hands can hold, Are but my handful of so many sands.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 120 One Sand another Not more resembles that sweet Rosie Lad [etc.] .

1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 34 Clay consisted of most exceeding smooth and round Sands of several opacous colours.

f. Geology and Mining. A stratum of sand or soft sandstone. oil sand: see oil sand n. at oil n.¹ Compounds 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > stratum or bed > bed of stone or sand

pendle1706

picking-bed1749

sand1849

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > sand

sand-bed?a1500

scalping1747

sand1849

1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 45 ‘The sand’ is a stratum of soft sandstone, frequently met with in sinking through the lower new red sandstone.

1894 Geol. Mag. Oct. 464 Fawn-coloured Sands and Marls.

g. Golf. Sand-holes or bunkers on a course. to be in sand, to be ‘bunkered’.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > golf course > [noun] > hazards

hazard1744

blind hazard1816

bunker1824

sand-bunker1824

sand1842

break-club1857

water hazard1889

trap1890

casual water1899

pot bunker1899

sand-trap1922

1842 G. F. Carnegie in Golfiana Misc. (1887) 82 ‘Give me the iron!’ either party cries, As in the quarry, track, or sand he lies.

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 466/1 Balls in Sand—When a ball lies in a sand bunker [etc.].

h. Soil Science. Applied spec. to particles whose sizes fall within a specified range, and to soils having a specified proportion of such particles (see quots.). Hence sand-size n.adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > particle size > specific size

sand1873

silt1873

1873 E. W. Hilgard in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 106 337 (table) Coarse Sand, 80–90 (1/180) mm... Finest Sand 20–22 (1/180) mm.

1900 R. Warington Lect. Physical Properties Soil i. 8 Coarse sand 0·5–1·00 mm... Fine sand 0·1–0·25 mm.

1925 P. Emerson Soil Characteristics i. 6 The different soil particles are designated according to size as follows... Very coarse sand 2·0 to 1·0 millimeters... Very fine sand 0·1 to 0·05 millimeter.

1925 P. Emerson Soil Characteristics i. 7 The United States Bureau of Soils recognizes the following classes [of soil]:..Sand: more than 25 per cent very coarse, coarse and medium sand, less than 50 per cent fine sand, more than 20 per cent silt and clay.

1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility ii. 8 Based on size of soil particles there are three fractions, sand, silt and clay.

1957 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 65 485/1 It might be possible to subdivide further the material in this core from a sedimentological point of view into two components: (1) material of sand size.., and (2) lutite.

1964 K. W. Butzer Environment & Archeol. x. 158 The modified Wentworth grade scale..is most widely used in North America. It has the following logarithmic subdivisions:..sand 0·064–2 mm., silt 0.004–0·064 mm... The non-logarithmic, modified Atterberg scale widely used in Europe has slightly different nomenclature... coarse sand 0·2–2·0 mm... fine sand 0·02–0·06 mm., silt 0·002–0·02 mm.

1971 Gloss. Soil Sci. Terms (Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.) 14/2 Sand, a soil particle between 0·05 and 2·0 mm in diameter.

1971 Gloss. Soil Sci. Terms (Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.) 18/1 Sand, soil material that contains 85% or more of sand; percentage of silt, plus 1·5 times the percentage of clay, shall not exceed 15.

1972 J. G. Cruickshank Soil Geogr. ii. 55 The products of physical weathering are usually large on the particle size scale; that is, they are stone, gravel, or sand size and less commonly as small as silt size.

i. A fashion shade resembling the colour of sand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > yellowish brown

honey colour1571

hair-colour1615

butternut1810

cinnamon-brown1826

honey1888

cinnamon1895

walnut1895

golden oak1898

almond1923

Sahara1923

sand1923

sandalwood1926

1923 Daily Mail 13 Feb. 13/2 (advt.) Artificial silk hose..in black, white, beaver, nude, cinnamon, sand, suede.

1930 Daily Express 6 Oct. 5/6 (advt.) Imitation nutria fur sets... In dark grey, fawn, beaver, sand, and nutria.

1971 Guardian 28 Sept. 11/2 (caption) Quilted raincoat... In sand, orchid, or damson.

1979 Country Life 24 May (Suppl.) 55 (advt.) The new Renault 5..comes in black, silver, blue or sand.

2. In various metaphorical and similative uses.

a. With reference to the innumerability of the grains composing sand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude

sandc825

thousandc1000

un-i-rimeOE

legiona1325

fernc1325

multitudec1350

hundred1362

abundancec1384

quantityc1390

sight1390

felec1394

manyheada1400

lastc1405

sortc1475

infinityc1480

multiplie1488

numbers1488

power1489

many1525

flock1535

heapa1547

multitudine1547

sort1548

myriads1555

myriads1559

infinite1563

tot-quot1565

dickera1586

multiplea1595

troop1596

multitudes1598

myriad1611

sea-sands1656

plurality1657

a vast many1695

dozen1734

a good few1756

nation1762

vast1793

a wheen (of)1814

swad1828

lot1833

tribe1833

slew1839

such a many1841

right smart1842

a million and one1856

horde1860

a good several1865

sheaf1865

a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869

immense1872

dunnamuch1875

telephone number1880

umpty1905

dunnamany1906

skit1913

umpteen1919

zillion1922

gang1928

scrillion1935

jillion1942

900 number1977

gazillion1978

fuckload1984

c825 Vesp. Psalter lxxvii. 27 & rinde ofer hie swe swe dust flæsc & swe swe sond sæs ða flegendan gefiðrede.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 2571 Þe barns þat o þe sal bred Namar sal þou þam cun rede, Þan sterns on light and sand in see.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iii. 33 A heart As full of sorrowes, as the Sea of sands .

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 903 They..Swarm populous, unnumber'd as the Sands Of Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna xi. xxiii. 248 Great People: as the sands shalt thou become.

b. With reference to its instability as a foundation or a constructive material. rope of sand: see rope n.¹ Phrases 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > instability or lack of support

sandc975

unstayedness1874

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > unsteady movement > [noun] > tottering > quality of being tottering or unstable > typically unstable thing

sandc975

c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. vii. 26 Gelic..were..se ðe getimberde hus his on sonde.

1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Biii^v It is a token that your foundacion was buylded vpon the Sand.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 84 Cowards whose harts are all as false As stayers of sand .

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 346 They cannot bear to hear the sands of his Mississippi compared with the rock of the church.

1817 P. B. Shelley To Ld. Chancellor xi Their error—That sand on which thy crumbling power is built.

1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi III. ix. ii. 194 Schemes of sand.

1874 A. Trollope Phineas Redux I. vi. 53 I complain of no injustice. Our castle was built upon the sand.

1905 G. L. Dickinson Mod. Symposium 77 I have been watching..one building after another laboriously raised by each speaker in turn, only to collapse ignominiously at the first touch administered by his successor. And why? For the ancient reason, that the structures were built upon the sand.

1920 J. Galsworthy In Chancery ii. iii. 151 She put out her hand to him. ‘I feel you're a rock.’ ‘Built on sand,’ answered Jolyon.

1963 Times 9 Jan. 4/2 On slower courts the story with Hughes would be different, but here, where even the best stroke is not an outright winner until it has died, his game is indeed built on sand.

c. In phrases implying the exercise or employment of fruitless labour. to plough the sands: see plough v. Phrases 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > [noun] > a profitless undertaking > object or result of

sand1576

pigeon's milk1777

1576 A. Fleming tr. Solon in Panoplie Epist. 194 I am in beliefe (I may peraduenture sowe my seede in the sande) that you will doe nothing vnto me.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 218 b Surely I shall seeme to measure the sandes, when I enter uppon the gulfe of thys Romish Ierarchy.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Audley Court in Poems (new ed.) II. 44 I might as well have traced it in the sands.

d. to bury (or hide) one's head in the sand (and allusive variants): to ignore unpleasant realities.In some quots. with direct reference to the legendary belief that an ostrich buries its head in sand when threatened.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore [verb (intransitive)]

overhipa1325

to hide one's facea1382

to look aside1530

to look beside ——1533

not to hear on that side1548

to look through the fingers1549

to pull away the shoulder1560

connive1602

to turn a (also the) blind eye1698

to bury (or hide) one's head in the sand1844

Nelson eye1893

not to want to know1948

1844 E. B. Barrett Let. 11 Jan. (1954) 212 But the squeamishness of this Age,..this Ostrich age..which exposes its own eggs, and then hides its head in the sand,..is really to me quite monstrous.

1899 W. H. D. Rouse in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives VI. 345 Like the ostrich that hides his head in the sand.

1916 W. Wilson in N.Y. Times 2 Feb. 1/1 America cannot be an ostrich with its head in the sand.

1929 L. MacNeice in Oxf. Poetry 24 Asking..Whether it would not be better To hide one's head in the warm sand of sleep.

1937 F. P. Crozier Men I Killed vii. 137 Our new system of rearmament is at least..encouraging our Colonel Blimps to hide their heads, stupidly like the ostrich, in the sand!

1946 E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh iii. 201 He thrusts his head down on his arms like an ostrich hiding its head in the sand.

1976 Star (Sheffield) 29 Oct. 10/4 The people of England should not bury their heads in the sand and say it can't happen here.

3. plural. Tracts of sand:

a. along a shore, estuary, etc. or composing the bed of a river or sea.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [noun] > sandy

sea-sandsc1420

sands1450

1450 W. Lomnor in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 36 [He] leyde his body on the sondes of Dover.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxxiiij^v The Cardinall receiued hym on the Sandes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 377 Come vnto these yellow sands .

1709 A. Pope Spring in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. 727 O'er Golden Sands let rich Pactolus flow.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 224 The great Rhine..a part of which is no doubt lost in the sands, a little above Leyden.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna xii. xvii. 258 A melody, like waves on wrinkled sands that leap.

1858 C. Kingsley Andromeda & Other Poems 53 (title) The Sands of Dee.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 240 They found a naked child upon the sands Of dark Tintagil by the Cornish sea.

b. Sandy or desert wastes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > barren land or desert > sandy

sandsa1547

red country1714

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Div May he..fall before hys tyme vnburyed amyd the sandes.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xxi. 110 The long desarts and sandes, whereby they must passe.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. xiii. 112 Why is all the coast of Peru, being ful of sands, very temperate?

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 355 Her barbarous Sons..spread Beneath Gibraltar to the Lybian sands .

a1771 T. Gray tr. T. Tasso in Wks. (1814) II. 91 Oceans unknown, inhospitable sands!

1781 W. Cowper Friendship 184 So barren sands imbibe the show'r, But render neither fruit nor flow'r.

a1822 P. B. Shelley tr. P. Calderon Scenes from Magico Prodigioso in Posthumous Poems (1824) 381 A pirate ambushed in its pathless sands.

1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain I. vii. 118 We were in the midst of sands, brushwood, and huge pieces of rock.

figurative.1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III iii. 4 A sterile track..O'er which all heavily the journeying years Plod the last sands of life,—where not a flower appears.

†c. Phrase. (Sc.) to leave or put (a person) to the long sands: apparently, to leave in the lurch, to place in a difficulty. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1671 in Fountainhall's Decision in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) II. 539 It would appear Udney transacts for the haill [sc. bond for the payment of himself and Pitreichy], pays himself, and leaves Pitreichy to the lang sands.

a1679 J. Brown Life of Faith (1824) i. ii. 33 How quickly were they put again to the long sands (as we say).

a. As used for various economic purposes; also, as an adulterant. fire of sand = sand-fire n. at Compounds 2a.

ΚΠ

1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 6 §1 Without eny more oyle brene moistur dust sonde or other thyng deceyvably puttyng to..the same Webbe.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 265/1 Sande to skoure vessell with, sablon.

1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities ii. vi. 345 The saline Corpuscles are distill'd over in a moderate Fire of Sand.

1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxiii. 233 The walls had been cleaned..and everything..was..shining with soft soap and sand.

1850 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. III. 1090 Sand, which is nearly pure silex, is used in sawing and smoothing building stones and marbles.

1857 A. H. Hassall Adulterations Detected 188 There is..but little foundation for the tales we hear about the presence of sand in sugar.

b. as an ingredient of mortar.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > sand > [noun]

sand1427

1427–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 69 Also payd for a lode sonde.. vd.

1455–6 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 290 The sayd Jhon shall repeyre sayd towyr and slype..with lym and scand.

1702 R. Neve Apopiroscopy i. 6 This Mortar is made of Lime..and Brook-Sand.

1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. liv. 293 His system, as Caius said of his style, was sand without lime.

c. as used to dry wet ink-marks.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > materials for blotting

blotting-paper1519

pin-dust1561

blotter1591

blotting-book1598

writing dust1646

writing sand1656

sucking-papera1665

pounce1704

sand1753

blotting-pad1857

blotting1872

roller1875

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. White Sands... 1. A fine shining kind, commonly used for strewing over writing.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. viii. 189 In writing, where there is neither sand, blotting paper, nor a fire, to dry it.

1860 All Year Round 21 Apr. 33 He was continually shaking sand from a pepper-box over scrawling entries in marble-covered copy-books.

d. as used in making founders' moulds; spec. a mixture of common sand with a binding material. dry sand; green sand: see green adj. 6e. facing sand, parting sand: see facing n., parting n.

ΚΠ

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 518 The experienced moulder knows how to mix the different sands placed at his disposal.

5. The sand of a sand-glass or hourglass; also, with a and plural, a grain of this. Chiefly figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > [noun] > stretch, period, or portion of time > amount of time left

sand1557

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > hourglass > part of

sand1557

neck-hole1674

neck-plate1674

1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. R.ii^v I saw, my tyme how it did runne, as sand out of the glasse.

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xxii. 1 Now our sands are almost run.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) i. iv. 26 The Sands are numbred, that makes vp my Life.

a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) Soliloquy ix. 46 Deaths impartiall hand Wounds all alike, and death will give no sand.

1734 A. Pope Epist. to Visct. Cobham 11 Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand, Yet tames not this: it sticks to our last sand.

1837 B. Disraeli Venetia III. 112 The remaining sands of my life are few.

1899 J. Chamberlain Speech in Times 28 Aug. 6/4 Will he [sc. President Kruger] speak the necessary words. The sands are running down in the glass.

†6. = arena n. literal and figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > [noun] > place for public shows > amphitheatre > arena

sand1587

sand-plot1619

arena1627

1587 F. Thynne Ann. Scotl. Pref. 406 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Thus hauing laid before thee, that he writeth best that trulie writeth publike affaires, that I was commanded by my deere freends to enter into this sand.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 25 Andreas Laurentius hath taken worthy paines, and sweate much in this sande.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. (1636) iii. xxi. 241 That citizens should encounter citizens, as if they were fencers..in the heart and forum of the city, as in a fighting ground or theatral sand.

7. slang.

a. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > unrefined or brown sugar

red sugar?a1425

black sugarc1430

panele1562

Canary sugar1568

soft sugar1581

muscovado1592

moist sugar1604

cassonade1657

brown sugar1704

bastard1766

Lisbon1767

bastard sugar1785

moist1809

sand1819

panela1830

piloncillo1844

pilonci1845

penuche1847

1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 203 Sand, moist sugar.

1823 P. Egan Grose's Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (rev. ed.)

1918 L. E. Ruggles Navy Explained 20 Bread is called ‘punk’; sugar, ‘sand’.

1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 86/1 Pass the sand, pass the sugar.

1945 California Folklore Q. 19 Oct. 46 Joe with cow and sand.

1971 M. Tak Truck Talk 100 Load of sand, a cargo of sugar.

b. Chiefly U.S. Firmness of purpose; pluck, stamina. sand in one's craw. Cf. grit n.¹ 5.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > moral courage > stoicism > [noun]

stoicism1630

grit1825

pecker1845

sand1867

stiff-upper-lippery1961

stiffupperlippishness1973

the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [noun] > capacity for moral effort or endurance

thildc950

strengthOE

dureec1330

rankc1400

tolerance1412

adamant1445

toleration1531

validity1578

durance1579

bent1604

strongness1650

duress1651

strength1667

durableness1740

stamina1803

willpower1842

backbone1843

thewness1860

sand1867

upbearing1885

wiriness1892

gut1893

sisu1926

1867 G. W. Harris Sut Lovingood 102 I tell yu he hes lots ove san' in his gizzard; he is the best pluck I ever seed.

1872 Newton Kansan 5 Dec. 3/3 We hope to see Mr. Pettibone with sufficient ‘sand in his craw’ for this new position [sc. police judge].

1874 B. Harte in N.Y. Times 28 June 2/7 Blank me if I didn't think he was losing his sand, till he walked to position.

1881 N.Y. Times 18 Dec. in Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 5 65/2 Sand. To have ‘sand in one's craw’; to be determined and plucky. Equivalent to ‘grit’.

1883 E. Ingersoll in Harper's Mag. Jan. 202 Good, solid man he was, too, with heaps of sand in him.

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn viii. 65 When I got to camp I warn't feeling very brash, there warn't much sand in my craw.

1924 J. Galsworthy Forest iv. ii. 120 By Jove, Mr. Farrell, there's sand in you. Tell me, isn't he ever ashamed of himself?

1933 J. Buchan Prince of Captivity iii. i. 264 A plain face with nothing showy about it, but all the horse-sense and sand in the world.

1954 ‘W. Henry’ Death of Legend 4 You losing your sand, Buck?

c. to raise sand (U.S.): to create a disturbance; to make a fuss.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > riotous excitement > behave with riotous excitement [verb (intransitive)]

rehayte1526

tear1602

to play up1849

to whoop things up1873

to raise sand1892

to raise (also kick up, play, etc.) merry hell1931

to go ape1955

to go (also drive) bananas1957

1892 Dial. Notes 1 231 ‘To raise sand’ is slang [in Kentucky] for to get furiously angry, the same as ‘to raise Cain’.

1893 H. A. Shands Some Peculiarities Speech Mississippi 74 Raise sand,..to create a disturbance, to raise a row.

1948 Sun (Baltimore) 1 Dec. 17/4 Boudreau raised sand but the decision stuck.

1970 C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 96 Raise sand,..to make an outcry; to brawl; to fight.

8. Anatomy and Pathology. Applied to various substances resembling sand, present either normally or as pathological products in certain animal organs or secretions. brain sand: see quot. 1856; also called pineal sand (Syd. Soc. Lex.). urinary sand: a substance of finer particles than those of gravel (gravel n. 4).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > internal organs > [noun] > substance present in

sand1577

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > substance present in

sand1577

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > concretion > sandy or granular substance

sand1577

writer's sand1660

saburra1710

1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes i. f. 19 The chief vertue that it hath, is in the paine of the stone in the Kidneis and Raines, and in expellyng of Sande and stone.

1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 60 A Seaman much troubled with Sand and gross Humors, eating of it..found so much benefit [etc.].

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 503 Urinary sand..is of two kinds, White and Red.

1856 J. W. Griffith & A. Henfrey Micrographic Dict. 605/1 Brain-sand, or the acervulus cerebri, is found in the pineal gland and the choroid plexus, sometimes also in the pia mater [etc.].

1890 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch Clin. Diagnosis vii. 205 Concretions of considerable size are occasionally to be seen with the naked eye in the urine (urinary sand).

Compounds

C1. General Combinations.

(a) Simple attributive.

sand-barge n.

ΚΠ

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxvi. 287 We were as deep as a sand-barge.

1887 S. Samuels From Forecastle to Cabin 197 My ship was loaded as deep as a sand barge.

sand-bay n.

ΚΠ

a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1860) 22 A sand-bay where it is good anchoring.

sand-beach n.

ΚΠ

1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 151 The Sand-Birds..frequent our Sand-Beaches.

a1734 J. Comer in Rhode Island Hist. Soc. Coll. (1893) 8 50 A schooner..was cast on shore, on a sand beach at Westport.

1806 Deb. Congr. U.S. (1852) 9th Congress 2 Sess. App. 1117 They passed a number of sand-beaches, and some rapids.

1878 S. Lanier Marshes of Glynn in Poems 54 Softly the sand-beach wavers away.

sand-canyon n.

ΚΠ

1939 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Journey to War 120 Sand-canyons, guarded by fantastic sandy spires and pinnacles.

sand-cart n.

ΚΠ

1788 W. Cowper Let. 1 Feb. (1982) III. 93 Thinking myself an Ass and my translation a Sandcart.

1825 J. Constable Let. 1 Aug. (1966) IV. 97 A scene on Hampstead Heath, with broken foreground and sand carts.

1834 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 3 233/3 It was like subjecting a pampered palfrey all of a sudden, to the sorrows of the sand-cart.

1923 Glasgow Herald 30 Jan. 9 There is generally a so-called sandcart, a sort of squat fly with an awning for two.

sand down n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > sand-hill

sand-hillc725

dene1278

down1523

sand down1604

dune1605

hummock1793

towan1803

sand-dune1830

medano1839

sea-bank1858

barchan1888

whaleback1918

fore-dune1921

seif1925

1604 E. Grimeston tr. True Hist. Siege Ostend 14 The Souldiers were forced to recouer the..sande downes.

1856 C. J. Andersson Lake Ngami 157 Soil as yielding as that of an English sand-down.

sand-dune n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > sand-hill

sand-hillc725

dene1278

down1523

sand down1604

dune1605

hummock1793

towan1803

sand-dune1830

medano1839

sea-bank1858

barchan1888

whaleback1918

fore-dune1921

seif1925

1830–33 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (1847) xxi. 312 By the aid of embankments and the sand dunes of the coast.

1899 C. Reid Orig. Brit. Flora 13 Many of the sand-dune..species are more properly desert plants.

sand-flat n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain > types of

sand-flat1773

alluvial plain1803

sand-plain1818

sandveld1824

tundra1841

bench-land1845

salt flat1873

panfan1915

panplain1933

pediplain1935

soda plain1946

1773 in E. W. McMullen Eng. Topogr. Terms in Florida (1953) 190 From this point runs a sand flat 1¹/ ₆ mile from the shore of Anastasia Island.

1794 Trans. Soc. Promotion Agric., Arts, & Manuf. (U.S.) 1 143 He..kept him in a very poor pasture adjoining a creek where creek-thatch grew on sand-flats.

1826 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. II. 41 The dead fish that frequently are found about the sand-flats of rivers.

1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 516/2 Locality... The sand-flats of the Cape of Good Hope.

1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. 349 Two thousand men were in arms upon the sandflats towards Deal.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. iii. [Proteus] 41 Unwholesome sandflats waited to suck his treading soles.

sand-grain n.

ΚΠ

1895 Outing 26 27/1 Dusty with little sand-grains.

sand heap n.

ΚΠ

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 19^v A little before plowing time, they scatter abroad those..small Sand heapes vpon the ground.

1854 C. M. Yonge Heartsease II. iii. xv. 327 I hope she will take her down to the sand-heap, where the children have been luxuriating all morning.

1974 Times 5 Oct. 12/2 That sand-heap played a large part in his method of teaching.

sand-island n.

ΚΠ

1840 E. A. Poe Jrnl. of Julius Rodman in Wks. (1902) IV. 43 Sand-island.

1975 Offshore Engineer Dec. 16/3 A sand island could engulf a conventional steel or concrete platform.

sand-knoll n.

ΚΠ

1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist iv. 200 A ring of tufted sand knolls.

sand-land n.

ΚΠ

1670 A. Martindale Let. 2 Dec. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1970) VII. 294 Our upland againe is either Clay-land, blacke-land or sand-land: (for that which some men make a distinct kind from all those viz Foxe-land is onely a browner and stiffer sort of sand-land).

1766 Compl. Farmer (at cited word) The grey, black, and ash-coloured sand-land are the worst of all.

1963 Times 10 June 7/1 This is 73 percent above the average of 16 other sandland farms carrying cattle and sheep as well as growing corn.

1972 Plant Dis. Reporter LVI. 695 This pathogen spread rapidly into all the tomato sand-land areas of Florida.

sand-line n.

ΚΠ

1891 W. B. Yeats John Sherman & Dhoya ii. 185 By the..edge of the lake..there suddenly stood before him a slight figure, at the edge of the narrow sand-line, dark against the glowing water.

sand-mound n.

ΚΠ

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It v. 51 He..climbs the nearest sand-mound, and gazes into the distance.

sand-pile n.

ΚΠ

1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 8 Apr. 4/2 Organized playgrounds were a valuable asset to any city—a playground in which there were sandpiles and wading pools for the little ones.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 30 Oct. 16/5 She recalls playing ‘kick the can’ and burying each other in sand piles.

sand-reef n.

ΚΠ

1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi xxiv. 267 You can tell a sand-reef—that's all easy.

1973 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. lx. 8 The mainland is..cut off from the Atlantic by the long lines of sand reefs called the Outer Banks.

sand-rip n. (rip n.⁵).

ΚΠ

1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 195 They lie in wait for them on the sand-rips and catch them as they swim over.

sand-sack n.

ΚΠ

1889 W. B. Yeats Wanderings of Oisin iii. 49 But prone on the pathway, prone struggling, They lay 'neath the sand-sack at length.

sand-sea n.

ΚΠ

1936 M. H. Mason Paradise of Fools xix. 218 When we finally get stuck in the middle of the Sand Sea..you'll have to carry everything.

1976 L. Deighton Twinkle, twinkle, Little Spy ii. 13 This road skirted the edges of the Sahara's largest sand-seas.

sand-shore n.

ΚΠ

1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 163 The waste sand-shores.

sand-spit n.

ΚΠ

1854 V. Lush Jrnl. 5 Feb. (1971) 151 The boat beat about all the afternoon and towards evening ran fast upon the sandspit off the mouth of the Mungamungaroa Creek.

1910 S. P. Hyatt Diary of Soldier of Fortune xv. 161 The town..stands on a little sandspit which juts out from a mangrove-circled bay.

1934 Discovery May 130/1 One result of the storm was that a sand spit was built out across a bay.

1974 National Geographic Dec. 785/1 Its reef supported two islets, one a mere sandspit and the other some 350 yards long.

sand-stretch n.

ΚΠ

1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos ii. 9 Glare azure of water, cold-welter, close cover. Quiet sun-tawny sand-stretch.

sand-vein n.

ΚΠ

1922 E. Blunden Shepherd 28 Where the sand-vein still bubbles its clear spring.

sand-waste n.

ΚΠ

1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow 26 The unprofitable sand-waste.

(b) With the sense ‘made of sand.’

sand core n.

ΚΠ

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 474 The sand cores for filling up that part of the shell which is to be hollow.

sand walk n.

ΚΠ

1766 Compl. Farmer at Walk Sand walks are also frequently made in gardens.

(c) Employed in the storing, carrying, working, etc. of sand.

sand bin n.

ΚΠ

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Bin, a trough..in..foundries, used as a convenient receptacle for sand..for..the moulder.

sand creel n. (creel n.¹ 1).

ΚΠ

1402–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 217 2 panyhers, 1 par de sande crelys.

sand-scoop n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Sand-scoop, a shovel for obtaining sand from the bottom of the river.

sand-wheel n.

ΚΠ

1883 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 74 338 Sand-wheel Motor... A large overshot wheel operated by sand instead of water.

1892 P. Benjamin Mod. Mech. 589 Sand Wheels [in ore-dressing machinery] are..elevators..for raising the..tailings.

b. Objective and objective genitive.

(a)

sand-castor n.

ΚΠ

1897 ‘H. S. Merriman’ In Kedar's Tents xxv. 281 Vincente was writing at the table... He smiled as he shook the small sand-castor over the paper.

1924 A. E. W. Mason House of Arrow xiii. 153 Pen-tray, candlestick, sand-castor and all were of the pink Battersea enamel.

1940 R. Graves Sergeant Lamb of Ninth 206 The chest was filled with pens, ink, paper, sand-castors.

sand crusher n.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Sand Crusher and Washer.

sand-elevator n.

ΚΠ

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 750 The sand..is again lifted by the sand-elevator.

sand mixer n.

ΚΠ

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Mixer, a machine used in mixing sand for foundry use.

sand-rammer n.

ΚΠ

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 802/2 The sand-rammers employed in making foundry moulds.

sand-shaker n.

ΚΠ

1958 Washington Post 26 June a1/8 They [sc. microphones] would be located where the old and now empty ‘sand shakers’, once used as blotters, are placed on each desk.

1972 Country Life 3 Feb. 272/3 It [sc. a 1652 inkstand] opens to reveal.. on the right a sand-shaker.

1975 New Yorker 26 May 105/3 (advt.) Sterling Silver Salt and Pepper Reproductions of the original sand shakers used by George Washington at Mt. Vernon.

sand sifter n.

ΚΠ

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Sifter, a machine made for sifting foundry sand.

sand-strewer n.

ΚΠ

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 414 Through rising fog a dragon sandstrewer, travelling at caution, slews heavily down upon him, its huge red headlight winking.

(b)

sand-loving adj.

ΚΠ

1915 E. R. Lankester Diversions of Naturalist 17 The rare sand-loving plants of the dunes.

1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 505 Sand-loving species such as the tectibranch gastropod Philine aperta.

sand-teasing adj.

ΚΠ

1865 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 26 Eye greeting doves bright-counter to the rook, Fresh brooks to salt sand-teasing waters shoaly.

c. Instrumental.

sand-blanched adj.

ΚΠ

1932 W. Faulkner Light in August v. 105 A smooth, sandblanched floor.

sand-blown adj.

ΚΠ

1907 C. C. Brown China in Legend & Story 139 Low dunes and sand-blown farmsteads.

sand-built adj.

ΚΠ

1788 T. Dwight Triumph of Infidelity 7 As sand-built domes dissolve before the stream,..The structure fled.

1830 Ld. Tennyson Ode to Memory v, in Poems 63 A sandbuilt ridge.

1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist iv. 186 The music passed..over the fantastic fabrics of his mind, dissolving them painlessly and noiselessly as a sudden wave dissolves the sandbuilt turrets of children.

sand-buried adj.

ΚΠ

1888 Daily News 3 July 6/1 The sand-buried cities of Western Mongolia.

1960 W. H. Auden Homage to Clio 58 A sand-buried site.

sand-cleaned adj.

ΚΠ

1891 W. B. Yeats John Sherman & Dhoya 17 Our sand-cleaned doorsteps.

sand-faced adj.

ΚΠ

1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Sept. 668/2 Hand-made and sand-faced [tiles].

1976 Liverpool Echo 7 Dec. 11/2 They were hand-made, sand-faced Flemish bricks, mellowed by time and totally irreplaceable.

sand-hemmed adj.

ΚΠ

1852 M. Arnold Consolation 27 In a lone, sand hemm'd City of Africa.

sand-invested adj.

ΚΠ

1870 H. W. Longfellow Div. Trag. 1st Pass. ii. iii The vast desert, silent, sand-invested.

sand-laden adj.

ΚΠ

1902 D. G. Hogarth Nearer East 72 The chief ranges run north and south, weathered to fantastic outlines by the sand-laden winds and keen frosts of winter nights.

1955 P. Larkin Less Deceived 41 Those few forbidding signs Of the continuous coarse Sand-laden wind, time.

sand-obliterated adj.

ΚΠ

1938 D. Gascoyne Hölderlin's Madness 47 The sand-obliterated face.

sand-rubbed adj.

ΚΠ

1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room i. 13 Wind-swept, sand-rubbed, a more unpolluted piece of bone existed nowhere.

sand-silted adj.

ΚΠ

1945 C. Mann in W. Murdoch & H. Drake-Brockman Austral. Short Stories (1951) 259 It broke through the sand-silted block.

sand-smothered adj.

ΚΠ

1924 D. H. Lawrence & M. L. Skinner Boy in Bush 11 Clogged,..sand-smothered, that's what we are.

sand-stained adj.

ΚΠ

1916 A. Huxley Burning Wheel 50 Who marked the land-weeds and the sand-stained foam.

sand-strewn adj.

ΚΠ

1849 M. Arnold Forsaken Merman 35 Sand-strewn caverns, cool and deep.

d. Parasynthetic.

sand-beached adj.

ΚΠ

1895 R. Kipling Second Jungle Bk. 166 Some granite-tipped, sand-beached islet.

sand-bottomed adj.

ΚΠ

1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 12 Sand-bottomed, clear but not shallow streams.

sand-rimmed adj.

ΚΠ

1857 J. G. Whittier Poet. Wks. II. 231 Mine the sand-rimmed pickerel pond.

sand-roofed adj.

ΚΠ

1845 H. W. Longfellow Belfry of Bruges 50 Whole villages of sand-roofed tents.

sand-wharfed adj.

ΚΠ

1930 E. Blunden Poems 318 So unexpected and so beautiful That they live on in the sand-wharfed pool.

e. Adverbial, chiefly similative.

(a)

sand-blond adj.

ΚΠ

1953 C. Day Lewis Ital. Visit ii. 32 The hills are sand-blond.

sand-coloured adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [adjective] > brownish yellow

ochry1567

olive-coloured1612

sand-coloured1627

shammy1661

buff-coloured1686

pea soup1703

ochreish1747

ochreous1761

buff1765

ochraceous1776

buff-colour1796

buffish1802

mustard-coloured1825

nankeen1838

buffy1842

ochre-coloured1845

mustardy1850

ochrous1877

buff-yellow1882

buff-washed1883

mustard1919

Sahara1923

wheaten1975

1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) ix. 822 Sand-colour'd Ammodytes.

1897 Daily News 9 Sept. 6/5 Sand-coloured cloth.

sand-like adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adjective] > abundant, numerous

so manyc888

thickc893

muchc1225

rifec1275

stourc1275

unridec1300

copiousc1384

plentya1400

rivedc1400

numerable?a1425

numerous?a1475

many a several1543

rank1545

numberous1566

huge1570

multuous1586

multeous1589

numberful1594

numberable1596

numbery1606

numbersomea1617

multitudinousa1631

sand-like1630

voluminous1650

several1712

smart1750

powerful1800

multitudinarious1810

multitudinary1838

1630 J. Taylor Siege Jerusalem in Wks. i. 10/1 [Adam] from whose Star-like, Sand-like Generation, Sprung euery Kindred, Kingdome, Tribe, and Nation.

sand-sized adj.

ΚΠ

1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. xx. 365/2 In them [sc. sandstones] the clay mineral occurs as large sand-sized aggregates.

1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 24/2 Somewhat larger particles, sand-sized grains, offer sufficient air resistance to be briefly heated to incandescence by friction before being entirely destroyed in the upper atmosphere.

sand-toned adj.

ΚΠ

1916 Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 635/2 In the midst of the mass of sand-toned uniforms.

(b) Locative.

sand-bogged adj.

ΚΠ

1959 A. Upfield Bony & Black Virgin xi. 88 Lots of drift sand now. We'd find it rougher in the ute. Be sand-bogged a lot.

sand-burrowing adj.

ΚΠ

1963 R. P. Dales Annelids i. 29 Such protonephridia..are found in phyllodocids and in the sandburrowing nephthyids.

sand dwelling adj.

ΚΠ

1911 F. O. Bower Plant-life on Land 128 Certain sand-dwelling plants.

1963 R. P. Dales Annelids ii. 43 In lugworms, in the fusiform sand-dwelling opheliids.

sand-marooned adj.

ΚΠ

1946 W. de la Mare Traveller 19 Meagre his saddlebag as camel's hump When, sand-marooned, she staggers to her doom.

sand-mounded adj.

ΚΠ

1921 W. de la Mare Veil & Other Poems 24 Rent hull, and broken mast, She sprawls sand-mounded.

sand-wading adj.

ΚΠ

1884 Cornhill Mag. May 459 We had an hour's sand-wading after leaving O-Bak.

(c)

sand-groping n.

ΚΠ

1924 D. H. Lawrence & M. L. Skinner Boy in Bush 21 They walked off the timber platform into the sand, and Jack had his first experience of ‘sand-groping’.

C2.

a. Special combinations:

sand-ball n. a kind of toilet soap (see quot. 1884).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > form of soap

soft soap?a1425

washing-ball1538

ball1575

tablet1582

musk ball1589

liquid soap1600

soap-ball1601

wash-ball1601

savonette1702

brick soap1753

bar-soap1824

bar1834

sand-ball1846

soap powder1865

leaf1882

soap leaf1909

soap flakes1926

shower gel1970

1846 Lady Montefiore Jewish Man. iv. 212 Sand-balls are excellent for removing hardness of the hands.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Sand-balls.

1884 A. Watt Art of Soap-making xix. 164 Sand-Balls are made by incorporating with melted and perfumed soap certain proportions of fine river sand.

sandbar n. a bank of sand formed at the mouth of a river or harbour by the action of the water; also, a sandbank in the course of a river or close to a beach.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > reef > sandbank > [noun]

sand-ridgec1000

hurst1398

shelp1430

sand1495

ayre1539

bar1587

knock1587

sandbank1589

middle ground1653

middle1702

overslaugh1755

sandbar1767

sea-bank1828

tow-head1829

wharf1867

whale1905

horse1926

1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 55 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) Towards the opposite shore there is a sand-bar.

1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia ii. 9 The Missisipi, below the mouth of the Missouri, is always muddy, and abounding with sand bars, which frequently change their places.

1796 A. Ellicott Jrnl. (1803) 14 The fog was so thick that we could neither discover sand-bars nor logs.

1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 77 A great many sand-bars [in the Missouri River].

1829 S. Cummings Western Pilot 7 There are..a great number of tow-heads and sand-bars.

1858 T. G. Vielé Following Drum 76 The ship..went to pieces on a sand-bar.

1897 Outing 30 50/2 This one sheet of water formed a small harbor to the lee of a sand-bar.

1935 M. M. Atwater Crime in Corn-weather i. 2 The little river—at this season no more than a network of shallow runnels between thirsty sand bars.

1968 W. Warwick Surfriding in N.Z. 10/3 At a beach break..the takeoff area is always changing due to drifting sand-bars.

sandbar willow n. a North American shrub or small tree, Salix longifolia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > willow and allies > [noun] > other types of willow

red willow1547

water willow1583

goat's willow1597

rose willow1597

sweet willow1597

French willow1601

siler1607

palm-withy1609

sallowie1610

swallowtail willow1626

willow bay1650

black willow1670

crack-willow1670

grey willow1697

water sallow1761

almond willowa1763

swallow-tailed willow1764

swamp willow1765

golden osier1772

golden willow1772

purple willow1773

sand-willow1786

goat willow1787

purple osier1797

whipcord1812

Arctic willow1818

sage-willow1846

pussy willow1851

Kilmarnock willow1854

sweet-bay willow1857

pussy1858

palm willow1869

Spaniard1871

ground-willow1875

Spanish willow1875

snap-willow1880

diamond willow1884

sandbar willow1884

pussy palm1886

creeping willow1894

bat-willow1907

cricket bat willow1907

silver willow1914

1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 168 Sand-Bar Willow... Very common throughout the Mississippi River basin.

1975 M. C. Davis Near Woods v. 64 A natural hedge of sandbar willows accompanied us for twenty yards or so into the lake.

sand-bat n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > sandstone

water sill1817

post1876

sand-bat1876

sand-burr1876

1876 H. B. Woodward Geol. Eng. & Wales vii. 169 Beds of concretionary sandstone or sandy limestone called ‘sand bats’ or ‘sand burrs’.

sand-battery n. (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun]

electric battery1774

pile1800

battery1801

trough1806

voltaic battery1812

voltaic pile1812

magnetomotor1823

trough battery1841

gas battery1843

gravity battery1870

sand-battery1873

Bunsen battery1879

gravitation battery1883

magazine batterya1884

perfluent batterya1884

1873 F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xv. §1 This [galvanic] battery is made more portable by filling the cells with sand... In this form it is called the common sand battery.

sand-beach n. U.S. a beach consisting of, or covered with, sand.

ΚΠ

1821 T. Nuttall Jrnl. Trav. Arkansa xiv. 276 The sand-beaches, as hot and cheerless as the African deserts.

1879 Harper's Mag. June 70/1 The shores are generally bluff with narrow strips of sand beach along the water's edge.

† sand-bearded adj. Obsolete having a sandy-coloured beard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [adjective] > beard > types of > having

long-beardedc1400

red-bearded1552

white-bearded1555

whey-bearded1556

grey-bearded1562

black-bearded1577

barbatulousc1600

bush-bearded1615

big-bearded1620

sand-beardeda1641

goateed1847

brown-bearded1882

peach fuzz1932

peach-fuzzed1956

a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) i. iii. 23 A short-ffellowe..sand beareded, and squint eyde.

sand belt n. an arid ridge of sand frequently extending many miles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > ridge of sand

full1749

wreath1772

wave1789

sand belt1865

yardang1904

1865 D. Wilson Prehist. Man (ed. 2) ii. 19 Superior Bay and its tributary rivers with their spits and sand-belts.

1881 F. Oates Matabele-Land (1889) 238 I went on with the waggons.., finally stopping on a sandbelt near a pan of water.

sand-belt machine n. a variety of sand-papering machine.

ΚΠ

1892 P. Benjamin Mod. Mech. 763 The sand-belt machine.

sand-binder n. a plant which tends to hold loose or shifting sand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > that grows in (and binds) sand

sand plant1849

sand-binder1887

psammophile1888

psammophyte1903

1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 390 Creeping and twining plant, found on the sea~shore; it is a good sand-binder.

sand-blight n. = sandy blight n. at sandy adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > conjunctivitis or ophthalmitis > types of

psorophthalmia1585

psorophthalmy1656

xerophthalmia1656

ophthalmia neonatorum1835

photophobophthalmia1842

sun blight1848

sand-blight1852

sandy blight1869

blepharoconjunctivitis1890

pink-eye1897

klieg eyes1923

bung eye1933

shipyard eye1943

red-eye1952

1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes I. ii. 85 In New South Wales these storms sometimes cause the eye-blight, or sand-blight, as the malady is indifferently called.

sand blow n. the removal or deposition of large quantities of sand by the wind; a place where this has occurred.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > by wind, water, or ice > sand blow

sand blow1922

1922 Chambers's Jrnl. 12 428/2 The drifting sand held sway... Towns and villages were devastated by it... Sand-blow alone did not complete the desolation. For months great areas were covered with water.

1934 Antiquity 8 182 Vast sand-blows begun by cattle breaking down the dunes.

1980 National Trust Spring 15/1 They were isolated from the sea by the extraordinary thirteenth- and fourteenth-century sand-blows.

sand-blower n. (see quot. 1875).

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Sand-blower, a device for powdering with sand a freshly painted surface, in order to make it resemble stone.

sand-body n. Geology a permeable underground mass of sand or sandstone (which may contain oil).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mass > [noun] > of sand or sandstone

sand-body1910

1910 R. H. Johnson in Oil Investors' Jrnl. 20 Feb. 70/3 The necessity of conceiving the shape of the sand body as something different from the shape of the actual oil-containing reservoir is of great importance.

1910 R. H. Johnson in Oil Investors' Jrnl. 20 Feb. 70/3 I have found this of considerable value in predicting the shape of a ‘sand-body’.

1911 R. H. Johnson in Econ. Geol. VI. 809 In order to emphasize the importance of shape I have suggested that the term sand-body be adopted, from the analogy of the word ore-body, to describe the reservoir, i.e., continuous mass of sand or sandstones sufficiently porous to be capable of containing oil and gas in commercial quantities.

1927 Petroleum Devel. & Technol. 1926 (Amer. Inst. Mining Engin. Petroleum Div.) 202 He is also enabled to determine such vital subsurface conditions as (1) porosity, (2) density, (3) saturation, and (4) thickness of sandbodies.

sand boil n. U.S. an eruption of water through the surface of the ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > spring > [noun] > other types

acidulae1670

redwater1712

blow-well1799

sand boil1937

1937 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 2 Feb. 1/8 Dread ‘sand boils’ bursting up in the heart of..Cairo [Illinois] forewarned of deeply undermined barriers guarding the..city today... The eruptions sprang from the terrific pressure of the flooded Ohio River waters slowly eating their way beneath the..levels.

1939 W. Faulkner Wild Palms 24 Even those who..had probably never before seen more water than a horse pond..could (and did) talk glibly of sandboils.

1954 Encounter Oct. 9/1 The owners of the..plantations along the Big River confederated..to hold the sandboils and the cracks.

1976 C. S. Brown Gloss. Faulkner's South 167 A sandboil must be neutralized promptly. This is done by building a wall of sandbags around it so that a column of water will be built up above it to equalize the pressure.

sand bowls n. bowls for playing upon sand.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > [noun] > bowl

bowlc1420

bias bowl1592

sand bowlsa1683

wood1884

yetling1895

a1683 Shaftesbury in Gentleman's Mag. (1754) 24 160/1 A bowling green..long but narrow, full of high ridges..; they used round sand bowls.

sand brake n. an appliance for stopping a train by the automatic packing of the axles with sand.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > devices to retard or stop motion > brake or braking apparatus > types of

handbrake1841

rubber1850

air brake1857

disc brake1865

power brake1865

hydraulic brake1874

vacuum-brake1875

rim brake1876

drum brake1882

sand brakea1884

calliper brake1904

rheostatic brake1920

callipers1972

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 779/1 Sand Brake.

sandbreak n. a patch of sandy ground in a landscape.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun] > sand

sandbreak1883

1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iii. xiii. 102 This even tint was indeed broken up by streaks of yellow sandbreak in the lower lands.

sand-brush n. the brush or underwood of a sandy district.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > brushwood, scrub, or underwood

ronea1300

underwooda1325

rammel1338

brushetc1380

scroga1400

bushailec1400

frithing1429

brushal1430

brushc1440

ronec1440

thevec1440

garsil1483

shroga1500

cablish1594

south-bois1598

undergrowth1600

frith1605

hand timber1664

subbois1664

urith1671

brushwood1732

bush-wood1771

underbrush1775

slop1784

woodiness1796

scrub1805

shag1836

chaparral1845

underbush1849

underscrub1870

sand-brush1871

buck-brush1874

bush1879

horizontal scrub1888

tangle-wood1894

shin-tangle1905

1871 C. Kingsley At Last i A little swamp of foul brown water, backed up by the sand-brush.

sand-bunker n. a small well-fenced sandpit (Jamieson).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > golf course > [noun] > hazards

hazard1744

blind hazard1816

bunker1824

sand-bunker1824

sand1842

break-club1857

water hazard1889

trap1890

casual water1899

pot bunker1899

sand-trap1922

1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xi. 223 All the gangrel bodies that ye..find cowering in a sand-bunker upon the links.

sand-burned adj.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Sand-burned.

sand burnt adj. of a casting, injured by the partial fusion of the sand in the mould.

sand-burr n. = sand-bat n. (see also sand-bur n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > sandstone

water sill1817

post1876

sand-bat1876

sand-burr1876

1876Sand burr [see sand-bat n.].

sand cake n. [translating German sandkuchen, sandtorte] a kind of cake which crumbles in the mouth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > sponge-cake

Savoy cake?1750

sponge cake1808

muffin1835

Madeira cake1845

Victoria sandwich1861

angels' food1865

marble cake1871

sponge1877

angel cake1878

angel food cake1878

layer cake1882

sponge sandwich1884

Lady Baltimore cake1889

sand cake1892

sandwich cake1911

Victoria sponge1934

red velvet1951

1892 T. F. Garrett & W. A. Rawson Encycl. Pract. Cookery I. 253 Sand Cakes. Sand Cake with Marmalade (German).

sand-canal n. Zoology (see quot. 1870).

ΚΠ

1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. I. Gloss. Sand-canal, the tube by which water is conveyed from the exterior to the ambulacral system of the Echinodermata.

sandcastle n. a structure of sand resembling the form of a castle, of the kind made by a child on the beach; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > mud-pie or sandcastle

dirt-piea1642

mud-pie1788

sand pie1833

sandcastle1854

1854 C. M. Yonge Castle Builders v. 63 The children are..dabbling after sea-weed and shells, and building sand castles.

1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 6 Jan. 16/2 (title) Sand-Castles.

1925 H. G. Wells Christina Alberta's Father i. iv. 95 They had..camped on the beach while Mr. Preemby and Christina Alberta had made sand-castles.

1975 C. A. Haddad Moroccan i. 5 We tried to build a sandcastle romance out of our few short months in the [desert] sand.

1980 D. Newsome On Edge of Paradise vii. 228 Playing like children on the beach..making sand-castles.

sand cay n. [cay n.] a small sandy island, usually elongated parallel to the shore, frequently found on a coral reef and there composed of fine coral debris; = sand key n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > island > [noun] > small

aiteOE

islec1290

inchc1425

isleta1552

isolet1613

insulet1622

motu1770

sand key1775

islot1790

oe1810

illaun1882

sand cay1934

1934 T. Wood Cobbers xvii. 219 You do not see it [sc. the Barrier Reef]... You see instead islands... Islands which are sand-cays covered with birds.

1937 Geogr. Jrnl. 89 138 Sand-cays may occur on almost any reef, but they are most typical of the inner reefs of the outer barrier.

1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 972/2 During hurricanes, sand cays are liable to be swept clear of vegetation and may disappear completely in a single storm.

sand-clock n. = sand-glass n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > hourglass

running glass1480

night-glass1504

hourglass?1518

sand-glass1553

glass1557

minute glass1626

watch-glass1637

time-glass1712

sand-clock1865

hand glass1875

pulpit glass1907

1865 Student & Schoolmate June 177 One evening, fifty years ago, the noiseless ‘sand-clock’ in Squire Allen's bar-room was fast running down.

1964 Listener 24 Dec. 1011/3 The watch makers of Nuremberg were still turning out sand clocks on the egg-timer principle.

sand-cloud n. a cloud-like mass of sand accompanying a simoom.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-cloud or sand-cloud

red fog1828

brickfielder1829

sand-cloud1852

sea-dust1879

sirocco-dust1879

1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 517 The desert sand-cloud or simoom.

sand-club n. (a) = sandbag n. 2c ( Cent. Dict.); (b) originally U.S., = sand-iron n. (b).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [noun] > club > types of club

play club1685

putting club1690

gentlemen's club1709

putter1783

spoon1790

iron1793

sand-iron1796

whip-club1808

cleek1829

driving putter1833

bunker-iron1857

driver1857

niblick1857

putting iron1857

baffing-spoon1858

mid-spoon1858

short spoon1858

sand-club1873

three-wood1875

long iron1877

driving cleek1881

mashie1881

putting cleek1881

track-iron1883

driving iron1887

lofting-iron1887

baffy1888

brassy1888

bulger1889

lofter1889

lofter1892

jigger1893

driving mashie1894

mid-iron1897

mashie-niblick1907

wood1915

pinsplitter1916

chipper1921

blaster1937

sand-wedge1937

wedge1937

1873 Winfield (Kansas) Courier 11 Sept. 1/7 A weapon of a peculiarly dangerous and for a time mysterious nature..is a sand club, formed by filling an eel skin with sand.

1912 Punch 15 May 380/2 Incidentally I am pleased to know that Americans call a niblick a sand-club.

1977 P. Alliss Play Golf with P. Alliss 57 If you play on a heavy course with hard muddy bunkers then you will need a sand club with a sharpish leading edge.

sand-coal n.

ΚΠ

1848 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson tr. F. Knapp Chem. Technol. I. 33 Other kinds of coal..leave a coke of the same form without caking. When pulverized, they leave a powdery coke. This variety is called sand-coal.

sand cone n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1902 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Sand cone, a low pinnacle of ice on a glacier, protected from melting by a layer of sand.

sand core n. a compact mass of sand that is dipped into molten glass and withdrawn, so as to serve as a core in the making of a hollow vessel; frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > glass-making equipment > [noun] > shaping equipment

ferret1662

punty1662

puntilion1665

pucellas1701

casting-table1728

marble1745

pinching tongs1765

borsella1823

punt1823

marver1832

pontil1832

punto1839

working tube1841

bullion-bar1852

blowing-iron1855

bullion-rod1862

blowpipec1865

pointel1865

gadget1868

casting-slaba1877

casting-plate1881

glass-cutter1881

sand core1894

polissoir1897

pontil rod1934

blowing-machine1940

blowing-pipe-

blowing-tube-

society > occupation and work > equipment > glass-making equipment > [adjective] > shaping equipment

sand core1894

1894 W. M. F. Petrie Tell el Amarna iv. 27 A tapering rod of metal was taken..; on the end of this was formed a core of fine sand... The rod and core were dipped in the melted glass... When the whole was finished, the metal rod in cooling would contract loose from the glass; it could then be withdrawn, the sand core rubbed out, and the vase would be finished.

1933 Antiquity 7 421 In the technique of glass-manufacture..the process of pressing into a mould as distinct from modelling on a sand-core came into vogue.

1934 Greece & Rome May 140 Vessels of glass made by the sand-core technique, a process well known in Egypt during the eighteenth dynasty.

1962 D. Harden Phoenicians xi. 154 From the seventh to the third century sand-core fabrics made up the bulk of existing glass vessels.

sand-crack n. (a) a fissure in a horse's hoof; (without a and plural) a condition so characterized; (b) a crack in the human foot caused by walking on hot sandy soil; (c) a crack in a moulded brick, prior to burning, due to imperfect mixing ( Cent. Dict.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of feet or hooves

pains1440

mellitc1465

false quarter1523

gravelling?1523

founder1547

foundering1548

foot evil1562

crown scab1566

prick1566

quittor bone1566

moltlong1587

scratches1591

hoof-bound1598

corn1600

javar1600

frush1607

crepance1610

fretishing1610

seam1610

scratchets1611

kibe1639

tread1661

grease1674

gravel1675

twitter-bone1688

cleft1694

quittor1703

bleymes1725

crescent1725

hoof-binding1728

capelet1731

twitter1745

canker1753

grease-heels1753

sand-crack1753

thrush1753

greasing1756

bony hoof1765

seedy toe1829

side bone1840

cracked heel1850

mud fever1872

navicular1888

coronitis1890

toe-crack1891

flat-foot1894

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > chap or crack

rhagadesOE

chap1398

chine1398

rupture?a1425

chapping1540

rift1543

chame1559

cleft1576

chop1578

crepature1582

cone1584

chink1597

fent1597

chawn1601

star1607

hacka1610

kin1740

sand-crack1895

1753 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery xxxix. 290 What is called a sand-crack, is a little cleft on the outside of the hoof.

1895 J. G. Millais Breath from Veldt iv. 71 His feet were so sore with sand cracks he could not walk.

1903 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ All on Irish Shore 82 The glow from the fire illumined the smith's sardonic grin of remembrance. ‘She had a sandcrack in the near fore that time, and there's the sign of it yet.’

1934 A. Russell Tramp-royal in Wild Austral. xix. 120 This in a country where the hooves of horses develop sandcrack.

1976 Horse & Hound 3 Dec. 53 (advt.) Daily use after sand-crack, seedy-toe, brittle or contracted feet, encourages the natural growth of healthy horn.

sand crater n. (see quot. 1883).

ΚΠ

1856 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 9 Apr. in Writings (1906) XIV. 268 I..sit on the edge of that sand-crater near the spring by the railroad.

1883 Science 1 67/2 ‘Sand-craters’..are shown to result from the wet quicksand being forced up through a vent..in the overlying clays.

sand culture n. Botany a hydroponic method of plant cultivation in which the plants are rooted in beds of purified sand supplied with nutrient solutions, used esp. to determine their mineral requirements; a culture of this kind; usually attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] > hydroponics

aquaculture1887

sand culture1916

drip culture1923

aquaponics1937

hydroponics1937

gravel culture1940

ring culture1953

1916 Soil Sci. II. 208 The sand culture solutions giving low yields of tops are characterized by a wide range in the Mg/Ca ratio.

1936 Phytopathology 26 279 Soil cultures were similarly prepared and kept with the sand cultures under the same conditions.

1940 A. Laurie Soilless Culture Simplified viii. 136 The advantage often claimed for sand or gravel culture—that of increased production—can easily be overstressed.

1978 Fluoride XI. 76 In Helianthus annus seedlings grown in sand culture for five weeks the concentration of fluoride in the root and shoot was generally proportional to the concentration in the substrate.

sand-dance n. a step-dance performed on a sanded surface.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > tap- or step-dancing > [noun]

treble1805

clog-dance1881

step-dancing1886

step-dance1887

sand-dancea1894

soft-shoe1900

sand-dancing1905

tap-dancing1928

tap-dance1929

tap1944

tapping1944

a1894 R. L. Stevenson Amateur Emigrant (1895) 43 That's a bonny hornpipe now,..they dance the sand dance to it.

sand-dance v.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > tap- or step-dancing > tap- or step-dance [verb (intransitive)]

step-dance1887

sand-dance1905

clog1925

tap-dance1929

soft-shoe1938

1905 Daily Chron. 24 Feb. 6/3 Only an expert in sand-dancing could have found a hair's-breadth of difference in their ability to sand-dance.

sand-dancing n.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > tap- or step-dancing > [noun]

treble1805

clog-dance1881

step-dancing1886

step-dance1887

sand-dancea1894

soft-shoe1900

sand-dancing1905

tap-dancing1928

tap-dance1929

tap1944

tapping1944

1905 Daily Chron. 24 Feb. 6/3 Only an expert in sand-dancing could have found a hair's-breadth of difference in their ability to sand-dance.

sand-dashing n. (see quot. 1833).

ΚΠ

1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §1435. 683 The external walls to be of stone.., walled rough for stucco or sand-dashing (rough-casting).

sand-devil n. in Africa, a small whirlwind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-spout or sand-spout

whirl-spout1737

devil1813

sand-spouta1849

sand-pillar1879

dust-devil1888

sand-devil1901

whirly-whirly1928

sand-smoke1930

1901 Lancet 16 Mar. 771/1 A number of small whirlwinds, called ‘sand-devils’, which would pass slowly along sucking up quantities of sand and any light articles such as pieces of paper.

1977 H. Innes Big Footprints iii. ii. 282 There was nothing visible..except here and there the dancing whirl of a sand devil.

sand-draw n. U.S. a channel of a subterranean stream with sand overlying it; the stream itself.

ΚΠ

1896 P. A. Rydberg in Contrib. U.S. National Herbarium III. No. 8. 470 A sand draw is a subterranean stream. On the surface is seen only a broader or narrower band of pure sand, marking the channel.

sand-drift n. drifting sand or an accumulation of this.

ΚΠ

1839 H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall xiv. 445 Running streams of water arrest the progress of the sand-drift.

sand drown n. chlorosis of plants caused by magnesium deficiency in the soil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > deficiency diseases

chlorosis1805

leaf scald1870

leaf scorch1899

sand drown1922

yellows1926

iron deficiency anaemia1932

1922 Science 22 Sept. 341/2 The popular name of this chlorosis is ‘Sand Drown’, a term referring to the fact that the disease is likely to occur in aggravated form in the more sandy portions of the field after heavy rainfall.

1968 B. C. Akehurst Tobacco v. 96 Magnesium deficiency (called sand drown) is shown by a characteristic chlorosis that starts with the tips of the bottom leaves, spreads across them and moves up the plant in a similar manner.

† sand dust n. Obsolete = dust n.¹ 3b.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > types of > implying unimportance

sand dust1604

1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore i. i. 56 What but faire sand-dust are earths purest formes.

sand filter n. a filter used in water purification consisting of layers of sand arranged with coarseness of texture increasing downwards.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > filtering or percolating > [noun] > filter or percolator > for water

filtering basin1801

sand-trapa1877

sand filter1894

1894 Rafter & Baker Sewage Disposal in U.S. xiv. 267 Sand filters have considerable capacity for storing the nitrogenous matter at one period and later on converting it into nitrates.

1977 F. M. Middleton in H. I. Shuval Water Renovation & Reuse i. 13 Sand filters have been used for many years.

† sand-fire n. Obsolete = sand-bath n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > baths > of sand

sand-furnace1666

sand-bath1677

sand-fire1677

1677 W. Harris tr. N. Lémery Course Chym. i. v. 57 Place the Matrass in a small Sand-fire digesting for a day.

1747 tr. J. Astruc Academical Lect. Fevers 150 [The water] must be renewed as often as it is evaporated by the sand-fire.

sand-flag n. ? = flag-sandstone (flag n.² Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > for flooring

sand-flag1814

flagstone1815

flag-sandstone1843

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > flagstone

sand-flag1814

flagstone1815

flag-sandstone1843

1814 W. Scott Diary 9 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. iv. 169 These lofty cliffs are all of sand-flag, a very loose and perishable kind of rock.

1821 W. Scott Pirate I. vii. 160 Soft and crumbling stone called sand-flag which..descend with great fury to the..foot of the rock.

sand-flask n. a frame for a sand-mould.

ΚΠ

1884 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 10/2 A sand-flask is then placed upon the board over the model.

sand-flaw n. a flaw in the surface of a brick due to the uneven coating of sand given to the clay in moulding.

ΚΠ

1884 C. T. Davis Pract. Treat. Manuf. Bricks 124 The brick shall contain no cracks or sand-flaws.

sand flood n. an inundation of moving or drifting sand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > ejected volcanic material > [noun] > stones, dust, or sand

sand flood1668

lapilli1747

rapilli1768

lapillo1811

tephra1944

1668 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 3 722 A Sand-floud, which hath lately over~whelmed a great tract of Land in..Suffolk.

1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 301 The commencement of the sand-flood might have been long posterior to the formation of the greater portion of that continent.

sand-furnace n. = sand-bath n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > baths > of sand

sand-furnace1666

sand-bath1677

sand-fire1677

1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities ii. vii. 370 We very gently in a Sand-Furnace distill off the Menstruum.

sand-gall n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Galls, sand-galls, spots of sand through which the water oozes. Norf. and Suf.

?1811 Agric. Surv. Dumbartonshire 330 (Jam.) at Gaw A few narrow sand gaws.

1876 H. B. Woodward Geol. Eng. & Wales xiii. 409 The Chalk is worn away into pipes and hollows. Note. Called ‘Earth pots’ in Norfolk, and sometimes ‘Sand-galls’.

sand garden n. in Japanese landscape gardening, an open space covered with sand, the surface of which is raked into a pattern.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > other types of garden

grounda1500

knot-garden1519

back-garden1535

summer garden1589

spring garden1612

spring gardena1625

water gardena1626

walled gardena1631

wildernessa1644

window garden1649

botanic garden1662

Hanging Gardens1705

winter garden1736

cottage garden1765

Vauxhall1770

English garden1771

wall garden1780

chinampa1787

moat garden1826

gardenesque1832

sunk garden1835

roof garden1844

weedery1847

wild garden1852

rootery1855

beer-garden1863

Japanese garden1863

bog-garden1883

Italian garden1883

community garden1884

sink garden1894

trough garden1935

sand garden1936

Zen garden1937

hydroponicum1938

tub garden1974

rain garden1994

1936 T. Tamura Art of Landscape Garden in Japan 225 (caption) A sand garden carefully raked to print lines and waves.

1965 ‘S. Harvester’ Assassins Road iii. 32 The lighted windows showed patches as desolate as a Japanese sand-garden.

1975 R. L. Duncan Dragons at Gate (1976) iii. 89 Calder only half heard what she was saying,..fixing his attention on the sand garden.

sand gardening n. the practice of this style of landscape design.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] > types of gardening

curtilagec1430

kitchen gardening?1700

landscape-gardeninga1763

picturesque gardeninga1763

window gardening1801

landscape architecture1840

rock gardening1840

market gardening1852

water gardening1870

wild gardening1870

olericulture1886

market work1887

trucking1897

tub-gardening1904

landscaping1930

greenswardsmanship1936

godwottery1937

sand gardening1960

xeriscaping1987

1960 Spectator 16 Feb. 261/1 It's an uneasy, foreign respect—the sort one feels for minor, inscrutable Japanese arts such as Noh or sand-gardening.

† sand-gavel n. Obsolete (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of taking minerals

sand-mail1287

lot-leada1483

lot1630

cope1631

sand-gavel1663

lordship1767

gale1775

tribute1778

royalty1839

groundage1852

seignioragea1859

galeage1881

1663 S. Taylor Hist. Gavel-kind ix. 113 In the same Lordship [of Rodely, Glos.] is also another called Sand-gavel, which is..a Payment due to the Lord, for the liberty granted to the Tenents to Digg up Sand.

† sand-gelt n. Obsolete in Flanders, ? an impost levied on shipping to pay the cost of clearing the harbour from sand.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > shipping dues > [noun]

lastinglOE

lastage1205

anchorage1405

strandage1419

plankage1424

quayage1440

lowage1457

measurage1460

perch money1466

perching1483

keel-toll?1499

wharf-gelt1505

sand-gelt1527

wharfage1535

soundage1562

towage1562

groundage1567

bankage1587

rowage1589

shore-silver1589

pilotage1591

dayage1592

ballastage1594

rivage1598

pieragec1599

shore-mail1603

lightage1606

shorage1611

port charge1638

light money1663

port due1663

water-bailage1669

mensuragea1676

mooragea1676

keelage1679

shore-due1692

harbour-due1718

lockage1722

magazinage1736

jettage?1737

light duty1752

tide-duty1769

port duty1776

dockage1788

light due1793

canalage1812

posting-dues1838

warpage1863

winch1864

postage1868

flag-dues1892

berthage1893

shore-levy-

1527 Chron. Calais (1846) 103 Without paying..sandgelt, wharfgelt [etc.].

sand glacier n. Geomorphology (see quot. 1972).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > deposited by water, ice, or wind > [noun] > wind-blown

drifta1400

wave1789

sand glacier1875

lunette1940

sand shadow1941

the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > plateau > types of

puna1604

potrero1872

sand glacier1875

parma1888

1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 599/1 Among the less ordinary geological phenomena [of the Bermudas] may be mentioned the ‘sand glacier’ at Elbow Bay.

1897 Geogr. Jrnl. 9 286 Wind blowing outwards from a deep sand tract forms a horizontal plateau terminated by a talus as steep as the sand can rest. Under these conditions the encroachment of sand recalls the manner of advance of a glacier, and to this formation I restrict the term ‘sand glacier’.

1919 Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 31 416 The typical forms of sand accumulation known as ‘sand glaciers’, which have been described in various parts of the world are due to sand being blown up the sides of hills or mountains, thence finding a passage through any passes or saddles, and spreading out on the opposite sides to form wide fan-shaped plains.

1972 Gloss. Geol. (Amer. Geol. Inst.) 627/2 Sand glacier. (a) An accumulation of sand that is blown up the side of a hill or mountain and through a pass or saddle, and then spread out on the opposite side to form a wide fan-shaped plain. (b) A horizontal plateau of sand terminated by a steep talus slope.

sand gold n. gold dust.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > native elements and alloys > [noun] > native gold

gold dust1607

virgin gold1673

sand gold1766

vein gold1834

rhodium gold1844

free gold1854

shot gold1858

flour-gold1869

stream-gold1875

1766 T. Amory Life John Buncle II. x. 357 It is found..sometimes in a powdry form, and then called gold-dust, or sand-gold.

sand grain n. Printing (see quot. 1904); also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > aquatint > techniques

thumb-printing1869

sand grain1904

sugar aquatint1962

1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 203/1 Sand Grain... A ground is laid as for etching; a sheet of sandpaper is then laid face downwards on the plate, which is passed through the printer's press with sufficient pressure for the grains of sand to pierce the ground.

1960 H. Hayward Connoisseur's Handbk. Antique Collecting 248/1 A sand-grain aquatint is obtained from a plate which has been pulled through the press with a piece of sand paper to roughen its surface.

sand-groper n. Australian a jocular appellation for a native West Australian.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Antipodes > native or inhabitant of Australia > [noun] > parts of

bushboya1834

Melbournite1838

Melburnian1838

bushman1846

Vandemonian1852

scrubber1859

Queenslander1860

Victorian1862

Sydneysider1865

Centralian1875

Waler1880

Territorian1882

mutton-bird1892

bushy1896

sand-groper1896

tothersider1896

crow-eater1899

Bananalander1900

outbacker1900

Tassie1905

groper1924

Tasmanian1934

mutton-bird eater1941

Top-Ender1941

Kanakalander1945

1896 H. Lawson Let. 3 Sept. (1970) 62 W[estern] A[ustralia] is a fraud... The old Sand-gropers are the best to work for or have dealings with.

1902 J. H. M. Abbott Tommy Cornstalk i In delicate reference to the nature of their country the West Australians are [called] ‘Sand-gropers’.

1934 T. Wood Cobbers 144 So let this mob of Cornstalks, Croweaters, Sandgropers, and Bananalanders go on yapping, say Victorians.

1946 K. S. Prichard Roaring Nineties 214 ‘I'm a sand-groper,’ she snapped... ‘Don't know anything about London or Paris.’

1974 Sunday Tel. (Austral.) 30 June Mining millionaire Lang Hancock has a sizeable number of sandgropers prepared to support his view that Western Australia should be detached from the rest of the nation.

sand-grown adj. designating a native of Blackpool.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > English nation > [adjective] > of other towns

Yarmouthian1614

Novocastrian1873

sand-grown1969

1969 Listener 6 Mar. 300/1 Natives of Blackpool are called sand-grown men.

1972 New Society 16 Nov. 394/2 The ‘sand-grown-'uns’ (the Blackpool-born).

sand-happy adj. (see happy adj. and n. Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > shell-shock, etc.

shell-shocked1915

flak-happy1938

bomb-happy1943

rock happy1943

sand-happy1943

bushed1952

1943 Fortune Dec. 268 A British Tommy on the North African desert..may have gone..‘sand happy’.

1944 J. Gunther D Day 129 Many are what the officers call ‘sand-happy’; this is a phrase almost equivalent to punch-drunk, except that it does not mean lack of fighting instinct.

1961 Times 14 Sept. 15/2 Captain Scott, weathered, expatriate, sand-happy.

sand-hog n. U.S. a man who works underground, as in a caisson or in foundation-work; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in specific place > [noun] > underground

sand-hog1903

1903 Cent. Mag. Nov. 43/1 The tunnel workers, or ‘Sand Hogs’, enter the lower chambers of the shield.

1904 N.Y. Evening Post 11 Jan. 3 The men who are employed as ‘sandhogs’ or excavators in the caisson for the new Manhattan Bridge.

1907 Sci. Amer. 23 Mar. 250/1 Pressure-men, that remarkable class of men who make it their business to work in compressed air, and who are commonly known as ‘sand-hogs’.

1940 R. Chandler Farewell, my Lovely xiii. 98 He just got through working as a sandhog on the San Jack tunnel.

1965 National Observer (U.S.) 13 Dec. 12/1 Those who view Mr. Sweeney and his Appalachian Commission associates as ‘sandhogs’ are the other poverty operations.

1977 N. Hynd Sandler Inquiry xvii. 130 George McAdam was a ‘sandhog’.

1977 N. Hynd Sandler Inquiry xvii. 131 The sandhogs were the British agents in oil intelligence.

sand-hole n. (a) a small hole or flaw in a casting, also in glass or stone; (b) a water-hole in sand; (c) a hole in sand.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections > cavities in casting

blowhole1691

sand-hole1691

air bladder1803

air hole1813

pipe1861

pinhole1906

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > marks or imperfections in

thread1593

streak1807

seed1821

stripe1823

bull's-eye1832

stria1832

tear1832

bullion1834

wreath1839

sand-hole1867

bullion-point1881

pontil mark1923

oil spot1962

saliva1969

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > flaw in stone

sand-hole1887

sand vent1887

the world > the earth > water > body of water > place where animals obtain water > [noun] > water-hole

pitOE

watering1564

watering place1570

waterhole1653

sand-hole1897

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > other types of hole

posthole1703

dump1788

bladder-hole1789

moss-hag1790

money pit1820

butt-hole1897

sand-hole1897

scratch hole1923

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 96 Certain defects in Cast~lead..called by the Plumber Blow-holes and Sand-holes.

1867 G. F. Chambers Descr. Astron. vii. i. 615 Air bubbles, striae, sandholes,..of course,..are bad [in an object glass].

1887 [see sand vent n.].

1897 R. S. S. Baden-Powell Matabele Campaign xiii. 333 While they scoop the muddy water from the sand-hole for their tea.

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 457/1 Golf may be played..where the..whins, sand-holes and banks, supply the conditions which are essential to the proper pursuit of the game.

1910 W. de la Mare Three Mulla-mulgars xx. 267 Home he goes to his leaf-thatched huddle or sand-hole.

1935 W. Empson Poems 22 By jackal sandhole to your air flung wide.

sand-iron n. (a) see quot. 1796; (b) Golf an ‘iron’ adapted for lifting the ball out of sand.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [noun] > club > types of club

play club1685

putting club1690

gentlemen's club1709

putter1783

spoon1790

iron1793

sand-iron1796

whip-club1808

cleek1829

driving putter1833

bunker-iron1857

driver1857

niblick1857

putting iron1857

baffing-spoon1858

mid-spoon1858

short spoon1858

sand-club1873

three-wood1875

long iron1877

driving cleek1881

mashie1881

putting cleek1881

track-iron1883

driving iron1887

lofting-iron1887

baffy1888

brassy1888

bulger1889

lofter1889

lofter1892

jigger1893

driving mashie1894

mid-iron1897

mashie-niblick1907

wood1915

pinsplitter1916

chipper1921

blaster1937

sand-wedge1937

wedge1937

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 464 Jared Eliot..invented sand-iron, or the making of iron from black sand, in 1761.

1862 R. Chambers Few Rambling Remarks Golf 18 The faces..of the spoons, sand-iron, and niblick are hollowed or ‘spooned’.

1881 R. Forgan Golfer's Handbk. 28 He should..firmly grasp his weapon (Niblick or Sand-Iron).

sand-jet n. (a) = sand-blast n. 1; (b) a jet of sand from the sandbox of a locomotive.

ΚΠ

1871 Jrnl. Franklin Iust. Sept. 155 The blocks [for engraving] are protected with an open design..and the steam sand jet directed upon them.

1900 Daily Express 19 June 5/7 The switching-on of the sandjets [of a train].

sand-joint n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Joint, the parting or joint between the different portions of the sand of a foundry mould.

sand key n. [key n.²] U.S. = sand cay n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > island > [noun] > small

aiteOE

islec1290

inchc1425

isleta1552

isolet1613

insulet1622

motu1770

sand key1775

islot1790

oe1810

illaun1882

sand cay1934

1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. p. xli We found ourselves surrounded by three very small low sand keys (full of prickly pears).

1829 in Amer. State Papers: Naval Affairs (U.S. Congress) (1861) IV. 968 An effort is now making to form a naval establishment on the insulated cluster of sand keys called the Dry Tortugas.

1837 J. L. Williams Territory of Florida 23 Anclote Sound is sheltered on the west, by Anclote, Jacs and Sand Keys.

1880 G. W. Cable Grandissimes v. 34 A beautiful land of low, evergreen hills..[looked] out across the pine-covered sand-keys of Mississippi Sound.

1930 J. F. Dobie Coronado's Children xviii. 308 They landed the Laffites on a barren sand key with just enough provisions to keep them alive a few days.

1937 Geogr. Jrnl. 89 143 The reefs which bear a sand-key, and on which there is no sub-aerial accumulation of coral-shingle, have a least depth of water of 3 feet.

sand-letter n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > large

large print1672

sand-letter1843

1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 456/1 Large letters..were formerly cast in sand-moulds, and hence called sand-letters.

sand-lime n. used attributively to denote a type of brick made by baking sand with a proportion of slaked lime under pressure.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [adjective] > type of brick

sun-dried1600

housing1703

shuffy1850

Fletton1908

sand-lime1910

1910 Encycl. Brit. IV. 521/1 The so-called sand-lime bricks are now made on a very extensive scale in many countries.

1933 Archit. Rev. 74 225/2 (caption) The whole of the internal walls are faced with cream sand-lime bricks.

1966 W. G. Nash Brickwork I. i. 30 There are four classes of sand-lime bricks.

Categories »

sand-lug n. U.S. a low grade of tobacco, manufactured from leaves that grow near the ground ( Funk's Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. 1895).

† sand-mail n. Obsolete ? = sand-gavel n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of taking minerals

sand-mail1287

lot-leada1483

lot1630

cope1631

sand-gavel1663

lordship1767

gale1775

tribute1778

royalty1839

groundage1852

seignioragea1859

galeage1881

1287 Yorksh. Inquisitions (Yks. Rec. Soc.) II. 61 Sondemale, 10d. at Easter and Michaelmas.

sandman n. one who digs sand; also, in nursery language, a personification of sleep or sleepiness (cf. German sandmann, -männchen, and dustman n. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [noun] > sleep personified

sleep1390

dustman1821

sandman1821

sandboy1873

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who digs sand

sandman1821

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 116 The sand-man's delving spade.

1861 A. Wehnert tr. H. C. Andersen Tales 237 Of an evening, as soon as it begins to grow dark,..the Sandman comes.

sand mortar n. (see quot. 1775).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [noun] > other kinds of cement or mortar

maltha?1440

testacyec1440

putty1472

tarras1612

natural cement1753

Roman cement1768

sand mortar1775

Roman cement1800

Parker's cement1811

mastic cement1815

gauge-stuff1823

Portland cement1824

putty cement1825

rust cement1830

matrix1838

terro-cement1838

rust1839

swish1863

Coaguline1868

albolith1870

dagga1878

mastic1881

tripolith1882

grappier1897

pozzolana cement1905

Ciment Fondu1924

snowcrete1928

soil-cement1936

1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Sandmortar, mortar in which sand is a principal ingredient.

sand-mould n. a mould for a casting, composed of sand.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > sand-moulding equipment

box1813

sandbox1833

sand-mould1843

pig bed1850

turnover board1888

sand-slinger1928

1843 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. I. 325 Plaster of Paris and sand moulds.

sand-moulder n.

ΚΠ

1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 55 There is hardly a single article..in wrought-iron the like of which the ingenuity of the sand-moulder cannot produce in cast metal.

sand-moulding n. a process of moulding bricks in which the moulds are sprinkled with sand.

ΚΠ

1843 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 2 ii. 147 The process was a kind of intermediate one between slop and sand-moulding.

sand-painting n. the technique used esp. by the Navajo Indians of painting with coloured sands; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to medium or technique > [noun] > others by medium or technique

velvet-painting1809

Poona work1816

Poona painting1817

Poona1821

lithochromy1837

rock painting1852

mural painting1879

splatter-work1897

sand-painting1902

scroll painting1911

dot painting1932

texturology1959

1902 W. Hough in Rep. U.S. Nat. Museum 1900 467 The ceremonial sand painting of the Hopi and Navajo, where the most beautiful effects are secured by allowing sand in slender streams of different colors to fall from the hand guiding it over the surface to form designs.

1908 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics I. 826/2 The sand-paintings..may be regarded as actual pictorial prayers.

1963 G. S. Maxwell Navajo Rugs (1973) iii. 47 Sandpainting rugs are woven copies of actual sandpaintings.

1978 T. Hillerman Listening Woman i. 3 Tell me more about how these sand paintings got messed up.

sand-picture n. a picture formed by laying coloured sands on an adhesive ground (Ogilvie 1882); also more gen., a design made in sand.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to medium or technique > [noun] > others by medium or technique > work

transparency1785

rock painting1852

dot painting1932

sand-picture1957

1957 J. Kirkup Only Child xiv. 188 There was a man who made wonderful sculptures in the damp sand... Once,..he made a low-relief sand-picture of the Shields Town Hall.

1970 G. Savage Dict. Antiques 369/2 Apart from the work of Zobel, sand-pictures are rarely signed, and must be identified from their characteristics.

1975 Times 6 Dec. 11/5 A collection of sand pictures, mostly made in the Isle of Wight.

sand pie n. wet sand formed by a child into the shape of a pie.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > mud-pie or sandcastle

dirt-piea1642

mud-pie1788

sand pie1833

sandcastle1854

1833 C. F. Hoffman Let. 6 Dec. in Winter in West (1835) I. 148 A bevy of rosy little girls..were making ‘sand pies’ on the bank of the river.

1980 M. Drabble Middle Ground 181 Girls in a concrete playground, making sand pies.

sand-pillar n. = sand-spout n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-spout or sand-spout

whirl-spout1737

devil1813

sand-spouta1849

sand-pillar1879

dust-devil1888

sand-devil1901

whirly-whirly1928

sand-smoke1930

1879 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Sand-pillar, a sand-storm in desert tracts, like those of the Sahara and Mongolia.

sand-pipe n. (a) Geology (see quot. 1839); (b) a pipe conducting sand to the rails from the sandbox of a locomotive.

ΚΠ

1839 C. Lyell in London & Edinb. Philos. Mag. 15 257 On the tubular Cavities filled with Gravel and Sand called ‘Sand-pipes’, in the Chalk near Norwich.

1905 Daily Chron. 15 Dec. 5/5 The sand-pipes which are fixed in front of the wheels of the engine.

sand-plain n. a sandy plain; spec. in Geology, a flat-topped hill of peculiar structure formed as a delta at the margin of a Pleistocene ice sheet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > flat-topped

sand-plain1818

the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain > types of

sand-flat1773

alluvial plain1803

sand-plain1818

sandveld1824

tundra1841

bench-land1845

salt flat1873

panfan1915

panplain1933

pediplain1935

soda plain1946

1818 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 2) ii. 291 On the sand plains, at the foot of Pine-rock, in New-Haven, a [juniper] root..often sends off shoots.

1903 Westm. Gaz. 18 Sept. 4/2 The sand-plains of Berlin.

sand plant n. = sand-binder n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > that grows in (and binds) sand

sand plant1849

sand-binder1887

psammophile1888

psammophyte1903

1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §1139 Sand plants; as Carex arenaria, Ammophila arenaria [etc.] which tend to fix the loose sand.

sand-plate n. (a) = sanding plate n. at sanding n. Compounds 2 (Funk's Stand. Dict.); (b) a contrivance for facilitating the transporting of a life-boat over sand.

ΚΠ

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 232/2 [article Life-boat] Sand-plates.

† sand-plot n. Obsolete (a) = arena n.; (b) a patch of sand.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > [noun] > place for public shows > amphitheatre > arena

sand1587

sand-plot1619

arena1627

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. (1636) 267 The first field and Sand-plot of civill Warre was Italy.

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 163 The Bottom very foul, being Riffs of Coral Rocks, interspersed with small Sand-plots.

sand plug n. (see quot. 1888).

ΚΠ

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. at Plug A sand plug..is..the ball of sand..with which the riser of a mould is covered while the metal is being poured at the ingate.

† sand-poke n. Obsolete a sand-bag.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun] > sack > for other specific contents

sand-poke1415

hopsack1481

coal sack1574

hop-bag1604

sugar-bag1764

nutsack1842

bale-sack1883

sugar sack1891

1415–16 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 612 Item in 2 uln. di. de canvas empt. pro 1 Sandpoke, 10d.

1421–2 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 228 Pro sandepokes.

sand-pot n. †(a) an iron pot used with the sand-furnace; (b) dialect a quicksand.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels

crossletc1386

testc1386

cruciblea1475

spoon1496

melting pot1545

cruset1558

fining pot1560

hooker1594

cupel1605

crusoile1613

crisol1622

melt pot1637

muffle1644

crevet1658

coffin1686

sand-pot1758

Hessian crucible1807

pan1839

shank1843

casting-pot1846

king pot1862

converter1867

washpot1879

1758 Elaboratory 15 Procure a proper sand-pot, and large plate for forming the sand-bath.

1877 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire Sand Pot, a quicksand. Often met with in draining.

sand-pump n. a pump for raising wet sand, detritus, etc., from a drill-hole, oil-well, caisson, etc.; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > other types of pump

bottom lift1778

rose pump1778

centrifugal pump1789

jack-heada1792

jet pump1850

sand-pump1865

Union pump1867

shell-pump1875

eductor1877

brake-pump1881

bull-pump1881

cam-pumpa1884

sand-reel1883

grasshopper1884

knapsack pump1894

knapsack sprayer1897

turbo-pump1903

Sylphon1906

slush pump1913

displacement pump1924

power pack1937

proportioner1945

solids pump1957

peristaltic pump1958

powerhead1981

Cornish pump-

1865 Harper's Mag. Apr. 573/2 A sand-pump is a metal case from five to ten feet in length, constructed with a valve at the bottom.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 172 Sand-pump, a cylinder with a valve at the bottom, lowered into a drill-hole from time to time, to take out the accumulated slime resulting from the action of the drill on the rock.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 530/2 Sand-pump dredgers.

sand-red adj. of a sandy red colour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > brownish-red

rustya1398

hepaticc1420

horseflesh1530

rubiginousa1538

iron1587

bricky1615

ferrugineous1633

sand-reda1639

brickish1648

ferruginous1656

lateritious1656

brick-coloured1675

blood bay1684

testaceous1688

rust-coloureda1691

brick-red1740

brick-dust-like1765

maroon1771

rufous1782

brick-dusty1817

rusted1818

worm red1831

brownish-red1832

brown-red1835

foxy1850

rust1854

henna-coloured1865

chestnut-red1882

terra-cotta1882

copper-red1883

fox-red1910

oxblood1918

tony1921

henna-brown1931

henna-red2002

a1639 H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 524 She trips to milk the Sand-red Cow.

sand-reel n. (see quot. 1883).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > other types of pump

bottom lift1778

rose pump1778

centrifugal pump1789

jack-heada1792

jet pump1850

sand-pump1865

Union pump1867

shell-pump1875

eductor1877

brake-pump1881

bull-pump1881

cam-pumpa1884

sand-reel1883

grasshopper1884

knapsack pump1894

knapsack sprayer1897

turbo-pump1903

Sylphon1906

slush pump1913

displacement pump1924

power pack1937

proportioner1945

solids pump1957

peristaltic pump1958

powerhead1981

Cornish pump-

1883 Cent. Mag. July 329/2 The sand-reel..serves to lower or raise the sand-pump.

sand ripple n. one of a series of small parallel ridges or undulations in the surface of sand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > undulation > sand-wave

sand wave1820

sand ripple1879

megaripple1953

1879 T. D. Forsyth in E. D. Morgan tr. N. M. Prejevalsky From Kulja to Lob-Nor 27 The upheaval of the Gobi..causes an entirely independent direction of profile..to that of the sand-ripples which cover it.

1897 Geogr. Jrnl. 9 279 The uniformity of the wind-ripple pattern is at all times remarkable. In water-formed sand-ripples no such uniformity has been recorded.

1941 R. A. Bagnold Physics of Blown Sand & Desert Dunes xi. 144 A sand ripple is merely a crumpling or heaping up of the surface, brought about by wind action, and cannot be regarded as a true wave in a strict dynamical sense.

1960 B. W. Sparks Geomorphol. xi. 248 The formation of sand ripples is closely connected with the process of saltation.

sand-rock n. a sandstone rock.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > a sandstone rock

sand-rock1798

1798 C. Smith Young Philosopher IV. 276 They took the way above the excavation of sand-rock where I sat.

1872 J. D. Dana Corals & Coral Islands ii. 155 These sand-banks..become cemented into a sand-rock.

sand-scratch n. (see quot. 1871).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mark on feature or surface > [noun]

seamc1330

footprint1552

stringa1728

wrinklea1807

ripple mark1831

ripple1838

grooving1846

wave-mark1863

sand-scratch1871

chatter-mark1888

cross-colouring1901

wave-marking1903

1871 J. Stormonth Etymol. & Pronouncing Dict. Sand-scratches, in geol., rocks or rock-surfaces worn smooth, or marked with scratches and furrows, by sand carried by the wind passing over them.

sand shadow n. an accumulation of sand to the lee of an obstruction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > deposited by water, ice, or wind > [noun] > wind-blown

drifta1400

wave1789

sand glacier1875

lunette1940

sand shadow1941

1941 R. A. Bagnold Physics of Blown Sand & Desert Dunes xiii. 188 Deposits caused directly by fixed obstructions in the path of the sand-driving wind... These sand shadows and sand drifts are dependent for their continued existence on the presence of the obstacle.

1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xiii. 184/2 Left behind protecting shells or pebbles are elongate mounds of sand (‘sand-shadows’) which give the beach a distinctive appearance.

sand-shoes n. shoes adapted for wearing on the sands or at the seaside, spec. canvas shoes with gutta-percha or hemp soles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > made from specific material > canvas

sand-shoes1858

boat shoe1865

deck shoe1879

plimsoll1885

tennis shoe1887

sneaker1895

pump1897

tackiec1902

Ked1917

puss shoe1938

puss boot1942

runner1970

1858 C. Patmore Espousals xii, in Angel in House (ed. 2) II. 295 While the shop-girl fitted on The sand-shoes.

1916 J. B. Cooper Coo-oo-ee xvi. 235 In the circumscribed space of the vessel, the men, clad in their blue dungarees, wearing white sand-shoes, prepared themselves for their future battles.

1931 V. Woolf Waves 22 Those are Louis' neat sand-shoes firmly printing the gravel.

1948 J. Betjeman Sel. Poems 79 Don't empty children's sand-shoes in the hall.

1965 S. T. Ollivier Petticoat Farm vii. 96 Rather than walk the dusty road in their freshly cleaned sparkling white sandshoes the girls took a short cut across the paddocks.

1979 Guardian 23 May 31/4 The sand shoe and school sandal look which was justifiably popular last summer.

sand-shot n. (see quot. 1867).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shot collectively > shot > of large guns

fricasseec1575

murdering shot1583

chain-shota1586

crossbar1589

cross-bar shot1591

case shot1599

langrel1627

trundle-shot1627

partridge1635

chain-bullet1636

pelican1639

case1642

spike-shota1661

double-head1678

double-headed shot1678

partridge-shot1683

grape1687

burrel-shot1706

double1707

angel-shot1730

grapeshot1747

star shot1753

bar-shot1756

langrage1769

canister1801

stang-ball1802

chain1804

canister-shot1809

tier-shot1828

pot-leg1852

six-pounder1855

shunt shot1864

sand-shot1867

mitraille1868

1867 W. T. Brande & G. W. Cox Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art (new ed.) III. 340/2 Sand Shot, in Artillery, small cast-iron balls; so called because they have always been cast in sand.

sand-slinger n. Founding (see quot. 1948).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > sand-moulding equipment

box1813

sandbox1833

sand-mould1843

pig bed1850

turnover board1888

sand-slinger1928

1928 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 117 805 Stripping machines are mounted on turntables, which bring the flasks within range of a sand-slinger, and then delivers them to the mould conveyor.

1948 J. E. Garside in H. W. Baker Mod. Workshop Technol. I. iii. 65 For the ramming of sand moulds, a machine known as the ‘sand slinger’ is often used. It ejects a stream of sand vertically downwards at a high speed, so that the sand is rammed by impact with the pattern.

sand-smoke n. a whirlwind or sandstorm.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-spout or sand-spout

whirl-spout1737

devil1813

sand-spouta1849

sand-pillar1879

dust-devil1888

sand-devil1901

whirly-whirly1928

sand-smoke1930

1930 T. S. Eliot tr. ‘St.-J. Perse’ Anabasis 49 These sandsmokes that rise over dead river courses.

sand-soap n. = sand-ball n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > type of soap > specific

hard soap?a1425

oatmeal soapa1525

spatarent soap1526

Castile soap1631

Naples soapa1739

yellow soap1762

honey soap1772

curd soap1780

primrose soap1796

palm soap1821

Gallipoli soap1822

Windsor soap1822

Windsor1836

Venice soap1842

scum-soap1852

sand-soap1855

lime soap1857

marine soap1857

sassafras soap1860

carbolic soap1863

sulphur soap1894

opopanax soap1897

primrose1899

rock1903

carbolic1907

Crazy Foam1965

1855 G. W. S. Piesse Art of Perfumery viii. 166 Sand Soap.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 931 Salicylic acid..followed by friction with pumice-stone or sand-soap, will [etc.].

sand-spout n. a pillar of sand raised by a whirlwind in a desert.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-spout or sand-spout

whirl-spout1737

devil1813

sand-spouta1849

sand-pillar1879

dust-devil1888

sand-devil1901

whirly-whirly1928

sand-smoke1930

a1849 J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 264 A sandspout out of that sandy ocean, upcurls.

1884 J. Colborne With Hicks Pasha in Soudan 176 The sand-spouts, so frequent in these regions.

sand-stock n. (also sand-stock brick) (see quot. 1843¹).

ΚΠ

1843 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 2 ii. 145 The mould is dipped into water previous to its receiving the clay, instead of its being sanded as is the case in making sandstock bricks.

1843 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 2 ii. 146 Sand-stock and slop-moulding.

1956 Archit. Rev. 119 257/2 Leicestershire sandstock bricks are used in the panel on the west elevation.

1973 Parade (Austral.) Oct. 28/3 ‘Sandstock’ (handmade) bricks were made from clay in the valley.

sandstorm n. a desert storm of wind accompanied with clouds of sand; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm

sandstorm1774

dust-storm1879

shaitan1883

shower1898

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 363 The sand-storm of Africa, exhibits a very different appearance.

1928 H. Crane Let. 27 Apr. (1965) 325 Efforts for a foothold in this sand~storm [sc. Hollywood] are still avid.

1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 139 We missed the old..weather... Missed our blinding sandstorms even.

1978 A. Ritchie & G. Ritchie Anc. Monuments Orkney 43 The people who were forced to abandon their homes in the final sandstorm had been using essentially the same sort of pottery vessels as their ancestors who founded the settlement.

sand-strake n. = garboard n. (see quot. 1820).

ΚΠ

1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 448 (note) Garboard-strake, or sand~strake, is the first range of strakes or planks laid..next the keel.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk.

sand-sugar n. = lactose n.

ΚΠ

1904 A. J. Walker tr. A. F. Holleman Lab. Man. Org. Chem. 38 The taste of lactose is not so sweet as that of sucrose, and in the mouth it resembles sand, hence the name sand-sugar.

sand-table n. (a) a sand-covered surface on which letters or designs can be drawn and erased or models placed and removed; (b) = sand-trap n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > strainer

sand-table1812

knotter1875

sieve-plate1891

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > [noun] > on a surface > types of

picture card1707

sand-table1812

inset1881

shadowgraph1886

shadow-picture1889

sand-tray1893

cutout1905

standee1930

punch-out1934

pictograph1937

society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > other materials for writing on > [noun]

sand-table1812

ostracon1853

writing bed1891

sand-tray1893

1812 N. J. Hollingsworth Address Madras Syst. Educ. p. ix To the finger and sand-table may succeed the pencil and slate.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XX. 728/2 To get rid of them [sc. impurities] the esparto pulp when washed and bleached is run from the potcher into storage chests, from which it is pumped over a long, narrow serpentine settling table or ‘sand-table’.

1928 Daily Tel. 7 Aug. 4/4 A thorough groundwork of tactical knowledge has been formed by sand-table and week-end schemes during the winter.

1955 F. G. Patton Good Morning, Miss Dove 13 One group..modelled clay caribou for the sand table.

1963 R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking ii. 67 With rifflers and sand tables the stock is passed at approximately 0·5% consistency along narrow channels.

1969 E. H. Pinto Treen 423 The sand table is a very ancient device and may be referred to by Isaiah ‘Now go write it before them in a table’.

1971 J. Wainwright Last Buccaneer ii. 243 ‘What..is a sand-table?’..‘It's usually a tray, filled with sand. The army uses them. It's possible to mould the sand into the contours of geographic locations for demonstrating military tactics.’

sand-tell box n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1894 J. N. Maskelyne ‘Sharps & Flats’ 194 The sand-tell box is so called because it is used in conjunction with prepared cards, which have been ‘sanded’ or roughened on one side, or both sides... The cards which are intended to ‘tell’ are left smooth on their faces; all the others are slightly roughened on both sides.

sand-tray n. (a) = sand-table n. (a); (b) = sandbox n. 2e.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > [noun] > on a surface > types of

picture card1707

sand-table1812

inset1881

shadowgraph1886

shadow-picture1889

sand-tray1893

cutout1905

standee1930

punch-out1934

pictograph1937

society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > other materials for writing on > [noun]

sand-table1812

ostracon1853

writing bed1891

sand-tray1893

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [noun] > cattery or cat-house > sand-box

sand-tray1893

tray1938

sandbox1967

1817 A. Bell Instr. Conduct. Schools ii. i. 68 For writing on sand, smooth and level (trays or) boards, ten inches wide, with ledges on every side of an inch deep..are prepared.]

1893 Notes & Queries 25 Mar. 233/1 Economy being a great feature in the plan, the sand trays..were adopted. A full account of the system was published by the S.P.C.K. in 1840.

1968 Guardian 23 Aug. 7/6 A livid deputation approached me, waving the kitten's sand-tray.

1972 Country Life 6 Jan. 31/2 I was also interested in the 19th-century sand tray or abacus in the north aisle. This was used for teaching children to write with a wooden stick on the sand.

sand-tube n. (a) Geology (see quot. 1841); (b) Zoology = sand-canal n.; also, a protective tube of agglutinated sand formed by some annelids; (c) Mechanics a conductor for sand.

ΚΠ

1814 Trans. Geol. Soc. 2 532 Sand Tubes.

1841 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 276 (note) What are termed sand-tubes appear to be formed by the passage of lightning through a sandy soil which it fuses in its passage.

1857 P. H. Gosse Omphalos 202 Implements by which the sand-tube [of a Terebella] is thus built up.

1871 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 195 An annular passage surrounding the sand tube.

1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 67/2 Large coherent masses of coarse gravel and sand-tubes are formed..by Sabellaria.

sand valve n.

ΚΠ

1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Valve, the valve by which the escape of sand from the sand box of a locomotive is regulated.

sand vent n. (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > flaw in stone

sand-hole1887

sand vent1887

1887 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Sandhole in stone; also called a sand vent. A deposit of sand in a block of stone.

† sand-walker n. dialect Obsolete ? one employed in shrimping or other similar work on the sands.

ΚΠ

1637–8 Maldon (Essex) Borough Deeds (Bundle 149, No. 3) Warne all..ferrymen, marshmen, and sandwalkers within your townshippe..to be and appeare before our..vice-admirall.

sand-warped adj. swept by the tide on to a sandbank; also, ‘silted up, or choked with sand’ ( Whitby Gloss., 1876).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > [adjective] > accidentally aground

gravelled1611

sand-warpeda1661

stranded1703

beached1871

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cambr. 159 Crossing Humber in a Barrow-boat, the same was sand-warpt, and he drowned therein.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Sand-warpt, left by the tide on a shoal. Also, striking on a shoal at half-flood.

sand-wash n. U.S. a sloping surface of sand spread out by an intermittent stream.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > deposited by water, ice, or wind > [noun] > by water

roddon1857

platform-mud1863

cone1864

fan1864

levee1870

alluvial fan1873

apron1889

sand-wash1901

scroll1902

spillbank1909

sheet-flow1928

point bar1945

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > sandy

sand-wash1901

slip face1941

1901 Science 4 Jan. 38/1 From this point the party worked down the sandwash of Rio San Ignacio (or Rio Altar) to the coast of the Gulf of California, where the Tepoka Indians lived until recently.

1937 Discovery Jan. 24/1 The sand~washes surrounding the wells in the Gobi.

1948 Sierra Club, S. Calif. Chapter, Schedule No. 129. 69 The campsite will be in the sand wash at the mouth of the Fan Hill Canyon.

sand wave n. a wave-like formation in sand; spec. in Physical Geography, an undulation similar to a megaripple but on a larger scale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > undulation > sand-wave

sand wave1820

sand ripple1879

megaripple1953

1820 J. Keats Ode on Melancholy in Lamia & Other Poems 141 Then glut thy sorrow on..the rainbow of the salt sand-wave.

1899 Geogr. Jrnl. 13 624 The sand-waves which corrugate the beds of streams and rivers.

1902 ‘M. Twain’ in Harper's Mag. Jan. 269/2 He started on a run, racing in and out among the sage-bushes a matter of three hundred yards, and disappeared over a sand-wave.

1917 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 28 915 Cross~bedding..probably represents in many instances one phase of a phenomenon called sand waves, which are nothing more than current-made ripple-mark[s] of mammoth proportions... The crests are often 15 to 35 feet apart and rise from 2 to 3 feet above the troughs.

1939 W. H. Twenhofel Princ. Sedimentation vi. 190 The sand waves or antidunes move up-current as the individual sands move down-current.

1978 Nature 14 Sept. 101/2 Sandwaves are the largest scale of bedform.., with average heights and wavelengths markedly larger than those of megaripples.

sand-wedge n. = sand-iron n. (b).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [noun] > club > types of club

play club1685

putting club1690

gentlemen's club1709

putter1783

spoon1790

iron1793

sand-iron1796

whip-club1808

cleek1829

driving putter1833

bunker-iron1857

driver1857

niblick1857

putting iron1857

baffing-spoon1858

mid-spoon1858

short spoon1858

sand-club1873

three-wood1875

long iron1877

driving cleek1881

mashie1881

putting cleek1881

track-iron1883

driving iron1887

lofting-iron1887

baffy1888

brassy1888

bulger1889

lofter1889

lofter1892

jigger1893

driving mashie1894

mid-iron1897

mashie-niblick1907

wood1915

pinsplitter1916

chipper1921

blaster1937

sand-wedge1937

wedge1937

1937 H. Longhurst Golf i. xxii. 196 No chapter on bunker play would be complete without a description of..the..sand wedge.

1952 Chambers's Jrnl. May 298/1 I couldn't use a sand-wedge in a bunker because I hadn't the strength to swing it.

1971 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird xv. 215 Wallace Brady..landed in the long, pale trap in front of the green and stayed there doing explosive shots with a sand-wedge.

sandweld v. (transitive) to weld (iron) with sand, which forms a fluid slag on the welding-surface ( Cent. Dict.).

sand-whirl n. a whirlwind whose vortex is filled with dust and sand ( Cent. Dict.).

sand-wind n. = sand-cloud.

ΚΠ

1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 703/1 In the spring and summer..hot sand-winds sometimes blow from the south, greatly raising the temperature.

b. In the names of animals, etc. Also sand-eel n., sandfly n., sand-grouse n., sand lark n., sandpiper n., etc.

sand asp n. ? = sand lizard n.

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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Lacertidae > genus Lacerta > lacerta agilis (sand-lizard)

sand asp1833

sand lizard1855

1833 S. T. Coleridge Love's Apparition A ruined well, Where the shy sand-asps bask and swell.

sand-badger n. (a) a Javanese badger, Meles ankuma; (b) the Indian badger, Arctonyx collaris, also called sand bear n.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Meles (badger)

brockc1000

bausona1375

greyc1425

das1481

badger?1523

taxus1535

barrow1552

pate1628

sand-badger1873

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Arctonyx (sand-badger)

sand-badger1873

sand bear1883

hog badger1962

1873 Proc. Zool. Soc. 761 Two Sand-badgers (Meles ankuma..), presented.

1894 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. II. 89 The sand-badger..(Arctonyx collaris).

sand bear n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Arctonyx (sand-badger)

sand-badger1873

sand bear1883

hog badger1962

1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 440/1 The best-known species is Arctonyx collaris, the Sand-Bear.

sand-beetle n. (see quot. 1854).

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Lamellicornia Scarabaeoidea > family Scarabaeidae > member of subfamily Trogidae

skin beetle1842

sand-beetle1854

1854 A. Adams et al. Man. Nat. Hist. 188 Sand-Beetles (Trogidæ).

sand bird n. a bird whose habitat is the seashore, esp. the sandpiper n.

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the world > animals > birds > defined by habitat > [noun] > that frequents shore

shore-bird1676

sand bird1709

beach-bird1837

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of

sandpiper1674

stone-runner1681

sand bird1709

piper1793

tattler1831

water junket1833

tip-up1848

kitty-needy1850

weet-weet1852

peep1864

sand-runner1894

1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 151 The Sand-Birds are about the Bigness of a Lark, and frequent our Sand-Beaches.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 213 Sand birds, Tringa parva.

1878 in G. P. Lathrop Masque of Poets 51 Far off some sand-bird pipes its evening song.

1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. I. 234 White-rumped Sandpiper..Sand-bird.

sand boa n. a snake of the genus Eryx, found in north and east Africa and south and east Asia.

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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Boidae (boas) > member of genus Eryx (sand boa)

sand-viper1668

sand-snake1753

sand boa1910

1910 R. L. Ditmars Reptiles of World iv. 233 The Sand Boas, Eryx, are degenerate burrowing species,..with a flat body, very stumpy tail, a small head,..and tiny eyes.

1970 E. Afr. Standard (Nairobi) 23 Jan. 6/4 These [snakes] include..a sand boa and two boa constrictors.

sand-bug n. (a) a member of the family Galgulidæ; (b) North American a sand-wasp, Ammophila arenaria (Ogilvie 1855); (c) a burrowing crab, Hippa talpoida.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of family Hippidae

sand-bug1854

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > miscellaneous types > member of family Galgulidae

sand-bug1854

toad-bug1902

1854 A. Adams et al. Man. Nat. Hist. 242 Sand-Bugs (Galgulidæ).

1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 779 The Sand Bug—Hippa talpoida, Say. This is..related to the Hermit Crabs.

sand-clam n. North American the common Long Clam, Mya arenaria.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Siphonida > sinu-pallialia > family Myacidae

fleming1603

clam1672

clamp1672

basket-shell1713

Mya1777

soft clam1800

smurlin1806

sand-clam1809

long clam1811

old maid1815

softshell clam1818

maninose1843

gaper1853

long neck1857

geoduck1881

bluenose1883

sand-gaper1887

mano1899

1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. II. xlvii. 144 Rich in fish and in sand-clams (sabella granulata).

sand cock n. the redshank.

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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Tringa > tringa totanus (red(-)shank)

redshank1525

redling1655

pool-snite1661

pool snipe1678

red-legged horseman1678

red-legged sandpiper1785

red-leg1798

sand cock1804

snipe1829

redshank gambet1840

teuk1859

yelper1892

1804 T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds II. 91 (heading) Redshank. Red-legged Horseman, Pool Snipe, or Sand Cock. (Scolopax Calidris, Lin.).

sand-collar n. = sand-saucer n. (Cent. Dict.).

sand crab n. (a) a crab of the family Ocypodidæ; (b) the Lady Crab, Platyonichus ocellatus. also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > member of Portunidae (lady-crab)

velvet crab1681

green crab1763

lady crab1844

sand crab1844

shore-crab1850

devil crab1871

partan1880

velvet fiddler crab1882

shuttle-crab1889

sook1950

muddy1953

fiddler1714

calling crab1832

lady crab1844

sand crab1844

sand fiddler1852

fighting crab1868

1844 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. vi. 6 This [sc. Platycarcinus irroratus] and the succeeding species [sc. P. sayi] are both designated by our fishermen as the Spotted Crab and Sand Crab.

a1851 J. G. Dalyell Powers of Creator (1853) II. 183 Cancer (portunus) pusillus.—The Sand Crab.

1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 642/1 The swift-footed sand-crabs (Ocypoda) are exclusively terrestrial.

1883 A. E. Sweet & J. A. Knox On Mexican Mustang 24 The calling of each other names, such as ‘sand-crabs’ and ‘mud-turtles’, is one of the harmless ways in which they ventilate their spleen.

1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 774 The ‘Lady Crab’, or ‘Sand Crab’ [Platyonichus ocellatus], is abundant..from Cape Cod to Florida.

1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xii. 199 The little cream sand-crabs swift as impatient foam.

1952 W. J. Dakin et al. Austral. Seashores xv. 190 The sand bubbler-crab... This little crab may be found..resting at the bottom of a vertical chimney-like burrow.

1955 V. Palmer Let Birds Fly 108 No, you ol' sandcrab, you don't know Charlie.

sand-creeper n. [? < Dutch *zandkruiper] a South African fish.

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the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]

whalec950

tumbrelc1300

sprout1340

squame1393

codmop1466

whitefish1482

lineshark?a1500

salen1508

glaucus1509

bretcock1522

warcodling1525

razor1530

bassinatc1540

goldeney1542

smy1552

maiden1555

grail1587

whiting1587

needle1589

pintle-fish1591

goldfish1598

puffin fish1598

quap1598

stork1600

black-tail1601

ellops1601

fork-fish1601

sea-grape1601

sea-lizard1601

sea-raven1601

barne1602

plosher1602

whale-mouse1607

bowman1610

catfish1620

hog1620

kettle-fish1630

sharpa1636

carda1641

housewifea1641

roucotea1641

ox-fisha1642

sea-serpent1646

croaker1651

alderling1655

butkin1655

shamefish1655

yard1655

sea-dart1664

sea-pelican1664

Negro1666

sea-parrot1666

sea-blewling1668

sea-stickling1668

skull-fish1668

whale's guide1668

sennet1671

barracuda1678

skate-bread1681

tuck-fish1681

swallowtail1683

piaba1686

pit-fish1686

sand-creeper1686

horned hog1702

soldier1704

sea-crowa1717

bran1720

grunter1726

calcops1727

bennet1731

bonefish1734

Negro fish1735

isinglass-fish1740

orb1740

gollin1747

smelt1776

night-walker1777

water monarch1785

hardhead1792

macaw-fish1792

yellowback1796

sea-raven1797

blueback1812

stumpnose1831

flat1847

butterfish1849

croppie1856

gubbahawn1857

silt1863

silt-snapper1863

mullet-head1866

sailor1883

hogback1893

skipper1898

stocker1904

1686 F. Willughby & J. Ray De Hist. Piscium App. 24 [Pisces Indici] Sand Creeper Belgis.

1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 203 There is a fish at the Cape call'd a Sand-Creeper, from its keeping near sandy shores.

sand-cricket n. U.S. a cricket belonging to the genus Stenopelmatus, esp. S. fasciatus.

ΚΠ

1884 Standard Nat. Hist. II. 185 Throughout the Rocky Mountain region..are found several species of large, fierce looking insects... They are popularly known as sand-crickets.

sand dab n. (a) either of two eastern North American flatfishes, the American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides, or the windowpane, Scophthalmus aquosus; (b) dialect = dab n.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > member of genus Hippoglossus (halibut)

halibutc1430

turbot1555

roughback1795

sand dab1839

witch1874

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Scophthalmidae (turbot) > genus or member of Scophthalmus > scophthalmus aquosus (sand dab)

sand dab1839

windowpane1873

daylight1880

1839 D. H. Storer in D. H. Storer & W. B. O. Peabody Rep. Fishes, Reptiles & Birds Mass. 143 Platessa dentata..known by the fishermen as the ‘Sand-dab’ in the Boston market.

1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 33 Of Yorkshire it [Pleuronectes limanda] is..abundant, and known as the ‘sand-dab’ at Redcar.

1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 197 The Sand Dab, or Rough Dab, Hippoglossoides platessoides..is taken in winter by the line fishermen of New England.

1903 T. H. Bean Fishes N.Y. 726 Sand Dab..is also known as the rusty dab.

1924 J. O. La Gorce Bk. Fishes 15/1 The Sand Dab, lying on the sand, has harmonizing blotches imprinted all over the upper part of its body.

1954 J. Steinbeck Sweet Thursday xxiv. 155 Joe Elegant ordered sand dabs for supper.

sand dart n. a moth, Agrotis ripæ.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Noctuidae > genus Agrotis (dart-moths) > agrotis ripae (sand dart)

sand dart1880

1880 O. S. Wilson Larvæ Brit. Lepidoptera 243 Agrotis ripæ, Hub. The Sand Dart.

sand-darter n. an etheostomine fish of the genus Ammocrypta, esp. A. pellucida (Cent. Dict.).

sand-diver n. a West Indian lizard fish, Synodus intermedius (Webster Suppl. 1902).

sand dollar n. a flattened, irregular sea urchin belonging to the order Clypeastroida.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > order Clypeastroidea > member of

sand dollar1884

sea-biscuit1949

pansy1954

1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 839 The ‘Sand Dollar’, or ‘Flat Sea Urchin’ (Echinarachnius parma), of the New England coast.

1884 Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 27. 123 The so-called ‘sand dollar’..inhabits the east coast.

1923 Notes & Queries 18 Aug. 133/1 The stone pies appear to be the fossilized remains of certain echinoderms kindred to the North American sand-dollar.

1962 D. Nichols Echinoderms v. 76 Among the gnathostomes the clypeasteroid sand-dollars achieve probably the greatest specialization, some, such as the Key-hole Urchin, Rotula, becoming remarkably flat and possessing holes through the test.

1969 R. Lowell Notebk. 1967–8 70 His face an azure sand-dollar on the pail of a child.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 6 Nov. 17- a/4 I stare down at the water-stained sand, hoping to find a sand dollar.

sand fiddler n. U.S. a small burrowing fiddler crab of the genus Uca.

ΘΚΠ

fiddler1714

calling crab1832

lady crab1844

sand crab1844

sand fiddler1852

fighting crab1868

1852 C. H. Wiley Life in South 30/1 Sand-fiddler,..the local name for a small animal of the shell-fish kind.

1973 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. lx. 1 The long beaches are left to the sun and the surf, the sand fiddlers, the gulls and the pelicans.

sand-fish n. (a) a fish of the family Trichodontidæ, esp. one of the genus Trichodon (Cent. Dict.); (b) a book-name for Diplectrum formosum; (c) South African = moggel n.; (d) South African the beaked salmon, Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Myctophiforms > [noun] > order Gonorhynchiformes > member of family Gonorhynchidae

sand-fish1896

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of > miscellaneous types of

niggerfish1876

sand-fish1896

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > member of genus Labeo (moggel)

moggel1838

sand-fish1896

1896 D. S. Jordan & B. W. Evermann Fishes N. & Middle Amer. (Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 47) i. 1207 Sand-fish.

1925 Ann. S. Afr. Mus. XXI. 125 Beaked Salmon or Sand Fish... Greyish brown above, silvery below.

1946 L. G. Green So Few are Free x. 135 The sandfish..migrates at spawning time.

1947 K. H. Barnard Pictorial Guide S. Afr. Fishes 52 The Sandfish or Moggel..has a more cylindrical body-shape... Its chief character is the mouth with its thick fleshy lips; these form a sucking disc.

1949 B. Vesey-Fitzgerald & F. Lamonte Game Fish of World v. 375 The sandfish, a species of Labeo characterised by the inferior position of the mouth, is another common inhabitant of this river system [sc. the Olifants river].

1953 J. L. B. Smith Sea Fishes S. Afr. 87 Sandfish or Beaked Salmon (Austral.).

sand flea n. (a) = chigoe n.; (b) U.S. a crustacean belonging to the genus Orchestia; (c) a brine-shrimp, Artemiasalina.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Siphonaptera or fleas > [noun] > pulex or sarcopsylla penetrans (chigoe)

nigua1555

chigoe1708

pique1748

red-buga1750

jigger flea1756

trigera1757

sand flea1796

tungua1815

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Entomostraca > order Phyllopoda > suborder Branchiopoda > member of genus Artemia

sand flea1796

sea monkey1973

1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam I. xiv. 352 The chigoe is a kind of small sand-flea, that gets in between the skin and the flesh.

1848 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms Sand-Flea, or Beach-Flea (Genus, Orchestia. Leach).

1884 E. Ingersoll in Harper's Mag. Aug. 391/2 You are surrounded by clouds of little sand~fleas (Artemia salina).

sand fluke n. dialect a flatfish, Pleuronectes microcephalus.

ΚΠ

a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1885) III. 319 The sand flooke, resemblinge the sole.

1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 29 Pleuronectes microcephalus... Sand-fleuk, Edinburgh.

sand-gaper n. = sand-clam n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Siphonida > sinu-pallialia > family Myacidae

fleming1603

clam1672

clamp1672

basket-shell1713

Mya1777

soft clam1800

smurlin1806

sand-clam1809

long clam1811

old maid1815

softshell clam1818

maninose1843

gaper1853

long neck1857

geoduck1881

bluenose1883

sand-gaper1887

mano1899

1887 G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S.: Hist. & Methods II. 580 English books and people call it [Mya arenaria] the ‘sand-gaper’, the ‘old maid’, &c.

sand goanna n. an Australian monitor lizard, Varanus gouldii.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Varanidae or genus Varanus > varanus gouldii (sand monitor)

bungarra1897

sand goanna1968

sand monitor1975

1968 K. Weatherly Roo Shooter 119 A sand goanna..has no respect for snakes at all; he would give most of them a very rough time of it.

sand goby n. the common goby, Pomatoschistus minutus.

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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Gobioidei > family Gobiidae > member of (goby)

gull1495

gudgeon1584

quab1598

quabling1617

goby1769

gobioid1845

sea-gudgeon1864

gobiid1883

oysterfish1903

sand goby1911

1911 F. Ward Marvels of Fish Life ii. 13 The sand goby..merely scoops out a hollow.

1935 D. B. Wilson Life of Shore & Shallow Sea viii. 88 Sand gobies..could not possibly see the bait.

1971 Nature 21 May 150/2 Other workers have found that the scarcity of the sand goby in inshore waters is matched by an increase offshore.

sand-hopper n. a crustacean, Talitrus locusta; also, a sand flea of the genus Orchestia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > miscellaneous types > talitrus locusta (sand-hopper)

sand-hopper1790

sand-skipper1871

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Siphonaptera or fleas > [noun] > member of genus Orchestia

sea-flea1658

sand-hopper1790

sand-skipper1871

sand-jumper1900

1790 J. Hassell Tour Isle of Wight II. xxv. 131 Another particular species of fish..to which they give the name of Sandhopper, from its motion, which consists of a hop or bound, like that of a grasshopper; in all other respects it resembles a shrimp, as well in make as in colour.

1818 Sporting Mag. 2 158 Such insects as ‘sea-lice’ and ‘sand-hoppers’.

1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man ii. ix. 337 The male sand-hopper (Orchestia) does not acquire his large claspers..until nearly full-grown.

sand-hornet n. a sand-wasp; esp. one of the family Crabronidæ (Cent. Dict.).

sand-jumper n. = sand-hopper n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Siphonaptera or fleas > [noun] > member of genus Orchestia

sea-flea1658

sand-hopper1790

sand-skipper1871

sand-jumper1900

1900 S. R. Crockett Little Anna Mark xviii Pools to dabble your feet in..out among the dulse and the sand-jumpers.

sand-launce n. (also sand-lance) = sand-eel n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Ammodytoidei ( sand-lances) > member of genus Ammodytes (sand-eel)

sand-eel1307

sandlingc1440

smould1605

lant1620

launce1623

ammodyte1698

sand-launce1776

gibbin1798

wriggle1816

1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) III. iv. 156 Launce..Sand.

1864 P. H. Gosse in Good Words 358 What is this writhing, wriggling thing, that looks like a narrow tape of burnished silver? It is a Sand-launce.

1905 D. S. Jordan Guide Study of Fishes II. xxix. 521 The small family of sand-lances..comprises small, slender, silvery fishes, of both Arctic and tropical seas.

1975 New Yorker 12 May 80/3 The sand lances had both the length and the diameter of standard pencils.

sand lizard n. (a) a common European lizard, Lacerta agilis; (b) U.S. a fringe-toed lizard of the genus Uma or the striped race-runner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Iguanidae > member of genus Uma (fringe-toed lizard)

sand lizard1855

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Teiidae > cnemidophorus sexlineatus (race-runner)

sand lizard1855

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Lacertidae > genus Lacerta > lacerta agilis (sand-lizard)

sand asp1833

sand lizard1855

1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Sand-lizard.

1882 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 734/1 The Sand-Lizard (Lacerta agilis), which is confined to some localities in the south of England.

1910 R. L. Ditmars Reptiles of World iii. 173 The Sand Lizard or Striped Race-Runner..is the only species of its genus ranging into the southeastern portion of the United States.

1915 E. G. Boulenger Reptiles & Batrachians i. iv. 81 The Sand Lizard..is a very local creature with us, confined to sandy heaths.

1928 Bunker's Mag. Jan. 73 The little sand lizards so common in West Texas possess the same ability to snap off their tails when they get into a tight corner.

1954 R. C. Stebbins Amphibians & Reptiles Western N. Amer. 224/1 Buried sand lizards can sometimes be frightened from the sand.

1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 127 405/2 The heathland..is the habitat of reptiles such as the smooth snake and sand lizard.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

sand lob n. = sand-worm n. (Cent. Dict.).

sandlurker n. = pride n.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superclass Agnatha > [noun] > suborder Petromyzontoidei or genus Petromyzon > member of (lamprey) > fresh-water

lampern1324

pride?a1325

river lamprey1600

sand-prey1836

sand-pride1836

sandlurker1859

1859–62 J. Richardson et al. Museum Nat. Hist. II. 111/1 The various names of Prid, Pride, Sandpride, Sand~lurker [etc.].

sand martin n. a variety of the martin n.⁴, Riparia riparia, which nests in the side of a sandpit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Hirundinidae > genus Riparia (sand-martin)

bank martnet1544

western1553

bank swallow1633

water swallow1633

bank martin1668

sand martin1668

land-martin1674

shore-bird1676

sand-swallow1797

river swallow1817

shore swallow1869

1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 90 Hirundo riparia..the Sand, or Bank Marten.

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 213 The Sand-Martin, or Shore-bird.

1774 G. White Let. 26 Feb. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 175 The sand-martin, or bank-martin, is by much the least of any of the British hirundines.

1884 Cassell's Family Mag. Mar. 220/1 Steep banks of sandstone, riddled with the holes of the sand~martin.

sand-mason n. a burrowing polychæte tube-worm belonging to the genus Lanice; also attributive.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [noun] > class Chaetopoda > order Polychaeta > suborder Sabelliformia > genus Terebella > member of

sand-masona1851

shell-binder1863

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [adjective] > belonging to class Chaetopoda > belonging to order Polychaeta > suborder Sabelliformia > of member of genus Terebella

sand-mason1977

a1851 J. G. Dalyell Powers of Creator (1853) II. 183 Terebella littoralis, seu arenaria. The Sand Mason.

1935 E. G. Boulenger Nat. Hist. Seas v. 77 Another common worm is the Sand Mason.., the tubes of which few can have overlooked.

1977 Radio Times 12 Nov. 19/1 Now he has photographed the denizens of mudflats: sea urchins, sand-mason worms, and the dog-whelk.

sand-mole n. [Dutch zandmoll] a mole of the South African species Bathyergus maritimus.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [noun] > order Insectivora > family Chrysochloridae (golden mole)

golden mole1787

chrysochlore1847

sand-mole1850

Cape mole1889

1850 A. White Pop. Hist. Mammalia 232 Another member of this family..is also a native of South Africa: this is the Coast Rat or Sand-Mole (Bathyergus maritimus).

sand monitor n. (a) the land-crocodile, Monitor or Psammosaurus arenarius (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1887); (b) = sand goanna n.

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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Varanidae or genus Varanus > varanus gouldii (sand monitor)

bungarra1897

sand goanna1968

sand monitor1975

1975 H. G. Coggar Reptiles & Amphibians Austral. 236/1 Gould's Goanna or Sand Monitor... A widespread species subject to considerable geographic variation in colour, pattern and size.

† sand-mussel n. Obsolete (see quot. 1681).

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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Mytilidae > member of (mussel)

palour1589

sand-mussel1681

pearl shell1781

mytiloid1890

kuku1905

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. vi. ii. 147 The Sand-Muscle. Tellina. They live much in the Sand.

sandnecker n. a flatfish, Platessa limandoides.

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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > miscellaneous types of

sandnecker1835

town-dab1836

rock sole1850

sand-sucker1862

Greenland halibut1872

whiff1873

greenback1947

1835 L. Jenyns Man. Brit. Vertebr. Animals 459 Platessa Limandoides, Nob. (Sandnecker).

sand-partridge n. a partridge of the genus Ammoperdix (Cent. Dict.).

sand-peep n. a familiar name in the U.S. for various small sandpipers.

ΚΠ

1872 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds 254 This species and the last are usually confounded under the common name of ‘sandpeeps’.

sand perch n. U.S. a small bass, Roccus americanus, found in marine and fresh water in eastern North America.

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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of genus Roccus

rockfish1605

squid-hound1794

striped bass1818

sand perch1878

greenhead1884

striper1945

1878 C. Hallock Sportsman's Gaz. 378 Sand Perch, or Bachelor Perch;..Apparently a cross between the yellow belly and silver perch.

1946 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 4 Aug. iv. 4- d/2 There is always the likelihood of catching..sand perch and blue-nosed perch.

1965 A. J. McClane Standard Fishing Encycl. 737/1 The sand perch..is one of the small sea basses distributed from North Carolina to Texas.

sand pigeon n. (a) see quot. 1884; (b) the stock-dove, Columba œnas (Eng. Dial. Dict.).

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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Pteroclidae (sand-grouse)

grouse1772

sand-grouse1783

rock pigeon1834

sand pigeon1884

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > genus Columba > columba oenas (stock-dove)

wood-culvera1100

stock-dovec1340

wood-quest1543

wood pigeon1668

stock pigeon1783

stoggie1864

sand pigeon1884

1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 562 The Sand-grouse (better Sand-pigeons) or Pterocletes.

sand-pike n. the sauger ( S. canadense); also the lizard-fish, Synodus fœtens.

ΚΠ

1890 Cent. Dict. at Pike Sand-pike.

sand plover n. a local name for plovers of the genera Ægialitis and Squatarola.

ΚΠ

1842 W. MacGillivray Man. Brit. Ornithol. II. 52 Charadrius Hiaticula. Ringed Sand-Plover.

1842 W. MacGillivray Man. Brit. Ornithol. II. 53 Charadrius Cantianus. Kentish Sand-Plover.

1889 Parker Catal. N.Z. Exhib. 116 But two genera of the group [Wading Birds] are found only in New Zealand, the Sand-plover and the Wry-billed Plover.

sand-prey n.

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the world > animals > fish > superclass Agnatha > [noun] > suborder Petromyzontoidei or genus Petromyzon > member of (lamprey) > fresh-water

lampern1324

pride?a1325

river lamprey1600

sand-prey1836

sand-pride1836

sandlurker1859

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 459 The Pride, and Sandpride. Sandprey, and Mud lamprey.

sand-pride n. = pride n.²

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the world > animals > fish > superclass Agnatha > [noun] > suborder Petromyzontoidei or genus Petromyzon > member of (lamprey) > fresh-water

lampern1324

pride?a1325

river lamprey1600

sand-prey1836

sand-pride1836

sandlurker1859

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 459 The Pride, and Sandpride. Sandprey, and Mud lamprey.

sand rat n. a North American rat of the genus Thomomys, esp. T. talpoides.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Geomyidae (gopher)

sand rat1781

tuza1787

mungofa1789

salamander1805

gopher1814

pocket gopher1873

1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds II. 466 Sand Rat. Mus Arenarius.

1894–5 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. III. 149 In size the naked sand-rats (Heterocephalus) may be compared to a common mouse.

sand roller n. the trout perch (Webster Suppl. 1902).

sand-runner n. a sand-plover or sandpiper (Newton).

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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of

sandpiper1674

stone-runner1681

sand bird1709

piper1793

tattler1831

water junket1833

tip-up1848

kitty-needy1850

weet-weet1852

peep1864

sand-runner1894

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Charadriidae > genus Charadrius > charadrius hiaticula (ringed plover)

sea-lark1602

ringlestonesa1682

stone-runner1681

sand laverock1694

sandy laverock1710

ring-necked plover1750

towillee1758

sand lark1771

ringed plover1776

ring dotterel1797

ring plover1797

dulwilly1802

ring-neck1837

ringed sand plover1842

stonehatch1852

miller1885

sand-runner1894

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > genus Calidris > calidris alba (sanderling)

stint1519

sanderling1602

curwillet1674

towillee1758

ruddy plover1785

sand-runner1894

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > genus Calidris > calidris alpinus (dunlin)

stint1519

dunlin1531

oxbirda1547

sea-lark1602

purre1611

ox-eye1612

jack snipe1664

spar1668

pickerel1684

sand laverock1694

sandy laverock1710

sea-snipe1767

plover's page1771

sand lark1771

red-back1813

red-backed sandpiper1813

ebb-sleeper1837

oxybird1887

simpleton1890

plover's provider1892

sand-runner1894

1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III iii. 813 Sand-runner, like the foregoing [sc. sand-plover], but perhaps sometimes used more for Sandpiper.

1913 H. K. Swann Dict. Names Brit. Birds 205 Sand Runner: The Dunlin. Also the Ringed Plover and the Sanderling on the Humber.

1979 Bull. Yorks. Dial. Soc. Summer 7 We would find eggs on the sand at the sea side of the Point laid by a bird we called a sand runner.

sand-saucer n. (see quot. 1885).

ΚΠ

1885 Standard Nat. Hist. I. 346 The egg masses of the Naticas bear the common name sand-saucers.

sandscrew n. an amphipod, Lepidactylis arenaria.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Arthostraca > order Amphipoda > member of

amphipod1835

sandscrew1863

1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 623 Sand-screw, Sutcator arenarius... So called from the odd movements which it makes when laid upon dry sand, wriggling along [etc.].

sand-shark n. (a) U.S. a kind of shark (see quot. 1884); one belonging to the family Carchariidæ, esp. Carcharias taurus; (b) Australia a variety of ray-fish (see quot. 1882); = guitar-fish n. at guitar n. Compounds 2.

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the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Hypotremata > [noun] > member of family Rhinobatidae (guitar-fish)

shark-ray1836

rhinobatid1859

sand-shark1882

guitar-fish1905

the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > family Carcharinidae > member of (sand-shark)

sand-shark1882

the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > family Carcharinidae > member of genus Carcharias

white shark1673

lamia1728

Gangetic shark1879

sand-shark1882

1882 J. E. Tenison-Woods Fish & Fisheries New S. Wales 93 Rhinobatus granulatus, blind or sand shark.

1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 671 The Sand Shark—Odontaspis littoralis. This species..is found..from New England southward to Charleston.

1938 A. H. Verrill Strange Fish ix. 92 Certain species of sharks..may be considered harmless to man. Such are the sand-sharks and dogfish.

1949 W. W. Small in Vesey-Fitzgerald & Lamonte Game Fish of World v. 381 A sandshark (really a shovelnose skate)..can give an angler hell.

1961 E. S. Herald Living Fishes of World 17/2 Sand sharks—Family Carchariidæ.

1968 D. O'Grady Bottle of Sandwiches 51 He said it was only a sand-shark, or shovel-nose.

sand shell n. a yellow river mussel, or naiad ( Lampsilus anodontoides) of the Mississippi River; also, applied to Lampsilus rectus (Webster Suppl. 1902).

sand shrimp n. a shrimp, esp. Crangon vulgaris ( Cent. Dict.).

sand-skink n. a skink found in sandy places; esp. Seps ocellatus ( Cent. Dict.).

sand-skipper n. = sand-hopper n.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > miscellaneous types > talitrus locusta (sand-hopper)

sand-hopper1790

sand-skipper1871

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Siphonaptera or fleas > [noun] > member of genus Orchestia

sea-flea1658

sand-hopper1790

sand-skipper1871

sand-jumper1900

1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man ii. ix. 334 This same naturalist separated a male sand-skipper (so common on our sea-shores), Gammarus marinus, from its female.

sand-smelt n. the smelt Atherina presbyter.

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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Atheriniformes > [noun] > member of family Atherinidae (smelt)

friar1603

atherine1771

smelt1776

sand-smelt1836

roselet1862

nonnat1868

grunion1917

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 214 The Atherine, or Sandsmelt.

sand-snake n. (a) a snake of the genus Eryx = ammodyte n. 1; (b) = desert-snake n. at desert n.² Compounds 2 (Cent. Dict.).

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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Boidae (boas) > member of genus Eryx (sand boa)

sand-viper1668

sand-snake1753

sand boa1910

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Ammodytes..or sand-snake, from its sand-like colour.

1896 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. V. 193 From their allies, the sand-snakes are distinguished by the small scales being either smooth or singly keeled [etc.].

sand-snipe n. (see quot. 1848).

ΚΠ

1848 Zoologist 6 2137 All the sand-pipers..are indiscriminately known as ‘sand-snipes’ [Leicestershire].

sand-sole n. the sole Solea lascaris.

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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Soleidae (soles) > member of genus Solea

sole1347

queen1671

sand-sole1880

1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 42 Solea lascaris... The..‘sand~sole’ from the localities it frequents.

sand-star n. a starfish of the genus Ophiura, esp. O. texturata.

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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Asteroidea > member of (starfish)

starfish1538

sea-pad1558

sea-star1569

star1569

pad1613

finger fish1709

sea-sun1731

stelleridan1835

stelliridean1837

asteroid1841

sand-star1841

spoon-worm1841

sun star1841

sun starfish1850

Stellerid1882

stelleroid1900

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Ophiuroidea > member of

Ophiura1837

brittlestar1841

sand-star1841

serpent-star1851

ophiuran1864

spinigrade1864

ophiurid1869

ophiuroid1870

ophiure1890

1841 E. Forbes Hist. Brit. Starfishes 23 Common Sand-star. Ophiura texturata. Lam.

1841 E. Forbes Hist. Brit. Starfishes 27 Lesser Sand-star. Ophiura albida. Forbes.

sand-sucker n. (a) the flatfish Platessa limandoides; (b) U.S. a popular name for soft-bodied animals which hide in the sand, as ascidians, holothurians, or nereids ( Cent. Dict.).

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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > miscellaneous types of

sandnecker1835

town-dab1836

rock sole1850

sand-sucker1862

Greenland halibut1872

whiff1873

greenback1947

1862 A. Günther Catal. Fishes Brit. Mus. IV. 405 Hippoglossoides limandoides. The rough Dab or Sandsucker.

1876 S. Smiles Life Sc. Naturalist xiv. 287 Amongst the rare fishes caught by them were the Sandsucker, Platessa limandoides [etc.].

sand-swallow n. (see quot. 1797).

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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Hirundinidae > genus Riparia (sand-martin)

bank martnet1544

western1553

bank swallow1633

water swallow1633

bank martin1668

sand martin1668

land-martin1674

shore-bird1676

sand-swallow1797

river swallow1817

shore swallow1869

1797 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds I. 258 (heading) Sand Martin... or Sand Swallow. (Hirundo riparia).

sand-viper n. (a) = sand-snake n. (a); (b) U.S. regional a snake of the genus Heterodon (Cent. Dict.).

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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Boidae (boas) > member of genus Eryx (sand boa)

sand-viper1668

sand-snake1753

sand boa1910

1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 30 Ammodites,..the sand Viper.

1896 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. V. 233 Another well-known poisonous European snake is the long-nosed, or sand-viper (Vipera ammodytes).

sand-wasp n. a digger-wasp (see digger n. 4).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > super family Sphecoidea or family Sphecidae > member of (digger-wasp)

sand-wasp1813

digger1847

plasterer1857

digger-wasp1880

sphecid1895

fossor1938

1813 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 4) III. 257 The Sand-wasp.

1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 270 Sand-wasps (Crabronidæ, Pompilidæ). These..have a simple trochanter, a stalked abdomen, and a sting.

sand whiting n. (a) see quot. 1882; (b) the Carolina whiting Menticirrhus Americanus (Webster Suppl. 1902).

ΚΠ

1882 J. E. Tenison-Woods Fish & Fisheries New S. Wales 65 The ‘whitings’ are not like those of Europe. There are..four Australian species—the common sand whiting (Sillago maculata),..the trumpeter whiting (Sillago bassensis),.. Sillago punctata, the whiting of Melbourne..and Sillago ciliata.

sand-worm n. the lug-worm Arenicola marina or piscatorum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [noun] > class Chaetopoda > order Polychaeta > suborder Scoleciformia > family Arenicolidae > member of (lug-worms)

lug1602

squirrel-tail1653

sand-worm1776

treachet1787

lug-worm1813

lob-worm1854

sand lob1889

1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) III. iv. 237 The next baits in esteem are..sand worms, muscles, and limpets.

1896 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. VI. 435 We may take as our first example [of the group Tubicola] the sand-worm (Arenicola piscatorum).

c. In the names of plants. See also sand verbena n. at verbena n. 4.

sand blackberry n. (see quot. 1859).

ΚΠ

1859 W. Darlington & G. Thurber Amer. Weeds & Useful Plants 128 Rubus cuneifolius,..Sand Blackberry.

sand cherry n. North American a shrub or small tree, Prunus pumila, of central North America, or a related species, P. besseyi, of the western states; also, the fruit of these plants.

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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > cherry > types of

black cherry1530

geana1533

Plinian1577

cherrylet1605

agriot1611

morel1611

cœur-cherry1626

bigarreau1629

May-cherry1629

morello1629

duracine1655

black heart1664

duke1664

red-hearta1678

prince royal1686

May duke1718

ox-heart1731

sand cherry1778

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > trees or plants bearing stone fruit > cherry tree > types of

mahaleb1558

goynire1572

mazzard1578

bird cherry1597

ground-cherry1601

wild cherry1666

red cherry1681

Royal Ann1724

sand cherry1778

rum cherry1818

marasca1852

sakura1884

black cherry1898

Japanese cherry1901

Tibetan cherry1948

1778 J. Carver Trav. N.-Amer. 30 Near the borders of the Lake [Michigan] grow a great number of sand cherries.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 168 On its banks are found amazing quantities of sand cherries.

1800 A. Henry Jrnl. 17 Aug. (1988) I. 18 We found an abundance of Sand-Cherries, which were..of an excellent flavor.

1970 J. H. Gray Boy from Winnipeg 55 When we tired of that [sc. swimming] we would go picking sand-cherries.

sand elm n. a variety of elm, Ulmus suberosa.

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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elms > [noun]

wycheOE

elmc1000

ulm-treec1000

witch hazela1400

all-heart1567

ulme1567

white elm1580

wych elm1582

witchen1594

weeping elm1606

trench-elm1676

smooth-leaved elm1731

witch elm1731

water elm1733

slippery elm1748

Scotch elm1769

wahoo1770

American elm1771

red elm1805

witches' elm1808

moose elm1810

cork-elm1813

rock elm1817

swamp elm1817

planer tree1819

Jersey elm1838

winged elm1858

sand elm1878

Exeter-elm1882

1878 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 152/1 The Dutch or Sand Elm is a tree very similar to the wych elm.

sand flower n. = sandwort n.

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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > sandwort

sandwort1597

sea pimpernel1633

mountain chickweed1659

sea spurrey1762

sea-chickweed1786

arenariaa1806

sand-weed1849

sea-sandwort1850

sea spurrey sandwort1853

mountain sandwort1884

sand flower1916

1916 W. de la Mare Songs of Childhood (new ed.) 80 Alliolyle where the sand-flower blows Taught three old apes to sing.

1937 D. Thomas in Life & Letters Spring 70 He stumbled on over sand and sandflowers like a blind boy in the sun.

sand grass n. (a) any species of grass which grows in sand and serves the purpose of a sand-binder (see quots.); (b) New Zealand = pingao n.

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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bent grass, rush, or sedge

sedgec1000

flaga1387

sniddlea1400

bentc1425

helm1640

marram1640

beach-grass1681

spreta1700

bent-grass1777

marsh grass1785

sea-grass1791

sedge-grass1847

sand grass1856

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges

starc1300

carexa1398

float-grassc1440

red sedge1480

sag1531

pry grassa1600

flea-grass1670

star-grass1782

sedge1785

sea sedge1796

sharp-pry-grass1803

blue star grass1807

whip-grass1814

flea-sedge1816

saw-grass1822

mud rush1824

tight-locka1825

nut grass1830

razor grass1834

twig-rush1836

nut rush1843

sand grass1856

mud sedge1859

niggerhead1859

nutsedge1861

pingao1867

sword-rush1875

tupak-grass1884

tussock-sedge1884

sennegrass1897

nigger's-head1921

1856 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (1860) 556 Triplasis purpurea (Sand-Grass)... In sand, Massachusetts to Virginia along the coast, and southward.

1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. §594. 426 The sand-grasses, Elymus arenarius, Arundo arenaria,..are valuable binding weeds on shifting sandy shores.

1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 2 White seashore sandhills..for..the wind..to pile into hillocks, until the wily pingau (native sand grass), creeping snakelike along,..bound [them] into masses.

1959 A. H. McLintock Descr. Atlas N.Z. 31 Planting of sand grass, lupins, and, in places, pines..is needed to protect farm land.

† sand-hooker tree n. Obsolete = sandbox tree (see sandbox n. 3).

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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > South American and West Indian trees or shrubs > [noun] > sand-box

sandbox1750

sand-hooker tree1796

monkey's dinner bell1849

1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xxiii. 164 The sand~hooker tree..receives its name from the fruit, which being divested of its seed, is used as a sand-box by writers.

sand-jack n. (see quot. 1884).

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1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 153 Quercus cinerea Michaux... Upland Willow Oak. Blue Jack. Sand Jack.

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sand-leek n. the rocambole, Allium Scorodoprasum (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1887).

sand lily n. (a) U.S. a stemless rhizomatous herb, Leucocrinum montanum, belonging to the family Liliaceæ and bearing clusters of fragrant white flowers; (b) a bulbous plant, Pancratium maritimum, belonging to the family Amaryllidaceæ, native to the Mediterranean region, and bearing fragrant white flowers; = sea-daffodil n. at sea n. Compounds 6f.

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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > sea-daffodil

sea-daffodil1597

sea-narcissus1669

sand lily1909

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > allied flowers

dog's tooth1578

daylily1597

mountain saffron1597

phalangium1608

Savoy spiderwort1629

hemerocallis1648

tuberose1664

St Bruno's lily1706

superb lily1731

agapanthus1789

Spanish squill1790

erythronium1797

Tritoma1804

Spanish harebell1808

veltheimia1808

adder's tongue1817

bunch flower1818

Puschkinia1820

hedychium1822

eremurus1836

flame lily1841

lily pink1848

mountain spiderwort1849

lloydia1850

kniphofia1854

garland-flower1866

red-hot poker1870

swamp-lover1878

African lily1882

flame-flower1882

Scarborough lily1882

wood-lily1882

St. Bernard lily1883

torch-lily1884

rajanigandha1885

ginger lily1892

chinkerinchee1904

snow lily1907

sand lily1909

avalanche lily1912

Spanish bluebell1924

mountain lily1932

chink1949

poker1975

1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Sand lily, a white-flowered scapose liliaceous plant..of the western United States.

1929 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 939/1 Sand Lily..native to plains and mountain valleys from South Dacota and Nebraska west to California.

1951 T. H. Kearney & R. H. Peebles Arizona Flora 177 The star-lily or sand-lily..is to be looked for in northern Arizona.

1956 G. Durrell My Family & Other Animals xvi. 215 The smooth curve of the dune..was the only place on the island [sc. Corfu] where these sand lilies grew, strange, misshapen bulbs buried in the sand, that once a year sent up thick green leaves and white flowers above the surface.

1973 Hitchcock & Cronquist Flora Pacific Northwest 691 Fl[ower]s white, rather showy, borne in clusters... Sand lily, star lily.

sand myrtle n. a small evergreen shrub, Leiophyllum buxifolium, of the family Ericaceæ, native to eastern North America and bearing pink or white flowers.

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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > North-American

wild tea1728

bastard indigo1730

mountain heath1731

groundsel-tree1736

amorpha1751

buttonbush1754

moosewood1778

pipestem wood1791

modesty1809

sand myrtle1814

wicopy1823

lead-plant1833

false indigo1841

sleek-leaf1845

arrow weed1848

rabbit bush1852

ribbonwood1860

rabbit brush1877

sea myrtle1883

pencil tree1884

tar-bush1884

ocean spray1906

1814 F. Pursh Flora Amer. Septentrionalis I. 301 Ammyrsine buxifolia..known by the name of Sand-myrtle among the inhabitants of New Jersey.

1845–50 A. H. Lincoln Familiar Lect. Bot. (new ed.) v. 118 Leiophyllum..buxifolium (sand myrtle).

1882 Harper's Mag. June 71 Of the smaller shrubs now in bloom we find the sand-myrtle, with its terminal umbel-like clusters of small pinkish flowers.

1943 R. Peattie Great Smokies & Blue Ridge 266 Tangled growths of rhododendrons..with some amounts of mountain laurel, blueberry, smilax, and occasionally sand myrtle.

sand-oat n. = sand-reed n.

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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sea bent or sea reed grass

sea-reedc1550

sea-bent1562

sea matweed1597

sea reed-grass1777

sand-reed1805

bent-star1822

sea matgrass1840

sand-sedge1842

sand-oat1881

1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 60/1 The dunes show a tendency, except where the Dutch prevent it by planting wood or sand-oats, to wear away on the side towards the sea.

sand pear n. an East Asian species of pear, Pyrus pyrifolia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > other types of pear

calewey1377

choke-pear1530

muscadel1555

lording1573

bon-chrétienc1575

Burgundian pear1578

king pear1585

amiot1600

bergamot1600

butter pear1600

dew-pear1600

greening1600

bottle pear1601

gourd-pear1601

critling1611

pearc1612

nutmeg1629

rosewater pear1629

amber pear1638

Christian1651

chesil1664

diego1664

frith-pear1664

primate1664

saffron pear1664

Windsor pear1664

nonsuch1674

muscat1675

burnt-cat1676

ambrette1686

sanguinole1693

satin1693

St. Germain pear1693

amadot1706

burree1719

Doyenne1731

beurré1736

colmar1736

chaumontel1755

Marie Louise1817

seckel1817

vergaloo1828

Passe Colmar1837

glou-morceau1859

London sugar1860

Kieffer pear1880

sand pear1880

sandy pear1884

nashi1892

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of

calewey1377

honey peara1400

pome-pear1440

pome-wardena1513

choke-pear1530

muscadel1555

worry pear1562

lording1573

bon-chrétienc1575

Burgundian pear1578

king pear1585

pound pear1585

poppering1597

wood of Jerusalem1597

muscadine1598

amiot1600

bergamot1600

butter pear1600

dew-pear1600

greening1600

mollart1600

roset1600

wax pear1600

bottle pear1601

gourd-pear1601

Venerian pear1601

musk pear1611

rose pear1611

pusill1615

Christian1629

nutmeg1629

rolling pear1629

surreine1629

sweater1629

amber pear1638

Venus-pear1648

horse-pear1657

Martin1658

russet1658

rousselet1660

diego1664

frith-pear1664

maudlin1664

Messire Jean1664

primate1664

sovereign1664

spindle-pear1664

stopple-pear1664

sugar-pear1664

virgin1664

Windsor pear1664

violet-pear1666

nonsuch1674

muscat1675

burnt-cat1676

squash pear1676

rose1678

Longueville1681

maiden-heart1685

ambrette1686

vermilion1691

admiral1693

sanguinole1693

satin1693

St. Germain pear1693

pounder pear1697

vine-pear1704

amadot1706

marchioness1706

marquise1706

Margaret1707

short-neck1707

musk1708

burree1719

marquis1728

union pear1728

Doyenne pear1731

Magdalene1731

beurré1736

colmar1736

Monsieur Jean1736

muscadella1736

swan's egg1736

chaumontel1755

St Michael's pear1796

Williams1807

Marie Louise1817

seckel1817

Bartlett1828

vergaloo1828

Passe Colmar1837

glou-morceau1859

London sugar1860

snow-pear1860

Comice1866

Kieffer pear1880

sand pear1880

sandy pear1884

snowy pear1884

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole iii. xxi. 593 The Sand peare is a reasonable good peare, but Small.]

1880 Gardener's Monthly Feb. 49/1 The Kieffer Pear.—A contemporary asks what evidence there is that this is a hybrid between the Chinese Sand Pear, and the ordinary garden variety?

1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) IV. 1722/2 Sand Pear... Edible var[ietie]s are grown in China and Japan.

sand pine n.

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1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 199 Pinus clausus Vasey... Sand Pine.

sand pink n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1852 G. W. Johnson Cottage Gardeners' Dict. 325 Dianthus arenarius (sand pink).

sand-reed n. the marram grass, Ammophila arenaria; cf. marram n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sea bent or sea reed grass

sea-reedc1550

sea-bent1562

sea matweed1597

sea reed-grass1777

sand-reed1805

bent-star1822

sea matgrass1840

sand-sedge1842

sand-oat1881

1805 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 109 In Iceland, the grain of sand-reed approaches so nearly to maturity, that [etc.].

1849 W. H. Harvey Sea-side Bk. i. 12 The sand-reed..naturally grows on the sandy shores of Europe.

1879 Scribner's Monthly Sept. 651/1 After laboriously cleaning their fish, they laid them among the sand-reeds.

1910 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 590/2 The most common plant here is the stiff sand-reed.

1975 M. C. Davis Near Woods i. 3 On a wave-lashed slope, this sand reed measures land's end.

sand rocket n. the wall mustard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Cruciferae (crucifers) > [noun] > other crucifers

Raphanusa1398

watercress?a1450

boor's mustard1548

dish-mustard1548

rocket1548

treacle mustard1548

heal-dog1551

Thlaspi1562

candy mustard1597

Grecian mustard1597

Italian rocket1597

knave's mustard1597

madwort1597

mithridate mustard1597

moonwort1597

mithridate1605

wall-rocket1611

broom-wort1614

candytuft1629

draba1629

Turkey cress1633

rock cress1650

shepherd's cress1713

pennycress1714

alyssum1731

arabis1756

tower mustard1760

faverel1770

molewort1770

stinkweed1793

wall cabbage1796

wall-cress1796

awl-wort1797

sickle-pod1846

Kerguelen cabbage1847

sun cress1848

sand rocket1854

wall mustard1904

buckler-mustard-

tower-cress-

1854 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. I. 153 Sinapis muralis (Sand-rocket).

† sand-rush n. U.S. Obsolete perhaps Equisetum arvense.

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1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 15 July in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 383 The..sand-rush and narrow dock are also common.

sand-sedge n. = sand-reed n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sea bent or sea reed grass

sea-reedc1550

sea-bent1562

sea matweed1597

sea reed-grass1777

sand-reed1805

bent-star1822

sea matgrass1840

sand-sedge1842

sand-oat1881

1842 J. B. Fraser Mesopot. & Assyria xv. 361 There is no combat here, such as when the sand-reed or sand-sedge..endeavours to climb above the perpetually accumulating sands.

sand spurry n. a plant of the genus Spergularia (Cent. Dict.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > spurrey or spurries

spurrey1577

frank1578

spur wort1640

knotted spurrey1771

pearlwort spurrey1797

awl-shaped spurrey1828

spergula1836

sand spurrey1866

sand spurry1866

spurreys1882

sandwort spurrey1887

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1089/1 Sand Spurry. Spergularia.

1960 S. Ary & M. Gregory Oxf. Bk. Wild Flowers 112/2 The Cliff Sand Spurrey (S. rupicola), found on rocky coasts in the south and west, has glandular hairy stems... Sand Spurrey (S. rubra), common in sandy and gravelly places, is a rather hairy plant.

sandstay n. (see quot. 1889).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > [noun] > valued plant > that nourishes or binds soil

sandstay1889

1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 642 Leptospermum lævigatum..‘Sandstay’... This shrub is the most effectual of all for arresting the progress of drift sand.

sand-weed n. = sandwort n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > sandwort

sandwort1597

sea pimpernel1633

mountain chickweed1659

sea spurrey1762

sea-chickweed1786

arenariaa1806

sand-weed1849

sea-sandwort1850

sea spurrey sandwort1853

mountain sandwort1884

sand flower1916

1849 D. G. Rossetti Let. 18 Oct. (1965) I. 78 Curse the big mounds of sand-weed!

sand-willow n. Salix fusca.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > willow and allies > [noun] > other types of willow

red willow1547

water willow1583

goat's willow1597

rose willow1597

sweet willow1597

French willow1601

siler1607

palm-withy1609

sallowie1610

swallowtail willow1626

willow bay1650

black willow1670

crack-willow1670

grey willow1697

water sallow1761

almond willowa1763

swallow-tailed willow1764

swamp willow1765

golden osier1772

golden willow1772

purple willow1773

sand-willow1786

goat willow1787

purple osier1797

whipcord1812

Arctic willow1818

sage-willow1846

pussy willow1851

Kilmarnock willow1854

sweet-bay willow1857

pussy1858

palm willow1869

Spaniard1871

ground-willow1875

Spanish willow1875

snap-willow1880

diamond willow1884

sandbar willow1884

pussy palm1886

creeping willow1894

bat-willow1907

cricket bat willow1907

silver willow1914

1786 J. Abercrombie Arrangem. Plants 35/2 in Gardeners Daily Assistant Sand willow, downy leaved.

sand wood n. (see quot. 1840).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > other trees > [noun]

blood tree1785

sea-purslane tree1786

salt-tree1824

fever tree1830

sand wood1840

scrubwood1874

mulatto tree1876

1840 J. Paxton & J. Lindley Pocket Bot. Dict. (at cited word) Sand-wood. Bremontiera Ammoxylon.

Draft additions 1993

sand-barite n. [barite n.] Mineralogy = rock rose n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [noun] > crystal structure > specific form

needlestone1805

rose1851

spodiosite1887

rosette1905

sand-barite1906

allotriomorph1914

desert rose1929

rock rose1933

peloid1963

1906 H. W. Nichols in Publ. Field Columbian Museum Geol. Ser. III. 31 (heading) Sand-barite crystals from Oklahoma.

1923 Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 3 102 Barite and especially the form known as ‘sand barite rosettes’, has long attracted attention as one of the most widely disseminated of Oklahoma minerals.

1947 Rocks & Minerals 22 706 Farther north in the Baharia Oasis sand barite crystals are found in the Nubian Sandstone.

1962 Amer. Mineralogist 47 1189 Sand-barite analogs of sand-calcite single crystals were discovered recently by Mr. Everett Hill on land adjoining his ranch..south of Hot Springs, South Dakota.

1983 S. I. Tomkeieff et al. Dict. Petrol. 494/2 Rock rose,..a local Oklahoma term for sand barites.

Draft additions September 2014

sand flounder n. originally regional any of various kinds of flatfish associated with sandy seabeds; now esp. (U.S.) the windowpane flounder, Scophthalmus aquosus, (New Zealand) the New Zealand flounder, Rhombosolea plebeia of the southwest Pacific (family Pleuronectidae), and members of the family Paralichthyidae.In quot. 1840: the dab, Limanda limanda.

ΚΠ

1840 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. 14 156 Platessa limanda Yarr.—Sand-Flounder or Saltie.

1842 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. iv. 302 The Spotted or Watery Turbot..is sometimes called the Watery Flounder, and more frequently the Sand Flounder.

1851 M. H. Perley Catal. Fishes New Brunswick & Nova Scotia 33 The next species, the sand Flounder or small Dab, is a little fish, from 4 to 6 inches in length, nearly of a uniform olive brown; the eyes and colored surface on the right.

1907 Trans. Royal Soc. N.Z. 39 480 Rhombosolea plebeius, commonly known as the sand-flounder.

1991 B. Arnov Fish Florida: Saltwater 28 The IGFA keeps no records on another Florida flounder, the Gulf or sand flounder (Paralichthys albigutta).

2009 Telegram & Gaz. (Mass.) (Nexis) 26 June c3 Windowpane or sand flounder are ‘left-handed’ and large-mouthed like fluke, but are shaped much rounder than other flounder species.

Draft additions September 2013

sand tiger n. (more fully sand tiger shark) = grey nurse n. at grey adj. and n. Compounds 1c(b).

ΚΠ

1939 Proc. Florida Acad. Sci. 1938 3 11 Probably most of the sharks are of little importance as enemies of food fishes. A possible exception is the sand-tiger.

1981 Amer. Zoologist 21 486/1 Springer..presented evidence for the occurrence of adelphophagy in the sand tiger shark.

2011 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 20 May b1 The big sand tigers are the most popular fish among zoo guests.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	sand
释义	† sandn.¹ Forms: Old English–Middle English sand, sond, Middle English–1500s sand(e, sond(e, Middle English saand, sund, Middle English saande, sonnd, sound(e, soonde, sownde, Middle English Scottish saynd(e. Etymology: Old English sand , sǫnd strong feminine, < Germanic sand- in sandjan to send v.¹ Obsolete. 1. a. The action of sending; that which is sent, a message, present; (God's) dispensation or ordinance. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > ordinance, prescription, or appointment > an ordinance or authoritative utterance setnessc950 sandc1000 edict1297 statutec1300 proclamationa1325 justifyinga1382 rescritec1384 decree?a1400 thewsc1400 justification?a1475 ordinationc1499 dictamena1513 golden bull1537 dictate1604 process1604 dictament1615 dictation1651 fiata1750 diktat1941 c1000 Ælfric Judith in Homilies (Assmann) ix. 114 & him dæghwamlice com þurh heora drihtnes sande mete of heofe~num. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2351 Bot vp he stirt bidene And heried godes sand Almiȝt. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 114 At Rokesburghe his parlement he helde, Þe folk did somon þorgh..& gaf þam sonde at wille in Inglond forto fare, Man & beste to spille. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. iii. 349 Þe soule þat þe sonde [of the text] taketh bi so moche is bounde. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 292 Wheþer prelatis now ben more confermed in grace þanne was seynt petir þanne aftir sonde of þe holy goost? c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 728 She taketh in good entente The wille of Crist, and, kneling on the stronde, She seyde, ‘lord! ay wel-com be thy sonde!’ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 415 Men hadde craft by Goddes sonde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5099 Noght wit your rede, bot godds saand, Was i þus sent in-to þis land. a1440 Sir Degrev. 1079 (Cambr.) Thay thanked God of his sant [rhyme ferrant; Linc. MS. corruptly here shaunce, with rhyme ferrauns]. c1440 York Myst. x. 244 It is goddis will, it sall be myne, Agaynste his saande sall I neuer schone. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 464/2 Sond, or sendynge, missio. Sond, or ȝyfte sent, eccennium. c1450 Ratis Raving, Craft Deyng 4 To thank hyme [God] of al his sayndes and gyftes. a1500 Tale of Basin in M. M. Furrow Ten 15th-cent. Comic Poems (1985) 53 A riche man wex he..And knowen for a gode clerke þoro Goddis sande. c1500 W. Kennedy Passion of Christ 914 This crabbit theif,..Beta~kinnis men, quhilk euer mair is murnand, The saynd of God ay reput myschance. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Giii^v To thanke god of his sonde. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10506 A sonnd will I send by a sad frynd. b. The action of sending for; invitation. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > summons or summoning lathingc897 summonc1330 summoningc1375 summonds1385 calla1400 summation?1473 citing1485 sanda1513 whistlea1529 provocation1542 evocation1575 bidding1810 biddance1836 whip1879 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccx. f. cxxx^v This Robert was a Monke of an howse in Normandy & came ouer by the sonde of the kynge. 2. a. A person or body of persons sent on an errand; an embassy; an envoy, messenger. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > [noun] > a commission given to anyone > on which one is sent errandOE sand1038 messagec1300 envoy1796 society > communication > information > message > [noun] > messenger erendrakec825 bodec888 apostlec950 sand1038 sandesman1123 sanderbodec1200 bearer?c1225 errand-bearer?c1225 messenger?c1225 erindeberea1250 sand-manc1275 beadsman1377 herald1377 messagea1382 runnera1382 sendmana1400 interpreter1490 nuntius1534 post1535 pursuivant?1536 nuncius1573 nuncio1587 carrier1594 nunciate1596 mercury1597 chiaus1599 foreranger1612 postera1614 irisa1616 missivea1616 chouse1632 angela1637 caduceator1684 purpose messenger1702 errand-bringer1720 harkara1747 commissionaire1749 carrier pigeon1785 errander1803 errand-porter1818 tchaush1819 card carrier1845 errand-goer1864 choush1866 ghulam1882 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > ambassador or envoy sand1038 sandesman1123 sanderbodec1200 erendes-manc1275 sand-manc1275 legatec1350 embassadora1398 ambassador1417 bassatourc1450 orator1474 messenger1535 vakeel1622 public minister1624 minister1647 envoy1666 wakeel1803 missionary1821 elchee1824 ambassador-at-large1868 1038 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. (1846) IV. 57 Þa com cristes cyrce sand to þam biscop. a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1095 Eac on þis ylcan geare togeanes Eastron com þæs Papan sande hider to lande þæt wæs Waltear bisceop. 1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1135 Here sandes feorden betwyx heom. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 143 Vh wordlih wa hit is godes sonde hech monnes Messager me schal hechliche vnderfon. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1561 He sende hiis sande [c1300 Otho sonde]. into þisse lande to Leir þan king. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14158 Þe sandes soght ouer all Iude, Faand þai him noght in þat contre. c1440 York Myst. xliv. 29 But firste he saide he schulde doune sende His sande. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xxi. i. 840 Than Syr Mordred sought on quene Gueneuer by letters & sondes..for to haue hir to come oute of the toure of london. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 178 The saynde of god, the quhilk was tobe send fra the fader of hevyn war cummyn. b. a, on sand: on an embassy or message. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [adverb] > on an embassy a, on sanda1300 embassade1525 a1300 Cursor Mundi 710 Bot adam son was sent a saand. c1440 Ipomydon 2283 Syr Camppanus forthe ys gon on sond, To the kyng of Sesanay-lond. 3. A serving of food; a course, mess. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > course > [noun] sanda700 messc1300 coursec1325 servicec1450 the world > food and drink > food > amounts of food > [noun] > portion of food > portion served sanda700 messc1300 servicec1330 help1809 round1839 serving1864 serve1868 helping1883 a700 Epinal Gloss. 188 Commeatos, commeatus sandæ [a 800 Erfurt Gloss. sondæ]. a1175 Cott. Hom. 233 And þer hi hadden brad and win and vii. sandon. c1250 Death 106 in Old Eng. Misc. 174 Hwer beoð þine dihsches midd þine swete sonde. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12277 Þas beorn þa sunde [c1300 Otho þe sondes] from kuchene to þan kinge. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2295 Of euerilc sonde, of euerilc win, Most and best he gaf beniamin. a1400 Sir Beues 1927 And of eueriche sonde, Þat him com to honde, A dede hire ete al þer ferst. c1440 Floriz & Bl. (Trentham) 1072 Þere was fest swythe breeme; I can not telle al þe sonde, But rycher fest was neuer in londe. Compounds sand-man n. messenger, ambassador. (Cf. sandesman n., sendman n.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > message > [noun] > messenger erendrakec825 bodec888 apostlec950 sand1038 sandesman1123 sanderbodec1200 bearer?c1225 errand-bearer?c1225 messenger?c1225 erindeberea1250 sand-manc1275 beadsman1377 herald1377 messagea1382 runnera1382 sendmana1400 interpreter1490 nuntius1534 post1535 pursuivant?1536 nuncius1573 nuncio1587 carrier1594 nunciate1596 mercury1597 chiaus1599 foreranger1612 postera1614 irisa1616 missivea1616 chouse1632 angela1637 caduceator1684 purpose messenger1702 errand-bringer1720 harkara1747 commissionaire1749 carrier pigeon1785 errander1803 errand-porter1818 tchaush1819 card carrier1845 errand-goer1864 choush1866 ghulam1882 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > ambassador or envoy sand1038 sandesman1123 sanderbodec1200 erendes-manc1275 sand-manc1275 legatec1350 embassadora1398 ambassador1417 bassatourc1450 orator1474 messenger1535 vakeel1622 public minister1624 minister1647 envoy1666 wakeel1803 missionary1821 elchee1824 ambassador-at-large1868 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6361 And heo us habbeoð word isend bi vre sond-monnen. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online December 2021). sandn.² Brit. /sand/, U.S. /sænd/ Forms: Old English sand, sond, Middle English sond, Middle English–1500s sonde, Middle English–1600s sande, (Middle English sonnd, Middle English scand), Middle English– sand. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Common Germanic (but not recorded in Gothic): Old English sand, sǫnd neuter = Old Frisian sond-, Old Saxon, Middle Low German sand, Middle Dutch sant, sand- (Dutch zand neuter), Old High German sant (Middle High German sant, sand-, modern German sand (masculine), dialect also neuter), Old Norse sand-r (masculine) (Swedish, Danish sand) < Germanic sando-, probably < earlier samdo-, samado- (? whence Old High German samat, Middle High German sampt) corresponding to Greek ἄμαθος. 1. a. A material consisting of comminuted fragments and water-worn particles of rocks (mainly silicious) finer than those of which gravel is composed; often spec. as the material of a beach, desert, or the bed of a river or sea. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand sandc825 gravela1300 c825 [see sense 2a]. c1000 Ælfric Exodus ii. 12 Þa ofsloh he þone Egiptiscan and behidde hyne on þam sande. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14802 & drihhtin þær to clæf þe sæ..& sett itt upp onn eȝȝþerr hallf All all se tweȝȝenn walless. & tær bitwenenn wass þe sand All harrd to ganngenn onne. c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame i. 486 Al the feld nas but of sond As smal as man may see yet lye In the desert of Libye. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12527 A nedder stert vte of þe sand, And stanged Iam in þe hand. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cci. 182 A drope of drye blode and smale sond cleued on his hond. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Riii Rose vp & wente forthe and fylled a great sacke with sande. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) ii. iv. 168 And I as rich..As twenty Seas, if all their sand were pearle. View more context for this quotation 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 188 That finer Matter..vulgarly called Sand, being really no other than very small Pebles. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 102 Who taught the Nations..to..Build on the Wave, or Arch beneath the Sand? 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 1 254 Siliceous sand, flint, clay and loam, constitute the principal part of the soil. a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas iv, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 30 Ten times the Mother of the Months had..bidden..the billows to indent The sea-deserted sand. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 305 A shore of hard white sand Met the green herbage. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 132 As a rule both the gravel and the sand consist chiefly of the substance called silica. 1897 W. E. Gladstone E. Crisis 1 Every grain of sand is a part of the sea-shore. †b. poetic and rhetorically used for: The shore (of a sea); also ‘land’ as opposed to ‘sea’, esp. in (by) sea and sand. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > [noun] landc900 groundOE earthOE dry landa1225 sandc1275 dry1382 continent1590 fastland1680 terra firma1692 region1697 firm land1872 the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [noun] sea-warthc888 sea-rimOE sea-strandc1000 sandc1275 rive1296 bankc1350 sea-banka1375 sea-coasta1400 coastc1400 warthc1450 ripec1475 landsidec1515 seashore1526 banksidec1540 brinish brink1594 shorea1616 ore1652 outland1698 sea beach1742 table-shore1849 playa1898 treaty coast1899 treaty shore1901 beach1903 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 63 I þere Tyure he eode alond þer þa sea wasceð þat sond. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14476 So longe he ferde & þe se sailand, & kynges slow by se & sand. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10910 Þat all wroght..Sun and mone, and se and sand. a1400–50 Alexander 4299 And we sitt all-way so sure be sand & be wattir, þat na supowell vndire sonne seke we vs neuire. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 341 Þenne he [sc. Jonah] swepe to þe sonde in sluchched cloþes. c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 128 Er they myght be ware he [sc. Eolus] drofe hym on the sande. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiv. 170 Borne is newly in this land A kyng that shall weld se and sand. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ix. 89 Mahowne the menske, my lord kyng, And saue the by see and sand. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 589 He tuke the se,..In Ingland syne arryuit at ane sand, With all his power thair passit to the land. c. With a and plural. A sandbank, shoal. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > reef > sandbank > [noun] sand-ridgec1000 hurst1398 shelp1430 sand1495 ayre1539 bar1587 knock1587 sandbank1589 middle ground1653 middle1702 overslaugh1755 sandbar1767 sea-bank1828 tow-head1829 wharf1867 whale1905 horse1926 1495 Acts Court Requests (1592) 11 De..spoliatione dictae nauis..existentis in periculo infra le Goodwine sandes in mari. 1550 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue (new ed.) i. ix. sig. Fiii But you leaue all anker holde, on seas or lands. And so set vp shop, vpon Goodwyns sands. 1555 H. Latimer Let. 15 May in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. ii. xxxvi. 99 They that have buylded upon a Sande, wilbe affraied, thoughe they se but a Clowde aryse. 1588 N. Gorges in State Papers Defeat Spanish Armada (1894) I. 357 On the 30th of July, passing through the sands, we were becalmed. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 504 A ship (called Saint Peter) fell vpon sands..and split. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 97 Williams... What thinkes he of our estate? King. Euen as men wrackt vpon a Sand, that looke to be washt off the next Tyde. 1738 Weddell Voy. up Thames 42 On a sudden our Ship struck on a Sand. 1815 Chron. in Ann. Reg. 95 She struck on a sand about three or four miles from Yarmouth. 1877 T. H. Huxley Physiography 181 The position of the principal sands in the estuary of the Thames. d. A sandy soil. Chiefly plural. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > sandy soil sand1610 rosil1691 limon1890 orterde1928 arenosol1968 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 547 The West part is taken up with the Forrest of Shirewood..This part because it is sandy, the inhabitants tearme The Sand, the other..the Clay. 1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 19 As of Sands, so are there as different sorts of Clays. 1794 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Suffolk 22 On bad sands trefoile and ray grass are chosen. 1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 434 Sands.—Some of the best description nearly approach to hazel moulds. 1830 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. 434 Light Sands. e. A grain of sand. (See also 2a, 5.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > sand > grain of sand1596 grit1601 millet seed1891 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a piece or bit > a particle > hard and round cornc888 grainc1290 kernelc1450 cornel1590 sand1596 granule1652 kern1753 parvule1887 1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. H2 As many sands as these my hands can hold, Are but my handful of so many sands. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 120 One Sand another Not more resembles that sweet Rosie Lad [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 34 Clay consisted of most exceeding smooth and round Sands of several opacous colours. f. Geology and Mining. A stratum of sand or soft sandstone. oil sand: see oil sand n. at oil n.¹ Compounds 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > stratum or bed > bed of stone or sand pendle1706 picking-bed1749 sand1849 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > sand sand-bed?a1500 scalping1747 sand1849 1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 45 ‘The sand’ is a stratum of soft sandstone, frequently met with in sinking through the lower new red sandstone. 1894 Geol. Mag. Oct. 464 Fawn-coloured Sands and Marls. g. Golf. Sand-holes or bunkers on a course. to be in sand, to be ‘bunkered’. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > golf course > [noun] > hazards hazard1744 blind hazard1816 bunker1824 sand-bunker1824 sand1842 break-club1857 water hazard1889 trap1890 casual water1899 pot bunker1899 sand-trap1922 1842 G. F. Carnegie in Golfiana Misc. (1887) 82 ‘Give me the iron!’ either party cries, As in the quarry, track, or sand he lies. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 466/1 Balls in Sand—When a ball lies in a sand bunker [etc.]. h. Soil Science. Applied spec. to particles whose sizes fall within a specified range, and to soils having a specified proportion of such particles (see quots.). Hence sand-size n.adj. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > particle size > specific size sand1873 silt1873 1873 E. W. Hilgard in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 106 337 (table) Coarse Sand, 80–90 (1/180) mm... Finest Sand 20–22 (1/180) mm. 1900 R. Warington Lect. Physical Properties Soil i. 8 Coarse sand 0·5–1·00 mm... Fine sand 0·1–0·25 mm. 1925 P. Emerson Soil Characteristics i. 6 The different soil particles are designated according to size as follows... Very coarse sand 2·0 to 1·0 millimeters... Very fine sand 0·1 to 0·05 millimeter. 1925 P. Emerson Soil Characteristics i. 7 The United States Bureau of Soils recognizes the following classes [of soil]:..Sand: more than 25 per cent very coarse, coarse and medium sand, less than 50 per cent fine sand, more than 20 per cent silt and clay. 1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility ii. 8 Based on size of soil particles there are three fractions, sand, silt and clay. 1957 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 65 485/1 It might be possible to subdivide further the material in this core from a sedimentological point of view into two components: (1) material of sand size.., and (2) lutite. 1964 K. W. Butzer Environment & Archeol. x. 158 The modified Wentworth grade scale..is most widely used in North America. It has the following logarithmic subdivisions:..sand 0·064–2 mm., silt 0.004–0·064 mm... The non-logarithmic, modified Atterberg scale widely used in Europe has slightly different nomenclature... coarse sand 0·2–2·0 mm... fine sand 0·02–0·06 mm., silt 0·002–0·02 mm. 1971 Gloss. Soil Sci. Terms (Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.) 14/2 Sand, a soil particle between 0·05 and 2·0 mm in diameter. 1971 Gloss. Soil Sci. Terms (Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.) 18/1 Sand, soil material that contains 85% or more of sand; percentage of silt, plus 1·5 times the percentage of clay, shall not exceed 15. 1972 J. G. Cruickshank Soil Geogr. ii. 55 The products of physical weathering are usually large on the particle size scale; that is, they are stone, gravel, or sand size and less commonly as small as silt size. i. A fashion shade resembling the colour of sand. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > yellowish brown honey colour1571 hair-colour1615 butternut1810 cinnamon-brown1826 honey1888 cinnamon1895 walnut1895 golden oak1898 almond1923 Sahara1923 sand1923 sandalwood1926 1923 Daily Mail 13 Feb. 13/2 (advt.) Artificial silk hose..in black, white, beaver, nude, cinnamon, sand, suede. 1930 Daily Express 6 Oct. 5/6 (advt.) Imitation nutria fur sets... In dark grey, fawn, beaver, sand, and nutria. 1971 Guardian 28 Sept. 11/2 (caption) Quilted raincoat... In sand, orchid, or damson. 1979 Country Life 24 May (Suppl.) 55 (advt.) The new Renault 5..comes in black, silver, blue or sand. 2. In various metaphorical and similative uses. a. With reference to the innumerability of the grains composing sand. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude sandc825 thousandc1000 un-i-rimeOE legiona1325 fernc1325 multitudec1350 hundred1362 abundancec1384 quantityc1390 sight1390 felec1394 manyheada1400 lastc1405 sortc1475 infinityc1480 multiplie1488 numbers1488 power1489 many1525 flock1535 heapa1547 multitudine1547 sort1548 myriads1555 myriads1559 infinite1563 tot-quot1565 dickera1586 multiplea1595 troop1596 multitudes1598 myriad1611 sea-sands1656 plurality1657 a vast many1695 dozen1734 a good few1756 nation1762 vast1793 a wheen (of)1814 swad1828 lot1833 tribe1833 slew1839 such a many1841 right smart1842 a million and one1856 horde1860 a good several1865 sheaf1865 a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869 immense1872 dunnamuch1875 telephone number1880 umpty1905 dunnamany1906 skit1913 umpteen1919 zillion1922 gang1928 scrillion1935 jillion1942 900 number1977 gazillion1978 fuckload1984 c825 Vesp. Psalter lxxvii. 27 & rinde ofer hie swe swe dust flæsc & swe swe sond sæs ða flegendan gefiðrede. a1300 Cursor Mundi 2571 Þe barns þat o þe sal bred Namar sal þou þam cun rede, Þan sterns on light and sand in see. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iii. 33 A heart As full of sorrowes, as the Sea of sands . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 903 They..Swarm populous, unnumber'd as the Sands Of Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil. View more context for this quotation 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna xi. xxiii. 248 Great People: as the sands shalt thou become. b. With reference to its instability as a foundation or a constructive material. rope of sand: see rope n.¹ Phrases 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > instability or lack of support sandc975 unstayedness1874 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > unsteady movement > [noun] > tottering > quality of being tottering or unstable > typically unstable thing sandc975 c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. vii. 26 Gelic..were..se ðe getimberde hus his on sonde. 1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Biii^v It is a token that your foundacion was buylded vpon the Sand. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 84 Cowards whose harts are all as false As stayers of sand . View more context for this quotation 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 346 They cannot bear to hear the sands of his Mississippi compared with the rock of the church. 1817 P. B. Shelley To Ld. Chancellor xi Their error—That sand on which thy crumbling power is built. 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi III. ix. ii. 194 Schemes of sand. 1874 A. Trollope Phineas Redux I. vi. 53 I complain of no injustice. Our castle was built upon the sand. 1905 G. L. Dickinson Mod. Symposium 77 I have been watching..one building after another laboriously raised by each speaker in turn, only to collapse ignominiously at the first touch administered by his successor. And why? For the ancient reason, that the structures were built upon the sand. 1920 J. Galsworthy In Chancery ii. iii. 151 She put out her hand to him. ‘I feel you're a rock.’ ‘Built on sand,’ answered Jolyon. 1963 Times 9 Jan. 4/2 On slower courts the story with Hughes would be different, but here, where even the best stroke is not an outright winner until it has died, his game is indeed built on sand. c. In phrases implying the exercise or employment of fruitless labour. to plough the sands: see plough v. Phrases 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > [noun] > a profitless undertaking > object or result of sand1576 pigeon's milk1777 1576 A. Fleming tr. Solon in Panoplie Epist. 194 I am in beliefe (I may peraduenture sowe my seede in the sande) that you will doe nothing vnto me. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 218 b Surely I shall seeme to measure the sandes, when I enter uppon the gulfe of thys Romish Ierarchy. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Audley Court in Poems (new ed.) II. 44 I might as well have traced it in the sands. d. to bury (or hide) one's head in the sand (and allusive variants): to ignore unpleasant realities.In some quots. with direct reference to the legendary belief that an ostrich buries its head in sand when threatened. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore [verb (intransitive)] overhipa1325 to hide one's facea1382 to look aside1530 to look beside ——1533 not to hear on that side1548 to look through the fingers1549 to pull away the shoulder1560 connive1602 to turn a (also the) blind eye1698 to bury (or hide) one's head in the sand1844 Nelson eye1893 not to want to know1948 1844 E. B. Barrett Let. 11 Jan. (1954) 212 But the squeamishness of this Age,..this Ostrich age..which exposes its own eggs, and then hides its head in the sand,..is really to me quite monstrous. 1899 W. H. D. Rouse in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives VI. 345 Like the ostrich that hides his head in the sand. 1916 W. Wilson in N.Y. Times 2 Feb. 1/1 America cannot be an ostrich with its head in the sand. 1929 L. MacNeice in Oxf. Poetry 24 Asking..Whether it would not be better To hide one's head in the warm sand of sleep. 1937 F. P. Crozier Men I Killed vii. 137 Our new system of rearmament is at least..encouraging our Colonel Blimps to hide their heads, stupidly like the ostrich, in the sand! 1946 E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh iii. 201 He thrusts his head down on his arms like an ostrich hiding its head in the sand. 1976 Star (Sheffield) 29 Oct. 10/4 The people of England should not bury their heads in the sand and say it can't happen here. 3. plural. Tracts of sand: a. along a shore, estuary, etc. or composing the bed of a river or sea. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [noun] > sandy sea-sandsc1420 sands1450 1450 W. Lomnor in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 36 [He] leyde his body on the sondes of Dover. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxxiiij^v The Cardinall receiued hym on the Sandes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 377 Come vnto these yellow sands . View more context for this quotation 1709 A. Pope Spring in Poet. Misc.: 6th Pt. 727 O'er Golden Sands let rich Pactolus flow. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 224 The great Rhine..a part of which is no doubt lost in the sands, a little above Leyden. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna xii. xvii. 258 A melody, like waves on wrinkled sands that leap. 1858 C. Kingsley Andromeda & Other Poems 53 (title) The Sands of Dee. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 240 They found a naked child upon the sands Of dark Tintagil by the Cornish sea. b. Sandy or desert wastes. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > barren land or desert > sandy sandsa1547 red country1714 a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Div May he..fall before hys tyme vnburyed amyd the sandes. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xxi. 110 The long desarts and sandes, whereby they must passe. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies ii. xiii. 112 Why is all the coast of Peru, being ful of sands, very temperate? 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 355 Her barbarous Sons..spread Beneath Gibraltar to the Lybian sands . View more context for this quotation a1771 T. Gray tr. T. Tasso in Wks. (1814) II. 91 Oceans unknown, inhospitable sands! 1781 W. Cowper Friendship 184 So barren sands imbibe the show'r, But render neither fruit nor flow'r. a1822 P. B. Shelley tr. P. Calderon Scenes from Magico Prodigioso in Posthumous Poems (1824) 381 A pirate ambushed in its pathless sands. 1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain I. vii. 118 We were in the midst of sands, brushwood, and huge pieces of rock. figurative.1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III iii. 4 A sterile track..O'er which all heavily the journeying years Plod the last sands of life,—where not a flower appears. †c. Phrase. (Sc.) to leave or put (a person) to the long sands: apparently, to leave in the lurch, to place in a difficulty. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1671 in Fountainhall's Decision in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) II. 539 It would appear Udney transacts for the haill [sc. bond for the payment of himself and Pitreichy], pays himself, and leaves Pitreichy to the lang sands. a1679 J. Brown Life of Faith (1824) i. ii. 33 How quickly were they put again to the long sands (as we say). 4. a. As used for various economic purposes; also, as an adulterant. fire of sand = sand-fire n. at Compounds 2a. ΚΠ 1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 6 §1 Without eny more oyle brene moistur dust sonde or other thyng deceyvably puttyng to..the same Webbe. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 265/1 Sande to skoure vessell with, sablon. 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities ii. vi. 345 The saline Corpuscles are distill'd over in a moderate Fire of Sand. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxiii. 233 The walls had been cleaned..and everything..was..shining with soft soap and sand. 1850 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. III. 1090 Sand, which is nearly pure silex, is used in sawing and smoothing building stones and marbles. 1857 A. H. Hassall Adulterations Detected 188 There is..but little foundation for the tales we hear about the presence of sand in sugar. b. as an ingredient of mortar. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > sand > [noun] sand1427 1427–8 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 69 Also payd for a lode sonde.. vd. 1455–6 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 290 The sayd Jhon shall repeyre sayd towyr and slype..with lym and scand. 1702 R. Neve Apopiroscopy i. 6 This Mortar is made of Lime..and Brook-Sand. 1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. liv. 293 His system, as Caius said of his style, was sand without lime. c. as used to dry wet ink-marks. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > other writing equipment > [noun] > materials for blotting blotting-paper1519 pin-dust1561 blotter1591 blotting-book1598 writing dust1646 writing sand1656 sucking-papera1665 pounce1704 sand1753 blotting-pad1857 blotting1872 roller1875 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. White Sands... 1. A fine shining kind, commonly used for strewing over writing. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. viii. 189 In writing, where there is neither sand, blotting paper, nor a fire, to dry it. 1860 All Year Round 21 Apr. 33 He was continually shaking sand from a pepper-box over scrawling entries in marble-covered copy-books. d. as used in making founders' moulds; spec. a mixture of common sand with a binding material. dry sand; green sand: see green adj. 6e. facing sand, parting sand: see facing n., parting n. ΚΠ 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 518 The experienced moulder knows how to mix the different sands placed at his disposal. 5. The sand of a sand-glass or hourglass; also, with a and plural, a grain of this. Chiefly figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > time > [noun] > stretch, period, or portion of time > amount of time left sand1557 the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > hourglass > part of sand1557 neck-hole1674 neck-plate1674 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. R.ii^v I saw, my tyme how it did runne, as sand out of the glasse. 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xxii. 1 Now our sands are almost run. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) i. iv. 26 The Sands are numbred, that makes vp my Life. View more context for this quotation a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) Soliloquy ix. 46 Deaths impartiall hand Wounds all alike, and death will give no sand. 1734 A. Pope Epist. to Visct. Cobham 11 Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand, Yet tames not this: it sticks to our last sand. 1837 B. Disraeli Venetia III. 112 The remaining sands of my life are few. 1899 J. Chamberlain Speech in Times 28 Aug. 6/4 Will he [sc. President Kruger] speak the necessary words. The sands are running down in the glass. †6. = arena n. literal and figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > [noun] > place for public shows > amphitheatre > arena sand1587 sand-plot1619 arena1627 1587 F. Thynne Ann. Scotl. Pref. 406 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Thus hauing laid before thee, that he writeth best that trulie writeth publike affaires, that I was commanded by my deere freends to enter into this sand. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 25 Andreas Laurentius hath taken worthy paines, and sweate much in this sande. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. (1636) iii. xxi. 241 That citizens should encounter citizens, as if they were fencers..in the heart and forum of the city, as in a fighting ground or theatral sand. 7. slang. a. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > unrefined or brown sugar red sugar?a1425 black sugarc1430 panele1562 Canary sugar1568 soft sugar1581 muscovado1592 moist sugar1604 cassonade1657 brown sugar1704 bastard1766 Lisbon1767 bastard sugar1785 moist1809 sand1819 panela1830 piloncillo1844 pilonci1845 penuche1847 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 203 Sand, moist sugar. 1823 P. Egan Grose's Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (rev. ed.) 1918 L. E. Ruggles Navy Explained 20 Bread is called ‘punk’; sugar, ‘sand’. 1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 86/1 Pass the sand, pass the sugar. 1945 California Folklore Q. 19 Oct. 46 Joe with cow and sand. 1971 M. Tak Truck Talk 100 Load of sand, a cargo of sugar. b. Chiefly U.S. Firmness of purpose; pluck, stamina. sand in one's craw. Cf. grit n.¹ 5. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > moral courage > stoicism > [noun] stoicism1630 grit1825 pecker1845 sand1867 stiff-upper-lippery1961 stiffupperlippishness1973 the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [noun] > capacity for moral effort or endurance thildc950 strengthOE dureec1330 rankc1400 tolerance1412 adamant1445 toleration1531 validity1578 durance1579 bent1604 strongness1650 duress1651 strength1667 durableness1740 stamina1803 willpower1842 backbone1843 thewness1860 sand1867 upbearing1885 wiriness1892 gut1893 sisu1926 1867 G. W. Harris Sut Lovingood 102 I tell yu he hes lots ove san' in his gizzard; he is the best pluck I ever seed. 1872 Newton Kansan 5 Dec. 3/3 We hope to see Mr. Pettibone with sufficient ‘sand in his craw’ for this new position [sc. police judge]. 1874 B. Harte in N.Y. Times 28 June 2/7 Blank me if I didn't think he was losing his sand, till he walked to position. 1881 N.Y. Times 18 Dec. in Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 5 65/2 Sand. To have ‘sand in one's craw’; to be determined and plucky. Equivalent to ‘grit’. 1883 E. Ingersoll in Harper's Mag. Jan. 202 Good, solid man he was, too, with heaps of sand in him. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn viii. 65 When I got to camp I warn't feeling very brash, there warn't much sand in my craw. 1924 J. Galsworthy Forest iv. ii. 120 By Jove, Mr. Farrell, there's sand in you. Tell me, isn't he ever ashamed of himself? 1933 J. Buchan Prince of Captivity iii. i. 264 A plain face with nothing showy about it, but all the horse-sense and sand in the world. 1954 ‘W. Henry’ Death of Legend 4 You losing your sand, Buck? c. to raise sand (U.S.): to create a disturbance; to make a fuss. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > riotous excitement > behave with riotous excitement [verb (intransitive)] rehayte1526 tear1602 to play up1849 to whoop things up1873 to raise sand1892 to raise (also kick up, play, etc.) merry hell1931 to go ape1955 to go (also drive) bananas1957 1892 Dial. Notes 1 231 ‘To raise sand’ is slang [in Kentucky] for to get furiously angry, the same as ‘to raise Cain’. 1893 H. A. Shands Some Peculiarities Speech Mississippi 74 Raise sand,..to create a disturbance, to raise a row. 1948 Sun (Baltimore) 1 Dec. 17/4 Boudreau raised sand but the decision stuck. 1970 C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 96 Raise sand,..to make an outcry; to brawl; to fight. 8. Anatomy and Pathology. Applied to various substances resembling sand, present either normally or as pathological products in certain animal organs or secretions. brain sand: see quot. 1856; also called pineal sand (Syd. Soc. Lex.). urinary sand: a substance of finer particles than those of gravel (gravel n. 4). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > internal organs > [noun] > substance present in sand1577 the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > substance present in sand1577 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > concretion > sandy or granular substance sand1577 writer's sand1660 saburra1710 1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes i. f. 19 The chief vertue that it hath, is in the paine of the stone in the Kidneis and Raines, and in expellyng of Sande and stone. 1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 60 A Seaman much troubled with Sand and gross Humors, eating of it..found so much benefit [etc.]. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 503 Urinary sand..is of two kinds, White and Red. 1856 J. W. Griffith & A. Henfrey Micrographic Dict. 605/1 Brain-sand, or the acervulus cerebri, is found in the pineal gland and the choroid plexus, sometimes also in the pia mater [etc.]. 1890 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch Clin. Diagnosis vii. 205 Concretions of considerable size are occasionally to be seen with the naked eye in the urine (urinary sand). Compounds C1. General Combinations. a. (a) Simple attributive. sand-barge n. ΚΠ 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxvi. 287 We were as deep as a sand-barge. 1887 S. Samuels From Forecastle to Cabin 197 My ship was loaded as deep as a sand barge. sand-bay n. ΚΠ a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1860) 22 A sand-bay where it is good anchoring. sand-beach n. ΚΠ 1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 151 The Sand-Birds..frequent our Sand-Beaches. a1734 J. Comer in Rhode Island Hist. Soc. Coll. (1893) 8 50 A schooner..was cast on shore, on a sand beach at Westport. 1806 Deb. Congr. U.S. (1852) 9th Congress 2 Sess. App. 1117 They passed a number of sand-beaches, and some rapids. 1878 S. Lanier Marshes of Glynn in Poems 54 Softly the sand-beach wavers away. sand-canyon n. ΚΠ 1939 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Journey to War 120 Sand-canyons, guarded by fantastic sandy spires and pinnacles. sand-cart n. ΚΠ 1788 W. Cowper Let. 1 Feb. (1982) III. 93 Thinking myself an Ass and my translation a Sandcart. 1825 J. Constable Let. 1 Aug. (1966) IV. 97 A scene on Hampstead Heath, with broken foreground and sand carts. 1834 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 3 233/3 It was like subjecting a pampered palfrey all of a sudden, to the sorrows of the sand-cart. 1923 Glasgow Herald 30 Jan. 9 There is generally a so-called sandcart, a sort of squat fly with an awning for two. sand down n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > sand-hill sand-hillc725 dene1278 down1523 sand down1604 dune1605 hummock1793 towan1803 sand-dune1830 medano1839 sea-bank1858 barchan1888 whaleback1918 fore-dune1921 seif1925 1604 E. Grimeston tr. True Hist. Siege Ostend 14 The Souldiers were forced to recouer the..sande downes. 1856 C. J. Andersson Lake Ngami 157 Soil as yielding as that of an English sand-down. sand-dune n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > sand-hill sand-hillc725 dene1278 down1523 sand down1604 dune1605 hummock1793 towan1803 sand-dune1830 medano1839 sea-bank1858 barchan1888 whaleback1918 fore-dune1921 seif1925 1830–33 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (1847) xxi. 312 By the aid of embankments and the sand dunes of the coast. 1899 C. Reid Orig. Brit. Flora 13 Many of the sand-dune..species are more properly desert plants. sand-flat n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain > types of sand-flat1773 alluvial plain1803 sand-plain1818 sandveld1824 tundra1841 bench-land1845 salt flat1873 panfan1915 panplain1933 pediplain1935 soda plain1946 1773 in E. W. McMullen Eng. Topogr. Terms in Florida (1953) 190 From this point runs a sand flat 1¹/ ₆ mile from the shore of Anastasia Island. 1794 Trans. Soc. Promotion Agric., Arts, & Manuf. (U.S.) 1 143 He..kept him in a very poor pasture adjoining a creek where creek-thatch grew on sand-flats. 1826 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. II. 41 The dead fish that frequently are found about the sand-flats of rivers. 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 516/2 Locality... The sand-flats of the Cape of Good Hope. 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. 349 Two thousand men were in arms upon the sandflats towards Deal. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. iii. [Proteus] 41 Unwholesome sandflats waited to suck his treading soles. sand-grain n. ΚΠ 1895 Outing 26 27/1 Dusty with little sand-grains. sand heap n. ΚΠ 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 19^v A little before plowing time, they scatter abroad those..small Sand heapes vpon the ground. 1854 C. M. Yonge Heartsease II. iii. xv. 327 I hope she will take her down to the sand-heap, where the children have been luxuriating all morning. 1974 Times 5 Oct. 12/2 That sand-heap played a large part in his method of teaching. sand-island n. ΚΠ 1840 E. A. Poe Jrnl. of Julius Rodman in Wks. (1902) IV. 43 Sand-island. 1975 Offshore Engineer Dec. 16/3 A sand island could engulf a conventional steel or concrete platform. sand-knoll n. ΚΠ 1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist iv. 200 A ring of tufted sand knolls. sand-land n. ΚΠ 1670 A. Martindale Let. 2 Dec. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1970) VII. 294 Our upland againe is either Clay-land, blacke-land or sand-land: (for that which some men make a distinct kind from all those viz Foxe-land is onely a browner and stiffer sort of sand-land). 1766 Compl. Farmer (at cited word) The grey, black, and ash-coloured sand-land are the worst of all. 1963 Times 10 June 7/1 This is 73 percent above the average of 16 other sandland farms carrying cattle and sheep as well as growing corn. 1972 Plant Dis. Reporter LVI. 695 This pathogen spread rapidly into all the tomato sand-land areas of Florida. sand-line n. ΚΠ 1891 W. B. Yeats John Sherman & Dhoya ii. 185 By the..edge of the lake..there suddenly stood before him a slight figure, at the edge of the narrow sand-line, dark against the glowing water. sand-mound n. ΚΠ 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It v. 51 He..climbs the nearest sand-mound, and gazes into the distance. sand-pile n. ΚΠ 1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 8 Apr. 4/2 Organized playgrounds were a valuable asset to any city—a playground in which there were sandpiles and wading pools for the little ones. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 30 Oct. 16/5 She recalls playing ‘kick the can’ and burying each other in sand piles. sand-reef n. ΚΠ 1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi xxiv. 267 You can tell a sand-reef—that's all easy. 1973 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. lx. 8 The mainland is..cut off from the Atlantic by the long lines of sand reefs called the Outer Banks. sand-rip n. (rip n.⁵). ΚΠ 1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 195 They lie in wait for them on the sand-rips and catch them as they swim over. sand-sack n. ΚΠ 1889 W. B. Yeats Wanderings of Oisin iii. 49 But prone on the pathway, prone struggling, They lay 'neath the sand-sack at length. sand-sea n. ΚΠ 1936 M. H. Mason Paradise of Fools xix. 218 When we finally get stuck in the middle of the Sand Sea..you'll have to carry everything. 1976 L. Deighton Twinkle, twinkle, Little Spy ii. 13 This road skirted the edges of the Sahara's largest sand-seas. sand-shore n. ΚΠ 1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 163 The waste sand-shores. sand-spit n. ΚΠ 1854 V. Lush Jrnl. 5 Feb. (1971) 151 The boat beat about all the afternoon and towards evening ran fast upon the sandspit off the mouth of the Mungamungaroa Creek. 1910 S. P. Hyatt Diary of Soldier of Fortune xv. 161 The town..stands on a little sandspit which juts out from a mangrove-circled bay. 1934 Discovery May 130/1 One result of the storm was that a sand spit was built out across a bay. 1974 National Geographic Dec. 785/1 Its reef supported two islets, one a mere sandspit and the other some 350 yards long. sand-stretch n. ΚΠ 1930 E. Pound Draft of XXX Cantos ii. 9 Glare azure of water, cold-welter, close cover. Quiet sun-tawny sand-stretch. sand-vein n. ΚΠ 1922 E. Blunden Shepherd 28 Where the sand-vein still bubbles its clear spring. sand-waste n. ΚΠ 1817 S. T. Coleridge Blessed are ye that Sow 26 The unprofitable sand-waste. (b) With the sense ‘made of sand.’ sand core n. ΚΠ 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 474 The sand cores for filling up that part of the shell which is to be hollow. sand walk n. ΚΠ 1766 Compl. Farmer at Walk Sand walks are also frequently made in gardens. (c) Employed in the storing, carrying, working, etc. of sand. sand bin n. ΚΠ 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Bin, a trough..in..foundries, used as a convenient receptacle for sand..for..the moulder. sand creel n. (creel n.¹ 1). ΚΠ 1402–3 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 217 2 panyhers, 1 par de sande crelys. sand-scoop n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Sand-scoop, a shovel for obtaining sand from the bottom of the river. sand-wheel n. ΚΠ 1883 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 74 338 Sand-wheel Motor... A large overshot wheel operated by sand instead of water. 1892 P. Benjamin Mod. Mech. 589 Sand Wheels [in ore-dressing machinery] are..elevators..for raising the..tailings. b. Objective and objective genitive. (a) sand-castor n. ΚΠ 1897 ‘H. S. Merriman’ In Kedar's Tents xxv. 281 Vincente was writing at the table... He smiled as he shook the small sand-castor over the paper. 1924 A. E. W. Mason House of Arrow xiii. 153 Pen-tray, candlestick, sand-castor and all were of the pink Battersea enamel. 1940 R. Graves Sergeant Lamb of Ninth 206 The chest was filled with pens, ink, paper, sand-castors. sand crusher n. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Sand Crusher and Washer. sand-elevator n. ΚΠ 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 750 The sand..is again lifted by the sand-elevator. sand mixer n. ΚΠ 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Mixer, a machine used in mixing sand for foundry use. sand-rammer n. ΚΠ 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 802/2 The sand-rammers employed in making foundry moulds. sand-shaker n. ΚΠ 1958 Washington Post 26 June a1/8 They [sc. microphones] would be located where the old and now empty ‘sand shakers’, once used as blotters, are placed on each desk. 1972 Country Life 3 Feb. 272/3 It [sc. a 1652 inkstand] opens to reveal.. on the right a sand-shaker. 1975 New Yorker 26 May 105/3 (advt.) Sterling Silver Salt and Pepper Reproductions of the original sand shakers used by George Washington at Mt. Vernon. sand sifter n. ΚΠ 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Sifter, a machine made for sifting foundry sand. sand-strewer n. ΚΠ 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 414 Through rising fog a dragon sandstrewer, travelling at caution, slews heavily down upon him, its huge red headlight winking. (b) sand-loving adj. ΚΠ 1915 E. R. Lankester Diversions of Naturalist 17 The rare sand-loving plants of the dunes. 1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 505 Sand-loving species such as the tectibranch gastropod Philine aperta. sand-teasing adj. ΚΠ 1865 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 26 Eye greeting doves bright-counter to the rook, Fresh brooks to salt sand-teasing waters shoaly. c. Instrumental. sand-blanched adj. ΚΠ 1932 W. Faulkner Light in August v. 105 A smooth, sandblanched floor. sand-blown adj. ΚΠ 1907 C. C. Brown China in Legend & Story 139 Low dunes and sand-blown farmsteads. sand-built adj. ΚΠ 1788 T. Dwight Triumph of Infidelity 7 As sand-built domes dissolve before the stream,..The structure fled. 1830 Ld. Tennyson Ode to Memory v, in Poems 63 A sandbuilt ridge. 1916 J. Joyce Portrait of Artist iv. 186 The music passed..over the fantastic fabrics of his mind, dissolving them painlessly and noiselessly as a sudden wave dissolves the sandbuilt turrets of children. sand-buried adj. ΚΠ 1888 Daily News 3 July 6/1 The sand-buried cities of Western Mongolia. 1960 W. H. Auden Homage to Clio 58 A sand-buried site. sand-cleaned adj. ΚΠ 1891 W. B. Yeats John Sherman & Dhoya 17 Our sand-cleaned doorsteps. sand-faced adj. ΚΠ 1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Sept. 668/2 Hand-made and sand-faced [tiles]. 1976 Liverpool Echo 7 Dec. 11/2 They were hand-made, sand-faced Flemish bricks, mellowed by time and totally irreplaceable. sand-hemmed adj. ΚΠ 1852 M. Arnold Consolation 27 In a lone, sand hemm'd City of Africa. sand-invested adj. ΚΠ 1870 H. W. Longfellow Div. Trag. 1st Pass. ii. iii The vast desert, silent, sand-invested. sand-laden adj. ΚΠ 1902 D. G. Hogarth Nearer East 72 The chief ranges run north and south, weathered to fantastic outlines by the sand-laden winds and keen frosts of winter nights. 1955 P. Larkin Less Deceived 41 Those few forbidding signs Of the continuous coarse Sand-laden wind, time. sand-obliterated adj. ΚΠ 1938 D. Gascoyne Hölderlin's Madness 47 The sand-obliterated face. sand-rubbed adj. ΚΠ 1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room i. 13 Wind-swept, sand-rubbed, a more unpolluted piece of bone existed nowhere. sand-silted adj. ΚΠ 1945 C. Mann in W. Murdoch & H. Drake-Brockman Austral. Short Stories (1951) 259 It broke through the sand-silted block. sand-smothered adj. ΚΠ 1924 D. H. Lawrence & M. L. Skinner Boy in Bush 11 Clogged,..sand-smothered, that's what we are. sand-stained adj. ΚΠ 1916 A. Huxley Burning Wheel 50 Who marked the land-weeds and the sand-stained foam. sand-strewn adj. ΚΠ 1849 M. Arnold Forsaken Merman 35 Sand-strewn caverns, cool and deep. d. Parasynthetic. sand-beached adj. ΚΠ 1895 R. Kipling Second Jungle Bk. 166 Some granite-tipped, sand-beached islet. sand-bottomed adj. ΚΠ 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 12 Sand-bottomed, clear but not shallow streams. sand-rimmed adj. ΚΠ 1857 J. G. Whittier Poet. Wks. II. 231 Mine the sand-rimmed pickerel pond. sand-roofed adj. ΚΠ 1845 H. W. Longfellow Belfry of Bruges 50 Whole villages of sand-roofed tents. sand-wharfed adj. ΚΠ 1930 E. Blunden Poems 318 So unexpected and so beautiful That they live on in the sand-wharfed pool. e. Adverbial, chiefly similative. (a) sand-blond adj. ΚΠ 1953 C. Day Lewis Ital. Visit ii. 32 The hills are sand-blond. sand-coloured adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [adjective] > brownish yellow ochry1567 olive-coloured1612 sand-coloured1627 shammy1661 buff-coloured1686 pea soup1703 ochreish1747 ochreous1761 buff1765 ochraceous1776 buff-colour1796 buffish1802 mustard-coloured1825 nankeen1838 buffy1842 ochre-coloured1845 mustardy1850 ochrous1877 buff-yellow1882 buff-washed1883 mustard1919 Sahara1923 wheaten1975 1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) ix. 822 Sand-colour'd Ammodytes. 1897 Daily News 9 Sept. 6/5 Sand-coloured cloth. sand-like adj. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adjective] > abundant, numerous so manyc888 thickc893 muchc1225 rifec1275 stourc1275 unridec1300 copiousc1384 plentya1400 rivedc1400 numerable?a1425 numerous?a1475 many a several1543 rank1545 numberous1566 huge1570 multuous1586 multeous1589 numberful1594 numberable1596 numbery1606 numbersomea1617 multitudinousa1631 sand-like1630 voluminous1650 several1712 smart1750 powerful1800 multitudinarious1810 multitudinary1838 1630 J. Taylor Siege Jerusalem in Wks. i. 10/1 [Adam] from whose Star-like, Sand-like Generation, Sprung euery Kindred, Kingdome, Tribe, and Nation. sand-sized adj. ΚΠ 1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. xx. 365/2 In them [sc. sandstones] the clay mineral occurs as large sand-sized aggregates. 1977 A. Hallam Planet Earth 24/2 Somewhat larger particles, sand-sized grains, offer sufficient air resistance to be briefly heated to incandescence by friction before being entirely destroyed in the upper atmosphere. sand-toned adj. ΚΠ 1916 Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 635/2 In the midst of the mass of sand-toned uniforms. (b) Locative. sand-bogged adj. ΚΠ 1959 A. Upfield Bony & Black Virgin xi. 88 Lots of drift sand now. We'd find it rougher in the ute. Be sand-bogged a lot. sand-burrowing adj. ΚΠ 1963 R. P. Dales Annelids i. 29 Such protonephridia..are found in phyllodocids and in the sandburrowing nephthyids. sand dwelling adj. ΚΠ 1911 F. O. Bower Plant-life on Land 128 Certain sand-dwelling plants. 1963 R. P. Dales Annelids ii. 43 In lugworms, in the fusiform sand-dwelling opheliids. sand-marooned adj. ΚΠ 1946 W. de la Mare Traveller 19 Meagre his saddlebag as camel's hump When, sand-marooned, she staggers to her doom. sand-mounded adj. ΚΠ 1921 W. de la Mare Veil & Other Poems 24 Rent hull, and broken mast, She sprawls sand-mounded. sand-wading adj. ΚΠ 1884 Cornhill Mag. May 459 We had an hour's sand-wading after leaving O-Bak. (c) sand-groping n. ΚΠ 1924 D. H. Lawrence & M. L. Skinner Boy in Bush 21 They walked off the timber platform into the sand, and Jack had his first experience of ‘sand-groping’. C2. a. Special combinations: sand-ball n. a kind of toilet soap (see quot. 1884). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > form of soap soft soap?a1425 washing-ball1538 ball1575 tablet1582 musk ball1589 liquid soap1600 soap-ball1601 wash-ball1601 savonette1702 brick soap1753 bar-soap1824 bar1834 sand-ball1846 soap powder1865 leaf1882 soap leaf1909 soap flakes1926 shower gel1970 1846 Lady Montefiore Jewish Man. iv. 212 Sand-balls are excellent for removing hardness of the hands. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Sand-balls. 1884 A. Watt Art of Soap-making xix. 164 Sand-Balls are made by incorporating with melted and perfumed soap certain proportions of fine river sand. sandbar n. a bank of sand formed at the mouth of a river or harbour by the action of the water; also, a sandbank in the course of a river or close to a beach. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > reef > sandbank > [noun] sand-ridgec1000 hurst1398 shelp1430 sand1495 ayre1539 bar1587 knock1587 sandbank1589 middle ground1653 middle1702 overslaugh1755 sandbar1767 sea-bank1828 tow-head1829 wharf1867 whale1905 horse1926 1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 55 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) Towards the opposite shore there is a sand-bar. 1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia ii. 9 The Missisipi, below the mouth of the Missouri, is always muddy, and abounding with sand bars, which frequently change their places. 1796 A. Ellicott Jrnl. (1803) 14 The fog was so thick that we could neither discover sand-bars nor logs. 1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 77 A great many sand-bars [in the Missouri River]. 1829 S. Cummings Western Pilot 7 There are..a great number of tow-heads and sand-bars. 1858 T. G. Vielé Following Drum 76 The ship..went to pieces on a sand-bar. 1897 Outing 30 50/2 This one sheet of water formed a small harbor to the lee of a sand-bar. 1935 M. M. Atwater Crime in Corn-weather i. 2 The little river—at this season no more than a network of shallow runnels between thirsty sand bars. 1968 W. Warwick Surfriding in N.Z. 10/3 At a beach break..the takeoff area is always changing due to drifting sand-bars. sandbar willow n. a North American shrub or small tree, Salix longifolia. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > willow and allies > [noun] > other types of willow red willow1547 water willow1583 goat's willow1597 rose willow1597 sweet willow1597 French willow1601 siler1607 palm-withy1609 sallowie1610 swallowtail willow1626 willow bay1650 black willow1670 crack-willow1670 grey willow1697 water sallow1761 almond willowa1763 swallow-tailed willow1764 swamp willow1765 golden osier1772 golden willow1772 purple willow1773 sand-willow1786 goat willow1787 purple osier1797 whipcord1812 Arctic willow1818 sage-willow1846 pussy willow1851 Kilmarnock willow1854 sweet-bay willow1857 pussy1858 palm willow1869 Spaniard1871 ground-willow1875 Spanish willow1875 snap-willow1880 diamond willow1884 sandbar willow1884 pussy palm1886 creeping willow1894 bat-willow1907 cricket bat willow1907 silver willow1914 1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 168 Sand-Bar Willow... Very common throughout the Mississippi River basin. 1975 M. C. Davis Near Woods v. 64 A natural hedge of sandbar willows accompanied us for twenty yards or so into the lake. sand-bat n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > sandstone water sill1817 post1876 sand-bat1876 sand-burr1876 1876 H. B. Woodward Geol. Eng. & Wales vii. 169 Beds of concretionary sandstone or sandy limestone called ‘sand bats’ or ‘sand burrs’. sand-battery n. (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] electric battery1774 pile1800 battery1801 trough1806 voltaic battery1812 voltaic pile1812 magnetomotor1823 trough battery1841 gas battery1843 gravity battery1870 sand-battery1873 Bunsen battery1879 gravitation battery1883 magazine batterya1884 perfluent batterya1884 1873 F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xv. §1 This [galvanic] battery is made more portable by filling the cells with sand... In this form it is called the common sand battery. sand-beach n. U.S. a beach consisting of, or covered with, sand. ΚΠ 1821 T. Nuttall Jrnl. Trav. Arkansa xiv. 276 The sand-beaches, as hot and cheerless as the African deserts. 1879 Harper's Mag. June 70/1 The shores are generally bluff with narrow strips of sand beach along the water's edge. † sand-bearded adj. Obsolete having a sandy-coloured beard. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [adjective] > beard > types of > having long-beardedc1400 red-bearded1552 white-bearded1555 whey-bearded1556 grey-bearded1562 black-bearded1577 barbatulousc1600 bush-bearded1615 big-bearded1620 sand-beardeda1641 goateed1847 brown-bearded1882 peach fuzz1932 peach-fuzzed1956 a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) i. iii. 23 A short-ffellowe..sand beareded, and squint eyde. sand belt n. an arid ridge of sand frequently extending many miles. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > ridge of sand full1749 wreath1772 wave1789 sand belt1865 yardang1904 1865 D. Wilson Prehist. Man (ed. 2) ii. 19 Superior Bay and its tributary rivers with their spits and sand-belts. 1881 F. Oates Matabele-Land (1889) 238 I went on with the waggons.., finally stopping on a sandbelt near a pan of water. sand-belt machine n. a variety of sand-papering machine. ΚΠ 1892 P. Benjamin Mod. Mech. 763 The sand-belt machine. sand-binder n. a plant which tends to hold loose or shifting sand. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > that grows in (and binds) sand sand plant1849 sand-binder1887 psammophile1888 psammophyte1903 1887 C. A. Moloney Sketch Forestry W. Afr. 390 Creeping and twining plant, found on the sea~shore; it is a good sand-binder. sand-blight n. = sandy blight n. at sandy adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > conjunctivitis or ophthalmitis > types of psorophthalmia1585 psorophthalmy1656 xerophthalmia1656 ophthalmia neonatorum1835 photophobophthalmia1842 sun blight1848 sand-blight1852 sandy blight1869 blepharoconjunctivitis1890 pink-eye1897 klieg eyes1923 bung eye1933 shipyard eye1943 red-eye1952 1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes I. ii. 85 In New South Wales these storms sometimes cause the eye-blight, or sand-blight, as the malady is indifferently called. sand blow n. the removal or deposition of large quantities of sand by the wind; a place where this has occurred. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > by wind, water, or ice > sand blow sand blow1922 1922 Chambers's Jrnl. 12 428/2 The drifting sand held sway... Towns and villages were devastated by it... Sand-blow alone did not complete the desolation. For months great areas were covered with water. 1934 Antiquity 8 182 Vast sand-blows begun by cattle breaking down the dunes. 1980 National Trust Spring 15/1 They were isolated from the sea by the extraordinary thirteenth- and fourteenth-century sand-blows. sand-blower n. (see quot. 1875). ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Sand-blower, a device for powdering with sand a freshly painted surface, in order to make it resemble stone. sand-body n. Geology a permeable underground mass of sand or sandstone (which may contain oil). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mass > [noun] > of sand or sandstone sand-body1910 1910 R. H. Johnson in Oil Investors' Jrnl. 20 Feb. 70/3 The necessity of conceiving the shape of the sand body as something different from the shape of the actual oil-containing reservoir is of great importance. 1910 R. H. Johnson in Oil Investors' Jrnl. 20 Feb. 70/3 I have found this of considerable value in predicting the shape of a ‘sand-body’. 1911 R. H. Johnson in Econ. Geol. VI. 809 In order to emphasize the importance of shape I have suggested that the term sand-body be adopted, from the analogy of the word ore-body, to describe the reservoir, i.e., continuous mass of sand or sandstones sufficiently porous to be capable of containing oil and gas in commercial quantities. 1927 Petroleum Devel. & Technol. 1926 (Amer. Inst. Mining Engin. Petroleum Div.) 202 He is also enabled to determine such vital subsurface conditions as (1) porosity, (2) density, (3) saturation, and (4) thickness of sandbodies. sand boil n. U.S. an eruption of water through the surface of the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > spring > [noun] > other types acidulae1670 redwater1712 blow-well1799 sand boil1937 1937 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 2 Feb. 1/8 Dread ‘sand boils’ bursting up in the heart of..Cairo [Illinois] forewarned of deeply undermined barriers guarding the..city today... The eruptions sprang from the terrific pressure of the flooded Ohio River waters slowly eating their way beneath the..levels. 1939 W. Faulkner Wild Palms 24 Even those who..had probably never before seen more water than a horse pond..could (and did) talk glibly of sandboils. 1954 Encounter Oct. 9/1 The owners of the..plantations along the Big River confederated..to hold the sandboils and the cracks. 1976 C. S. Brown Gloss. Faulkner's South 167 A sandboil must be neutralized promptly. This is done by building a wall of sandbags around it so that a column of water will be built up above it to equalize the pressure. sand bowls n. bowls for playing upon sand. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > [noun] > bowl bowlc1420 bias bowl1592 sand bowlsa1683 wood1884 yetling1895 a1683 Shaftesbury in Gentleman's Mag. (1754) 24 160/1 A bowling green..long but narrow, full of high ridges..; they used round sand bowls. sand brake n. an appliance for stopping a train by the automatic packing of the axles with sand. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > devices to retard or stop motion > brake or braking apparatus > types of handbrake1841 rubber1850 air brake1857 disc brake1865 power brake1865 hydraulic brake1874 vacuum-brake1875 rim brake1876 drum brake1882 sand brakea1884 calliper brake1904 rheostatic brake1920 callipers1972 a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 779/1 Sand Brake. sandbreak n. a patch of sandy ground in a landscape. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun] > sand sandbreak1883 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iii. xiii. 102 This even tint was indeed broken up by streaks of yellow sandbreak in the lower lands. sand-brush n. the brush or underwood of a sandy district. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > brushwood, scrub, or underwood ronea1300 underwooda1325 rammel1338 brushetc1380 scroga1400 bushailec1400 frithing1429 brushal1430 brushc1440 ronec1440 thevec1440 garsil1483 shroga1500 cablish1594 south-bois1598 undergrowth1600 frith1605 hand timber1664 subbois1664 urith1671 brushwood1732 bush-wood1771 underbrush1775 slop1784 woodiness1796 scrub1805 shag1836 chaparral1845 underbush1849 underscrub1870 sand-brush1871 buck-brush1874 bush1879 horizontal scrub1888 tangle-wood1894 shin-tangle1905 1871 C. Kingsley At Last i A little swamp of foul brown water, backed up by the sand-brush. sand-bunker n. a small well-fenced sandpit (Jamieson). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > golf course > [noun] > hazards hazard1744 blind hazard1816 bunker1824 sand-bunker1824 sand1842 break-club1857 water hazard1889 trap1890 casual water1899 pot bunker1899 sand-trap1922 1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xi. 223 All the gangrel bodies that ye..find cowering in a sand-bunker upon the links. sand-burned adj. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Sand-burned. sand burnt adj. of a casting, injured by the partial fusion of the sand in the mould. sand-burr n. = sand-bat n. (see also sand-bur n.). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > stratum by constitution > sandstone water sill1817 post1876 sand-bat1876 sand-burr1876 1876Sand burr [see sand-bat n.]. sand cake n. [translating German sandkuchen, sandtorte] a kind of cake which crumbles in the mouth. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > sponge-cake Savoy cake?1750 sponge cake1808 muffin1835 Madeira cake1845 Victoria sandwich1861 angels' food1865 marble cake1871 sponge1877 angel cake1878 angel food cake1878 layer cake1882 sponge sandwich1884 Lady Baltimore cake1889 sand cake1892 sandwich cake1911 Victoria sponge1934 red velvet1951 1892 T. F. Garrett & W. A. Rawson Encycl. Pract. Cookery I. 253 Sand Cakes. Sand Cake with Marmalade (German). sand-canal n. Zoology (see quot. 1870). ΚΠ 1870 H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. I. Gloss. Sand-canal, the tube by which water is conveyed from the exterior to the ambulacral system of the Echinodermata. sandcastle n. a structure of sand resembling the form of a castle, of the kind made by a child on the beach; also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > mud-pie or sandcastle dirt-piea1642 mud-pie1788 sand pie1833 sandcastle1854 1854 C. M. Yonge Castle Builders v. 63 The children are..dabbling after sea-weed and shells, and building sand castles. 1866 Chambers's Jrnl. 6 Jan. 16/2 (title) Sand-Castles. 1925 H. G. Wells Christina Alberta's Father i. iv. 95 They had..camped on the beach while Mr. Preemby and Christina Alberta had made sand-castles. 1975 C. A. Haddad Moroccan i. 5 We tried to build a sandcastle romance out of our few short months in the [desert] sand. 1980 D. Newsome On Edge of Paradise vii. 228 Playing like children on the beach..making sand-castles. sand cay n. [cay n.] a small sandy island, usually elongated parallel to the shore, frequently found on a coral reef and there composed of fine coral debris; = sand key n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > island > [noun] > small aiteOE islec1290 inchc1425 isleta1552 isolet1613 insulet1622 motu1770 sand key1775 islot1790 oe1810 illaun1882 sand cay1934 1934 T. Wood Cobbers xvii. 219 You do not see it [sc. the Barrier Reef]... You see instead islands... Islands which are sand-cays covered with birds. 1937 Geogr. Jrnl. 89 138 Sand-cays may occur on almost any reef, but they are most typical of the inner reefs of the outer barrier. 1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 972/2 During hurricanes, sand cays are liable to be swept clear of vegetation and may disappear completely in a single storm. sand-clock n. = sand-glass n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > hourglass running glass1480 night-glass1504 hourglass?1518 sand-glass1553 glass1557 minute glass1626 watch-glass1637 time-glass1712 sand-clock1865 hand glass1875 pulpit glass1907 1865 Student & Schoolmate June 177 One evening, fifty years ago, the noiseless ‘sand-clock’ in Squire Allen's bar-room was fast running down. 1964 Listener 24 Dec. 1011/3 The watch makers of Nuremberg were still turning out sand clocks on the egg-timer principle. sand-cloud n. a cloud-like mass of sand accompanying a simoom. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-cloud or sand-cloud red fog1828 brickfielder1829 sand-cloud1852 sea-dust1879 sirocco-dust1879 1852 P. J. Bailey Festus (ed. 5) 517 The desert sand-cloud or simoom. sand-club n. (a) = sandbag n. 2c ( Cent. Dict.); (b) originally U.S., = sand-iron n. (b). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [noun] > club > types of club play club1685 putting club1690 gentlemen's club1709 putter1783 spoon1790 iron1793 sand-iron1796 whip-club1808 cleek1829 driving putter1833 bunker-iron1857 driver1857 niblick1857 putting iron1857 baffing-spoon1858 mid-spoon1858 short spoon1858 sand-club1873 three-wood1875 long iron1877 driving cleek1881 mashie1881 putting cleek1881 track-iron1883 driving iron1887 lofting-iron1887 baffy1888 brassy1888 bulger1889 lofter1889 lofter1892 jigger1893 driving mashie1894 mid-iron1897 mashie-niblick1907 wood1915 pinsplitter1916 chipper1921 blaster1937 sand-wedge1937 wedge1937 1873 Winfield (Kansas) Courier 11 Sept. 1/7 A weapon of a peculiarly dangerous and for a time mysterious nature..is a sand club, formed by filling an eel skin with sand. 1912 Punch 15 May 380/2 Incidentally I am pleased to know that Americans call a niblick a sand-club. 1977 P. Alliss Play Golf with P. Alliss 57 If you play on a heavy course with hard muddy bunkers then you will need a sand club with a sharpish leading edge. sand-coal n. ΚΠ 1848 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson tr. F. Knapp Chem. Technol. I. 33 Other kinds of coal..leave a coke of the same form without caking. When pulverized, they leave a powdery coke. This variety is called sand-coal. sand cone n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1902 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Sand cone, a low pinnacle of ice on a glacier, protected from melting by a layer of sand. sand core n. a compact mass of sand that is dipped into molten glass and withdrawn, so as to serve as a core in the making of a hollow vessel; frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > glass-making equipment > [noun] > shaping equipment ferret1662 punty1662 puntilion1665 pucellas1701 casting-table1728 marble1745 pinching tongs1765 borsella1823 punt1823 marver1832 pontil1832 punto1839 working tube1841 bullion-bar1852 blowing-iron1855 bullion-rod1862 blowpipec1865 pointel1865 gadget1868 casting-slaba1877 casting-plate1881 glass-cutter1881 sand core1894 polissoir1897 pontil rod1934 blowing-machine1940 blowing-pipe- blowing-tube- society > occupation and work > equipment > glass-making equipment > [adjective] > shaping equipment sand core1894 1894 W. M. F. Petrie Tell el Amarna iv. 27 A tapering rod of metal was taken..; on the end of this was formed a core of fine sand... The rod and core were dipped in the melted glass... When the whole was finished, the metal rod in cooling would contract loose from the glass; it could then be withdrawn, the sand core rubbed out, and the vase would be finished. 1933 Antiquity 7 421 In the technique of glass-manufacture..the process of pressing into a mould as distinct from modelling on a sand-core came into vogue. 1934 Greece & Rome May 140 Vessels of glass made by the sand-core technique, a process well known in Egypt during the eighteenth dynasty. 1962 D. Harden Phoenicians xi. 154 From the seventh to the third century sand-core fabrics made up the bulk of existing glass vessels. sand-crack n. (a) a fissure in a horse's hoof; (without a and plural) a condition so characterized; (b) a crack in the human foot caused by walking on hot sandy soil; (c) a crack in a moulded brick, prior to burning, due to imperfect mixing ( Cent. Dict.). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > disorders of feet or hooves pains1440 mellitc1465 false quarter1523 gravelling?1523 founder1547 foundering1548 foot evil1562 crown scab1566 prick1566 quittor bone1566 moltlong1587 scratches1591 hoof-bound1598 corn1600 javar1600 frush1607 crepance1610 fretishing1610 seam1610 scratchets1611 kibe1639 tread1661 grease1674 gravel1675 twitter-bone1688 cleft1694 quittor1703 bleymes1725 crescent1725 hoof-binding1728 capelet1731 twitter1745 canker1753 grease-heels1753 sand-crack1753 thrush1753 greasing1756 bony hoof1765 seedy toe1829 side bone1840 cracked heel1850 mud fever1872 navicular1888 coronitis1890 toe-crack1891 flat-foot1894 the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > chap or crack rhagadesOE chap1398 chine1398 rupture?a1425 chapping1540 rift1543 chame1559 cleft1576 chop1578 crepature1582 cone1584 chink1597 fent1597 chawn1601 star1607 hacka1610 kin1740 sand-crack1895 1753 J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery xxxix. 290 What is called a sand-crack, is a little cleft on the outside of the hoof. 1895 J. G. Millais Breath from Veldt iv. 71 His feet were so sore with sand cracks he could not walk. 1903 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ All on Irish Shore 82 The glow from the fire illumined the smith's sardonic grin of remembrance. ‘She had a sandcrack in the near fore that time, and there's the sign of it yet.’ 1934 A. Russell Tramp-royal in Wild Austral. xix. 120 This in a country where the hooves of horses develop sandcrack. 1976 Horse & Hound 3 Dec. 53 (advt.) Daily use after sand-crack, seedy-toe, brittle or contracted feet, encourages the natural growth of healthy horn. sand crater n. (see quot. 1883). ΚΠ 1856 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 9 Apr. in Writings (1906) XIV. 268 I..sit on the edge of that sand-crater near the spring by the railroad. 1883 Science 1 67/2 ‘Sand-craters’..are shown to result from the wet quicksand being forced up through a vent..in the overlying clays. sand culture n. Botany a hydroponic method of plant cultivation in which the plants are rooted in beds of purified sand supplied with nutrient solutions, used esp. to determine their mineral requirements; a culture of this kind; usually attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] > hydroponics aquaculture1887 sand culture1916 drip culture1923 aquaponics1937 hydroponics1937 gravel culture1940 ring culture1953 1916 Soil Sci. II. 208 The sand culture solutions giving low yields of tops are characterized by a wide range in the Mg/Ca ratio. 1936 Phytopathology 26 279 Soil cultures were similarly prepared and kept with the sand cultures under the same conditions. 1940 A. Laurie Soilless Culture Simplified viii. 136 The advantage often claimed for sand or gravel culture—that of increased production—can easily be overstressed. 1978 Fluoride XI. 76 In Helianthus annus seedlings grown in sand culture for five weeks the concentration of fluoride in the root and shoot was generally proportional to the concentration in the substrate. sand-dance n. a step-dance performed on a sanded surface. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > tap- or step-dancing > [noun] treble1805 clog-dance1881 step-dancing1886 step-dance1887 sand-dancea1894 soft-shoe1900 sand-dancing1905 tap-dancing1928 tap-dance1929 tap1944 tapping1944 a1894 R. L. Stevenson Amateur Emigrant (1895) 43 That's a bonny hornpipe now,..they dance the sand dance to it. sand-dance v. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > tap- or step-dancing > tap- or step-dance [verb (intransitive)] step-dance1887 sand-dance1905 clog1925 tap-dance1929 soft-shoe1938 1905 Daily Chron. 24 Feb. 6/3 Only an expert in sand-dancing could have found a hair's-breadth of difference in their ability to sand-dance. sand-dancing n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > tap- or step-dancing > [noun] treble1805 clog-dance1881 step-dancing1886 step-dance1887 sand-dancea1894 soft-shoe1900 sand-dancing1905 tap-dancing1928 tap-dance1929 tap1944 tapping1944 1905 Daily Chron. 24 Feb. 6/3 Only an expert in sand-dancing could have found a hair's-breadth of difference in their ability to sand-dance. sand-dashing n. (see quot. 1833). ΚΠ 1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §1435. 683 The external walls to be of stone.., walled rough for stucco or sand-dashing (rough-casting). sand-devil n. in Africa, a small whirlwind. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-spout or sand-spout whirl-spout1737 devil1813 sand-spouta1849 sand-pillar1879 dust-devil1888 sand-devil1901 whirly-whirly1928 sand-smoke1930 1901 Lancet 16 Mar. 771/1 A number of small whirlwinds, called ‘sand-devils’, which would pass slowly along sucking up quantities of sand and any light articles such as pieces of paper. 1977 H. Innes Big Footprints iii. ii. 282 There was nothing visible..except here and there the dancing whirl of a sand devil. sand-draw n. U.S. a channel of a subterranean stream with sand overlying it; the stream itself. ΚΠ 1896 P. A. Rydberg in Contrib. U.S. National Herbarium III. No. 8. 470 A sand draw is a subterranean stream. On the surface is seen only a broader or narrower band of pure sand, marking the channel. sand-drift n. drifting sand or an accumulation of this. ΚΠ 1839 H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall xiv. 445 Running streams of water arrest the progress of the sand-drift. sand drown n. chlorosis of plants caused by magnesium deficiency in the soil. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > deficiency diseases chlorosis1805 leaf scald1870 leaf scorch1899 sand drown1922 yellows1926 iron deficiency anaemia1932 1922 Science 22 Sept. 341/2 The popular name of this chlorosis is ‘Sand Drown’, a term referring to the fact that the disease is likely to occur in aggravated form in the more sandy portions of the field after heavy rainfall. 1968 B. C. Akehurst Tobacco v. 96 Magnesium deficiency (called sand drown) is shown by a characteristic chlorosis that starts with the tips of the bottom leaves, spreads across them and moves up the plant in a similar manner. † sand dust n. Obsolete = dust n.¹ 3b.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > types of > implying unimportance sand dust1604 1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore i. i. 56 What but faire sand-dust are earths purest formes. sand filter n. a filter used in water purification consisting of layers of sand arranged with coarseness of texture increasing downwards. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > filtering or percolating > [noun] > filter or percolator > for water filtering basin1801 sand-trapa1877 sand filter1894 1894 Rafter & Baker Sewage Disposal in U.S. xiv. 267 Sand filters have considerable capacity for storing the nitrogenous matter at one period and later on converting it into nitrates. 1977 F. M. Middleton in H. I. Shuval Water Renovation & Reuse i. 13 Sand filters have been used for many years. † sand-fire n. Obsolete = sand-bath n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > baths > of sand sand-furnace1666 sand-bath1677 sand-fire1677 1677 W. Harris tr. N. Lémery Course Chym. i. v. 57 Place the Matrass in a small Sand-fire digesting for a day. 1747 tr. J. Astruc Academical Lect. Fevers 150 [The water] must be renewed as often as it is evaporated by the sand-fire. sand-flag n. ? = flag-sandstone (flag n.² Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > for flooring sand-flag1814 flagstone1815 flag-sandstone1843 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > flagstone sand-flag1814 flagstone1815 flag-sandstone1843 1814 W. Scott Diary 9 Aug. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott (1837) III. iv. 169 These lofty cliffs are all of sand-flag, a very loose and perishable kind of rock. 1821 W. Scott Pirate I. vii. 160 Soft and crumbling stone called sand-flag which..descend with great fury to the..foot of the rock. sand-flask n. a frame for a sand-mould. ΚΠ 1884 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 3rd Ser. 10/2 A sand-flask is then placed upon the board over the model. sand-flaw n. a flaw in the surface of a brick due to the uneven coating of sand given to the clay in moulding. ΚΠ 1884 C. T. Davis Pract. Treat. Manuf. Bricks 124 The brick shall contain no cracks or sand-flaws. sand flood n. an inundation of moving or drifting sand. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > ejected volcanic material > [noun] > stones, dust, or sand sand flood1668 lapilli1747 rapilli1768 lapillo1811 tephra1944 1668 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 3 722 A Sand-floud, which hath lately over~whelmed a great tract of Land in..Suffolk. 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 301 The commencement of the sand-flood might have been long posterior to the formation of the greater portion of that continent. sand-furnace n. = sand-bath n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > general vessels > baths > of sand sand-furnace1666 sand-bath1677 sand-fire1677 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities ii. vii. 370 We very gently in a Sand-Furnace distill off the Menstruum. sand-gall n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Galls, sand-galls, spots of sand through which the water oozes. Norf. and Suf. ?1811 Agric. Surv. Dumbartonshire 330 (Jam.) at Gaw A few narrow sand gaws. 1876 H. B. Woodward Geol. Eng. & Wales xiii. 409 The Chalk is worn away into pipes and hollows. Note. Called ‘Earth pots’ in Norfolk, and sometimes ‘Sand-galls’. sand garden n. in Japanese landscape gardening, an open space covered with sand, the surface of which is raked into a pattern. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [noun] > other types of garden grounda1500 knot-garden1519 back-garden1535 summer garden1589 spring garden1612 spring gardena1625 water gardena1626 walled gardena1631 wildernessa1644 window garden1649 botanic garden1662 Hanging Gardens1705 winter garden1736 cottage garden1765 Vauxhall1770 English garden1771 wall garden1780 chinampa1787 moat garden1826 gardenesque1832 sunk garden1835 roof garden1844 weedery1847 wild garden1852 rootery1855 beer-garden1863 Japanese garden1863 bog-garden1883 Italian garden1883 community garden1884 sink garden1894 trough garden1935 sand garden1936 Zen garden1937 hydroponicum1938 tub garden1974 rain garden1994 1936 T. Tamura Art of Landscape Garden in Japan 225 (caption) A sand garden carefully raked to print lines and waves. 1965 ‘S. Harvester’ Assassins Road iii. 32 The lighted windows showed patches as desolate as a Japanese sand-garden. 1975 R. L. Duncan Dragons at Gate (1976) iii. 89 Calder only half heard what she was saying,..fixing his attention on the sand garden. sand gardening n. the practice of this style of landscape design. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > [noun] > types of gardening curtilagec1430 kitchen gardening?1700 landscape-gardeninga1763 picturesque gardeninga1763 window gardening1801 landscape architecture1840 rock gardening1840 market gardening1852 water gardening1870 wild gardening1870 olericulture1886 market work1887 trucking1897 tub-gardening1904 landscaping1930 greenswardsmanship1936 godwottery1937 sand gardening1960 xeriscaping1987 1960 Spectator 16 Feb. 261/1 It's an uneasy, foreign respect—the sort one feels for minor, inscrutable Japanese arts such as Noh or sand-gardening. † sand-gavel n. Obsolete (see quots.). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of taking minerals sand-mail1287 lot-leada1483 lot1630 cope1631 sand-gavel1663 lordship1767 gale1775 tribute1778 royalty1839 groundage1852 seignioragea1859 galeage1881 1663 S. Taylor Hist. Gavel-kind ix. 113 In the same Lordship [of Rodely, Glos.] is also another called Sand-gavel, which is..a Payment due to the Lord, for the liberty granted to the Tenents to Digg up Sand. † sand-gelt n. Obsolete in Flanders, ? an impost levied on shipping to pay the cost of clearing the harbour from sand. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > shipping dues > [noun] lastinglOE lastage1205 anchorage1405 strandage1419 plankage1424 quayage1440 lowage1457 measurage1460 perch money1466 perching1483 keel-toll?1499 wharf-gelt1505 sand-gelt1527 wharfage1535 soundage1562 towage1562 groundage1567 bankage1587 rowage1589 shore-silver1589 pilotage1591 dayage1592 ballastage1594 rivage1598 pieragec1599 shore-mail1603 lightage1606 shorage1611 port charge1638 light money1663 port due1663 water-bailage1669 mensuragea1676 mooragea1676 keelage1679 shore-due1692 harbour-due1718 lockage1722 magazinage1736 jettage?1737 light duty1752 tide-duty1769 port duty1776 dockage1788 light due1793 canalage1812 posting-dues1838 warpage1863 winch1864 postage1868 flag-dues1892 berthage1893 shore-levy- 1527 Chron. Calais (1846) 103 Without paying..sandgelt, wharfgelt [etc.]. sand glacier n. Geomorphology (see quot. 1972). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > deposited by water, ice, or wind > [noun] > wind-blown drifta1400 wave1789 sand glacier1875 lunette1940 sand shadow1941 the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > plateau > types of puna1604 potrero1872 sand glacier1875 parma1888 1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 599/1 Among the less ordinary geological phenomena [of the Bermudas] may be mentioned the ‘sand glacier’ at Elbow Bay. 1897 Geogr. Jrnl. 9 286 Wind blowing outwards from a deep sand tract forms a horizontal plateau terminated by a talus as steep as the sand can rest. Under these conditions the encroachment of sand recalls the manner of advance of a glacier, and to this formation I restrict the term ‘sand glacier’. 1919 Proc. Royal Soc. Victoria 31 416 The typical forms of sand accumulation known as ‘sand glaciers’, which have been described in various parts of the world are due to sand being blown up the sides of hills or mountains, thence finding a passage through any passes or saddles, and spreading out on the opposite sides to form wide fan-shaped plains. 1972 Gloss. Geol. (Amer. Geol. Inst.) 627/2 Sand glacier. (a) An accumulation of sand that is blown up the side of a hill or mountain and through a pass or saddle, and then spread out on the opposite side to form a wide fan-shaped plain. (b) A horizontal plateau of sand terminated by a steep talus slope. sand gold n. gold dust. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > native elements and alloys > [noun] > native gold gold dust1607 virgin gold1673 sand gold1766 vein gold1834 rhodium gold1844 free gold1854 shot gold1858 flour-gold1869 stream-gold1875 1766 T. Amory Life John Buncle II. x. 357 It is found..sometimes in a powdry form, and then called gold-dust, or sand-gold. sand grain n. Printing (see quot. 1904); also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > intaglio printing > [noun] > aquatint > techniques thumb-printing1869 sand grain1904 sugar aquatint1962 1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 203/1 Sand Grain... A ground is laid as for etching; a sheet of sandpaper is then laid face downwards on the plate, which is passed through the printer's press with sufficient pressure for the grains of sand to pierce the ground. 1960 H. Hayward Connoisseur's Handbk. Antique Collecting 248/1 A sand-grain aquatint is obtained from a plate which has been pulled through the press with a piece of sand paper to roughen its surface. sand-groper n. Australian a jocular appellation for a native West Australian. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Antipodes > native or inhabitant of Australia > [noun] > parts of bushboya1834 Melbournite1838 Melburnian1838 bushman1846 Vandemonian1852 scrubber1859 Queenslander1860 Victorian1862 Sydneysider1865 Centralian1875 Waler1880 Territorian1882 mutton-bird1892 bushy1896 sand-groper1896 tothersider1896 crow-eater1899 Bananalander1900 outbacker1900 Tassie1905 groper1924 Tasmanian1934 mutton-bird eater1941 Top-Ender1941 Kanakalander1945 1896 H. Lawson Let. 3 Sept. (1970) 62 W[estern] A[ustralia] is a fraud... The old Sand-gropers are the best to work for or have dealings with. 1902 J. H. M. Abbott Tommy Cornstalk i In delicate reference to the nature of their country the West Australians are [called] ‘Sand-gropers’. 1934 T. Wood Cobbers 144 So let this mob of Cornstalks, Croweaters, Sandgropers, and Bananalanders go on yapping, say Victorians. 1946 K. S. Prichard Roaring Nineties 214 ‘I'm a sand-groper,’ she snapped... ‘Don't know anything about London or Paris.’ 1974 Sunday Tel. (Austral.) 30 June Mining millionaire Lang Hancock has a sizeable number of sandgropers prepared to support his view that Western Australia should be detached from the rest of the nation. sand-grown adj. designating a native of Blackpool. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > English nation > [adjective] > of other towns Yarmouthian1614 Novocastrian1873 sand-grown1969 1969 Listener 6 Mar. 300/1 Natives of Blackpool are called sand-grown men. 1972 New Society 16 Nov. 394/2 The ‘sand-grown-'uns’ (the Blackpool-born). sand-happy adj. (see happy adj. and n. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > shell-shock, etc. shell-shocked1915 flak-happy1938 bomb-happy1943 rock happy1943 sand-happy1943 bushed1952 1943 Fortune Dec. 268 A British Tommy on the North African desert..may have gone..‘sand happy’. 1944 J. Gunther D Day 129 Many are what the officers call ‘sand-happy’; this is a phrase almost equivalent to punch-drunk, except that it does not mean lack of fighting instinct. 1961 Times 14 Sept. 15/2 Captain Scott, weathered, expatriate, sand-happy. sand-hog n. U.S. a man who works underground, as in a caisson or in foundation-work; also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in specific place > [noun] > underground sand-hog1903 1903 Cent. Mag. Nov. 43/1 The tunnel workers, or ‘Sand Hogs’, enter the lower chambers of the shield. 1904 N.Y. Evening Post 11 Jan. 3 The men who are employed as ‘sandhogs’ or excavators in the caisson for the new Manhattan Bridge. 1907 Sci. Amer. 23 Mar. 250/1 Pressure-men, that remarkable class of men who make it their business to work in compressed air, and who are commonly known as ‘sand-hogs’. 1940 R. Chandler Farewell, my Lovely xiii. 98 He just got through working as a sandhog on the San Jack tunnel. 1965 National Observer (U.S.) 13 Dec. 12/1 Those who view Mr. Sweeney and his Appalachian Commission associates as ‘sandhogs’ are the other poverty operations. 1977 N. Hynd Sandler Inquiry xvii. 130 George McAdam was a ‘sandhog’. 1977 N. Hynd Sandler Inquiry xvii. 131 The sandhogs were the British agents in oil intelligence. sand-hole n. (a) a small hole or flaw in a casting, also in glass or stone; (b) a water-hole in sand; (c) a hole in sand. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > qualities of metals > [noun] > imperfections > cavities in casting blowhole1691 sand-hole1691 air bladder1803 air hole1813 pipe1861 pinhole1906 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > marks or imperfections in thread1593 streak1807 seed1821 stripe1823 bull's-eye1832 stria1832 tear1832 bullion1834 wreath1839 sand-hole1867 bullion-point1881 pontil mark1923 oil spot1962 saliva1969 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > flaw in stone sand-hole1887 sand vent1887 the world > the earth > water > body of water > place where animals obtain water > [noun] > water-hole pitOE watering1564 watering place1570 waterhole1653 sand-hole1897 the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > other types of hole posthole1703 dump1788 bladder-hole1789 moss-hag1790 money pit1820 butt-hole1897 sand-hole1897 scratch hole1923 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 96 Certain defects in Cast~lead..called by the Plumber Blow-holes and Sand-holes. 1867 G. F. Chambers Descr. Astron. vii. i. 615 Air bubbles, striae, sandholes,..of course,..are bad [in an object glass]. 1887 [see sand vent n.]. 1897 R. S. S. Baden-Powell Matabele Campaign xiii. 333 While they scoop the muddy water from the sand-hole for their tea. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 457/1 Golf may be played..where the..whins, sand-holes and banks, supply the conditions which are essential to the proper pursuit of the game. 1910 W. de la Mare Three Mulla-mulgars xx. 267 Home he goes to his leaf-thatched huddle or sand-hole. 1935 W. Empson Poems 22 By jackal sandhole to your air flung wide. sand-iron n. (a) see quot. 1796; (b) Golf an ‘iron’ adapted for lifting the ball out of sand. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [noun] > club > types of club play club1685 putting club1690 gentlemen's club1709 putter1783 spoon1790 iron1793 sand-iron1796 whip-club1808 cleek1829 driving putter1833 bunker-iron1857 driver1857 niblick1857 putting iron1857 baffing-spoon1858 mid-spoon1858 short spoon1858 sand-club1873 three-wood1875 long iron1877 driving cleek1881 mashie1881 putting cleek1881 track-iron1883 driving iron1887 lofting-iron1887 baffy1888 brassy1888 bulger1889 lofter1889 lofter1892 jigger1893 driving mashie1894 mid-iron1897 mashie-niblick1907 wood1915 pinsplitter1916 chipper1921 blaster1937 sand-wedge1937 wedge1937 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 464 Jared Eliot..invented sand-iron, or the making of iron from black sand, in 1761. 1862 R. Chambers Few Rambling Remarks Golf 18 The faces..of the spoons, sand-iron, and niblick are hollowed or ‘spooned’. 1881 R. Forgan Golfer's Handbk. 28 He should..firmly grasp his weapon (Niblick or Sand-Iron). sand-jet n. (a) = sand-blast n. 1; (b) a jet of sand from the sandbox of a locomotive. ΚΠ 1871 Jrnl. Franklin Iust. Sept. 155 The blocks [for engraving] are protected with an open design..and the steam sand jet directed upon them. 1900 Daily Express 19 June 5/7 The switching-on of the sandjets [of a train]. sand-joint n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Joint, the parting or joint between the different portions of the sand of a foundry mould. sand key n. [key n.²] U.S. = sand cay n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > island > [noun] > small aiteOE islec1290 inchc1425 isleta1552 isolet1613 insulet1622 motu1770 sand key1775 islot1790 oe1810 illaun1882 sand cay1934 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. p. xli We found ourselves surrounded by three very small low sand keys (full of prickly pears). 1829 in Amer. State Papers: Naval Affairs (U.S. Congress) (1861) IV. 968 An effort is now making to form a naval establishment on the insulated cluster of sand keys called the Dry Tortugas. 1837 J. L. Williams Territory of Florida 23 Anclote Sound is sheltered on the west, by Anclote, Jacs and Sand Keys. 1880 G. W. Cable Grandissimes v. 34 A beautiful land of low, evergreen hills..[looked] out across the pine-covered sand-keys of Mississippi Sound. 1930 J. F. Dobie Coronado's Children xviii. 308 They landed the Laffites on a barren sand key with just enough provisions to keep them alive a few days. 1937 Geogr. Jrnl. 89 143 The reefs which bear a sand-key, and on which there is no sub-aerial accumulation of coral-shingle, have a least depth of water of 3 feet. sand-letter n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > large large print1672 sand-letter1843 1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 456/1 Large letters..were formerly cast in sand-moulds, and hence called sand-letters. sand-lime n. used attributively to denote a type of brick made by baking sand with a proportion of slaked lime under pressure. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [adjective] > type of brick sun-dried1600 housing1703 shuffy1850 Fletton1908 sand-lime1910 1910 Encycl. Brit. IV. 521/1 The so-called sand-lime bricks are now made on a very extensive scale in many countries. 1933 Archit. Rev. 74 225/2 (caption) The whole of the internal walls are faced with cream sand-lime bricks. 1966 W. G. Nash Brickwork I. i. 30 There are four classes of sand-lime bricks. Categories » sand-lug n. U.S. a low grade of tobacco, manufactured from leaves that grow near the ground ( Funk's Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. 1895). † sand-mail n. Obsolete ? = sand-gavel n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of taking minerals sand-mail1287 lot-leada1483 lot1630 cope1631 sand-gavel1663 lordship1767 gale1775 tribute1778 royalty1839 groundage1852 seignioragea1859 galeage1881 1287 Yorksh. Inquisitions (Yks. Rec. Soc.) II. 61 Sondemale, 10d. at Easter and Michaelmas. sandman n. one who digs sand; also, in nursery language, a personification of sleep or sleepiness (cf. German sandmann, -männchen, and dustman n. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [noun] > sleep personified sleep1390 dustman1821 sandman1821 sandboy1873 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > earth-movers, etc. > [noun] > one who digs sand sandman1821 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 116 The sand-man's delving spade. 1861 A. Wehnert tr. H. C. Andersen Tales 237 Of an evening, as soon as it begins to grow dark,..the Sandman comes. sand mortar n. (see quot. 1775). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > [noun] > other kinds of cement or mortar maltha?1440 testacyec1440 putty1472 tarras1612 natural cement1753 Roman cement1768 sand mortar1775 Roman cement1800 Parker's cement1811 mastic cement1815 gauge-stuff1823 Portland cement1824 putty cement1825 rust cement1830 matrix1838 terro-cement1838 rust1839 swish1863 Coaguline1868 albolith1870 dagga1878 mastic1881 tripolith1882 grappier1897 pozzolana cement1905 Ciment Fondu1924 snowcrete1928 soil-cement1936 1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Sandmortar, mortar in which sand is a principal ingredient. sand-mould n. a mould for a casting, composed of sand. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > sand-moulding equipment box1813 sandbox1833 sand-mould1843 pig bed1850 turnover board1888 sand-slinger1928 1843 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. I. 325 Plaster of Paris and sand moulds. sand-moulder n. ΚΠ 1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 55 There is hardly a single article..in wrought-iron the like of which the ingenuity of the sand-moulder cannot produce in cast metal. sand-moulding n. a process of moulding bricks in which the moulds are sprinkled with sand. ΚΠ 1843 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 2 ii. 147 The process was a kind of intermediate one between slop and sand-moulding. sand-painting n. the technique used esp. by the Navajo Indians of painting with coloured sands; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to medium or technique > [noun] > others by medium or technique velvet-painting1809 Poona work1816 Poona painting1817 Poona1821 lithochromy1837 rock painting1852 mural painting1879 splatter-work1897 sand-painting1902 scroll painting1911 dot painting1932 texturology1959 1902 W. Hough in Rep. U.S. Nat. Museum 1900 467 The ceremonial sand painting of the Hopi and Navajo, where the most beautiful effects are secured by allowing sand in slender streams of different colors to fall from the hand guiding it over the surface to form designs. 1908 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics I. 826/2 The sand-paintings..may be regarded as actual pictorial prayers. 1963 G. S. Maxwell Navajo Rugs (1973) iii. 47 Sandpainting rugs are woven copies of actual sandpaintings. 1978 T. Hillerman Listening Woman i. 3 Tell me more about how these sand paintings got messed up. sand-picture n. a picture formed by laying coloured sands on an adhesive ground (Ogilvie 1882); also more gen., a design made in sand. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to medium or technique > [noun] > others by medium or technique > work transparency1785 rock painting1852 dot painting1932 sand-picture1957 1957 J. Kirkup Only Child xiv. 188 There was a man who made wonderful sculptures in the damp sand... Once,..he made a low-relief sand-picture of the Shields Town Hall. 1970 G. Savage Dict. Antiques 369/2 Apart from the work of Zobel, sand-pictures are rarely signed, and must be identified from their characteristics. 1975 Times 6 Dec. 11/5 A collection of sand pictures, mostly made in the Isle of Wight. sand pie n. wet sand formed by a child into the shape of a pie. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > mud-pie or sandcastle dirt-piea1642 mud-pie1788 sand pie1833 sandcastle1854 1833 C. F. Hoffman Let. 6 Dec. in Winter in West (1835) I. 148 A bevy of rosy little girls..were making ‘sand pies’ on the bank of the river. 1980 M. Drabble Middle Ground 181 Girls in a concrete playground, making sand pies. sand-pillar n. = sand-spout n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-spout or sand-spout whirl-spout1737 devil1813 sand-spouta1849 sand-pillar1879 dust-devil1888 sand-devil1901 whirly-whirly1928 sand-smoke1930 1879 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Sand-pillar, a sand-storm in desert tracts, like those of the Sahara and Mongolia. sand-pipe n. (a) Geology (see quot. 1839); (b) a pipe conducting sand to the rails from the sandbox of a locomotive. ΚΠ 1839 C. Lyell in London & Edinb. Philos. Mag. 15 257 On the tubular Cavities filled with Gravel and Sand called ‘Sand-pipes’, in the Chalk near Norwich. 1905 Daily Chron. 15 Dec. 5/5 The sand-pipes which are fixed in front of the wheels of the engine. sand-plain n. a sandy plain; spec. in Geology, a flat-topped hill of peculiar structure formed as a delta at the margin of a Pleistocene ice sheet. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill > [noun] > flat-topped sand-plain1818 the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain > types of sand-flat1773 alluvial plain1803 sand-plain1818 sandveld1824 tundra1841 bench-land1845 salt flat1873 panfan1915 panplain1933 pediplain1935 soda plain1946 1818 A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 2) ii. 291 On the sand plains, at the foot of Pine-rock, in New-Haven, a [juniper] root..often sends off shoots. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 18 Sept. 4/2 The sand-plains of Berlin. sand plant n. = sand-binder n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > that grows in (and binds) sand sand plant1849 sand-binder1887 psammophile1888 psammophyte1903 1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §1139 Sand plants; as Carex arenaria, Ammophila arenaria [etc.] which tend to fix the loose sand. sand-plate n. (a) = sanding plate n. at sanding n. Compounds 2 (Funk's Stand. Dict.); (b) a contrivance for facilitating the transporting of a life-boat over sand. ΚΠ 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 232/2 [article Life-boat] Sand-plates. † sand-plot n. Obsolete (a) = arena n.; (b) a patch of sand. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > [noun] > place for public shows > amphitheatre > arena sand1587 sand-plot1619 arena1627 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. (1636) 267 The first field and Sand-plot of civill Warre was Italy. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 163 The Bottom very foul, being Riffs of Coral Rocks, interspersed with small Sand-plots. sand plug n. (see quot. 1888). ΚΠ 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. at Plug A sand plug..is..the ball of sand..with which the riser of a mould is covered while the metal is being poured at the ingate. † sand-poke n. Obsolete a sand-bag. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > bag > [noun] > sack > for other specific contents sand-poke1415 hopsack1481 coal sack1574 hop-bag1604 sugar-bag1764 nutsack1842 bale-sack1883 sugar sack1891 1415–16 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 612 Item in 2 uln. di. de canvas empt. pro 1 Sandpoke, 10d. 1421–2 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1898) I. 228 Pro sandepokes. sand-pot n. †(a) an iron pot used with the sand-furnace; (b) dialect a quicksand. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels crossletc1386 testc1386 cruciblea1475 spoon1496 melting pot1545 cruset1558 fining pot1560 hooker1594 cupel1605 crusoile1613 crisol1622 melt pot1637 muffle1644 crevet1658 coffin1686 sand-pot1758 Hessian crucible1807 pan1839 shank1843 casting-pot1846 king pot1862 converter1867 washpot1879 1758 Elaboratory 15 Procure a proper sand-pot, and large plate for forming the sand-bath. 1877 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire Sand Pot, a quicksand. Often met with in draining. sand-pump n. a pump for raising wet sand, detritus, etc., from a drill-hole, oil-well, caisson, etc.; also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > other types of pump bottom lift1778 rose pump1778 centrifugal pump1789 jack-heada1792 jet pump1850 sand-pump1865 Union pump1867 shell-pump1875 eductor1877 brake-pump1881 bull-pump1881 cam-pumpa1884 sand-reel1883 grasshopper1884 knapsack pump1894 knapsack sprayer1897 turbo-pump1903 Sylphon1906 slush pump1913 displacement pump1924 power pack1937 proportioner1945 solids pump1957 peristaltic pump1958 powerhead1981 Cornish pump- 1865 Harper's Mag. Apr. 573/2 A sand-pump is a metal case from five to ten feet in length, constructed with a valve at the bottom. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 172 Sand-pump, a cylinder with a valve at the bottom, lowered into a drill-hole from time to time, to take out the accumulated slime resulting from the action of the drill on the rock. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 530/2 Sand-pump dredgers. sand-red adj. of a sandy red colour. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [adjective] > brownish-red rustya1398 hepaticc1420 horseflesh1530 rubiginousa1538 iron1587 bricky1615 ferrugineous1633 sand-reda1639 brickish1648 ferruginous1656 lateritious1656 brick-coloured1675 blood bay1684 testaceous1688 rust-coloureda1691 brick-red1740 brick-dust-like1765 maroon1771 rufous1782 brick-dusty1817 rusted1818 worm red1831 brownish-red1832 brown-red1835 foxy1850 rust1854 henna-coloured1865 chestnut-red1882 terra-cotta1882 copper-red1883 fox-red1910 oxblood1918 tony1921 henna-brown1931 henna-red2002 a1639 H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 524 She trips to milk the Sand-red Cow. sand-reel n. (see quot. 1883). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > other types of pump bottom lift1778 rose pump1778 centrifugal pump1789 jack-heada1792 jet pump1850 sand-pump1865 Union pump1867 shell-pump1875 eductor1877 brake-pump1881 bull-pump1881 cam-pumpa1884 sand-reel1883 grasshopper1884 knapsack pump1894 knapsack sprayer1897 turbo-pump1903 Sylphon1906 slush pump1913 displacement pump1924 power pack1937 proportioner1945 solids pump1957 peristaltic pump1958 powerhead1981 Cornish pump- 1883 Cent. Mag. July 329/2 The sand-reel..serves to lower or raise the sand-pump. sand ripple n. one of a series of small parallel ridges or undulations in the surface of sand. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > undulation > sand-wave sand wave1820 sand ripple1879 megaripple1953 1879 T. D. Forsyth in E. D. Morgan tr. N. M. Prejevalsky From Kulja to Lob-Nor 27 The upheaval of the Gobi..causes an entirely independent direction of profile..to that of the sand-ripples which cover it. 1897 Geogr. Jrnl. 9 279 The uniformity of the wind-ripple pattern is at all times remarkable. In water-formed sand-ripples no such uniformity has been recorded. 1941 R. A. Bagnold Physics of Blown Sand & Desert Dunes xi. 144 A sand ripple is merely a crumpling or heaping up of the surface, brought about by wind action, and cannot be regarded as a true wave in a strict dynamical sense. 1960 B. W. Sparks Geomorphol. xi. 248 The formation of sand ripples is closely connected with the process of saltation. sand-rock n. a sandstone rock. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > a sandstone rock sand-rock1798 1798 C. Smith Young Philosopher IV. 276 They took the way above the excavation of sand-rock where I sat. 1872 J. D. Dana Corals & Coral Islands ii. 155 These sand-banks..become cemented into a sand-rock. sand-scratch n. (see quot. 1871). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > mark on feature or surface > [noun] seamc1330 footprint1552 stringa1728 wrinklea1807 ripple mark1831 ripple1838 grooving1846 wave-mark1863 sand-scratch1871 chatter-mark1888 cross-colouring1901 wave-marking1903 1871 J. Stormonth Etymol. & Pronouncing Dict. Sand-scratches, in geol., rocks or rock-surfaces worn smooth, or marked with scratches and furrows, by sand carried by the wind passing over them. sand shadow n. an accumulation of sand to the lee of an obstruction. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > deposited by water, ice, or wind > [noun] > wind-blown drifta1400 wave1789 sand glacier1875 lunette1940 sand shadow1941 1941 R. A. Bagnold Physics of Blown Sand & Desert Dunes xiii. 188 Deposits caused directly by fixed obstructions in the path of the sand-driving wind... These sand shadows and sand drifts are dependent for their continued existence on the presence of the obstacle. 1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xiii. 184/2 Left behind protecting shells or pebbles are elongate mounds of sand (‘sand-shadows’) which give the beach a distinctive appearance. sand-shoes n. shoes adapted for wearing on the sands or at the seaside, spec. canvas shoes with gutta-percha or hemp soles. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > shoe > [noun] > types of > made from specific material > canvas sand-shoes1858 boat shoe1865 deck shoe1879 plimsoll1885 tennis shoe1887 sneaker1895 pump1897 tackiec1902 Ked1917 puss shoe1938 puss boot1942 runner1970 1858 C. Patmore Espousals xii, in Angel in House (ed. 2) II. 295 While the shop-girl fitted on The sand-shoes. 1916 J. B. Cooper Coo-oo-ee xvi. 235 In the circumscribed space of the vessel, the men, clad in their blue dungarees, wearing white sand-shoes, prepared themselves for their future battles. 1931 V. Woolf Waves 22 Those are Louis' neat sand-shoes firmly printing the gravel. 1948 J. Betjeman Sel. Poems 79 Don't empty children's sand-shoes in the hall. 1965 S. T. Ollivier Petticoat Farm vii. 96 Rather than walk the dusty road in their freshly cleaned sparkling white sandshoes the girls took a short cut across the paddocks. 1979 Guardian 23 May 31/4 The sand shoe and school sandal look which was justifiably popular last summer. sand-shot n. (see quot. 1867). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > bullet or shot collectively > shot > of large guns fricasseec1575 murdering shot1583 chain-shota1586 crossbar1589 cross-bar shot1591 case shot1599 langrel1627 trundle-shot1627 partridge1635 chain-bullet1636 pelican1639 case1642 spike-shota1661 double-head1678 double-headed shot1678 partridge-shot1683 grape1687 burrel-shot1706 double1707 angel-shot1730 grapeshot1747 star shot1753 bar-shot1756 langrage1769 canister1801 stang-ball1802 chain1804 canister-shot1809 tier-shot1828 pot-leg1852 six-pounder1855 shunt shot1864 sand-shot1867 mitraille1868 1867 W. T. Brande & G. W. Cox Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art (new ed.) III. 340/2 Sand Shot, in Artillery, small cast-iron balls; so called because they have always been cast in sand. sand-slinger n. Founding (see quot. 1948). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > casting equipment > sand-moulding equipment box1813 sandbox1833 sand-mould1843 pig bed1850 turnover board1888 sand-slinger1928 1928 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 117 805 Stripping machines are mounted on turntables, which bring the flasks within range of a sand-slinger, and then delivers them to the mould conveyor. 1948 J. E. Garside in H. W. Baker Mod. Workshop Technol. I. iii. 65 For the ramming of sand moulds, a machine known as the ‘sand slinger’ is often used. It ejects a stream of sand vertically downwards at a high speed, so that the sand is rammed by impact with the pattern. sand-smoke n. a whirlwind or sandstorm. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-spout or sand-spout whirl-spout1737 devil1813 sand-spouta1849 sand-pillar1879 dust-devil1888 sand-devil1901 whirly-whirly1928 sand-smoke1930 1930 T. S. Eliot tr. ‘St.-J. Perse’ Anabasis 49 These sandsmokes that rise over dead river courses. sand-soap n. = sand-ball n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > type of soap > specific hard soap?a1425 oatmeal soapa1525 spatarent soap1526 Castile soap1631 Naples soapa1739 yellow soap1762 honey soap1772 curd soap1780 primrose soap1796 palm soap1821 Gallipoli soap1822 Windsor soap1822 Windsor1836 Venice soap1842 scum-soap1852 sand-soap1855 lime soap1857 marine soap1857 sassafras soap1860 carbolic soap1863 sulphur soap1894 opopanax soap1897 primrose1899 rock1903 carbolic1907 Crazy Foam1965 1855 G. W. S. Piesse Art of Perfumery viii. 166 Sand Soap. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 931 Salicylic acid..followed by friction with pumice-stone or sand-soap, will [etc.]. sand-spout n. a pillar of sand raised by a whirlwind in a desert. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm > dust-spout or sand-spout whirl-spout1737 devil1813 sand-spouta1849 sand-pillar1879 dust-devil1888 sand-devil1901 whirly-whirly1928 sand-smoke1930 a1849 J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 264 A sandspout out of that sandy ocean, upcurls. 1884 J. Colborne With Hicks Pasha in Soudan 176 The sand-spouts, so frequent in these regions. sand-stock n. (also sand-stock brick) (see quot. 1843¹). ΚΠ 1843 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 2 ii. 145 The mould is dipped into water previous to its receiving the clay, instead of its being sanded as is the case in making sandstock bricks. 1843 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 2 ii. 146 Sand-stock and slop-moulding. 1956 Archit. Rev. 119 257/2 Leicestershire sandstock bricks are used in the panel on the west elevation. 1973 Parade (Austral.) Oct. 28/3 ‘Sandstock’ (handmade) bricks were made from clay in the valley. sandstorm n. a desert storm of wind accompanied with clouds of sand; also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] > dust-storm or sand-storm sandstorm1774 dust-storm1879 shaitan1883 shower1898 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 363 The sand-storm of Africa, exhibits a very different appearance. 1928 H. Crane Let. 27 Apr. (1965) 325 Efforts for a foothold in this sand~storm [sc. Hollywood] are still avid. 1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 139 We missed the old..weather... Missed our blinding sandstorms even. 1978 A. Ritchie & G. Ritchie Anc. Monuments Orkney 43 The people who were forced to abandon their homes in the final sandstorm had been using essentially the same sort of pottery vessels as their ancestors who founded the settlement. sand-strake n. = garboard n. (see quot. 1820). ΚΠ 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 448 (note) Garboard-strake, or sand~strake, is the first range of strakes or planks laid..next the keel. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. sand-sugar n. = lactose n. ΚΠ 1904 A. J. Walker tr. A. F. Holleman Lab. Man. Org. Chem. 38 The taste of lactose is not so sweet as that of sucrose, and in the mouth it resembles sand, hence the name sand-sugar. sand-table n. (a) a sand-covered surface on which letters or designs can be drawn and erased or models placed and removed; (b) = sand-trap n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > paper-making equipment > [noun] > strainer sand-table1812 knotter1875 sieve-plate1891 society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > [noun] > on a surface > types of picture card1707 sand-table1812 inset1881 shadowgraph1886 shadow-picture1889 sand-tray1893 cutout1905 standee1930 punch-out1934 pictograph1937 society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > other materials for writing on > [noun] sand-table1812 ostracon1853 writing bed1891 sand-tray1893 1812 N. J. Hollingsworth Address Madras Syst. Educ. p. ix To the finger and sand-table may succeed the pencil and slate. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XX. 728/2 To get rid of them [sc. impurities] the esparto pulp when washed and bleached is run from the potcher into storage chests, from which it is pumped over a long, narrow serpentine settling table or ‘sand-table’. 1928 Daily Tel. 7 Aug. 4/4 A thorough groundwork of tactical knowledge has been formed by sand-table and week-end schemes during the winter. 1955 F. G. Patton Good Morning, Miss Dove 13 One group..modelled clay caribou for the sand table. 1963 R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking ii. 67 With rifflers and sand tables the stock is passed at approximately 0·5% consistency along narrow channels. 1969 E. H. Pinto Treen 423 The sand table is a very ancient device and may be referred to by Isaiah ‘Now go write it before them in a table’. 1971 J. Wainwright Last Buccaneer ii. 243 ‘What..is a sand-table?’..‘It's usually a tray, filled with sand. The army uses them. It's possible to mould the sand into the contours of geographic locations for demonstrating military tactics.’ sand-tell box n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1894 J. N. Maskelyne ‘Sharps & Flats’ 194 The sand-tell box is so called because it is used in conjunction with prepared cards, which have been ‘sanded’ or roughened on one side, or both sides... The cards which are intended to ‘tell’ are left smooth on their faces; all the others are slightly roughened on both sides. sand-tray n. (a) = sand-table n. (a); (b) = sandbox n. 2e. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > [noun] > on a surface > types of picture card1707 sand-table1812 inset1881 shadowgraph1886 shadow-picture1889 sand-tray1893 cutout1905 standee1930 punch-out1934 pictograph1937 society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > other materials for writing on > [noun] sand-table1812 ostracon1853 writing bed1891 sand-tray1893 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping dogs or cats > [noun] > cattery or cat-house > sand-box sand-tray1893 tray1938 sandbox1967 1817 A. Bell Instr. Conduct. Schools ii. i. 68 For writing on sand, smooth and level (trays or) boards, ten inches wide, with ledges on every side of an inch deep..are prepared.] 1893 Notes & Queries 25 Mar. 233/1 Economy being a great feature in the plan, the sand trays..were adopted. A full account of the system was published by the S.P.C.K. in 1840. 1968 Guardian 23 Aug. 7/6 A livid deputation approached me, waving the kitten's sand-tray. 1972 Country Life 6 Jan. 31/2 I was also interested in the 19th-century sand tray or abacus in the north aisle. This was used for teaching children to write with a wooden stick on the sand. sand-tube n. (a) Geology (see quot. 1841); (b) Zoology = sand-canal n.; also, a protective tube of agglutinated sand formed by some annelids; (c) Mechanics a conductor for sand. ΚΠ 1814 Trans. Geol. Soc. 2 532 Sand Tubes. 1841 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 276 (note) What are termed sand-tubes appear to be formed by the passage of lightning through a sandy soil which it fuses in its passage. 1857 P. H. Gosse Omphalos 202 Implements by which the sand-tube [of a Terebella] is thus built up. 1871 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 195 An annular passage surrounding the sand tube. 1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 67/2 Large coherent masses of coarse gravel and sand-tubes are formed..by Sabellaria. sand valve n. ΚΠ 1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Sand Valve, the valve by which the escape of sand from the sand box of a locomotive is regulated. sand vent n. (see quots.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > flaw in stone sand-hole1887 sand vent1887 1887 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Sandhole in stone; also called a sand vent. A deposit of sand in a block of stone. † sand-walker n. dialect Obsolete ? one employed in shrimping or other similar work on the sands. ΚΠ 1637–8 Maldon (Essex) Borough Deeds (Bundle 149, No. 3) Warne all..ferrymen, marshmen, and sandwalkers within your townshippe..to be and appeare before our..vice-admirall. sand-warped adj. swept by the tide on to a sandbank; also, ‘silted up, or choked with sand’ ( Whitby Gloss., 1876). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > [adjective] > accidentally aground gravelled1611 sand-warpeda1661 stranded1703 beached1871 a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cambr. 159 Crossing Humber in a Barrow-boat, the same was sand-warpt, and he drowned therein. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Sand-warpt, left by the tide on a shoal. Also, striking on a shoal at half-flood. sand-wash n. U.S. a sloping surface of sand spread out by an intermittent stream. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > deposited by water, ice, or wind > [noun] > by water roddon1857 platform-mud1863 cone1864 fan1864 levee1870 alluvial fan1873 apron1889 sand-wash1901 scroll1902 spillbank1909 sheet-flow1928 point bar1945 the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > sandy sand-wash1901 slip face1941 1901 Science 4 Jan. 38/1 From this point the party worked down the sandwash of Rio San Ignacio (or Rio Altar) to the coast of the Gulf of California, where the Tepoka Indians lived until recently. 1937 Discovery Jan. 24/1 The sand~washes surrounding the wells in the Gobi. 1948 Sierra Club, S. Calif. Chapter, Schedule No. 129. 69 The campsite will be in the sand wash at the mouth of the Fan Hill Canyon. sand wave n. a wave-like formation in sand; spec. in Physical Geography, an undulation similar to a megaripple but on a larger scale. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > rising ground or eminence > [noun] > undulation > sand-wave sand wave1820 sand ripple1879 megaripple1953 1820 J. Keats Ode on Melancholy in Lamia & Other Poems 141 Then glut thy sorrow on..the rainbow of the salt sand-wave. 1899 Geogr. Jrnl. 13 624 The sand-waves which corrugate the beds of streams and rivers. 1902 ‘M. Twain’ in Harper's Mag. Jan. 269/2 He started on a run, racing in and out among the sage-bushes a matter of three hundred yards, and disappeared over a sand-wave. 1917 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 28 915 Cross~bedding..probably represents in many instances one phase of a phenomenon called sand waves, which are nothing more than current-made ripple-mark[s] of mammoth proportions... The crests are often 15 to 35 feet apart and rise from 2 to 3 feet above the troughs. 1939 W. H. Twenhofel Princ. Sedimentation vi. 190 The sand waves or antidunes move up-current as the individual sands move down-current. 1978 Nature 14 Sept. 101/2 Sandwaves are the largest scale of bedform.., with average heights and wavelengths markedly larger than those of megaripples. sand-wedge n. = sand-iron n. (b). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > equipment > [noun] > club > types of club play club1685 putting club1690 gentlemen's club1709 putter1783 spoon1790 iron1793 sand-iron1796 whip-club1808 cleek1829 driving putter1833 bunker-iron1857 driver1857 niblick1857 putting iron1857 baffing-spoon1858 mid-spoon1858 short spoon1858 sand-club1873 three-wood1875 long iron1877 driving cleek1881 mashie1881 putting cleek1881 track-iron1883 driving iron1887 lofting-iron1887 baffy1888 brassy1888 bulger1889 lofter1889 lofter1892 jigger1893 driving mashie1894 mid-iron1897 mashie-niblick1907 wood1915 pinsplitter1916 chipper1921 blaster1937 sand-wedge1937 wedge1937 1937 H. Longhurst Golf i. xxii. 196 No chapter on bunker play would be complete without a description of..the..sand wedge. 1952 Chambers's Jrnl. May 298/1 I couldn't use a sand-wedge in a bunker because I hadn't the strength to swing it. 1971 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird xv. 215 Wallace Brady..landed in the long, pale trap in front of the green and stayed there doing explosive shots with a sand-wedge. sandweld v. (transitive) to weld (iron) with sand, which forms a fluid slag on the welding-surface ( Cent. Dict.). sand-whirl n. a whirlwind whose vortex is filled with dust and sand ( Cent. Dict.). sand-wind n. = sand-cloud. ΚΠ 1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 703/1 In the spring and summer..hot sand-winds sometimes blow from the south, greatly raising the temperature. b. In the names of animals, etc. Also sand-eel n., sandfly n., sand-grouse n., sand lark n., sandpiper n., etc. sand asp n. ? = sand lizard n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Lacertidae > genus Lacerta > lacerta agilis (sand-lizard) sand asp1833 sand lizard1855 1833 S. T. Coleridge Love's Apparition A ruined well, Where the shy sand-asps bask and swell. sand-badger n. (a) a Javanese badger, Meles ankuma; (b) the Indian badger, Arctonyx collaris, also called sand bear n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Meles (badger) brockc1000 bausona1375 greyc1425 das1481 badger?1523 taxus1535 barrow1552 pate1628 sand-badger1873 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Arctonyx (sand-badger) sand-badger1873 sand bear1883 hog badger1962 1873 Proc. Zool. Soc. 761 Two Sand-badgers (Meles ankuma..), presented. 1894 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. II. 89 The sand-badger..(Arctonyx collaris). sand bear n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Arctonyx (sand-badger) sand-badger1873 sand bear1883 hog badger1962 1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 440/1 The best-known species is Arctonyx collaris, the Sand-Bear. sand-beetle n. (see quot. 1854). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Lamellicornia Scarabaeoidea > family Scarabaeidae > member of subfamily Trogidae skin beetle1842 sand-beetle1854 1854 A. Adams et al. Man. Nat. Hist. 188 Sand-Beetles (Trogidæ). sand bird n. a bird whose habitat is the seashore, esp. the sandpiper n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > defined by habitat > [noun] > that frequents shore shore-bird1676 sand bird1709 beach-bird1837 the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of sandpiper1674 stone-runner1681 sand bird1709 piper1793 tattler1831 water junket1833 tip-up1848 kitty-needy1850 weet-weet1852 peep1864 sand-runner1894 1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 151 The Sand-Birds are about the Bigness of a Lark, and frequent our Sand-Beaches. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 213 Sand birds, Tringa parva. 1878 in G. P. Lathrop Masque of Poets 51 Far off some sand-bird pipes its evening song. 1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. I. 234 White-rumped Sandpiper..Sand-bird. sand boa n. a snake of the genus Eryx, found in north and east Africa and south and east Asia. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Boidae (boas) > member of genus Eryx (sand boa) sand-viper1668 sand-snake1753 sand boa1910 1910 R. L. Ditmars Reptiles of World iv. 233 The Sand Boas, Eryx, are degenerate burrowing species,..with a flat body, very stumpy tail, a small head,..and tiny eyes. 1970 E. Afr. Standard (Nairobi) 23 Jan. 6/4 These [snakes] include..a sand boa and two boa constrictors. sand-bug n. (a) a member of the family Galgulidæ; (b) North American a sand-wasp, Ammophila arenaria (Ogilvie 1855); (c) a burrowing crab, Hippa talpoida. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > member of family Hippidae sand-bug1854 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > miscellaneous types > member of family Galgulidae sand-bug1854 toad-bug1902 1854 A. Adams et al. Man. Nat. Hist. 242 Sand-Bugs (Galgulidæ). 1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 779 The Sand Bug—Hippa talpoida, Say. This is..related to the Hermit Crabs. sand-clam n. North American the common Long Clam, Mya arenaria. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Siphonida > sinu-pallialia > family Myacidae fleming1603 clam1672 clamp1672 basket-shell1713 Mya1777 soft clam1800 smurlin1806 sand-clam1809 long clam1811 old maid1815 softshell clam1818 maninose1843 gaper1853 long neck1857 geoduck1881 bluenose1883 sand-gaper1887 mano1899 1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. II. xlvii. 144 Rich in fish and in sand-clams (sabella granulata). sand cock n. the redshank. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Tringa > tringa totanus (red(-)shank) redshank1525 redling1655 pool-snite1661 pool snipe1678 red-legged horseman1678 red-legged sandpiper1785 red-leg1798 sand cock1804 snipe1829 redshank gambet1840 teuk1859 yelper1892 1804 T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds II. 91 (heading) Redshank. Red-legged Horseman, Pool Snipe, or Sand Cock. (Scolopax Calidris, Lin.). sand-collar n. = sand-saucer n. (Cent. Dict.). sand crab n. (a) a crab of the family Ocypodidæ; (b) the Lady Crab, Platyonichus ocellatus. also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > member of Portunidae (lady-crab) velvet crab1681 green crab1763 lady crab1844 sand crab1844 shore-crab1850 devil crab1871 partan1880 velvet fiddler crab1882 shuttle-crab1889 sook1950 muddy1953 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > member of Ocypodidae (fiddler-crab and sand crab) fiddler1714 calling crab1832 lady crab1844 sand crab1844 sand fiddler1852 fighting crab1868 1844 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. vi. 6 This [sc. Platycarcinus irroratus] and the succeeding species [sc. P. sayi] are both designated by our fishermen as the Spotted Crab and Sand Crab. a1851 J. G. Dalyell Powers of Creator (1853) II. 183 Cancer (portunus) pusillus.—The Sand Crab. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 642/1 The swift-footed sand-crabs (Ocypoda) are exclusively terrestrial. 1883 A. E. Sweet & J. A. Knox On Mexican Mustang 24 The calling of each other names, such as ‘sand-crabs’ and ‘mud-turtles’, is one of the harmless ways in which they ventilate their spleen. 1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 774 The ‘Lady Crab’, or ‘Sand Crab’ [Platyonichus ocellatus], is abundant..from Cape Cod to Florida. 1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xii. 199 The little cream sand-crabs swift as impatient foam. 1952 W. J. Dakin et al. Austral. Seashores xv. 190 The sand bubbler-crab... This little crab may be found..resting at the bottom of a vertical chimney-like burrow. 1955 V. Palmer Let Birds Fly 108 No, you ol' sandcrab, you don't know Charlie. sand-creeper n. [? < Dutch zandkruiper] a South African fish. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun] whalec950 tumbrelc1300 sprout1340 squame1393 codmop1466 whitefish1482 lineshark?a1500 salen1508 glaucus1509 bretcock1522 warcodling1525 razor1530 bassinatc1540 goldeney1542 smy1552 maiden1555 grail1587 whiting1587 needle1589 pintle-fish1591 goldfish1598 puffin fish1598 quap1598 stork1600 black-tail1601 ellops1601 fork-fish1601 sea-grape1601 sea-lizard1601 sea-raven1601 barne1602 plosher1602 whale-mouse1607 bowman1610 catfish1620 hog1620 kettle-fish1630 sharpa1636 carda1641 housewifea1641 roucotea1641 ox-fisha1642 sea-serpent1646 croaker1651 alderling1655 butkin1655 shamefish1655 yard1655 sea-dart1664 sea-pelican1664 Negro1666 sea-parrot1666 sea-blewling1668 sea-stickling1668 skull-fish1668 whale's guide1668 sennet1671 barracuda1678 skate-bread1681 tuck-fish1681 swallowtail1683 piaba1686 pit-fish1686 sand-creeper1686 horned hog1702 soldier1704 sea-crowa1717 bran1720 grunter1726 calcops1727 bennet1731 bonefish1734 Negro fish1735 isinglass-fish1740 orb1740 gollin1747 smelt1776 night-walker1777 water monarch1785 hardhead1792 macaw-fish1792 yellowback1796 sea-raven1797 blueback1812 stumpnose1831 flat1847 butterfish1849 croppie1856 gubbahawn1857 silt1863 silt-snapper1863 mullet-head1866 sailor1883 hogback1893 skipper1898 stocker1904 1686 F. Willughby & J. Ray De Hist. Piscium* App. 24 [Pisces Indici] Sand Creeper Belgis. 1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 203 There is a fish at the Cape call'd a Sand-Creeper, from its keeping near sandy shores. sand-cricket n. U.S. a cricket belonging to the genus Stenopelmatus, esp. S. fasciatus. ΚΠ 1884 Standard Nat. Hist. II. 185 Throughout the Rocky Mountain region..are found several species of large, fierce looking insects... They are popularly known as sand-crickets. sand dab n. (a) either of two eastern North American flatfishes, the American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides, or the windowpane, Scophthalmus aquosus; (b) dialect = dab n.² ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > member of genus Hippoglossus (halibut) halibutc1430 turbot1555 roughback1795 sand dab1839 witch1874 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Scophthalmidae (turbot) > genus or member of Scophthalmus > scophthalmus aquosus (sand dab) sand dab1839 windowpane1873 daylight1880 1839 D. H. Storer in D. H. Storer & W. B. O. Peabody Rep. Fishes, Reptiles & Birds Mass. 143 Platessa dentata..known by the fishermen as the ‘Sand-dab’ in the Boston market. 1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 33 Of Yorkshire it [Pleuronectes limanda] is..abundant, and known as the ‘sand-dab’ at Redcar. 1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 197 The Sand Dab, or Rough Dab, Hippoglossoides platessoides..is taken in winter by the line fishermen of New England. 1903 T. H. Bean Fishes N.Y. 726 Sand Dab..is also known as the rusty dab. 1924 J. O. La Gorce Bk. Fishes 15/1 The Sand Dab, lying on the sand, has harmonizing blotches imprinted all over the upper part of its body. 1954 J. Steinbeck Sweet Thursday xxiv. 155 Joe Elegant ordered sand dabs for supper. sand dart n. a moth, Agrotis ripæ. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Noctuidae > genus Agrotis (dart-moths) > agrotis ripae (sand dart) sand dart1880 1880 O. S. Wilson Larvæ Brit. Lepidoptera 243 Agrotis ripæ, Hub. The Sand Dart. sand-darter n. an etheostomine fish of the genus Ammocrypta, esp. A. pellucida (Cent. Dict.). sand-diver n. a West Indian lizard fish, Synodus intermedius (Webster Suppl. 1902). sand dollar n. a flattened, irregular sea urchin belonging to the order Clypeastroida. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > order Clypeastroidea > member of sand dollar1884 sea-biscuit1949 pansy1954 1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 839 The ‘Sand Dollar’, or ‘Flat Sea Urchin’ (Echinarachnius parma), of the New England coast. 1884 Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 27. 123 The so-called ‘sand dollar’..inhabits the east coast. 1923 Notes & Queries 18 Aug. 133/1 The stone pies appear to be the fossilized remains of certain echinoderms kindred to the North American sand-dollar. 1962 D. Nichols Echinoderms v. 76 Among the gnathostomes the clypeasteroid sand-dollars achieve probably the greatest specialization, some, such as the Key-hole Urchin, Rotula, becoming remarkably flat and possessing holes through the test. 1969 R. Lowell Notebk. 1967–8 70 His face an azure sand-dollar on the pail of a child. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 6 Nov. 17- a/4 I stare down at the water-stained sand, hoping to find a sand dollar. sand fiddler n. U.S. a small burrowing fiddler crab of the genus Uca. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > member of Ocypodidae (fiddler-crab and sand crab) fiddler1714 calling crab1832 lady crab1844 sand crab1844 sand fiddler1852 fighting crab1868 1852 C. H. Wiley Life in South 30/1 Sand-fiddler,..the local name for a small animal of the shell-fish kind. 1973 Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. lx. 1 The long beaches are left to the sun and the surf, the sand fiddlers, the gulls and the pelicans. sand-fish n. (a) a fish of the family Trichodontidæ, esp. one of the genus Trichodon (Cent. Dict.); (b) a book-name for Diplectrum formosum; (c) South African = moggel n.; (d) South African the beaked salmon, Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Myctophiforms > [noun] > order Gonorhynchiformes > member of family Gonorhynchidae sand-fish1896 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of > miscellaneous types of niggerfish1876 sand-fish1896 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > member of genus Labeo (moggel) moggel1838 sand-fish1896 1896 D. S. Jordan & B. W. Evermann Fishes N. & Middle Amer. (Bull. U.S. National Mus. No. 47) i. 1207 Sand-fish. 1925 Ann. S. Afr. Mus. XXI. 125 Beaked Salmon or Sand Fish... Greyish brown above, silvery below. 1946 L. G. Green So Few are Free x. 135 The sandfish..migrates at spawning time. 1947 K. H. Barnard Pictorial Guide S. Afr. Fishes 52 The Sandfish or Moggel..has a more cylindrical body-shape... Its chief character is the mouth with its thick fleshy lips; these form a sucking disc. 1949 B. Vesey-Fitzgerald & F. Lamonte Game Fish of World v. 375 The sandfish, a species of Labeo characterised by the inferior position of the mouth, is another common inhabitant of this river system [sc. the Olifants river]. 1953 J. L. B. Smith Sea Fishes S. Afr. 87 Sandfish or Beaked Salmon (Austral.). sand flea n. (a) = chigoe n.; (b) U.S. a crustacean belonging to the genus Orchestia; (c) a brine-shrimp, Artemiasalina. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Siphonaptera or fleas > [noun] > pulex or sarcopsylla penetrans (chigoe) nigua1555 chigoe1708 pique1748 red-buga1750 jigger flea1756 trigera1757 sand flea1796 tungua1815 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Entomostraca > order Phyllopoda > suborder Branchiopoda > member of genus Artemia sand flea1796 sea monkey1973 1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam I. xiv. 352 The chigoe is a kind of small sand-flea, that gets in between the skin and the flesh. 1848 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms Sand-Flea, or Beach-Flea (Genus, Orchestia. Leach). 1884 E. Ingersoll in Harper's Mag. Aug. 391/2 You are surrounded by clouds of little sand~fleas (Artemia salina). sand fluke n. dialect a flatfish, Pleuronectes microcephalus. ΚΠ a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1885) III. 319 The sand flooke, resemblinge the sole. 1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 29 Pleuronectes microcephalus... Sand-fleuk, Edinburgh. sand-gaper n. = sand-clam n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Siphonida > sinu-pallialia > family Myacidae fleming1603 clam1672 clamp1672 basket-shell1713 Mya1777 soft clam1800 smurlin1806 sand-clam1809 long clam1811 old maid1815 softshell clam1818 maninose1843 gaper1853 long neck1857 geoduck1881 bluenose1883 sand-gaper1887 mano1899 1887 G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S.: Hist. & Methods II. 580 English books and people call it [Mya arenaria] the ‘sand-gaper’, the ‘old maid’, &c. sand goanna n. an Australian monitor lizard, Varanus gouldii. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Varanidae or genus Varanus > varanus gouldii (sand monitor) bungarra1897 sand goanna1968 sand monitor1975 1968 K. Weatherly Roo Shooter 119 A sand goanna..has no respect for snakes at all; he would give most of them a very rough time of it. sand goby n. the common goby, Pomatoschistus minutus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Gobioidei > family Gobiidae > member of (goby) gull1495 gudgeon1584 quab1598 quabling1617 goby1769 gobioid1845 sea-gudgeon1864 gobiid1883 oysterfish1903 sand goby1911 1911 F. Ward Marvels of Fish Life ii. 13 The sand goby..merely scoops out a hollow. 1935 D. B. Wilson Life of Shore & Shallow Sea viii. 88 Sand gobies..could not possibly see the bait. 1971 Nature 21 May 150/2 Other workers have found that the scarcity of the sand goby in inshore waters is matched by an increase offshore. sand-hopper n. a crustacean, Talitrus locusta; also, a sand flea of the genus Orchestia. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > miscellaneous types > talitrus locusta (sand-hopper) sand-hopper1790 sand-skipper1871 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Siphonaptera or fleas > [noun] > member of genus Orchestia sea-flea1658 sand-hopper1790 sand-skipper1871 sand-jumper1900 1790 J. Hassell Tour Isle of Wight II. xxv. 131 Another particular species of fish..to which they give the name of Sandhopper, from its motion, which consists of a hop or bound, like that of a grasshopper; in all other respects it resembles a shrimp, as well in make as in colour. 1818 Sporting Mag. 2 158 Such insects as ‘sea-lice’ and ‘sand-hoppers’. 1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man ii. ix. 337 The male sand-hopper (Orchestia) does not acquire his large claspers..until nearly full-grown. sand-hornet n. a sand-wasp; esp. one of the family Crabronidæ (Cent. Dict.). sand-jumper n. = sand-hopper n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Siphonaptera or fleas > [noun] > member of genus Orchestia sea-flea1658 sand-hopper1790 sand-skipper1871 sand-jumper1900 1900 S. R. Crockett Little Anna Mark xviii Pools to dabble your feet in..out among the dulse and the sand-jumpers. sand-launce n. (also sand-lance) = sand-eel n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Ammodytoidei ( sand-lances) > member of genus Ammodytes (sand-eel) sand-eel1307 sandlingc1440 smould1605 lant1620 launce1623 ammodyte1698 sand-launce1776 gibbin1798 wriggle1816 1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) III. iv. 156 Launce..Sand. 1864 P. H. Gosse in Good Words 358 What is this writhing, wriggling thing, that looks like a narrow tape of burnished silver? It is a Sand-launce. 1905 D. S. Jordan Guide Study of Fishes II. xxix. 521 The small family of sand-lances..comprises small, slender, silvery fishes, of both Arctic and tropical seas. 1975 New Yorker 12 May 80/3 The sand lances had both the length and the diameter of standard pencils. sand lizard n. (a) a common European lizard, Lacerta agilis; (b) U.S. a fringe-toed lizard of the genus Uma or the striped race-runner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Iguanidae > member of genus Uma (fringe-toed lizard) sand lizard1855 the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Teiidae > cnemidophorus sexlineatus (race-runner) sand lizard1855 the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Lacertidae > genus Lacerta > lacerta agilis (sand-lizard) sand asp1833 sand lizard1855 1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Sand-lizard. 1882 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 734/1 The Sand-Lizard (Lacerta agilis), which is confined to some localities in the south of England. 1910 R. L. Ditmars Reptiles of World iii. 173 The Sand Lizard or Striped Race-Runner..is the only species of its genus ranging into the southeastern portion of the United States. 1915 E. G. Boulenger Reptiles & Batrachians i. iv. 81 The Sand Lizard..is a very local creature with us, confined to sandy heaths. 1928 Bunker's Mag. Jan. 73 The little sand lizards so common in West Texas possess the same ability to snap off their tails when they get into a tight corner. 1954 R. C. Stebbins Amphibians & Reptiles Western N. Amer. 224/1 Buried sand lizards can sometimes be frightened from the sand. 1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts 127 405/2 The heathland..is the habitat of reptiles such as the smooth snake and sand lizard. Thesaurus » Categories » sand lob n. = sand-worm n. (Cent. Dict.). sandlurker n. = pride n.² ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superclass Agnatha > [noun] > suborder Petromyzontoidei or genus Petromyzon > member of (lamprey) > fresh-water lampern1324 pride?a1325 river lamprey1600 sand-prey1836 sand-pride1836 sandlurker1859 1859–62 J. Richardson et al. Museum Nat. Hist. II. 111/1 The various names of Prid, Pride, Sandpride, Sand~lurker [etc.]. sand martin n. a variety of the martin n.⁴, Riparia riparia, which nests in the side of a sandpit. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Hirundinidae > genus Riparia (sand-martin) bank martnet1544 western1553 bank swallow1633 water swallow1633 bank martin1668 sand martin1668 land-martin1674 shore-bird1676 sand-swallow1797 river swallow1817 shore swallow1869 1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 90 Hirundo riparia..the Sand, or Bank Marten. 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 213 The Sand-Martin, or Shore-bird. 1774 G. White Let. 26 Feb. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 175 The sand-martin, or bank-martin, is by much the least of any of the British hirundines. 1884 Cassell's Family Mag. Mar. 220/1 Steep banks of sandstone, riddled with the holes of the sand~martin. sand-mason n. a burrowing polychæte tube-worm belonging to the genus Lanice; also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [noun] > class Chaetopoda > order Polychaeta > suborder Sabelliformia > genus Terebella > member of sand-masona1851 shell-binder1863 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [adjective] > belonging to class Chaetopoda > belonging to order Polychaeta > suborder Sabelliformia > of member of genus Terebella sand-mason1977 a1851 J. G. Dalyell Powers of Creator (1853) II. 183 Terebella littoralis, seu arenaria. The Sand Mason. 1935 E. G. Boulenger Nat. Hist. Seas v. 77 Another common worm is the Sand Mason.., the tubes of which few can have overlooked. 1977 Radio Times 12 Nov. 19/1 Now he has photographed the denizens of mudflats: sea urchins, sand-mason worms, and the dog-whelk. sand-mole n. [Dutch zandmoll] a mole of the South African species Bathyergus maritimus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [noun] > order Insectivora > family Chrysochloridae (golden mole) golden mole1787 chrysochlore1847 sand-mole1850 Cape mole1889 1850 A. White Pop. Hist. Mammalia 232 Another member of this family..is also a native of South Africa: this is the Coast Rat or Sand-Mole (Bathyergus maritimus). sand monitor n. (a) the land-crocodile, Monitor or Psammosaurus arenarius (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1887); (b) = sand goanna n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Varanidae or genus Varanus > varanus gouldii (sand monitor) bungarra1897 sand goanna1968 sand monitor1975 1975 H. G. Coggar Reptiles & Amphibians Austral. 236/1 Gould's Goanna or Sand Monitor... A widespread species subject to considerable geographic variation in colour, pattern and size. † sand-mussel n. Obsolete (see quot. 1681). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Mytilidae > member of (mussel) palour1589 sand-mussel1681 pearl shell1781 mytiloid1890 kuku1905 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. vi. ii. 147 The Sand-Muscle. Tellina. They live much in the Sand. sandnecker n. a flatfish, Platessa limandoides. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > miscellaneous types of sandnecker1835 town-dab1836 rock sole1850 sand-sucker1862 Greenland halibut1872 whiff1873 greenback1947 1835 L. Jenyns Man. Brit. Vertebr. Animals 459 Platessa Limandoides, Nob. (Sandnecker). sand-partridge n. a partridge of the genus Ammoperdix (Cent. Dict.). sand-peep n. a familiar name in the U.S. for various small sandpipers. ΚΠ 1872 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds 254 This species and the last are usually confounded under the common name of ‘sandpeeps’. sand perch n. U.S. a small bass, Roccus americanus, found in marine and fresh water in eastern North America. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of genus Roccus rockfish1605 squid-hound1794 striped bass1818 sand perch1878 greenhead1884 striper1945 1878 C. Hallock Sportsman's Gaz. 378 Sand Perch, or Bachelor Perch;..Apparently a cross between the yellow belly and silver perch. 1946 Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 4 Aug. iv. 4- d/2 There is always the likelihood of catching..sand perch and blue-nosed perch. 1965 A. J. McClane Standard Fishing Encycl. 737/1 The sand perch..is one of the small sea basses distributed from North Carolina to Texas. sand pigeon n. (a) see quot. 1884; (b) the stock-dove, Columba œnas (Eng. Dial. Dict.). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Pteroclidae (sand-grouse) grouse1772 sand-grouse1783 rock pigeon1834 sand pigeon1884 the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > genus Columba > columba oenas (stock-dove) wood-culvera1100 stock-dovec1340 wood-quest1543 wood pigeon1668 stock pigeon1783 stoggie1864 sand pigeon1884 1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 562 The Sand-grouse (better Sand-pigeons) or Pterocletes. sand-pike n. the sauger ( S. canadense); also the lizard-fish, Synodus fœtens. ΚΠ 1890 Cent. Dict. at Pike Sand-pike. sand plover n. a local name for plovers of the genera Ægialitis and Squatarola. ΚΠ 1842 W. MacGillivray Man. Brit. Ornithol. II. 52 Charadrius Hiaticula. Ringed Sand-Plover. 1842 W. MacGillivray Man. Brit. Ornithol. II. 53 Charadrius Cantianus. Kentish Sand-Plover. 1889 Parker Catal. N.Z. Exhib. 116 But two genera of the group [Wading Birds] are found only in New Zealand, the Sand-plover and the Wry-billed Plover. sand-prey n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superclass Agnatha > [noun] > suborder Petromyzontoidei or genus Petromyzon > member of (lamprey) > fresh-water lampern1324 pride?a1325 river lamprey1600 sand-prey1836 sand-pride1836 sandlurker1859 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 459 The Pride, and Sandpride. Sandprey, and Mud lamprey. sand-pride n. = pride n.² ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superclass Agnatha > [noun] > suborder Petromyzontoidei or genus Petromyzon > member of (lamprey) > fresh-water lampern1324 pride?a1325 river lamprey1600 sand-prey1836 sand-pride1836 sandlurker1859 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 459 The Pride, and Sandpride. Sandprey, and Mud lamprey. sand rat n. a North American rat of the genus Thomomys, esp. T. talpoides. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Geomyidae (gopher) sand rat1781 tuza1787 mungofa1789 salamander1805 gopher1814 pocket gopher1873 1781 T. Pennant Hist. Quadrupeds II. 466 Sand Rat. Mus Arenarius. 1894–5 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. III. 149 In size the naked sand-rats (Heterocephalus) may be compared to a common mouse. sand roller n. the trout perch (Webster Suppl. 1902). sand-runner n. a sand-plover or sandpiper (Newton). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of sandpiper1674 stone-runner1681 sand bird1709 piper1793 tattler1831 water junket1833 tip-up1848 kitty-needy1850 weet-weet1852 peep1864 sand-runner1894 the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Charadriidae > genus Charadrius > charadrius hiaticula (ringed plover) sea-lark1602 ringlestonesa1682 stone-runner1681 sand laverock1694 sandy laverock1710 ring-necked plover1750 towillee1758 sand lark1771 ringed plover1776 ring dotterel1797 ring plover1797 dulwilly1802 ring-neck1837 ringed sand plover1842 stonehatch1852 miller1885 sand-runner1894 the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > genus Calidris > calidris alba (sanderling) stint1519 sanderling1602 curwillet1674 towillee1758 ruddy plover1785 sand-runner1894 the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > genus Calidris > calidris alpinus (dunlin) stint1519 dunlin1531 oxbirda1547 sea-lark1602 purre1611 ox-eye1612 jack snipe1664 spar1668 pickerel1684 sand laverock1694 sandy laverock1710 sea-snipe1767 plover's page1771 sand lark1771 red-back1813 red-backed sandpiper1813 ebb-sleeper1837 oxybird1887 simpleton1890 plover's provider1892 sand-runner1894 1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III iii. 813 Sand-runner, like the foregoing [sc. sand-plover], but perhaps sometimes used more for Sandpiper. 1913 H. K. Swann Dict. Names Brit. Birds 205 Sand Runner: The Dunlin. Also the Ringed Plover and the Sanderling on the Humber. 1979 Bull. Yorks. Dial. Soc. Summer 7 We would find eggs on the sand at the sea side of the Point laid by a bird we called a sand runner. sand-saucer n. (see quot. 1885). ΚΠ 1885 Standard Nat. Hist. I. 346 The egg masses of the Naticas bear the common name sand-saucers. sandscrew n. an amphipod, Lepidactylis arenaria. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Arthostraca > order Amphipoda > member of amphipod1835 sandscrew1863 1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 623 Sand-screw, Sutcator arenarius... So called from the odd movements which it makes when laid upon dry sand, wriggling along [etc.]. sand-shark n. (a) U.S. a kind of shark (see quot. 1884); one belonging to the family Carchariidæ, esp. Carcharias taurus; (b) Australia a variety of ray-fish (see quot. 1882); = guitar-fish n. at guitar n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Hypotremata > [noun] > member of family Rhinobatidae (guitar-fish) shark-ray1836 rhinobatid1859 sand-shark1882 guitar-fish1905 the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > family Carcharinidae > member of (sand-shark) sand-shark1882 the world > animals > fish > subclass Elasmobranchii > order Pleurotremata > [noun] > family Carcharinidae > member of genus Carcharias white shark1673 lamia1728 Gangetic shark1879 sand-shark1882 1882 J. E. Tenison-Woods Fish & Fisheries New S. Wales 93 Rhinobatus granulatus, blind or sand shark. 1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 671 The Sand Shark—Odontaspis littoralis. This species..is found..from New England southward to Charleston. 1938 A. H. Verrill Strange Fish ix. 92 Certain species of sharks..may be considered harmless to man. Such are the sand-sharks and dogfish. 1949 W. W. Small in Vesey-Fitzgerald & Lamonte Game Fish of World v. 381 A sandshark (really a shovelnose skate)..can give an angler hell. 1961 E. S. Herald Living Fishes of World 17/2 Sand sharks—Family Carchariidæ. 1968 D. O'Grady Bottle of Sandwiches 51 He said it was only a sand-shark, or shovel-nose. sand shell n. a yellow river mussel, or naiad ( Lampsilus anodontoides) of the Mississippi River; also, applied to Lampsilus rectus (Webster Suppl. 1902). sand shrimp n. a shrimp, esp. Crangon vulgaris ( Cent. Dict.). sand-skink n. a skink found in sandy places; esp. Seps ocellatus ( Cent. Dict.). sand-skipper n. = sand-hopper n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > miscellaneous types > talitrus locusta (sand-hopper) sand-hopper1790 sand-skipper1871 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Siphonaptera or fleas > [noun] > member of genus Orchestia sea-flea1658 sand-hopper1790 sand-skipper1871 sand-jumper1900 1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man ii. ix. 334 This same naturalist separated a male sand-skipper (so common on our sea-shores), Gammarus marinus, from its female. sand-smelt n. the smelt Atherina presbyter. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Atheriniformes > [noun] > member of family Atherinidae (smelt) friar1603 atherine1771 smelt1776 sand-smelt1836 roselet1862 nonnat1868 grunion1917 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes I. 214 The Atherine, or Sandsmelt. sand-snake n. (a) a snake of the genus Eryx = ammodyte n. 1; (b) = desert-snake n. at desert n.² Compounds 2 (Cent. Dict.). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Boidae (boas) > member of genus Eryx (sand boa) sand-viper1668 sand-snake1753 sand boa1910 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Ammodytes..or sand-snake, from its sand-like colour. 1896 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. V. 193 From their allies, the sand-snakes are distinguished by the small scales being either smooth or singly keeled [etc.]. sand-snipe n. (see quot. 1848). ΚΠ 1848 Zoologist 6 2137 All the sand-pipers..are indiscriminately known as ‘sand-snipes’ [Leicestershire]. sand-sole n. the sole Solea lascaris. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Soleidae (soles) > member of genus Solea sole1347 queen1671 sand-sole1880 1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 42 Solea lascaris... The..‘sand~sole’ from the localities it frequents. sand-star n. a starfish of the genus Ophiura, esp. O. texturata. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Asteroidea > member of (starfish) starfish1538 sea-pad1558 sea-star1569 star1569 pad1613 finger fish1709 sea-sun1731 stelleridan1835 stelliridean1837 asteroid1841 sand-star1841 spoon-worm1841 sun star1841 sun starfish1850 Stellerid1882 stelleroid1900 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Ophiuroidea > member of Ophiura1837 brittlestar1841 sand-star1841 serpent-star1851 ophiuran1864 spinigrade1864 ophiurid1869 ophiuroid1870 ophiure1890 1841 E. Forbes Hist. Brit. Starfishes 23 Common Sand-star. Ophiura texturata. Lam. 1841 E. Forbes Hist. Brit. Starfishes 27 Lesser Sand-star. Ophiura albida. Forbes. sand-sucker n. (a) the flatfish Platessa limandoides; (b) U.S. a popular name for soft-bodied animals which hide in the sand, as ascidians, holothurians, or nereids ( Cent. Dict.). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > miscellaneous types of sandnecker1835 town-dab1836 rock sole1850 sand-sucker1862 Greenland halibut1872 whiff1873 greenback1947 1862 A. Günther Catal. Fishes Brit. Mus. IV. 405 Hippoglossoides limandoides. The rough Dab or Sandsucker. 1876 S. Smiles Life Sc. Naturalist xiv. 287 Amongst the rare fishes caught by them were the Sandsucker, Platessa limandoides [etc.]. sand-swallow n. (see quot. 1797). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Hirundinidae > genus Riparia (sand-martin) bank martnet1544 western1553 bank swallow1633 water swallow1633 bank martin1668 sand martin1668 land-martin1674 shore-bird1676 sand-swallow1797 river swallow1817 shore swallow1869 1797 R. Beilby & T. Bewick Hist. Brit. Birds I. 258 (heading) Sand Martin... or Sand Swallow. (Hirundo riparia). sand-viper n. (a) = sand-snake n. (a); (b) U.S. regional a snake of the genus Heterodon (Cent. Dict.). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Boidae (boas) > member of genus Eryx (sand boa) sand-viper1668 sand-snake1753 sand boa1910 1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 30 Ammodites,..the sand Viper. 1896 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. V. 233 Another well-known poisonous European snake is the long-nosed, or sand-viper (Vipera ammodytes). sand-wasp n. a digger-wasp (see digger n. 4). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > super family Sphecoidea or family Sphecidae > member of (digger-wasp) sand-wasp1813 digger1847 plasterer1857 digger-wasp1880 sphecid1895 fossor1938 1813 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 4) III. 257 The Sand-wasp. 1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 270 Sand-wasps (Crabronidæ, Pompilidæ). These..have a simple trochanter, a stalked abdomen, and a sting. sand whiting n. (a) see quot. 1882; (b) the Carolina whiting Menticirrhus Americanus (Webster Suppl. 1902). ΚΠ 1882 J. E. Tenison-Woods Fish & Fisheries New S. Wales 65 The ‘whitings’ are not like those of Europe. There are..four Australian species—the common sand whiting (Sillago maculata),..the trumpeter whiting (Sillago bassensis),.. Sillago punctata, the whiting of Melbourne..and Sillago ciliata. sand-worm n. the lug-worm Arenicola marina or piscatorum. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Annelida > [noun] > class Chaetopoda > order Polychaeta > suborder Scoleciformia > family Arenicolidae > member of (lug-worms) lug1602 squirrel-tail1653 sand-worm1776 treachet1787 lug-worm1813 lob-worm1854 sand lob1889 1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) III. iv. 237 The next baits in esteem are..sand worms, muscles, and limpets. 1896 R. Lydekker Royal Nat. Hist. VI. 435 We may take as our first example [of the group Tubicola] the sand-worm (Arenicola piscatorum). c. In the names of plants. See also sand verbena n. at verbena n. 4. sand blackberry n. (see quot. 1859). ΚΠ 1859 W. Darlington & G. Thurber Amer. Weeds & Useful Plants 128 Rubus cuneifolius,..Sand Blackberry. sand cherry n. North American a shrub or small tree, Prunus pumila, of central North America, or a related species, P. besseyi, of the western states; also, the fruit of these plants. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > stone fruit > [noun] > cherry > types of black cherry1530 geana1533 Plinian1577 cherrylet1605 agriot1611 morel1611 cœur-cherry1626 bigarreau1629 May-cherry1629 morello1629 duracine1655 black heart1664 duke1664 red-hearta1678 prince royal1686 May duke1718 ox-heart1731 sand cherry1778 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > trees or plants bearing stone fruit > cherry tree > types of mahaleb1558 goynire1572 mazzard1578 bird cherry1597 ground-cherry1601 wild cherry1666 red cherry1681 Royal Ann1724 sand cherry1778 rum cherry1818 marasca1852 sakura1884 black cherry1898 Japanese cherry1901 Tibetan cherry1948 1778 J. Carver Trav. N.-Amer. 30 Near the borders of the Lake [Michigan] grow a great number of sand cherries. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 168 On its banks are found amazing quantities of sand cherries. 1800 A. Henry Jrnl. 17 Aug. (1988) I. 18 We found an abundance of Sand-Cherries, which were..of an excellent flavor. 1970 J. H. Gray Boy from Winnipeg 55 When we tired of that [sc. swimming] we would go picking sand-cherries. sand elm n. a variety of elm, Ulmus suberosa. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elms > [noun] wycheOE elmc1000 ulm-treec1000 witch hazela1400 all-heart1567 ulme1567 white elm1580 wych elm1582 witchen1594 weeping elm1606 trench-elm1676 smooth-leaved elm1731 witch elm1731 water elm1733 slippery elm1748 Scotch elm1769 wahoo1770 American elm1771 red elm1805 witches' elm1808 moose elm1810 cork-elm1813 rock elm1817 swamp elm1817 planer tree1819 Jersey elm1838 winged elm1858 sand elm1878 Exeter-elm1882 1878 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 152/1 The Dutch or Sand Elm is a tree very similar to the wych elm. sand flower n. = sandwort n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > sandwort sandwort1597 sea pimpernel1633 mountain chickweed1659 sea spurrey1762 sea-chickweed1786 arenariaa1806 sand-weed1849 sea-sandwort1850 sea spurrey sandwort1853 mountain sandwort1884 sand flower1916 1916 W. de la Mare Songs of Childhood (new ed.) 80 Alliolyle where the sand-flower blows Taught three old apes to sing. 1937 D. Thomas in Life & Letters Spring 70 He stumbled on over sand and sandflowers like a blind boy in the sun. sand grass n. (a) any species of grass which grows in sand and serves the purpose of a sand-binder (see quots.); (b) New Zealand = pingao n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bent grass, rush, or sedge sedgec1000 flaga1387 sniddlea1400 bentc1425 helm1640 marram1640 beach-grass1681 spreta1700 bent-grass1777 marsh grass1785 sea-grass1791 sedge-grass1847 sand grass1856 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sedges starc1300 carexa1398 float-grassc1440 red sedge1480 sag1531 pry grassa1600 flea-grass1670 star-grass1782 sedge1785 sea sedge1796 sharp-pry-grass1803 blue star grass1807 whip-grass1814 flea-sedge1816 saw-grass1822 mud rush1824 tight-locka1825 nut grass1830 razor grass1834 twig-rush1836 nut rush1843 sand grass1856 mud sedge1859 niggerhead1859 nutsedge1861 pingao1867 sword-rush1875 tupak-grass1884 tussock-sedge1884 sennegrass1897 nigger's-head1921 1856 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. (1860) 556 Triplasis purpurea (Sand-Grass)... In sand, Massachusetts to Virginia along the coast, and southward. 1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. §594. 426 The sand-grasses, Elymus arenarius, Arundo arenaria,..are valuable binding weeds on shifting sandy shores. 1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 2 White seashore sandhills..for..the wind..to pile into hillocks, until the wily pingau (native sand grass), creeping snakelike along,..bound [them] into masses. 1959 A. H. McLintock Descr. Atlas N.Z. 31 Planting of sand grass, lupins, and, in places, pines..is needed to protect farm land. † sand-hooker tree n. Obsolete = sandbox tree (see sandbox n. 3). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > South American and West Indian trees or shrubs > [noun] > sand-box sandbox1750 sand-hooker tree1796 monkey's dinner bell1849 1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xxiii. 164 The sand~hooker tree..receives its name from the fruit, which being divested of its seed, is used as a sand-box by writers. sand-jack n. (see quot. 1884). ΚΠ 1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 153 Quercus cinerea Michaux... Upland Willow Oak. Blue Jack. Sand Jack. Thesaurus » Categories » sand-leek n. the rocambole, Allium Scorodoprasum (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1887). sand lily n. (a) U.S. a stemless rhizomatous herb, Leucocrinum montanum, belonging to the family Liliaceæ and bearing clusters of fragrant white flowers; (b) a bulbous plant, Pancratium maritimum, belonging to the family Amaryllidaceæ, native to the Mediterranean region, and bearing fragrant white flowers; = sea-daffodil n. at sea n. Compounds 6f. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > sea-daffodil sea-daffodil1597 sea-narcissus1669 sand lily1909 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > allied flowers dog's tooth1578 daylily1597 mountain saffron1597 phalangium1608 Savoy spiderwort1629 hemerocallis1648 tuberose1664 St Bruno's lily1706 superb lily1731 agapanthus1789 Spanish squill1790 erythronium1797 Tritoma1804 Spanish harebell1808 veltheimia1808 adder's tongue1817 bunch flower1818 Puschkinia1820 hedychium1822 eremurus1836 flame lily1841 lily pink1848 mountain spiderwort1849 lloydia1850 kniphofia1854 garland-flower1866 red-hot poker1870 swamp-lover1878 African lily1882 flame-flower1882 Scarborough lily1882 wood-lily1882 St. Bernard lily1883 torch-lily1884 rajanigandha1885 ginger lily1892 chinkerinchee1904 snow lily1907 sand lily1909 avalanche lily1912 Spanish bluebell1924 mountain lily1932 chink1949 poker1975 1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Sand lily, a white-flowered scapose liliaceous plant..of the western United States. 1929 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 939/1 Sand Lily..native to plains and mountain valleys from South Dacota and Nebraska west to California. 1951 T. H. Kearney & R. H. Peebles Arizona Flora 177 The star-lily or sand-lily..is to be looked for in northern Arizona. 1956 G. Durrell My Family & Other Animals xvi. 215 The smooth curve of the dune..was the only place on the island [sc. Corfu] where these sand lilies grew, strange, misshapen bulbs buried in the sand, that once a year sent up thick green leaves and white flowers above the surface. 1973 Hitchcock & Cronquist Flora Pacific Northwest 691 Fl[ower]s white, rather showy, borne in clusters... Sand lily, star lily. sand myrtle n. a small evergreen shrub, Leiophyllum buxifolium, of the family Ericaceæ, native to eastern North America and bearing pink or white flowers. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > North-American wild tea1728 bastard indigo1730 mountain heath1731 groundsel-tree1736 amorpha1751 buttonbush1754 moosewood1778 pipestem wood1791 modesty1809 sand myrtle1814 wicopy1823 lead-plant1833 false indigo1841 sleek-leaf1845 arrow weed1848 rabbit bush1852 ribbonwood1860 rabbit brush1877 sea myrtle1883 pencil tree1884 tar-bush1884 ocean spray1906 1814 F. Pursh Flora Amer. Septentrionalis I. 301 Ammyrsine buxifolia..known by the name of Sand-myrtle among the inhabitants of New Jersey. 1845–50 A. H. Lincoln Familiar Lect. Bot. (new ed.) v. 118 Leiophyllum..buxifolium (sand myrtle). 1882 Harper's Mag. June 71 Of the smaller shrubs now in bloom we find the sand-myrtle, with its terminal umbel-like clusters of small pinkish flowers. 1943 R. Peattie Great Smokies & Blue Ridge 266 Tangled growths of rhododendrons..with some amounts of mountain laurel, blueberry, smilax, and occasionally sand myrtle. sand-oat n. = sand-reed n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sea bent or sea reed grass sea-reedc1550 sea-bent1562 sea matweed1597 sea reed-grass1777 sand-reed1805 bent-star1822 sea matgrass1840 sand-sedge1842 sand-oat1881 1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 60/1 The dunes show a tendency, except where the Dutch prevent it by planting wood or sand-oats, to wear away on the side towards the sea. sand pear n. an East Asian species of pear, Pyrus pyrifolia. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > other types of pear calewey1377 choke-pear1530 muscadel1555 lording1573 bon-chrétienc1575 Burgundian pear1578 king pear1585 amiot1600 bergamot1600 butter pear1600 dew-pear1600 greening1600 bottle pear1601 gourd-pear1601 critling1611 pearc1612 nutmeg1629 rosewater pear1629 amber pear1638 Christian1651 chesil1664 diego1664 frith-pear1664 primate1664 saffron pear1664 Windsor pear1664 nonsuch1674 muscat1675 burnt-cat1676 ambrette1686 sanguinole1693 satin1693 St. Germain pear1693 amadot1706 burree1719 Doyenne1731 beurré1736 colmar1736 chaumontel1755 Marie Louise1817 seckel1817 vergaloo1828 Passe Colmar1837 glou-morceau1859 London sugar1860 Kieffer pear1880 sand pear1880 sandy pear1884 nashi1892 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of calewey1377 honey peara1400 pome-pear1440 pome-wardena1513 choke-pear1530 muscadel1555 worry pear1562 lording1573 bon-chrétienc1575 Burgundian pear1578 king pear1585 pound pear1585 poppering1597 wood of Jerusalem1597 muscadine1598 amiot1600 bergamot1600 butter pear1600 dew-pear1600 greening1600 mollart1600 roset1600 wax pear1600 bottle pear1601 gourd-pear1601 Venerian pear1601 musk pear1611 rose pear1611 pusill1615 Christian1629 nutmeg1629 rolling pear1629 surreine1629 sweater1629 amber pear1638 Venus-pear1648 horse-pear1657 Martin1658 russet1658 rousselet1660 diego1664 frith-pear1664 maudlin1664 Messire Jean1664 primate1664 sovereign1664 spindle-pear1664 stopple-pear1664 sugar-pear1664 virgin1664 Windsor pear1664 violet-pear1666 nonsuch1674 muscat1675 burnt-cat1676 squash pear1676 rose1678 Longueville1681 maiden-heart1685 ambrette1686 vermilion1691 admiral1693 sanguinole1693 satin1693 St. Germain pear1693 pounder pear1697 vine-pear1704 amadot1706 marchioness1706 marquise1706 Margaret1707 short-neck1707 musk1708 burree1719 marquis1728 union pear1728 Doyenne pear1731 Magdalene1731 beurré1736 colmar1736 Monsieur Jean1736 muscadella1736 swan's egg1736 chaumontel1755 St Michael's pear1796 Williams1807 Marie Louise1817 seckel1817 Bartlett1828 vergaloo1828 Passe Colmar1837 glou-morceau1859 London sugar1860 snow-pear1860 Comice1866 Kieffer pear1880 sand pear1880 sandy pear1884 snowy pear1884 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole iii. xxi. 593 The Sand peare is a reasonable good peare, but Small.] 1880 Gardener's Monthly Feb. 49/1 The Kieffer Pear.—A contemporary asks what evidence there is that this is a hybrid between the Chinese Sand Pear, and the ordinary garden variety? 1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) IV. 1722/2 Sand Pear... Edible var[ietie]s are grown in China and Japan. sand pine n. ΚΠ 1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 199 Pinus clausus Vasey... Sand Pine. sand pink n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1852 G. W. Johnson Cottage Gardeners' Dict. 325 Dianthus arenarius (sand pink). sand-reed n. the marram grass, Ammophila arenaria; cf. marram n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sea bent or sea reed grass sea-reedc1550 sea-bent1562 sea matweed1597 sea reed-grass1777 sand-reed1805 bent-star1822 sea matgrass1840 sand-sedge1842 sand-oat1881 1805 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 109 In Iceland, the grain of sand-reed approaches so nearly to maturity, that [etc.]. 1849 W. H. Harvey Sea-side Bk. i. 12 The sand-reed..naturally grows on the sandy shores of Europe. 1879 Scribner's Monthly Sept. 651/1 After laboriously cleaning their fish, they laid them among the sand-reeds. 1910 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 590/2 The most common plant here is the stiff sand-reed. 1975 M. C. Davis Near Woods i. 3 On a wave-lashed slope, this sand reed measures land's end. sand rocket n. the wall mustard. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Cruciferae (crucifers) > [noun] > other crucifers Raphanusa1398 watercress?a1450 boor's mustard1548 dish-mustard1548 rocket1548 treacle mustard1548 heal-dog1551 Thlaspi1562 candy mustard1597 Grecian mustard1597 Italian rocket1597 knave's mustard1597 madwort1597 mithridate mustard1597 moonwort1597 mithridate1605 wall-rocket1611 broom-wort1614 candytuft1629 draba1629 Turkey cress1633 rock cress1650 shepherd's cress1713 pennycress1714 alyssum1731 arabis1756 tower mustard1760 faverel1770 molewort1770 stinkweed1793 wall cabbage1796 wall-cress1796 awl-wort1797 sickle-pod1846 Kerguelen cabbage1847 sun cress1848 sand rocket1854 wall mustard1904 buckler-mustard- tower-cress- 1854 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. I. 153 Sinapis muralis (Sand-rocket). † sand-rush n. U.S. Obsolete perhaps Equisetum arvense. ΚΠ 1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 15 July in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 383 The..sand-rush and narrow dock are also common. sand-sedge n. = sand-reed n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > sea bent or sea reed grass sea-reedc1550 sea-bent1562 sea matweed1597 sea reed-grass1777 sand-reed1805 bent-star1822 sea matgrass1840 sand-sedge1842 sand-oat1881 1842 J. B. Fraser Mesopot. & Assyria xv. 361 There is no combat here, such as when the sand-reed or sand-sedge..endeavours to climb above the perpetually accumulating sands. sand spurry n. a plant of the genus Spergularia (Cent. Dict.). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > spurrey or spurries spurrey1577 frank1578 spur wort1640 knotted spurrey1771 pearlwort spurrey1797 awl-shaped spurrey1828 spergula1836 sand spurrey1866 sand spurry1866 spurreys1882 sandwort spurrey1887 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 1089/1 Sand Spurry. Spergularia. 1960 S. Ary & M. Gregory Oxf. Bk. Wild Flowers 112/2 The Cliff Sand Spurrey (S. rupicola), found on rocky coasts in the south and west, has glandular hairy stems... Sand Spurrey (S. rubra), common in sandy and gravelly places, is a rather hairy plant. sandstay n. (see quot. 1889). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > [noun] > valued plant > that nourishes or binds soil sandstay1889 1889 J. H. Maiden Useful Native Plants Austral. 642 Leptospermum lævigatum..‘Sandstay’... This shrub is the most effectual of all for arresting the progress of drift sand. sand-weed n. = sandwort n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > sandwort sandwort1597 sea pimpernel1633 mountain chickweed1659 sea spurrey1762 sea-chickweed1786 arenariaa1806 sand-weed1849 sea-sandwort1850 sea spurrey sandwort1853 mountain sandwort1884 sand flower1916 1849 D. G. Rossetti Let. 18 Oct. (1965) I. 78 Curse the big mounds of sand-weed! sand-willow n. Salix fusca. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > willow and allies > [noun] > other types of willow red willow1547 water willow1583 goat's willow1597 rose willow1597 sweet willow1597 French willow1601 siler1607 palm-withy1609 sallowie1610 swallowtail willow1626 willow bay1650 black willow1670 crack-willow1670 grey willow1697 water sallow1761 almond willowa1763 swallow-tailed willow1764 swamp willow1765 golden osier1772 golden willow1772 purple willow1773 sand-willow1786 goat willow1787 purple osier1797 whipcord1812 Arctic willow1818 sage-willow1846 pussy willow1851 Kilmarnock willow1854 sweet-bay willow1857 pussy1858 palm willow1869 Spaniard1871 ground-willow1875 Spanish willow1875 snap-willow1880 diamond willow1884 sandbar willow1884 pussy palm1886 creeping willow1894 bat-willow1907 cricket bat willow1907 silver willow1914 1786 J. Abercrombie Arrangem. Plants 35/2 in Gardeners Daily Assistant Sand willow, downy leaved. sand wood n. (see quot. 1840). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > other trees > [noun] blood tree1785 sea-purslane tree1786 salt-tree1824 fever tree1830 sand wood1840 scrubwood1874 mulatto tree1876 1840 J. Paxton & J. Lindley Pocket Bot. Dict. (at cited word) Sand-wood. Bremontiera Ammoxylon. Draft additions 1993 sand-barite n. [barite n.] Mineralogy = rock rose n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [noun] > crystal structure > specific form needlestone1805 rose1851 spodiosite1887 rosette1905 sand-barite1906 allotriomorph1914 desert rose1929 rock rose1933 peloid1963 1906 H. W. Nichols in Publ. Field Columbian Museum Geol. Ser. III. 31 (heading) Sand-barite crystals from Oklahoma. 1923 Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 3 102 Barite and especially the form known as ‘sand barite rosettes’, has long attracted attention as one of the most widely disseminated of Oklahoma minerals. 1947 Rocks & Minerals 22 706 Farther north in the Baharia Oasis sand barite crystals are found in the Nubian Sandstone. 1962 Amer. Mineralogist 47 1189 Sand-barite analogs of sand-calcite single crystals were discovered recently by Mr. Everett Hill on land adjoining his ranch..south of Hot Springs, South Dakota. 1983 S. I. Tomkeieff et al. Dict. Petrol. 494/2 Rock rose,..a local Oklahoma term for sand barites. Draft additions September 2014 sand flounder n. originally regional any of various kinds of flatfish associated with sandy seabeds; now esp. (U.S.) the windowpane flounder, Scophthalmus aquosus, (New Zealand) the New Zealand flounder, Rhombosolea plebeia of the southwest Pacific (family Pleuronectidae), and members of the family Paralichthyidae.In quot. 1840: the dab, Limanda limanda. ΚΠ 1840 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. 14 156 Platessa limanda Yarr.—Sand-Flounder or Saltie. 1842 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. iv. 302 The Spotted or Watery Turbot..is sometimes called the Watery Flounder, and more frequently the Sand Flounder. 1851 M. H. Perley Catal. Fishes New Brunswick & Nova Scotia 33 The next species, the sand Flounder or small Dab, is a little fish, from 4 to 6 inches in length, nearly of a uniform olive brown; the eyes and colored surface on the right. 1907 Trans. Royal Soc. N.Z. 39 480 Rhombosolea plebeius, commonly known as the sand-flounder. 1991 B. Arnov Fish Florida: Saltwater 28 The IGFA keeps no records on another Florida flounder, the Gulf or sand flounder (Paralichthys albigutta). 2009 Telegram & Gaz. (Mass.) (Nexis) 26 June c3 Windowpane or sand flounder are ‘left-handed’ and large-mouthed like fluke, but are shaped much rounder than other flounder species. Draft additions September 2013 sand tiger n. (more fully sand tiger shark) = grey nurse n. at grey adj. and n. Compounds 1c(b). ΚΠ 1939 Proc. Florida Acad. Sci. 1938 3 11 Probably most of the sharks are of little importance as enemies of food fishes. A possible exception is the sand-tiger. 1981 Amer. Zoologist 21 486/1 Springer..presented evidence for the occurrence of adelphophagy in the sand tiger shark. 2011 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 20 May b1 The big sand tigers are the most popular fish among zoo guests. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online June 2022). sandv. /sand/ Etymology: < sand n.² 1. transitive. To run (a ship) on a sandbank; also passive of a person, to be run aground. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > grounding of vessel > be aground (by so much) [verb (transitive)] > cause to run aground > accidentally warp1535 sand1560 gravel1582 strand1621 1560 J. Jewel Let. in J. Jewel & H. Cole True Copies Lett. sig. O.v^v Although ye bee sanded, & set a grounde, yet ye kepe vp the sayle still, as if ye had water at your wyll. 1592 W. Wyrley Capitall de Buz in True Vse Armorie 129 This skyphier haue I seen through dotage To sand his ship in calme and quiet floud. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. ii. iv. iii. 196 Seamen..when they haue bin sanded or dashed on a rocke, for euer after feare..that mischance. 2. To sprinkle with or as with sand. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > sprinkle (a surface) with something > (as) with specific substance sandc1374 snowc1400 be-ash1530 gravel1543 bemeal1598 kern1613 meal1613 powder-sugar1654 ash1655 sawdust1882 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 773 (822) This gardeyn was large and rayled all þe aleyes..and sonded alle þe weyes. 1453 in S. Bentley Excerpta Hist. (1831) 391 Þat the place where þat the said bataille shalbe be..wel graveled and sanded. 1607 S. Hieron Abridgem. of Gospell in Wks. (1620) I. 154 If now, when the way is thus sanded forth vnto you, you will say, as they did of old, ‘We will not walke therein’. 1607 S. Hieron Mariage-blessing in Wks. (1620) I. 414 If we desire fame, we see here the way sanded out vnto vs; Doe worthily, and be famous. 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 34 All these Paths should be sanded. 1745 E. Young Consolation 113 This wide Waste of Worlds; this vista vast All sanded o'er with Suns. 1818 T. Moore Fudge Family in Paris xii. 62 He wrote,—Upon paper gilt-edged,..Then sanded it over with silver and azure. 1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 102 The floors are sanded in the most primitive country-inn fashion. 1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 716/1 Tawdry modern cast-iron work, ‘sanded’ to represent stone. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. IV. 472 The skin [in myxœdema] becomes rough and scaly, almost as if it were sanded. 3. a. To overlay with sand, to bury under a sand drift; also to sand up, to sand over. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > cover [verb (transitive)] > cover over or up > under the ground or bury > specific inditch1597 immud1611 muda1616 sand1632 1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. 433 This weather, that floud, such a storme, hath blasted our fruites, sanded our grounds,..and vndone vs. 1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 1 222 That vessel perished..in Dunbar Bay, and..was thought to be sanded up. 1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 39 Should the broken tree be sanded over,..it will be difficult..to find the..channel. 1881 M. A. Lewis Two Pretty Girls I. 239 The hay crop in the Lower Croft had been hopelessly sanded. 1918 J. Galsworthy Five Tales ix. 61 They would..sand up his only well in the desert. 1956 R. T. Peterson & J. Fisher Wild Amer. xxxiv. 369 Novashtoshnah, which means ‘the new growth’ (newly sanded up from island to peninsula), is the northeast point of St. Paul. b. To put sand upon (land) as a dressing. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)] > treat with other natural fertilizer marlc1265 chavec1420 chalk?1578 lime1649 soot1707 sand1721 straw-burn1799 sprat1832 loam?1842 guanize1843 guano1847 bone1873 herring1879 1721 J. Edmonds in J. Mortimer Whole Art Husb. I. 101 'Tis now..twenty four Years since he sanded it first. 1867 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 3 ii. 662 The heaviest clay lands are being sanded to a depth of 3 or 4 inches. 4. To intermix sand with (sugar, wool, etc.) for purposes of fraud. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > add as ingredient to a mixture > qualify by admixture > adulterate adulterc1384 feigna1398 sophisticatec1400 infect?1440 counterfeit1495 adulterate?1526 dash1548 falsify1562 elay1573 abuse1574 base1581 corrupt1581 debase1591 adulterize1593 compass1594 sophisticate1604 allay1634 huckster1642 hucksterize1646 cauponize1652 alloy1661 balderdash1674 impurify1693 doctor1726 vitiate1728 sand1851 dope1898 1851 C. Kingsley Yeast xv. 297 To sand the sugar, and sloe-leave the tea. 1880 in G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S.: Hist. & Methods (1887) II. 840 To affirm..that the packers in question were sanding their sponges would not perhaps be justifiable. 1892 J. M. Walsh Tea 133 Sanding or adulterating with a variety of mineral matter, chiefly iron or steel filings, to add to the weight. 5. a. To grind or polish with sand. Also in to sand and canvas (originally Nautical slang.), to clean thoroughly; also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > grind (down) rough-grind1664 to rub down1794 roughen1839 sand1858 profile-grind1941 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > clean [verb (transitive)] yclense971 cleansea1000 farmOE fayc1220 fowc1350 absterse?a1425 mundify?a1425 muck1429 to cast clean1522 absterge1526 sprinkle1526 reconcile1535 net1536 clengec1540 neat?1575 snuff?1575 rinse1595 deterge1623 scavengea1644 scavenger1645 decrott1653 reform1675 clean1681 deterse1684 fluxa1763 to clean away, offa1839 to clean down1839 scavage1851 untaint1855 to sand and canvas1912 1858 Skyring's Builders' Prices (ed. 48) 90 Old Sienna,..or other similar marbles,..sanded, polished, and re-set. 1912 J. Masefield Dauber in Eng. Rev. Oct. 345 Unless you're clean we'll sand-and-canvas you. 1914 Dial. Notes 4 151 Sand and canvas,..to clean. 1933 P. A. Eaddy Hull Down 187 The Mate was anxious to get on with the ‘sand and canvasing’ of the bright work. b. = sandpaper v. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > filing, polishing, or smoothing tool planea1398 pumicea1425 roll?1523 plain1535 pounce1580 file1616 smooth-file1683 plane1726 sandpaper1846 pumice-stone1851 paper1875 lap1881 sand1928 1928 E. W. Hobbs Mod. Furnit. Veneering vii. 84 The wood finish..is sprayed on, allowed about three hours to dry, and sanded lightly with No. 400 waterproof paper and water. 1939 Pattou & Vaughn Furnit. ii. vi. 197 Sand all first coaters with the grain and do not lap the sanding more than necessary. 1958 Listener 11 Sept. 399/1 After sanding the piece of furniture, you will be using oil paint to give a hard, durable surface. 1976 F. E. Sherlock Enjoying Home Carpentry & Woodwork xi. 116 When the project has been glued and cleaned-up.., it must be sanded. 6. intransitive. To become clogged or bunged up with sand. ΚΠ 1926 Summary of Operations Calif. Oil Fields (Calif. State Mining Bureau) Oct. 9 The well..stopped of its own accord, probably sanding up. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online September 2021). > as lemmas -sand C2. Resembling sugar in shape or texture, as sugar limestone, phosphate, -sand. ΚΠ 1865 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms (ed. 2) Sugar Limestone, a local term, applied in Yorkshire to the metamorphosed mountain limestone that rests on the thick trappean mass of the ‘Whin Sill’. 1887 Colonial & Indian Exhib., London 1886: Rep. Colonial Sections 6 The so-called ‘Sugar-Phosphate’, a finely-granular apatite rock not unlike a dirty saccharine marble. extracted from sugarn. < n.¹a700n.²c825v.c1374 as lemmas
随便看	gingerbread stone gingerbread temse gingerbread tree gingerbread work gingerbread-gilt gingerbread-like gingerbread-trap gingerbreaded gingerbreadgilt gingerbreadlike gingerbreads gingerbreadtrap gingerbready gingercoloured gingercordial gingerdrinking gingered gingerer gingerest gingerette gingerfaced gingergrass gingergrass oil gingerhackled gingerhaired

† sandn.1

Compounds

sandn.2

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

Draft additions September 2014

Draft additions September 2013

sandv.

> as lemmas

† sandn.¹

sandn.²