adjointn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈadʒɔɪnt/, U.S.

/ˈæˌdʒɔɪnt/

Forms: 1500s adioint, 1500s–1600s adjoynt, 1600s– adjoint.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French adjoint, adjoindre.

Etymology: < Middle French, French adjoint (noun) helper, assistant (end of the 13th cent. in Old French), ally, associate (1314 as ajoint ), thing which is joined or connected to something else, addition (1555 as †adjoinct in P. de La Ramée Dialectique, the source cited in quot. 1574; compare classical Latin adiunctum adjunct n.), associate member of the French Academy of Sciences (1716; now historical), associate official who assists a maire (1795), (adjective) designating a teacher or lecturer who serves in an assistant or part-time capacity (1740 or earlier; now chiefly in Canadian sources as a calque on the U.S. English use), specific uses of the past participle of adjoindre adjoin v. Compare earlier adjunct n., adjunct adj.In senses A. 3 and B. after the specific mathematical use (in équation adjointe : 1815 or earlier) of French adjoint, adjective. Some early sources specifically attribute the mathematical uses to J.-L. Lagrange; compare e.g. quot. 1888 at sense B. 3, and also:1889 T. Craig Treat. Linear Differential Equations I. xiii. 471 When Chapter I was written..I had not seen Forsyth's memoir, and had not been able to find an adopted English term for Lagrange's ‘équation adjointe’, so I used the word adjunct, suggested by the German ‘adjungirte’, and not unlike the French ‘adjointe’. It seems better now, however, to employ the word associate, or, when speaking simply of Lagrange's ‘équation adjointe’, the word adjoint.1889 T. Craig Treat. Linear Differential Equations I. xiii. 478 The typical variable of the set is the variable of the Lagrangian adjoint equation. However, use of French équation adjointe by Lagrange has not been traced. N.E.D. (1884) also records a non-naturalized pronunciation (adʒoaṅ·) /adʒwɛ̃/ for sense A. 2b in French-speaking contexts.

A. n.

1. That which is joined or connected to something else; an addition; an adjunct.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > [noun] > that which is connected

adjoint1574

coherent1607

1574 R. MacIlmaine in tr. P. de La Ramée Logike To Rdr. 13 Shewing them the causes, theffectes, the adioints and circunstances.

1639 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses, Bk. Psalmes & Song of Songs Leviticus xiii. 1, 66 Sapachath is an adjoynt to the swelling, and an adjoynt to the Bright-spot.

a1679 T. Hobbes Art of Rhetoric (1681) 141 The change of Name, or Metonymie, where the Subject, or that which hath any thing adjoyned, is put for the thing adjoyned, or adjoynt.

1791 C. Plowden Observ. Oath Eng. Rom. Catholics 18 In later ages the adjoint of Roman has been adopted by the catholic church.

1968 L. H. Officer Econometric Model Canada i. 3 The foreign sector is not to be added to a basic model as a mere adjoint.

2007 Astron. & Geophysics Feb. 16/2 The use of merging MBHs as high-precision distance indicators that will be a powerful adjoint to the traditional ‘standard candles’.

†a. A helper; an assistant. Obsolete (in later use passing into an extended use of sense A. 2b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help > a helper

helpend971

recurera1382

undertaker1382

bootc1420

profitera1425

suffrage1445

supplier1456

aidant1477

aider1483

adjutor1531

benefactor1532

assistant?1541

servant1562

aid1569

adjument1576

adjuvant1583

familiar1583

adjoint1603

opitulator1624

adjutator1832

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 708 I heartily pray and beseech you to joine with me in this cause, whom I take for mine adjoint and assistant.

1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. lxix. 104 Here, with these graue Adioynts (These learned Maisters) they were taught to see Themselues.

c1700 Gentleman Instructed (1732) 108 You are, Madam, I perceive, said he, a publick Minister, and this Lady is your Adjoint.

b. Chiefly in French-speaking contexts: (a title for) (a) an official assistant or deputy to someone holding a civil or military position; spec. one who assists a maire; (b) an associate; = adjunct n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > deputy or representative of person in authority

lieutenant1387

secondarya1616

adjoint1645

vice1894

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > colleague or fellow-worker

fellowOE

consort1419

confrerec1425

companionc1523

labour-fellow1526

yokefellow1526

colleaguea1533

associate1533

adjunct1554

yokemate1567

colleagen1579

co-agenta1600

co-operatora1600

collateralc1600

co-workman1619

co-workera1643

partner1660

co-operatrix1674

co-agitator1683

co-adjoint1689

adjoint1738

side-partner1845

co-operatress1865

maugh1868

with-worker1884

1645 E. Pagitt Heresiogr. 160 Garrissole Moderator. Basnage Adjoynt. Blondel Secretary.

1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Eleve The eleves are become adjoints, or associates of the academy.

1780 Remembrancer 9 i. 181/2 There are at present Sixty places of Farmers Generals, and twenty seven Adjoints.

1785 Gentleman's & London Mag. Sept. 475/2 His Majesty orders the guards, syndices, and adjoints of the corporations of arts and trades, in Paris and in the provinces, to take care that this article be executed.

1835 Blackwood's Mag. 38 19 The lower professors or adjoints cannot, in one instance out of twenty, rise above their actual position.

1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 16 Aug. Halting to exchange official commonplaces with..the adjoint of the mayor.

1882 Manch. Guard. 6 Sept. 5 Baker Pasha will be appointed second in command and ‘adjoint’ of the Turkish Commander in-Chief.

1935 Polit. Sci. Q. 22 660 In this distribution of tasks among the adjoints the mayor has entire discretion: he may assign an adjoint much or little to do.

1995 New Yorker 13 Nov. 74/2 When Chirac was Mayor of Paris..Juppé became his ‘financial adjoint’—more or less the city comptroller.

3. Mathematics. An adjoint matrix, equation, etc. See sense B. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > equation

equation1570

cardanic equation1684

binomial equation1814

simultaneous equation1816

characteristic equation1828

characteristic equation1841

characteristic equation1849

intrinsic equation of a curve1849

complete primitive1859

primitive1862

Poisson's equation1873

Jacobi equation1882

formulaic equation1884

adjoint1889

recursion formula1895

characteristic equation1899

characteristic equation1900

Pell equation1910

Lotka–Volterra equations1937

Langevin equation1943

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > array > matrix

matrix1850

unit matrix1861

adjugate1882

adjoint1889

submatrix1903

identity matrix1908

row matrix1936

transpose1937

singular matrix1964

1889 T. Craig Treat. Linear Differential Equations I. xiii. 483 The adjoint of the quantic S.

1907 M. Bôcher Introd. Higher Algebra vi. 77 By the adjoint A of a matrix a is understood another matrix of the same order in which the element in the ith row and jth column is the cofactor of the element in the jth row and ith column of a.

1942 R. P. Agnew Differential Equations xii. 254 Prove that the adjoint of the adjoint of the operator L..is L itself.

1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xxxix. 936 The integrals are of the form ^{ϕ(x, y)}/ _∂f/∂ydx where ϕ is a polynomial (an adjoint) of..the degree n − 3.

2006 College Math. Jrnl. 37 393 Suppose that A is a matrix over the rational numbers with classical adjoint (adjugate) B.

B. adj.

1. Adjoined, added; supplementary, adjunct. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [adjective]

collateral1377

assistant1485

coincident1567

accompanying1600

concomitant1608

comitant1614

belonginga1616

concomitaneous1661

adjoint1727

associative1812

attended1846

herewith1917

1727 Case John Simson (ed. 2) 108 He observed, that the Word El, with the adjoint Epithet Gibber, could be applied to no Being but the true God.

1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 413 It is indeed obvious, that, abstractedly of the effects of the humor, the new instrument must in itself be a regular thermometer; and that consequently the variations of an adjoint thermometer were immediately to point out this correction.

1946 Mansfield (Ohio) News-Jrnl. 2 Oct. 13/6 (advt.) Adjoint property 10-room home in excellent condition... Will sell together.

2. Education (chiefly U.S.). Designating an assistant or temporary academic position. Chiefly in adjoint professor. Also as postmodifier. Cf. adjunct adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor

professorc1400

Doctor of the Chair1528

professoress1744

associate professor1812

adjoint professor1828

full professor1852

1828 A. B. Granville St. Petersburgh II. xi. 277 Dr. Solmon..is adjoint-professor of clinical surgery.

1920 Amer. Math. Monthly 27 90 He..received his doctorate from Columbia in 1899, was instructor in mathematics there 1895-1901, and adjoint professor 1901-1905.

1983 Amer. Jrnl. Agric. Econ. 65 1136/1 (note) [He] is deputy director and adjoint assistant professor.

2011 Manufacturing Close-up (Nexis) 17 Jan. He has been a professor adjoint at the University of Colorado.

3. Mathematics. Of a function, quantity, etc.: related to a given function, quantity, etc., by a particular process of transposition; spec. (a) (of a matrix) equal to the transpose of the cofactors (or, in quantum mechanics, of the complex conjugate) of a given square matrix; (b) (of a differential equation) having solutions which are integrating factors, and integrating factors which are solutions, of a given differential equation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adjective] > of array > relating to matrices > qualities

adjoint1856

transposed1858

adjugate1867

orthogonal1891

alternant1892

positive definite1904

skew-symmetric1911

skew-symmetrical1911

unipotent1921

Hermitian1927

non-Hermitian1930

1856 A. Cayley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 146 636 The invariants of a quantic or quantics, and of an adjoint linear form, may be considered as quantics.

1888 Proc. Royal Soc. 1887–8 43 313 In particular, v_n-1 is the variable of Lagrange's ‘adjoint’ equation.

1889 T. Craig Treat. Linear Differential Equations I. xiii. 482 Suppose the quantics..to be adjoint.

1923 J. Hadamard Lect. Cauchy's Probl. ii. 59 The relation between two adjoint polynomials is a reciprocal one.

1959 G. James & R. C. James Math. Dict. (ed. 2) 6/1 Two linear transformations T₁ and T₂ are said to be adjoint if (T₁x, y) = (x, T₂y) for any x in the domain of T₁ and y in the domain of T₂.

1984 S. L. Ross Differential Equations xi. 574 The special situation in which the adjoint equation..of Equation (11.110) is also Equation (11.110) itself.

1991 Struct. Change & Econ. Dynamics 2 74 In the world of mutually adjoint (Hermitian conjugate) matrices, diagonalization is always guaranteed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	adjoint
释义	adjointn.adj. Brit. /ˈadʒɔɪnt/, U.S. /ˈæˌdʒɔɪnt/ Forms: 1500s adioint, 1500s–1600s adjoynt, 1600s– adjoint. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French adjoint, adjoindre. Etymology: < Middle French, French adjoint (noun) helper, assistant (end of the 13th cent. in Old French), ally, associate (1314 as ajoint ), thing which is joined or connected to something else, addition (1555 as †adjoinct in P. de La Ramée Dialectique, the source cited in quot. 1574; compare classical Latin adiunctum adjunct n.), associate member of the French Academy of Sciences (1716; now historical), associate official who assists a maire (1795), (adjective) designating a teacher or lecturer who serves in an assistant or part-time capacity (1740 or earlier; now chiefly in Canadian sources as a calque on the U.S. English use), specific uses of the past participle of adjoindre adjoin v. Compare earlier adjunct n., adjunct adj.In senses A. 3 and B. after the specific mathematical use (in équation adjointe : 1815 or earlier) of French adjoint, adjective. Some early sources specifically attribute the mathematical uses to J.-L. Lagrange; compare e.g. quot. 1888 at sense B. 3, and also:1889 T. Craig Treat. Linear Differential Equations I. xiii. 471 When Chapter I was written..I had not seen Forsyth's memoir, and had not been able to find an adopted English term for Lagrange's ‘équation adjointe’, so I used the word adjunct, suggested by the German ‘adjungirte’, and not unlike the French ‘adjointe’. It seems better now, however, to employ the word associate, or, when speaking simply of Lagrange's ‘équation adjointe’, the word adjoint.1889 T. Craig Treat. Linear Differential Equations I. xiii. 478 The typical variable of the set is the variable of the Lagrangian adjoint equation. However, use of French équation adjointe by Lagrange has not been traced. N.E.D. (1884) also records a non-naturalized pronunciation (adʒoaṅ·) /adʒwɛ̃/ for sense A. 2b in French-speaking contexts. A. n. 1. That which is joined or connected to something else; an addition; an adjunct. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > [noun] > that which is connected adjoint1574 coherent1607 1574 R. MacIlmaine in tr. P. de La Ramée Logike To Rdr. 13 Shewing them the causes, theffectes, the adioints and circunstances. 1639 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses, Bk. Psalmes & Song of Songs Leviticus xiii. 1, 66 Sapachath is an adjoynt to the swelling, and an adjoynt to the Bright-spot. a1679 T. Hobbes Art of Rhetoric (1681) 141 The change of Name, or Metonymie, where the Subject, or that which hath any thing adjoyned, is put for the thing adjoyned, or adjoynt. 1791 C. Plowden Observ. Oath Eng. Rom. Catholics 18 In later ages the adjoint of Roman has been adopted by the catholic church. 1968 L. H. Officer Econometric Model Canada i. 3 The foreign sector is not to be added to a basic model as a mere adjoint. 2007 Astron. & Geophysics Feb. 16/2 The use of merging MBHs as high-precision distance indicators that will be a powerful adjoint to the traditional ‘standard candles’. 2. †a. A helper; an assistant. Obsolete (in later use passing into an extended use of sense A. 2b). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > that which or one who helps or means of help > a helper helpend971 recurera1382 undertaker1382 bootc1420 profitera1425 suffrage1445 supplier1456 aidant1477 aider1483 adjutor1531 benefactor1532 assistant?1541 servant1562 aid1569 adjument1576 adjuvant1583 familiar1583 adjoint1603 opitulator1624 adjutator1832 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 708 I heartily pray and beseech you to joine with me in this cause, whom I take for mine adjoint and assistant. 1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. lxix. 104 Here, with these graue Adioynts (These learned Maisters) they were taught to see Themselues. c1700 Gentleman Instructed (1732) 108 You are, Madam, I perceive, said he, a publick Minister, and this Lady is your Adjoint. b. Chiefly in French-speaking contexts: (a title for) (a) an official assistant or deputy to someone holding a civil or military position; spec. one who assists a maire; (b) an associate; = adjunct n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > deputy or representative of person in authority lieutenant1387 secondarya1616 adjoint1645 vice1894 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > colleague or fellow-worker fellowOE consort1419 confrerec1425 companionc1523 labour-fellow1526 yokefellow1526 colleaguea1533 associate1533 adjunct1554 yokemate1567 colleagen1579 co-agenta1600 co-operatora1600 collateralc1600 co-workman1619 co-workera1643 partner1660 co-operatrix1674 co-agitator1683 co-adjoint1689 adjoint1738 side-partner1845 co-operatress1865 maugh1868 with-worker1884 1645 E. Pagitt Heresiogr. 160 Garrissole Moderator. Basnage Adjoynt. Blondel Secretary. 1738 E. Chambers Cycl. (ed. 2) at Eleve The eleves are become adjoints, or associates of the academy. 1780 Remembrancer 9 i. 181/2 There are at present Sixty places of Farmers Generals, and twenty seven Adjoints. 1785 Gentleman's & London Mag. Sept. 475/2 His Majesty orders the guards, syndices, and adjoints of the corporations of arts and trades, in Paris and in the provinces, to take care that this article be executed. 1835 Blackwood's Mag. 38 19 The lower professors or adjoints cannot, in one instance out of twenty, rise above their actual position. 1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 16 Aug. Halting to exchange official commonplaces with..the adjoint of the mayor. 1882 Manch. Guard. 6 Sept. 5 Baker Pasha will be appointed second in command and ‘adjoint’ of the Turkish Commander in-Chief. 1935 Polit. Sci. Q. 22 660 In this distribution of tasks among the adjoints the mayor has entire discretion: he may assign an adjoint much or little to do. 1995 New Yorker 13 Nov. 74/2 When Chirac was Mayor of Paris..Juppé became his ‘financial adjoint’—more or less the city comptroller. 3. Mathematics. An adjoint matrix, equation, etc. See sense B. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > equation equation1570 cardanic equation1684 binomial equation1814 simultaneous equation1816 characteristic equation1828 characteristic equation1841 characteristic equation1849 intrinsic equation of a curve1849 complete primitive1859 primitive1862 Poisson's equation1873 Jacobi equation1882 formulaic equation1884 adjoint1889 recursion formula1895 characteristic equation1899 characteristic equation1900 Pell equation1910 Lotka–Volterra equations1937 Langevin equation1943 the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > array > matrix matrix1850 unit matrix1861 adjugate1882 adjoint1889 submatrix1903 identity matrix1908 row matrix1936 transpose1937 singular matrix1964 1889 T. Craig Treat. Linear Differential Equations I. xiii. 483 The adjoint of the quantic S. 1907 M. Bôcher Introd. Higher Algebra vi. 77 By the adjoint A of a matrix a is understood another matrix of the same order in which the element in the ith row and jth column is the cofactor of the element in the jth row and ith column of a. 1942 R. P. Agnew Differential Equations xii. 254 Prove that the adjoint of the adjoint of the operator L..is L itself. 1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xxxix. 936 The integrals are of the form ^{ϕ(x, y)}/ _∂f/∂ydx where ϕ is a polynomial (an adjoint) of..the degree n − 3. 2006 College Math. Jrnl. 37 393 Suppose that A is a matrix over the rational numbers with classical adjoint (adjugate) B. B. adj. 1. Adjoined, added; supplementary, adjunct. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [adjective] collateral1377 assistant1485 coincident1567 accompanying1600 concomitant1608 comitant1614 belonginga1616 concomitaneous1661 adjoint1727 associative1812 attended1846 herewith1917 1727 Case John Simson (ed. 2) 108 He observed, that the Word El, with the adjoint Epithet Gibber, could be applied to no Being but the true God. 1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 413 It is indeed obvious, that, abstractedly of the effects of the humor, the new instrument must in itself be a regular thermometer; and that consequently the variations of an adjoint thermometer were immediately to point out this correction. 1946 Mansfield (Ohio) News-Jrnl. 2 Oct. 13/6 (advt.) Adjoint property 10-room home in excellent condition... Will sell together. 2. Education (chiefly U.S.). Designating an assistant or temporary academic position. Chiefly in adjoint professor. Also as postmodifier. Cf. adjunct adj. 2. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > professor professorc1400 Doctor of the Chair1528 professoress1744 associate professor1812 adjoint professor1828 full professor1852 1828 A. B. Granville St. Petersburgh II. xi. 277 Dr. Solmon..is adjoint-professor of clinical surgery. 1920 Amer. Math. Monthly 27 90 He..received his doctorate from Columbia in 1899, was instructor in mathematics there 1895-1901, and adjoint professor 1901-1905. 1983 Amer. Jrnl. Agric. Econ. 65 1136/1 (note) [He] is deputy director and adjoint assistant professor. 2011 Manufacturing Close-up (Nexis) 17 Jan. He has been a professor adjoint at the University of Colorado. 3. Mathematics. Of a function, quantity, etc.: related to a given function, quantity, etc., by a particular process of transposition; spec. (a) (of a matrix) equal to the transpose of the cofactors (or, in quantum mechanics, of the complex conjugate) of a given square matrix; (b) (of a differential equation) having solutions which are integrating factors, and integrating factors which are solutions, of a given differential equation. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adjective] > of array > relating to matrices > qualities adjoint1856 transposed1858 adjugate1867 orthogonal1891 alternant1892 positive definite1904 skew-symmetric1911 skew-symmetrical1911 unipotent1921 Hermitian1927 non-Hermitian1930 1856 A. Cayley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 146 636 The invariants of a quantic or quantics, and of an adjoint linear form, may be considered as quantics. 1888 Proc. Royal Soc. 1887–8 43 313 In particular, v_n-1 is the variable of Lagrange's ‘adjoint’ equation. 1889 T. Craig Treat. Linear Differential Equations I. xiii. 482 Suppose the quantics..to be adjoint. 1923 J. Hadamard Lect. Cauchy's Probl. ii. 59 The relation between two adjoint polynomials is a reciprocal one. 1959 G. James & R. C. James Math. Dict. (ed. 2) 6/1 Two linear transformations T₁ and T₂ are said to be adjoint if (T₁x, y) = (x, T₂y) for any x in the domain of T₁ and y in the domain of T₂. 1984 S. L. Ross Differential Equations xi. 574 The special situation in which the adjoint equation..of Equation (11.110) is also Equation (11.110) itself. 1991 Struct. Change & Econ. Dynamics 2 74 In the world of mutually adjoint (Hermitian conjugate) matrices, diagonalization is always guaranteed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1574
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