savev.

Brit.

/seɪv/, U.S.

/seɪv/

Forms:

α. early Middle English salui (south-west midlands), Middle English salue, Middle English–1500s salve; Scottish pre-1700 salf, pre-1700 salff, pre-1700 salue, pre-1700 salve, pre-1700 salwe, pre-1700 saulf, pre-1700 saulfe.

β. early Middle English sauui (south-western and south-west midlands), early Middle English sauvi (south-western), early Middle English sawui (south-west midlands), Middle English sauf, Middle English sauff, Middle English sauue, 1500s sauve; Scottish pre-1700 sauffe, pre-1700 sawf, pre-1700 sawfe, pre-1700 sawff, pre-1700 sawffe, pre-1700 sawth (past tense), pre-1700 1800s saufe, pre-1700 1800s sauff, pre-1700 1800s– sauf (now literary).

γ. Middle English saaue, Middle English saf, Middle English safe, Middle English saffe (northern), Middle English saif (northern), Middle English sau, Middle English saui (southern), Middle English sauy (chiefly southern), Middle English sauye (south-western and south-west midlands), Middle English sav, Middle English savy (south-west midlands), Middle English saw, Middle English sayfe (northern), Middle English sayue (northern), Middle English seavyng (present participle, probably transmission error), Middle English ysaueþ (3rd singular present indicative), Middle English–1500s sawe, Middle English–1600s saue, Middle English– save, 1900s– seft (U.S. regional, past tense); English regional 1800s– seav (north-western), 1800s– seavv (north-western), 1800s– seeave (Yorkshire), 1800s– seyav (Isle of Wight), 1800s– zaayve (Berkshire); Scottish pre-1700 saaf, pre-1700 saif, pre-1700 saife, pre-1700 saiff, pre-1700 saiffe, pre-1700 saive, pre-1700 saue, pre-1700 sav, pre-1700 sawe, pre-1700 sayff, pre-1700 sayffe, pre-1700 1700s–1800s safe, pre-1700 1700s– save, pre-1700 1800s saf, pre-1700 1800s saff, pre-1700 (1800s south-western) seff.

δ. south-eastern Middle English soui, Middle English souy.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French saver.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman saver, sawer, sawver, savier, Anglo-Norman and Old French salver, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French sauver, Anglo-Norman and Middle French saulver (French sauver ) to help (someone) escape grave danger (842 as salvar ), to bring about religious salvation (end of the 10th cent.), to effect the salvation of (a person's soul), to protect, prevent the destruction or loss of (something) (both 1050), to preserve or maintain (authority, honour, reputation, etc.) (c1165), to keep (something) safe and intact (c1210), (reflexive) to escape (c1280), (in law) to reserve (a right) (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to salvage (c1300 or earlier in Anglo-Norman) < post-classical Latin salvare to deliver, rescue (Vetus Latina), to afford salvation (Vulgate), to heal (3rd cent.), to preserve, store, to keep, retain (8th cent.), to protect, shelter (9th cent.), to salvage from shipwreck (1330, 1455 in British sources) < classical Latin salvus safe adj. Compare Old Occitan salvar (c1270), Spanish salvar (c1140), Portuguese salvar (13th cent.), Italian salvare (end of the 12th cent.). Compare salve v.², save prep., save conj.In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). The (isolated) 3rd singular present indicative form ysaueþ is probably by association with the prefixed forms of the past participle, although it could alternatively be interpreted as showing a separate formation in y- prefix. Forms with -f- may partly reflect association with the related adjective safe adj.; compare conversely forms with -v- at that entry. With sense 1a compare ancient Greek σῴζειν , post-classical Latin salvum facere , salvificare (Vulgate). In early use in sense 3a this word is difficult to distinguish from salve v.¹ 2; some examples placed there may rather represent α. forms of the present word. It is also possible that some examples given at sane v. represent transmission errors for the present word in sense 3a, arising by minim confusion. Compare the following, in which sanys probably represents a similar error for the present word, in a different sense (perhaps 9b):c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1749 All þe gracious godis & gudnes on erthe Þat sanys sete & soile & sustaynes þe erth, Prayses ay þe Persyns. With sense 5 compare Middle French, French sauver l'honneur (1548).

I. To rescue, preserve, or protect; to make safe.

a. transitive. Esp. of God or Christ: to preserve (a person, a soul, etc.) from damnation; to redeem from sin, bring salvation to. Frequently (esp. in later use) in passive.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > save, redeem [verb (transitive)]

aleseOE

abyeOE

buyc1175

washc1175

winc1220

salvea1225

savec1225

forbuyc1315

ransomc1350

signc1350

again-buya1382

forechoosea1400

gain-buy1435

redeemc1438

pre-elect1561

sa'1604

electa1617

unsina1631

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 475 Monnes unmihte þet he neodeles nom uppon him seoluen us for to saluin.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 98 Godes zone þet com to þe wordle to zeche an to souy þet þet wes uorlore.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) James i. 21 In myldenesse, or homelynesse, receyue ȝe the word insent, or ioyned, that mai saue [L. salvare] ȝoure soules.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 82 Tech me..Hou I may saue my soule.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 261 If it be seid..‘The crosse of Crist saued the world..’, the dewe vndirstonding ther of is this: ‘Crist bi his crosse..saued the world’.

c1480 (a1400) St. Barnabas l. 14 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 249 He callit paule to safe & succur syndry sawle.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fvi I am passed my purgatory, and I am saued.

1534 (?a1500) Shearmen & Taylors' Pageant l. 546 in H. Craig Two Coventry Corpus Christi Plays (1931) 19 A seyd there schuld a babe be borne..To sawe mankynd that wasse for-lorne.

1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 6th Serm. sig. Uii^v We can not be saued wythout fayeth, and fayth commeth by hearynge of the worde.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 67 For there is no christian that meanes to be saued by beleeuing rightly, can euer beleeue such impossible passages of grossenesse.

1666 J. Bunyan Grace Abounding §202 I was again much under this Question, Whether the Blood of Christ was sufficient to save my Soul?

1726 E. Bird Fate & Destiny 153 Their [sic] cannot one Soul be Saved, by all his or their Pains, which is ordained to Hell.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 48 But with such as he, where'er he be, May I be sav'd or d——'d.

c1830 T. Moore Epit. on Tuft Hunter 20 He'd rather be Genteelly damn'd beside a Duke Than sav'd in vulgar company.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iv. 210 Luther learned now that a man was saved not by singing masses, but by the infinite grace of God.

1893 F. Thompson Poems 61 There is no expeditious road To pack and label men for God, And save them by the barrel-load.

1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come ii. iv. 169 It had a touch of Rasputinism, this revival of the ancient heresy that one must sin thoroughly before one can be saved.

1956 Life 1 Oct. 145/1 I think Christ will save me from my sins, and I hope I won't commit any more.

2006 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 7 Oct. 22 Limbo's population has no prospect of going anywhere, unlike the souls in Purgatory who will be saved on Judgment Day.

b. intransitive. Esp. of God or Christ: to preserve a person, a soul, etc., from damnation; to offer salvation and redemption from sin.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > save, redeem [verb (intransitive)]

savea1500

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xiii. §1. 47 Þat is þare is na god þat dampnnes or safes.

1537 W. Turner tr. Urbanus Regius Compar. Olde Learnynge & Newe sig. G.ii^v Only Christ ought to raygne in mans conscience by his worde, which onely maye saue and condempne.

1688 J. Bunyan Good News for Vilest of Men 87 Nor is he [sc. God] so willing to save as some pretended Gospellers imagine.

1709 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs (ed. 2) iii. 311 The God of Mercy..Who saves by his Redeeming Word, And new-creating Breath.

1774 Crit. Rev. Oct. 280 His death was not an atonement, in the sense of that, which influences God to save; but as the means by which God saves.

1858 W. Arnot Laws from Heaven 2nd Ser. xiii. 101 It is grace accepted that saves.

1897 Leaves of Healing 26 Feb. 314/1 Believe that Jesus saves; believe that Jesus heals [etc.].

1922 H. S. Miller Christian Workers' Man. 213 Jesus Himself, a living Saviour, saves and keeps.

1980 H. Carpenter Jesus vii. 93 What matters..is Jesus's power to save now: he is the living Lord, rather than just a historical figure on whose teachings the Church is based.

2002 R. Webber Younger Evangelicals ii. v. 86 In the union between god and man in the person of Jesus, Divine Action is united to human response. He, the God-man, alone is able to save.

c. transitive. In extended use: to preserve or reclaim (a person) from dissipation, immorality, or self-destruction; to be the salvation of.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > reform, amend, or correct [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person

raisec1175

chastya1240

amenda1275

chastisec1330

reara1382

revokec1384

redressc1390

reclaima1393

reducec1425

reform1477

reclaim?a1505

emendc1542

claim1546

reduct1548

save1857

decriminalize1963

1857 Househ. Words 4 Apr. 336/1 She saved me when almost too late though, by giving me something to love and live for.

1894 E. Sullivan Woman 98 How often you hear it said that marriage has improved a man—that it has saved him!

1916 Bible Champion Oct. 102 She saved him, I think. He never tasted a drop of liquor after his parting from her.

1974 New York 18 Feb. 45/1 I was a lonely little fellow. Nearly became an alcoholic. The war saved me.

2011 Mordialloc Chelsea (Austral.) Leader (Nexis) 9 Mar. 23 I went off the rails a bit when I was 18 after my dad died, and football was what saved me.

a. transitive (reflexive). To get oneself out of danger, difficulty, or misfortune; esp. to get away, to escape.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver [verb (reflexive)]

ridc1225

save?c1225

deliverc1405

rescousa1450

acquit1595

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [verb (reflexive)]

save?c1225

recover1553

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 78 Sauuen [c1230 Corpus Cambr. sawuin] ow seoluen & maten him betere ne muȝe ȝe on nane wise.

c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 836 (MED) Him com strokes so gret plente Þat fain he was to weren is hed And saue him self fro þe ded.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2038 Bot wered not þis ilk wyȝe for wele þis gordel, For pryde of þe pendauntez, þaȝ polyst þay were, & þaȝ þe glyterande golde glent vpon endez, Bot forto sauen hym-self.

c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora l. 257 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 106 Sa ma þu þe sauf fra hel.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 133 (MED) Wherfor, gentyll knyght, gos hens fast and saue þyselfe.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. xiii. 8 Nother party wist..To salf hym self quhar away to fle.

1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 v. ii. 48 Flie Lords and saue your selues.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 44 The Colliers..retired immediately and saved themselves from the eruptions of the Damp.

1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. iii. 209 For those that save themselves, and fly, Go half's at least in the Victory.

1707 W. Funnell Voy. round World vii. 214 He and his Company got to his Boat, and so saved themselves to the Ship.

1797 M. Robinson Walsingham II. xlv. 300 Fly Walsingham;—save yourself—for I am murdered.

1817 Ballad of Waterloo 18 All panic struck, the legions fled, 'Twas save himself who could.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 6 Jan. 7/4 Some of the survivors saved themselves by seizing the collier's whaling-piece.

1958 P. Kemp No Colours or Crest viii. 175 Davis..was struggling to carry the heavy wireless set; I shouted to him to ditch it and save himself.

2004 C. Connelly Attention All Shipping (2005) 225 Half the crew were able to save themselves by shinning along the bowsprit and dropping on to the rocks.

b. transitive. To deliver or rescue (a person or animal) from danger or harm, esp. of a life-threatening nature. Frequently with from (also †fro, †out of).to save a person's life: see Phrases 1a. Cf. also Phrases 3.In quot. c1325 perhaps showing the infinitive in the prepositional sense ‘keeping safe and intact, without injury to’; cf. quot. c1325 at save prep. 1, and senses 5a(c), 12.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > specifically a living being

sparec825

savec1275

spelea1300

sover1488

lifeguard1690

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)]

areddec885

leeseOE

reddOE

winc1220

deliver?c1225

ridc1225

quita1250

betellc1275

casta1300

to cast outa1300

liverc1330

rescuec1330

wrechec1330

borrowc1350

to put out of ——c1350

to bring awaya1400

redea1400

wreakc1400

rescourec1425

rescousa1450

savec1480

relue1483

salue1484

redeem1488

recovera1500

redressa1500

eschewc1500

rescours1511

to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526

recourse1533

withtakec1540

redeem1549

vindicate1568

retire1578

repair1591

reprieve1605

to bring off1609

c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 219 Lord, saue us, for we perisset.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1260 Ac ich wolde to sauui lif & lume bringe him to ech lawe.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2535 Wonderli a werwolf ȝesterday hem saued, þa pertly þe prouost barn bar a-way from alle; while men hunted after hem þai han a-wai schaped.

c1480 (a1400) St. George 116 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 179 To saf his douchtir fra þat wrak.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cvi^v Thus may yow saif me fra syte.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xc. 284 He that alwayes hath saued me out of all perelles wyll not forsake me at this tyme.

a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 55 Gif ze..salve his servandis ffre the daith so far as ze may.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iv. 3 One that I sau'd from drowning.

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ix. 9 Save a Thiefe from the Gallows, and he'll Cut your Throat.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 72 Did not you come Eleven of you into the Boat, where are the Ten? Why were not they sav'd and you lost?

1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 82* Two Heyducks who were behind the coach, bravely exposed their lives to save the King.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxii. 284 She fell on her knees, and thanked the Power which had saved her husband.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. vii. 94 ‘O, Mr. Symmes!—save me—do save me—do hide me!’ said Eliza.

1928 Hamilton (Ohio) Daily News 4 Jan. 6/5 Plain, ordinary, every-day water..squirts out of the engine hose to help the fireman save the child.

1975 Newport (Rhode Island) Daily News 22 May 8/1 A yachtsman..saved his dog but left three crewmen in the ocean for 10 hours until two died.

2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 25 Sept. 52/4 Miraculously saved from the Shoah, he spent the rest of his life dreaming of Poland.

c. transitive. To deliver or rescue (a people, state, or city) from harm or destruction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > deliver (a state or people)

savea1382

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxxi. 7 Saf [L. salva], Lord, thi puple, the remnauntis of Irael.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 3450 Fayn I wild purueie for Acres þat cite, ordeynd wer som weie how it mot saued be.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 59 He shold employe alle his entente to saue the comyn wele.

c1480 (a1400) St. George 106 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 179 His douchtir..to þe dragone suld be gyffine, to sauff þe ton.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. v. 34 My citee was sauffit be þi helpe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. iii. 134 If it were so, that our request did tend To saue the Romanes, thereby to destroy The Volces whom you serue.

1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 177 Cou'd Troy be sav'd by any single hand.

1779 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XIII. 299 Was there not some idea, at the evacuating of Philadelphia, to save New-York also by that measure?

1852 Ld. Tennyson Ode Wellington 200 Yea, let all good things await Him who cares not to be great, But as he saves or serves the state.

1894 J. T. Fowler in St. Adamnan Vita S. Columbae p. xxi The Bards were saved, but reformed.

1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War p. vi Everything should be done to save the native people from the fate which in all history had befallen aboriginal races brought into contact with civilization.

1959 H. Baillie High Tension vii. 96 He, Mussolini, and his Blackshirts had saved Italy from the Communists.

2003 E. Farkas Fractured States & U.S. Foreign Policy ii. 41 Kurdish representatives argued for military intervention to save the Kurds.

d. intransitive. To deliver or rescue a person, country, etc., from danger.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > afford deliverance [verb (intransitive)]

to-liver13..

savea1382

rescuea1393

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (intransitive)]

savea1382

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xlvi. 4 I shal bern, and I shal saue.

?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 30 The fyrst frute offyr to hym in sacryfice brent, hym evyr be-sechyng..In all ȝour werkys to save and spede.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Isa. lix. 1 The Lords hand is not shortened, that it can not saue.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. ii. 80 Your husband, he is gone to saue far off, Whilst others come to make him loose at home.

1692 R. Ames Double Descent 12 His business was to Save and not Invade.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 187 The same Ambition can destroy or save.

1781 W. Cowper Charity 226 Oh, 'tis a godlike privilege to save!

1848 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 626 Britain's daughters!.. Ye, for meet help and solace made, Go forth to cheer, to bless, to save!

1861 W. Whiting in W. H. Monk Hymns Anc. & Mod. ccxxii Eternal Father, strong to save.

1968 B. G. Glasser & A. L. Strauss Time for Dying vi. 104 The inept suicide case that ends up on an emergency ward can cause consternation among the staff—to save or not to save.

2006 D. Hopkins in G. Yeffeth Man from Krypton 17 ‘Superman is a guy with powers who saves people.’ Superman saves.

e. transitive. To rescue (property) from shipwreck, fire, etc.; to salvage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > property from fire, etc.

redd1487

save1582

salve1706

salvage1889

c1400 Burgh Laws (Bute) c. 21 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Sav(e Gyf a schyp be brokyn..the men ar haldyn to saufe als mykyl of the gudes as thai may.

1405 in H. M. Flasdieck Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1926) 39 Sir Roger shal graunte for hym and for his heirs, ȝif ony Burgeis or Comuners of the forsaid towne..fyrst fynde and holych saue ony thyng of wrek of the see that paseth the value of xxti s...of eche xxti s. so founden, ij s.

1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. xli. 95 There was kindled in the same [ship] a great fire, so that nothing was saued, but onely the men.

1615 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 73 The fyre was so vehement that littell or nothing was saved.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. i. 141 Go, go, be gone, to saue your Ship from wrack.

1756 Mag. of Mag. Jan. 52/1 The third day the fire continued, and great numbers went to see what effects could be saved.

1787 J. A. Park Syst. Law Marine Insurances 141 Whereas the circumstance of the lighters being saved, and the ship lost, was accidental.

1803 Sydney Gaz. 12 Mar. To be Sold... The Effects saved from the Wreck of the Schooner... Consisting of Rigging, Sails Canvas [etc.].

1847 Amer. Whig Rev. June 590/1 To the aid of some night herds in the wood we owe the small portion of our goods that were saved from the flames.

1878 M. W. Hungerford Molly Bawn xxxviii I saved them [sc. diamonds] from the fire.., and have had them re-set.

1936 Freeport (Illinois) Jrnl.-Standard 2 July 1/7 Mrs. Bardell saved some papers and documents from an upstairs room, but flames prevented her from making another trip to the upper story.

1947 R. Bradbury in Harper's Mag. Mar. 208/2 He ran downstairs, got the pass-key, a silver fork, and the three pieces of colored glass he had saved from the shattered window.

2009 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 10 Dec. 26 If your house or office was burning down, what's the one thing you would save?

f. transitive. To preserve or protect (a species, feature of the environment, etc.) from extinction or destruction, esp. owing to human activity. Frequently in imperative, as a slogan in environmentalist campaigns, as save the whale, etc.; such slogans can also be used attributively to denote such a campaign or things relating to it.

ΚΠ

1907 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 28 Dec. 5/1 (heading) To save the whale... Scientific men fear that the species will be exterminated.

1925 Boys' Life May 25/3 Wake up, boys of America..and let your slogan be: save the wild flowers of America!

1972 New Scientist 15 June 643/1 The occasion was a save-the-whale rally.

1989 Vegetarian Times Jan. 4/1 When you start getting into things like..saving the rainforests or anything else that smacks of personal ethics, it's almost like talking about religion and politics at the same time.

2008 T. Sanders Saving World at Work iv. 33 None has embraced it [sc. the environment] more than today's youth, raised on recycling and save-the-planet campaigns.

†a. transitive. To restore (a person) to health; to cure (a disease); to heal (a wound). Also in figurative contexts. Cf. salve v.¹ 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person or part

wholeeOE

healc1000

betterOE

i-sundienc1175

salvea1225

botenc1225

savea1250

warishc1250

recurea1382

curec1384

mendc1390

remedya1470

cheerc1540

loosea1637

to pull through1816

rehab1973

a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Lamb.) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 187 (MED) Nes hit for to sauuin seke inne sunne?

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 He is solsecle, to sauue ys forsoht.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 387 He was hard i-holde with a strong sikenesse, and myȝte nouȝt be i-heled noþer i-saved wiþ no manere medecyne [L. nulla medicina potuit curari].

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. l. 932 Bot as a man that wolde him save, Whan he is sek, be medicine.

a1425 Shrewsbury Fragm. in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 3 (MED) Why suffred he so forto dy, Sithe he may all sekenes saue?

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2558 My-self with a serop sall saue [a1500 Trin. Dublin safe] ȝow be-lyue.

c1475 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Caius) l. 3650 Lechyng good shall y haue, That shall my wounde hele and saue.

b. transitive. To prevent the loss of (an injured or infected limb, or other part of the body) by medical intervention; spec. to avoid the need for the amputation of.

ΚΠ

a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 27 So þat me behovethe to kytt all þe lyme as þe fote in yontoure for to saue [L. saluarem] þe legge.

1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 404 It may be feared justly, that the limbe although the party live, will hardly or never be saved.

1672 R. Wiseman Treat. Wounds ii. 90 If the Toes with part of the foot was shot off, cut off the lacerated parts smooth, but with care to save as much of the foot with the heel as you can.

1759 G. Neale tr. Mem. Royal Acad. Surg. Paris III. iv. 163 Mr. Faure..undertook the amputation in the joint, hoping to save the leg.

1795 J. Bell Disc. Nature & Cure Wounds iii. ii. 62 When the ancle joint is laid open,..it is almost impossible to save the foot, it had better be cut off.

1842 Provinc. Med Jrnl. 15 285/2 The latter operation..gave us a prospect of saving the leg.

1880 Ld. Tennyson Ballads & Other Poems 88 But they said too of him He was happier using the knife than in trying to save the limb.

1944 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. Apr. 86 All the toes of his right foot had to be amputated to save the leg.

1993 New Republic 16 Aug. 40/3 If I had made it twenty minutes sooner, they would have been able to inject nicotinic acid and save the eye.

c. transitive. To prevent (a sick or injured person) from dying by medical intervention. Cf. to save a person's life at Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > of mortal sickness

save1615

1615 R. Cocks Diary 28 Sept. (1883) I. 63 Soe our chirurgion was sent for to assist the Duch chirurgion to save the [wounded] man, yf it were possible.

1703 tr. A. de Ovalle Hist. Relation Chile i. ii. 6/1 He was brought to our House, and the Physician being call'd, said, he was a Dead Man, and nothing could save him.

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 109 It is better for the Surgeon's own sake to try these doubtful means, rather than suffer the patient to perish without any attempt to save him.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xli. 372 Her own little boy was saved, actually saved, by calomel, freely administered, when all the physicians in Paris had given the dear child up.

1868 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. Jan. 178 Under this system many feeble and even sick infants were saved by prompt care and attention.

1908 Illinois Med. Jrnl. July 46 He was secondarily infected to such an extent that I thought I would be unable to save him.

1956 Treatm. Chem. Warfare Casualties (Dept. Army, Navy, & Air Force) iv. 42 If treatment has been too long delayed, death may occur in spite of efforts to save the patient.

2011 Daily Tel. 11 Apr. 13/4 Doctors said she might have been saved by getting faster treatment.

4. transitive. Of a thing: to serve as a means of protection, defence, or preservation for (a person or thing).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > be means of deliverance to

save?c1250

?c1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 110 (MED) Ne miitte us saui castel, tur, ne halle.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2174 An wal..hom to saui fram alle tene.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 90 (MED) Some wil haue also no viser To saue his face, but only a naser.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 71 Couert of treis sawit him full weille.

1543 R. Grafton Contin. in Chron. J. Hardyng f. lii^v A goodly glose, by the whiche that place that maie defend a thefe, maie not saue an innocent.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 267 The wals were not able to save them.

1690 J. Sharp Serm. St. Margaret's Westm. 36 This is indeed the only Plank we have to trust to, that can save us from Shipwrack.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lxvii. 308 But it shall not save you. The very sunshine you live in, is a prelude to your dissolution.

1811 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (ed. 3) 701 The brilliant plumes of the royal goose do not save it from destruction, the flesh being exquisite.

1893 T. R. R. Stebbing Hist. Crustacea vi. 59 The strength of its shell does not save it from the gulls and crows.

1940 P. Loomis For her C-h-e—ild's Sake ii. 87 Nothing can save you now.

2008 Backpacker Oct. 98/2 Just don't rely on a cell alone to save you... You might not get a signal.

(a) transitive. To preserve or maintain (one's honour, reputation, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > specifically an immaterial thing

savec1300

salve1596

c1300 St. Sebastian (Laud) 28 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 179 (MED) Ich ȝaf þe mest power to holden op min honour and to saui it fer and ner.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 527 My worschipe to saue.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11232 Right sua al plain,..he com and yede, Saufand his moder hir maidenhede.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 338 Wyrk yhe then apon swylk wys That ȝour honour be sawyt ay.

?1531 R. Barnes Supplic. Kinge Henrye VIII f. liij^v Yt wylle be harde for my lorde of Rochester to saue his honestye.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 26 Thus will I saue my Credite in the shoote.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 148 Who to save the reputation of the Virgin, confessed that he came to rob the house.

1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. ii. xi. sig. P7^v 'Twould be much easier for the mistaken Physitian to save his Credit, than for the unprepar'd Sinner to save his Soul.

1734 A. Pope Epist. to Visct. Cobham 5 Must then at once (the Character to save) A plain, rough Hero turn a crafty Knave?

1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxvi. 58 If you would hope to save the wretched remains of a ruined reputation.

1851 E. Bulwer-Lytton Not so Bad ii. i. 29 The loan saved my credit, and made my fortune.

1873 Our Boys & Girls Sept. 607/1 Rose will be a home girl, Miss Churchill. The credit of our family will be saved.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxi. 91 It only required a little more persuasion, just enough to save his self-respect.

2010 Union Leader (Manchester, New Hampsh.) (Nexis) 10 Oct. 1 The airline could have saved its reputation and image by simply listening.

†(b) transitive. In past participle in a postmodifying (occasionally also premodifying) non-finite clause: preserving safe and intact, without detriment to, reserving. Frequently in my (also his, etc.) honour saved. Cf. saving prep. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > accept respectfully

to take awortha1387

save?a1475

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. 79 That he wolde submitte hym to his grace, his honoure and crowne of his realme salvede.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 52 And þus he may lefuly, sauid his ordre.

1487 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1487 §8. m. 4 Saved alwey to youre grace..of the seid fee ferme .xviij. li. .v. s.

1539 in W. A. J. Archbold Somerset Rel. Houses (1892) 71 We haue determyned (your lordeshippes pleasure savyd) to differ the same vnto our return.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 58^v I haue aunswered your custome, least you should argue me of coynesse, no otherwise then I might mine honour saued, and your name vnknowen.

1627 W. Duncomb tr. V. d'Audiguier Tragi-comicall Hist. our Times 95 I had your blood with so feeling a sorrow, that, my honour saved, I would willingly give you as much of mine to satisfie you.

1764 T. Mortimer New Hist. Eng. I. vii. 595/2 He could not purchase too dearly (his honour saved) a freedom which might enable him to restore peace to his kingdom.

†(c) transitive. Scottish. In the infinitive with prepositional sense: without prejudice or detriment to, with due regard for; = save prep. 1. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 173 ‘Schyr’, said he,..‘To sauff ȝour presence, it [is] nocht swa.’

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cv^v And grant the frekis on fold farar to fall Baith thair honouris to saif.

†b. transitive. To keep or observe (a duty or obligation). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > observance or carrying out a promise, law, etc. > observe or carry out a promise, law, etc. [verb (transitive)]

behold971

i-haldOE

yemec1000

usec1300

observec1391

savea1393

conservec1425

keep1479

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 1300 Wherof I can noght bothe save My speche and this obedience.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 287 (MED) Oure sabbotte he [sc. Jesus] saues not, but sadly assente To wirke.

a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) l. 538 (MED) All þai aw be day & night To saue þis rewle in all þer myght.

c. transitive. To abide by, fulfil (an oath or promise). Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > preserve the credit of (one's promise)

savec1405

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 768 I hadde wel leuere ystiked for to be..But if ye sholde youre trouthe kepe and saue.

c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 59 I sall safe myn athe wele ynoghe.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 268 I muste ryde with this damesel for to save my promyse.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 218^v (margin) The feithfulnesse of Demetrius towarde Mithridates his frend sauyng his othe vpright.

1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 i. ii. 17 + 2 Ile shew your grace the waie to saue your oath.

1648 E. Sherburne in tr. Seneca Medea 108 The God to save his oath caus'd one of his fingers to be bound with a hoope or Ring of Iron.

1681 M. D. Brief Hist. Life Mary Queen of Scots 19 Thousands of your Majesties most Leige and Loving Subjects..can neither discharge their love, nor well save their Oaths, if your Majesty shall keep her alive.

1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xvi. 94 Away I went—to find my brother, to save my word.

?1786 W. Huntington Naked Bow of God 35 He..rode furiously in his way home, that he might save his oath, and execute his promise.

1804 W. Mavor Universal Hist. XI. 116 As soon as Newruz had reached his own country, to save his oath, he sent a kettle tied up in a bag to Baydu.

1864 J. H. Todd St. Patrick 117 The saint.., to save his promise, left a toe of his right foot to be buried in Italy.

1913 Moving Picture World 8 Nov. 612/2 At the end, he getting too impetuous, she has to stab him to death to save her oath.

a1973 J. R. R. Tolkien Silmarillion (1977) xix. 167 Those that heard these words perceived that Thingol would save his oath, and yet send Beren to his death.

2001 J. Reston Warriors of God ix. 85 I will have mercy on your people in a way that will save my oath. They will surrender to me as if taken by force.

a. transitive. To preserve or keep in good condition (something perishable, esp. a foodstuff); to keep from decaying or spoiling. Now rare (chiefly North American).In quot. a1325 with of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve from decay, loss, or destruction

savea1325

servea1375

conservea1413

observe?1440

support1495

powder1530

reserve1555

incorrupt1890

a1325 Diuersa Cibaria in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 56 Her þou miht ywiten þe maner hou þou schalt maken diuers potages & metes & sauen veneson of rastischipe [= rancidness].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. lxxxi. 867 Of pouder is oignement ymade þat kepeþ and saueþ dede bodies.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xii. 308 Baskettis of seggis..So they be thykke, and saue their recluse.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 507 After that, it ought to be dried in the Sun, and saued in a brasen box.

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 33 They [sc. the fish] are saued three maner of wayes: by fuming, pressing, or pickelling.

1662 Act 13 & 14 Chas. II c. 26 All Butter shall be salted and saved with small Salt.

1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 121 There sav'd by spice, like mummies, many a year, Old Bodies of Philosophy appear.

1825 H. Putnam Touches on Agric. (ed. 2) 39 I have seldom tasted a good pickle, that was saved in salt, and I see no economy in it.

1850 W. Gere Let. 30 Jan. in Documents Assembly State of N.Y., 73rd Session VIII. No. 184. 44 Your solar salt is equal to the tide-water salt in all respects as to saving meats &c.

1873 M. Carroll Seal & Herring Fisheries Newfoundland 38 I always endeavoured to make myself thoroughly acquainted with the best and surest way of saving Herring.

a1910 G. S. Wasson in Amer. Speech (1979) 54 99 Ten pounds of salt to save a deck of mackerel.

2010 T. L. Schmidt Venison Wisdom Cookbk. x. 92 (heading) Save meat with citric acid.

b. intransitive. Chiefly North American. Of something perishable, esp. a foodstuff: to remain in good condition, to last without spoiling; = keep v. 41. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1682 S. Wilson Acct. Province Carolina 13 Beef will take salt at Ashly-River any Month in the Year, and save very well.

1835 Cultivator Mar. 37/1 Partially cured, and mixed in the barn with barley straw, in alternate layers, it [sc. lucern] saves well, and very much improves the straw.

1847 Knickerbocker Apr. 378 Our General-Inspector may pack one barrel of beef, but it will not save, unless the salt is applied to its usage, and then the beef will save itself.

1870 New Eng. Farmer Sept. 425/2 Hay in a five or ten hundred pound stack will save well when it is so green that it would spoil in a thirty hundred pound stack.

1917 R. S. Bradley Cook Bk., Helpful Recipes for War Time 5 Do not stint sugar in putting up fruit and jams. They will save better.

2009 D. Virtue & J. Ross Art of Raw Living Food 87 The sauce saves for up to 5 days in the refrigerator.

7. transitive. With from (also †of, †out of). To protect (a person) from a likely misfortune or something which would be unwelcome or untoward; to provide with immunity from a potential hurt or annoyance. Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve (a person) from anything unpleasant

savec1325

spare1681

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 8839 (MED) In trauail he was..of þoȝte..Vor to saui [v.r. sauye] poueremen vram richemenne vnriȝt.

c1325 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 147 (MED) Of mi sorwe yhe may me sauen.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 23 (MED) Þat on Clothing is from Chele ow to saue.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2985 (MED) Fra toche of hir i saued þe, þat þou suld not sin in me.

c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 99 (MED) In all maner of lettirs he saued [Fr. sauva] his people fro sodeyn feer.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 293 Þonkyng hym þat sauid hym wyth hys blessing from poysynnyng.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lv. 186 The good harneys saued Huon fro all hurtes.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 698/1 I save one from daunger, as harnesse doth ones persone, or as medecyne, or preservatyve dothe ones helth, je contregarde.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. ii. sig. O7 But Zelmanes comming saued Dorus from further chiding.

1603 J. Davies Microcosmos Ded. 29 I..That willingly (to saue thee from annoy Of dire dislike, for ingratuitee) Do take vpon me to expresse thy ioy.

1655 J. Shirley Gentleman of Venice i. i. 5 Mal... In the mean time lend me the trifling Duccats... Cor. Not a Muccinigo To save thee from the Gallies.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 585 I saved my self out of those difficulties by saying to all my friends, that I would not be involved in any such confidence.

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 746 Yet neither these delights, nor aught beside..Can save us always from a tedious day, Or shine the dulness of still life away.

1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 226 He saved me from much interruption and many annoying questions.

1855 Harper's Mag. June 95/1 I am obliged to go posthaste to destruction, if only to save myself from dying of ennui.

1908 G. B. Shaw Let. 29 June (1972) II. 793 You can imagine how the honest Pitmanite who was asked to decipher it..believed that he had saved me from a fearful scandal.

1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Dec. 753/1 To save his family from being ‘smeared’ by ‘left-wingers and pinkoes’ he decides to use the pseudonym Victor J. Fox.

2008 E. Harrison Best Girl 235 She'd saved me from a fate worse than death—being dateless.

†8. transitive. To refrain from killing (a person or animal); to allow to live, to spare. Frequently in collocation with slay. Also intransitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > compassion > feel pity for [verb (transitive)] > have mercy upon

sparec825

milceeOE

arec1000

i-milcec1000

to have (also take) mercy on (also upon, of)a1225

to show (also do) mercy (to)a1225

methec1225

savea1382

miltha1400

tender1442

to take to (also into) mercy1523

mercify1596

bemercy1660

to give (or cut) (a person) some slack1968

the mind > emotion > compassion > feel pity or compassion [verb (intransitive)] > have mercy > show mercy

sparea1225

savea1382

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve alive or spare the life of

reservea1382

savea1382

preservea1393

reprise?1567

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xx. 11 Ȝif..þou comest nyȝ to acite to been ouercome: ferst þou shalt offre to hit pees, ȝif he..opene to þe þe ȝatys: al þe peple þat is in hit shal be saued [L. salvabitur] & shal serue to þee vnder tribute.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 3425 (MED) Where him hapneth the victoire, His lust and al his moste gloire Was forto sle and noght to save.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 1988 (MED) We schal noon of hem saue, But cruely take on hem vengaunce.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. iv. 52 Whan he sauyth the lyf of them that he may slee.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 256 Wallace commaundede thai suld na wermen saiff.

a1525 Bk. Chess l. 1033 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I In batall is mor worschipe..To wyn & saif than for to sla all dovne.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 79 I ordand ȝou to slay doune al the romans and nocht to saif ane of them.

1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) iv. xvi. 586 To saue or slay the Sparow that he holdeth closed in his hand.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. vii. 115 And therefore yet relent, and saue my life.

1642 Laws of War Army Earl Essex 20 None shall save a man that hath his offensive Armes in his hands, upon paine of losing his prisoner.

1743 H. Fielding Misc. I. 5 Virtue another Path had bid thee find, Taught thee to save, and not to slay Mankind.

1850 B. Sears Luther 190 Save or slay, call or recall, approve or disapprove, as it shall best please you.

1890 H. M. Stanley In Darkest Afr. II. 260 He came in and said that he had come to throw himself at our feet to be slain or saved.

a. transitive. To protect or guard (something) from damage, loss, or destruction. Frequently with from.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)]

werea900

savea1387

preservea1393

restraina1398

recurec1450

withsavea1542

excuse1653

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 429 And so þe strokes were i-lette, and þe walles i-saved.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 900 Ȝyf ȝe do þus goddys heste, He saueþ [Fr. gardera] ȝoure vynys fro þe tempest.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 39 Hys hall was yche day of the ȝere new strawed..forto saue knyghtys cloþys þat setton on þe flore.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique ii. f. 65 Fonde is his purpose that beinge in the rayne, casteth his garmente in a Bushe, and standeth naked him selfe, for sauynge the glosse of his gaye coate.

1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. xii. 63 A Ferril of Brass may be put thereon to save the Head from cleaving.

1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 15 To save the Powder from too rude a Gale.

1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 312 But Cl–nt–ns glaive frae rust to save He hung it to the wa', man.

1835 ‘S. Oliver’ Rambles Northumberland 106 A weise is a circular pad, commonly made of an old stocking, but sometimes merely a wreath of straw or grass, to save the head from the pressure of the pail.

1841 P. Masters Young Cook's Assistant 26 You may burn the sugar in a large iron spoon, as it will save the stew-pan.

1886 P. G. Ebbutt Emigrant Life Kansas 54 We..were only just in time to save the whole place from destruction, by burning a sufficiently wide piece of grass off, and thus stopping the rush of fire.

1907 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 97 Over-exposed prints may possibly be saved by further diluting the developer.

1960 Times 7 Mar. 8/3 It is hoped..to save the Temples from inundation by means of an earth and rock-fill dam.

2006 D. Meyer Setting Table (2008) i. 20 I managed to save the cake, but I was unable to brush off all the ashes before applying the frosting.

†b. transitive. To keep (property) from becoming lost or from passing into another's hands; to hold in safe keeping. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > keep (property) from being lost

save1389

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 81 Also, ye skyueyns of ye gylde yat hauen ye catel in hande, scholene fynden borwes to ye alderman, for to sauen ye catel, and for to bringe it forht at ye general morspeche, wyht-outen ani lettyng.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. x. l. 272 When þy lord lokeþ to haue a-louaunce for hus bestes, And of þe monye þow haddist þer-myd hus meoble to saue.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Tim. vi. 20 O Timothe save that which is geven the to kepe.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. ii. 15 The realme of latynis and troianis was sauffit to þis childe Ascanius be prudent tutorie of lavinia his moder.

†c. transitive. To make (a place) secure. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 294 (MED) Þe toun he suld so saue þat he suld not ascape.

†d. transitive. To have custody of (a person). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > have (a person) in safe keeping

savec1405

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Physician's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 200 I deme anon this cherl his seruant haue Thou shalt no lenger in thyn hous hir saue.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 1670 She was Iput for mor surete With hir vncle, that sholde keepe & saue This seid[e] maide.

1607 (?a1425) Moses & Law (Harl. 2124) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mills Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. App. 478 In a whalles bellye three dayes saved I was.

10. transitive. Law (originally and chiefly Scots Law). Chiefly with to or unto. To reserve (a right or possession) for a person. Chiefly in present participle. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1389 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 16 That the forsayde schyr Jon sall gyf to the forsaide Doncane..al hys land of Kylmanyne saufand til the forsayde schyr Jon hys tenandrys [etc.].

1477 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1885) VIII. 403 To be haldin..to the said Johne and Agnes..saulfing alanerly to ws and oure successouris the cariage of samekl of the saidis landis as the said Johne and Agnes occupiis [etc.].

?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton i. sig. aviii^v By the comyn wele of a londe is saued al synguler prouffytes and vtylytees.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xviii^v Yf a man let lande to another for terme of lyfe..sauynge to hym the reuercyon.

1571 Act 13 Eliz. c. 29 §6 Savinge to all and every person or persons..all such Rightes..w^ch they..had, might or should have had, of, in or to any the Mannors Lordshippes [etc.].

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 43 Saifeand alwise the service to the other over-lord, for the lands haldin of him.

1620 J. Wilkinson Treat. Statutes conc. Coroners & Sherifes (new ed.) 3 Alwaies saving to the King and to other Lords their Seigniories and Franchises.

1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. x. §648. 277 The Lord doth grant the rent unto a stranger saving unto him his seignory.

1777 Act to prevent Waste, Destr. & Embezzlement Goods or Estates in Charters & Gen. Laws Mass. App. xliv. 810 Saving alway unto any person aggrieved at any sentence..an appeal unto the supreme court.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. v. 23 We find a clause..introduced saving the king's rights.

1918 Northwest Reporter 164 370/2 Saving always the right to object to the jurisdiction of the court.

11. transitive. With adjectival complement (as sound, unhurt, whole, etc.). To keep or preserve in the specified state. Now rare.to save harmless: see harmless adj. 2.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5037 Lauerd..Sauue mi childir hale to me.

a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 2827 Þer ne is peny nor pownde Þat any of ȝou schal saue sownde.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 223 (MED) Ane angell..opynd þe dure and savid þe seale hale at Saynt Remigius sett on itt.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xviii. 27 When the wycked man turneth awaye from his wickednesse..he shal saue his soule alyue.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 225 To saue vnscratch'd your Citties threatned cheekes.

1785 W. Cowper Task i. 566 Which, kindled with dry leaves, just saves unquench'd The spark of life.

1846 T. H. Key Lat. Gram. 278 I could have saved him unhurt for his parent Daunus [L. Dauno possem incolumem servare parenti].

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 48 To save her dear lord whole from any wound.

1998 M. Eldridge Transforming Experience p. x The one who initially encouraged me in the effort to save Dewey whole was Ralph Sleeper.

†12. transitive. Scottish. In the infinitive with prepositional sense: except for, with the exception of; = save prep. 2, saving prep. 1a. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > except or excepting

savec1330

out-takenc1384

saving1386

other thana1425

savea1500

reserving1541

salvo1601

to set aside1610

abstracting from1614

save fora1616

sans1659

exclude1720

aside from1818

saufc1844

out-taking1848

secludinga1851

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 1600 For nane þar gouernalle þar had, To sauff barnnys of ȝoutheide.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 1170 Al þe cite þan fande þai Withe þar fais nere wptane, To sauff þe Capitalle allane.

13.

†a. intransitive and transitive (reflexive). To avoid loss. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > be victorious [verb (intransitive)] > avoid loss

save1548

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (intransitive)] > avoid financial loss

save1696

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxxix^v So both parties, rather myndyng to gain or saue, then to lose, departed for that tyme.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxlj^v Thenglishemen sometyme saued, and sometyme gained, but the moste losse lighted on the Frenchemen.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) A Tradesman is said to save himself that neither gets nor loses.

b. transitive. Gambling. To avoid or prevent the loss of (a wager or stake).

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. iv. 94 The description Of what is in her Chamber, nothing saues The wager you haue laid.

1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester v. 76 An endless end of the Game, both Gamesters saving their Stakes.

1714 E. Ward Field-spy 19 Now Doctor mind, put in and save the Game.

1823 E. Weatherby & J. Weatherby Racing Cal. 15 209 The second horse saved his Stake.

1874 M. Symington Bessie Gordon's Story iv. 18 The passion and the eloquence were to save his wager, and not to win her.

1904 G. Stratton-Porter Freckles xii. 261 The Angel would try to get the Boss there in time to save his wager.

2010 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 2 June 54 Odds of 5-1 are about right. Each-way should save the stake.

c. transitive. Chiefly Sport. To prevent the loss of (a game or match), esp. by achieving a draw when defeat had seemed likely; (Cricket) to prevent the loss of (a wicket).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > prevent loss of game

save1748

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > prevent loss of wicket

save1748

1748 E. Hoyle Short Treat. Game Whist (ed. 8) xvi. 68 Unless the gaining of 2 Tricks gives you a Chance either to save your Lurch or to win and save the Game.

1775 New Articles Game of Cricket 11 If a striker nips a Ball up just before him, he may fall before his Wicket, or pop down his Bat, before it comes to the Wicket, to save it.

1837 D. Walker Games & Sports 217 The striker..must never follow a ball so far that, in case of no runs being obtained, he cannot return to save his wicket.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. vi. 389 The Marylebone men..are working like horses now to save the match.

1862 London Society Aug. 114/1 As to his bowling, it might have saved the game.

1901 Empire Rev. July 640 He ought not to be allowed to save his wicket with the leg when the bowler has fairly beaten him with perhaps the best ball he can bowl.

1952 Times 3 July 4/1 After an early break of service he reached 3–1 and very nearly 4–1, when Flam saved the game gloriously, winning five points running.

1989 Hobart (Austral.) Mercury (Nexis) 20 May His second delivery completely deceived Cook, the batsman jamming down just in time to save his wicket.

2006 B. George & L. Hardy Bobby Dazzler x. 131 Doug was left with double top to beat me but I saved the match.

d. transitive. Horse Racing slang. To hedge so as to protect (a person, esp. oneself, or one's bets) from loss, or so as to recover (a certain sum) out of one's losses (upon a horse). Also intransitive: to hedge one's bets. Cf. hedge v. 8. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1839 New Sporting Mag. Oct. 248 The dead heat saved many a book and man.

1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ O.V.H. xx And even his lordship began to grudge that he had not just saved his book upon him [sc. a horse] in consonance with the Major's advice.

1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ O.V.H. xx Most who received the news at least saved themselves upon the outsider.

1882 Sydney Slang Dict. 7/2 A. and B. have backed different horses, and they agree that in the event of either one winning he shall give the other, say, £5. This is called ‘saving a fiver’.

1968 M. B. Scott Racing Game 40 Dick, if your horse went with the favorite for half a mile and then you, Harry, picked him up at the far turn, the favorite would be a dead duck. And if I can get home with Slow Bones, I'll be glad to ‘save’ with you boys.

e. transitive. Baseball. Of a relief pitcher: to finish (a game) while preserving a winning position gained by another pitcher. Cf. save n.² 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > actions of pitcher

pitch1848

curve1877

to put over1891

scatter1892

save1899

to put across1903

walk1905

fan1909

plunk1909

southpaw1911

whiff1914

sidearm1921

sidearm1922

outpitch1928

blow1938

hang1967

wild pitch1970

1899 Outing June 300/2 He saved two games for Illinois by going in at critical times, and pitched like a veteran.

1920 C. M. Hamilton Seen on Stage iii. 17 Christopher Mathewson was called upon in the ninth inning to save a game that hung tremulously in the balance.

1971 H. Seymour Baseball v. xxii. 438 Relief pitcher Fred ‘Firpo’ Marberry saved many a game with his blinding fast ball.

1989 D. Okrent & S. Wulf Baseball Anecd. ii. 105 Moore became the prototype of the modern relief pitcher, winning 19 and saving 15 of the 50 games in which he appeared.

2011 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 18 Apr. 60 Mariano Rivera..has saved or won eight of the Yankees' victories.

14. transitive. To be in time for; to manage to catch. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > provide occasion or opportunity [verb (transitive)] > just be in time for

nicka1664

save1665

1665 S. Pepys Diary 19 Oct. (1972) VI. 271 So back to my office, and there till past one before I could get all these letters and papers copied out, which vexed me, but so sent them away without hopes of saving the post.

1738 J. Swift Reasons humbly Offered in Polit. Tracts II. 260 Being wise enough to foresee a Restoration, they seized the Forts and Castles here..; just saving the Tide, and putting in a Stock of Merit, sufficient..to preserve [etc.].

1807 J. T. Ross Let. 2 Dec. in Series Lett. First Earl Malmesbury (1870) II. 66 I had but just time to save the coach, to write to your Lordship the few lines I sent this morning.

1833 I. Taylor Fanaticism vi. 203 That they may save the hour of..appointment.

1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. vii. 163 There arises a question whether under such circumstances the train can be saved.

1902 Punch 20 Aug. 117/2 I'll just save the mail if I quit now.

†15. transitive. To make (a dangerous voyage) safely. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > perform or accomplish by sailing > a dangerous voyage

save1698

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 77 This holds with little intermission till..the first Full Moon in August; when our Europe Ships, if they save their Passage about the Cape, venture to make in here.

1787 J. A. Park Syst. Law Marine Insurances 310 It was still doubtful whether the ship would or would not save her passage.

16. Computing.

a. transitive. To preserve (data or a program) by copying from main memory to a hard drive or other storage medium, allowing subsequent retrieval as required; to replace (a file on a storage medium) with a changed version residing in main memory. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > data > database > use data [verb (transitive)] > store

store1909

write1946

save1961

to back up1967

to read in1970

archive1979

1961 Proc. National Symp. Machine Transl. (U.S.) 328 The information cell of the matching text form is saved.

1979 Personal Computer World Nov. 49/1 To save programs they must first be moved out of the way of the DOS, control switched back to the 6502, 65DOS booted in and finally the program saved.

1989 InfoWorld 3 Apr. 82/1 No autosave feature is provided, making it quite easy to lose data if you don't remember to save regularly.

1992 MacWeek 16 Nov. 155/1 Drivers that let users save documents as Portable Document Files (PDF).

1997 P. Cornwell Unnatural Exposure ii. 40 I printed the file and saved it on my A drive, fearful it would somehow vanish before my eyes.

2010 Toronto Star (Nexis) 9 Dec. g1 All versions saved in the previous 30 days are available to be restored.

b. intransitive. Of data or a program: to be preserved by copying from main memory to a hard drive or other storage medium, allowing subsequent retrieval as required. Of a file or storage medium: to be replaced by a changed version residing in main memory.

ΚΠ

1992 D. Gookin Hard Disk Managem. with DOS 5 (ed. 3) xvii. 296 If the file won't save, try saving it under a different name.

2006 Red Nation Black World 29 Waiting for..a document to save or..print will send people into an absolute frenzy.

2009 Middlesbrough Evening Gaz. (Nexis) 21 Jan. 2 Chris is the first line of support for problems—from a document that won't save to an interactive whiteboard that doesn't work.

II. To reserve or lay aside; to accrue, keep.

17.

a. transitive. To keep and store up instead of spending or using, esp. over time; (chiefly) spec. to accumulate (money) by regularly setting aside a portion of one's income, now typically by depositing sums in a bank or building society account, purchasing savings certificates, etc. Cf. to save up 2 at Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > use sparingly or frugally [verb (transitive)] > save

savec1390

to save up1796

the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve > by dint of economy

spelec1175

savec1390

hain?1507

to save up1796

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > put money aside

savec1390

to save up1721

sock1942

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. viii. l. 27 Treuþe..Bad hem Bugge Boldely what hem best lykede, And seþþen sullen hit a-ȝeyn And saue þe wynnynge.

c1500 How Good Wife taught her Daughter (Ashm.) l. 170 Þei..Þat wyll thryue and þer gode saue.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. iii. 40 I haue fiue hundred Crownes, The thriftie hire I saued vnder your Father.

1743 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews (ed. 3) II. iii. iii. 43 I had,..during the Time I was in his Service, saved a few Guineas.

1753 S. Johnson Adventurer No. 84. ⁋14 A nobleman's butler, who has furnished a shop with the money he has saved.

1815 He must be Married i. i, in New Briit. Theatre IV. 235 I used to tie up every farthing I got, in the foot of an old stocking, and save it for a rainy day.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Dora in Poems (new ed.) II. 35 But Dora stored what little she could save, And sent it them by stealth.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vi. 95 He was able to save money for his son's education.

1914 Kelso Chron. 11 Dec. 4 I have heard several old shepherds say that when young they made a struggle to save money for a pack.

1948 BIllboard 21 Aug. 103/3 A number of the regular vender customers have saved enough coupons to obtain premiums.

1972 A. S. Neill Neill! Neill! Orange Peel! ii. 238 Today, I don't see the young..saving money. It burns a hole in their pockets.

2010 J. Keene & H. Levin In with Devil iv. 60 They would eat out every day because she was too lazy to cook. That's why they never saved a penny.

b. intransitive. To keep and store up resources instead of spending or using them; (chiefly) spec. to accumulate money by regularly setting aside a portion of one's income, now typically by depositing sums in a bank or building society account, purchasing savings certificates, etc. Cf. to save up 1 at Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > be sparing or frugal [verb (intransitive)] > save

savea1450

scrape1552

to save up1715

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)]

savea1450

to stand upon ——1603

niggle1630

manage1649

the mind > possession > supply > storage > be stored [verb (intransitive)] > store > save or reserve

savea1450

a1450 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1931) 159 89 (MED) Set & sawe if þou wil hafe.

a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 316 (MED) Kype and save, and thou schalle have.

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) III. 43 Gett and saif and thow sall haif Len and grant And thow sall want.

1595 T. Lodge Fig for Momus sig. H^v Counsell, how to spend, and saue.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue 139 For it is not alwayes fit for a Gentleman to saue; nor for a poore man to spend.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. iii. 410 Whatever industry might acquire, if parsimony did not save and store up, the capital would never be the greater.

1859 S. Smiles Self-help ix. 234 Add guinea to guinea; scrape and save; and the pile of gold will gradually rise.

1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. ix. 86 It is idle to say that the better-paid working men cannot save.

1916 War Savings Oct. 16/1 Men are encouraged to save and help their country by joining the Association.

1961 E. S. Turner Phoney War xx. 292 This was merely an ingenious way of getting people to save.

2007 G. Clark Farewell to Alms ix. 172 Only if interest rates rise to high levels can sufficient numbers of people be persuaded to save rather than consume now.

18.

a. transitive. To avoid spending or consuming (money, goods, etc.); to make a saving of (a given amount), esp. on a purchase. Also with indirect object (formerly also with †to): to enable a person to avoid spending or consuming (money, goods, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > avoid spending money

savec1390

to save one's pocket1700

hain1862

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > avoid spending money > enable person to

save1539

c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 545 Ki sauuer veut soun doner, Corteis seit de soun manger... He may saue moneye and gete Þat wol be curteys of his mete.

1539 in W. A. J. Archbold Somerset Rel. Houses (1892) 73 Ther will be a great soome of money that shalbe salved to the kinges highnes therbye.

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons f. 6^v And so consequentlie in their whole Armies to saue the pay of a great sort of Captaines..and other Officers.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. iii. 40 Thou hast saued me a thousand Markes in Linkes, and Torches.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 207 The said Ianizare..will easily save a man more then his wages.

1661 S. Pepys Diary 19 Aug. (1970) II. 158 When we came to look for our coach, we find it gone, so we were fain to walk home afoot and saved our money.

1712 J. Swift Proposal for Eng. Tongue 46 You have already saved several Millions to the Publick.

1747 J. Smith Chronicon Rusticum-commerciale II. cxxii. 224 The setting up of Salt Works..saves a great deal of Treasure yearly.

1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 406 By carrying this plan into execution, the public..would save not less than four millions per annum.

1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 257 With suitable flues, the saving of fuel is much greater when turf and wood are employed than is the case with coal;..¹/ ₃rd being saved in the case of wood, and ¹/ ₄th only in that of coal.

1861 A. Trollope Framley Parsonage III. i. 13 Mr. Sowerby then got into another cab... Any one else would have saved his shilling, as Mrs. Harold Smith's house was only just across Oxford Street.

1907 Automotor Jrnl. 8 June 794/1 During the fourth lap Mr. Squire still further nursed his vehicle in order to save petrol.

1933 Amer. Boy Sept. 10/1 He saved us the price of a new batting cage by finding some old chicken wire, part of an old baby buggy and recasting it into a serviceable homemade backstop.

1991 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 19 July a10/3 (advt.) Men can save 40% to 50% on selected tailored clothing.

2008 P. Paul Parenting, Inc. i. 40 The chair I ended up buying, which is perfectly safe, saved me over $100.

b. transitive. To reduce or minimize (time taken, labour expended, distance to be travelled, etc.); to make a saving of (a specified amount of time, labour, etc.). Also with the person who benefits by this as indirect object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > save or spare time

redeem1526

steal1526

spare1548

save?1556

behusband?a1639

retrieve1688

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > avoid (doing something) > incurring or expending (effort, trouble, etc.)

sparea1325

to spare for14..

save?1556

?1556 L. Digges Tectonicon sig. C.i^v To saue labour, ye may adde some porcion vnto that, and make it square or otherwyse.

1579 in W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue sig. Bii Therefore saue labour for making any further reply hereunto, least you doe but lose your trauaile herein.

1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 74 To chuse time, is to saue time.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. ii. 6 You might haue saued mee my paines, to haue taken it away your selfe.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 3 Fair weather beginning with the New Moon, made the Captain repent that he had not passed through the Phare of Messina, which would have saved him fifty miles in his course.

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. vi. 189 Would it not be a meritorious Deed..if we saved them the Labour of making Tents?

1793 T. Dawes Let. 29 Apr. in E. E. Ford Notes Life N. Webster (1912) I. 325 I should have saved 20 miles by going over Coy's Hill, but was fearful I should not be able to hire a conveyance [etc.].

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. iv. 70 Edith..baked all the oatmeal cakes, which saved Alice a good deal of time.

1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat 149 We had dispensed with tea, so as to save time.

1922 Official Automobile Blue Bk. 1923 II. 672/2 This [connection] avoids Knoxville and saves 30 miles.

1945 Daily Herald 31 Aug. 2/1 (advt.) Cyder, like many other things, is now zoned to save transport and labour.

1987 D. F. Wallace Broom of Syst. (1993) 260/1 She can weed out the more obviously pathetic or inappropriate submissions, and save me valuable weeding time.

2005 Horse June 127 Although they save time, ready-meals and convenience foods are not the best solution.

c. intransitive. To reduce or minimize costs or the use of resources; to reduce expenditure or consumption. Frequently with in, on.

ΚΠ

a1626 F. Bacon Inquisitions Compounding Metals in Baconiana (1679) 94 Brass Ordinance..saveth both in the quantity of the Material, and in the charge and commodity of mounting & carriage.

1794 A. Young Trav. France (ed. 2) I. xix. 553 Machinery in this mill saves in labour in the proportion of three hands doing the work of eight.

1817 Philos. Mag. 50 180 These engines I am making will save in fuel very materially.

1860 R. W. Emerson in Conduct of Life 136 Self-denial..that saves on superfluities, and spends on essentials.

1894 Electr. World 9 June 770/1 That which saves in the cost of the energy is a saving every day.

1913 Amer. Stationer 5 Apr. 30/1 Eliminating the necessity of carting rail shipments..saves by expediting the freight movement.

1935 Pop. Sci. Feb. 6/2 He bargains for the best in repairs, saves in gas and electricity, and buys only where quality is high and prices low.

1990 Which? June 341/2 All but six of the players have ‘autostop’ at the end of a tape, which saves on batteries.

2003 B. Trapido Frankie & Stankie i. 1 The women are saving on light bulbs and they're knitting balaclavas for the troops.

2004 Proc. 30th Internat. Conf. on very Large Data Bases 1379 Limiting the amount of transmitted data to the positive and negative updates only..saves in network bandwidth.

19.

a. transitive. To keep for a particular purpose or some anticipated future use; to set aside, lay by, reserve.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve

reservea1382

keepa1400

sparea1400

savea1450

to put by1568

to put aside1569

to set byc1595

sepose1609

seposit1657

to lay aside1711

to set away1747

to lay by1786

to lay (also put) past1847

to put away1861

a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) l. 1582 Þat euer-ilkon wil of hir laue Þe third part til hir sopper saue.

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. D An Emperour of Rome being loth to lose any commodity, that might bee saued, gaue a strayt charge, that euery housholde within the Citie, should saue their vrine.

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. v. 7 Good thou, saue me a peece of March-pane.

1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. iv. 113 Before you salt your butter you saue a lumpe thereof and put it into a vessell, and so set it into the sunne the space of that moneth.

1675 Accomplish'd Lady's Delight cxxvii. 54 Save a piece of the Paste, and break the rest in pieces.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 159 I saved the Skins of all the Creatures that I kill'd.

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 78 Take..a Bunch of Turnips, pare them, save three or four out, put the rest into the Water.

1845 Visit to Bury St. Edmunds 90 I have one pair [of shoes]; they were almost worn out when father died, and as mother can't buy any more, I save them for Sundays.

1875 Amer. Swine & Poultry Jrnl. Aug. 31/2 I have a fine Bronze gobbler; shall want to buy another hen this fall; save me one if you please.

1913 R. M. Woolley Bread of Eucharist 14 The East Syrians and the West Syrians..both save a portion of the dough at the making of the Eucharistic bread to be mixed with the next making.

1949 Life 19 Sept. 173/1 He'd found the precious bottle in Mombasa two weeks before and had saved it for a special occasion.

1987 N.Y. Times 29 Nov. 87 What do you do with the rest [of the photographs]? The temptation is to save them for a rainy day.

2010 R. Reilly Sports from Hell ii. 31 Let's eat one now and save the other for later.

b. transitive. Agriculture and Horticulture. To collect and store (seed) for later sowing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [verb (transitive)] > collect and store seed

save1620

1620 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. V. 23 As good husbands, doe not put all their corne to the ouen, but saue some for seed.

1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden xxiii. 47 The Roots [of Clary]..perish after the Seed-time: it is most usuall to save it; for the Seed seldom riseth of its own shedding.

1718 R. Bradley New Improvem. Planting & Gardening (ed. 2) I. 100 We ought to save Seeds for Sowing and Propagating others, if we hope for Success.

1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry IV. 128 The best way to save the seeds of this plant, is [etc.].

1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 92 It is feared the bulk of the people will not be able to save seed for next crop.

1835 New Monthly Mag. Nov. 393 Mr. Hickling, of Norfolk, found three extraordinary ears—saved and sowed them—they made a prodigious increase.

1862 Midland Florist Feb. 26/1 Seed saved now produce flowers nearly like the parents.

1910 Times 8 Sept. 3/3 The red clover was, perhaps, the least satisfactory of the crops, though our host had for a generation saved seed of a variety..best adapted to the land.

2001 Org. Gardening Jan. 8/1 The gardener cannot save his own seed and has to purchase it anew each year.

c. transitive. Agriculture (chiefly English regional, Irish English, and U.S. regional (southern and south Midland) in later use). To harvest or house (crops); to dry (crops) by exposure to the air; to set up (a haystack or stack of peat or turf) to dry. Cf. win v.³

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > dry crops in field

make1425

win1557

save1719

ted1796

field1844

wilt1971

1655 V. Gookin Author & Case transplanting Irish Vindicated 15 The Lands of Ireland are generally so unapt for Corn,..without many hands to save the Corn, that the first Crop seldome (if ever) makes the Husbandman a Saver.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 139 When it [sc. the corn] was growing and grown, I have observ'd already, how many things I wanted, to Fence it, Secure it, Mow or Reap it, Cure and Carry it Home, Thrash, Part it from the Chaff, and Save it.

1764 Museum Rusticum 1 lxxxiii. 361 The farmers pile them up in one of their offices, with an outside facing of bog turf well saved.

1799 ‘P. Pindar’ Nil Admirari 45 It chanc'd that the Churchwarden, Robin Jay, Had of his meadow not yet sav'd the hay.

1824 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) II. 183 The Northumberland people have an idiom of ‘saving hay’ for ‘making hay’.

1847 in G. N. Jones Florida Plantation Rec. (1927) 273 23 hands saveing foder.

1892 J. Barlow Irish Idylls i. 8 A turf-stack..when newly ‘saved’..looks like a solidified shadow of the little house.

1921 Dial. Notes 5 119 The whole family's a-savin' hay and punkins to-day.

1984 R. Wilder You All spoken Here 131 When a barn of tobacco is saved, it has been harvested and cured without having been destroyed by barn burning, hail, [etc.].

d. transitive. Gold-mining. To extract or collect (gold) from quartz, alluvial deposits, etc.

ΚΠ

1853 Sci. Amer. 28 May 295/2 With this machine two men can perform as much work per day as ten by any other process, and save all the gold.

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 69 The gold is easily saved, being clean, angular, and not very small; hence the proportion saved by the mill-process is notably greater than in any other locality in California.

1912 J. Gaston Centennial Hist. Oregon I. 500 The cyanide process of saving fine gold in quartz mill treatment was invented, discovered and proved at Glasgow, Scotland, in 1888.

1944 M. J. O'Reilly Bowyangs & Boomerangs 9 We were compelled to adopt new methods to save the gold, so dry panning, the shaker, and the blower were used.

1999 J. S. Holliday Rush to Riches v. 161 Quartz miners experimented with new techniques to save more gold from their mortars.

20.

a. transitive. To be careful or economical in the use of; to conserve by using or consuming sparingly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use sparingly

save1594

1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. F A womans eies are like a paire of pattens fit to saue shooleather in sommer, and to keepe away the cold in winter.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. vii. 160 His youthfull hose well sau'd, a world too wide, For his shrunke shanke.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 71 For I eat sparingly; and sav'd my Provisions (my Bread especially) as much as possibly I could.

1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 25 To avoid burning Day-light, and to save your Master's Candles.

1807 R. Wilson Jrnl. 15 May in Life Gen. Sir R. Wilson (1862) II. vii. 214 Others came on slowly to save their horses and their native leather.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. iii. 90 Every thing—including the carpet and curtains—looked at once well worn and well saved.

1918 School & Home Educ. Feb. 146/2 I can save my shoes by not skating on the soles of them.

1963 Life 12 Apr. (verso title page) He always did his own repairs and even jacked it up at night to save the tires.

2004 G. Jen Love Wife vi. 125 Even in the dead of night, the drivers drove without lights then, to save the bulbs.

b. transitive. To use (a part of the body) carefully or sparingly so as to avoid or reduce fatigue or injury, etc.; to reduce the strain on (a person, animal, or body part); (reflexive) to exert oneself less, to expend less effort.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (reflexive)] > avoid exertion

save1785

keep1868

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use carefully or gently

favour1526

save1847

1785 G. A. Bellamy Apol. Life III. lxiv. 82 To make use of the theatrical phrase, I never saved myself, but often suffered my feelings to possess me so entirely, as that they deprived me of the power of voice.

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. iv. 81 My eyes are getting weak, and I wish to save them as much as possible.

1856 G. J. Whyte-Melville Kate Coventry v. 52 White-Stockings, whom I had ridden down [to the races], to save Brilliant.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Lifted Veil ii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 46/1 Supposing that he wished merely to save her nerves.

1907 B. H. B. Symons-Jeune Art of Punting 17 Beginners..in order to save themselves and ease the strain on their arms..shove crooked and turn the punt round.

1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! xvi. 143 To save the postie's legs I'd an arrangement with'm for my mail to be dropped off in Shug's Bum Boutique.

21. transitive (reflexive). To refrain from romantic or (in later use usually) sexual relationships until married, or until one is with a specific or appropriate partner. Frequently with for.

ΚΠ

1862 A. Manning Noble Purpose Nobly Won II. xi. 204 I told her I was saving myself for her, for that I had thought we were more than half engaged already.

1891 Austral. Jrnl. July 592/1 I suppose she does not think you nearly good enough for her. I told you she was saving herself for a duke.

1922 Outlook 5 Apr. 569/1 Girls.., save yourself for ‘Mr. Right’, and don't go to him frayed and ‘marked down’.

1960 G. F. Swarthout Where Boys Are iii. 45 In the end he said he was saving himself for marriage, and broke it up by leaving.

1988 S. J. Katz & A. Liu False Love & Other Romantic Illusions i. 27 It wasn't so much that she was saving herself; she just didn't feel like exposing so much of herself to men she knew were transient in her life.

2011 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 18 June r7 That whole idea of saving yourself for marriage, girls see it as old-school and overrated.

III. To avoid or prevent (something undesirable).

22.

a. transitive. To avoid or enable someone to avoid (a burden, trouble, or inconvenience). Also: to obviate the need for (something costly or burdensome).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > obviate

void1509

savea1522

obviate1567

avoid1608

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) v. vi. 112 It moste be to me leful rewth to haue Of my frendis myschance, hys lak to save, Quhilk in hys awyn defalt tynt not the gre.

1615 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 75 And about midnight [he] departed towards Crates; which saved the geveing a present of 2 damaskt fowling peeces, yf he had staid till morninge.

1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iv. xvii. 259 How might'st thou by this effugium have sav'd all thy misfortunes?

1699 J. Dryden Epist. to J. Driden 11 Without their cost you terminate the cause And save the expense of long litigious laws.

1758 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 367/2 I have applied the sines and co-sines..to the logarithms of absolute numbers, which saves the trouble of equating.

1790 W. Scott Let. 6 Aug. (1932) I. 13 My letters lie there for me, as it saves their being sent down to Rosebank.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 33 The best way's to let the blood barken upon the cut—that saves plaisters.

1886 Manch. Examiner 13 Mar. 5/2 The only use of paper money is in saving the wear and tear of gold.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 77 A tendency to take quick steps, as if running forward to save a fall.

1920 A. W. Brown & A. Bott Flying Atlantic in Sixteen Hours vii. 77 I reached out a hand and arm just in time to save a nasty bump when the shock threw me forward.

1962 Pop. Mech. July 125/1 Poolside cabanas save traipsing inside the house with wet suits.

2007 Journal (Newcastle) (Nexis) 21 July 46 All models do include..Citroen's innovative automatic fuel cap, a thoughtful move which saves messing about on forecourts.

b. transitive. With the person relieved as indirect object.

ΚΠ

1606 G. W. tr. Epit. Liues Emperors in tr. Justinus Hist. sig. Hh3^v By meanes whereof, a little tract of time would saue him a great deal of wrath.

1676 W. Temple Let. 31 Jan. in Wks. (1740) II. 366 He assured me of having given You a very full Account, and thereby saved You a Trouble from me upon that Occasion.

1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 3 If things be set of with an Air,..the Kind Reader usually saves himself the pains of Examining.

1780 Mirror No. 95 Take my advice, my dear Bell, and save yourself the trouble.

1830 United Service Jrnl. Aug. 156 An event which might well have saved me the necessity of returning to the ship again.

1876 Hallberger's Illustr. Mag. 2 835/2 The doctor's advice has saved me a great deal of suffering and expense.

1928 Daily Express 19 Mar. 12/2 The German officers were counted or ‘roll-called’ in their rooms to save them the trouble of having to assemble or fall in with the other prisoners.

1973 Hi-Fi Answers Dec. 59/2 This saves the operator the inconvenience of changing over the spools.

2008 S. Woods Colombia 250/2 A member of staff will meet you off the boat to save you lugging your gear 2 blocks uphill.

†23. transitive. Scottish. To provide protection from. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]

shieldc825

frithc893

werea900

i-schield971

berghOE

biwerec1000

grithc1000

witec1000

keepc1175

burghena1225

ward?c1225

hilla1240

warrantc1275

witiec1275

forhilla1300

umshadea1300

defendc1325

fendc1330

to hold in or to warrantc1330

bielda1350

warisha1375

succoura1387

defencea1398

shrouda1400

umbeshadow14..

shelvec1425

targec1430

protect?1435

obumber?1440

thorn1483

warrantise1490

charea1500

safeguard1501

heild?a1513

shend1530

warrant1530

shadow1548

fence1577

safekeep1588

bucklera1593

counterguard1594

save1595

tara1612

target1611

screenc1613

pre-arm1615

custodite1657

shelter1667

to guard against1725

cushion1836

enshield1855

mind1924

buffer1958

1595 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 582 in Dict. Older. Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Thre daillis to saiff the weit abowe the sclaittis that na weit cum within the scoole.

?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. Pref. 348 The plesant plane-trie will the leavs unfauld With fairest schaddow to save the sone in symmer.

†24. transitive. To dispel or overcome (a doubt). Cf. salve v.² 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > an argument, statement, etc.

assoilc1370

disprovec1380

soilc1380

conclude1388

unprovea1425

denyc1425

oppugn?1435

deprevea1450

refelc1450

disapprove1481

impreve1488

confute1529

deprove1530

convince?1531

refute1533

save1591

convict1593

elide1593

redargue1613

to wrestle off1639

1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 194 Right well, deere Gossip, ye advized have, (Said then the Foxe) but I this doubt will save.

25. Sport.

a. transitive. To prevent the opposing side from scoring (a run, goal, etc.); (of a goalkeeper) to stop (a shot, etc.) from going into the goal (cf. sense 25b). Also (Cricket): (of a fielder) to prevent a specified number of runs being scored from a hit.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > score > prevent opposition from scoring

save?1801

zilch1957

?1801 T. Boxall Rules & Instr. Cricket 59 The Man that stands to the Leg. He stands the on side, little behind the straight line of the popping crease; if he stands to save the runs he will stand fifteen yards or more from the stumps, if he can save the run.

1816 W. Lambert Instr. & Rules Cricket 42 Long Stop. This man should stand at a proper distance behind the Wicket, to save a run, if the Ball should not be stopped by the Striker or Wicket-keeper.

1850 ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (rev. ed.) 44 Long Leg must also be occupied by a good thrower. He usually stands to save four runs.

1878 Carthusian Apr. 418/2 Growse..got a shot at goal, which the goal-keeper saved splendidly.

1905 Oxf. Mag. 25 Oct. 24/2 He could not have saved the two goals which were scored.

1929 Boys' Life Aug. 58/3 He saved two goals by rushing Bret back when the rest of the Colts were outridden.

1959 Times 3 Jan. 3/6 Miss Webb calmly saved the point with a stop volley.

1978 Times 3 Apr. 8/4 A prolonged seige [sic] that saw..Bonetti spring to save Woodcock's header.

2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 6 Dec. (Sport section) 7 Trott pulled off a diving stop on the boundary..which saved two runs.

b. intransitive. Association Football, Hockey, etc. Of a goalkeeper: to parry, collect, or otherwise stop a shot so as to prevent a goal being scored.

ΚΠ

1889 Field 5 Jan. 29/3 For the losers, Jackson in goal saved well on several occasions.

1893 Caian Lent Term 202 A good goal-keeper, saves splendidly at times, and clears well.

1926 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 18 Nov. 7/1 Young..had a shot at goal but the goal-keeper saved.

1940 Amer. Boy Feb. 26/2 He leaned forward, breathless, and then Hassett shot. The Kings goalie saved by inches.

2006 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 23 Jan. (Sport section) 8 Nigel Martyn saved quite superbly from Freddie Ljungberg.

Phrases

P1. to save a person's life. [Compare Old French, Middle French sauver la vie (c1165).]

a. To prevent a person from dying.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (transitive)] > slake thirst

to save a person's lifec1325

rehetea1400

slocken1718

to save a person's life1901

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)] > give timely assistance

to save a person's lifec1325

to save a person's life1901

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 9231 So þat to saui is lif þe castel vp hii ȝolde.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 997 (MED) To saue his liue..i graunt him..mi loue for euer.

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 100 Ȝef the wommon thenne dye, Teche the mydwyf..for to saue the chyldes lyf.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 271 His fostyr-modyr..Did mylk to warme, his liff giff scho mycht saiff.

1557 R. Edgeworth Serm. very Fruitfull xiii. f. cccxxiii In whiche shippe a fewe, that is to saie. viii. liues were saued bi the water, lifting vp the shippe a flote from the daunger of drowning.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 115 The ciuick coronets..presented vnto such as had rescued a Romane citizen, and saued his life.

1664 J. Dryden Rival Ladies iv. iii. 48 The pretty Boys that serve Gonsalvo, Fighting! I come in time to save the Life of one.

1754 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery II. xxvii. 448 I..sat down with a resolution to deliver, either with the forceps or crotchet, in order to save the woman's life.

1776 P. P. Burdett Chart Mersey (ed. 2) in N. Leach Origins Life-boat Service (1992) iv. 22 On the Strand about a Mile below Formby Lower Land Mark there is a Boat House, and a boat kept ready to save lives.

1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 458 A great many lives were saved by the salutary practice of inoculation.

1855 J. Doran Queens of Eng. I. viii. 377 The Duke of Newcastle congratulatingly hugged Hulse, on his having saved the Queen's life.

1913 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 21 June 1350/2 It was hopeless to expect to save the life of the patient by any other method of treatment.

1964 Skin Diver Oct. 19 An American skin diver..had a difficult time convincing the skipper that his ‘wet’ suit would save a man's life if he fell into the freezing water.

2000 G. Lucas Star Wars Episode I: Phantom Menace 20 I have saved Jar Jar Binks' life.

b. to save one's life: used in the infinitive to qualify a negative (or occasionally conditional) statement, expressing a lack of ability or willingness to do something. Also (occasionally) to save one's soul.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (intransitive)] > preserve oneself from injury or harm

to save one's (own) skin1642

to save one's bacon1654

to save one's soul1688

1688 T. Brown Reasons Mr. Bays 5 You could not say one malicious word more to save your life.

1787 ‘P. Pindar’ Lyric Odes to Royal Academicians (ed. 5) vii. 19 An Actor, living at this time, That now I pen my verse sublime, Could not, to save his soul, find out his fort.

1825 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) V. 460 To save my life I could not determine whether it was Mon or Moun or gu or gue.

1848 A. Trollope Kellys & O'Kellys III. v. 106 I shan't remain long. If it was to save my life and theirs, I can't get up small talk for the rector and his curate.

1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House III. xxvii. 88 ‘Does she go to their church?’ ‘Oh no, she wouldn't to save her life—she thinks it quite shocking.’

1920 E. O'Neill Beyond Horizon iii. i. 128 I couldn't get to sleep to save my soul.

1941 J. Cary Herself Surprised xxxiv. 82 It took even Bill six months to get her into a motor, when motors came in, and she wouldn't telephone now to save her life.

2010 P. Murray Skippy Dies 545 God knows he can't kick a rugby ball to save his life!

c. colloquial. In hyperbolic use. To give timely or important assistance, esp. by providing a refreshing or stimulating drink.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (transitive)] > slake thirst

to save a person's lifec1325

rehetea1400

slocken1718

to save a person's life1901

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)] > give timely assistance

to save a person's lifec1325

to save a person's life1901

1901 K. Snowden Barbara West xxii. 188 He affectionately watched a glass of beer poured out for Darbyshire—who..said fervently to Mrs Templeton, ‘Thanks; you've saved my life.’

1914 R. Hughes What will People Say? xxii. 137 Have you a box of matches you can give me? Thanks! You've saved my life.

1950 ‘J. Tey’ To love & be Wise xii. 153 Saved my life, you have! I missed the bus.

1977 D. Bagley Enemy xxviii. 218 ‘A sherry,’ she said. ‘A sherry, to save my life.’

2003 Sun (Nexis) 18 Apr. To his huge relief they found the cash... Grateful Mr Williams told them: ‘Thanks lads—you've saved my life.’

P2.

a. Used in expressions (esp. ones invoking God) of loyalty to or approbation of a monarch or other ruler, as God save the Queen (also King)!: may God protect and preserve the queen (or king).The song God Save the Queen (or King) is customarily used as the national anthem of the United Kingdom (and is also used in several other Commonwealth realms as a royal or alternative national anthem). Quot. 1744 is taken from the earliest published version to resemble closely the modern anthem.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > applaud [verb (transitive)] > expression of loyalty to monarch

God save the Queen (also King)!c1300

c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 755 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 128 ‘Sire king,’ he seide, ‘god þe loke and saui þi dignite!’

c1367 in F. C. Haydon Eulogium Historiarum sive Temporis (1863) III. 87 (MED) Godde saue the kyng [c1350 Giraldus Cambrensis De Principis Instructione Liber God houlde dhe, cuning].

c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 811 Þus Dindimus þe dere king enditeþ his sonde And God bysecheþ to save þe soveraine prinse.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Sam. xvi. 16 He sayde vnto Absalom: God saue the kynge.

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Mj^v Aue rex, or god saue your royall maiestie.

1558 Procl. in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. ii. App. i. 389 God save the quene.

a1627 J. Beaumont Bosworth-field (1629) 9 Some with loud shouting, make the valleyes ring, But most with murmur sigh: God saue the King.

1685 Coronation Order of Jas. II in L. G. Wickham Legge Eng. Coronation Rec. (1901) 293 The Recognition... The People signify their Willingness, and Joy, by loud and repeated Acclamations; crying out, God save King James.

1744 Thesaurus Musicus I. 22 God save our Lord the King... Send him Victorious, happy and Glorious, Long to reign over us.

1777 J. Odell Birth Day Song in London Mag. Nov. 579/1 Though faction by falsehood awhile may prevail, And loyalty suffers a captive in jail, Britain is rouz'd, rebellion is falling: God save the King!

1807 Mr. Redhead Yorke's Weekly Polit. Rev. 4 Apr. 259 Though the writer insidiously pretends to cry ‘God save the king’, it is evident that..his real meaning is ‘God save Buonaparte’.

1838 ‘L. Redivivus’ Paradise Lost 8 No longer was he heard to sing, Like loyal subs, ‘God Save the King!’

1894 ‘M. O'Rell’ John Bull & Co. xxxviii. 318 If..any singer took it into his head to sing ‘God save the President of the Boer Republic’, I guarantee that there would be no objection raised to it.

1910 R. Sabatini Mistress Wilding xiii. 172 One group sent up a shout of ‘God save the Protestant Duke!’ as they rode past him.

1953 Times 3 June 38/4 All the people in the church shouted in acclamation:—‘God save Queen Elizabeth. Long live Queen Elizabeth. May the Queen live for ever.’

2008 Bournemouth Echo (Nexis) 14 Dec. The Militia's display and final rousing shouts of God Save the Queen was a good end to a ‘fantastic’ day.

b. Used in expressions of greeting, affection, blessing, etc., as God save you! [compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French Dieus vous sault! (late 12th cent.), Middle French Dieu te sault! (15th cent.)] . Now chiefly archaic or Irish English. Also with omission of the subject, esp. (formerly) in greetings.(God) save the mark: see mark n.¹ 11.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > [phrase] > for the sake of > wish for the benefit of (someone)

God yield (you, etc.)c1430

God save you!1530

(God) bless you!1598

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > courteous formulae [phrase] > terms of greeting

God give you good dayc1275

hail be thou (also ye)c1275

pax vobisc1275

how do ye?1570

(good, fair) time of day (to you)1597

how goes it?1598

I salute youa1616

savea1616

how do you find yourself?a1646

how-do-you-do1697

how do?1886

how are you popping (up)?1894

how's (less frequently how are) tricks?1915

how's (or how are) things (or, originally Australia and New Zealand, tricks?)1926

how's life?1931

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 7034 Wele yfounden, child Wawayn, Crist saue þi miȝt & þi mayn.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8094 Sir, sauued be þou nov and ai.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2244 God saue al this faire compaignye Amen.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 698/1 God save you, whiche sayeng we use whan we come firste to ones presence.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. i. 70 Sir Protheus: 'saue you: saw you my Master?

a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) iv. iv. 118 You were tickl'd when the beggars cry'd Heaven save your honour.

1706 G. Farquhar Recruiting Officer iii. ii. 37 Save ye, save ye, Gentlemen.

1775 W. Hilton Poet. Wks. I. 75 Lord save you, Sir, we're wond'rous dry.

1844 tr. J. G. Kohl Trav. Ireland 156 When one creeps into an Irish hut, the usual salutation is ‘God save you all!’ and the answer is, ‘God save you kindly!’

1920 Outlook 7 July 462 God save ye, gentles,—come buy my wares here!

1987 Woman's Own 19 Dec. 69/3 ‘A merry Christmas, Uncle!’ he said cheerfully. ‘God save you!’

2005 G. M. Flynn Currach Race & Other Stories v. 35 He..vaulted over lightly into the meadow. ‘God save ye.’ ‘God save you kindly, and who might you be?’

c. Used in phrases affirming the truth of a statement, as as I hope to be saved, †so God (also Christ) save me, etc. [compare Anglo-Norman and Old French se Dieus me saut (12th cent.)] . Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > (originally) referring to one's soul or salvation

so God (also Christ) save mea1393

upon (also on) my perilc1395

by the way of my soul1397

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. l. 927 (MED) This, so god me save, Is al the hate that I have Toward these janglers.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 1361 Ye shul paye fourty pound, so god me saue.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 675 Yhe sall it haiff, als God me saiff in saille.

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 120 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 98 So me crist saif.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxix. sig. Bii^v As I be saued ye be ful gentil and noble.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 2381 Sa God me saif, The ressoun quhy fane wald I haif.

1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. D^v Ha, ha, ha, by their Maiden-heads: Cittizens, by their faith, and Brokers as they hope to be saued: by my Virginitie I sweare.

1619 Rec. Perth Kirk Session 7 June in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Sav Marge Gelletlie..purgit hir be hir great aith Lat neuer hir saull be saifit if euer scho knew him.

1680 T. D'Urfey Virtuous Wife i. 8 I am grown old o'th' sudden, as 'twere, I know not how, all my good parts lost, quite lost as god save me. I am a Cipher now—good for nothing.

1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 23 Dec. (1948) I. 136 Remember your poor Presto, that wants you sadly, as hope saved.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xi. 243 As I hope to be saved, I will never mention a Word of it.

1831 W. Scott Count Robert xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 187 This remnant of old heathen philosophy, who hardly believes, so God save me, the truth of the Christian creed.

1869 Bow Bells Weekly 2 June 447/3 As I hope to be saved in another world, I would swear that the rope has been cut by some wicked wretch.

1911 G. B. Shaw Shewing-up Blanco Posnet in Doctor's Dilemma 396 As I hope to be saved, Sheriff—or rather as I hope to be damned;..I know no more of that horse's whereabouts than you do yourself.

1998 P. Trower Danger to State xxvii. 136 Father, I swear—as I hope to be saved—that every word I've told you is true.

d. In expressions of invocation (usually implicitly or explicitly of God), requesting protection from temptation, sin, etc., or (with humorous or sarcastic intent) from something unpleasant or tiresome, as (Lord) save me (also us) from ——.

ΚΠ

1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 188 Save me from vaine pleasures, the great Witches of the world.

1738 A. Pope Universal Prayer ix. 6 Save me alike from foolish Pride, Or impious Discontent.

1785 W. Cowper Task i. 499 But save me from the gaiety of those Whose head-aches nail them to a noon-day bed.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. vii. 191 Well-a-day—God save us from all such misproud princoxes!

1863 W. Phillips Speeches i. 8 Shades of Hugh Peters and John Cotton, save us from such pulpits!

1899 S. H. Burchell Duke's Servants i. x. 189 There comes my wife! Lord save me from her!

1921 D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia v. 164 Save us from proletarian homogeneity and khaki all-alikeness.

1958 L. Ginsberg Let. 10 Mar. in A. Ginsberg & L. Ginsberg Family Business (2001) 100 Save me from that mixed up, confused view of the Beat Generation which maintains it has a blueprint on all Truth.

2001 Loaded Fashion Spring 116 Lottery winners, footballers, pop singers and, Lord save us, television ‘personalities’ are suddenly wealthy enough to buy an entrance ticket to the playground of the rich.

P3. Used in expressions concerning a person's life, safety, well-being, etc., in which the body, or a part of the body, stands for a person's life.See also to save one's skin at skin n. Phrases 1c, to save one's neck at neck n.¹ Phrases 2a.to save one's bacon: see bacon n. 5a. [Compare Middle French, French sauver sa tête, lit. ‘to save one's head’ (1580), French sauver sa peau, lit. ‘to save one's skin’ (1729), etc.]

ΚΠ

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 3807 (MED) He lete his pray and fleiȝ on hors, Forto saue his owen cors.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxvii. 230 He besought our lorde god to saue his body fro mysfortune.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. v. 67 To day, how many would haue giuen their Honours To haue sau'd their Carkasses?

1744 London Mag. Apr. 200/1 Who singly all our foes withstood, Explor'd the mazes of the wood, To save his own, and others blood?

1830 W. Scott Doom of Devorgoil ii. i. 86 I think I will be generous, And give his brains a chance to save his bones.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 544 To have done all in his power to save both the head of Stafford and the head of Russell.

1976 New York 15 Nov. 60/2 Nobody asked you to save my ass, you took it on yourself. I want to save my own ass.

1999 R. N. Proctor Nazi War on Cancer (2000) vii. 263 The paper trail is ambiguous on this point, which may have saved his hide at Nuremburg.

P4. to save appearances: see appearance n. 12b.

†P5. to save a person's longing: to prevent a person (usually a woman) yearning for something by providing what is desired. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > anticipate, forecast [verb (transitive)] > anticipate and prevent

to save a person's longing1605

1605 True Chron. Hist. King Leir i. ii. sig. A3^v Ra. For Gods sake tell vs what it is, my Lord, I am with child vntill you vtter it. Skal. Madam, to saue your longing, this it is [etc.].

1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iii. vi. 48 in Wks. II Looke Win. doe, looke a Gods name, and saue your longing.

1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. sig. E6^v Come hither Sirrah, I know what you would have, I'le save your longing.

1737 Mem. Soc. Grub-St. I. 297 A particular regard ought to be payed to a fair Lady, especially in the condition here mentioned, and something done effectually to save her longing.

P6. to save one's breath (also wind): to refrain from talking so as not to argue fruitlessly or waste one's energy, esp. on a lost cause; to be quiet. Frequently in imperative. Cf. to save one's breath to cool one's porridge at porridge n. Phrases 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking

to make up one's mouthc1175

to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175

blina1300

dumba1300

leavea1375

to put a sock in ita1529

hush1548

silence1551

stay1551

stow1567

stop1579

to save one's breath (also wind)1605

tace1697

stubble it!1699

shut your trap!1796

to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808

stubble your whids!1830

to shut up1840

to dry up1853

pawl1867

subside1872

to pipe down1876

to shut (one's) head, face1876

shurrup1893

to shut off1896

clam1916

dry1934

shtum1958

to oyster up1973

1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe v. sig. I4 Saue your Breath, saue your Breath; All things haue succeeded to your wishes.

1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. iv. 86 As if he had said, Talk no more of it; save your breath; I am resolved of my course.

1734 J. Clarke Diss. upon Usefulness of Transl. Classick Authors 5 He in regard to his own Ease, and to save his Breath, is apt to make very short Work of it.

1753 J. White Protestant Englishman 151 The Priests might save their Breath, and spare their Sufflations, Boxings, Crossings, and other Ceremonies, to get them [sc. evil spirits] out.

1828 Night Watch II. 5 Save your wind for work.

1863 M. J. Holmes Marian Grey vi. 67 If Bruno's howlin' for me, he may as well save his breath.

1926 F. W. Crofts Inspector French & Cheyne Myst. xi. 146 If your story's going to be more lies about St John Price and the Hull succession you may save your breath.

1952 E. Caldwell Lamp for Nightfall x. 101 You'd better be saving your wind for road work, and for doing chores.

1996 Mail on Sunday 28 Apr. (You Mag.) 5/4 A colleague, friend or loved one is not about to be browbeaten into sharing your beliefs, so you might just as well save your breath.

P7. a penny saved is a penny gained: see penny n. Phrases 3b.

P8. to save the day: (originally Military) to avert defeat in battle, esp. through individual actions (cf. day n. 13); (also in extended use) to avert failure or disaster; cf. to save the situation at Phrases 13.

ΚΠ

1663 J. Heath Brief Chron. Civil-wars sig. Aaa4^v He did not only maintain the Fight till..the..gallantry of the..Redcoats, made the Spaniard..mend his retreating pace, but sustained the impression upon the flight and at least saved the day.

1772 Town & Country Mag. Suppl. 715/1 Nor could Montcalm's try'd valour save the day.

1834 Sporting Mag. Aug. 322/2 The lucky start King had here saved the day.

1891 W. J. Abbot Battle-fields & Victory ii. 35 Though General Taylor did his utmost to save the day, the sun went down leaving the Union army victorious.

1938 Amer. Home Oct. 78/2 When the kitchen faucet..begins to throw an aggravating spray every time the water is turned on, a coat of paraffine over the leak will save the day until the plumber can fix it.

1956 W. McElwee England's Precedence viii. 164 At this critical moment it was the individual gallantry of Sir Thomas Fairfax which probably saved the day.

1989 R. Whiting You gotta have Wa (1990) vi. 138 Diplomatic revisions by interpreters have saved the day on many an occasion.

2007 Independent 31 Jan. (Extra section) 8 (heading) Where governments have failed to tackle global warming, science could yet save the day.

P9. to save one's pocket: to avoid spending one's money; to scrimp, economize.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > avoid spending money

savec1390

to save one's pocket1700

hain1862

1700 G. Farquhar Constant Couple sig. A4 To Coffee some retreat to save their Pockets, Others more generous damn the Play at Lockets.

1759 W. Calcott Thoughts Moral & Divine (ed. 3) 118 He that deserts a man to save his pocket, will never hazard life and reputation in his service.

1877 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXIII. 357 Getting rid of a case by saving your own pocket and passing the applicant on to another.

1883 Law Times Rep. 49 9/1 The tenant for life may have indirectly benefited himself or saved his own pocket.

1954 T. C. Barker & J. R. Harris Merseyside Town in Industr. Revol. 303 It was alleged that..the owners of land in Greenbank wanted to see the roads paved at public expense to save their own pockets.

1994 M. Harrison Public Health in Brit. India 172 Municipal commissioners were often reluctant to fund sanitary improvements, sometimes on religious or cultural grounds, but more commonly to save their own pockets and those of their electors.

P10. to save one's distance (also †time): to manage to arrive at a given point or by a given time, esp. after being delayed. Now rare.In quot. 1735: figurative to do enough to fulfil minimum requirements.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > be or become equal [verb (intransitive)] > compensate > make up time or distance

to make, fetch up, make up leeway1669

to save one's distance (also time)1790

to make up (lost) ground1890

1735 London Mag. Jan. 26/1 He came to Chapel just often enough to save his Distance; and in Compliance with the Statutes of the College received the Sacrament as often as required.

1790 R. Cumberland Observer (1791) V. cxlii. 184 Whether Nicolas saved his distance..we shall not just now enquire.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. vi. 112 Riding out to dinner, many miles off, on a beast that will not quit his walk, while you know that nothing short of a full gallop will save your time.

1840 Southern Literary Messenger Mar. 148/1 Launce shall run the first heat under a pull, and just save his distance.

1906 Trotwood's Monthly June 520/2 Even then he made sufficient speed to save his distance.

P11. to save the world: to improve the condition or state of the world, esp. in some specific (in later use esp. environmental) aspect; (sometimes) spec. to seek to do this with well-meaning but unrealistic aims or motives.

ΚΠ

1829 F. Wright Courses of Pop. Lect. 139 Think not that canals and railroads are to advance the nation, nor that steamboats and spinning-jennies are to save the world.

1879 G. MacDonald Paul Faber III. i. 14 The man who dabbles at saving the world by science, education, hygeian and other economics.

1937 J. G. Fletcher Life is my Song xxvi. 358 Those who, for some reason or other, wished to canalize their neuroticism into the easy and obvious direction of ‘saving the world’.

1982 Guardian 8 May 18/5 The World Conservation Strategy.., in effect an SOS to save the world.

1994 C. McCann in D. Bolger Picador Bk. Contemp. Irish Fiction 535 Truth be told, most staff at the State School don't much like the social-work students. They come in, on their work placement, thinking they can save the world.

2012 Observer 4 Mar. 32 (heading) Liquid metal batteries may save the world.

P12. well saved: used to express approbation when a person has rescued a situation, esp. when a rider has avoided a fall, or (in various sports) when a player prevents a goal, the loss of a wicket, etc.

ΚΠ

1832 New Sporting Mag. Mar. 337/2 The nag was, however, as quickly picked up by the Prince as a horse could be; when Parson Butler,..roaring out as he passed them, ‘Well saved, by George, your Royal Highness!’

1853 G. J. Whyte-Melville Digby Grand I. i. 10 As he fell upon his head into the road, and recovered himself without unhorsing me,..‘Well saved, my lad, and devilish well ridden too,’ said the jolly General.

1905 D. Summers Renunciation i. 5 ‘Well saved!’ yelled Cyril. There was a shower of clapping. Dare had spun round and just got his bat down in time to save his wicket.

1965 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 8 Nov. 16/1 (caption) Well saved: Robert Mann, Jamaica College's Manning Cup football goalkeeper comes out from his goal to collect a shot.

2006 G. Dent LBD Live & Fabulous! viii. 247 ‘Now, who says we forget all about that and have a little song?’.. ‘Well saved, Ronnie!’

P13. to save the situation: to avert failure or disaster.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > afford deliverance [verb (intransitive)] > by action or intervention

to come (also go, etc.) to the (also a person's) rescuec1475

to save the situation1859

1859 N.Y. Times 25 July 1/4 That it is an imprescriptible duty to put in force all means that may save the situation and society.

1907 W. Raleigh Shakespeare v. 135 If Cordelia had been perfectly tender and tactful, there would have been no play. The situation would have been saved.

1955 Times 8 Aug. 3/3 The Navy had saved the situation, and Dunkirk had become ‘D’ Day.

2010 West Australian (Perth) (Nexis) 25 Sept. 24 It is not too late to save the situation but..there is a real risk of the event turning into a national embarrassment.

†P14. Whaling. to save clean: to collect (all the blubber) from a whale. Also with whale as object. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1877 W. H. Macy There she Blows! vii. 74 ‘That whale will stow down a hund'ed barrels, if we save him clean.’ ‘Save him clean? Save him fast enough.’

1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) To save clean, to save all (the blubber) in cutting in: a whaling-term.

P15. to save face: see face n. Phrases 8h(b).

P16. to be saved by the bell: (Boxing) to be saved from being counted out by the ringing of the bell at the end of a round; (figurative) to be rescued from a difficult situation by a timely intervention.

ΚΠ

1909 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 16 Feb. 3/2 Rob Wilson..was saved by the bell from a knockout in the tenth and last round of his bout with Young Corbett.

1959 A. Sillitoe Loneliness of Long-distance Runner 31 ‘Ain't it next door to a pub, then?’ I wanted to know. He answered me sharp: ‘No, it bloody well aint.’.. ‘Then I don't know it,’ I told him, saved by the bell.

1971 L. Koppett N.Y. Times Guide Spectator Sports v. 116 If a man is knocked down in the closing seconds of a round, so that the bell rings ending the round before the count of 10 has been reached, he can be ‘saved by the bell’.

1976 G. Sims End of Web i. 13 Had he been saved by the bell... Was there still a chance of some lovers' games?

2007 J. Buchanan If Better is Possible xxix. 177 The student teacher was saved by the bell and the class moved on.

P17. colloquial (originally and chiefly North American). save it: (in imperative as an expression of contemptuous dismissal) ‘be quiet’, ‘shut up’.

ΚΠ

1935 G. Lorimer & S. Lorimer Heart Specialist iii. 80 ‘Save it,’ she said. ‘This isn't dear old St. Luke's.’

1970 G. Scott-Heron Vulture v. 218 ‘Save it,’ she said, cutting me off. ‘Sit here. All this yakkin' will blow everybody's high.’

1987 Toronto Star (Nexis) 7 Feb. g3 Save it, pal. Talk to my agent.

2011 C. Digiuseppi & M. Force Light Bringer xii. 82 Alan cut him off again. ‘Yeah, yeah. Save it, you already said that.’

P18.

save as you earn n. originally and chiefly British a system of saving by regular deduction from earnings at source (abbreviated S.A.Y.E.); frequently attributive; cf. pay-as-you-earn n. and adj. at pay v.¹ Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1957 Financial Times 2 Sept. 4/5 The ‘Save As You Earn’ Campaign which the National Savings Movement is organising throughout the country.

1968 Times 8 Oct. 31/1 The ideas on save-as-you-earn put forward in the Conservative plan.

1976 Staff Papers (International Monetary Fund) 23 466 The Committee to Review National Savings concluded that the save-as-you-earn scheme had not been a success.

1991 Observer (Nexis) 7 July 32 The maximum monthly limit to Save As You Earn share option schemes is also to be raised from £150 to £250.

2009 A. Vice Straightforward Guide Savings & Investm. ii. 29 You can buy shares at a discount and even if the stock market price nose-dives, your money is safe. This is Save As You Earn.

Phrasal verbs

to save up

1. intransitive. To keep and store up resources instead of spending or using them up; (chiefly) spec. to accumulate money by regularly setting aside a portion of one's income, frequently in order to make an otherwise unaffordable purchase in the future. Frequently with for. Cf. sense 17b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > be sparing or frugal [verb (intransitive)] > save

savea1450

scrape1552

to save up1715

1715 Select Rules of Genders of Nouns & Heteroclites i. 30 Comparco, comparsi, comparsum, arcere, to Save up.

1762 S. Foote tr. P. N. Destouches Spendthrift iii. viii, in S. Foote et al. Comic Theatre I. 195 If your nephew spends a little freely, why, you know, you are saving up for him.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xvii. 214 Now he's a saving up to treat himself afore he dies to one small purchase.

1884 W. L. Blackley Thrift 91 I set myself to save up for my own old age.

1920 T. S. Eliot Let. 6 Jan. (1988) I. 352 I thank you very very much for my generous present. I shall save up for a suit in the spring.

1964 P. White Let. 14 Dec. (1994) ix. 275 I am trying to save up.

2010 B. Agbaje Off Endz vii. 45 You went out and got yourself a part-time job and saved up for those trainers.

2. transitive. To keep and store up instead of spending or using; (chiefly) spec. to accumulate (money) by regularly setting aside a portion of one's income. Frequently with for. Cf. sense 17a.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > put money aside

savec1390

to save up1721

sock1942

the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > use sparingly or frugally [verb (transitive)] > save

savec1390

to save up1796

the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve > by dint of economy

spelec1175

savec1390

hain?1507

to save up1796

1721 J. Trenchard & T. Gordon in London Jrnl. 2 Dec. 4/1 She..fancy'd ihe [sic] cou'd save up a Fortune to him in a few Years.

1754 Mag. of Mag. Dec. 619/2 They are at infinite pains to save up the rain water and the meltings of the snows.

1796 P. Colquhoun Treat. Police of Metropolis vii. 178 By saving up a single five shillings, and not laying any part of it out in gin, but keeping the whole, she would save £7. 10s. a year.

1850 F. E. Smedley Frank Fairlegh iv. 29 A parting gift from my little sister Fanny, who..had saved up her pocket-money during many previous months, in order to provide funds for this munificent present.

1884 W. L. Blackley Thrift 20 To try the system of saving up a little week by week.

1919 J. Thurber Let. 11 June (2002) 32 I thought..I would have enough money saved up to flit a quick flit about Europe.

1947 Boys' Life Jan. 50 Some of them just can't wait for the next issue, while others save up the installments so they can read the complete story.

2002 Bliss June 40/3 I saved up £1,000 in five months while all my mates were busting their asses for a pittance.

Compounds

C1. With nouns and pronouns, forming nouns and adjectives, as save-penny, save-soul, save-stake, etc. See also save-all n., save-face n.

ΚΠ

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 178 Such A Spirit were of A Save stake, if not promoting Prudence, as they call it.

1709 E. Ward Secret Hist. Clubs x. 86 The Profitable Buying in of Six-Shilling Beer, Stale-Bread, and Wheel-barrow Cheese, were the chief Toppicks of their Save-penny Discourses.

1799 E. Dubois Piece Family Biogr. III. 129 Martha was gone on a save-soul pilgrimage to a neighbouring village.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Savelick, an excrescence from the brier, placed by boys in their coat cuffs, as a charm, to prevent a flogging.

1889 Literary World 25 Oct. 330/2 Some of our readers may be glad to know that a ‘save-time’ envelope has been invented by Messrs. G. Beeching and Son.

1947 Billboard 25 Oct. 12/1 The first half..is devoted to the top news developments—the save-grain campaign, aid to France and so on.

2003 R. E. Stipe Richer Heritage xv. 488 In the public mind the movement begins to take on a ‘save everything’ mentality.

C2. Computing. Used attributively to denote a command or control of a computer, operating system, etc., concerned with saving data or programs, as in save button, save command, save function, save option, etc. Cf. save n.² 4.

ΚΠ

1962 C. B. Germain Programming IBM 1620 34 The save key is operative only in the manual mode.

1979 Intelligent Machines Jrnl. 19 Sept. 20/2 The ‘save’ command allows the user to move a portion of the edited file to another file for later use.

1990 Amiga Computing Dec. 168/1 (advt.) Infogrames' game includes a whole range of outstanding features including..save and restore options.

1996 P. Gregory Perfectly Correct (1997) 64 Louise pressed the ‘Save’ key on her word processor and shut the machine down.

2002 ‘S. Pax’ Weblog Diary 25 Dec. in Baghdad Blog (2003) 60 I keep forgetting the save button.

2011 Las Vegas Rev.-Jrnl. (Nevada) (Nexis) 16 Oct. j9 I..open the menu, open the ‘save’ function, click ‘save,’ [and] tell my Xbox 360 to overwrite previous save data.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

saveprep.conj.

Brit.

/seɪv/, U.S.

/seɪv/

Forms:

α. Middle English sauue, Middle English sauve, Middle English sawe, Middle English sawue, Middle English–1500s salve, Middle English–1600s saue, Middle English– save, late Middle English sawa (transmission error), 1600s seave (Scottish).

β. Middle English saaf, Middle English saauf, Middle English saf, Middle English sauff, Middle English sauffe, Middle English sawf, Middle English sayf, Middle English sowf, Middle English–1500s saffe, Middle English–1500s salf, Middle English–1500s sauf, Middle English–1500s saufe, Middle English–1600s safe, Middle English–1600s saff, late Middle English ef (transmission error), late Middle English sef, 1500s salfe, 1500s saulfe; Scottish pre-1700 safe, pre-1700 saif, pre-1700 saiff, pre-1700 salf, pre-1700 sauf, pre-1700 saufe, pre-1700 sauff, pre-1700 saulf, pre-1700 sawff.

γ. English regional (Shropshire and Herefordshire) 1800s– sa, 1800s– sa'.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French sauf, salve.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French sauf, Middle French saulf (feminine salve, sauve, save, etc.) (preposition) without impairing, without prejudicing, with due regard for (a person's life, honour, etc.) (2nd half of the 12th cent. inflected to agree with a following noun), excepting, excluding (1247 inflected to agree with a following noun; compare in the same sense sauf à (1285 as salf a ), sauf de (c1500): see discussion below), sauf que (conjunction) except that, with this exception (1280; compare sauf ce que (13th cent.; 12th cent. as sauf ço que ), sauve que (15th cent.), etc.), originally specific uses of sauf safe adj.; reinforced in English by association with safe adj. and save v. Compare later saving prep., saving conj., and also except prep.Anglo-Norman and Old French sauf (feminine salve , sauve ) was used in a number of expressions with early parallels in English: with use in polite formulae in sense A. 1 compare sauf sun ordre (1174–6), sauve votre grace (13th cent.; also c1210 in Anglo-Norman as save sa grace , 14th cent. as sauve la grace de ), Anglo-Norman and Middle French sauve votre reverence (mid 14th cent.: see reverence n.), salve s'onor (2nd half of the 13th cent.), sauf votre honeur (1538), mon honneur sauve (late 15th cent.). With these formulae compare classical Latin constructions with the ablative absolute, e.g. salvō iure ‘without violating one's oath’, salvā fide ‘without violating one's loyalty’. In the Middle French period, sauf did not always show agreement with the following noun in such contexts: compare use of sauf with a feminine noun in sauf votre reverence (mid 14th cent.), sauf vôtre grace (15th cent.), etc., and conversely that of sauve with a masculine noun in e.g. saulve tous drois (c1450). Likewise, in the sense ‘excepting, excluding’, agreement with the following noun was lost in the course of the Middle French period, the masculine form being used invariably in this context from about 1500. Compare also Old Occitan sal (c1280), sal de (c1300), Spanish salvo , all in sense ‘except’. The α. forms probably partly reflect Anglo-Norman and Old French sauve , salve (compare the French phrases listed above, many of which involve feminine nouns), and partly Middle English forms in -ve of safe adj. (compare forms at that entry), but the later dominance of spellings of this type is probably largely due to the identification of the word with the imperative of save v. (compare also saving prep., saving conj.). With the γ. forms compare sa' v. The use of a nominative after the preposition (see A. 2c) has been seen as a product of the originally adjectival character of the word, although the same phenomenon occurs with other prepositions of similar meaning, even those (such as saving prep. and excepting prep.) which have developed from present participles of transitive verbs.

A. prep.

1. Preserving, without prejudice or harm to, with due regard for. Frequently used with a respectful form of address to introduce or ameliorate a critical or potentially offensive remark, with the sense ‘with all due respect’, ‘if you will excuse my saying so’, ‘with apologies’. rare after 17th cent.In quot. c1500 (perhaps due to a confusion between this use and sense A. 2): with apologies for, at the risk or cost of.See also save your grace at grace n. Phrases 4d, save (a person's) reverence at reverence n. Phrases 2a.

ΚΠ

c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 488 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 120 Trewenesse we þe sworen ase riȝt was, and eorþelich honour al-so, Sauue ore ordre and ore riȝte–bote þat was out i-do.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1242 Þat he vor is neueu wolde, vorto abatie strif, Do hey amendement, sauue lume & lif.

c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 554 (MED) Sauue ȝoure grace, wene ich hit nowt Hit euere com in his þout.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 179 Save reverence of seynt Aldelyn, þis semeþ non holynesse..but pure verray folye.

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 480 But elles wol I fonde Myn honour sauf plesen hym fro day to day.

a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 132 (MED) My Lorde, saue ȝowr reuerens, it arn lesyngys alle þe wordys þat þei sey.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 1208 Tharfor till him is no comparisoun As off a man, sauff reuerence off the croun.

c1500 Three Kings' Sons (1895) 139 It semeth, sauf your displeasir, that [etc.].

a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. Bk. King Alexander l. 2529 The king said, ‘Lordis, answeir, saif [v.r. saifand] ʒour grace—Ȝe suld considder weill ane vther case.’

1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 136 To quhome he said, saif ȝour plesure Madame.

1649 E. Davies Bill Excomm. 12 In whose Churchyard, save-reverence, worse then burnt by the Hangman.

a1943 D. Billany Whispering (2008) xx. 215 She is Mrs. Noel Marsh, neither more nor less, save your honour.

a. Except, with the exception of; but, except for. Frequently with additional word for emphasis, as only, alone, etc. Also in save and except, †but save. Cf. save for at sense B. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > except or excepting

savec1330

out-takenc1384

saving1386

other thana1425

savea1500

reserving1541

salvo1601

to set aside1610

abstracting from1614

save fora1616

sans1659

exclude1720

aside from1818

saufc1844

out-taking1848

secludinga1851

α.

c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) l. 346 For þat he was so hende & gode, Men blisced him..Saue þe steward.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 210 Saue Meede þe Mayden no mon dorste abyde.

c1400 Last Age of Church (1840) p. xxviii Euery lettre in þe abece may be souned wiþ opyn mouþ saue .m. lettre one.

a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add. 32578) (1907) l. 482 Bedrede I lay ffourty ȝhere fully sawe two.

1450–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1450 §18. m. 7 The last day save oon of August.

a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 19 Trewe frendis ne fownde he none, Sawe Robert Steuenes-Son.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxi No Chronicler saue one, maketh mencion what was the uery cause.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 77 The aforesaid boats are..covered all save the ends with black cloth.

1684 N. S. tr. R. Simon Crit. Enq. Editions Bible xxvi. 238 His Notes generally are pretty plausible,..save only when he bustles for his Religion,..Preaches, Cants and ridicules himself.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xi. 245 We spent the next Evening (save one) in London.

1796 R. Bage Hermsprong II. xv. 103 All victims of gout, save one, hitherto preserved by a true carbuncle face.

1808 G. Ellis Let. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) II. iv. 143 The most pleasing poem in our language—save and except one or two of Dryden's fables.

1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 140 All that remained to England in France, save Calais, was lost.

1922 Rep. Court of Appeals Kentucky 192 256 She may have had some grounds for jealousy, but..she produced no competent evidence thereof, save and except one photograph..which she had possessed all that time.

1952 E. Wilson Lit. Chron. (1956) 107 The several heroes..seem at first to have nothing in common save the accident of all being observed by the American who is telling the story.

2004 H. Fearnley-Whittingstall River Cottage Meat Bk. xi. 304 A cassoulet needs no accompaniment, save a robust and artisanal red wine.

β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17288 + 438 (MED) Alle to-geder þai whore sauf thomas of ynde allone.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1749 Heȝest of alle oþer, saf onelych tweyne.1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xx. vii. sig. bbiii^v How they were alle slayne sauf hym self al only.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 134 Sexte and vi xvi to ded has dycht, Bot saiff vii men at fled out of thar sycht.1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 178 A certayne crowne of so greate fayrenesse..that the maieste of none, safe of god alone, shulde ouer passe yt.1579 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 430 No kynd of..tymber..salfe onely fuell of wood for fyre.c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 86 All the lightes of waxe in every church to be taken downe, saffe onely the roode-loft light.a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) p. xl He callit on his childring, quho wer all thair, saiff ane.

b. Followed by a personal pronoun in the objective case.

ΚΠ

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1634 (MED) Al þyn Messagers þay han a-slawe saue me, þat am a-scaped.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxxvi. 5 For ther is noon other God, saue thee, Lord [L. quoniam non est Deus praeter te Domine].

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 149 They haue all deuoured saue me allone whiche haue by auenture a grete while sauyd my self vpon this tre.

1595 G. Markham Most Honorable Trag. Sir R. Grinuile sig. E^v Their manie forces feebled by this one, Whose thoughts, saue him, are rightly due to none.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 501 But all saue thee, I fell with Curses.

1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura iii. 25 None should presume to carve his Effigies save him only.

1754 A. Berthelson Eng. & Danish Dict. at Save All save him, alle foruden ham.

1784 New Foundling Hosp. for Wit (rev. ed.) II. 18 All weigh their Sov'reign in their private scales, And find him wanting, all save me alone.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. i. 58 No insect sweetly buzzed amid these groves, From all things that have life, Save only me, concealed.

1846 Ladies' Repository Aug. 65/1 By all save thee, I pray to be forgot.

1893 F. Thompson Hound of Heaven 180 Whom wilt thou find to love ignoble thee, Save Me, save only Me?

1911 J. London in Cent. Illustr. Monthly Mag. 82 251/2 None save me can make his kind be still.

a2008 M. Crichton Pirate Latitudes (2010) xxv. 341 There was no crew. He told the story that all died in a hurricane, save him alone.

c. Followed by a personal pronoun in the subjective case.

ΚΠ

α.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 1355 Saue I and a frere In Engelond ther kan no man it make.

1494 Lydgate's Falle of Princis (Pynson) ix. sig. Fvi/2 There is a lyue left none of the blode Saue I alone of the royall lyne.

1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. lxxix^v Wilt thou so teach..that no man shall have knowlege..in Gods worde save thou only?

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. ii. sig. Cii Yet shal ye find no other wight, saue she, by bred & salt.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. v. 68 All the Conspirators saue onely hee, Did that they did, in enuy of great Cæsar.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 814 That mortal dint, Save he who reigns above, none can resist.

1734 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. II. 341 Has any other person a right or power over the lives of men, save he, from whom they received them, even God himself?

1766 S. Hayes & R. Carr Eugenia i. vii. 12 Part receiv'd their Deaths, Save we who 'scap'd with dang'rous Difficulty.

1821 Ld. Byron Isles of Greece in Don Juan: Canto III 51 Where nothing, save the waves and I, May hear our mutual murmurs sweep.

1866 G. W. Dasent Gisli 5 No one has ever challenged me before this day, save thou.

1917 R. Nichols Ardours & Endurances 82 The constellations turn Round the dark pole, and none knows why... None seeks to know save only I And thou.

2001 T. Brooks Antrax (2002) x. 131 The creators, save he alone, were destroyed.

β. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 162 Saf only þei þat ben dwellynge with hym.?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 25 For ferde that ani other shulde haue the loue of her sauf he hym selff.c1500 Three Kings' Sons (1895) 133 Then were they alle slayne, sauf y.

†3. But for, only for, were it not for. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > except or excepting > but for

savingc1450

na warc1480

savec1522

saving for1523

c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 83 Spiritual pride..carieth with it a blindnes almost incurable saue gods gret mercye.

1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 95 She seem'd a splendid angel, newly drest, Save wings, for heaven.

B. conj.

a. Followed by an adverbial phrase or clause, expressing the condition for or respect in which the statement in the main clause is not applicable: = except conj. 3.

ΚΠ

α.

c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 2270 (MED) Al is pes þar ichaue went, Saue in þe lond of Dabilent.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 1359 And yit withoute experience Salve only of illusion.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 118 Neuere saue in late daies was eny clok telling the houris.

1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 7 Thy garments all and some Do smell of Mirrhe, and saue of Mirrhe no sent doth from thee come.

1598 H. B. Reader to Chaucer in Chaucer's Wks. sig. av^v Unknowne to vs, saue only by thy bookes.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings xxii. 31 Fight neither with small nor great, saue only with the king of Israel.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 258 Over the Tent a Cloud Shall rest by Day, a fierie gleame by Night, Save when they journie.

1751 T. Gray Elegy ii. 5 Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight.

1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 384 Never at his books Or with his pen, save when he scrawls a card.

1864 Cornhill Mag. Aug. 173 Save and except in a dead calm she is utterly unseaworthy.

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar viii. 79 There was no longer, therefore, any excuse for its meeting, save on special occasions.

1941 J. Agee & W. Evans Let us now praise Famous Men 140 The hall..is in shadow also, save where one wall, fifteen feet back, is slantingly slashed with light.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ii. 57 Law is seen as an encumbrance to liberal free marketeers, save in the ways it protects commercial transactions.

β. c1422 T. Hoccleve Tale of Jerelaus (Durh.) l. 405 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 154 Womman, with my swerd slee wolde I thee heere, Sauf for awe of god.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 12 (MED) Be-fill yowe neuer this merveyle saf ones?1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxx. f. 67^v Beynge not instructed in any occupation or science, saulfe only in feates perteynynge to warre.1622 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 509 And without ony word-speiking, saif only be moveing of hir lipis.

b. Followed by an infinitive (with or without to).

ΚΠ

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Claud.) (2009) 19 ‘What schal be þe seruyse of þys fest.’ Þen sayde he: ‘Þe same þat ys in hure natiuite, saue turne þe natiuite into concepcyon.’

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 660 (MED) He..had no thing to doon, Saff shake a lite his eris, & trus, & [tho] be goon.

1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) John xiii. 10 He that is wesshed, nedeth not save to wesshe his fete.

1642 D. Rogers Matrimoniall Honovr viii. 182 What is this, save to give ayme to a chaste woman, to be lewd?

1713 Boston News-let. 13 Apr. 2/2 Messieurs Francis Clark and Grove Hirst..resolving not to act any longer as Partners, save to shut up their Accounts now open in their books, do signify the same.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. ix. 209 If thou hast aught to do, save to witness the misery thou hast caused.

1898 Longman's Mag. May 80 What pleasure hath this slave in life, save to do the Huzoor's will?

1924 Searchlight on Congr. 31 Mar. 3/2 This Old Guard has nothing to do save legislate.

2000 Driving Mag. Mar. 56/1 We won't bore you with the details, save to say it is destined to play a significant role in the construction of future Fiats.

c. save for: with the exception of, except for, but for. Cf. sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > except or excepting

savec1330

out-takenc1384

saving1386

other thana1425

savea1500

reserving1541

salvo1601

to set aside1610

abstracting from1614

save fora1616

sans1659

exclude1720

aside from1818

saufc1844

out-taking1848

secludinga1851

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 283 Then was this Island (Saue for the Son, that [s]he did littour heere..) Not honour'd with A humane shape.

1740 tr. G. Adlerfeld Mil. Hist. Charles XII II. 379 Hitherto the march had been supportable enough, save for the violent cold.

1774 Ann. Reg. 1773 App. Chron. 189/1 The Lord-Mayor had no authority to call a common-hall, save for the purpose of elections.

1839 Ladies' Compan. Jan. 136/2 Save for a touch of keenness in the frosty air, and for the leafless aspect of the country, it might have massed for a more lightsome season.

1879 T. H. S. Escott England II. xxv. 256 The well-conducted soldier, save and except for a more or less constant ennui..may pass his days in comparative comfort.

1911 Boys' Life Aug. 14/2 Griff..found himself alone save for he who had come to his assistance.

1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet 219 But when he stood in the door again, save for the slightly increased rasp and tempo of his breathing, he might never have left it.

2008 R. Raisin God's Own Country ix. 68 Not an item of life anyplace save for me and Sal, and a mawngy crow sat in a tree.

d. save from: with the exception of, apart from.

ΚΠ

1695 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 107 For the lowest, second, and third Stories, those Partitions were uniform, and altogether the same; save from the second Floor, which answered the main Entrance, one Partition was reserved for a Stair-Case.

1796 F. Burney Camilla V. ix. 442 As they advanced, she was struck to hear no encrease of noise, save from the nearer trampling of feet.

1823 ‘B. Cornwall’ Flood of Thessaly i. 37 No noise was heard, save from their beating hearts.

1867 Chronicle 5 Oct. 669 Though Sea-Devil and Vampire are assigned to it as trivial names, it..is in no way formidable save from its enormous strength and bulk.

1909 Pop. Sci. Monthly Oct. 398 As to the actual number [of offenders] thus passing under probationary methods we have no way of knowing save from the records of the courts themselves.

1948 J. T. Flynn Roosevelt Myth iii. iii. 260 This was all the schooling he got save from a governess until he was 14, when he went to Groton.

1986 C. Z. Stearns & P. N. Stearns Anger v. 141 Save from some ‘problem’ symptoms..anger had receded from the forefront of inquiry into the psychological qualities of work.

2007 D. D. Birch From my Soul to Yours 190 Her reddish-brown skin was still smooth and practically wrinkle-free save from the ones around the outer edges of her eyes.

a. Used to introduce a statement of fact that forms an exception to a statement in the main clause: except for the fact that; = except conj. 1. Now only followed by that.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [conjunction] > except

out-takea1325

save?c1335

out-takena1382

saving1395

saving?a1425

except that1569

α.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 436 (MED) Min hert hol i haue now..saue a fers feintise folwes me oft.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 236 He was despeyred, no thyng dorste he seye Saue in his songes som what wolde he wreye His wo.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Mark vi. 5 And he myȝte not do there ony vertu, saue that he helide a fewe sijk men.

1547 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 265 Salve onlie that the said Thomas shall [etc.].

1560 W. Baldwin Funeralles Edward VI sig. B.iii Like Mercury in euery kinde of grace, Save that he had a much more lovely face.

1617 W. Mure Misc. Poems xx. 6 My muse, q^ch noght doth challenge worthy fame, Saue from Montgomery sche hir birth doth clayme.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 187 Naked from the waste vpwards, saue that their heads are couered.

1751 T. Gray Elegy iii. 5 Save that from yonder ivy-mantled tow'r The mopeing owl does to the moon complain.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Frost at Midnight in Fears in Solitude 19 That solitude, which suits Abstruser musings: save that at my side My cradled infant slumbers peacefully.

1842 R. I. Wilberforce Rutilius & Lucius 270 Then all was still, save that a vast gush of fire rose up for a moment.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xiv. 1 Calvus, save that as eyes thou art beloved, I could verily loathe thee for the morning's Gift.

1920 M. A. Smeeton Bacteriol. for Nurses xiv. 147 The immunity produced is identical with that produced by the injection of living organisms save that it is of a lower degree and is not so lasting.

2004 C. Holt Deeper than Desire xiii. 195 He knew nothing of significance about her save that she'd lost her virginity to an old love.

β. ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 107 God ȝaf him..Foules, bestis and þe frute–Saf o tre he him forbede.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 339 In his tyme þe monkes of Caunterbury..were nouȝt onliche to seculer men, sauf þat þey lefte nouȝt liche [read liȝtliche] her chastite.c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 25/2 [His] ayre sall cum in the herytage of the landis..bot this sall be sauff that his spousyt wyffe sall hafe [etc.].1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 36 Lych to the tothir, saf they be not garnysshed.a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 61 No thing is thine sauf onlie that thow spendis.a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. M.j His face was lyke a man, saufe it hadde but one eye.1579 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (Edinb.) l. 830 in Shorter Poems (2003) 57 My curage grew; for quhat caus I nocht wait, Saif [?1553 London Saue] that I held me payit of thair estait.1693 J. Fraser Iona in W. Macfarlane Geogr. Coll. Scotl. (1907) II. 216 Chapells of whose particular uses, (safe that they served for divine worship,) we can give litle account.

†b. In adversative use: but on the contrary, but rather; yet. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > but on the contrary [conjunction]

savec1390

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. Prol. l. 77 Saue hit nis not bi þe Bisschop þat þe Boye precheþ.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 163 And if..þe herte be hurt, þere lijþ no [MS. do] cure þeron, saue he schal die anoon; for þe herte takiþ no lijf of no lyme of al þe bodi, saue þe herte ȝeueþ lyues to euery lyme of þe bodi.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 188 (MED) Kynde vs hath grauntid two eighen and two eeris, Saue but one tonge.

c. Used to introduce a hypothetical case of exception: ‘unless’, ‘if not’; = except conj. 2. Also followed by that.In later use chiefly literary and archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > on condition that [conjunction] > except, unless

warne1340

savea1393

lessa1400

unless1473

except that if1513

except1526

excepta1616

'cept1851

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 3497 And thus I mai you sothli telle, Save only that I crie and bidde, I am in Tristesce al amidde And fulfild of Desesperance.

1409 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 74 Saufe gif the mariage God grantand beis fulfillid betwix [etc.].

a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) l. 8016 Hounde is þe wittiest beste þat is of alle..And þe smellyngeste þynge is he, Sauffe if hit þe myre be.

1846 tr. Euripides Hecuba, Medea, Phœnissæ, & Orestes 33 There is none such [a woman so unfortunate], save only if thou shouldst name misfortune herself.

1870 Ld. Tennyson Holy Grail 86 Save that he were the swine thou spakest of.

1897 F. Thompson New Poems 186 'Tis said there were no thought of hell, Save hell were taught.

1921 W. E. Barton Safed & Ketura xxxi. 77 No one in California would speak falsely about anything, save it might be to indulge in a Very Mild Exaggeration concerning the climate.

2009 T. Wolk Lincoln's Daughter xix. 71 By now he should have come to his car, if he was on the right path, save it could be circles or spirals he was executing.

†3. Followed by a finite clause with omission of subject: except, but only. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. lxxxvi^v Master More..prouith nothinge saue sheweth his ignoraunce.

†4. Followed by an infinitive clause introduced by that: but that, were it not that. Cf. sense A. 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxvi. sig. E2^v From these would I be gone, Saue that to dye, I leaue my loue alone.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	save
释义	saven.¹ Brit. /seɪv/, U.S. /seɪv/ Forms: late Middle English 1900s– save, late Middle English–1500s (1600s Scottish) saue. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin salvia. Etymology: Probably < classical Latin salvia salvia n. (compare sage n.¹), influenced semantically by association with salve n.¹ (see note below) and formally by association with save v. (compare save v. 3a and forms at that entry). Compare earlier sage n.¹The passage cited in quot. c1405 appears to distinguish between salues (plural of salve n.¹) and saue . However, compare the following passage, where different manuscripts appear to show save n.¹ and salve n.¹ respectively:c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 631 Now kan nat Canacee but herbes delue Out of the grownd and maken saues [c1415 Corpus Oxf. salues] newe Of herbes preciouse and fyn of hewe To heelen with this hauk fro day to nyght. Now rare. A kind of herb or medicinal preparation of herbs, esp. one consumed as an infusion. In later use: spec. = sage n.¹ 1. N.E.D. (1909) defines the term only as ‘sage’, and some earlier quots. may indeed represent this use. However, other quots. may refer to another kind of herb, or, as in quot. a1500, to a concoction of different herbs (cf. salve n.¹ 1a). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > sage plant, leaf, or root sagea1350 sage leaf14.. sage root14.. savec1405 tea-sage1728 salvia1844 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > herb > [noun] > sage sagea1350 savec1405 claryc1485 tea-sage1728 c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1853 Somme hadden salues, and some hadden charmes; Fermacyes of herbes, and eek saue They dronken, for they wolde hir lymes haue. c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 67 (MED) May þu lere for to make Saue, the wilk es a gude drynke & ane oynment for þe woundis or þe hurtes with-in & with-owtten of þe body of man or woman. ?a1450 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 287 So þat he drynke save or anteoche. a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 15th Cent. (1899) 126 (MED) For to make saue In hys kynde: Take burnet, dauc, turmentylle..and þei schulen be gadered in may be-fore seynt Iohnes daie. ?1543 Newe Herball (new ed.) sig. f.iv Iris is an herbe called flowerdelyse, and it is lyke to Saue almoste in all maner fetures. 1653 in H. Paton Rep. Laing MSS (1914) I. 277 Yow sall prepare yowre self..by taking cooling broath [blank] saue [ed. sane] and oximell. 1915 N.A.R.D Jrnl. 1 July 633/2 Its common names [i.e. those of salvia officinalis] are garden or meadow sage and save. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). saven.² Brit. /seɪv/, U.S. /seɪv/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: save v. Etymology: < save v. 1. colloquial. A financial saving; an economy. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > sum of money saved nest-egg1686 saving1737 haining1823 save1844 lay-by1894 1844 Punch 6 210/2 Not to forget her hint about the save in sugar. 1880 Eng. Mechanic 26 Nov. 287/2 The engine..cost much less for fuel than the horses did in food, and was altogether a great save. 1906 Daily Chron. 9 Feb. 4/4 The fact is, apart from..the save in gas and firing,..when the year's finished I've calculated I shall make a profit on it. 2009 R. C. Anderson & R. White Confessions Radical Industrialist ix. 140 What are the big saves in the world of long-haul trucking? 2. Sport. a. Association Football, Hockey, etc. An act, usually by the goalkeeper, of preventing the opposing side from scoring a goal. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > characteristics of team ball games > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres ball1483 through-pass1673 intercept1821 fielding1823 outfielding1851 wrist stroke1851 goalkeeping1856 shot1868 scrimmage1872 passing1882 save1883 touchback1884 angle shot1885 shooting1885 pass1887 line1891 tackling1893 feeding1897 centre1898 chip shot1899 glovework1906 back-lift1912 push pass1919 aerial1921 screen1921 ball-hawking1925 fast break1929 tackle1930 chip1939 screenshot1940 snapshot1961 hang time1969 one-two1969 blooter1976 passback1976 sidefoot1979 1883 York Herald 13 Mar. 8/5 Gough made a grand save, and a corner kick for Scotland resulted. 1890 Field 1 Nov. 670/1 Coventry [sc. a half-back] came to the rescue with a plucky save. 1931 Boys' Life Feb. 55/2 ‘What a save that goalie made!’... The puck, driven at close range, strikes the goalie's knee. 1977 News of World 17 Apr. 23/4 Arsenal lost the match the precise second that Liverpool's England goalkeeper Ray Clemence made a world-class save from Frank Stapleton. 1996 S. Liversedge Not just Another Club (1998) xx. 224 Neville Southall..pulled off an astounding, double-barrelled save from substitute Paul Scholes. b. Baseball. The credit given to a relief pitcher for maintaining a team's lead in a game won by the pitcher's team. Also: the act of preserving the lead in this way. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > pitching > actions wind-up1931 stretch1939 save1959 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > pitching > actions > credit given to relief pitcher save1959 1959 Baseball Digest Sept. 12/1 A string of five relief victories carried over from the 1958 season, along with 27 saves. 1962 Washington Daily News 3 July 27/2 They had two on base when Wagner came up with his save. 1977 Washington Post 5 June d8/2 A junior All-Metropolitan selection who..was credited with a save in yesterday's triumph. 1985 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 9 Oct. c3/1 Pitchers are given two points for each save and relief win. 2002 Time 27 May 66/3 Benitez was the best closer in the league last year, with forty-three saves. 3. Bridge. = sacrifice bid n. at sacrifice n. Compounds 2. Frequently in cheap save. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > bidding flag-flying1889 redoubling1899 auction1908 overbidding1912 pre-emption1924 save1927 raising1929 cue-bidding1932 sacrifice bid1932 sign-off1932 sign-off bid1932 protection1952 sacrifice1952 sacrifice bidding1959 1927 Observer 31 July 14/5 Now consider the position if Z had doubled ‘Six Hearts’ instead of going on with Spades..which would have saved the game and rubber. A cheap save and well worth while! 1928 A. E. M. Foster Auction Bridge iv. 200 (heading) A good save on majority bidding. 1974 Country Life 3 Oct. 975/3 A hand from a recent session... Trying for a cheap save. 2009 Atlanta Jrnl. & Constit. (Nexis) 22 Nov. 16 e My partner actually had seven clubs and four diamonds, enough for a cheap save over four spades. 4. Computing. The action or an act of copying data or a program from main memory to a hard drive or other storage medium. Also: data which has been so copied. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > storage > action of storing writing1946 saving1965 save1982 1982 380z Disc Syst. User Guide App. B. 7 Save, the transfer of a program or data from immediate (and usually volatile) memory to a backing store of non-volatile memory (usually disc or tape). 1992 InfoWorld 30 Nov. 80/3 There's no reason Organizer couldn't automatically perform a save during shutdown. 1998 N.Y. Times 11 June d4/2 You can upload game saves, characters or sports rosters to your computer. 2011 T. Ang Digital Photogr. Essent. iv. 174/2 It's often recommended that you don't save and re-save files in JPEG as each save loses more data. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). savev. Brit. /seɪv/, U.S. /seɪv/ Forms: α. early Middle English salui (south-west midlands), Middle English salue, Middle English–1500s salve; Scottish pre-1700 salf, pre-1700 salff, pre-1700 salue, pre-1700 salve, pre-1700 salwe, pre-1700 saulf, pre-1700 saulfe. β. early Middle English sauui (south-western and south-west midlands), early Middle English sauvi (south-western), early Middle English sawui (south-west midlands), Middle English sauf, Middle English sauff, Middle English sauue, 1500s sauve; Scottish pre-1700 sauffe, pre-1700 sawf, pre-1700 sawfe, pre-1700 sawff, pre-1700 sawffe, pre-1700 sawth (past tense), pre-1700 1800s saufe, pre-1700 1800s sauff, pre-1700 1800s– sauf (now literary). γ. Middle English saaue, Middle English saf, Middle English safe, Middle English saffe (northern), Middle English saif (northern), Middle English sau, Middle English saui (southern), Middle English sauy (chiefly southern), Middle English sauye (south-western and south-west midlands), Middle English sav, Middle English savy (south-west midlands), Middle English saw, Middle English sayfe (northern), Middle English sayue (northern), Middle English seavyng (present participle, probably transmission error), Middle English ysaueþ (3rd singular present indicative), Middle English–1500s sawe, Middle English–1600s saue, Middle English– save, 1900s– seft (U.S. regional, past tense); English regional 1800s– seav (north-western), 1800s– seavv (north-western), 1800s– seeave (Yorkshire), 1800s– seyav (Isle of Wight), 1800s– zaayve (Berkshire); Scottish pre-1700 saaf, pre-1700 saif, pre-1700 saife, pre-1700 saiff, pre-1700 saiffe, pre-1700 saive, pre-1700 saue, pre-1700 sav, pre-1700 sawe, pre-1700 sayff, pre-1700 sayffe, pre-1700 1700s–1800s safe, pre-1700 1700s– save, pre-1700 1800s saf, pre-1700 1800s saff, pre-1700 (1800s south-western) seff. δ. south-eastern Middle English soui, Middle English souy. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French saver. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman saver, sawer, sawver, savier, Anglo-Norman and Old French salver, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French sauver, Anglo-Norman and Middle French saulver (French sauver ) to help (someone) escape grave danger (842 as salvar ), to bring about religious salvation (end of the 10th cent.), to effect the salvation of (a person's soul), to protect, prevent the destruction or loss of (something) (both 1050), to preserve or maintain (authority, honour, reputation, etc.) (c1165), to keep (something) safe and intact (c1210), (reflexive) to escape (c1280), (in law) to reserve (a right) (late 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman), to salvage (c1300 or earlier in Anglo-Norman) < post-classical Latin salvare to deliver, rescue (Vetus Latina), to afford salvation (Vulgate), to heal (3rd cent.), to preserve, store, to keep, retain (8th cent.), to protect, shelter (9th cent.), to salvage from shipwreck (1330, 1455 in British sources) < classical Latin salvus safe adj. Compare Old Occitan salvar (c1270), Spanish salvar (c1140), Portuguese salvar (13th cent.), Italian salvare (end of the 12th cent.). Compare salve v.², save prep., save conj.In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). The (isolated) 3rd singular present indicative form ysaueþ is probably by association with the prefixed forms of the past participle, although it could alternatively be interpreted as showing a separate formation in y- prefix. Forms with -f- may partly reflect association with the related adjective safe adj.; compare conversely forms with -v- at that entry. With sense 1a compare ancient Greek σῴζειν , post-classical Latin salvum facere , salvificare (Vulgate). In early use in sense 3a this word is difficult to distinguish from salve v.¹ 2; some examples placed there may rather represent α. forms of the present word. It is also possible that some examples given at sane v. represent transmission errors for the present word in sense 3a, arising by minim confusion. Compare the following, in which sanys probably represents a similar error for the present word, in a different sense (perhaps 9b):c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1749 All þe gracious godis & gudnes on erthe Þat sanys sete & soile & sustaynes þe erth, Prayses ay þe Persyns. With sense 5 compare Middle French, French sauver l'honneur (1548). I. To rescue, preserve, or protect; to make safe. 1. a. transitive. Esp. of God or Christ: to preserve (a person, a soul, etc.) from damnation; to redeem from sin, bring salvation to. Frequently (esp. in later use) in passive. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > save, redeem [verb (transitive)] aleseOE abyeOE buyc1175 washc1175 winc1220 salvea1225 savec1225 forbuyc1315 ransomc1350 signc1350 again-buya1382 forechoosea1400 gain-buy1435 redeemc1438 pre-elect1561 sa'1604 electa1617 unsina1631 c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 475 Monnes unmihte þet he neodeles nom uppon him seoluen us for to saluin. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 98 Godes zone þet com to þe wordle to zeche an to souy þet þet wes uorlore. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) James i. 21 In myldenesse, or homelynesse, receyue ȝe the word insent, or ioyned, that mai saue [L. salvare] ȝoure soules. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 82 Tech me..Hou I may saue my soule. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 261 If it be seid..‘The crosse of Crist saued the world..’, the dewe vndirstonding ther of is this: ‘Crist bi his crosse..saued the world’. c1480 (a1400) St. Barnabas l. 14 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 249 He callit paule to safe & succur syndry sawle. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fvi I am passed my purgatory, and I am saued. 1534 (?a1500) Shearmen & Taylors' Pageant l. 546 in H. Craig Two Coventry Corpus Christi Plays (1931) 19 A seyd there schuld a babe be borne..To sawe mankynd that wasse for-lorne. 1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 6th Serm. sig. Uii^v We can not be saued wythout fayeth, and fayth commeth by hearynge of the worde. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. ii. 67 For there is no christian that meanes to be saued by beleeuing rightly, can euer beleeue such impossible passages of grossenesse. View more context for this quotation 1666 J. Bunyan Grace Abounding §202 I was again much under this Question, Whether the Blood of Christ was sufficient to save my Soul? 1726 E. Bird Fate & Destiny 153 Their [sic] cannot one Soul be Saved, by all his or their Pains, which is ordained to Hell. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 48 But with such as he, where'er he be, May I be sav'd or d——'d. c1830 T. Moore Epit. on Tuft Hunter 20 He'd rather be Genteelly damn'd beside a Duke Than sav'd in vulgar company. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes iv. 210 Luther learned now that a man was saved not by singing masses, but by the infinite grace of God. 1893 F. Thompson Poems 61 There is no expeditious road To pack and label men for God, And save them by the barrel-load. 1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come ii. iv. 169 It had a touch of Rasputinism, this revival of the ancient heresy that one must sin thoroughly before one can be saved. 1956 Life 1 Oct. 145/1 I think Christ will save me from my sins, and I hope I won't commit any more. 2006 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 7 Oct. 22 Limbo's population has no prospect of going anywhere, unlike the souls in Purgatory who will be saved on Judgment Day. b. intransitive. Esp. of God or Christ: to preserve a person, a soul, etc., from damnation; to offer salvation and redemption from sin. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > salvation, redemption > save, redeem [verb (intransitive)] savea1500 a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xiii. §1. 47 Þat is þare is na god þat dampnnes or safes. 1537 W. Turner tr. Urbanus Regius Compar. Olde Learnynge & Newe sig. G.ii^v Only Christ ought to raygne in mans conscience by his worde, which onely maye saue and condempne. 1688 J. Bunyan Good News for Vilest of Men 87 Nor is he [sc. God] so willing to save as some pretended Gospellers imagine. 1709 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs (ed. 2) iii. 311 The God of Mercy..Who saves by his Redeeming Word, And new-creating Breath. 1774 Crit. Rev. Oct. 280 His death was not an atonement, in the sense of that, which influences God to save; but as the means by which God saves. 1858 W. Arnot Laws from Heaven 2nd Ser. xiii. 101 It is grace accepted that saves. 1897 Leaves of Healing 26 Feb. 314/1 Believe that Jesus saves; believe that Jesus heals [etc.]. 1922 H. S. Miller Christian Workers' Man. 213 Jesus Himself, a living Saviour, saves and keeps. 1980 H. Carpenter Jesus vii. 93 What matters..is Jesus's power to save now: he is the living Lord, rather than just a historical figure on whose teachings the Church is based. 2002 R. Webber Younger Evangelicals ii. v. 86 In the union between god and man in the person of Jesus, Divine Action is united to human response. He, the God-man, alone is able to save. c. transitive. In extended use: to preserve or reclaim (a person) from dissipation, immorality, or self-destruction; to be the salvation of. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > reform, amend, or correct [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person raisec1175 chastya1240 amenda1275 chastisec1330 reara1382 revokec1384 redressc1390 reclaima1393 reducec1425 reform1477 reclaim?a1505 emendc1542 claim1546 reduct1548 save1857 decriminalize1963 1857 Househ. Words 4 Apr. 336/1 She saved me when almost too late though, by giving me something to love and live for. 1894 E. Sullivan Woman 98 How often you hear it said that marriage has improved a man—that it has saved him! 1916 Bible Champion Oct. 102 She saved him, I think. He never tasted a drop of liquor after his parting from her. 1974 New York 18 Feb. 45/1 I was a lonely little fellow. Nearly became an alcoholic. The war saved me. 2011 Mordialloc Chelsea (Austral.) Leader (Nexis) 9 Mar. 23 I went off the rails a bit when I was 18 after my dad died, and football was what saved me. 2. a. transitive (reflexive). To get oneself out of danger, difficulty, or misfortune; esp. to get away, to escape. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver [verb (reflexive)] ridc1225 save?c1225 deliverc1405 rescousa1450 acquit1595 the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [verb (reflexive)] save?c1225 recover1553 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 78 Sauuen [c1230 Corpus Cambr. sawuin] ow seoluen & maten him betere ne muȝe ȝe on nane wise. c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 836 (MED) Him com strokes so gret plente Þat fain he was to weren is hed And saue him self fro þe ded. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2038 Bot wered not þis ilk wyȝe for wele þis gordel, For pryde of þe pendauntez, þaȝ polyst þay were, & þaȝ þe glyterande golde glent vpon endez, Bot forto sauen hym-self. c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora l. 257 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 106 Sa ma þu þe sauf fra hel. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 133 (MED) Wherfor, gentyll knyght, gos hens fast and saue þyselfe. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. xiii. 8 Nother party wist..To salf hym self quhar away to fle. 1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 v. ii. 48 Flie Lords and saue your selues. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 44 The Colliers..retired immediately and saved themselves from the eruptions of the Damp. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. iii. 209 For those that save themselves, and fly, Go half's at least in the Victory. 1707 W. Funnell Voy. round World vii. 214 He and his Company got to his Boat, and so saved themselves to the Ship. 1797 M. Robinson Walsingham II. xlv. 300 Fly Walsingham;—save yourself—for I am murdered. 1817 Ballad of Waterloo 18 All panic struck, the legions fled, 'Twas save himself who could. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 6 Jan. 7/4 Some of the survivors saved themselves by seizing the collier's whaling-piece. 1958 P. Kemp No Colours or Crest viii. 175 Davis..was struggling to carry the heavy wireless set; I shouted to him to ditch it and save himself. 2004 C. Connelly Attention All Shipping (2005) 225 Half the crew were able to save themselves by shinning along the bowsprit and dropping on to the rocks. b. transitive. To deliver or rescue (a person or animal) from danger or harm, esp. of a life-threatening nature. Frequently with from (also †fro, †out of).to save a person's life: see Phrases 1a. Cf. also Phrases 3.In quot. c1325 perhaps showing the infinitive in the prepositional sense ‘keeping safe and intact, without injury to’; cf. quot. c1325 at save prep. 1, and senses 5a(c), 12. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > specifically a living being sparec825 savec1275 spelea1300 sover1488 lifeguard1690 the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] areddec885 leeseOE reddOE winc1220 deliver?c1225 ridc1225 quita1250 betellc1275 casta1300 to cast outa1300 liverc1330 rescuec1330 wrechec1330 borrowc1350 to put out of ——c1350 to bring awaya1400 redea1400 wreakc1400 rescourec1425 rescousa1450 savec1480 relue1483 salue1484 redeem1488 recovera1500 redressa1500 eschewc1500 rescours1511 to pull (also snatch) out of the fire1526 recourse1533 withtakec1540 redeem1549 vindicate1568 retire1578 repair1591 reprieve1605 to bring off1609 c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 219 Lord, saue us, for we perisset. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1260 Ac ich wolde to sauui lif & lume bringe him to ech lawe. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2535 Wonderli a werwolf ȝesterday hem saued, þa pertly þe prouost barn bar a-way from alle; while men hunted after hem þai han a-wai schaped. c1480 (a1400) St. George 116 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 179 To saf his douchtir fra þat wrak. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cvi^v Thus may yow saif me fra syte. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xc. 284 He that alwayes hath saued me out of all perelles wyll not forsake me at this tyme. a1600 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 55 Gif ze..salve his servandis ffre the daith so far as ze may. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iv. 3 One that I sau'd from drowning. View more context for this quotation 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ix. 9 Save a Thiefe from the Gallows, and he'll Cut your Throat. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 72 Did not you come Eleven of you into the Boat, where are the Ten? Why were not they sav'd and you lost? 1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 82* Two Heyducks who were behind the coach, bravely exposed their lives to save the King. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxii. 284 She fell on her knees, and thanked the Power which had saved her husband. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. vii. 94 ‘O, Mr. Symmes!—save me—do save me—do hide me!’ said Eliza. 1928 Hamilton (Ohio) Daily News 4 Jan. 6/5 Plain, ordinary, every-day water..squirts out of the engine hose to help the fireman save the child. 1975 Newport (Rhode Island) Daily News 22 May 8/1 A yachtsman..saved his dog but left three crewmen in the ocean for 10 hours until two died. 2008 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 25 Sept. 52/4 Miraculously saved from the Shoah, he spent the rest of his life dreaming of Poland. c. transitive. To deliver or rescue (a people, state, or city) from harm or destruction. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > deliver (a state or people) savea1382 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxxi. 7 Saf [L. salva], Lord, thi puple, the remnauntis of Irael. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. 3450 Fayn I wild purueie for Acres þat cite, ordeynd wer som weie how it mot saued be. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 59 He shold employe alle his entente to saue the comyn wele. c1480 (a1400) St. George 106 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 179 His douchtir..to þe dragone suld be gyffine, to sauff þe ton. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. v. 34 My citee was sauffit be þi helpe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. iii. 134 If it were so, that our request did tend To saue the Romanes, thereby to destroy The Volces whom you serue. View more context for this quotation 1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 177 Cou'd Troy be sav'd by any single hand. 1779 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XIII. 299 Was there not some idea, at the evacuating of Philadelphia, to save New-York also by that measure? 1852 Ld. Tennyson Ode Wellington 200 Yea, let all good things await Him who cares not to be great, But as he saves or serves the state. 1894 J. T. Fowler in St. Adamnan Vita S. Columbae p. xxi The Bards were saved, but reformed. 1902 G. S. Whitmore Last Maori War p. vi Everything should be done to save the native people from the fate which in all history had befallen aboriginal races brought into contact with civilization. 1959 H. Baillie High Tension vii. 96 He, Mussolini, and his Blackshirts had saved Italy from the Communists. 2003 E. Farkas Fractured States & U.S. Foreign Policy ii. 41 Kurdish representatives argued for military intervention to save the Kurds. d. intransitive. To deliver or rescue a person, country, etc., from danger. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > afford deliverance [verb (intransitive)] to-liver13.. savea1382 rescuea1393 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (intransitive)] savea1382 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xlvi. 4 I shal bern, and I shal saue. ?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 30 The fyrst frute offyr to hym in sacryfice brent, hym evyr be-sechyng..In all ȝour werkys to save and spede. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Isa. lix. 1 The Lords hand is not shortened, that it can not saue. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. ii. 80 Your husband, he is gone to saue far off, Whilst others come to make him loose at home. View more context for this quotation 1692 R. Ames Double Descent 12 His business was to Save and not Invade. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 187 The same Ambition can destroy or save. 1781 W. Cowper Charity 226 Oh, 'tis a godlike privilege to save! 1848 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 626 Britain's daughters!.. Ye, for meet help and solace made, Go forth to cheer, to bless, to save! 1861 W. Whiting in W. H. Monk Hymns Anc. & Mod. ccxxii Eternal Father, strong to save. 1968 B. G. Glasser & A. L. Strauss Time for Dying vi. 104 The inept suicide case that ends up on an emergency ward can cause consternation among the staff—to save or not to save. 2006 D. Hopkins in G. Yeffeth Man from Krypton 17 ‘Superman is a guy with powers who saves people.’ Superman saves. e. transitive. To rescue (property) from shipwreck, fire, etc.; to salvage. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > property from fire, etc. redd1487 save1582 salve1706 salvage1889 c1400 Burgh Laws (Bute) c. 21 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Sav(e Gyf a schyp be brokyn..the men ar haldyn to saufe als mykyl of the gudes as thai may. 1405 in H. M. Flasdieck Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1926) 39 Sir Roger shal graunte for hym and for his heirs, ȝif ony Burgeis or Comuners of the forsaid towne..fyrst fynde and holych saue ony thyng of wrek of the see that paseth the value of xxti s...of eche xxti s. so founden, ij s. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. xli. 95 There was kindled in the same [ship] a great fire, so that nothing was saued, but onely the men. 1615 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 73 The fyre was so vehement that littell or nothing was saved. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. i. 141 Go, go, be gone, to saue your Ship from wrack. View more context for this quotation 1756 Mag. of Mag. Jan. 52/1 The third day the fire continued, and great numbers went to see what effects could be saved. 1787 J. A. Park Syst. Law Marine Insurances 141 Whereas the circumstance of the lighters being saved, and the ship lost, was accidental. 1803 Sydney Gaz. 12 Mar. To be Sold... The Effects saved from the Wreck of the Schooner... Consisting of Rigging, Sails Canvas [etc.]. 1847 Amer. Whig Rev. June 590/1 To the aid of some night herds in the wood we owe the small portion of our goods that were saved from the flames. 1878 M. W. Hungerford Molly Bawn xxxviii I saved them [sc. diamonds] from the fire.., and have had them re-set. 1936 Freeport (Illinois) Jrnl.-Standard 2 July 1/7 Mrs. Bardell saved some papers and documents from an upstairs room, but flames prevented her from making another trip to the upper story. 1947 R. Bradbury in Harper's Mag. Mar. 208/2 He ran downstairs, got the pass-key, a silver fork, and the three pieces of colored glass he had saved from the shattered window. 2009 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 10 Dec. 26 If your house or office was burning down, what's the one thing you would save? f. transitive. To preserve or protect (a species, feature of the environment, etc.) from extinction or destruction, esp. owing to human activity. Frequently in imperative, as a slogan in environmentalist campaigns, as save the whale, etc.; such slogans can also be used attributively to denote such a campaign or things relating to it. ΚΠ 1907 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 28 Dec. 5/1 (heading) To save the whale... Scientific men fear that the species will be exterminated. 1925 Boys' Life May 25/3 Wake up, boys of America..and let your slogan be: save the wild flowers of America! 1972 New Scientist 15 June 643/1 The occasion was a save-the-whale rally. 1989 Vegetarian Times Jan. 4/1 When you start getting into things like..saving the rainforests or anything else that smacks of personal ethics, it's almost like talking about religion and politics at the same time. 2008 T. Sanders Saving World at Work iv. 33 None has embraced it [sc. the environment] more than today's youth, raised on recycling and save-the-planet campaigns. 3. †a. transitive. To restore (a person) to health; to cure (a disease); to heal (a wound). Also in figurative contexts. Cf. salve v.¹ 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person or part wholeeOE healc1000 betterOE i-sundienc1175 salvea1225 botenc1225 savea1250 warishc1250 recurea1382 curec1384 mendc1390 remedya1470 cheerc1540 loosea1637 to pull through1816 rehab1973 a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Lamb.) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 187 (MED) Nes hit for to sauuin seke inne sunne? a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 He is solsecle, to sauue ys forsoht. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 387 He was hard i-holde with a strong sikenesse, and myȝte nouȝt be i-heled noþer i-saved wiþ no manere medecyne [L. nulla medicina potuit curari]. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. l. 932 Bot as a man that wolde him save, Whan he is sek, be medicine. a1425 Shrewsbury Fragm. in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 3 (MED) Why suffred he so forto dy, Sithe he may all sekenes saue? c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2558 My-self with a serop sall saue [a1500 Trin. Dublin safe] ȝow be-lyue. c1475 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Caius) l. 3650 Lechyng good shall y haue, That shall my wounde hele and saue. b. transitive. To prevent the loss of (an injured or infected limb, or other part of the body) by medical intervention; spec. to avoid the need for the amputation of. ΚΠ a1500 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Wellcome) f. 27 So þat me behovethe to kytt all þe lyme as þe fote in yontoure for to saue [L. saluarem] þe legge. 1639 J. Woodall Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 404 It may be feared justly, that the limbe although the party live, will hardly or never be saved. 1672 R. Wiseman Treat. Wounds ii. 90 If the Toes with part of the foot was shot off, cut off the lacerated parts smooth, but with care to save as much of the foot with the heel as you can. 1759 G. Neale tr. Mem. Royal Acad. Surg. Paris III. iv. 163 Mr. Faure..undertook the amputation in the joint, hoping to save the leg. 1795 J. Bell Disc. Nature & Cure Wounds iii. ii. 62 When the ancle joint is laid open,..it is almost impossible to save the foot, it had better be cut off. 1842 Provinc. Med Jrnl. 15 285/2 The latter operation..gave us a prospect of saving the leg. 1880 Ld. Tennyson Ballads & Other Poems 88 But they said too of him He was happier using the knife than in trying to save the limb. 1944 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. Apr. 86 All the toes of his right foot had to be amputated to save the leg. 1993 New Republic 16 Aug. 40/3 If I had made it twenty minutes sooner, they would have been able to inject nicotinic acid and save the eye. c. transitive. To prevent (a sick or injured person) from dying by medical intervention. Cf. to save a person's life at Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > of mortal sickness save1615 1615 R. Cocks Diary 28 Sept. (1883) I. 63 Soe our chirurgion was sent for to assist the Duch chirurgion to save the [wounded] man, yf it were possible. 1703 tr. A. de Ovalle Hist. Relation Chile i. ii. 6/1 He was brought to our House, and the Physician being call'd, said, he was a Dead Man, and nothing could save him. 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 109 It is better for the Surgeon's own sake to try these doubtful means, rather than suffer the patient to perish without any attempt to save him. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xli. 372 Her own little boy was saved, actually saved, by calomel, freely administered, when all the physicians in Paris had given the dear child up. 1868 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. Jan. 178 Under this system many feeble and even sick infants were saved by prompt care and attention. 1908 Illinois Med. Jrnl. July 46 He was secondarily infected to such an extent that I thought I would be unable to save him. 1956 Treatm. Chem. Warfare Casualties (Dept. Army, Navy, & Air Force) iv. 42 If treatment has been too long delayed, death may occur in spite of efforts to save the patient. 2011 Daily Tel. 11 Apr. 13/4 Doctors said she might have been saved by getting faster treatment. 4. transitive. Of a thing: to serve as a means of protection, defence, or preservation for (a person or thing). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > rescue or deliver (from) [verb (transitive)] > be means of deliverance to save?c1250 ?c1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 110 (MED) Ne miitte us saui castel, tur, ne halle. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2174 An wal..hom to saui fram alle tene. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 90 (MED) Some wil haue also no viser To saue his face, but only a naser. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 71 Couert of treis sawit him full weille. 1543 R. Grafton Contin. in Chron. J. Hardyng f. lii^v A goodly glose, by the whiche that place that maie defend a thefe, maie not saue an innocent. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. 267 The wals were not able to save them. 1690 J. Sharp Serm. St. Margaret's Westm. 36 This is indeed the only Plank we have to trust to, that can save us from Shipwrack. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lxvii. 308 But it shall not save you. The very sunshine you live in, is a prelude to your dissolution. 1811 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (ed. 3) 701 The brilliant plumes of the royal goose do not save it from destruction, the flesh being exquisite. 1893 T. R. R. Stebbing Hist. Crustacea vi. 59 The strength of its shell does not save it from the gulls and crows. 1940 P. Loomis For her C-h-e—ild's Sake ii. 87 Nothing can save you now. 2008 Backpacker Oct. 98/2 Just don't rely on a cell alone to save you... You might not get a signal. 5. a. (a) transitive. To preserve or maintain (one's honour, reputation, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > specifically an immaterial thing savec1300 salve1596 c1300 St. Sebastian (Laud) 28 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 179 (MED) Ich ȝaf þe mest power to holden op min honour and to saui it fer and ner. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 527 My worschipe to saue. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11232 Right sua al plain,..he com and yede, Saufand his moder hir maidenhede. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 338 Wyrk yhe then apon swylk wys That ȝour honour be sawyt ay. ?1531 R. Barnes Supplic. Kinge Henrye VIII f. liij^v Yt wylle be harde for my lorde of Rochester to saue his honestye. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. i. 26 Thus will I saue my Credite in the shoote. View more context for this quotation 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 148 Who to save the reputation of the Virgin, confessed that he came to rob the house. 1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. ii. xi. sig. P7^v 'Twould be much easier for the mistaken Physitian to save his Credit, than for the unprepar'd Sinner to save his Soul. 1734 A. Pope Epist. to Visct. Cobham 5 Must then at once (the Character to save) A plain, rough Hero turn a crafty Knave? 1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxvi. 58 If you would hope to save the wretched remains of a ruined reputation. 1851 E. Bulwer-Lytton Not so Bad ii. i. 29 The loan saved my credit, and made my fortune. 1873 Our Boys & Girls Sept. 607/1 Rose will be a home girl, Miss Churchill. The credit of our family will be saved. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxi. 91 It only required a little more persuasion, just enough to save his self-respect. 2010 Union Leader (Manchester, New Hampsh.) (Nexis) 10 Oct. 1 The airline could have saved its reputation and image by simply listening. †(b) transitive. In past participle in a postmodifying (occasionally also premodifying) non-finite clause: preserving safe and intact, without detriment to, reserving. Frequently in my (also his, etc.) honour saved. Cf. saving prep. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [verb (transitive)] > accept respectfully to take awortha1387 save?a1475 ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. 79 That he wolde submitte hym to his grace, his honoure and crowne of his realme salvede. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 52 And þus he may lefuly, sauid his ordre. 1487 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1487 §8. m. 4 Saved alwey to youre grace..of the seid fee ferme .xviij. li. .v. s. 1539 in W. A. J. Archbold Somerset Rel. Houses (1892) 71 We haue determyned (your lordeshippes pleasure savyd) to differ the same vnto our return. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 58^v I haue aunswered your custome, least you should argue me of coynesse, no otherwise then I might mine honour saued, and your name vnknowen. 1627 W. Duncomb tr. V. d'Audiguier Tragi-comicall Hist. our Times 95 I had your blood with so feeling a sorrow, that, my honour saved, I would willingly give you as much of mine to satisfie you. 1764 T. Mortimer New Hist. Eng. I. vii. 595/2 He could not purchase too dearly (his honour saved) a freedom which might enable him to restore peace to his kingdom. †(c) transitive. Scottish. In the infinitive with prepositional sense: without prejudice or detriment to, with due regard for; = save prep. 1. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 173 ‘Schyr’, said he,..‘To sauff ȝour presence, it [is] nocht swa.’ 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cv^v And grant the frekis on fold farar to fall Baith thair honouris to saif. †b. transitive. To keep or observe (a duty or obligation). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > observance or carrying out a promise, law, etc. > observe or carry out a promise, law, etc. [verb (transitive)] behold971 i-haldOE yemec1000 usec1300 observec1391 savea1393 conservec1425 keep1479 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 1300 Wherof I can noght bothe save My speche and this obedience. a1450 York Plays (1885) 287 (MED) Oure sabbotte he [sc. Jesus] saues not, but sadly assente To wirke. a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) l. 538 (MED) All þai aw be day & night To saue þis rewle in all þer myght. c. transitive. To abide by, fulfil (an oath or promise). Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > promise or vow [verb (transitive)] > preserve the credit of (one's promise) savec1405 c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 768 I hadde wel leuere ystiked for to be..But if ye sholde youre trouthe kepe and saue. c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 59 I sall safe myn athe wele ynoghe. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 268 I muste ryde with this damesel for to save my promyse. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 218^v (margin) The feithfulnesse of Demetrius towarde Mithridates his frend sauyng his othe vpright. 1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 i. ii. 17 + 2 Ile shew your grace the waie to saue your oath. 1648 E. Sherburne in tr. Seneca Medea 108 The God to save his oath caus'd one of his fingers to be bound with a hoope or Ring of Iron. 1681 M. D. Brief Hist. Life Mary Queen of Scots 19 Thousands of your Majesties most Leige and Loving Subjects..can neither discharge their love, nor well save their Oaths, if your Majesty shall keep her alive. 1747 S. Richardson Clarissa I. xvi. 94 Away I went—to find my brother, to save my word. ?1786 W. Huntington Naked Bow of God 35 He..rode furiously in his way home, that he might save his oath, and execute his promise. 1804 W. Mavor Universal Hist. XI. 116 As soon as Newruz had reached his own country, to save his oath, he sent a kettle tied up in a bag to Baydu. 1864 J. H. Todd St. Patrick 117 The saint.., to save his promise, left a toe of his right foot to be buried in Italy. 1913 Moving Picture World 8 Nov. 612/2 At the end, he getting too impetuous, she has to stab him to death to save her oath. a1973 J. R. R. Tolkien Silmarillion (1977) xix. 167 Those that heard these words perceived that Thingol would save his oath, and yet send Beren to his death. 2001 J. Reston Warriors of God ix. 85 I will have mercy on your people in a way that will save my oath. They will surrender to me as if taken by force. 6. a. transitive. To preserve or keep in good condition (something perishable, esp. a foodstuff); to keep from decaying or spoiling. Now rare (chiefly North American).In quot. a1325 with of. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve from decay, loss, or destruction savea1325 servea1375 conservea1413 observe?1440 support1495 powder1530 reserve1555 incorrupt1890 a1325 Diuersa Cibaria in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 56 Her þou miht ywiten þe maner hou þou schalt maken diuers potages & metes & sauen veneson of rastischipe [= rancidness]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. lxxxi. 867 Of pouder is oignement ymade þat kepeþ and saueþ dede bodies. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) xii. 308 Baskettis of seggis..So they be thykke, and saue their recluse. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 507 After that, it ought to be dried in the Sun, and saued in a brasen box. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 33 They [sc. the fish] are saued three maner of wayes: by fuming, pressing, or pickelling. 1662 Act 13 & 14 Chas. II c. 26 All Butter shall be salted and saved with small Salt. 1728 A. Pope Dunciad i. 121 There sav'd by spice, like mummies, many a year, Old Bodies of Philosophy appear. 1825 H. Putnam Touches on Agric. (ed. 2) 39 I have seldom tasted a good pickle, that was saved in salt, and I see no economy in it. 1850 W. Gere Let. 30 Jan. in Documents Assembly State of N.Y., 73rd Session VIII. No. 184. 44 Your solar salt is equal to the tide-water salt in all respects as to saving meats &c. 1873 M. Carroll Seal & Herring Fisheries Newfoundland 38 I always endeavoured to make myself thoroughly acquainted with the best and surest way of saving Herring. a1910 G. S. Wasson in Amer. Speech (1979) 54 99 Ten pounds of salt to save a deck of mackerel. 2010 T. L. Schmidt Venison Wisdom Cookbk. x. 92 (heading) Save meat with citric acid. b. intransitive. Chiefly North American. Of something perishable, esp. a foodstuff: to remain in good condition, to last without spoiling; = keep v. 41. Now rare. ΚΠ 1682 S. Wilson Acct. Province Carolina 13 Beef will take salt at Ashly-River any Month in the Year, and save very well. 1835 Cultivator Mar. 37/1 Partially cured, and mixed in the barn with barley straw, in alternate layers, it [sc. lucern] saves well, and very much improves the straw. 1847 Knickerbocker Apr. 378 Our General-Inspector may pack one barrel of beef, but it will not save, unless the salt is applied to its usage, and then the beef will save itself. 1870 New Eng. Farmer Sept. 425/2 Hay in a five or ten hundred pound stack will save well when it is so green that it would spoil in a thirty hundred pound stack. 1917 R. S. Bradley Cook Bk., Helpful Recipes for War Time 5 Do not stint sugar in putting up fruit and jams. They will save better. 2009 D. Virtue & J. Ross Art of Raw Living Food 87 The sauce saves for up to 5 days in the refrigerator. 7. transitive. With from (also †of, †out of). To protect (a person) from a likely misfortune or something which would be unwelcome or untoward; to provide with immunity from a potential hurt or annoyance. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve (a person) from anything unpleasant savec1325 spare1681 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 8839 (MED) In trauail he was..of þoȝte..Vor to saui [v.r. sauye] poueremen vram richemenne vnriȝt. c1325 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 147 (MED) Of mi sorwe yhe may me sauen. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 23 (MED) Þat on Clothing is from Chele ow to saue. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2985 (MED) Fra toche of hir i saued þe, þat þou suld not sin in me. c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 99 (MED) In all maner of lettirs he saued [Fr. sauva] his people fro sodeyn feer. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 293 Þonkyng hym þat sauid hym wyth hys blessing from poysynnyng. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lv. 186 The good harneys saued Huon fro all hurtes. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 698/1 I save one from daunger, as harnesse doth ones persone, or as medecyne, or preservatyve dothe ones helth, je contregarde. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. ii. sig. O7 But Zelmanes comming saued Dorus from further chiding. 1603 J. Davies Microcosmos Ded. 29 I..That willingly (to saue thee from annoy Of dire dislike, for ingratuitee) Do take vpon me to expresse thy ioy. 1655 J. Shirley Gentleman of Venice i. i. 5 Mal... In the mean time lend me the trifling Duccats... Cor. Not a Muccinigo To save thee from the Gallies. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 585 I saved my self out of those difficulties by saying to all my friends, that I would not be involved in any such confidence. 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 746 Yet neither these delights, nor aught beside..Can save us always from a tedious day, Or shine the dulness of still life away. 1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 226 He saved me from much interruption and many annoying questions. 1855 Harper's Mag. June 95/1 I am obliged to go posthaste to destruction, if only to save myself from dying of ennui. 1908 G. B. Shaw Let. 29 June (1972) II. 793 You can imagine how the honest Pitmanite who was asked to decipher it..believed that he had saved me from a fearful scandal. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Dec. 753/1 To save his family from being ‘smeared’ by ‘left-wingers and pinkoes’ he decides to use the pseudonym Victor J. Fox. 2008 E. Harrison Best Girl 235 She'd saved me from a fate worse than death—being dateless. †8. transitive. To refrain from killing (a person or animal); to allow to live, to spare. Frequently in collocation with slay. Also intransitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > compassion > feel pity for [verb (transitive)] > have mercy upon sparec825 milceeOE arec1000 i-milcec1000 to have (also take) mercy on (also upon, of)a1225 to show (also do) mercy (to)a1225 methec1225 savea1382 miltha1400 tender1442 to take to (also into) mercy1523 mercify1596 bemercy1660 to give (or cut) (a person) some slack1968 the mind > emotion > compassion > feel pity or compassion [verb (intransitive)] > have mercy > show mercy sparea1225 savea1382 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve alive or spare the life of reservea1382 savea1382 preservea1393 reprise?1567 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Deut. xx. 11 Ȝif..þou comest nyȝ to acite to been ouercome: ferst þou shalt offre to hit pees, ȝif he..opene to þe þe ȝatys: al þe peple þat is in hit shal be saued [L. salvabitur] & shal serue to þee vnder tribute. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 3425 (MED) Where him hapneth the victoire, His lust and al his moste gloire Was forto sle and noght to save. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 1988 (MED) We schal noon of hem saue, But cruely take on hem vengaunce. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. iv. 52 Whan he sauyth the lyf of them that he may slee. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 256 Wallace commaundede thai suld na wermen saiff. a1525 Bk. Chess l. 1033 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I In batall is mor worschipe..To wyn & saif than for to sla all dovne. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 79 I ordand ȝou to slay doune al the romans and nocht to saif ane of them. 1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) iv. xvi. 586 To saue or slay the Sparow that he holdeth closed in his hand. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. vii. 115 And therefore yet relent, and saue my life. View more context for this quotation 1642 Laws of War Army Earl Essex 20 None shall save a man that hath his offensive Armes in his hands, upon paine of losing his prisoner. 1743 H. Fielding Misc. I. 5 Virtue another Path had bid thee find, Taught thee to save, and not to slay Mankind. 1850 B. Sears Luther 190 Save or slay, call or recall, approve or disapprove, as it shall best please you. 1890 H. M. Stanley In Darkest Afr. II. 260 He came in and said that he had come to throw himself at our feet to be slain or saved. 9. a. transitive. To protect or guard (something) from damage, loss, or destruction. Frequently with from. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] werea900 savea1387 preservea1393 restraina1398 recurec1450 withsavea1542 excuse1653 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 429 And so þe strokes were i-lette, and þe walles i-saved. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 900 Ȝyf ȝe do þus goddys heste, He saueþ [Fr. gardera] ȝoure vynys fro þe tempest. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 39 Hys hall was yche day of the ȝere new strawed..forto saue knyghtys cloþys þat setton on þe flore. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique ii. f. 65 Fonde is his purpose that beinge in the rayne, casteth his garmente in a Bushe, and standeth naked him selfe, for sauynge the glosse of his gaye coate. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. xii. 63 A Ferril of Brass may be put thereon to save the Head from cleaving. 1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 15 To save the Powder from too rude a Gale. 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 312 But Cl–nt–ns glaive frae rust to save He hung it to the wa', man. 1835 ‘S. Oliver’ Rambles Northumberland 106 A weise is a circular pad, commonly made of an old stocking, but sometimes merely a wreath of straw or grass, to save the head from the pressure of the pail. 1841 P. Masters Young Cook's Assistant 26 You may burn the sugar in a large iron spoon, as it will save the stew-pan. 1886 P. G. Ebbutt Emigrant Life Kansas 54 We..were only just in time to save the whole place from destruction, by burning a sufficiently wide piece of grass off, and thus stopping the rush of fire. 1907 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 97 Over-exposed prints may possibly be saved by further diluting the developer. 1960 Times 7 Mar. 8/3 It is hoped..to save the Temples from inundation by means of an earth and rock-fill dam. 2006 D. Meyer Setting Table (2008) i. 20 I managed to save the cake, but I was unable to brush off all the ashes before applying the frosting. †b. transitive. To keep (property) from becoming lost or from passing into another's hands; to hold in safe keeping. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > keep (property) from being lost save1389 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 81 Also, ye skyueyns of ye gylde yat hauen ye catel in hande, scholene fynden borwes to ye alderman, for to sauen ye catel, and for to bringe it forht at ye general morspeche, wyht-outen ani lettyng. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. x. l. 272 When þy lord lokeþ to haue a-louaunce for hus bestes, And of þe monye þow haddist þer-myd hus meoble to saue. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Tim. vi. 20 O Timothe save that which is geven the to kepe. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. i. ii. 15 The realme of latynis and troianis was sauffit to þis childe Ascanius be prudent tutorie of lavinia his moder. †c. transitive. To make (a place) secure. Obsolete. ΚΠ ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 294 (MED) Þe toun he suld so saue þat he suld not ascape. †d. transitive. To have custody of (a person). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > have (a person) in safe keeping savec1405 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Physician's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 200 I deme anon this cherl his seruant haue Thou shalt no lenger in thyn hous hir saue. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 1670 She was Iput for mor surete With hir vncle, that sholde keepe & saue This seid[e] maide. 1607 (?a1425) Moses & Law (Harl. 2124) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mills Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. App. 478 In a whalles bellye three dayes saved I was. 10. transitive. Law (originally and chiefly Scots Law). Chiefly with to or unto. To reserve (a right or possession) for a person. Chiefly in present participle. Now rare. ΚΠ 1389 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 16 That the forsayde schyr Jon sall gyf to the forsaide Doncane..al hys land of Kylmanyne saufand til the forsayde schyr Jon hys tenandrys [etc.]. 1477 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1885) VIII. 403 To be haldin..to the said Johne and Agnes..saulfing alanerly to ws and oure successouris the cariage of samekl of the saidis landis as the said Johne and Agnes occupiis [etc.]. ?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton i. sig. aviii^v By the comyn wele of a londe is saued al synguler prouffytes and vtylytees. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xviii^v Yf a man let lande to another for terme of lyfe..sauynge to hym the reuercyon. 1571 Act 13 Eliz. c. 29 §6 Savinge to all and every person or persons..all such Rightes..w^ch they..had, might or should have had, of, in or to any the Mannors Lordshippes [etc.]. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 43 Saifeand alwise the service to the other over-lord, for the lands haldin of him. 1620 J. Wilkinson Treat. Statutes conc. Coroners & Sherifes (new ed.) 3 Alwaies saving to the King and to other Lords their Seigniories and Franchises. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. x. §648. 277 The Lord doth grant the rent unto a stranger saving unto him his seignory. 1777 Act to prevent Waste, Destr. & Embezzlement Goods or Estates in Charters & Gen. Laws Mass. App. xliv. 810 Saving alway unto any person aggrieved at any sentence..an appeal unto the supreme court. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. i. v. 23 We find a clause..introduced saving the king's rights. 1918 Northwest Reporter 164 370/2 Saving always the right to object to the jurisdiction of the court. 11. transitive. With adjectival complement (as sound, unhurt, whole, etc.). To keep or preserve in the specified state. Now rare.to save harmless: see harmless adj. 2. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5037 Lauerd..Sauue mi childir hale to me. a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 2827 Þer ne is peny nor pownde Þat any of ȝou schal saue sownde. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 223 (MED) Ane angell..opynd þe dure and savid þe seale hale at Saynt Remigius sett on itt. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xviii. 27 When the wycked man turneth awaye from his wickednesse..he shal saue his soule alyue. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 225 To saue vnscratch'd your Citties threatned cheekes. View more context for this quotation 1785 W. Cowper Task i. 566 Which, kindled with dry leaves, just saves unquench'd The spark of life. 1846 T. H. Key Lat. Gram. 278 I could have saved him unhurt for his parent Daunus [L. Dauno possem incolumem servare parenti]. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 48 To save her dear lord whole from any wound. 1998 M. Eldridge Transforming Experience p. x The one who initially encouraged me in the effort to save Dewey whole was Ralph Sleeper. †12. transitive. Scottish. In the infinitive with prepositional sense: except for, with the exception of; = save prep. 2, saving prep. 1a. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > except or excepting savec1330 out-takenc1384 saving1386 other thana1425 savea1500 reserving1541 salvo1601 to set aside1610 abstracting from1614 save fora1616 sans1659 exclude1720 aside from1818 saufc1844 out-taking1848 secludinga1851 a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 1600 For nane þar gouernalle þar had, To sauff barnnys of ȝoutheide. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iv. l. 1170 Al þe cite þan fande þai Withe þar fais nere wptane, To sauff þe Capitalle allane. 13. †a. intransitive and transitive (reflexive). To avoid loss. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > be victorious [verb (intransitive)] > avoid loss save1548 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (intransitive)] > avoid financial loss save1696 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxxix^v So both parties, rather myndyng to gain or saue, then to lose, departed for that tyme. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxlj^v Thenglishemen sometyme saued, and sometyme gained, but the moste losse lighted on the Frenchemen. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) A Tradesman is said to save himself that neither gets nor loses. b. transitive. Gambling. To avoid or prevent the loss of (a wager or stake). ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. iv. 94 The description Of what is in her Chamber, nothing saues The wager you haue laid. View more context for this quotation 1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester v. 76 An endless end of the Game, both Gamesters saving their Stakes. 1714 E. Ward Field-spy 19 Now Doctor mind, put in and save the Game. 1823 E. Weatherby & J. Weatherby Racing Cal. 15 209 The second horse saved his Stake. 1874 M. Symington Bessie Gordon's Story iv. 18 The passion and the eloquence were to save his wager, and not to win her. 1904 G. Stratton-Porter Freckles xii. 261 The Angel would try to get the Boss there in time to save his wager. 2010 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 2 June 54 Odds of 5-1 are about right. Each-way should save the stake. c. transitive. Chiefly Sport. To prevent the loss of (a game or match), esp. by achieving a draw when defeat had seemed likely; (Cricket) to prevent the loss of (a wicket). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > prevent loss of game save1748 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > prevent loss of wicket save1748 1748 E. Hoyle Short Treat. Game Whist (ed. 8) xvi. 68 Unless the gaining of 2 Tricks gives you a Chance either to save your Lurch or to win and save the Game. 1775 New Articles Game of Cricket 11 If a striker nips a Ball up just before him, he may fall before his Wicket, or pop down his Bat, before it comes to the Wicket, to save it. 1837 D. Walker Games & Sports 217 The striker..must never follow a ball so far that, in case of no runs being obtained, he cannot return to save his wicket. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. vi. 389 The Marylebone men..are working like horses now to save the match. 1862 London Society Aug. 114/1 As to his bowling, it might have saved the game. 1901 Empire Rev. July 640 He ought not to be allowed to save his wicket with the leg when the bowler has fairly beaten him with perhaps the best ball he can bowl. 1952 Times 3 July 4/1 After an early break of service he reached 3–1 and very nearly 4–1, when Flam saved the game gloriously, winning five points running. 1989 Hobart (Austral.) Mercury (Nexis) 20 May His second delivery completely deceived Cook, the batsman jamming down just in time to save his wicket. 2006 B. George & L. Hardy Bobby Dazzler x. 131 Doug was left with double top to beat me but I saved the match. d. transitive. Horse Racing slang. To hedge so as to protect (a person, esp. oneself, or one's bets) from loss, or so as to recover (a certain sum) out of one's losses (upon a horse). Also intransitive: to hedge one's bets. Cf. hedge v. 8. Now rare. ΚΠ 1839 New Sporting Mag. Oct. 248 The dead heat saved many a book and man. 1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ O.V.H. xx And even his lordship began to grudge that he had not just saved his book upon him [sc. a horse] in consonance with the Major's advice. 1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ O.V.H. xx Most who received the news at least saved themselves upon the outsider. 1882 Sydney Slang Dict. 7/2 A. and B. have backed different horses, and they agree that in the event of either one winning he shall give the other, say, £5. This is called ‘saving a fiver’. 1968 M. B. Scott Racing Game 40 Dick, if your horse went with the favorite for half a mile and then you, Harry, picked him up at the far turn, the favorite would be a dead duck. And if I can get home with Slow Bones, I'll be glad to ‘save’ with you boys. e. transitive. Baseball. Of a relief pitcher: to finish (a game) while preserving a winning position gained by another pitcher. Cf. save n.² 2b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > actions of pitcher pitch1848 curve1877 to put over1891 scatter1892 save1899 to put across1903 walk1905 fan1909 plunk1909 southpaw1911 whiff1914 sidearm1921 sidearm1922 outpitch1928 blow1938 hang1967 wild pitch1970 1899 Outing June 300/2 He saved two games for Illinois by going in at critical times, and pitched like a veteran. 1920 C. M. Hamilton Seen on Stage iii. 17 Christopher Mathewson was called upon in the ninth inning to save a game that hung tremulously in the balance. 1971 H. Seymour Baseball v. xxii. 438 Relief pitcher Fred ‘Firpo’ Marberry saved many a game with his blinding fast ball. 1989 D. Okrent & S. Wulf Baseball Anecd. ii. 105 Moore became the prototype of the modern relief pitcher, winning 19 and saving 15 of the 50 games in which he appeared. 2011 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 18 Apr. 60 Mariano Rivera..has saved or won eight of the Yankees' victories. 14. transitive. To be in time for; to manage to catch. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > provide occasion or opportunity [verb (transitive)] > just be in time for nicka1664 save1665 1665 S. Pepys Diary 19 Oct. (1972) VI. 271 So back to my office, and there till past one before I could get all these letters and papers copied out, which vexed me, but so sent them away without hopes of saving the post. 1738 J. Swift Reasons humbly Offered in Polit. Tracts II. 260 Being wise enough to foresee a Restoration, they seized the Forts and Castles here..; just saving the Tide, and putting in a Stock of Merit, sufficient..to preserve [etc.]. 1807 J. T. Ross Let. 2 Dec. in Series Lett. First Earl Malmesbury (1870) II. 66 I had but just time to save the coach, to write to your Lordship the few lines I sent this morning. 1833 I. Taylor Fanaticism vi. 203 That they may save the hour of..appointment. 1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. vii. 163 There arises a question whether under such circumstances the train can be saved. 1902 Punch 20 Aug. 117/2 I'll just save the mail if I quit now. †15. transitive. To make (a dangerous voyage) safely. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > perform or accomplish by sailing > a dangerous voyage save1698 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 77 This holds with little intermission till..the first Full Moon in August; when our Europe Ships, if they save their Passage about the Cape, venture to make in here. 1787 J. A. Park Syst. Law Marine Insurances 310 It was still doubtful whether the ship would or would not save her passage. 16. Computing. a. transitive. To preserve (data or a program) by copying from main memory to a hard drive or other storage medium, allowing subsequent retrieval as required; to replace (a file on a storage medium) with a changed version residing in main memory. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > data > database > use data [verb (transitive)] > store store1909 write1946 save1961 to back up1967 to read in1970 archive1979 1961 Proc. National Symp. Machine Transl. (U.S.) 328 The information cell of the matching text form is saved. 1979 Personal Computer World Nov. 49/1 To save programs they must first be moved out of the way of the DOS, control switched back to the 6502, 65DOS booted in and finally the program saved. 1989 InfoWorld 3 Apr. 82/1 No autosave feature is provided, making it quite easy to lose data if you don't remember to save regularly. 1992 MacWeek 16 Nov. 155/1 Drivers that let users save documents as Portable Document Files (PDF). 1997 P. Cornwell Unnatural Exposure ii. 40 I printed the file and saved it on my A drive, fearful it would somehow vanish before my eyes. 2010 Toronto Star (Nexis) 9 Dec. g1 All versions saved in the previous 30 days are available to be restored. b. intransitive. Of data or a program: to be preserved by copying from main memory to a hard drive or other storage medium, allowing subsequent retrieval as required. Of a file or storage medium: to be replaced by a changed version residing in main memory. ΚΠ 1992 D. Gookin Hard Disk Managem. with DOS 5 (ed. 3) xvii. 296 If the file won't save, try saving it under a different name. 2006 Red Nation Black World 29 Waiting for..a document to save or..print will send people into an absolute frenzy. 2009 Middlesbrough Evening Gaz. (Nexis) 21 Jan. 2 Chris is the first line of support for problems—from a document that won't save to an interactive whiteboard that doesn't work. II. To reserve or lay aside; to accrue, keep. 17. a. transitive. To keep and store up instead of spending or using, esp. over time; (chiefly) spec. to accumulate (money) by regularly setting aside a portion of one's income, now typically by depositing sums in a bank or building society account, purchasing savings certificates, etc. Cf. to save up 2 at Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > use sparingly or frugally [verb (transitive)] > save savec1390 to save up1796 the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve > by dint of economy spelec1175 savec1390 hain?1507 to save up1796 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > put money aside savec1390 to save up1721 sock1942 c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. viii. l. 27 Treuþe..Bad hem Bugge Boldely what hem best lykede, And seþþen sullen hit a-ȝeyn And saue þe wynnynge. c1500 How Good Wife taught her Daughter (Ashm.) l. 170 Þei..Þat wyll thryue and þer gode saue. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. iii. 40 I haue fiue hundred Crownes, The thriftie hire I saued vnder your Father. View more context for this quotation 1743 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews (ed. 3) II. iii. iii. 43 I had,..during the Time I was in his Service, saved a few Guineas. 1753 S. Johnson Adventurer No. 84. ⁋14 A nobleman's butler, who has furnished a shop with the money he has saved. 1815 He must be Married i. i, in New Briit. Theatre IV. 235 I used to tie up every farthing I got, in the foot of an old stocking, and save it for a rainy day. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Dora in Poems (new ed.) II. 35 But Dora stored what little she could save, And sent it them by stealth. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vi. 95 He was able to save money for his son's education. 1914 Kelso Chron. 11 Dec. 4 I have heard several old shepherds say that when young they made a struggle to save money for a pack. 1948 BIllboard 21 Aug. 103/3 A number of the regular vender customers have saved enough coupons to obtain premiums. 1972 A. S. Neill Neill! Neill! Orange Peel! ii. 238 Today, I don't see the young..saving money. It burns a hole in their pockets. 2010 J. Keene & H. Levin In with Devil iv. 60 They would eat out every day because she was too lazy to cook. That's why they never saved a penny. b. intransitive. To keep and store up resources instead of spending or using them; (chiefly) spec. to accumulate money by regularly setting aside a portion of one's income, now typically by depositing sums in a bank or building society account, purchasing savings certificates, etc. Cf. to save up 1 at Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > be sparing or frugal [verb (intransitive)] > save savea1450 scrape1552 to save up1715 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] savea1450 to stand upon ——1603 niggle1630 manage1649 the mind > possession > supply > storage > be stored [verb (intransitive)] > store > save or reserve savea1450 a1450 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1931) 159 89 (MED) Set & sawe if þou wil hafe. a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 316 (MED) Kype and save, and thou schalle have. 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) III. 43 Gett and saif and thow sall haif Len and grant And thow sall want. 1595 T. Lodge Fig for Momus sig. H^v Counsell, how to spend, and saue. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue 139 For it is not alwayes fit for a Gentleman to saue; nor for a poore man to spend. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. ii. iii. 410 Whatever industry might acquire, if parsimony did not save and store up, the capital would never be the greater. View more context for this quotation 1859 S. Smiles Self-help ix. 234 Add guinea to guinea; scrape and save; and the pile of gold will gradually rise. 1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. ix. 86 It is idle to say that the better-paid working men cannot save. 1916 War Savings Oct. 16/1 Men are encouraged to save and help their country by joining the Association. 1961 E. S. Turner Phoney War xx. 292 This was merely an ingenious way of getting people to save. 2007 G. Clark Farewell to Alms ix. 172 Only if interest rates rise to high levels can sufficient numbers of people be persuaded to save rather than consume now. 18. a. transitive. To avoid spending or consuming (money, goods, etc.); to make a saving of (a given amount), esp. on a purchase. Also with indirect object (formerly also with †to): to enable a person to avoid spending or consuming (money, goods, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > avoid spending money savec1390 to save one's pocket1700 hain1862 society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > avoid spending money > enable person to save1539 c1390 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 545 Ki sauuer veut soun doner, Corteis seit de soun manger... He may saue moneye and gete Þat wol be curteys of his mete. 1539 in W. A. J. Archbold Somerset Rel. Houses (1892) 73 Ther will be a great soome of money that shalbe salved to the kinges highnes therbye. 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons f. 6^v And so consequentlie in their whole Armies to saue the pay of a great sort of Captaines..and other Officers. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. iii. 40 Thou hast saued me a thousand Markes in Linkes, and Torches. View more context for this quotation 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 207 The said Ianizare..will easily save a man more then his wages. 1661 S. Pepys Diary 19 Aug. (1970) II. 158 When we came to look for our coach, we find it gone, so we were fain to walk home afoot and saved our money. 1712 J. Swift Proposal for Eng. Tongue 46 You have already saved several Millions to the Publick. 1747 J. Smith Chronicon Rusticum-commerciale II. cxxii. 224 The setting up of Salt Works..saves a great deal of Treasure yearly. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Nov. 406 By carrying this plan into execution, the public..would save not less than four millions per annum. 1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 257 With suitable flues, the saving of fuel is much greater when turf and wood are employed than is the case with coal;..¹/ ₃rd being saved in the case of wood, and ¹/ ₄th only in that of coal. 1861 A. Trollope Framley Parsonage III. i. 13 Mr. Sowerby then got into another cab... Any one else would have saved his shilling, as Mrs. Harold Smith's house was only just across Oxford Street. 1907 Automotor Jrnl. 8 June 794/1 During the fourth lap Mr. Squire still further nursed his vehicle in order to save petrol. 1933 Amer. Boy Sept. 10/1 He saved us the price of a new batting cage by finding some old chicken wire, part of an old baby buggy and recasting it into a serviceable homemade backstop. 1991 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 19 July a10/3 (advt.) Men can save 40% to 50% on selected tailored clothing. 2008 P. Paul Parenting, Inc. i. 40 The chair I ended up buying, which is perfectly safe, saved me over $100. b. transitive. To reduce or minimize (time taken, labour expended, distance to be travelled, etc.); to make a saving of (a specified amount of time, labour, etc.). Also with the person who benefits by this as indirect object. ΘΚΠ the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)] > save or spare time redeem1526 steal1526 spare1548 save?1556 behusband?a1639 retrieve1688 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > avoid or shun > avoid (doing something) > incurring or expending (effort, trouble, etc.) sparea1325 to spare for14.. save?1556 ?1556 L. Digges Tectonicon sig. C.i^v To saue labour, ye may adde some porcion vnto that, and make it square or otherwyse. 1579 in W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue sig. Bii Therefore saue labour for making any further reply hereunto, least you doe but lose your trauaile herein. 1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 74 To chuse time, is to saue time. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. ii. 6 You might haue saued mee my paines, to haue taken it away your selfe. View more context for this quotation 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. 3 Fair weather beginning with the New Moon, made the Captain repent that he had not passed through the Phare of Messina, which would have saved him fifty miles in his course. 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. vi. 189 Would it not be a meritorious Deed..if we saved them the Labour of making Tents? 1793 T. Dawes Let. 29 Apr. in E. E. Ford Notes Life N. Webster (1912) I. 325 I should have saved 20 miles by going over Coy's Hill, but was fearful I should not be able to hire a conveyance [etc.]. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. iv. 70 Edith..baked all the oatmeal cakes, which saved Alice a good deal of time. 1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat 149 We had dispensed with tea, so as to save time. 1922 Official Automobile Blue Bk. 1923 II. 672/2 This [connection] avoids Knoxville and saves 30 miles. 1945 Daily Herald 31 Aug. 2/1 (advt.) Cyder, like many other things, is now zoned to save transport and labour. 1987 D. F. Wallace Broom of Syst. (1993) 260/1 She can weed out the more obviously pathetic or inappropriate submissions, and save me valuable weeding time. 2005 Horse June 127 Although they save time, ready-meals and convenience foods are not the best solution. c. intransitive. To reduce or minimize costs or the use of resources; to reduce expenditure or consumption. Frequently with in, on. ΚΠ a1626 F. Bacon Inquisitions Compounding Metals in Baconiana (1679) 94 Brass Ordinance..saveth both in the quantity of the Material, and in the charge and commodity of mounting & carriage. 1794 A. Young Trav. France (ed. 2) I. xix. 553 Machinery in this mill saves in labour in the proportion of three hands doing the work of eight. 1817 Philos. Mag. 50 180 These engines I am making will save in fuel very materially. 1860 R. W. Emerson in Conduct of Life 136 Self-denial..that saves on superfluities, and spends on essentials. 1894 Electr. World 9 June 770/1 That which saves in the cost of the energy is a saving every day. 1913 Amer. Stationer 5 Apr. 30/1 Eliminating the necessity of carting rail shipments..saves by expediting the freight movement. 1935 Pop. Sci. Feb. 6/2 He bargains for the best in repairs, saves in gas and electricity, and buys only where quality is high and prices low. 1990 Which? June 341/2 All but six of the players have ‘autostop’ at the end of a tape, which saves on batteries. 2003 B. Trapido Frankie & Stankie i. 1 The women are saving on light bulbs and they're knitting balaclavas for the troops. 2004 Proc. 30th Internat. Conf. on very Large Data Bases 1379 Limiting the amount of transmitted data to the positive and negative updates only..saves in network bandwidth. 19. a. transitive. To keep for a particular purpose or some anticipated future use; to set aside, lay by, reserve. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve reservea1382 keepa1400 sparea1400 savea1450 to put by1568 to put aside1569 to set byc1595 sepose1609 seposit1657 to lay aside1711 to set away1747 to lay by1786 to lay (also put) past1847 to put away1861 a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) (1902) l. 1582 Þat euer-ilkon wil of hir laue Þe third part til hir sopper saue. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. D An Emperour of Rome being loth to lose any commodity, that might bee saued, gaue a strayt charge, that euery housholde within the Citie, should saue their vrine. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. v. 7 Good thou, saue me a peece of March-pane. View more context for this quotation 1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. iv. 113 Before you salt your butter you saue a lumpe thereof and put it into a vessell, and so set it into the sunne the space of that moneth. 1675 Accomplish'd Lady's Delight cxxvii. 54 Save a piece of the Paste, and break the rest in pieces. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 159 I saved the Skins of all the Creatures that I kill'd. 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 78 Take..a Bunch of Turnips, pare them, save three or four out, put the rest into the Water. 1845 Visit to Bury St. Edmunds 90 I have one pair [of shoes]; they were almost worn out when father died, and as mother can't buy any more, I save them for Sundays. 1875 Amer. Swine & Poultry Jrnl. Aug. 31/2 I have a fine Bronze gobbler; shall want to buy another hen this fall; save me one if you please. 1913 R. M. Woolley Bread of Eucharist 14 The East Syrians and the West Syrians..both save a portion of the dough at the making of the Eucharistic bread to be mixed with the next making. 1949 Life 19 Sept. 173/1 He'd found the precious bottle in Mombasa two weeks before and had saved it for a special occasion. 1987 N.Y. Times 29 Nov. 87 What do you do with the rest [of the photographs]? The temptation is to save them for a rainy day. 2010 R. Reilly Sports from Hell ii. 31 Let's eat one now and save the other for later. b. transitive. Agriculture and Horticulture. To collect and store (seed) for later sowing. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [verb (transitive)] > collect and store seed save1620 1620 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. V. 23 As good husbands, doe not put all their corne to the ouen, but saue some for seed. 1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden xxiii. 47 The Roots [of Clary]..perish after the Seed-time: it is most usuall to save it; for the Seed seldom riseth of its own shedding. 1718 R. Bradley New Improvem. Planting & Gardening (ed. 2) I. 100 We ought to save Seeds for Sowing and Propagating others, if we hope for Success. 1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry IV. 128 The best way to save the seeds of this plant, is [etc.]. 1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 92 It is feared the bulk of the people will not be able to save seed for next crop. 1835 New Monthly Mag. Nov. 393 Mr. Hickling, of Norfolk, found three extraordinary ears—saved and sowed them—they made a prodigious increase. 1862 Midland Florist Feb. 26/1 Seed saved now produce flowers nearly like the parents. 1910 Times 8 Sept. 3/3 The red clover was, perhaps, the least satisfactory of the crops, though our host had for a generation saved seed of a variety..best adapted to the land. 2001 Org. Gardening Jan. 8/1 The gardener cannot save his own seed and has to purchase it anew each year. c. transitive. Agriculture (chiefly English regional, Irish English, and U.S. regional (southern and south Midland) in later use). To harvest or house (crops); to dry (crops) by exposure to the air; to set up (a haystack or stack of peat or turf) to dry. Cf. win v.³ ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > dry crops in field make1425 win1557 save1719 ted1796 field1844 wilt1971 1655 V. Gookin Author & Case transplanting Irish Vindicated 15 The Lands of Ireland are generally so unapt for Corn,..without many hands to save the Corn, that the first Crop seldome (if ever) makes the Husbandman a Saver. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 139 When it [sc. the corn] was growing and grown, I have observ'd already, how many things I wanted, to Fence it, Secure it, Mow or Reap it, Cure and Carry it Home, Thrash, Part it from the Chaff, and Save it. 1764 Museum Rusticum 1 lxxxiii. 361 The farmers pile them up in one of their offices, with an outside facing of bog turf well saved. 1799 ‘P. Pindar’ Nil Admirari 45 It chanc'd that the Churchwarden, Robin Jay, Had of his meadow not yet sav'd the hay. 1824 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) II. 183 The Northumberland people have an idiom of ‘saving hay’ for ‘making hay’. 1847 in G. N. Jones Florida Plantation Rec. (1927) 273 23 hands saveing foder. 1892 J. Barlow Irish Idylls i. 8 A turf-stack..when newly ‘saved’..looks like a solidified shadow of the little house. 1921 Dial. Notes 5 119 The whole family's a-savin' hay and punkins to-day. 1984 R. Wilder You All spoken Here 131 When a barn of tobacco is saved, it has been harvested and cured without having been destroyed by barn burning, hail, [etc.]. d. transitive. Gold-mining. To extract or collect (gold) from quartz, alluvial deposits, etc. ΚΠ 1853 Sci. Amer. 28 May 295/2 With this machine two men can perform as much work per day as ten by any other process, and save all the gold. 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 69 The gold is easily saved, being clean, angular, and not very small; hence the proportion saved by the mill-process is notably greater than in any other locality in California. 1912 J. Gaston Centennial Hist. Oregon I. 500 The cyanide process of saving fine gold in quartz mill treatment was invented, discovered and proved at Glasgow, Scotland, in 1888. 1944 M. J. O'Reilly Bowyangs & Boomerangs 9 We were compelled to adopt new methods to save the gold, so dry panning, the shaker, and the blower were used. 1999 J. S. Holliday Rush to Riches v. 161 Quartz miners experimented with new techniques to save more gold from their mortars. 20. a. transitive. To be careful or economical in the use of; to conserve by using or consuming sparingly. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use sparingly save1594 1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. F A womans eies are like a paire of pattens fit to saue shooleather in sommer, and to keepe away the cold in winter. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. vii. 160 His youthfull hose well sau'd, a world too wide, For his shrunke shanke. View more context for this quotation 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 71 For I eat sparingly; and sav'd my Provisions (my Bread especially) as much as possibly I could. 1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 25 To avoid burning Day-light, and to save your Master's Candles. 1807 R. Wilson Jrnl. 15 May in Life Gen. Sir R. Wilson (1862) II. vii. 214 Others came on slowly to save their horses and their native leather. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. iii. 90 Every thing—including the carpet and curtains—looked at once well worn and well saved. 1918 School & Home Educ. Feb. 146/2 I can save my shoes by not skating on the soles of them. 1963 Life 12 Apr. (verso title page) He always did his own repairs and even jacked it up at night to save the tires. 2004 G. Jen Love Wife vi. 125 Even in the dead of night, the drivers drove without lights then, to save the bulbs. b. transitive. To use (a part of the body) carefully or sparingly so as to avoid or reduce fatigue or injury, etc.; to reduce the strain on (a person, animal, or body part); (reflexive) to exert oneself less, to expend less effort. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (reflexive)] > avoid exertion save1785 keep1868 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > use carefully or gently favour1526 save1847 1785 G. A. Bellamy Apol. Life III. lxiv. 82 To make use of the theatrical phrase, I never saved myself, but often suffered my feelings to possess me so entirely, as that they deprived me of the power of voice. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. iv. 81 My eyes are getting weak, and I wish to save them as much as possible. 1856 G. J. Whyte-Melville Kate Coventry v. 52 White-Stockings, whom I had ridden down [to the races], to save Brilliant. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Lifted Veil ii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 46/1 Supposing that he wished merely to save her nerves. 1907 B. H. B. Symons-Jeune Art of Punting 17 Beginners..in order to save themselves and ease the strain on their arms..shove crooked and turn the punt round. 1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! xvi. 143 To save the postie's legs I'd an arrangement with'm for my mail to be dropped off in Shug's Bum Boutique. 21. transitive (reflexive). To refrain from romantic or (in later use usually) sexual relationships until married, or until one is with a specific or appropriate partner. Frequently with for. ΚΠ 1862 A. Manning Noble Purpose Nobly Won II. xi. 204 I told her I was saving myself for her, for that I had thought we were more than half engaged already. 1891 Austral. Jrnl. July 592/1 I suppose she does not think you nearly good enough for her. I told you she was saving herself for a duke. 1922 Outlook 5 Apr. 569/1 Girls.., save yourself for ‘Mr. Right’, and don't go to him frayed and ‘marked down’. 1960 G. F. Swarthout Where Boys Are iii. 45 In the end he said he was saving himself for marriage, and broke it up by leaving. 1988 S. J. Katz & A. Liu False Love & Other Romantic Illusions i. 27 It wasn't so much that she was saving herself; she just didn't feel like exposing so much of herself to men she knew were transient in her life. 2011 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 18 June r7 That whole idea of saving yourself for marriage, girls see it as old-school and overrated. III. To avoid or prevent (something undesirable). 22. a. transitive. To avoid or enable someone to avoid (a burden, trouble, or inconvenience). Also: to obviate the need for (something costly or burdensome). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > obviate void1509 savea1522 obviate1567 avoid1608 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) v. vi. 112 It moste be to me leful rewth to haue Of my frendis myschance, hys lak to save, Quhilk in hys awyn defalt tynt not the gre. 1615 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 75 And about midnight [he] departed towards Crates; which saved the geveing a present of 2 damaskt fowling peeces, yf he had staid till morninge. 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iv. xvii. 259 How might'st thou by this effugium have sav'd all thy misfortunes? 1699 J. Dryden Epist. to J. Driden 11 Without their cost you terminate the cause And save the expense of long litigious laws. 1758 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 367/2 I have applied the sines and co-sines..to the logarithms of absolute numbers, which saves the trouble of equating. 1790 W. Scott Let. 6 Aug. (1932) I. 13 My letters lie there for me, as it saves their being sent down to Rosebank. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 33 The best way's to let the blood barken upon the cut—that saves plaisters. 1886 Manch. Examiner 13 Mar. 5/2 The only use of paper money is in saving the wear and tear of gold. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 77 A tendency to take quick steps, as if running forward to save a fall. 1920 A. W. Brown & A. Bott Flying Atlantic in Sixteen Hours vii. 77 I reached out a hand and arm just in time to save a nasty bump when the shock threw me forward. 1962 Pop. Mech. July 125/1 Poolside cabanas save traipsing inside the house with wet suits. 2007 Journal (Newcastle) (Nexis) 21 July 46 All models do include..Citroen's innovative automatic fuel cap, a thoughtful move which saves messing about on forecourts. b. transitive. With the person relieved as indirect object. ΚΠ 1606 G. W. tr. Epit. Liues Emperors in tr. Justinus Hist. sig. Hh3^v By meanes whereof, a little tract of time would saue him a great deal of wrath. 1676 W. Temple Let. 31 Jan. in Wks. (1740) II. 366 He assured me of having given You a very full Account, and thereby saved You a Trouble from me upon that Occasion. 1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 3 If things be set of with an Air,..the Kind Reader usually saves himself the pains of Examining. 1780 Mirror No. 95 Take my advice, my dear Bell, and save yourself the trouble. 1830 United Service Jrnl. Aug. 156 An event which might well have saved me the necessity of returning to the ship again. 1876 Hallberger's Illustr. Mag. 2 835/2 The doctor's advice has saved me a great deal of suffering and expense. 1928 Daily Express 19 Mar. 12/2 The German officers were counted or ‘roll-called’ in their rooms to save them the trouble of having to assemble or fall in with the other prisoners. 1973 Hi-Fi Answers Dec. 59/2 This saves the operator the inconvenience of changing over the spools. 2008 S. Woods Colombia 250/2 A member of staff will meet you off the boat to save you lugging your gear 2 blocks uphill. †23. transitive. Scottish. To provide protection from. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] shieldc825 frithc893 werea900 i-schield971 berghOE biwerec1000 grithc1000 witec1000 keepc1175 burghena1225 ward?c1225 hilla1240 warrantc1275 witiec1275 forhilla1300 umshadea1300 defendc1325 fendc1330 to hold in or to warrantc1330 bielda1350 warisha1375 succoura1387 defencea1398 shrouda1400 umbeshadow14.. shelvec1425 targec1430 protect?1435 obumber?1440 thorn1483 warrantise1490 charea1500 safeguard1501 heild?a1513 shend1530 warrant1530 shadow1548 fence1577 safekeep1588 bucklera1593 counterguard1594 save1595 tara1612 target1611 screenc1613 pre-arm1615 custodite1657 shelter1667 to guard against1725 cushion1836 enshield1855 mind1924 buffer1958 1595 Edinb. Dean of Guild Accts. 582 in Dict. Older. Sc. Tongue (at cited word) Thre daillis to saiff the weit abowe the sclaittis that na weit cum within the scoole. ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. Pref. 348 The plesant plane-trie will the leavs unfauld With fairest schaddow to save the sone in symmer. †24. transitive. To dispel or overcome (a doubt). Cf. salve v.² 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > an argument, statement, etc. assoilc1370 disprovec1380 soilc1380 conclude1388 unprovea1425 denyc1425 oppugn?1435 deprevea1450 refelc1450 disapprove1481 impreve1488 confute1529 deprove1530 convince?1531 refute1533 save1591 convict1593 elide1593 redargue1613 to wrestle off1639 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in Complaints 194 Right well, deere Gossip, ye advized have, (Said then the Foxe) but I this doubt will save. 25. Sport. a. transitive. To prevent the opposing side from scoring (a run, goal, etc.); (of a goalkeeper) to stop (a shot, etc.) from going into the goal (cf. sense 25b). Also (Cricket): (of a fielder) to prevent a specified number of runs being scored from a hit. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > win, lose, or score [verb (transitive)] > score > prevent opposition from scoring save?1801 zilch1957 ?1801 T. Boxall Rules & Instr. Cricket 59 The Man that stands to the Leg. He stands the on side, little behind the straight line of the popping crease; if he stands to save the runs he will stand fifteen yards or more from the stumps, if he can save the run. 1816 W. Lambert Instr. & Rules Cricket 42 Long Stop. This man should stand at a proper distance behind the Wicket, to save a run, if the Ball should not be stopped by the Striker or Wicket-keeper. 1850 ‘Bat’ Cricketer's Man. (rev. ed.) 44 Long Leg must also be occupied by a good thrower. He usually stands to save four runs. 1878 Carthusian Apr. 418/2 Growse..got a shot at goal, which the goal-keeper saved splendidly. 1905 Oxf. Mag. 25 Oct. 24/2 He could not have saved the two goals which were scored. 1929 Boys' Life Aug. 58/3 He saved two goals by rushing Bret back when the rest of the Colts were outridden. 1959 Times 3 Jan. 3/6 Miss Webb calmly saved the point with a stop volley. 1978 Times 3 Apr. 8/4 A prolonged seige [sic] that saw..Bonetti spring to save Woodcock's header. 2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 6 Dec. (Sport section) 7 Trott pulled off a diving stop on the boundary..which saved two runs. b. intransitive. Association Football, Hockey, etc. Of a goalkeeper: to parry, collect, or otherwise stop a shot so as to prevent a goal being scored. ΚΠ 1889 Field 5 Jan. 29/3 For the losers, Jackson in goal saved well on several occasions. 1893 Caian Lent Term 202 A good goal-keeper, saves splendidly at times, and clears well. 1926 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 18 Nov. 7/1 Young..had a shot at goal but the goal-keeper saved. 1940 Amer. Boy Feb. 26/2 He leaned forward, breathless, and then Hassett shot. The Kings goalie saved by inches. 2006 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 23 Jan. (Sport section) 8 Nigel Martyn saved quite superbly from Freddie Ljungberg. Phrases P1. to save a person's life. [Compare Old French, Middle French sauver la vie (c1165).] a. To prevent a person from dying. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (transitive)] > slake thirst to save a person's lifec1325 rehetea1400 slocken1718 to save a person's life1901 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)] > give timely assistance to save a person's lifec1325 to save a person's life1901 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 9231 So þat to saui is lif þe castel vp hii ȝolde. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 997 (MED) To saue his liue..i graunt him..mi loue for euer. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) l. 100 Ȝef the wommon thenne dye, Teche the mydwyf..for to saue the chyldes lyf. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 271 His fostyr-modyr..Did mylk to warme, his liff giff scho mycht saiff. 1557 R. Edgeworth Serm. very Fruitfull xiii. f. cccxxiii In whiche shippe a fewe, that is to saie. viii. liues were saued bi the water, lifting vp the shippe a flote from the daunger of drowning. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 115 The ciuick coronets..presented vnto such as had rescued a Romane citizen, and saued his life. 1664 J. Dryden Rival Ladies iv. iii. 48 The pretty Boys that serve Gonsalvo, Fighting! I come in time to save the Life of one. 1754 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery II. xxvii. 448 I..sat down with a resolution to deliver, either with the forceps or crotchet, in order to save the woman's life. 1776 P. P. Burdett Chart Mersey (ed. 2) in N. Leach Origins Life-boat Service (1992) iv. 22 On the Strand about a Mile below Formby Lower Land Mark there is a Boat House, and a boat kept ready to save lives. 1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 458 A great many lives were saved by the salutary practice of inoculation. 1855 J. Doran Queens of Eng. I. viii. 377 The Duke of Newcastle congratulatingly hugged Hulse, on his having saved the Queen's life. 1913 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 21 June 1350/2 It was hopeless to expect to save the life of the patient by any other method of treatment. 1964 Skin Diver Oct. 19 An American skin diver..had a difficult time convincing the skipper that his ‘wet’ suit would save a man's life if he fell into the freezing water. 2000 G. Lucas Star Wars Episode I: Phantom Menace 20 I have saved Jar Jar Binks' life. b. to save one's life: used in the infinitive to qualify a negative (or occasionally conditional) statement, expressing a lack of ability or willingness to do something. Also (occasionally) to save one's soul. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (intransitive)] > preserve oneself from injury or harm to save one's (own) skin1642 to save one's bacon1654 to save one's soul1688 1688 T. Brown Reasons Mr. Bays 5 You could not say one malicious word more to save your life. 1787 ‘P. Pindar’ Lyric Odes to Royal Academicians (ed. 5) vii. 19 An Actor, living at this time, That now I pen my verse sublime, Could not, to save his soul, find out his fort. 1825 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1971) V. 460 To save my life I could not determine whether it was Mon or Moun or gu or gue. 1848 A. Trollope Kellys & O'Kellys III. v. 106 I shan't remain long. If it was to save my life and theirs, I can't get up small talk for the rector and his curate. 1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House III. xxvii. 88 ‘Does she go to their church?’ ‘Oh no, she wouldn't to save her life—she thinks it quite shocking.’ 1920 E. O'Neill Beyond Horizon iii. i. 128 I couldn't get to sleep to save my soul. 1941 J. Cary Herself Surprised xxxiv. 82 It took even Bill six months to get her into a motor, when motors came in, and she wouldn't telephone now to save her life. 2010 P. Murray Skippy Dies 545 God knows he can't kick a rugby ball to save his life! c. colloquial. In hyperbolic use. To give timely or important assistance, esp. by providing a refreshing or stimulating drink. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (transitive)] > slake thirst to save a person's lifec1325 rehetea1400 slocken1718 to save a person's life1901 the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (intransitive)] > give timely assistance to save a person's lifec1325 to save a person's life1901 1901 K. Snowden Barbara West xxii. 188 He affectionately watched a glass of beer poured out for Darbyshire—who..said fervently to Mrs Templeton, ‘Thanks; you've saved my life.’ 1914 R. Hughes What will People Say? xxii. 137 Have you a box of matches you can give me? Thanks! You've saved my life. 1950 ‘J. Tey’ To love & be Wise xii. 153 Saved my life, you have! I missed the bus. 1977 D. Bagley Enemy xxviii. 218 ‘A sherry,’ she said. ‘A sherry, to save my life.’ 2003 Sun (Nexis) 18 Apr. To his huge relief they found the cash... Grateful Mr Williams told them: ‘Thanks lads—you've saved my life.’ P2. a. Used in expressions (esp. ones invoking God) of loyalty to or approbation of a monarch or other ruler, as God save the Queen (also King)!: may God protect and preserve the queen (or king).The song God Save the Queen (or King) is customarily used as the national anthem of the United Kingdom (and is also used in several other Commonwealth realms as a royal or alternative national anthem). Quot. 1744 is taken from the earliest published version to resemble closely the modern anthem. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > applaud [verb (transitive)] > expression of loyalty to monarch God save the Queen (also King)!c1300 c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 755 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 128 ‘Sire king,’ he seide, ‘god þe loke and saui þi dignite!’ c1367 in F. C. Haydon Eulogium Historiarum sive Temporis (1863) III. 87 (MED) Godde saue the kyng [c1350 Giraldus Cambrensis De Principis Instructione Liber God houlde dhe, cuning]. c1450 (c1350) Alexander & Dindimus (Bodl.) (1929) l. 811 Þus Dindimus þe dere king enditeþ his sonde And God bysecheþ to save þe soveraine prinse. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Sam. xvi. 16 He sayde vnto Absalom: God saue the kynge. 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Mj^v Aue rex, or god saue your royall maiestie. 1558 Procl. in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. ii. App. i. 389 God save the quene. a1627 J. Beaumont Bosworth-field (1629) 9 Some with loud shouting, make the valleyes ring, But most with murmur sigh: God saue the King. 1685 Coronation Order of Jas. II in L. G. Wickham Legge Eng. Coronation Rec. (1901) 293 The Recognition... The People signify their Willingness, and Joy, by loud and repeated Acclamations; crying out, God save King James. 1744 Thesaurus Musicus I. 22 God save our Lord the King... Send him Victorious, happy and Glorious, Long to reign over us. 1777 J. Odell Birth Day Song in London Mag. Nov. 579/1 Though faction by falsehood awhile may prevail, And loyalty suffers a captive in jail, Britain is rouz'd, rebellion is falling: God save the King! 1807 Mr. Redhead Yorke's Weekly Polit. Rev. 4 Apr. 259 Though the writer insidiously pretends to cry ‘God save the king’, it is evident that..his real meaning is ‘God save Buonaparte’. 1838 ‘L. Redivivus’ Paradise Lost 8 No longer was he heard to sing, Like loyal subs, ‘God Save the King!’ 1894 ‘M. O'Rell’ John Bull & Co. xxxviii. 318 If..any singer took it into his head to sing ‘God save the President of the Boer Republic’, I guarantee that there would be no objection raised to it. 1910 R. Sabatini Mistress Wilding xiii. 172 One group sent up a shout of ‘God save the Protestant Duke!’ as they rode past him. 1953 Times 3 June 38/4 All the people in the church shouted in acclamation:—‘God save Queen Elizabeth. Long live Queen Elizabeth. May the Queen live for ever.’ 2008 Bournemouth Echo (Nexis) 14 Dec. The Militia's display and final rousing shouts of God Save the Queen was a good end to a ‘fantastic’ day. b. Used in expressions of greeting, affection, blessing, etc., as God save you! [compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French Dieus vous sault! (late 12th cent.), Middle French Dieu te sault! (15th cent.)] . Now chiefly archaic or Irish English. Also with omission of the subject, esp. (formerly) in greetings.(God) save the mark: see mark n.¹ 11. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > [phrase] > for the sake of > wish for the benefit of (someone) God yield (you, etc.)c1430 God save you!1530 (God) bless you!1598 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > courteous formulae [phrase] > terms of greeting God give you good dayc1275 hail be thou (also ye)c1275 pax vobisc1275 how do ye?1570 (good, fair) time of day (to you)1597 how goes it?1598 I salute youa1616 savea1616 how do you find yourself?a1646 how-do-you-do1697 how do?1886 how are you popping (up)?1894 how's (less frequently how are) tricks?1915 how's (or how are) things (or, originally Australia and New Zealand, tricks?)1926 how's life?1931 c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 7034 Wele yfounden, child Wawayn, Crist saue þi miȝt & þi mayn. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8094 Sir, sauued be þou nov and ai. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2244 God saue al this faire compaignye Amen. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 698/1 God save you, whiche sayeng we use whan we come firste to ones presence. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. i. 70 Sir Protheus: 'saue you: saw you my Master? View more context for this quotation a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) iv. iv. 118 You were tickl'd when the beggars cry'd Heaven save your honour. 1706 G. Farquhar Recruiting Officer iii. ii. 37 Save ye, save ye, Gentlemen. 1775 W. Hilton Poet. Wks. I. 75 Lord save you, Sir, we're wond'rous dry. 1844 tr. J. G. Kohl Trav. Ireland 156 When one creeps into an Irish hut, the usual salutation is ‘God save you all!’ and the answer is, ‘God save you kindly!’ 1920 Outlook 7 July 462 God save ye, gentles,—come buy my wares here! 1987 Woman's Own 19 Dec. 69/3 ‘A merry Christmas, Uncle!’ he said cheerfully. ‘God save you!’ 2005 G. M. Flynn Currach Race & Other Stories v. 35 He..vaulted over lightly into the meadow. ‘God save ye.’ ‘God save you kindly, and who might you be?’ c. Used in phrases affirming the truth of a statement, as as I hope to be saved, †so God (also Christ) save me, etc. [compare Anglo-Norman and Old French se Dieus me saut (12th cent.)] . Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > (originally) referring to one's soul or salvation so God (also Christ) save mea1393 upon (also on) my perilc1395 by the way of my soul1397 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. l. 927 (MED) This, so god me save, Is al the hate that I have Toward these janglers. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 1361 Ye shul paye fourty pound, so god me saue. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 675 Yhe sall it haiff, als God me saiff in saille. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 120 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 98 So me crist saif. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) lxix. sig. Bii^v As I be saued ye be ful gentil and noble. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 2381 Sa God me saif, The ressoun quhy fane wald I haif. 1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. D^v Ha, ha, ha, by their Maiden-heads: Cittizens, by their faith, and Brokers as they hope to be saued: by my Virginitie I sweare. 1619 Rec. Perth Kirk Session 7 June in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Sav Marge Gelletlie..purgit hir be hir great aith Lat neuer hir saull be saifit if euer scho knew him. 1680 T. D'Urfey Virtuous Wife i. 8 I am grown old o'th' sudden, as 'twere, I know not how, all my good parts lost, quite lost as god save me. I am a Cipher now—good for nothing. 1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 23 Dec. (1948) I. 136 Remember your poor Presto, that wants you sadly, as hope saved. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xi. 243 As I hope to be saved, I will never mention a Word of it. View more context for this quotation 1831 W. Scott Count Robert xiv, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 187 This remnant of old heathen philosophy, who hardly believes, so God save me, the truth of the Christian creed. 1869 Bow Bells Weekly 2 June 447/3 As I hope to be saved in another world, I would swear that the rope has been cut by some wicked wretch. 1911 G. B. Shaw Shewing-up Blanco Posnet in Doctor's Dilemma 396 As I hope to be saved, Sheriff—or rather as I hope to be damned;..I know no more of that horse's whereabouts than you do yourself. 1998 P. Trower Danger to State xxvii. 136 Father, I swear—as I hope to be saved—that every word I've told you is true. d. In expressions of invocation (usually implicitly or explicitly of God), requesting protection from temptation, sin, etc., or (with humorous or sarcastic intent) from something unpleasant or tiresome, as (Lord) save me (also us) from ——. ΚΠ 1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 188 Save me from vaine pleasures, the great Witches of the world. 1738 A. Pope Universal Prayer ix. 6 Save me alike from foolish Pride, Or impious Discontent. 1785 W. Cowper Task i. 499 But save me from the gaiety of those Whose head-aches nail them to a noon-day bed. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. vii. 191 Well-a-day—God save us from all such misproud princoxes! 1863 W. Phillips Speeches i. 8 Shades of Hugh Peters and John Cotton, save us from such pulpits! 1899 S. H. Burchell Duke's Servants i. x. 189 There comes my wife! Lord save me from her! 1921 D. H. Lawrence Sea & Sardinia v. 164 Save us from proletarian homogeneity and khaki all-alikeness. 1958 L. Ginsberg Let. 10 Mar. in A. Ginsberg & L. Ginsberg Family Business (2001) 100 Save me from that mixed up, confused view of the Beat Generation which maintains it has a blueprint on all Truth. 2001 Loaded Fashion Spring 116 Lottery winners, footballers, pop singers and, Lord save us, television ‘personalities’ are suddenly wealthy enough to buy an entrance ticket to the playground of the rich. P3. Used in expressions concerning a person's life, safety, well-being, etc., in which the body, or a part of the body, stands for a person's life.See also to save one's skin at skin n. Phrases 1c, to save one's neck at neck n.¹ Phrases 2a.to save one's bacon: see bacon n. 5a. [Compare Middle French, French sauver sa tête, lit. ‘to save one's head’ (1580), French sauver sa peau, lit. ‘to save one's skin’ (1729), etc.] ΚΠ c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 3807 (MED) He lete his pray and fleiȝ on hors, Forto saue his owen cors. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxvii. 230 He besought our lorde god to saue his body fro mysfortune. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. v. 67 To day, how many would haue giuen their Honours To haue sau'd their Carkasses? View more context for this quotation 1744 London Mag. Apr. 200/1 Who singly all our foes withstood, Explor'd the mazes of the wood, To save his own, and others blood? 1830 W. Scott Doom of Devorgoil ii. i. 86 I think I will be generous, And give his brains a chance to save his bones. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 544 To have done all in his power to save both the head of Stafford and the head of Russell. 1976 New York 15 Nov. 60/2 Nobody asked you to save my ass, you took it on yourself. I want to save my own ass. 1999 R. N. Proctor Nazi War on Cancer (2000) vii. 263 The paper trail is ambiguous on this point, which may have saved his hide at Nuremburg. P4. to save appearances: see appearance n. 12b. †P5. to save a person's longing: to prevent a person (usually a woman) yearning for something by providing what is desired. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > anticipation, forecast > anticipate, forecast [verb (transitive)] > anticipate and prevent to save a person's longing1605 1605 True Chron. Hist. King Leir i. ii. sig. A3^v Ra. For Gods sake tell vs what it is, my Lord, I am with child vntill you vtter it. Skal. Madam, to saue your longing, this it is [etc.]. 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iii. vi. 48 in Wks. II Looke Win. doe, looke a Gods name, and saue your longing. 1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. sig. E6^v Come hither Sirrah, I know what you would have, I'le save your longing. 1737 Mem. Soc. Grub-St. I. 297 A particular regard ought to be payed to a fair Lady, especially in the condition here mentioned, and something done effectually to save her longing. P6. to save one's breath (also wind): to refrain from talking so as not to argue fruitlessly or waste one's energy, esp. on a lost cause; to be quiet. Frequently in imperative. Cf. to save one's breath to cool one's porridge at porridge n. Phrases 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > be silent/refrain from speaking [verb (intransitive)] > stop speaking to make up one's mouthc1175 to shut (also close) one's mouthc1175 blina1300 dumba1300 leavea1375 to put a sock in ita1529 hush1548 silence1551 stay1551 stow1567 stop1579 to save one's breath (also wind)1605 tace1697 stubble it!1699 shut your trap!1796 to keep a calm (or quiet) sough1808 stubble your whids!1830 to shut up1840 to dry up1853 pawl1867 subside1872 to pipe down1876 to shut (one's) head, face1876 shurrup1893 to shut off1896 clam1916 dry1934 shtum1958 to oyster up1973 1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe v. sig. I4 Saue your Breath, saue your Breath; All things haue succeeded to your wishes. 1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. iv. 86 As if he had said, Talk no more of it; save your breath; I am resolved of my course. 1734 J. Clarke Diss. upon Usefulness of Transl. Classick Authors 5 He in regard to his own Ease, and to save his Breath, is apt to make very short Work of it. 1753 J. White Protestant Englishman 151 The Priests might save their Breath, and spare their Sufflations, Boxings, Crossings, and other Ceremonies, to get them [sc. evil spirits] out. 1828 Night Watch II. 5 Save your wind for work. 1863 M. J. Holmes Marian Grey vi. 67 If Bruno's howlin' for me, he may as well save his breath. 1926 F. W. Crofts Inspector French & Cheyne Myst. xi. 146 If your story's going to be more lies about St John Price and the Hull succession you may save your breath. 1952 E. Caldwell Lamp for Nightfall x. 101 You'd better be saving your wind for road work, and for doing chores. 1996 Mail on Sunday 28 Apr. (You Mag.) 5/4 A colleague, friend or loved one is not about to be browbeaten into sharing your beliefs, so you might just as well save your breath. P7. a penny saved is a penny gained: see penny n. Phrases 3b. P8. to save the day: (originally Military) to avert defeat in battle, esp. through individual actions (cf. day n. 13); (also in extended use) to avert failure or disaster; cf. to save the situation at Phrases 13. ΚΠ 1663 J. Heath Brief Chron. Civil-wars sig. Aaa4^v He did not only maintain the Fight till..the..gallantry of the..Redcoats, made the Spaniard..mend his retreating pace, but sustained the impression upon the flight and at least saved the day. 1772 Town & Country Mag. Suppl. 715/1 Nor could Montcalm's try'd valour save the day. 1834 Sporting Mag. Aug. 322/2 The lucky start King had here saved the day. 1891 W. J. Abbot Battle-fields & Victory ii. 35 Though General Taylor did his utmost to save the day, the sun went down leaving the Union army victorious. 1938 Amer. Home Oct. 78/2 When the kitchen faucet..begins to throw an aggravating spray every time the water is turned on, a coat of paraffine over the leak will save the day until the plumber can fix it. 1956 W. McElwee England's Precedence viii. 164 At this critical moment it was the individual gallantry of Sir Thomas Fairfax which probably saved the day. 1989 R. Whiting You gotta have Wa (1990) vi. 138 Diplomatic revisions by interpreters have saved the day on many an occasion. 2007 Independent 31 Jan. (Extra section) 8 (heading) Where governments have failed to tackle global warming, science could yet save the day. P9. to save one's pocket: to avoid spending one's money; to scrimp, economize. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > avoid spending money savec1390 to save one's pocket1700 hain1862 1700 G. Farquhar Constant Couple sig. A4 To Coffee some retreat to save their Pockets, Others more generous damn the Play at Lockets. 1759 W. Calcott Thoughts Moral & Divine (ed. 3) 118 He that deserts a man to save his pocket, will never hazard life and reputation in his service. 1877 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXIII. 357 Getting rid of a case by saving your own pocket and passing the applicant on to another. 1883 Law Times Rep. 49 9/1 The tenant for life may have indirectly benefited himself or saved his own pocket. 1954 T. C. Barker & J. R. Harris Merseyside Town in Industr. Revol. 303 It was alleged that..the owners of land in Greenbank wanted to see the roads paved at public expense to save their own pockets. 1994 M. Harrison Public Health in Brit. India 172 Municipal commissioners were often reluctant to fund sanitary improvements, sometimes on religious or cultural grounds, but more commonly to save their own pockets and those of their electors. P10. to save one's distance (also †time): to manage to arrive at a given point or by a given time, esp. after being delayed. Now rare.In quot. 1735: figurative to do enough to fulfil minimum requirements. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > be or become equal [verb (intransitive)] > compensate > make up time or distance to make, fetch up, make up leeway1669 to save one's distance (also time)1790 to make up (lost) ground1890 1735 London Mag. Jan. 26/1 He came to Chapel just often enough to save his Distance; and in Compliance with the Statutes of the College received the Sacrament as often as required. 1790 R. Cumberland Observer (1791) V. cxlii. 184 Whether Nicolas saved his distance..we shall not just now enquire. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. vi. 112 Riding out to dinner, many miles off, on a beast that will not quit his walk, while you know that nothing short of a full gallop will save your time. 1840 Southern Literary Messenger Mar. 148/1 Launce shall run the first heat under a pull, and just save his distance. 1906 Trotwood's Monthly June 520/2 Even then he made sufficient speed to save his distance. P11. to save the world: to improve the condition or state of the world, esp. in some specific (in later use esp. environmental) aspect; (sometimes) spec. to seek to do this with well-meaning but unrealistic aims or motives. ΚΠ 1829 F. Wright Courses of Pop. Lect. 139 Think not that canals and railroads are to advance the nation, nor that steamboats and spinning-jennies are to save the world. 1879 G. MacDonald Paul Faber III. i. 14 The man who dabbles at saving the world by science, education, hygeian and other economics. 1937 J. G. Fletcher Life is my Song xxvi. 358 Those who, for some reason or other, wished to canalize their neuroticism into the easy and obvious direction of ‘saving the world’. 1982 Guardian 8 May 18/5 The World Conservation Strategy.., in effect an SOS to save the world. 1994 C. McCann in D. Bolger Picador Bk. Contemp. Irish Fiction 535 Truth be told, most staff at the State School don't much like the social-work students. They come in, on their work placement, thinking they can save the world. 2012 Observer 4 Mar. 32 (heading) Liquid metal batteries may save the world. P12. well saved: used to express approbation when a person has rescued a situation, esp. when a rider has avoided a fall, or (in various sports) when a player prevents a goal, the loss of a wicket, etc. ΚΠ 1832 New Sporting Mag. Mar. 337/2 The nag was, however, as quickly picked up by the Prince as a horse could be; when Parson Butler,..roaring out as he passed them, ‘Well saved, by George, your Royal Highness!’ 1853 G. J. Whyte-Melville Digby Grand I. i. 10 As he fell upon his head into the road, and recovered himself without unhorsing me,..‘Well saved, my lad, and devilish well ridden too,’ said the jolly General. 1905 D. Summers Renunciation i. 5 ‘Well saved!’ yelled Cyril. There was a shower of clapping. Dare had spun round and just got his bat down in time to save his wicket. 1965 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 8 Nov. 16/1 (caption) Well saved: Robert Mann, Jamaica College's Manning Cup football goalkeeper comes out from his goal to collect a shot. 2006 G. Dent LBD Live & Fabulous! viii. 247 ‘Now, who says we forget all about that and have a little song?’.. ‘Well saved, Ronnie!’ P13. to save the situation: to avert failure or disaster. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > rescue or deliverance > afford deliverance [verb (intransitive)] > by action or intervention to come (also go, etc.) to the (also a person's) rescuec1475 to save the situation1859 1859 N.Y. Times 25 July 1/4 That it is an imprescriptible duty to put in force all means that may save the situation and society. 1907 W. Raleigh Shakespeare v. 135 If Cordelia had been perfectly tender and tactful, there would have been no play. The situation would have been saved. 1955 Times 8 Aug. 3/3 The Navy had saved the situation, and Dunkirk had become ‘D’ Day. 2010 West Australian (Perth) (Nexis) 25 Sept. 24 It is not too late to save the situation but..there is a real risk of the event turning into a national embarrassment. †P14. Whaling. to save clean: to collect (all the blubber) from a whale. Also with whale as object. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1877 W. H. Macy There she Blows! vii. 74 ‘That whale will stow down a hund'ed barrels, if we save him clean.’ ‘Save him clean? Save him fast enough.’ 1891 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) To save clean, to save all (the blubber) in cutting in: a whaling-term. P15. to save face: see face n. Phrases 8h(b). P16. to be saved by the bell: (Boxing) to be saved from being counted out by the ringing of the bell at the end of a round; (figurative) to be rescued from a difficult situation by a timely intervention. ΚΠ 1909 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 16 Feb. 3/2 Rob Wilson..was saved by the bell from a knockout in the tenth and last round of his bout with Young Corbett. 1959 A. Sillitoe Loneliness of Long-distance Runner 31 ‘Ain't it next door to a pub, then?’ I wanted to know. He answered me sharp: ‘No, it bloody well aint.’.. ‘Then I don't know it,’ I told him, saved by the bell. 1971 L. Koppett N.Y. Times Guide Spectator Sports v. 116 If a man is knocked down in the closing seconds of a round, so that the bell rings ending the round before the count of 10 has been reached, he can be ‘saved by the bell’. 1976 G. Sims End of Web i. 13 Had he been saved by the bell... Was there still a chance of some lovers' games? 2007 J. Buchanan If Better is Possible xxix. 177 The student teacher was saved by the bell and the class moved on. P17. colloquial (originally and chiefly North American). save it: (in imperative as an expression of contemptuous dismissal) ‘be quiet’, ‘shut up’. ΚΠ 1935 G. Lorimer & S. Lorimer Heart Specialist iii. 80 ‘Save it,’ she said. ‘This isn't dear old St. Luke's.’ 1970 G. Scott-Heron Vulture v. 218 ‘Save it,’ she said, cutting me off. ‘Sit here. All this yakkin' will blow everybody's high.’ 1987 Toronto Star (Nexis) 7 Feb. g3 Save it, pal. Talk to my agent. 2011 C. Digiuseppi & M. Force Light Bringer xii. 82 Alan cut him off again. ‘Yeah, yeah. Save it, you already said that.’ P18. save as you earn n. originally and chiefly British a system of saving by regular deduction from earnings at source (abbreviated S.A.Y.E.); frequently attributive; cf. pay-as-you-earn n. and adj. at pay v.¹ Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1957 Financial Times 2 Sept. 4/5 The ‘Save As You Earn’ Campaign which the National Savings Movement is organising throughout the country. 1968 Times 8 Oct. 31/1 The ideas on save-as-you-earn put forward in the Conservative plan. 1976 Staff Papers (International Monetary Fund) 23 466 The Committee to Review National Savings concluded that the save-as-you-earn scheme had not been a success. 1991 Observer (Nexis) 7 July 32 The maximum monthly limit to Save As You Earn share option schemes is also to be raised from £150 to £250. 2009 A. Vice Straightforward Guide Savings & Investm. ii. 29 You can buy shares at a discount and even if the stock market price nose-dives, your money is safe. This is Save As You Earn. Phrasal verbs to save up 1. intransitive. To keep and store up resources instead of spending or using them up; (chiefly) spec. to accumulate money by regularly setting aside a portion of one's income, frequently in order to make an otherwise unaffordable purchase in the future. Frequently with for. Cf. sense 17b. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > be sparing or frugal [verb (intransitive)] > save savea1450 scrape1552 to save up1715 1715 Select Rules of Genders of Nouns & Heteroclites i. 30 Comparco, comparsi, comparsum, arcere, to Save up. 1762 S. Foote tr. P. N. Destouches Spendthrift iii. viii, in S. Foote et al. Comic Theatre I. 195 If your nephew spends a little freely, why, you know, you are saving up for him. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xvii. 214 Now he's a saving up to treat himself afore he dies to one small purchase. 1884 W. L. Blackley Thrift 91 I set myself to save up for my own old age. 1920 T. S. Eliot Let. 6 Jan. (1988) I. 352 I thank you very very much for my generous present. I shall save up for a suit in the spring. 1964 P. White Let. 14 Dec. (1994) ix. 275 I am trying to save up. 2010 B. Agbaje Off Endz vii. 45 You went out and got yourself a part-time job and saved up for those trainers. 2. transitive. To keep and store up instead of spending or using; (chiefly) spec. to accumulate (money) by regularly setting aside a portion of one's income. Frequently with for. Cf. sense 17a. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > moderation or reduction in expenditure > spend money sparingly [verb (transitive)] > put money aside savec1390 to save up1721 sock1942 the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > use sparingly or frugally [verb (transitive)] > save savec1390 to save up1796 the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve > by dint of economy spelec1175 savec1390 hain?1507 to save up1796 1721 J. Trenchard & T. Gordon in London Jrnl. 2 Dec. 4/1 She..fancy'd ihe [sic] cou'd save up a Fortune to him in a few Years. 1754 Mag. of Mag. Dec. 619/2 They are at infinite pains to save up the rain water and the meltings of the snows. 1796 P. Colquhoun Treat. Police of Metropolis vii. 178 By saving up a single five shillings, and not laying any part of it out in gin, but keeping the whole, she would save £7. 10s. a year. 1850 F. E. Smedley Frank Fairlegh iv. 29 A parting gift from my little sister Fanny, who..had saved up her pocket-money during many previous months, in order to provide funds for this munificent present. 1884 W. L. Blackley Thrift 20 To try the system of saving up a little week by week. 1919 J. Thurber Let. 11 June (2002) 32 I thought..I would have enough money saved up to flit a quick flit about Europe. 1947 Boys' Life Jan. 50 Some of them just can't wait for the next issue, while others save up the installments so they can read the complete story. 2002 Bliss June 40/3 I saved up £1,000 in five months while all my mates were busting their asses for a pittance. Compounds C1. With nouns and pronouns, forming nouns and adjectives, as save-penny, save-soul, save-stake, etc. See also save-all n., save-face n. ΚΠ 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 178 Such A Spirit were of A Save stake, if not promoting Prudence, as they call it. 1709 E. Ward Secret Hist. Clubs x. 86 The Profitable Buying in of Six-Shilling Beer, Stale-Bread, and Wheel-barrow Cheese, were the chief Toppicks of their Save-penny Discourses. 1799 E. Dubois Piece Family Biogr. III. 129 Martha was gone on a save-soul pilgrimage to a neighbouring village. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Savelick, an excrescence from the brier, placed by boys in their coat cuffs, as a charm, to prevent a flogging. 1889 Literary World 25 Oct. 330/2 Some of our readers may be glad to know that a ‘save-time’ envelope has been invented by Messrs. G. Beeching and Son. 1947 Billboard 25 Oct. 12/1 The first half..is devoted to the top news developments—the save-grain campaign, aid to France and so on. 2003 R. E. Stipe Richer Heritage xv. 488 In the public mind the movement begins to take on a ‘save everything’ mentality. C2. Computing. Used attributively to denote a command or control of a computer, operating system, etc., concerned with saving data or programs, as in save button, save command, save function, save option, etc. Cf. save n.² 4. ΚΠ 1962 C. B. Germain Programming IBM 1620 34 The save key is operative only in the manual mode. 1979 Intelligent Machines Jrnl. 19 Sept. 20/2 The ‘save’ command allows the user to move a portion of the edited file to another file for later use. 1990 Amiga Computing Dec. 168/1 (advt.) Infogrames' game includes a whole range of outstanding features including..save and restore options. 1996 P. Gregory Perfectly Correct (1997) 64 Louise pressed the ‘Save’ key on her word processor and shut the machine down. 2002 ‘S. Pax’ Weblog Diary 25 Dec. in Baghdad Blog (2003) 60 I keep forgetting the save button. 2011 Las Vegas Rev.-Jrnl. (Nevada) (Nexis) 16 Oct. j9 I..open the menu, open the ‘save’ function, click ‘save,’ [and] tell my Xbox 360 to overwrite previous save data. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). saveprep.conj. Brit. /seɪv/, U.S. /seɪv/ Forms: α. Middle English sauue, Middle English sauve, Middle English sawe, Middle English sawue, Middle English–1500s salve, Middle English–1600s saue, Middle English– save, late Middle English sawa (transmission error), 1600s seave (Scottish). β. Middle English saaf, Middle English saauf, Middle English saf, Middle English sauff, Middle English sauffe, Middle English sawf, Middle English sayf, Middle English sowf, Middle English–1500s saffe, Middle English–1500s salf, Middle English–1500s sauf, Middle English–1500s saufe, Middle English–1600s safe, Middle English–1600s saff, late Middle English ef (transmission error), late Middle English sef, 1500s salfe, 1500s saulfe; Scottish pre-1700 safe, pre-1700 saif, pre-1700 saiff, pre-1700 salf, pre-1700 sauf, pre-1700 saufe, pre-1700 sauff, pre-1700 saulf, pre-1700 sawff. γ. English regional (Shropshire and Herefordshire) 1800s– sa, 1800s– sa'. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French sauf, salve. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French sauf, Middle French saulf (feminine salve, sauve, save, etc.) (preposition) without impairing, without prejudicing, with due regard for (a person's life, honour, etc.) (2nd half of the 12th cent. inflected to agree with a following noun), excepting, excluding (1247 inflected to agree with a following noun; compare in the same sense sauf à (1285 as salf a ), sauf de (c1500): see discussion below), sauf que (conjunction) except that, with this exception (1280; compare sauf ce que (13th cent.; 12th cent. as sauf ço que ), sauve que (15th cent.), etc.), originally specific uses of sauf safe adj.; reinforced in English by association with safe adj. and save v. Compare later saving prep., saving conj., and also except prep.Anglo-Norman and Old French sauf (feminine salve , sauve ) was used in a number of expressions with early parallels in English: with use in polite formulae in sense A. 1 compare sauf sun ordre (1174–6), sauve votre grace (13th cent.; also c1210 in Anglo-Norman as save sa grace , 14th cent. as sauve la grace de ), Anglo-Norman and Middle French sauve votre reverence (mid 14th cent.: see reverence n.), salve s'onor (2nd half of the 13th cent.), sauf votre honeur (1538), mon honneur sauve (late 15th cent.). With these formulae compare classical Latin constructions with the ablative absolute, e.g. salvō iure ‘without violating one's oath’, salvā fide ‘without violating one's loyalty’. In the Middle French period, sauf did not always show agreement with the following noun in such contexts: compare use of sauf with a feminine noun in sauf votre reverence (mid 14th cent.), sauf vôtre grace (15th cent.), etc., and conversely that of sauve with a masculine noun in e.g. saulve tous drois (c1450). Likewise, in the sense ‘excepting, excluding’, agreement with the following noun was lost in the course of the Middle French period, the masculine form being used invariably in this context from about 1500. Compare also Old Occitan sal (c1280), sal de (c1300), Spanish salvo , all in sense ‘except’. The α. forms probably partly reflect Anglo-Norman and Old French sauve , salve (compare the French phrases listed above, many of which involve feminine nouns), and partly Middle English forms in -ve of safe adj. (compare forms at that entry), but the later dominance of spellings of this type is probably largely due to the identification of the word with the imperative of save v. (compare also saving prep., saving conj.). With the γ. forms compare sa' v. The use of a nominative after the preposition (see A. 2c) has been seen as a product of the originally adjectival character of the word, although the same phenomenon occurs with other prepositions of similar meaning, even those (such as saving prep. and excepting prep.) which have developed from present participles of transitive verbs. A. prep. 1. Preserving, without prejudice or harm to, with due regard for. Frequently used with a respectful form of address to introduce or ameliorate a critical or potentially offensive remark, with the sense ‘with all due respect’, ‘if you will excuse my saying so’, ‘with apologies’. rare after 17th cent.In quot. c1500 (perhaps due to a confusion between this use and sense A. 2): with apologies for, at the risk or cost of.See also save your grace at grace n. Phrases 4d, save (a person's) reverence at reverence n. Phrases 2a. ΚΠ c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 488 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 120 Trewenesse we þe sworen ase riȝt was, and eorþelich honour al-so, Sauue ore ordre and ore riȝte–bote þat was out i-do. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 1242 Þat he vor is neueu wolde, vorto abatie strif, Do hey amendement, sauue lume & lif. c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 554 (MED) Sauue ȝoure grace, wene ich hit nowt Hit euere com in his þout. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 179 Save reverence of seynt Aldelyn, þis semeþ non holynesse..but pure verray folye. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 480 But elles wol I fonde Myn honour sauf plesen hym fro day to day. a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 132 (MED) My Lorde, saue ȝowr reuerens, it arn lesyngys alle þe wordys þat þei sey. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 1208 Tharfor till him is no comparisoun As off a man, sauff reuerence off the croun. c1500 Three Kings' Sons (1895) 139 It semeth, sauf your displeasir, that [etc.]. a1540 (c1460) G. Hay tr. Bk. King Alexander l. 2529 The king said, ‘Lordis, answeir, saif [v.r. saifand] ʒour grace—Ȝe suld considder weill ane vther case.’ 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 136 To quhome he said, saif ȝour plesure Madame. 1649 E. Davies Bill Excomm. 12 In whose Churchyard, save-reverence, worse then burnt by the Hangman. a1943 D. Billany Whispering (2008) xx. 215 She is Mrs. Noel Marsh, neither more nor less, save your honour. 2. a. Except, with the exception of; but, except for. Frequently with additional word for emphasis, as only, alone, etc. Also in save and except, †but save. Cf. save for at sense B. 1c. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > except or excepting savec1330 out-takenc1384 saving1386 other thana1425 savea1500 reserving1541 salvo1601 to set aside1610 abstracting from1614 save fora1616 sans1659 exclude1720 aside from1818 saufc1844 out-taking1848 secludinga1851 α. c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) l. 346 For þat he was so hende & gode, Men blisced him..Saue þe steward. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 210 Saue Meede þe Mayden no mon dorste abyde. c1400 Last Age of Church (1840) p. xxviii Euery lettre in þe abece may be souned wiþ opyn mouþ saue .m. lettre one. a1425 (?a1350) Gospel of Nicodemus (BL Add. 32578) (1907) l. 482 Bedrede I lay ffourty ȝhere fully sawe two. 1450–1 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1450 §18. m. 7 The last day save oon of August. a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 19 Trewe frendis ne fownde he none, Sawe Robert Steuenes-Son. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxi No Chronicler saue one, maketh mencion what was the uery cause. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 77 The aforesaid boats are..covered all save the ends with black cloth. 1684 N. S. tr. R. Simon Crit. Enq. Editions Bible xxvi. 238 His Notes generally are pretty plausible,..save only when he bustles for his Religion,..Preaches, Cants and ridicules himself. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xi. 245 We spent the next Evening (save one) in London. View more context for this quotation 1796 R. Bage Hermsprong II. xv. 103 All victims of gout, save one, hitherto preserved by a true carbuncle face. 1808 G. Ellis Let. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) II. iv. 143 The most pleasing poem in our language—save and except one or two of Dryden's fables. 1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xviii. 140 All that remained to England in France, save Calais, was lost. 1922 Rep. Court of Appeals Kentucky 192 256 She may have had some grounds for jealousy, but..she produced no competent evidence thereof, save and except one photograph..which she had possessed all that time. 1952 E. Wilson Lit. Chron. (1956) 107 The several heroes..seem at first to have nothing in common save the accident of all being observed by the American who is telling the story. 2004 H. Fearnley-Whittingstall River Cottage Meat Bk. xi. 304 A cassoulet needs no accompaniment, save a robust and artisanal red wine. β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17288 + 438 (MED) Alle to-geder þai whore sauf thomas of ynde allone.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1749 Heȝest of alle oþer, saf onelych tweyne.1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xx. vii. sig. bbiii^v How they were alle slayne sauf hym self al only.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 134 Sexte and vi xvi to ded has dycht, Bot saiff vii men at fled out of thar sycht.1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 178 A certayne crowne of so greate fayrenesse..that the maieste of none, safe of god alone, shulde ouer passe yt.1579 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 430 No kynd of..tymber..salfe onely fuell of wood for fyre.c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 86 All the lightes of waxe in every church to be taken downe, saffe onely the roode-loft light.a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) p. xl He callit on his childring, quho wer all thair, saiff ane. b. Followed by a personal pronoun in the objective case. ΚΠ c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1634 (MED) Al þyn Messagers þay han a-slawe saue me, þat am a-scaped. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xxxvi. 5 For ther is noon other God, saue thee, Lord [L. quoniam non est Deus praeter te Domine]. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 149 They haue all deuoured saue me allone whiche haue by auenture a grete while sauyd my self vpon this tre. 1595 G. Markham Most Honorable Trag. Sir R. Grinuile sig. E^v Their manie forces feebled by this one, Whose thoughts, saue him, are rightly due to none. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 501 But all saue thee, I fell with Curses. View more context for this quotation 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura iii. 25 None should presume to carve his Effigies save him only. 1754 A. Berthelson Eng. & Danish Dict. at Save All save him, alle foruden ham. 1784 New Foundling Hosp. for Wit (rev. ed.) II. 18 All weigh their Sov'reign in their private scales, And find him wanting, all save me alone. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. i. 58 No insect sweetly buzzed amid these groves, From all things that have life, Save only me, concealed. 1846 Ladies' Repository Aug. 65/1 By all save thee, I pray to be forgot. 1893 F. Thompson Hound of Heaven 180 Whom wilt thou find to love ignoble thee, Save Me, save only Me? 1911 J. London in Cent. Illustr. Monthly Mag. 82 251/2 None save me can make his kind be still. a2008 M. Crichton Pirate Latitudes (2010) xxv. 341 There was no crew. He told the story that all died in a hurricane, save him alone. c. Followed by a personal pronoun in the subjective case. ΚΠ α. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 1355 Saue I and a frere In Engelond ther kan no man it make. 1494 Lydgate's Falle of Princis (Pynson) ix. sig. Fvi/2 There is a lyue left none of the blode Saue I alone of the royall lyne. 1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. lxxix^v Wilt thou so teach..that no man shall have knowlege..in Gods worde save thou only? 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. ii. sig. Cii Yet shal ye find no other wight, saue she, by bred & salt. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. v. 68 All the Conspirators saue onely hee, Did that they did, in enuy of great Cæsar. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 814 That mortal dint, Save he who reigns above, none can resist. View more context for this quotation 1734 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. II. 341 Has any other person a right or power over the lives of men, save he, from whom they received them, even God himself? 1766 S. Hayes & R. Carr Eugenia i. vii. 12 Part receiv'd their Deaths, Save we who 'scap'd with dang'rous Difficulty. 1821 Ld. Byron Isles of Greece in Don Juan: Canto III 51 Where nothing, save the waves and I, May hear our mutual murmurs sweep. 1866 G. W. Dasent Gisli 5 No one has ever challenged me before this day, save thou. 1917 R. Nichols Ardours & Endurances 82 The constellations turn Round the dark pole, and none knows why... None seeks to know save only I And thou. 2001 T. Brooks Antrax (2002) x. 131 The creators, save he alone, were destroyed. β. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 162 Saf only þei þat ben dwellynge with hym.?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 25 For ferde that ani other shulde haue the loue of her sauf he hym selff.c1500 Three Kings' Sons (1895) 133 Then were they alle slayne, sauf y. †3. But for, only for, were it not for. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > except or excepting > but for savingc1450 na warc1480 savec1522 saving for1523 c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 83 Spiritual pride..carieth with it a blindnes almost incurable saue gods gret mercye. 1820 J. Keats Eve of St. Agnes in Lamia & Other Poems 95 She seem'd a splendid angel, newly drest, Save wings, for heaven. B. conj. 1. a. Followed by an adverbial phrase or clause, expressing the condition for or respect in which the statement in the main clause is not applicable: = except conj. 3. ΚΠ α. c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 2270 (MED) Al is pes þar ichaue went, Saue in þe lond of Dabilent. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 1359 And yit withoute experience Salve only of illusion. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 118 Neuere saue in late daies was eny clok telling the houris. 1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 7 Thy garments all and some Do smell of Mirrhe, and saue of Mirrhe no sent doth from thee come. 1598 H. B. Reader to Chaucer in Chaucer's Wks. sig. av^v Unknowne to vs, saue only by thy bookes. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings xxii. 31 Fight neither with small nor great, saue only with the king of Israel. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 258 Over the Tent a Cloud Shall rest by Day, a fierie gleame by Night, Save when they journie. View more context for this quotation 1751 T. Gray Elegy ii. 5 Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 384 Never at his books Or with his pen, save when he scrawls a card. 1864 Cornhill Mag. Aug. 173 Save and except in a dead calm she is utterly unseaworthy. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar viii. 79 There was no longer, therefore, any excuse for its meeting, save on special occasions. 1941 J. Agee & W. Evans Let us now praise Famous Men 140 The hall..is in shadow also, save where one wall, fifteen feet back, is slantingly slashed with light. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) ii. 57 Law is seen as an encumbrance to liberal free marketeers, save in the ways it protects commercial transactions. β. c1422 T. Hoccleve Tale of Jerelaus (Durh.) l. 405 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 154 Womman, with my swerd slee wolde I thee heere, Sauf for awe of god.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 12 (MED) Be-fill yowe neuer this merveyle saf ones?1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxx. f. 67^v Beynge not instructed in any occupation or science, saulfe only in feates perteynynge to warre.1622 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) III. 509 And without ony word-speiking, saif only be moveing of hir lipis. b. Followed by an infinitive (with or without to). ΚΠ a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Claud.) (2009) 19 ‘What schal be þe seruyse of þys fest.’ Þen sayde he: ‘Þe same þat ys in hure natiuite, saue turne þe natiuite into concepcyon.’ c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 660 (MED) He..had no thing to doon, Saff shake a lite his eris, & trus, & [tho] be goon. 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) John xiii. 10 He that is wesshed, nedeth not save to wesshe his fete. 1642 D. Rogers Matrimoniall Honovr viii. 182 What is this, save to give ayme to a chaste woman, to be lewd? 1713 Boston News-let. 13 Apr. 2/2 Messieurs Francis Clark and Grove Hirst..resolving not to act any longer as Partners, save to shut up their Accounts now open in their books, do signify the same. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. ix. 209 If thou hast aught to do, save to witness the misery thou hast caused. 1898 Longman's Mag. May 80 What pleasure hath this slave in life, save to do the Huzoor's will? 1924 Searchlight on Congr. 31 Mar. 3/2 This Old Guard has nothing to do save legislate. 2000 Driving Mag. Mar. 56/1 We won't bore you with the details, save to say it is destined to play a significant role in the construction of future Fiats. c. save for: with the exception of, except for, but for. Cf. sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > except or excepting savec1330 out-takenc1384 saving1386 other thana1425 savea1500 reserving1541 salvo1601 to set aside1610 abstracting from1614 save fora1616 sans1659 exclude1720 aside from1818 saufc1844 out-taking1848 secludinga1851 a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 283 Then was this Island (Saue for the Son, that [s]he did littour heere..) Not honour'd with A humane shape. View more context for this quotation 1740 tr. G. Adlerfeld Mil. Hist. Charles XII II. 379 Hitherto the march had been supportable enough, save for the violent cold. 1774 Ann. Reg. 1773 App. Chron. 189/1 The Lord-Mayor had no authority to call a common-hall, save for the purpose of elections. 1839 Ladies' Compan. Jan. 136/2 Save for a touch of keenness in the frosty air, and for the leafless aspect of the country, it might have massed for a more lightsome season. 1879 T. H. S. Escott England II. xxv. 256 The well-conducted soldier, save and except for a more or less constant ennui..may pass his days in comparative comfort. 1911 Boys' Life Aug. 14/2 Griff..found himself alone save for he who had come to his assistance. 1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet 219 But when he stood in the door again, save for the slightly increased rasp and tempo of his breathing, he might never have left it. 2008 R. Raisin God's Own Country ix. 68 Not an item of life anyplace save for me and Sal, and a mawngy crow sat in a tree. d. save from: with the exception of, apart from. ΚΠ 1695 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 19 107 For the lowest, second, and third Stories, those Partitions were uniform, and altogether the same; save from the second Floor, which answered the main Entrance, one Partition was reserved for a Stair-Case. 1796 F. Burney Camilla V. ix. 442 As they advanced, she was struck to hear no encrease of noise, save from the nearer trampling of feet. 1823 ‘B. Cornwall’ Flood of Thessaly i. 37 No noise was heard, save from their beating hearts. 1867 Chronicle 5 Oct. 669 Though Sea-Devil and Vampire are assigned to it as trivial names, it..is in no way formidable save from its enormous strength and bulk. 1909 Pop. Sci. Monthly Oct. 398 As to the actual number [of offenders] thus passing under probationary methods we have no way of knowing save from the records of the courts themselves. 1948 J. T. Flynn Roosevelt Myth iii. iii. 260 This was all the schooling he got save from a governess until he was 14, when he went to Groton. 1986 C. Z. Stearns & P. N. Stearns Anger v. 141 Save from some ‘problem’ symptoms..anger had receded from the forefront of inquiry into the psychological qualities of work. 2007 D. D. Birch From my Soul to Yours 190 Her reddish-brown skin was still smooth and practically wrinkle-free save from the ones around the outer edges of her eyes. 2. a. Used to introduce a statement of fact that forms an exception to a statement in the main clause: except for the fact that; = except conj. 1. Now only followed by that. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [conjunction] > except out-takea1325 save?c1335 out-takena1382 saving1395 saving?a1425 except that1569 α. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 436 (MED) Min hert hol i haue now..saue a fers feintise folwes me oft. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 236 He was despeyred, no thyng dorste he seye Saue in his songes som what wolde he wreye His wo. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Mark vi. 5 And he myȝte not do there ony vertu, saue that he helide a fewe sijk men. 1547 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 265 Salve onlie that the said Thomas shall [etc.]. 1560 W. Baldwin Funeralles Edward VI sig. B.iii Like Mercury in euery kinde of grace, Save that he had a much more lovely face. 1617 W. Mure Misc. Poems xx. 6 My muse, q^ch noght doth challenge worthy fame, Saue from Montgomery sche hir birth doth clayme. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 187 Naked from the waste vpwards, saue that their heads are couered. 1751 T. Gray Elegy iii. 5 Save that from yonder ivy-mantled tow'r The mopeing owl does to the moon complain. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Frost at Midnight in Fears in Solitude 19 That solitude, which suits Abstruser musings: save that at my side My cradled infant slumbers peacefully. 1842 R. I. Wilberforce Rutilius & Lucius 270 Then all was still, save that a vast gush of fire rose up for a moment. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xiv. 1 Calvus, save that as eyes thou art beloved, I could verily loathe thee for the morning's Gift. 1920 M. A. Smeeton Bacteriol. for Nurses xiv. 147 The immunity produced is identical with that produced by the injection of living organisms save that it is of a lower degree and is not so lasting. 2004 C. Holt Deeper than Desire xiii. 195 He knew nothing of significance about her save that she'd lost her virginity to an old love. β. ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 107 God ȝaf him..Foules, bestis and þe frute–Saf o tre he him forbede.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1879) VII. 339 In his tyme þe monkes of Caunterbury..were nouȝt onliche to seculer men, sauf þat þey lefte nouȝt liche [read liȝtliche] her chastite.c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 25/2 [His] ayre sall cum in the herytage of the landis..bot this sall be sauff that his spousyt wyffe sall hafe [etc.].1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 36 Lych to the tothir, saf they be not garnysshed.a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 61 No thing is thine sauf onlie that thow spendis.a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. M.j His face was lyke a man, saufe it hadde but one eye.1579 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (Edinb.) l. 830 in Shorter Poems (2003) 57 My curage grew; for quhat caus I nocht wait, Saif [?1553 London Saue] that I held me payit of thair estait.1693 J. Fraser Iona in W. Macfarlane Geogr. Coll. Scotl. (1907) II. 216 Chapells of whose particular uses, (safe that they served for divine worship,) we can give litle account. †b. In adversative use: but on the contrary, but rather; yet. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > but on the contrary [conjunction] savec1390 c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. Prol. l. 77 Saue hit nis not bi þe Bisschop þat þe Boye precheþ. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 163 And if..þe herte be hurt, þere lijþ no [MS. do] cure þeron, saue he schal die anoon; for þe herte takiþ no lijf of no lyme of al þe bodi, saue þe herte ȝeueþ lyues to euery lyme of þe bodi. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 188 (MED) Kynde vs hath grauntid two eighen and two eeris, Saue but one tonge. c. Used to introduce a hypothetical case of exception: ‘unless’, ‘if not’; = except conj. 2. Also followed by that.In later use chiefly literary and archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > on condition that [conjunction] > except, unless warne1340 savea1393 lessa1400 unless1473 except that if1513 except1526 excepta1616 'cept1851 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 3497 And thus I mai you sothli telle, Save only that I crie and bidde, I am in Tristesce al amidde And fulfild of Desesperance. 1409 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 74 Saufe gif the mariage God grantand beis fulfillid betwix [etc.]. a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) l. 8016 Hounde is þe wittiest beste þat is of alle..And þe smellyngeste þynge is he, Sauffe if hit þe myre be. 1846 tr. Euripides Hecuba, Medea, Phœnissæ, & Orestes 33 There is none such [a woman so unfortunate], save only if thou shouldst name misfortune herself. 1870 Ld. Tennyson Holy Grail 86 Save that he were the swine thou spakest of. 1897 F. Thompson New Poems 186 'Tis said there were no thought of hell, Save hell were taught. 1921 W. E. Barton Safed & Ketura xxxi. 77 No one in California would speak falsely about anything, save it might be to indulge in a Very Mild Exaggeration concerning the climate. 2009 T. Wolk Lincoln's Daughter xix. 71 By now he should have come to his car, if he was on the right path, save it could be circles or spirals he was executing. †3. Followed by a finite clause with omission of subject: except, but only. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1531 W. Tyndale Answere Mores Dialoge f. lxxxvi^v Master More..prouith nothinge saue sheweth his ignoraunce. †4. Followed by an infinitive clause introduced by that: but that, were it not that. Cf. sense A. 3. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxvi. sig. E2^v From these would I be gone, Saue that to dye, I leaue my loue alone. View more context for this quotation This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹c1405n.²1844v.c1225prep.conj.c1300
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saven.1

saven.2

savev.

Phrases

Phrasal verbs

Compounds

saveprep.conj.

saven.¹

saven.²