satemn.

Brit.

/ˈsɑːtəm/,

/ˈsatəm/,

/ˈseɪtəm/, U.S.

/ˈsɑdəm/

Forms: 1800s– satem, 1900s– satəm.

Etymology: < German Satem, denoting a group of languages (see note; usually in compounds, especially Satemsprachen satem languages) < Avestan satəm hundred (see hund n.), chosen as an example of a word reflecting the distinctive phonological feature of this group of languages (see definition). Compare centum n.²The term is usually credited to P. von Bradke ( Über Methode u. Ergebnisse der arischen Alterthumswissenschaft (1890) i. iv. 63); the concept was apparently first developed by August Fick: see discussion at centum n.² The form satəm reflects the most common transliteration of the Avestan word.

Linguistics.

attributive. Designating a group of chiefly eastern Indo-European languages having sibilants (as in Avestan satəm) where cognate words in the western group have (voiceless) velar plosives; relating to or characteristic of this group. Contrasted with centum n.²It is disputed whether the centrum–satem division reflects a dialectal split in early Indo-European.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > eastern or western

centum1893

satem1893

1893 Classical Rev. 7 338/1 Instead therefore of an ‘Asiatic’ and a ‘European’ unity we now have (1) Asiatic, (2) centum and (3) satem branches of the main stock.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xviii. 316 Many scholars suppose that the earliest traceable division of the Primitive Indo-European unity was into a western group of so-called ‘centum-languages’ and an eastern group of ‘satem-languages’.

1952 O. R. Gurney Hittites vi. 119 The main characteristics of the Indo-Iranian (or so-called ‘Satem’) languages (change of original k to s, qu to k, and e and o to a).

1999 P. Baldi Found. Latin i. 39 The distinction between centum and satem languages is not absolute, since a few languages seem to show both centum and satem reflexes.

2007 D. W. Anthony Horse, Wheel, & Lang. 472 Some linguists argue that the Proto-Indo-European root did not begin with k but rather with a palato-velar..which would require that the first consonant was moved back in the centum languages rather than forward in the satem languages.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	satem
释义	satemn. Brit. /ˈsɑːtəm/, /ˈsatəm/, /ˈseɪtəm/, U.S. /ˈsɑdəm/ Forms: 1800s– satem, 1900s– satəm. Etymology: < German Satem, denoting a group of languages (see note; usually in compounds, especially Satemsprachen satem languages) < Avestan satəm hundred (see hund n.), chosen as an example of a word reflecting the distinctive phonological feature of this group of languages (see definition). Compare centum n.²The term is usually credited to P. von Bradke ( Über Methode u. Ergebnisse der arischen Alterthumswissenschaft (1890) i. iv. 63); the concept was apparently first developed by August Fick: see discussion at centum n.² The form satəm reflects the most common transliteration of the Avestan word. Linguistics. attributive. Designating a group of chiefly eastern Indo-European languages having sibilants (as in Avestan satəm) where cognate words in the western group have (voiceless) velar plosives; relating to or characteristic of this group. Contrasted with centum n.²It is disputed whether the centrum–satem division reflects a dialectal split in early Indo-European. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > eastern or western centum1893 satem1893 1893 Classical Rev. 7 338/1 Instead therefore of an ‘Asiatic’ and a ‘European’ unity we now have (1) Asiatic, (2) centum and (3) satem branches of the main stock. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xviii. 316 Many scholars suppose that the earliest traceable division of the Primitive Indo-European unity was into a western group of so-called ‘centum-languages’ and an eastern group of ‘satem-languages’. 1952 O. R. Gurney Hittites vi. 119 The main characteristics of the Indo-Iranian (or so-called ‘Satem’) languages (change of original k to s, qu to k, and e and o to a). 1999 P. Baldi Found. Latin i. 39 The distinction between centum and satem languages is not absolute, since a few languages seem to show both centum and satem reflexes. 2007 D. W. Anthony Horse, Wheel, & Lang. 472 Some linguists argue that the Proto-Indo-European root did not begin with k but rather with a palato-velar..which would require that the first consonant was moved back in the centum languages rather than forward in the satem languages. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1893
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