scourgen.

Brit.

/skəːdʒ/, U.S.

/skərdʒ/

Forms: Middle English schurge, Middle English–1500s schourge, scurge, Middle English–1600s skurge, Middle English schorge, Middle English skourge, scowrge, Middle English–1500s skorge, scorge, 1500s scourdge, squorge, 1600s skurdge, scurdge, Middle English– scurge.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman escorge, escurge, related (the precise nature of the relationship is obscure) to Old French escorgiee (modern French écourgée ) = Italian scuriada , scuriata (earlier scoriata ) < popular Latin *excoriāta scourge, lit. strip of hide, < late Latin excoriāre to strip off the hide, < ex- ex- prefix¹ + corium hide.Another view is that the noun is a verbal noun fromescorgier to scourge, and that this directly represents late Latin excoriāre in the sense to skin by flogging (compare hide v.²). Old French had also a parallel form corgie noun, an English adoption of which appears to occur in the following example:a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 410 Wit stauis & wit courgis he let hem bete so faste.

a. A whip, lash. Now only rhetorical, with reference to the torturing of human beings, or to ascetic discipline. Formerly gen., e.g. in †top and scourge (see top n.¹).The use as applied to a whip for a top still survives dialectally: see Eng. Dial. Dict.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge

swepea700

scourgea1225

whipc1325

swaipa1400

flagellec1430

flail?a1475

foueta1492

scorpion1541

lash1577

sot1588

thong1592

chawbuck1698

knout1716

taw1787

flagellum1807

a1225 Leg. Kath. 1551 & beaten hire bare flesch & hire freoliche bodi mit cnottede schurgen.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 25542 Wit knotted skurges hard and lang.

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 8445 (Kölbing) He laid on wiþ schourge & bad hir go.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John ii. 15 And whanne he hadde maad as a scourge of smale coordis, he castide out alle of the temple.

a1400–50 Alexander 1924 Laches me þis losengere..Þat I may him skelp with a skorge.

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Legend St. Austin (Harl. 2255) l. 333 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 203 Oon knelith doun, requerith of the tothir, Pleyn remissioun of Oold cursidnesse, Bete with a scorge, took it with meeknesse.

c1480 (a1400) St. Adrian 41 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 273 Bad his tormentouris son bring skurgis of senonis felly mad.

a1500 St. Margaret 196 in Brome Bk. 113 They bete hyre with scowrgys stronge.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxxxviii. 31 I wil vyset their offences with the rodde, and their synnes with scourges.

1567 Gude & Godlie Ball. 153 First I was betin lang, With scurgis scharp and strang.

1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings xii. 11 My father bette you, with scourges, but I wil beate you with scorpions.

1644 R. Symonds Diary (1859) 47 Escocheons with severall bearings alluding to the passion, of the scourge, whip &c.

1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. vii. 83 Scourges of cords..made the blood flow from every part.

a1793 G. White On Weather in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1802) II. 268 The happy school-boy brings transported forth His long-forgotten scourge, and giddy gig.

1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 61 Mortify Your flesh, like me, with scourges and with thorns.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxv. 11 The scourge's heavy branding.

†b. A blow with a whip. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > beating > a blow

rapc1330

cuff1570

lamback1592

scourge1741

tinglera1804

swish1860

whomp1970

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > with whip or scourging > stroke or stripe

lashc1330

bendc1400

whipc1425

stripec1485

leash?a1513

jerk1555

scourge1741

switch1809

1741 tr. Marquis d'Argens Chinese Lett. xii. 74 The next Moment he called for Cords, to imitate the frowzy St. Dominic, who gave himself 300,000 Scourges every Week.

2. figurative and in figurative context; chiefly, a thing or person that is an instrument of divine chastisement. the Scourge of God (= Latin flagellum Dei): a title given by historians to Attila, the leader of the Huns in the 5th century.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > trial or punishment by > scourge

scourgea1382

whipc1386

theomastix1634

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxviii. 15 Scourge flowend [L. flagellum inundans; 1611 the ouerflowing scourge].

c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 1157 He..suffreth vs as for oure exercise With sharpe scourges of Aduersitee fful ofte to be bete in sondry wise.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 247 I am Athila, Goddes scourge [L. Ego sum Attila flagellum Dei].

c1400 26 Pol. Poems 44 Þat sellen soules for temperal getyng, Þey maken skourges to here owe betyng.

1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 32 The faithfull had neede of inuincible constancie and incredible pacience, that they may know them to be gods squorges, and the instrumentes of his wrath.

1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. O2^v Came that Flagellum Dei that scourge of God into Italy, Attila King of the Hunnes.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxiv. 368 If Attila equalled the hostile ravages of Tamerlane, either the Tartar or the Hun might deserve the epithet of the Scourge of God.

1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci iii. i. 48 Mocking our poverty, and telling us Such was God's scourge for disobedient sons.

1925 D. H. Lawrence Refl. Death Porcupine 157 Attila, the Scourge of God, who helped to scourge the Roman world out of existence, was great with power.

a. A cause of (usually, widespread) calamity. Applied, e.g. to a cruel tyrant, a warrior, a war, a disease that destroys many lives.Primarily identical with the figurative sense 2; but used without conscious reference to divine chastisement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful thing or person > thing

thornc1230

plaguea1382

foea1393

evila1400

flaw1481

detriment?1504

tooth1546

fang1555

decay1563

bane1577

dagger1600

scourge1603

cursea1616

blighter1821

bacillus1883

1538 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. ii. 32 OConnour, that evyr hath bene the oonly scourge of the Englishe pale..is his right hand.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccx^v, (margin) Marques Albert y^e scourge of priests.

1596 E. Spenser in Z. Jones tr. M. Barleti Hist. G. Castriot sig. ¶viii The scourge of Turkes, and plague of infidels, Thy acts, o Scanderbeg, this volume tels.

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xxvi. 89 Glory and curiositie are the scourges of our soules.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. iii. 91 You haue bin a scourge to her enemies.

1728 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. Eccl. & Civil IV. 275 Though this terrible Scourge [the plague] had fallen no less heavy on France, Philip was making great Preparations to renew the War.

1730 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons 89 Raleigh, the scourge of Spain!

a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I ii, in Wks. (1870) II. 385 And I speak it not As loving parliaments, which, as they have been..The scourges of the bleeding Church, I hate.

1879 Walley (title) The Four Bovine Scourges: pleuro-pneumonia, foot-and-mouth disease, cattle plague, tubercle (scrofula).

1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 23 He had the same temper as of old made the tyrants of Padova and Verona..the scourges of their generation.

b. One who ‘lashes’ vice or folly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > critic > severe

untrusser1600

mammothrept1617

Aristarch1621

scarificator1748

scourge1756

tomahawker1795

monsterer1840

scarifier1862

scourger1881

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 60 The great Swift, that severe scourge of the vices and follies of his time.

†4. [After Latin flagellum.] An offshoot of a vine or other tree, a sucker. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > sucker or side-shoot

scourgea1382

by-sprouting1562

sucker1577

lateral1578

offset1642

spiney1649

side shoot1658

appendix1664

by-shoot1669

water sprout1688

turion1725

tiller1733

surculus1775

suckler1796

suckling1798

offshoot1814

stool1818

base shoot1835

side-tiller1903

toe1952

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xvi. 8 The lordis of Ientiles hewen doun his scourges; vnto Iaser thei ful camen.

c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 113 The squorges hie & graffes from the folde,..for fruitful let hem not be tolde.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. liv. 80 Beluedere..hath diuers small shutes or scourges.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

scourge-procuring adj.

ΚΠ

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 67 Wherfore did our Sauiour thunder foorth such a terrible woe against the causers of offence, or discontent, but that it was the most heynous scourge-procuring transgression of all others?

scourge-proof adj.

ΚΠ

1808 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1895) II. 528 The ass's skin is almost scourge~proof.

scourge-tormented adj.

ΚΠ

1900 A. C. Swinburne Astræa Victrix 66 We loosed not on these knaves Their scourge-tormented slaves.

C2.

scourge-crop n. [compare scourge v. 3] the result of a method of cultivation which impoverishes land.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops

fleece1513

white crop1743

green crop1744

root crop1772

row crop1776

robber1777

mix-grass1778

breaking-crop1808

industrial crop1818

foliage crop1831

kharifa1836

scourge-crop1842

overcrop1858

by-crop1880

coppice-with-standards1882

sewage grass1888

trap-crop1899

cleaning crop1900

nurse crop1907

cover crop1909

smother crop1920

stoop crop1928

snatch crop1937

break crop1967

wholecrop1968

1842 J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 192 When a minister's incumbency is apparently drawing to a close, one scourge crop after another is sometimes taken from a glebe.

† scourge-stick n. Obsolete a whip used with a child's top (also transferred).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > top > [noun] > whipping-top > whip

taws1513

scourge-stick1522

1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. A.ii^v I can with my scorge stycke My felowe vpon the heed hytte.

1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 297 Flagellum..: a scowrgesticke.

1662 I. T. Grim the Collier 18 I am whipt up and down with the scourge-stick of Love.

1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §130 (1699) 243 But if they had a Top, the Scourge-stick, and Leather-strap should be left to their own making and fitting.

† scourge-top n. Obsolete a whip-top.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > top > [noun] > whipping-top

gig1570

scourge-top1627

whip-gig1782

whip-top1801

whipping-top1809

1627 W. Hawkins Apollo Shroving Prol. 5 Prol... We play at our best game. Lala. What? Blow-point?.. Prol. No. Tomboy, no. Nor scourge-top, nor Trusse, nor Leape-frog.

1888 Longman's Mag. XIII. 516 Scourge-tops, peg-tops and humming-tops were all patronised.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

scourgev.

Brit.

/skəːdʒ/, U.S.

/skərdʒ/

Forms: Middle English, 1500s scurge, (Middle English scruge), Middle English, 1500s skurge, Middle English schourge, (Middle English schoruge), Middle English, 1500s skourge, skurge, Middle English–1600s scorge, Middle English sc(h)owrge, skorge, chorge, shorge, Middle English–1500s skowrge, squo(u)rge, Middle English– scourge.

Etymology: < Old French escorgier, either < escorge scourge n. (which however occurs in Anglo-Norman only), or directly representing late Latin excoriāre (see the noun).

a. transitive. To beat with a scourge; to whip severely, flog. Now rhetorical (cf. scourge n. 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > whip or scourge > soundly or severely

scourge1297

bebreech1617

horsewhip1768

cart-whip1788

knout1790

stripe1843

quirt1846

kurbash1850

blacksnake1864

bullwhip1876

sjambok1881

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5304 Hii nome him an scourgede him & suþþe naked him bounde To a tre.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xix. 1 Therfore Pilat took thanne Jhesu, and scourgide.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19356 For þan wit suepes þai þam suang, And scurged sare, þai let þam gang.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16398 Iesus..to scruge he taght þem til.

c1400 in Hampole's Wks. I. 203 Then Pilate comandede theyme þat he sulde be betyne & schorugede.

1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (Horstm.) i. 337 The tormentours hyr shorgyd so cruelly That lyk as watyr in a ryuer So ran hyr blood owt plenteuously.

1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys iii. 283 And anone she chorgyd was so cruelly That uerrey pete it was to behold & se.

1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 211 Wyth ane hauthorne scurge thy self and dyng.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 731/2 I squourge one with whyppys, je fouette.

1625 in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 413 Item, to the man that scorgit Issobell Gray xiijs. 4d.

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 32 They scourg'd the confessors of the Gospell.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 95 Our People did scourge him severely from Head to Foot.

1876 Bulwer-Lytton's Pausanias (ed. 2) ii. i. 105 Let him pass,..he will get scourged if he is too late.

1903 A. Smellie Men of Covenant (1908) I. ix. 167 It was his habit to scourge and afflict himself.

b. With adverb complement or phrase: To drive or force by or as by blows of a whip.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state > (as) by whip

scourge1667

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 914 Till the wrauth, Which thou incurr'st by flying..scourge that wisdom back to Hell, Which taught thee yet no better.

1744 J. Armstrong Art of preserving Health ii. 26 This vital fluid [sc. the blood]..scourg'd for ever round and round, Enrag'd with heat and toil, at last forgets Its balmy nature.

1812 W. S. Landor Count Julian v. ii How bitter is the tear that fiery shame Scourges and tortures from the soldier's eye.

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 47 If I Shall fail to..send thee forth, Howling,..Scourged from the council with a storm of blows.

c. In figurative context.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. i. 4 Comets importing change of Times and States, Brandish your crystall Tresses in the Skie, And with them scourge the bad reuolting Stars.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I ii, in Wks. (1870) II. 383 For the waves never menace heaven until Scourged by the wind's invisible tyranny.

1887 Times 11 Aug. 13/3 The great masted ironclads throb and shake..and their great screws scourge the water behind them.

2. figurative. To punish, chastise, correct (often said of God, with reference to Hebrews xii. 6); to ‘lash’ with satire or invective; to afflict, torment; to devastate (a country) with war or pestilence.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > inflict disciplinary or corrective punishment

thewc1175

castea1200

chaste?c1225

amendc1300

chastyc1320

chastise1362

corrigec1374

correct1377

scourgec1384

disple1492

orderc1515

nurturec1520

chasten1526

whip1530

discipline1557

school1559

swinge1560

penance1580

disciple1596

castigatea1616

to serve out1829

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [verb (transitive)] > punish

smitelOE

punisha1325

scourgec1384

chasten1526

strike1577

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]

tawc893

ermec897

swencheOE

besetOE

bestandc1000

teenOE

baitc1175

grieve?c1225

war?c1225

noyc1300

pursuec1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

tribula1325

worka1325

to hold wakenc1330

chase1340

twistc1374

wrap1380

cumbera1400

harrya1400

vexc1410

encumber1413

inquiet1413

molest?a1425

course1466

persecutec1475

trouble1489

sturt1513

hare1523

hag1525

hale1530

exercise1531

to grate on or upon1532

to hold or keep waking1533

infest1533

scourge1540

molestate1543

pinch1548

trounce1551

to shake upa1556

tire1558

moila1560

pester1566

importune1578

hunt1583

moider1587

bebait1589

commacerate1596

bepester1600

ferret1600

harsell1603

hurry1611

gall1614

betoil1622

weary1633

tribulatea1637

harass1656

dun1659

overharry1665

worry1671

haul1678

to plague the life out of1746

badger1782

hatchel1800

worry1811

bedevil1823

devil1823

victimize1830

frab1848

mither1848

to pester the life out of1848

haik1855

beplague1870

chevy1872

obsede1876

to get on ——1880

to load up with1880

tail-twist1898

hassle1901

heckle1920

snooter1923

hassle1945

to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946

to bust (a person's) chops1953

noodge1960

monster1967

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.)

harryc893

fordoc900

awesteeOE

westeeOE

losec950

harrowc1000

destroyc1230

wastec1275

ravishc1325

to lie waste1338

exilea1382

to-wastea1382

unronea1400

desolatea1425

vast1434

fruster?a1513

to lay waste1535

wipe1535

devast1537

depopulate1548

populate1552

forwaste1563

ruinate1564

havoc1575

scourge1576

dispopulate1588

destitute1593

ravage1602

harassa1618

devastate1638

execute1679

to make stroy of1682

to lay in ashes1711

untown1783

hell-rake1830

uncity1850

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (transitive)] > severely

to be sharp upon1561

crossbite1571

scarify1582

canvass1590

maul1592

slasha1652

fib1665

to be severe on (or upon)1672

scalp1676

to pull to (or in) pieces1703

roast1710

to cut up1762

tomahawk1815

to blow sky-high1819

row1826

excoriate1833

scourge1835

target1837

slate1848

scathe1852

to take apart1880

soak1892

pan1908

burn1914

slam1916

sandbag1919

to put the blast on (someone)1929

to tear down1938

clobber1944

handbag1952

rip1961

monster1976

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. xii. 6 Forsoth he scourgith euery sone that he receyueth.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 707/1 God hath scourged the lande of Italye very sore in our tyme.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclx^v So y^t goddes hande whiche y^t merciably me hath scorged, herafter in good plite from thence merciably me kepe & defende.

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus v. iii. sig. Zj^v To seke out Pelargus agayne, which scourgeth or tourmenteth hym selfe with vnreasonable .i. endlesse cares.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 198 This house, and the whole Ile was scourged by the Danes..three times within the space of twentie yeares, and a little more.

1607 T. Dekker Whore of Babylon sig. H4 You shall with rods of iron scourge these treasons.

1799 Monthly Rev. 30 530 The wars that have scourged Europe since the treaty of Westphalia.

1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi I. i. iii. 42 That is the way one patrician always scourges the insolence of another.

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xlviii. 282 God has got me in his power at last, and is going to scourge me for my bad doings.

3. Scottish. To exhaust the fertility of (land). Said of a crop; also of the agriculturist. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivate or till [verb (transitive)] > cultivate recklessly

scourge1799

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 166 Both crops scourge the ground.

1830 Kyle Farm Rep. 47 in Lib. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III A tenant..was unable to make the necessary outlays on his farm, and forced to scourge as far as he could.

1842 J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 55 He will find it to be his interest to scrouge every thing out of the land.

1888 J. Harrison Scot in Ulster vii. 111 Flax..is a crop which scourges the ground.

Compounds

† scourgemutton n. Obsolete (lit. a scourger of sheep) one who is irrationally cruel.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun]

wolfa900

liona1225

beastc1225

wild manc1290

tiger?a1513

Turk1536

club-fist1575

scourgemutton1581

wolver1593

vulture1605

savage1609

inhuman1653

brutal1655

Tartar1669

hyena1671

dragoon1712

Huna1744

panther1822

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > person

wolfa900

cruelc1420

Turk1536

scourgemutton1581

savage1609

hell-kitea1616

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 181 b This cruell scourgemotton [L. Orbilius] weried throughly w^t whippyng poore Luther miserably,..doth now at the length hyde his rod.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 385 This cruell scourgemutton.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	scourge
释义	scourgen. Brit. /skəːdʒ/, U.S. /skərdʒ/ Forms: Middle English schurge, Middle English–1500s schourge, scurge, Middle English–1600s skurge, Middle English schorge, Middle English skourge, scowrge, Middle English–1500s skorge, scorge, 1500s scourdge, squorge, 1600s skurdge, scurdge, Middle English– scurge. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman escorge, escurge, related (the precise nature of the relationship is obscure) to Old French escorgiee (modern French écourgée ) = Italian scuriada , scuriata (earlier scoriata ) < popular Latin excoriāta scourge, lit. strip of hide, < late Latin excoriāre* to strip off the hide, < ex- ex- prefix¹ + corium hide.Another view is that the noun is a verbal noun fromescorgier to scourge, and that this directly represents late Latin excoriāre in the sense to skin by flogging (compare hide v.²). Old French had also a parallel form corgie noun, an English adoption of which appears to occur in the following example:a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 410 Wit stauis & wit courgis he let hem bete so faste. 1. a. A whip, lash. Now only rhetorical, with reference to the torturing of human beings, or to ascetic discipline. Formerly gen., e.g. in †top and scourge (see top n.¹).The use as applied to a whip for a top still survives dialectally: see Eng. Dial. Dict. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > instrument or place of corporal punishment > [noun] > whip or scourge swepea700 scourgea1225 whipc1325 swaipa1400 flagellec1430 flail?a1475 foueta1492 scorpion1541 lash1577 sot1588 thong1592 chawbuck1698 knout1716 taw1787 flagellum1807 a1225 Leg. Kath. 1551 & beaten hire bare flesch & hire freoliche bodi mit cnottede schurgen. a1300 Cursor Mundi 25542 Wit knotted skurges hard and lang. c1330 Arth. & Merl. 8445 (Kölbing) He laid on wiþ schourge & bad hir go. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John ii. 15 And whanne he hadde maad as a scourge of smale coordis, he castide out alle of the temple. a1400–50 Alexander 1924 Laches me þis losengere..Þat I may him skelp with a skorge. c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Legend St. Austin (Harl. 2255) l. 333 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 203 Oon knelith doun, requerith of the tothir, Pleyn remissioun of Oold cursidnesse, Bete with a scorge, took it with meeknesse. c1480 (a1400) St. Adrian 41 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 273 Bad his tormentouris son bring skurgis of senonis felly mad. a1500 St. Margaret 196 in Brome Bk. 113 They bete hyre with scowrgys stronge. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms lxxxviii. 31 I wil vyset their offences with the rodde, and their synnes with scourges. 1567 Gude & Godlie Ball. 153 First I was betin lang, With scurgis scharp and strang. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings xii. 11 My father bette you, with scourges, but I wil beate you with scorpions. 1644 R. Symonds Diary (1859) 47 Escocheons with severall bearings alluding to the passion, of the scourge, whip &c. 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. vii. 83 Scourges of cords..made the blood flow from every part. a1793 G. White On Weather in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1802) II. 268 The happy school-boy brings transported forth His long-forgotten scourge, and giddy gig. 1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 61 Mortify Your flesh, like me, with scourges and with thorns. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xxv. 11 The scourge's heavy branding. †b. A blow with a whip. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > beating > a blow rapc1330 cuff1570 lamback1592 scourge1741 tinglera1804 swish1860 whomp1970 society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > [noun] > with whip or scourging > stroke or stripe lashc1330 bendc1400 whipc1425 stripec1485 leash?a1513 jerk1555 scourge1741 switch1809 1741 tr. Marquis d'Argens Chinese Lett. xii. 74 The next Moment he called for Cords, to imitate the frowzy St. Dominic, who gave himself 300,000 Scourges every Week. 2. figurative and in figurative context; chiefly, a thing or person that is an instrument of divine chastisement. the Scourge of God (= Latin flagellum Dei): a title given by historians to Attila, the leader of the Huns in the 5th century. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > trial or punishment by > scourge scourgea1382 whipc1386 theomastix1634 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxviii. 15 Scourge flowend [L. flagellum inundans; 1611 the ouerflowing scourge]. c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 1157 He..suffreth vs as for oure exercise With sharpe scourges of Aduersitee fful ofte to be bete in sondry wise. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 247 I am Athila, Goddes scourge [L. Ego sum Attila flagellum Dei]. c1400 26 Pol. Poems 44 Þat sellen soules for temperal getyng, Þey maken skourges to here owe betyng. 1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 32 The faithfull had neede of inuincible constancie and incredible pacience, that they may know them to be gods squorges, and the instrumentes of his wrath. 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. O2^v Came that Flagellum Dei that scourge of God into Italy, Attila King of the Hunnes. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxiv. 368 If Attila equalled the hostile ravages of Tamerlane, either the Tartar or the Hun might deserve the epithet of the Scourge of God. 1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci iii. i. 48 Mocking our poverty, and telling us Such was God's scourge for disobedient sons. 1925 D. H. Lawrence Refl. Death Porcupine 157 Attila, the Scourge of God, who helped to scourge the Roman world out of existence, was great with power. 3. a. A cause of (usually, widespread) calamity. Applied, e.g. to a cruel tyrant, a warrior, a war, a disease that destroys many lives.Primarily identical with the figurative sense 2; but used without conscious reference to divine chastisement. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful thing or person > thing thornc1230 plaguea1382 foea1393 evila1400 flaw1481 detriment?1504 tooth1546 fang1555 decay1563 bane1577 dagger1600 scourge1603 cursea1616 blighter1821 bacillus1883 1538 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. ii. 32 OConnour, that evyr hath bene the oonly scourge of the Englishe pale..is his right hand. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccccx^v, (margin) Marques Albert y^e scourge of priests. 1596 E. Spenser in Z. Jones tr. M. Barleti Hist. G. Castriot sig. ¶viii The scourge of Turkes, and plague of infidels, Thy acts, o Scanderbeg, this volume tels. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xxvi. 89 Glory and curiositie are the scourges of our soules. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. iii. 91 You haue bin a scourge to her enemies. View more context for this quotation 1728 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. Eccl. & Civil IV. 275 Though this terrible Scourge [the plague] had fallen no less heavy on France, Philip was making great Preparations to renew the War. 1730 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons 89 Raleigh, the scourge of Spain! a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I ii, in Wks. (1870) II. 385 And I speak it not As loving parliaments, which, as they have been..The scourges of the bleeding Church, I hate. 1879 Walley (title) The Four Bovine Scourges: pleuro-pneumonia, foot-and-mouth disease, cattle plague, tubercle (scrofula). 1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 23 He had the same temper as of old made the tyrants of Padova and Verona..the scourges of their generation. b. One who ‘lashes’ vice or folly. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > critic > severe untrusser1600 mammothrept1617 Aristarch1621 scarificator1748 scourge1756 tomahawker1795 monsterer1840 scarifier1862 scourger1881 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 60 The great Swift, that severe scourge of the vices and follies of his time. †4. [After Latin flagellum.] An offshoot of a vine or other tree, a sucker. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > sucker or side-shoot scourgea1382 by-sprouting1562 sucker1577 lateral1578 offset1642 spiney1649 side shoot1658 appendix1664 by-shoot1669 water sprout1688 turion1725 tiller1733 surculus1775 suckler1796 suckling1798 offshoot1814 stool1818 base shoot1835 side-tiller1903 toe1952 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xvi. 8 The lordis of Ientiles hewen doun his scourges; vnto Iaser thei ful camen. c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 113 The squorges hie & graffes from the folde,..for fruitful let hem not be tolde. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. liv. 80 Beluedere..hath diuers small shutes or scourges. Compounds C1. General attributive. scourge-procuring adj. ΚΠ 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 67 Wherfore did our Sauiour thunder foorth such a terrible woe against the causers of offence, or discontent, but that it was the most heynous scourge-procuring transgression of all others? scourge-proof adj. ΚΠ 1808 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1895) II. 528 The ass's skin is almost scourge~proof. scourge-tormented adj. ΚΠ 1900 A. C. Swinburne Astræa Victrix 66 We loosed not on these knaves Their scourge-tormented slaves. C2. scourge-crop n. [compare scourge v. 3] the result of a method of cultivation which impoverishes land. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > other crops fleece1513 white crop1743 green crop1744 root crop1772 row crop1776 robber1777 mix-grass1778 breaking-crop1808 industrial crop1818 foliage crop1831 kharifa1836 scourge-crop1842 overcrop1858 by-crop1880 coppice-with-standards1882 sewage grass1888 trap-crop1899 cleaning crop1900 nurse crop1907 cover crop1909 smother crop1920 stoop crop1928 snatch crop1937 break crop1967 wholecrop1968 1842 J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 192 When a minister's incumbency is apparently drawing to a close, one scourge crop after another is sometimes taken from a glebe. † scourge-stick n. Obsolete a whip used with a child's top (also transferred). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > top > [noun] > whipping-top > whip taws1513 scourge-stick1522 1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. A.ii^v I can with my scorge stycke My felowe vpon the heed hytte. 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 297 Flagellum..: a scowrgesticke. 1662 I. T. Grim the Collier 18 I am whipt up and down with the scourge-stick of Love. 1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §130 (1699) 243 But if they had a Top, the Scourge-stick, and Leather-strap should be left to their own making and fitting. † scourge-top n. Obsolete a whip-top. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > top > [noun] > whipping-top gig1570 scourge-top1627 whip-gig1782 whip-top1801 whipping-top1809 1627 W. Hawkins Apollo Shroving Prol. 5 Prol... We play at our best game. Lala. What? Blow-point?.. Prol. No. Tomboy, no. Nor scourge-top, nor Trusse, nor Leape-frog. 1888 Longman's Mag. XIII. 516 Scourge-tops, peg-tops and humming-tops were all patronised. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). scourgev. Brit. /skəːdʒ/, U.S. /skərdʒ/ Forms: Middle English, 1500s scurge, (Middle English scruge), Middle English, 1500s skurge, Middle English schourge, (Middle English schoruge), Middle English, 1500s skourge, skurge, Middle English–1600s scorge, Middle English sc(h)owrge, skorge, chorge, shorge, Middle English–1500s skowrge, squo(u)rge, Middle English– scourge. Etymology: < Old French escorgier, either < escorge scourge n. (which however occurs in Anglo-Norman only), or directly representing late Latin excoriāre (see the noun). 1. a. transitive. To beat with a scourge; to whip severely, flog. Now rhetorical (cf. scourge n. 1). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > whip or scourge > soundly or severely scourge1297 bebreech1617 horsewhip1768 cart-whip1788 knout1790 stripe1843 quirt1846 kurbash1850 blacksnake1864 bullwhip1876 sjambok1881 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 5304 Hii nome him an scourgede him & suþþe naked him bounde To a tre. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) John xix. 1 Therfore Pilat took thanne Jhesu, and scourgide. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19356 For þan wit suepes þai þam suang, And scurged sare, þai let þam gang. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16398 Iesus..to scruge he taght þem til. c1400 in Hampole's Wks. I. 203 Then Pilate comandede theyme þat he sulde be betyne & schorugede. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (Horstm.) i. 337 The tormentours hyr shorgyd so cruelly That lyk as watyr in a ryuer So ran hyr blood owt plenteuously. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys iii. 283 And anone she chorgyd was so cruelly That uerrey pete it was to behold & se. 1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 211 Wyth ane hauthorne scurge thy self and dyng. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 731/2 I squourge one with whyppys, je fouette. 1625 in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 413 Item, to the man that scorgit Issobell Gray xiijs. 4d. 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 32 They scourg'd the confessors of the Gospell. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 95 Our People did scourge him severely from Head to Foot. 1876 Bulwer-Lytton's Pausanias (ed. 2) ii. i. 105 Let him pass,..he will get scourged if he is too late. 1903 A. Smellie Men of Covenant (1908) I. ix. 167 It was his habit to scourge and afflict himself. b. With adverb complement or phrase: To drive or force by or as by blows of a whip. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state > (as) by whip scourge1667 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 914 Till the wrauth, Which thou incurr'st by flying..scourge that wisdom back to Hell, Which taught thee yet no better. View more context for this quotation 1744 J. Armstrong Art of preserving Health ii. 26 This vital fluid [sc. the blood]..scourg'd for ever round and round, Enrag'd with heat and toil, at last forgets Its balmy nature. 1812 W. S. Landor Count Julian v. ii How bitter is the tear that fiery shame Scourges and tortures from the soldier's eye. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 47 If I Shall fail to..send thee forth, Howling,..Scourged from the council with a storm of blows. c. In figurative context. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. i. 4 Comets importing change of Times and States, Brandish your crystall Tresses in the Skie, And with them scourge the bad reuolting Stars. View more context for this quotation a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I ii, in Wks. (1870) II. 383 For the waves never menace heaven until Scourged by the wind's invisible tyranny. 1887 Times 11 Aug. 13/3 The great masted ironclads throb and shake..and their great screws scourge the water behind them. 2. figurative. To punish, chastise, correct (often said of God, with reference to Hebrews xii. 6); to ‘lash’ with satire or invective; to afflict, torment; to devastate (a country) with war or pestilence. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > inflict disciplinary or corrective punishment thewc1175 castea1200 chaste?c1225 amendc1300 chastyc1320 chastise1362 corrigec1374 correct1377 scourgec1384 disple1492 orderc1515 nurturec1520 chasten1526 whip1530 discipline1557 school1559 swinge1560 penance1580 disciple1596 castigatea1616 to serve out1829 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [verb (transitive)] > punish smitelOE punisha1325 scourgec1384 chasten1526 strike1577 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)] tawc893 ermec897 swencheOE besetOE bestandc1000 teenOE baitc1175 grieve?c1225 war?c1225 noyc1300 pursuec1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 tribula1325 worka1325 to hold wakenc1330 chase1340 twistc1374 wrap1380 cumbera1400 harrya1400 vexc1410 encumber1413 inquiet1413 molest?a1425 course1466 persecutec1475 trouble1489 sturt1513 hare1523 hag1525 hale1530 exercise1531 to grate on or upon1532 to hold or keep waking1533 infest1533 scourge1540 molestate1543 pinch1548 trounce1551 to shake upa1556 tire1558 moila1560 pester1566 importune1578 hunt1583 moider1587 bebait1589 commacerate1596 bepester1600 ferret1600 harsell1603 hurry1611 gall1614 betoil1622 weary1633 tribulatea1637 harass1656 dun1659 overharry1665 worry1671 haul1678 to plague the life out of1746 badger1782 hatchel1800 worry1811 bedevil1823 devil1823 victimize1830 frab1848 mither1848 to pester the life out of1848 haik1855 beplague1870 chevy1872 obsede1876 to get on ——1880 to load up with1880 tail-twist1898 hassle1901 heckle1920 snooter1923 hassle1945 to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946 to bust (a person's) chops1953 noodge1960 monster1967 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.) harryc893 fordoc900 awesteeOE westeeOE losec950 harrowc1000 destroyc1230 wastec1275 ravishc1325 to lie waste1338 exilea1382 to-wastea1382 unronea1400 desolatea1425 vast1434 fruster?a1513 to lay waste1535 wipe1535 devast1537 depopulate1548 populate1552 forwaste1563 ruinate1564 havoc1575 scourge1576 dispopulate1588 destitute1593 ravage1602 harassa1618 devastate1638 execute1679 to make stroy of1682 to lay in ashes1711 untown1783 hell-rake1830 uncity1850 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (transitive)] > severely to be sharp upon1561 crossbite1571 scarify1582 canvass1590 maul1592 slasha1652 fib1665 to be severe on (or upon)1672 scalp1676 to pull to (or in) pieces1703 roast1710 to cut up1762 tomahawk1815 to blow sky-high1819 row1826 excoriate1833 scourge1835 target1837 slate1848 scathe1852 to take apart1880 soak1892 pan1908 burn1914 slam1916 sandbag1919 to put the blast on (someone)1929 to tear down1938 clobber1944 handbag1952 rip1961 monster1976 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. xii. 6 Forsoth he scourgith euery sone that he receyueth. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 707/1 God hath scourged the lande of Italye very sore in our tyme. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclx^v So y^t goddes hande whiche y^t merciably me hath scorged, herafter in good plite from thence merciably me kepe & defende. 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus v. iii. sig. Zj^v To seke out Pelargus agayne, which scourgeth or tourmenteth hym selfe with vnreasonable .i. endlesse cares. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 198 This house, and the whole Ile was scourged by the Danes..three times within the space of twentie yeares, and a little more. 1607 T. Dekker Whore of Babylon sig. H4 You shall with rods of iron scourge these treasons. 1799 Monthly Rev. 30 530 The wars that have scourged Europe since the treaty of Westphalia. 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi I. i. iii. 42 That is the way one patrician always scourges the insolence of another. 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xlviii. 282 God has got me in his power at last, and is going to scourge me for my bad doings. 3. Scottish. To exhaust the fertility of (land). Said of a crop; also of the agriculturist. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivate or till [verb (transitive)] > cultivate recklessly scourge1799 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 166 Both crops scourge the ground. 1830 Kyle Farm Rep. 47 in Lib. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III A tenant..was unable to make the necessary outlays on his farm, and forced to scourge as far as he could. 1842 J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 55 He will find it to be his interest to scrouge every thing out of the land. 1888 J. Harrison Scot in Ulster vii. 111 Flax..is a crop which scourges the ground. Compounds † scourgemutton n. Obsolete (lit. a scourger of sheep) one who is irrationally cruel. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > savagery > savage person > [noun] wolfa900 liona1225 beastc1225 wild manc1290 tiger?a1513 Turk1536 club-fist1575 scourgemutton1581 wolver1593 vulture1605 savage1609 inhuman1653 brutal1655 Tartar1669 hyena1671 dragoon1712 Huna1744 panther1822 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > person wolfa900 cruelc1420 Turk1536 scourgemutton1581 savage1609 hell-kitea1616 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 181 b This cruell scourgemotton [L. Orbilius] weried throughly w^t whippyng poore Luther miserably,..doth now at the length hyde his rod. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 385 This cruell scourgemutton. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1225v.1297
随便看	wantrowing wantruke wantrust wantruth wants wants for wantsome wanttaker wantto wantum wantwit wanty wanty rope wanuse wanweird wanwhite wanwit wanwitty wanwood wanwordy wanworn wanworth wany wanyamwezi wanze