单词 | saxon |
释义 | Saxonn.adj. A. n. 1. a. One of a Germanic people which in the early centuries of the Christian era dwelt in a region near the mouth of the Elbe, and of which one portion, distinguished as Anglo-Saxons (see Anglo-Saxon n. and adj.) conquered and occupied certain parts of South Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries, while the other, the Old Saxons (see Old Saxon n.) remained in continental Europe. Often, like Anglo-Saxon, applied indiscriminately to all the Germanic peoples that settled in Britain. Also, an Englishman who is presumed to be descended from this people. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Germanic people > ancient Germanic peoples > [noun] > Saxons > person SaxishOE Saxon1297 saisnea1500 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2540 Hit was of grace þat þe saxoyns þus com verst to londe. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 184 A Saxon and a worthi knyht. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 3530 Sarazenes and Sessoynes. c1420 Chron. Vilod. 99 Saxsones were y-clepud Engestis men. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xiii. 193 That day Gawein slowgh many a sarazin of the saxouns more than eny of his felowes. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xii. 173 Oure werres a-gein the saxoyns. a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 164 I do maruel greatly how the Saxsons should conquere Englonde. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xxv. 522 The sea-coast of Gaul and Britain was exposed to the depredations of the Saxons. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxviii. 613 Three valiant tribes or nations of Germany; the Jutes, the old Saxons, and the Angles. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits v. 79 The Norman has come popularly to represent in England the aristocratic,—and the Saxon the democratic principle. 1862 W. H. Jervis Hist. France (1872) v. §6. 65 Divided into the three confederacies of Westphalians, Ostphalians, and Angarians, the Saxons occupied at this time the greater part of Northern Germany. b. In modern use spec. (primarily as the term used by Celtic speakers). An Englishman as distinct from a Welshman or Irishman, a Lowland Scot as distinct from a Highlander. Cf. Sassenach adj. and n. Also, an Englishman as distinct from a ‘Latin’. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > English nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of England EnglishmaneOE EnglishOE startc1438 Southron1488 Englander1610 knife-man1643 Englisher1652 southern1721 John Bull1772 Saxon1810 Sassenach1815 rosbif1826 Goddam1830 Angrezi1866 Angrez1877 Percy1916 Limey1918 woodbine1918 homie1926 kipper1946 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iv. 186 He gave him of his highland cheer..And bade the Saxon share his plaid. 1862 W. M. Thackeray Adventures of Philip III. i. 15 Scores of [Irish] gentlemen..who would not object to take the Saxon's pay until they finally shook his yoke off. 1908 M. Beerbohm Let. 23 Dec. (1964) 180 The Latins are born actors, while the Saxons have to train themselves up to the scratch. 1977 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Apr. 394/3 In 1962 Ewart Milne returned to Ireland after more than twenty years in the land of the Saxon. 2. The language of the Saxons: = Anglo-Saxon n. 2a in its various applications. Often used for Modern English speech of Saxon or Anglo-Saxon origin; English diction derived chiefly from the Saxon stock, as distinct from the Latin and French elements. See also Old Saxon n. 2.See also English-Saxon n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English EnglisheOE Saxon1390 Southrona1522 Hinglish1828 Eng. Lang.1857 Anglo-Saxon1866 Angrezi1882 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > Old English Saxon1390 Saxonish1549 English-Saxona1669 Anglo-Saxon1678 OE1868 Old English1871 pre-English1920 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 206 For Couste in Saxoun is to sein Constance upon the word Romein. a1450 (a1397) Prol. Old Test. in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Cambr. Mm.2.15) (1850) xv. 59 Bede translatide the bible, and expounide myche in Saxon, that was English, either comoun langage of this lond. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. v. 63 For this purpose serue the monosillables of our English Saxons excellently well. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. iv. 121 Neither shall he take the termes of Northern-men,..nor in effect any speach vsed beyond the riuer of Trent, though no man can deny but that theirs is the purer English Saxon at this day. a1625 J. Fletcher Wife for Moneth i. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gggggg/2 A Letter, But 'tis a womans, Sir, I know by the hand, And the false authography, they write old Saxon. 1662 M. W. Marriage Broaker 72 He in olde Saxon's call'd a match-maker. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xi. 185 Here is a letter, and, if I mistake not, it is in Saxon. 1820 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 312/1 Maund. This word being derived from the Saxon, deserves to be in more frequent and general use. 3. A native or inhabitant of Saxony in its modern German sense. (Saxony formerly included the kingdom of Saxony, the Prussian province of Saxony, and certain principalities; it existed as a state of the German Democratic Republic until 1952, when it was replaced as an administrative district by Leipzig, Karl-Marx-Stadt, and Dresden.) ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [noun] > parts of Easterling1253 Sprucier1443 Suevian1549 High German1550 Low German1550 Prussian1554 Lusatian1555 Westphalian1576 Borussian1607 Rhinelander1608 Eastman1610 Belgic1615 Franconian1615 Thuringian1618 Swab1637 spruce1640 Silesian1669 Swabian1675 palatinate1709 Hessian1729 Saxon1737 Austrasian1833 East German1838 Balt1854 West German1855 Württemberger1896 Sudeten1938 East German1947 West German1947 Saarlander1955 Ossi1989 Wessi1990 1737 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 4/1 The Saxons, who long since have done great damage to your coarser sorts of Cloths. 4. Fireworks. (See quot. 1839.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > firework > [noun] > types of fire sword1482 firedrake1608 fiend1634 fire club1634 fire lance1634 fire-target1634 saucisson1634 fire-trunk1639 runner1647 fire pole1708 fire fountain1729 fire-flyer1740 line-rocket1740 devil1742 fire tree1749 Grecian fire1774 jet1774 fire pan1799 metamorphose1818 Saxon1839 lightning paper1866 asteroid1875 brilliant1875 pearl1884 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 480 The saxons are cartridges clayed at each end, charged with the brilliant turning fire, and perforated with one or two holes at the extremity of the same diameter. 1873 W. H. Browne Art Pyrotechny viii. 87 Saxons..[are] used largely in the construction of set pieces; they are sometimes called Chinese flyers. 5. Entomology. A night-moth, Hadena rectilinea. ΚΠ 1869 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Moths 423. B. adj. 1. a. Of or belonging to the Saxons (see A. 1). Formerly often used (like Anglo-Saxon) as the distinctive epithet of the Old English language, and of books written in it, and of the period of English history between the conquest of Britain by the Saxons, Angles, and Jutes, and the Norman Conquest. †Saxon Angles = Anglo-Saxons. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Germanic people > ancient Germanic peoples > [adjective] > Saxons SaxishOE West Saxona1387 Saxonish1549 Saxon1568 Saxonical1577 East Saxon1606 Anglo-Saxon1652 Saxonic1678 1568 J. Jewel Let. 18 Jan. in Wks. (1850) IV. 1273 I..have found..one book written in the Saxon tongue... It may be Alfricus for all my cunning. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. v. 63 Ryme is a borrowed word from the Greeks by the Latines and French, from them by vs Saxon angles. 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 24 The Saxon letter Thorne. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xxv. 523 The Saxon pirates. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxviii. 610 The obscure hints of the Saxon laws and chronicles. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. i. 22 That last scion of Saxon royalty. 1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. 581 Greek, Hebrew, Saxon, &c., or any of the dead characters. 1840 J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis Pref. p. x An interlinear version into the Saxon language. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 130 In Ireland Scot and Southron were strongly bound together by their common Saxon origin. 1862 W. H. Jervis Hist. France (1872) v. §6. 65 Witikind became the hero of the Saxon resistance. b. Used to denote the element of the English tongue which is derived from Anglo-Saxon. †Saxon-English adj. See also English-Saxon adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > Old English Saxony1565 English-Saxon1566 Old English?1566 Saxon1589 Anglo-Saxonic1672 Anglo-Saxona1675 Saxonic1678 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xxx. 47 This word (song) which is our naturall Saxon English word. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 85 Our vulgar Saxon English standing most vpon wordes monosillable. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xii. 89 Not content with the vsual Normane or Saxon word. 1614 R. Carew Excellencie Eng. Tongue in W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 37 In our natiue English–Saxon language. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes v. 307 Wheresoever a Saxon dialect is spoken. 1849 F. W. Newman Soul 71 Poetry must have Saxon vocables. 1860 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough 2 Mr. Sawyer's fluency in all Saxon expletives is undeniable. c. Used (primarily by Celtic speakers: see A. 1b) for ‘English’ in contradistinction to Welsh and Irish or Gaelic. Also, in wider sense, applied, like Anglo-Saxon, to the people of England and of the other English-speaking communities, chiefly in contradistinction to ‘Latin’. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > English nation > [adjective] EnglisheOE Southron1488 poke pudding1705 John Bull1787 Saxon1787 John Bullish1793 Hinglish1812 Angrezi1855 Angrez1896 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 314 The Saxon lads, wi' loud placads, On Chatham's Boy did ca', man. a1845 C. G. Duffy in Spirit of Nation 3 Saxon wiles or Saxon powers Can enslave our land no longer Than your own dissensions wrong her. 1847 R. W. Emerson Uses Great Men in Wks. (1906) I. 282 Every child of the Saxon race is educated to wish to be first. 1862 C. S. Calverley Verses & Transl. (1894) 49 Then nectar—was that beer, or whisky~toddy? Some say the Gaelic mixture, I the Saxon. 1893 C. G. Leland Memoirs II. 64 I never found a Saxon-Englishman who had this step. d. Architecture. Used to designate the special variety of Romanesque architecture used in England in the ‘Saxon period’. (Formerly often misapplied to early Norman buildings.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > Saxon and Norman Saxon17.. Anglo-Norman1735 Norman1773 Normanesque1836 17.. W. Warburton Note on Pope's Ep. Ld. Burlington 29 This, by way of distinction, I would call the Saxon Architecture. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. v. 107 This Saxon style begins to be defined by flat and round arches. 1797 Encycl. Brit. II. 222/1 Those arcades we see in the early Norman or Saxon buildings or walls. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed xiii, in Tales Crusaders I. 242 With doors and windows forming the heavy round arch which is usually called Saxon. 2. a. Of or belonging to Saxony in its modern German sense. (See A. 3.) ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Germany > [adjective] > parts of Germany Suevical1560 Swevical1560 Prussian1565 Suevian1574 Thuringian1607 Franconian1608 Suevic1638 High German1640 Saxonic1647 Saxon1654 Swabian1684 Saxonian1761 Hanoverian1775 Low German1808 East German1849 West German1850 West German1946 Balt1954 1654 Trag. Alphonsus iii. 37 With Saxon lansknights and brunt-bearing Switzers. 1737 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 3/1 The thriving..Trade of all sorts of Saxon Cloths. 1842 T. B. Macaulay Frederic the Great in Ess. (near beginning) Even Frederic William, with all his rugged Saxon prejudices, thought it necessary that his children should know French. 1842 J. Bischoff Comprehensive Hist. Woollen Manuf. II. 363 The indigenous Saxon breed [of sheep] resembled that of the neighbouring states. b. Saxon blue = Saxony blue n. at Saxony n. 2. Saxon green: cobalt green. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > green colouring matter > [noun] > pigment or dye > other pigments vert1481 verditer1505 green bice1548 sap1572 sap-green1578 terre-verte1658 verditer1665 ultramarine blue (or colour)1686 emerald1712 Prussian green1738 Saxon green1753 verditel1778 Brunswick green1790 mountain green1822 Vienna green1825 bladder-green1830 Verona green1835 mitis green1839 Paris green1847 Hooker's green1860 Guignet's green1862 emerald green1879 silk green1880 viridian1882 Cassel green1885 Milori green1885 Victoria green1890 Montpellier green1930 cadmium green1934 guaco1936 Monastral1936 the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs > other dyes stone-blue1675 starch blue1742 Saxon blue1753 fig-blue1786 chemic1792 Turkey blue1815 Paris blue1835 Saxony blue1857 soluble blue1879 methylene blue1882 indoin1884 phenylene blue1884 indamine1888 Nile blue1888 gallamine blue1889 neutral blue1889 chrome-blue1892 toluidine blue1898 indanthrene1901 Saxe blue1905 trypan blue1911 mandarin blue1912 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxxv. 215 The blues and greens, commonly called Saxon, are best dyed in this place. 1766 W. Gordon Gen. Counting-house 428 2 Saxon-green durants. 1771 P. Woulfe in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 61 127 Saxon blues..are made by dissolving indigo in oil of vitriol. 1775 B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. 19 The color of the water changes..to a beautiful saxon blue. 1804 tr. P. F. Tingry Painter & Varnisher's Guide 302 Smalt, or the vitreous oxide of saffer, reduced to coarse powder, is distinguished by the name of coarse Saxon blue, or enamel blue. 1968 E. Brill Old Cotswold v. 85 It is sometimes mixed with indigo, or in the old days with woad, to give what dyers call Saxon Green. 1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 12 Nov. (Advt. Suppl.) 14/3 1973 Vauxhall Viva. Saxon blue... £1095. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.adj.1297 |
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