blackfishn.

Brit.

/ˈblakfɪʃ/, U.S.

/ˈblækˌfɪʃ/

Forms: see black adj. and n. and fish n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., fish n.¹

Etymology: < black adj. + fish n.¹The derivatives black-fisher and black-fishing , while linked to sense 1, are used in Scotland with reference to the illegal catching of salmon at night by torchlight (sometimes regarded as the origin of the terms).

1. Originally and chiefly Scottish. An Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar), esp. a female, just after spawning. Cf. red fish n. 1a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > after spawning

keltc1340

blackfish1551

float fish1794

slat1870

1551 in W. Cramond Ann. Banff (1891) I. 29 The wrangus slaying of blak fysch in the watter of Doverne.

1620 in W. Fraser Chiefs of Grant (1883) III. 320 To be convict..for slauchter of kipper or black fische in forbiddin tyme.

1696 Statutes (Scottish) c. 33 (title) Act against killers of black fish, and destroyers of the fry and smolts of salmon.

?1765 State of Process D. Macdonald against Duke of Gordon 16 The masters did not allow their killing of any black fish.

1803 J. Walker in Prize Ess. & Trans. Highland Soc. Scotl. 2 364 The salmon in these states are termed in our acts of Parliament, Red and Black Fish.

1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 10 The body partakes of the golden orange tinge, and the Salmon in this state is called a red-fish. The females are dark in colour, and are as commonly called black-fish.

1902 Scotsman 9 Sept. 7/2 Natives of upper waters therefore speak of the red fish and the black fish.

a. Any of various dark-coloured fishes (and other marine creatures) of the Old World; esp. (in later use) the rudderfish, Centrolophus niger (family Centrolophidae).In quot. 1688: a squid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Stromatoidei > lirus perciformis (barrel-fish)

blackfish1601

rudderfish1818

barrel-fish1884

log-fish1884

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxii. vii. 438 Semblably the gall of the blacke fish Coracinus quickeneth the eye-sight [Fr. le fiel du Corp est aussi fort propre à eclarcir la veüe; L. et coracini fel excitat visum].

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xiv. 342/1 A Sleeve, of some called a Black fish: by reason it is all black as inck with in.

1754 W. Borlase Observ. Antiq. Cornwall 271 Black ruffe, synonym Black~fish.

1861 J. T. Blight Week at Land's End 142 During the mackerel-season the blackfish of Gesner, Coryphæna Pompilus, is not of rare occurrence.

1910 T. W. Bridge in Cambr. Nat. Hist. VII. xxii. 643 The Black-Fish (Centrolophus niger)..and the Rudder-Fish..have occurred, at rare intervals, on the British coasts.

1999 G. Bianchi et al. Field Guide Living Marine Resources Namibia 188 Centrolophus niger... FAO names: En—Black fish.

b. North American. Either of two dark-coloured marine fishes of the west Atlantic of the family Labridae, the tautog, Tautoga onitis, and a common sea bass, Centropristis striata.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of genus Centropristis (black sea-bass)

bass1530

blackfish1765

sea bass1765

black perch1836

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Labrioidei (wrasse) > [noun] > family Labridae > tautog

tautog1750

blackfish1842

oysterfish1855

nipper1884

1765 R. Rogers Conc. Acct. N. Amer. 68 In the sea adjacent to this island [sc. Long Island] are sea-bass and black-fish in great plenty.

1842 J. E. DeKay Zool. N.Y. IV. 176 The Common Black-fish, or Tautog,..is a well known and savory fish.

1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 39 The Sea Bass is also known south of Cape Hatteras as the ‘Blackfish’.

1914 C. F. Holder Salt Water Game Fishing i. 13 Here we have the bluefish, the swordfish (Xiphias), the striped bass, halibut, the pollock, blackfish, and mackerel, distinctively game fishes.

1939 Fishes (Nat. Geogr. Soc.) 84 The common sea bass..is..known..almost always as blackfish in the southern states.

1975 V. Evanoff Best Ways to catch More Fish 105 Another popular bottom fish..is the blackfish or tautog.

2001 N.Y. Times 11 Feb. viii. 4/5 Then came three dogfish sharks and a bevy of small, pesky bergalls, cunners to some, and the only relative to blackfish in these northern latitudes.

c. Australian and New Zealand. Any of several dark-coloured Australasian fishes; esp. the luderick, Girella tricuspidata (family Kyphosidae), of coastal waters, and a slender freshwater fish, Gadopsis marmoratus (family Percichthyidae), of Australian rivers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > member of family Gadopsidae (black fish)

blackfish1790

1790 R. Clark MS Jrnl. 15 June in Austral. Nat. Dict. (1988) (at cited word) Four fish of which number there was a large black fish.

1831 Acct. Colony Van Diemen's Land 54 Some fine fish are caught in this river, called black fish, occasionally from 2 to 3 feet in length.

1850 J. B. Clutterbuck Port Phillip iii. 44 The Schnapper, blackfish and eel.

1879 F. McCoy Prodromus Zool. Victoria I. iii. 39 Gadopsis gracilis... The Yarra Blackfish.

1922 N.Z. Jrnl. Sci. & Technol. 5 92 Mangrove-fish, or Blackfish. Common in Auckland throughout the year. Sold as ‘blackfish’.

1962 L. Wedlick Fishing in Austral. iii. 76 The blackfish is a poor fighter.

1986 L. J. Paul N.Z. Fishes 101 Parore... Known variously as blackfish, black snapper, black bream, and mangrove fish.

3. A pilot whale (genus Globicephala). Also: the killer whale, Orcinus orca (now rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types of

huddon?c1370

whirlpoolc1450

thirlepollc1460

physeter1581

whirl-about1605

whirl-whale1606

thurlhead1610

black whale1615

blackfish1688

bonefish1752

pollack1774

Algerine1849

sea-boar1859

oil-butt1937

1688 S. Sewall Diary (1878) I. 239 [We saw] a number of Fishes called Bottle-noses. Some say they are Cow-fish or Black-fish.

1747 W. Douglass Summary State Brit. Settlements N.-Amer. I. ii. 58 Black Fish, i.e. Grampus of 6 to 10 Barrels Oil, Bottle-nose of 3 or 4 Barrels, may (like Sheep) be driven ashore by Boats.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 398 Black fish, a sort of whale ‘of about five tons weight’.

1837 W. B. Rhodes Whaling Jrnl. Barque ‘Australian’ Feb. (1954) 42 Saw nothing worthy of notice, excepting blackfish and porpoises.

1879 A. R. Wallace Australasia xxi. 428 The people of Solor..capture the small whales called black-fish.

1906 Metrop. Mag. June 297/1 They [sc. killer whales] pass under various names as black fish, killer, orca, kill fish, sea tiger, and deserve all the titles.

1964 O. Ruhen in C. K. Stead N.Z. Short Stories (1976) 2nd Ser. 32 On another occasion we passed a school of black-fish—little blunt-headed whales perhaps twenty feet long.

2001 A. MacLeod No Great Mischief xv. 98 ‘Look,’ he said excitedly, ‘the blackfish, the pilot whales.’

Derivatives

(In sense 1, relating to the illegal catching of salmon.)

ˈblack-fisher n. Scottish (now rare) a fisherman who catches salmon just after they have spawned.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for salmon

lax-fisher1543

black-fisher1643

salmon-fisherc1650

amphibiia1678

leisterer1843

1643 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1872) IV. 1 The chairges..for repressing of blakfishers and slayers of kepper and smolts in forbiddin tyme.

1794 J. Sinclair et al. Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. xxiii. 294 The black-fishers, provided with spears,..wade up and down upon the shallows, preceded by a great torch... By this light the fish are soon discerned.

1863 W. F. Campbell & J. F. Campbell Life in Normandy II. 55 Black-fisher..is the name given to the poachers who kill salmon when they are out of season.

1908 J. Buchan Some 18th Cent. Byways 228 She sympathised warmly in her husband's tastes, and gipsies and black-fishers were sure of their protection.

ˈblack-fishing n. Scottish (now rare) the catching of salmon just after they have spawned.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for salmon > manner of

wastering1580

black-fishing1794

sunning1843

burning1844

sun-leister1847

1794 J. Sinclair et al. Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. xxiii. 294 The practice of black-fishing is so called, because it is performed in the night time, or because the fish are then [sc. when spawning] black or foul.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. ii. 24 The holding of a black-fishing, or poaching court.

1898 Aberdeen Weekly Jrnl. 28 Dec. The salmon laws were being gradually more and more enforced... It was our last Christmas at the ‘black-fishing’.

1901 Daily Chon. 15 Dec. 3/3 In those days‘black fishing’ was not the illegality it now is.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	blackfish
释义	blackfishn. Brit. /ˈblakfɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈblækˌfɪʃ/ Forms: see black adj. and n. and fish n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., fish n.¹ Etymology: < black adj. + fish n.¹The derivatives black-fisher and black-fishing , while linked to sense 1, are used in Scotland with reference to the illegal catching of salmon at night by torchlight (sometimes regarded as the origin of the terms). 1. Originally and chiefly Scottish. An Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar), esp. a female, just after spawning. Cf. red fish n. 1a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > after spawning keltc1340 blackfish1551 float fish1794 slat1870 1551 in W. Cramond Ann. Banff (1891) I. 29 The wrangus slaying of blak fysch in the watter of Doverne. 1620 in W. Fraser Chiefs of Grant (1883) III. 320 To be convict..for slauchter of kipper or black fische in forbiddin tyme. 1696 Statutes (Scottish) c. 33 (title) Act against killers of black fish, and destroyers of the fry and smolts of salmon. ?1765 State of Process D. Macdonald against Duke of Gordon 16 The masters did not allow their killing of any black fish. 1803 J. Walker in Prize Ess. & Trans. Highland Soc. Scotl. 2 364 The salmon in these states are termed in our acts of Parliament, Red and Black Fish. 1836 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Fishes II. 10 The body partakes of the golden orange tinge, and the Salmon in this state is called a red-fish. The females are dark in colour, and are as commonly called black-fish. 1902 Scotsman 9 Sept. 7/2 Natives of upper waters therefore speak of the red fish and the black fish. 2. a. Any of various dark-coloured fishes (and other marine creatures) of the Old World; esp. (in later use) the rudderfish, Centrolophus niger (family Centrolophidae).In quot. 1688: a squid. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > [noun] > suborder Stromatoidei > lirus perciformis (barrel-fish) blackfish1601 rudderfish1818 barrel-fish1884 log-fish1884 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxii. vii. 438 Semblably the gall of the blacke fish Coracinus quickeneth the eye-sight [Fr. le fiel du Corp est aussi fort propre à eclarcir la veüe; L. et coracini fel excitat visum]. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xiv. 342/1 A Sleeve, of some called a Black fish: by reason it is all black as inck with in. 1754 W. Borlase Observ. Antiq. Cornwall 271 Black ruffe, synonym Black~fish. 1861 J. T. Blight Week at Land's End 142 During the mackerel-season the blackfish of Gesner, Coryphæna Pompilus, is not of rare occurrence. 1910 T. W. Bridge in Cambr. Nat. Hist. VII. xxii. 643 The Black-Fish (Centrolophus niger)..and the Rudder-Fish..have occurred, at rare intervals, on the British coasts. 1999 G. Bianchi et al. Field Guide Living Marine Resources Namibia 188 Centrolophus niger... FAO names: En—Black fish. b. North American. Either of two dark-coloured marine fishes of the west Atlantic of the family Labridae, the tautog, Tautoga onitis, and a common sea bass, Centropristis striata. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Serranidae (sea-bass) > [noun] > member of genus Centropristis (black sea-bass) bass1530 blackfish1765 sea bass1765 black perch1836 the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Labrioidei (wrasse) > [noun] > family Labridae > tautog tautog1750 blackfish1842 oysterfish1855 nipper1884 1765 R. Rogers Conc. Acct. N. Amer. 68 In the sea adjacent to this island [sc. Long Island] are sea-bass and black-fish in great plenty. 1842 J. E. DeKay Zool. N.Y. IV. 176 The Common Black-fish, or Tautog,..is a well known and savory fish. 1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 39 The Sea Bass is also known south of Cape Hatteras as the ‘Blackfish’. 1914 C. F. Holder Salt Water Game Fishing i. 13 Here we have the bluefish, the swordfish (Xiphias), the striped bass, halibut, the pollock, blackfish, and mackerel, distinctively game fishes. 1939 Fishes (Nat. Geogr. Soc.) 84 The common sea bass..is..known..almost always as blackfish in the southern states. 1975 V. Evanoff Best Ways to catch More Fish 105 Another popular bottom fish..is the blackfish or tautog. 2001 N.Y. Times 11 Feb. viii. 4/5 Then came three dogfish sharks and a bevy of small, pesky bergalls, cunners to some, and the only relative to blackfish in these northern latitudes. c. Australian and New Zealand. Any of several dark-coloured Australasian fishes; esp. the luderick, Girella tricuspidata (family Kyphosidae), of coastal waters, and a slender freshwater fish, Gadopsis marmoratus (family Percichthyidae), of Australian rivers. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Percoidei > [noun] > member of family Gadopsidae (black fish) blackfish1790 1790 R. Clark MS Jrnl. 15 June in Austral. Nat. Dict. (1988) (at cited word) Four fish of which number there was a large black fish. 1831 Acct. Colony Van Diemen's Land 54 Some fine fish are caught in this river, called black fish, occasionally from 2 to 3 feet in length. 1850 J. B. Clutterbuck Port Phillip iii. 44 The Schnapper, blackfish and eel. 1879 F. McCoy Prodromus Zool. Victoria I. iii. 39 Gadopsis gracilis... The Yarra Blackfish. 1922 N.Z. Jrnl. Sci. & Technol. 5 92 Mangrove-fish, or Blackfish. Common in Auckland throughout the year. Sold as ‘blackfish’. 1962 L. Wedlick Fishing in Austral. iii. 76 The blackfish is a poor fighter. 1986 L. J. Paul N.Z. Fishes 101 Parore... Known variously as blackfish, black snapper, black bream, and mangrove fish. 3. A pilot whale (genus Globicephala). Also: the killer whale, Orcinus orca (now rare). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous types of huddon?c1370 whirlpoolc1450 thirlepollc1460 physeter1581 whirl-about1605 whirl-whale1606 thurlhead1610 black whale1615 blackfish1688 bonefish1752 pollack1774 Algerine1849 sea-boar1859 oil-butt1937 1688 S. Sewall Diary (1878) I. 239 [We saw] a number of Fishes called Bottle-noses. Some say they are Cow-fish or Black-fish. 1747 W. Douglass Summary State Brit. Settlements N.-Amer. I. ii. 58 Black Fish, i.e. Grampus of 6 to 10 Barrels Oil, Bottle-nose of 3 or 4 Barrels, may (like Sheep) be driven ashore by Boats. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 398 Black fish, a sort of whale ‘of about five tons weight’. 1837 W. B. Rhodes Whaling Jrnl. Barque ‘Australian’ Feb. (1954) 42 Saw nothing worthy of notice, excepting blackfish and porpoises. 1879 A. R. Wallace Australasia xxi. 428 The people of Solor..capture the small whales called black-fish. 1906 Metrop. Mag. June 297/1 They [sc. killer whales] pass under various names as black fish, killer, orca, kill fish, sea tiger, and deserve all the titles. 1964 O. Ruhen in C. K. Stead N.Z. Short Stories (1976) 2nd Ser. 32 On another occasion we passed a school of black-fish—little blunt-headed whales perhaps twenty feet long. 2001 A. MacLeod No Great Mischief xv. 98 ‘Look,’ he said excitedly, ‘the blackfish, the pilot whales.’ Derivatives (In sense 1, relating to the illegal catching of salmon.) ˈblack-fisher n. Scottish (now rare) a fisherman who catches salmon just after they have spawned. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fisher > [noun] > for salmon lax-fisher1543 black-fisher1643 salmon-fisherc1650 amphibiia1678 leisterer1843 1643 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1872) IV. 1 The chairges..for repressing of blakfishers and slayers of kepper and smolts in forbiddin tyme. 1794 J. Sinclair et al. Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. xxiii. 294 The black-fishers, provided with spears,..wade up and down upon the shallows, preceded by a great torch... By this light the fish are soon discerned. 1863 W. F. Campbell & J. F. Campbell Life in Normandy II. 55 Black-fisher..is the name given to the poachers who kill salmon when they are out of season. 1908 J. Buchan Some 18th Cent. Byways 228 She sympathised warmly in her husband's tastes, and gipsies and black-fishers were sure of their protection. ˈblack-fishing n. Scottish (now rare) the catching of salmon just after they have spawned. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing for type of fish > [noun] > for salmon > manner of wastering1580 black-fishing1794 sunning1843 burning1844 sun-leister1847 1794 J. Sinclair et al. Statist. Acct. Scotl. XII. xxiii. 294 The practice of black-fishing is so called, because it is performed in the night time, or because the fish are then [sc. when spawning] black or foul. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. ii. 24 The holding of a black-fishing, or poaching court. 1898 Aberdeen Weekly Jrnl. 28 Dec. The salmon laws were being gradually more and more enforced... It was our last Christmas at the ‘black-fishing’. 1901 Daily Chon. 15 Dec. 3/3 In those days‘black fishing’ was not the illegality it now is. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1551
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