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单词 sassafras
释义

sassafrasn.

Brit. /ˈsasəfras/, U.S. /ˈsæs(ə)ˌfræs/
Forms: Also 1600s saxefras, sasafras, sassa-, saxa-, sarsafrax, 1600s–1700s sassafrass, 1700s–1800s saxafras.
Etymology: < Spanish sasafras (whence Portuguese sassafraz, salsafraz, French, German and modern Latin sassafras. It is doubtful whether the Spanish word is a transferred application (which, indeed, would be difficult to account for) of a Spanish representation of Latin saxifraga saxifrage n., or whether it was adopted from some American language; in the latter case the American word seems to have influenced the form of the Spanish name for saxifrage, which according to the native lexicographers has the forms saxifraga, -fragia, -fragua, salsifragia, salsifrex, saxafrax. The Spanish writer Monardes (1571) regards the Spanish name as adopted < French, which seems unlikely; he gives the North American Indian name as pauame.
1.
a. A small tree, Sassafras officinale (N.O. Laurineæ), also called Sassafras Laurel and Ague-tree, with green apetalous flowers and dimorphous leaves, native in North America, where it is said to have been discovered by the Spanish in 1528.The name is frequently applied (chiefly with defining word) to trees of other genera which have similar medicinal properties; e.g. Australian sassafras n. (or Tasmanian sassafras) ( Atherosperma moschata) see plume nutmeg n. at plume n. Compounds 2; Brazilian sassafras n. ( Nectandra Puchury) see pichurim n.; Cayenne sassafras n. ( Laurelia sempervirens); oriental sassafras n. ( Sassafras Parthenoxylon); swamp sassafras n. ( Magnolia glauca).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > sassafras
sassafras1577
ague tree1597
sassafras-tree1597
saxifrage1670
virgin-tree1866
sassafras laurel1878
1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes ii. f. 46 Of the Tree that is brought from the Florida, whiche is called Sassafras.
1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1341 The roote of Sassafras hath power to comfort the liuer.
1622 J. Smith New Englands Trials 260 About three hogsheads of Beuer skins and some Saxefras.
1641 R. Evelin in Descr. New Albion (1648) 21 There are Cedars, Cypresse, and Sassafras.
1666 J. Davies tr. C. de Rochefort Hist. Caribby-Islands 47 They afford Sandal-wood, Guiacum, and Sasafras, all of which are so well known.
1684 W. Penn Let. in Academy (1896) 11 Jan. 36/3 The trees that grow here are the Mulberry,..chesnut, Ash, Sarsafrax.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World ii. 54 The sassafras, so much esteem'd in Europe.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 12 Sassafrass is here in great Plenty.
1818 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. i. i. 17 The sassafras in flower; or whatever else it is called. It resembles the elder flower a good deal.
1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 90 And there hangs on the sassafras, broken and bent, One tress of the well known hair.
1887 T. N. Page In Ole Virginia (1893) 140 An old field all grown up in sassafras.
b. The wood or timber of this tree.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > other woods of American trees
hickory1676
sassafras1728
hickory wood1748
bow-wood1805
quaking asp1822
1728 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1883) VIII. 222 No Popler,..Sassifax, Black ash, Basswood, or Ceder Shall be Corded up.
1900 19th Ann. Rep. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. 1897–8 i. 422 Sassafras is tabued as fuel among the Cherokee..perhaps for the practical reason that it is apt to pop out of the fire when heated.
1921 C. C. Deam Trees of Indiana 165 Floors were made of sassafras to keep out the rats and mice.
2.
a. The dried bark of this tree, used medicinally as an alterative; also an infusion of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > medicines used to affect nutrition > [noun] > plant-derived
American China1577
sassafras1577
1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes ii. f. 50 Many of them that had Tertians did take Water of the Sassafras.
1607 B. Jonson Volpone ii. ii. sig. Ev No Indian drug had ere beene famed, Tabacco, Sassafras not named. View more context for this quotation
1714 tr. French Bk. of Rates 96 Sax-a-fras per 100 Weight, 05 00.
1823 C. Lamb Praise of Chimney-sweepers in Elia 251 A composition, the ground-work of which I have understood to be the sweet wood 'yclept sassafras.
1837 R. Ellis Laws & Pract. Regulations Customs III. 405 Sassafras, is the bark of the Lauris Sassafras.
1863 Rio Abajo Weekly Press (Albuquerque, New Mexico) 14 Apr. 2/3 Sassafras.—Those who use this drink will find [etc.].
1871 E. Eggleston Hoosier School-master x. 88 He drank his glass of water, having declined even her sassafras.
1912 M. Nicholson Hoosier Chron. 44 Sassafras in the spring, and a few doses of quinine in the fall,..were all the medicine that any good Hoosier needed.
b. oil of sassafras n. = sassafras oil n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils
oil de baya1398
oil roseta1400
alkitranc1400
laurinec1400
oil of spicac1400
seed oil1400
rape oil1420
nut-oil?c1425
masticine?1440
oil de rose?1440
oil of myrtine?a1450
gingellya1544
rose oil1552
alchitrean1562
oil of spike1577
oil of ben1594
myrtle oil1601
sesamus1601
sampsuchine1616
oil of walnuts1622
rape1641
oil of rhodium1649
rapeseed oil1652
neroli1676
oil of mace1681
spirit of scurvy-grass1682
beech-oil1716
poppy oil1737
castor oil1746
oil of sassafras1753
orange-peel oil1757
wood-oil1759
bergamot1766
sunflower oil1768
Russia oil1773
oil castor1779
tung-yu1788
poppy-seed oil1799
cocoa butter1801
sassafras oil1801
phulwara1805
oil of wine1807
grass oil1827
oil of marjoram1829
cajuput oil1832
essence of mustarda1834
picamar1835
spurge oil1836
oenanthic ether1837
tea oil1837
capnomor1838
cinnamon-oil1838
oil of mustard1838
orange-flower oil1838
resinein1841
mustard oil1844
myrrhol1845
styrol1845
oenanthol1847
shea butter1847
wintergreen1847
gaultheria oil1848
ginger-grass oil.1849
nutmeg oil1849
pine oil1849
peppermint oil1850
cocoa fat1851
orange oil1853
neem oil1856
poonga oil1857
xanthoxylene1857
crab-oil1858
illupi oil1858
Shanghai oil1861
stand oil1862
mustard-seed oil1863
carap oilc1865
cocum butter or oilc1865
Kurung oil1866
muduga oil1866
pichurim oil1866
serpolet1866
sumbul oil1868
sesame oil1870
niger oil1872
summer yellow1872
olibene1873
patchouli oil1875
pilocarpene1876
styrolene1881
tung oil1881
becuiba tallow1884
soy oil1884
tea-seed oil1884
eucalyptus1885
sage oil1888
hop-oil1889
cotton-seed oil1891
lemon oil1896
palmarosa oil1897
illipe butter1904
hydnocarpus oil1905
tung1911
niger seed oil1917
sun oil1937
vanaspati1949
fennel oil-
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Oil The oil of sassafras is peculiarly liable to crystallization in certain circumstances.
1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 479 Oil of Sassafras is obtained from the root of the laurus sassafras.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
sassafras-bark n.
ΚΠ
1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis ii. i. i. 180 Being well chewed, it hath the self same Tast with that of Sassafras-Barque.
sassafras-bush n.
ΚΠ
1848 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer 54 The field, or the larger part of it, growing up with tall weeds and sassafras bushes.
1944 T. D. Clark Pills, Petticoats & Plows 261 The graveyard is scraped bare of crab grass,..Johnson grass and sassafras bushes to give them a ‘cared-for’ appearance.
sassafras-chips n.
ΚΠ
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 543 [Recipe for ‘Athenian Hair-wash’.] Sassafras chips.
sassafras-pith n.
ΚΠ
1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 631 Sassafras pith is used in America as a demulcent like quince seeds.
sassafras-root n.
ΚΠ
1607 in 3rd Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1872) 53/2 Our easiest and richest commodity being sassafras roots, were gathered up by the sailors.
1875 T. W. Higginson Young Folks' Hist. U.S. vii. 51 Gosnold went back to England with a cargo of sassafras-root.
sassafras-tree n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > sassafras
sassafras1577
ague tree1597
sassafras-tree1597
saxifrage1670
virgin-tree1866
sassafras laurel1878
1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1341 The Sassafras tree.
1864–5 J. G. Wood Homes without Hands (1868) xiv. 3 The insect called Saturnia promethea, which lives on the Sassafras-tree.
sassafras-wood n.
ΚΠ
1681 P. Bellon tr. F. de Monginot New Myst. Physick 16 One dram or two of Sassafrax-wood.
1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum 13 Sassafras-wood and China-root, of each ½ oz.
C2.
sassafras laurel n. = sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > sassafras
sassafras1577
ague tree1597
sassafras-tree1597
saxifrage1670
virgin-tree1866
sassafras laurel1878
1878 R. D. Hoblyn Dict. Terms Med. & Collateral Sci. (ed. 10) 576 S. officinale, or Sassafras Laurel, grows in North America.
sassafras nut n. (see pichurim n.).
ΚΠ
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 30 The Sassafras nuts of the London shops are the fruit of the Laurus Puceri.
sassafras oil n. an oil distilled from the root of the common sassafras, from the bark of the Tasmanian sassafras, or from the sassafras nut.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > other plant-derived oils
oil de baya1398
oil roseta1400
alkitranc1400
laurinec1400
oil of spicac1400
seed oil1400
rape oil1420
nut-oil?c1425
masticine?1440
oil de rose?1440
oil of myrtine?a1450
gingellya1544
rose oil1552
alchitrean1562
oil of spike1577
oil of ben1594
myrtle oil1601
sesamus1601
sampsuchine1616
oil of walnuts1622
rape1641
oil of rhodium1649
rapeseed oil1652
neroli1676
oil of mace1681
spirit of scurvy-grass1682
beech-oil1716
poppy oil1737
castor oil1746
oil of sassafras1753
orange-peel oil1757
wood-oil1759
bergamot1766
sunflower oil1768
Russia oil1773
oil castor1779
tung-yu1788
poppy-seed oil1799
cocoa butter1801
sassafras oil1801
phulwara1805
oil of wine1807
grass oil1827
oil of marjoram1829
cajuput oil1832
essence of mustarda1834
picamar1835
spurge oil1836
oenanthic ether1837
tea oil1837
capnomor1838
cinnamon-oil1838
oil of mustard1838
orange-flower oil1838
resinein1841
mustard oil1844
myrrhol1845
styrol1845
oenanthol1847
shea butter1847
wintergreen1847
gaultheria oil1848
ginger-grass oil.1849
nutmeg oil1849
pine oil1849
peppermint oil1850
cocoa fat1851
orange oil1853
neem oil1856
poonga oil1857
xanthoxylene1857
crab-oil1858
illupi oil1858
Shanghai oil1861
stand oil1862
mustard-seed oil1863
carap oilc1865
cocum butter or oilc1865
Kurung oil1866
muduga oil1866
pichurim oil1866
serpolet1866
sumbul oil1868
sesame oil1870
niger oil1872
summer yellow1872
olibene1873
patchouli oil1875
pilocarpene1876
styrolene1881
tung oil1881
becuiba tallow1884
soy oil1884
tea-seed oil1884
eucalyptus1885
sage oil1888
hop-oil1889
cotton-seed oil1891
lemon oil1896
palmarosa oil1897
illipe butter1904
hydnocarpus oil1905
tung1911
niger seed oil1917
sun oil1937
vanaspati1949
fennel oil-
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Misc. Tracts 74/1 The sassafras tree, the bark of which yields the costly coelilawang, and all its roots the sassafras oil.
sassafras soap n. U.S. a soap scented with sassafras.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing agents > [noun] > soap > type of soap > specific
hard soap?a1425
oatmeal soapa1525
spatarent soap1526
Castile soap1631
Naples soapa1739
yellow soap1762
honey soap1772
curd soap1780
primrose soap1796
palm soap1821
Gallipoli soap1822
Windsor soap1822
Windsor1836
Venice soap1842
scum-soap1852
sand-soap1855
lime soap1857
marine soap1857
sassafras soap1860
carbolic soap1863
sulphur soap1894
opopanax soap1897
primrose1899
rock1903
carbolic1907
Crazy Foam1965
1860 J. G. Holland Miss Gilbert's Career 108 Arthur took his accustomed seat at the head of the table, with Leonora at his right hand,..[in an] atmosphere of sassafras-soap.
1863 B. Taylor Hannah Thurston I. 256 An old woman with two sentimental daughters, who..always smelt of sassafras-soap.
sassafras tea n. an infusion of sassafras formerly used in making saloop.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > infused leaves, flowers, or fruit > [noun] > others
coltsfoota1627
sage tea?1706
pippin tea1709
lemon-tea1725
foltron1748
camomile-tea1753
sassafras tea1783
spruce tea1783
mountain tea1785
cow-slip tea1796
miserable1842
peppermint tea1844
violet tea1853
Swiss tea1860
coffee-tea1866
Jesuits' tea1866
St. Helena tea1875
cotton-leaf tea1881
tamarind watera1883
tamarind tea1883
mullein tea1887
rosehip tea1947
1783 M. Garthshore in Med. Communications 1 245 She..drank sassafras tea.
1817 T. Dean in Indiana Hist. Soc. Publ. (1918) VI. 324 We took some bread and sassafras tea.
1960 I. Wallach Absence of Cello 41 Perry sipped a cup of sassafras tea.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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