blackballn.

Brit.

/ˈblakbɔːl/, U.S.

/ˈblækˌbɔl/,

/ˈblækˌbɑl/

Forms: see black adj. and n. and ball n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., ball n.¹

Etymology: < black adj. + ball n.¹

1. Any of a number of black-coloured balls of wood, ivory, etc., used to record an adverse vote in a ballot; (hence) an adverse secret vote; the vetoing of (an applicant's) membership or inclusion. Also figurative.Originally as two words; now chiefly as a single word.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > a vote > against

blackball1550

negative1621

1550 W. Paget Let. in Camden Misc. (1974) XXV. 100 Two balles a white and a blacke to be putt by euery of the counsaill in two seuerall pottes,..the sute to take place if th[eyr] shalbe putt mo white thenne blacke balles.

1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles iii. i. 124 Let's note what black ball of debate Valerioes wit hath cast betwixt Cornelis and the inamoured courtyer.

1693 tr. N. de Fer Voy. & Trav. All Europe III. iv. 30 Another Sub-Chancellor gives about a Black Ball.

1743 Humours of Whist 14 I'm enter'd i'faith—Not one black Ball, by Jupiter.

a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) iii. i. 17 I vas often put up [for membership of a club]; but dey always give me de black ball.

1822 Etonian 1 342 The Honourable Gentlemen were of course elected without opposition, with the exception of Michael's black ball.

1869 Spectator 3 July 779 They have exercised precisely the same right which is exercised by every man who drops a blackball into the urn.

1884 Harper's Mag. June 148/2 Three blackballs used to make a gentleman wince.

1921 S. Leslie Oppidan (1922) xx. 243 Socston had been admitted, thanks to the trick of a friend who, after dropping a white ball himself, asked the President's leave to change the black ball he had dropped by mistake!

1975 Australian 15 Jan. (Sydney ed.) 9 This European blackball on Japan as a potential sharer of enrichment technology.

2000 D. T. Beito From Mutual Aid to Welfare State iii. 49 The blackball was controversial, and members who abused it were admonished.

2. A waxy preparation, moulded into a ball, used to give a shining black surface to boots and shoes; = heelball n. 1. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > waxy materials > [noun] > other wax materials

blackball1700

heelball1774

stearin1839

wax-butter1868

solar stearin1882

guttering1888

1700 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 275 For a blackball for shoes..0 3 0.

1733 W. Burdon Gentleman's Pocket-farrier (new ed.) 82 (heading) To make Black-Ball for Boots.

1780 G. A. Stevens Songs in Cabinet of Fancy ii. iv. 16 As my black ball Can cover all, Let me japan your honours.

1835 D. P. Thompson Adventures Timothy Peacock x. 105 With their black-balls, however, they met with a little more success among the Dutch farmers.

1847 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Blackball, a composition for blacking shoes.

1906 C. F. Thwing Hist. Higher Educ. in Amer. iii. 100 Among the buttery charges made against a student..are noted..pomatum (a kind of white black-ball for the hair).

1997 B. Cornwell Sharpe's Tiger (1999) viii. 268 Looking after kit in this army..was a deal easier than in the British. There was..no blackball to be used on boots and no grease and powder to be slathered on the hair.

3. English regional. A hard black (or black and white) sweet. Also: (New Zealand) a mint humbug.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > globular sweet

aniseed ball1700

bull's-eye1825

brandy-ball1849

blackball1851

dump1869

cake ball1896

gobstopper1906

gulab jamun1917

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 203/2 ‘Hard-bake’,..‘black balls’,..and ‘squibs’ are all made of treacle.

1877 Notes & Queries 8 481 ‘Black-ball’ is a delicacy compounded of black treacle and sugar boiled together in a pan.

1943 Amer. Speech 18 87 The peppermints described in England as humbugs become blackballs in New Zealand.

1957 J. Frame Owls do Cry xi. 47 Also a sixpenny shout from her pay for blackballs or acid drops or aniseed balls.

1984 M. H. Holcroft Way of Writer 6 Early evening..I was given one boiled lolly—a blackball—from an old, curiously ornamented tin.

1990 M. Braithwaite Never sleep Three in Bed iv. 42 We blew the entire five dollars on candy. Liquorice plugs and pipes, black-balls, all-day suckers, [etc.].

4. U.S. Surfing. A flag featuring a solid black disc on a yellow background, used to indicate that board surfing is prohibited or restricted in the area. Chiefly attributive, esp. in blackball flag.The blackball flag system was introduced in California in the 1960s to protect swimmers and bodysurfers in crowded water.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > signalling > visual signalling > flag signalling > [noun] > signal flag > specific

black flag1583

yellow flag1587

red flag1748

yellow jack1753

Blue Peter1754

fire flag1798

recall1832

pilot jack1848

homeward-bound pennant1853

powder flag1864

paying-off pennant1869

Peter1890

storm flag1896

negative flag1897

blackball1966

1966 Register (Orange County, Calif.) 30 Mar. c1/3 The plan to relax surfing regulations would use the ‘black ball’ flag system now in effect at Los Angeles County beaches.

1985 Orange County (Calif.) Register 14 Nov. (Metro section) b2/2 Body surfers had to share the Wedge with hard-board riders except during regular, citywide blackball hours.

1997 L. Ketchum Blue Coyote vii. 65 No one was surfing, and as he approached Bay Street, he saw why: It was a blackball day.

2013 Current (Newport Beach) 28 Oct. 8/1 I've been fortunate to have been surfing in Southern California for 30 years now, which means that infernal blackball flag has been in my life for all that time.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

blackballv.

Brit.

/ˈblakbɔːl/, U.S.

/ˈblækˌbɔl/,

/ˈblækˌbɑl/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: blackball n.

Etymology: < blackball n.

a. transitive. To record an adverse vote against (a candidate) for membership of a club or other society by placing a black ball in the ballot box; to exclude (a person) from a club, etc., as the result of such a ballot.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)] > vote against

to vote down1641

blackball1765

pill1853

downvote1876

pip1880

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] > exclude from membership > remove from membership > of a club

scratch1685

blackball1765

1765 Sel. Coll. Lett. Govt. Eng. lxi. 177 I am really surprised..that so good a man should have been so often black balled (as they call it) at Almack's lately.

1770 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1862) 2nd Ser. I. 262 The Duchess of Bedford was at first black-balled, but is since admitted.

1786 A. Murphy Way to keep Him (rev. ed.) ii, in Wks. III. 70 He has been blackballed at one of the clubs?

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey II. iv. i. 148 I shall make a note to blackball him at the Athenæum.

1879 W. Besant & J. Rice Seamy Side in Time I. 458 There are no rules in this club..nobody is ever blackballed, nobody is ever proposed.

1945 Z. N. Hurston Let. 24 July in Life in Lett. (2002) 526 I have lots of friends in there and am invited to the Club House, so I got that guy black-balled when he tried to join.

2007 A. Schroeder Snowball xxii. 196 When Warren had reapplied for full membership,..he was blackballed. To be blackballed from the country club was a serious matter.

b. transitive. To exclude (a person) from society, a profession, etc.; to ostracize.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)]

seclude1498

refrain1547

ostracize1649

proscribe1680

to send (a person) to Coventry1765

taboo1791

blackball1821

blackbean1829

to freeze out1861

unworld1868

exostracize1872

boycott1880

1821 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) V. 157 Conventional and ever changing regulations, the breach of which will..black-ball the Offender, and send him to Coventry in that particular Rank & Class of Society of which he was born or has become a member.

1840 T. B. Macaulay in Edinb. Rev. Jan. 351 The dilettante sneered at their want of taste. The maccaroni black-balled them [sc. ‘Nabobs’] as vulgar fellows.

1861 Court Life at Naples I. 88 All foreigners are not to be blackballed.

1913 Cent. Mag. Oct. 931/2 How he had borne..insolence and arrogance for which she ought to have been blackballed by decent society!

1970 D. Tangye Cornish Summer viii. 96 Fail a paper by five marks and they will be blackballed for ever in the career they wanted to follow.

2002 D. L. Davis When Smoke ran like Water (2004) x. 276 A list of fourteen instances..in which public health professionals..were blackballed or gray-listed from participating in research on the environment.

2. transitive. To blacken (boots or shoes) with blackball (blackball n. 2). Also in extended use. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > making or becoming black > make black [verb (transitive)] > with blackball

blackball1833

1833 Juvenile Misc. Jan. 243 His boots I could not wear; so they black-balled my legs and feet.

1861 A. Ely Jrnl. 5 Sept. (1862) 99 My boots I invariably black-balled, as one of the first acts of my morning duty.

1907 E. B. Crane Hist. Homes & Inst. IV. 187/1 Most of the older men of New England have had some experience in black-balling shoes.

Derivatives

ˈblackballed adj.

ΚΠ

1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 92 With big blackballed whiskers under his nose.

1879 Cheshire Sheaf Dec. 362/1 Their dress, their aprons, neat and fine; Their black-balled shoes with these combine.

1905 E. W. Prevost Suppl. Gloss. Dial. Cumberland 38/2 Black-balled boots are considered to be a token of better circumstances.

2004 C. R. Forsberg Equal Rites Introd. 18 Teaming up with another blackballed applicant,..he no doubt hoped to get even.

ˈblackballer n.

ΚΠ

1800 C. Burney Let. in Mem. (1832) III. 299 There were only nine members present; and I saw,..with fear and dismay, the person suspected as a general black-baller.

1869 Spectator 3 July 779 The blackballer declines to associate with the person blackballed, if he can help it.

1977 New Scientist 31 Mar. 781/2 The black-ballers..called forth the wrath of the president by rejecting six out of nine candidates for the fellowship.

2005 J. Richards Sir Henry Irving x. 287 The identity of the blackballer was recently established as actor James Anderson, apparently jealous of Irving's success.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	blackball
释义	blackballn. Brit. /ˈblakbɔːl/, U.S. /ˈblækˌbɔl/, /ˈblækˌbɑl/ Forms: see black adj. and n. and ball n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., ball n.¹ Etymology: < black adj. + ball n.¹ 1. Any of a number of black-coloured balls of wood, ivory, etc., used to record an adverse vote in a ballot; (hence) an adverse secret vote; the vetoing of (an applicant's) membership or inclusion. Also figurative.Originally as two words; now chiefly as a single word. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > a vote > against blackball1550 negative1621 1550 W. Paget Let. in Camden Misc. (1974) XXV. 100 Two balles a white and a blacke to be putt by euery of the counsaill in two seuerall pottes,..the sute to take place if th[eyr] shalbe putt mo white thenne blacke balles. 1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles iii. i. 124 Let's note what black ball of debate Valerioes wit hath cast betwixt Cornelis and the inamoured courtyer. 1693 tr. N. de Fer Voy. & Trav. All Europe III. iv. 30 Another Sub-Chancellor gives about a Black Ball. 1743 Humours of Whist 14 I'm enter'd i'faith—Not one black Ball, by Jupiter. a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) iii. i. 17 I vas often put up [for membership of a club]; but dey always give me de black ball. 1822 Etonian 1 342 The Honourable Gentlemen were of course elected without opposition, with the exception of Michael's black ball. 1869 Spectator 3 July 779 They have exercised precisely the same right which is exercised by every man who drops a blackball into the urn. 1884 Harper's Mag. June 148/2 Three blackballs used to make a gentleman wince. 1921 S. Leslie Oppidan (1922) xx. 243 Socston had been admitted, thanks to the trick of a friend who, after dropping a white ball himself, asked the President's leave to change the black ball he had dropped by mistake! 1975 Australian 15 Jan. (Sydney ed.) 9 This European blackball on Japan as a potential sharer of enrichment technology. 2000 D. T. Beito From Mutual Aid to Welfare State iii. 49 The blackball was controversial, and members who abused it were admonished. 2. A waxy preparation, moulded into a ball, used to give a shining black surface to boots and shoes; = heelball n. 1. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > waxy materials > [noun] > other wax materials blackball1700 heelball1774 stearin1839 wax-butter1868 solar stearin1882 guttering1888 1700 in A. W. C. Hallen Acct. Bk. Sir J. Foulis (1894) 275 For a blackball for shoes..0 3 0. 1733 W. Burdon Gentleman's Pocket-farrier (new ed.) 82 (heading) To make Black-Ball for Boots. 1780 G. A. Stevens Songs in Cabinet of Fancy ii. iv. 16 As my black ball Can cover all, Let me japan your honours. 1835 D. P. Thompson Adventures Timothy Peacock x. 105 With their black-balls, however, they met with a little more success among the Dutch farmers. 1847 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Blackball, a composition for blacking shoes. 1906 C. F. Thwing Hist. Higher Educ. in Amer. iii. 100 Among the buttery charges made against a student..are noted..pomatum (a kind of white black-ball for the hair). 1997 B. Cornwell Sharpe's Tiger (1999) viii. 268 Looking after kit in this army..was a deal easier than in the British. There was..no blackball to be used on boots and no grease and powder to be slathered on the hair. 3. English regional. A hard black (or black and white) sweet. Also: (New Zealand) a mint humbug. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > confections or sweetmeats > sweets > [noun] > a sweet > globular sweet aniseed ball1700 bull's-eye1825 brandy-ball1849 blackball1851 dump1869 cake ball1896 gobstopper1906 gulab jamun1917 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 203/2 ‘Hard-bake’,..‘black balls’,..and ‘squibs’ are all made of treacle. 1877 Notes & Queries 8 481 ‘Black-ball’ is a delicacy compounded of black treacle and sugar boiled together in a pan. 1943 Amer. Speech 18 87 The peppermints described in England as humbugs become blackballs in New Zealand. 1957 J. Frame Owls do Cry xi. 47 Also a sixpenny shout from her pay for blackballs or acid drops or aniseed balls. 1984 M. H. Holcroft Way of Writer 6 Early evening..I was given one boiled lolly—a blackball—from an old, curiously ornamented tin. 1990 M. Braithwaite Never sleep Three in Bed iv. 42 We blew the entire five dollars on candy. Liquorice plugs and pipes, black-balls, all-day suckers, [etc.]. 4. U.S. Surfing. A flag featuring a solid black disc on a yellow background, used to indicate that board surfing is prohibited or restricted in the area. Chiefly attributive, esp. in blackball flag.The blackball flag system was introduced in California in the 1960s to protect swimmers and bodysurfers in crowded water. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > signalling > visual signalling > flag signalling > [noun] > signal flag > specific black flag1583 yellow flag1587 red flag1748 yellow jack1753 Blue Peter1754 fire flag1798 recall1832 pilot jack1848 homeward-bound pennant1853 powder flag1864 paying-off pennant1869 Peter1890 storm flag1896 negative flag1897 blackball1966 1966 Register (Orange County, Calif.) 30 Mar. c1/3 The plan to relax surfing regulations would use the ‘black ball’ flag system now in effect at Los Angeles County beaches. 1985 Orange County (Calif.) Register 14 Nov. (Metro section) b2/2 Body surfers had to share the Wedge with hard-board riders except during regular, citywide blackball hours. 1997 L. Ketchum Blue Coyote vii. 65 No one was surfing, and as he approached Bay Street, he saw why: It was a blackball day. 2013 Current (Newport Beach) 28 Oct. 8/1 I've been fortunate to have been surfing in Southern California for 30 years now, which means that infernal blackball flag has been in my life for all that time. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). blackballv. Brit. /ˈblakbɔːl/, U.S. /ˈblækˌbɔl/, /ˈblækˌbɑl/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: blackball n. Etymology: < blackball n. 1. a. transitive. To record an adverse vote against (a candidate) for membership of a club or other society by placing a black ball in the ballot box; to exclude (a person) from a club, etc., as the result of such a ballot. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > give (a vote) [verb (transitive)] > vote against to vote down1641 blackball1765 pill1853 downvote1876 pip1880 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] > exclude from membership > remove from membership > of a club scratch1685 blackball1765 1765 Sel. Coll. Lett. Govt. Eng. lxi. 177 I am really surprised..that so good a man should have been so often black balled (as they call it) at Almack's lately. 1770 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1862) 2nd Ser. I. 262 The Duchess of Bedford was at first black-balled, but is since admitted. 1786 A. Murphy Way to keep Him (rev. ed.) ii, in Wks. III. 70 He has been blackballed at one of the clubs? 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey II. iv. i. 148 I shall make a note to blackball him at the Athenæum. 1879 W. Besant & J. Rice Seamy Side in Time I. 458 There are no rules in this club..nobody is ever blackballed, nobody is ever proposed. 1945 Z. N. Hurston Let. 24 July in Life in Lett. (2002) 526 I have lots of friends in there and am invited to the Club House, so I got that guy black-balled when he tried to join. 2007 A. Schroeder Snowball xxii. 196 When Warren had reapplied for full membership,..he was blackballed. To be blackballed from the country club was a serious matter. b. transitive. To exclude (a person) from society, a profession, etc.; to ostracize. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] seclude1498 refrain1547 ostracize1649 proscribe1680 to send (a person) to Coventry1765 taboo1791 blackball1821 blackbean1829 to freeze out1861 unworld1868 exostracize1872 boycott1880 1821 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) V. 157 Conventional and ever changing regulations, the breach of which will..black-ball the Offender, and send him to Coventry in that particular Rank & Class of Society of which he was born or has become a member. 1840 T. B. Macaulay in Edinb. Rev. Jan. 351 The dilettante sneered at their want of taste. The maccaroni black-balled them [sc. ‘Nabobs’] as vulgar fellows. 1861 Court Life at Naples I. 88 All foreigners are not to be blackballed. 1913 Cent. Mag. Oct. 931/2 How he had borne..insolence and arrogance for which she ought to have been blackballed by decent society! 1970 D. Tangye Cornish Summer viii. 96 Fail a paper by five marks and they will be blackballed for ever in the career they wanted to follow. 2002 D. L. Davis When Smoke ran like Water (2004) x. 276 A list of fourteen instances..in which public health professionals..were blackballed or gray-listed from participating in research on the environment. 2. transitive. To blacken (boots or shoes) with blackball (blackball n. 2). Also in extended use. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > black or blackness > making or becoming black > make black [verb (transitive)] > with blackball blackball1833 1833 Juvenile Misc. Jan. 243 His boots I could not wear; so they black-balled my legs and feet. 1861 A. Ely Jrnl. 5 Sept. (1862) 99 My boots I invariably black-balled, as one of the first acts of my morning duty. 1907 E. B. Crane Hist. Homes & Inst. IV. 187/1 Most of the older men of New England have had some experience in black-balling shoes. Derivatives ˈblackballed adj. ΚΠ 1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 92 With big blackballed whiskers under his nose. 1879 Cheshire Sheaf Dec. 362/1 Their dress, their aprons, neat and fine; Their black-balled shoes with these combine. 1905 E. W. Prevost Suppl. Gloss. Dial. Cumberland 38/2 Black-balled boots are considered to be a token of better circumstances. 2004 C. R. Forsberg Equal Rites Introd. 18 Teaming up with another blackballed applicant,..he no doubt hoped to get even. ˈblackballer n. ΚΠ 1800 C. Burney Let. in Mem. (1832) III. 299 There were only nine members present; and I saw,..with fear and dismay, the person suspected as a general black-baller. 1869 Spectator 3 July 779 The blackballer declines to associate with the person blackballed, if he can help it. 1977 New Scientist 31 Mar. 781/2 The black-ballers..called forth the wrath of the president by rejecting six out of nine candidates for the fellowship. 2005 J. Richards Sir Henry Irving x. 287 The identity of the blackballer was recently established as actor James Anderson, apparently jealous of Irving's success. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1550v.1765
随便看	the principality the principle of ambivalence the principle of the greatest happiness the printed word the prints the private the projects the proms the proof the proof of the pudding the proof of the pudding is in the eating the proprieties the psalmist the psalms the public concern the public funds the public prints the public purse the pull of the table the punic wars the pure quill the purification the purification of our etc the purification of our lady the purification of our of the virgin mary