sandhin.

Brit.

/ˈsandi/,

/ˈsandhiː/, U.S.

/ˈsændi/,

/ˈsɑndi/

Forms: Also † sundhi, and with capital initial.

Etymology: < Sanskrit saṃdhí junction, combination, < sam together + dhā to place (see do v.).

Philology.

The term applied originally by Sanskrit grammarians to assimilative changes occurring in Sanskrit in the final and initial sounds of words in a sentence ( external sandhi), and in the final sounds of stems in word-formation ( internal sandhi); extended by modern philologists to analogous phenomena in other languages.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > specific features or processes involved in

analogy1569

deflection1603

epenthesis1656

sandhi1806

relic1835

anamorphosis1862

metanalysis1914

drift1921

adstratum1939

grammaticalization1955

relexification1962

1806 W. Carey Gram. Sungskrit Lang. i. iii. 15 (heading) Of Sundhi, or the permutation of letters occasioned by the junction of syllables.

1841 H. H. Wilson Introd. Gram. Sanskrit Lang. ii. 8 The changes to which letters are subject for the sake of euphony are numerous, and carefully defined, forming that part of Sanskrit grammar which is termed..Sandhi, ‘a holding together’, ‘a function’.

1874 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds 13 Consonant influence on consonants..what is called sandhi in Sanskrit and mutation in the Celtic languages.

1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 15 An equally primitive stage is preserved in the Sanskrit sandhi, only here it is generally the end of a word that is modified.

1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 501 Owing to the scantiness of the Umbrian–Samnitic materials, handed down to us, it remains doubtful at what period certain processes of sandhi took place in Latin.

1894 W. M. Lindsay Lat. Lang. ii. § 135 ‘Sandhi’ in Latin.

1901 A. A. Macdonell Sanskrit Gram. p. ii The rules of Sandhi are based chiefly on the avoidance of hiatus and on assimilation.

1933 Eng. Stud. XV. 41 O[ld] E[nglish] æt þam ende, which became atten ende, and then, through sandhi, at an ende.

1939 L. Bloomfield in Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague VIII. 105 The present paper describes..the internal sandhi or morphophonemics of the language.

1952 A. Cohen Phonemes of Eng. 39 In general, independent nuclear words are first examined, i.e. words which do not carry morphological characteristics in the shape of phonemes and which do not show ‘outer sandhi’ (= external open juncture).

1976 Language 52 212 There is ample evidence that much of Sanskrit external sandhi is the result of sweeping generalizations.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > [adjective] > terms relating to language change or development

primitive1687

inorganic1861

polygenetic1863

anomalistic1881

sandhi1888

language contact1911

processual1918

neo-linguistic1937

superstrate1958

adstrate1963

adstratal1968

1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 488 The fettered language of the Vedas already furnishes the proof that the sandhi-system of the classical Sanskrit is not a thing of natural growth.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xxiii. 418 There resulted sandhi-alternants of words like water:..[´wɔtə]..[´wɔtər iz]... This..resulted in the sandhi-form the idea-r is... English sandhi-alternation is limited largely to cases like the above.

1935 Amer. Speech 10 86/1 The sandhi customs are different in English from what they are in Dutch.

1935 Amer. Speech 10 86/1 A preliminary statement of the sandhi rules of the dialect or language studied.

1945 Mod. Lang. Notes Dec. 539 The sandhi-affricate formed in the sequence right here.

1961 R. E. Keller German Dial. 264 This sandhi-lenition is not indicated in the orthography of the Lux[emburger] W[ör]t[er]b[uch].

1969 Eng. Stud. Suppl. p. lxxxi At a conservative estimate twenty-two of the above twenty-eight instances support a spoken sandhi-distribution of voiced and voiceless final consonants.

1975 Language 51 551 Words may have more than one form, due to sandhi processes such as French liaison and elision.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1982; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sandhi
释义	sandhin. Brit. /ˈsandi/, /ˈsandhiː/, U.S. /ˈsændi/, /ˈsɑndi/ Forms: Also † sundhi, and with capital initial. Etymology: < Sanskrit saṃdhí junction, combination, < sam together + dhā to place (see do v.). Philology. The term applied originally by Sanskrit grammarians to assimilative changes occurring in Sanskrit in the final and initial sounds of words in a sentence ( external sandhi), and in the final sounds of stems in word-formation ( internal sandhi); extended by modern philologists to analogous phenomena in other languages. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > [noun] > linguistic change > specific features or processes involved in analogy1569 deflection1603 epenthesis1656 sandhi1806 relic1835 anamorphosis1862 metanalysis1914 drift1921 adstratum1939 grammaticalization1955 relexification1962 1806 W. Carey Gram. Sungskrit Lang. i. iii. 15 (heading) Of Sundhi, or the permutation of letters occasioned by the junction of syllables. 1841 H. H. Wilson Introd. Gram. Sanskrit Lang. ii. 8 The changes to which letters are subject for the sake of euphony are numerous, and carefully defined, forming that part of Sanskrit grammar which is termed..Sandhi, ‘a holding together’, ‘a function’. 1874 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds 13 Consonant influence on consonants..what is called sandhi in Sanskrit and mutation in the Celtic languages. 1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 15 An equally primitive stage is preserved in the Sanskrit sandhi, only here it is generally the end of a word that is modified. 1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 501 Owing to the scantiness of the Umbrian–Samnitic materials, handed down to us, it remains doubtful at what period certain processes of sandhi took place in Latin. 1894 W. M. Lindsay Lat. Lang. ii. § 135 ‘Sandhi’ in Latin. 1901 A. A. Macdonell Sanskrit Gram. p. ii The rules of Sandhi are based chiefly on the avoidance of hiatus and on assimilation. 1933 Eng. Stud. XV. 41 O[ld] E[nglish] æt þam ende, which became atten ende, and then, through sandhi, at an ende. 1939 L. Bloomfield in Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague VIII. 105 The present paper describes..the internal sandhi or morphophonemics of the language. 1952 A. Cohen Phonemes of Eng. 39 In general, independent nuclear words are first examined, i.e. words which do not carry morphological characteristics in the shape of phonemes and which do not show ‘outer sandhi’ (= external open juncture). 1976 Language 52 212 There is ample evidence that much of Sanskrit external sandhi is the result of sweeping generalizations. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > [adjective] > terms relating to language change or development primitive1687 inorganic1861 polygenetic1863 anomalistic1881 sandhi1888 language contact1911 processual1918 neo-linguistic1937 superstrate1958 adstrate1963 adstratal1968 1888 J. Wright tr. K. Brugmann Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Germanic Lang. I. 488 The fettered language of the Vedas already furnishes the proof that the sandhi-system of the classical Sanskrit is not a thing of natural growth. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xxiii. 418 There resulted sandhi-alternants of words like water:..[´wɔtə]..[´wɔtər iz]... This..resulted in the sandhi-form the idea-r is... English sandhi-alternation is limited largely to cases like the above. 1935 Amer. Speech 10 86/1 The sandhi customs are different in English from what they are in Dutch. 1935 Amer. Speech 10 86/1 A preliminary statement of the sandhi rules of the dialect or language studied. 1945 Mod. Lang. Notes Dec. 539 The sandhi-affricate formed in the sequence right here. 1961 R. E. Keller German Dial. 264 This sandhi-lenition is not indicated in the orthography of the Lux[emburger] W[ör]t[er]b[uch]. 1969 Eng. Stud. Suppl. p. lxxxi At a conservative estimate twenty-two of the above twenty-eight instances support a spoken sandhi-distribution of voiced and voiceless final consonants. 1975 Language 51 551 Words may have more than one form, due to sandhi processes such as French liaison and elision. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1982; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1806
随便看	to pass understanding to pass up to pass upon to pass water to pass wind to pass with to pass, be above or beyond, god's forbode to pass, go, or run current to pass, pay, make, etc a compliment to pat down to pat dry to pat on the back to stand in to stand in a person's light to stand in a person's stead to stand in adventure to stand in awe of to stand in doom to stand in etc service to stand in etc stead to stand in good stead to stand in great service to stand in hand to stand in island to stand in it