Scotchadj.n.³

Brit.

/skɒtʃ/, U.S.

/skɑtʃ/

Forms: late Middle English Scoche, 1500s Scotche, 1500s Scotsch, 1500s– Scotch, 1600s Scoch, 1600s Scot'sh, 1600s Scotsh; Scottish pre-1700 Skotsh, pre-1700 1700s Scotsh, pre-1700 1700s– Scotch, 1700s Scotssh, 1800s– Scoatch.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: Scottish adj.

Etymology: Variant (with contraction of the suffix) of Scottish adj. Compare the Germanic forms cited at Scottish adj. Compare earlier Scots adj.The three adjectives Scotch , Scottish , Scots , are all still current, but differ in usage. Up to the middle of the 16th cent. the usual form in most of England was Scottish ; whereas in the north of England and in Scotland the usual form was Scottis (compare α. forms at Scots adj. and n.), subsequently contracted to Scots (compare β. forms at Scots adj. and n.). The southern form Scottish begins to appear in Scottish sources in the mid 16th cent., earliest in senses relating to the language (compare Scottish adj. 4 and Scottish n. 3). From about the same time forms of the Scottis type also occur more regularly in sources from England (compare e.g. quots. a1505 at Scotsman n. 1 and 1573 at Scots-Irish n. 1), although there is an apparently isolated Middle English example from London, in an Anglo-Norman context (see quot. 1346 at Scots adj. 1a). The contraction of Scottis to Scots first appears in the second half of the 16th cent., almost simultaneously in Scotland (compare quot. ?c1568 at Scots adj. 1a) and England (compare quot. 1573 at Scots-Irish n. 1). The contraction of Scottish to Scotch is first recorded in late Middle English in the compound Scotchman n. (see quot. 1407 at sense A. 1a), but then not until the second half of the 16th cent. (see quot. 1563 at sense A. 1a). From that time until the mid 19th cent. Scotch supersedes Scottish as the prevailing form (in all registers) in England (with the latter remaining available as a less common and markedly formal synonym). Scotch first appears in Scotland in the late 16th cent. (earliest in the form Skotsh), becoming more common in the following cent. Until the mid 18th cent. Scots and Scottish were preferred in literary use in Scotland, but by the end of the 18th cent. (partly reflecting the vogue for anglicization) Scotch had also become accepted in literary use, and is frequently used e.g. by Burns and Scott. In the 19th cent. Scotch even occurs in official language in Scotland (reflecting usage in London), e.g. in the name of the ‘Scotch Education Department’ (1872, renamed the ‘Scottish Education Department’ in 1918). Uncertainty among the educated classes in Scotland concerning the relative ‘correctness’ of the three competing terms may be noted as early as the late 18th cent., and by the mid 19th cent. there is a growing tendency among educated speakers to favour the more formal Scottish or (less frequently) the more traditional Scots over what was perceived as the more vulgar Scotch . By the beginning of the 20th cent. disapproval of Scotch by educated Scots was so great that its use had become something of a shibboleth (much to the bafflement of speakers outside Scotland for whom this was the usual word). During the 20th cent. educated usage in England gradually began to adapt in deference to the perceived Scottish preferences. Paradoxically, for working-class Scots (as indeed for all speakers of Scots, as opposed to Scottish standard English) Scotch has remained in common use. In current British standard usage (following educated Scottish usage) Scottish is now the preferred adjective, especially in applications relating to the nation or the country at large or its institutions or characteristics, with Scotch retained chiefly as a relic form in certain fixed collocations (e.g. Scotch whisky n. and Scotch broth n. at Compounds 2; compare also quot. 2003 below). Nevertheless, many speakers in England still adhere to the older usage, and for speakers of English outside Britain Scotch continues to be used more generally (although awareness of recent changes in British standard usage is increasing). Scots is also in use as adjective (more commonly in Scotland), but chiefly in specific contexts, most prominently with reference to the Scots language (compare Scots adj. 3, Scots n. 1) and to Scots law (compare Scots adj. 4). It is also in historical use designating (now disused) monetary units (compare Scots adj. 1b) and measurement (compare Scots adj. and n. Compounds 2) and the ancient inhabitants of Scotland as distinct from the modern Scottish people (compare Scots adj. 2), and is also common in the names of regiments (compare e.g. Scots Guard n. 2 and Scots adj. 6b; compare note at sense A. 1b). Scottish is rarely used as a noun and only with reference either to the people or to varieties of the English language (compare Scottish n.); Scots is only used as a noun with reference to language, where it is now the usual word (compare Scots n.); Scotch is used as a noun in a number of senses reflecting shortening of earlier collocations (compare sense B. 3). As a collective noun denoting the inhabitants of Scotland (compare sense B. 1), the preferred word is now Scots , plural of Scot n.¹ 2 (compare also Scotsman n., Scotswoman n.). For examples of (comment on) the use of Scotch (variously as adjective and noun) in recent centuries compare the following:1782 J. Sinclair Observ. Sc. Dial. 4 The Scotch language is acknowledged to be a dialect of the Saxon or Old English... The Scotch [erratum: Scots] having retained many words and phrases which have fallen into disuse among the English.1794 J. Ritson Sc. Songs I. Pref. p. i The word Scottish is an improper orthography of Scotish; Scotch is still more corrupt, and Scots (as an adjective) a national barbarism.1802 W. Scott Lett. (1932) I. 157 Scotch must be spelld Scots to keep up the orthography of the antique age.1807 T. E. Ritchie Life of D. Hume 355 Scotch, which he used indiscriminately for the substantive Scots, and the adjective Scottish, is discarded.1858 Glasgow Herald 9 Oct. The word ‘Scotch’ is a horrid vulgarism, and as barbarous as vulgar.1902 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) 23 Aug. 7 Why is it that a Scotchman is so often ashamed of being called a Scotchman? He must be a Scot, or a Scotsman, or a North Briton, or a Caledonian, or a ‘brither Scot’, or anything, forsooth, except what he really is—a Scotchman!1910 N.E.D. at Scotchman The prevalent form used by Scotch people was Scotsman n.1936 Eng. Stud. 18 335 An Englishman has just returned from a holiday in Scotland... ‘I got into hot water several times through my ignorance of Scotch, Scottish, or Scot desires,’ he confesses, ‘and when I referred to a Scotchman, a Scotsman, or a Scot, I did so in fear and trembling lest I should use the wrong term’.1943 Sun (Baltimore) 25 June 12/7 My father came from Invernesshire and certainly never restricted the use of Scotch to the whiskey. It is only in recent years that certain Anglo-American friends have made me feel guilty of committing a particularly bourgeois faux pas by using the word. We always looked on Scottish as rather affected, overly poetic.1947 ‘G. Orwell’ in Daily Herald 27 Feb. 2/3 If a Scotsman objects to being called a Scotchman,..it is only the most ordinary politeness to do what is asked of one.1957 M. West & P. F. Kimber Deskbk. Correct Eng. 151 As a useful general rule use Scots and Scottish for people, but Scotch for things.1976 Times 11 May 15/3 Professor Trevor Roper..tries to irritate and provoke by using the word ‘Scotch’ knowing well that many decent Scots..have come to regard this as a demeaning adjective.1984 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 16 Dec. In North America, the descendants of the early migrants from Scotland generally haven't objected to Scotch, being farther removed from the English. So Scotch remains in use here, in practically all contexts, with no offense given or taken.1993 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Scots [Aberdeenshire] We jist say Scotch. I regard Doric as literary too.2000 J. Robertson Fanatic 111 He [sc. Walter Scott] was a toff but a Scotch yin at least. He could speak Scotch wi the best o them.2003 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 20 June 26 Sales of Scottish red meat are set to increase by at least £45m as many of the UK's leading supermarkets are persuaded to put more Scotch beef, lamb and pork on their shelves.2005 Tully Castle Guide Card (Northern Ireland Environment Agency) Eftèr tha Flittin o tha Yarls in 1607, the croon tuk owre tha lanns o Gaelick chiefs in Ulstèr an made oot grants o big bits o it tae Inglish an Scotch ‘plantèrs’. With use as adjective referring to a Scottish system of weights and measures (sense A. 1c) compare slightly earlier Scots adj. 1c. As regards the related phrases ( Compounds 3), the equivalent constructions with Scots are consistently earlier (compare Scots adj. and n. Compounds 2) and are also now more common. There are no regular equivalent uses of Scottish . With use as noun referring to whisky (sense B. 3c) compare earlier Irish n. 3c and Scotch whisky n. at Compounds 2.

A. adj.

a. Of or belonging to Scotland or its inhabitants; = Scottish adj. 2.Recorded earliest in Scotchman n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > Scotland > [adjective]

ScottisheOE

Scots1346

Scotch1407

Albanian1565

Scotian1607

Caledonian1656

Albanic1789

tartan1954

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Scots nation > [adjective] > relating to

Scotch1407

1407 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1709) VIII. 481 (MED) Adam Belle, Scocheman (alias dictus Armiger), Serviens ipsius Comitis.

1563 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) xxxviii. 400 The advancement of the Scotch Title to succede to the English Crown.

1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. ii. xv. 61 Fergus out of Ireland did the Chaire of Marble bring: In which, instal'd the first Scotch King in Albion.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 68 The first suite is hot and hasty like a Scotch ijgge (and ful as fantasticall).

1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) Acre, an old sort of Duel fought by single Combatants, English and Scotch, between the Frontiers of their Kingdom, with Sword and Lance.

1733 S.-Carolina Gaz. 7 Apr. 4/3 (advt.) To be sold..cut Tobacco, Scotch Snuff, and Pigtail.

1785 M. Lonsdale Spanish Rivals (new ed.) 7 I have stuck to my master like a Scotch plaid, in all weathers.

1820 Trials for High Treason Scot. (1825) I. 93 We are here to deal with Scotch law in a Scottish court.

1854 C. Norton Eng. Laws for Women in 19th Cent. 143 A Scotch lady in Scotland can divorce her husband a vinculo, so as to marry again.

1893 T. Hardy Let. 6 Oct. in One Rare Fair Woman (1972) 28 Lady J[eune]..played and sang at least a dozen Scotch ballads to me.

1928 Sunday Disp. 8 July 22/7 A considerable time has passed since a Scotch boxer received such a good Press in the South.

1965 V. Canning Whip Hand xii. 143 We had..Scotch salmon with a cucumber salad.

2005 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 14 Aug. 20/1 One wanders around in a dwam, assailed by artistes who are drawn in August to the trauchled Scotch capital like pigs to swill.

b. Military. Originally: = Scots adj. 6a. Later: = Scots adj. 6b. Now chiefly historical.Since the early 19th cent. the official names of the various British Army regiments composed of Scottish soldiers have used Scots or Scottish; except in historical use Scotch is now a less formal designation.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > band of mercenaries > [noun] > specific

Scots Brigadec1600

Scottish Guard1629

Scottish1632

Scotch1637

Scots Dutch1893

1637 H. Hexham True & Briefe Relation Famous Seige of Breda 15 Sir Iames Sandalien, Coronell of a Scotch Regiment, commanding then in Count Williams approches.

1690 tr. G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. xx. 277 (margin) A Scotch Troop from Denmark, comes to help the Royalists.

1752 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. III. 223 The captainship of the Scotch Guards.

1756 Act 29 Geo. II c. 17 §5 The Corps in the Service of..the United Provinces, distinguished by the Name of The Scotch Brigade.

1816 J. Scott Paris Revisited vi. 140 At this moment the Scotch Greys poured in upon the enemy as a flood.

1853 Bizarre 5 Nov. 73/1 British forces in America, in 1761... 2d Battalion of 1 (or Royal Scotch Regiment) of foot.

1895 Jrnl. Ex-Libris Soc. 4 76/2 The French Kings always had a regiment of Scotch Guards as a corps d' elite in their army.

1915 C. Moore Hist. Michigan IV. 2054 He having been a member of the infantry regiment known as the Forty-second Scotch Greys.

2004 Linlithgow Today (Nexis) 2 July The colours, originally awarded to the Scotch Brigade in 1795, were carried throughout the Brigade's Indian service.

c. Designating weights and measures formerly used in Scotland. Now historical. See also Compounds 3, and cf. Scots adj. 1c.The units of the Scottish system were standardized from 1661 onwards, although local variation still remained after this date. An Act of Parliament in 1824 imposed the English equivalents of these units.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > [adjective] > serving as a unit of measurement > standard (of units) > specific standard

Scots1632

Scotch1638

Rhineland1646

metrical1797

imperial1814

international1857

metric1862

1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce cclxvi. 225 60 Ells hath made here 72 Scotch Ells.

1740 A. Wright Treat. Pract. Arithm. 19 The Scotch Foot is to the English as 186 to 185.

1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 718/1 The Scotch quart contains 210 inches.

1846 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 9 357/2 You obtain the area in terms of Scotch falls.

1876 Agriculturist's Calculator xli. 550 Of the standard bricks about 4500 are required for an English rod, and 5400 for a Scotch rood.

1909 C. D. Wright New Cent. Bk. Facts 462/1 The Scotch inch was a little longer than the English.

1992 Times (Nexis) 22 Feb. French ells were a yard and a half (54in), English ells 45in, Scotch ells 37in whilst Flemish ells were a paltry three quarters of a yard (27in).

d. Designating currency or monetary units formerly used in Scotland; = Scots adj. 1b. Now historical.Also as postmodifier.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [adjective] > Scottish

Scots1520

Scotch1638

1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce cclxvi. 224 20 d. sterl. is 1½ Mark Scotch or 1 pound Scotch of 20 shill.

1669 E. Chamberlayne Present State Eng. iii. viii. 261 Note that thirteen pence half penny Sterling, is accounted a Scotch Mark, or thirteen Shillings four pence Scotch.

1712 Mus. Thoresby (1713) 389 The Proportion betwixt the English and Scotch Pennies, Shillings and Pounds, was then (10 Eliz.) just as one to six, but before he [sc. James I] came into England, it was just doubled.

1724 J. Swift Some Observ. Wood's Half-pence 17 We have many Sorts of small Silver Coyns,..such as..the Scotch Five-pences and Ten-pences.

1770 W. Guthrie New Geogr. Gram. 85 Two Scotch pennies, amounting in the whole to two thirds of a farthing.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. vi. 115 At the rate of twelve shillings (Scotch) per diem.

1869 C. Clay Currency Isle of Man 19 The Scotch mark was, from earliest times, valued at 13¹/ ₂d., and weighed 4dwts. 8grs. in silver; and the Scotch noble or halfmark was valued at 6³/ ₄d.

1895 J. Mackintosh Hist. Civilization in Scotl. (new ed.) III. xxix. 327 In 1707, arrangements were made for changing the Scotch coinage into English.

1908 R. M. Garnier Ann. Brit. Peasantry xi. 170 The wages of labourers were all equal, consisting of about twelve pounds Scotch yearly.

2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons ii. ii. 50 There were..Dutch dog dollars, Scotch marks, Portuguese half joes, Peruvian crossdollars, and even one old smooth-worn bezant.

e. Typography (originally and chiefly U.S.). Designating any of a number of typefaces based on those used by the Scottish type founders of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, originally as developed by printers in the United States. See also Scotch-cut adj. at Compounds 2.The original ‘Scotch face’ imported to the United States was one sent from an Edinburgh foundry in 1837 to the printing firm of S. N. Dickinson in Boston, Massachusetts.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > style of type > [adjective] > others

modern1764

script1782

Caxtonian1811

Porsonian1813

antique type?1817

Aldine1837

Scotch1847

old-face1859

Times1860

old-faced1863

Fell type1883

Fournier1902

monotype1910

Goudy1933

monoline1962

slab serif1970

monospaced1972

1847 S. N. Dickinson Hand-bk. Specimen Printing Type Pref. Our Scotch Faces were selected from the very extensive Foundry of Alexander Wilson and Sons of Edinburgh and also from an eminent letter cutter of that city.

1853 in Ann. Rep. Amer. Bible Soc. (1861) III. 354 A Nonpareil Bible, 12mo., from Scotch type, a broad full-faced letter.

1899 T. L. De Vinne Pract. Typogr. vi. 214 The condensed form of Scotch-face is now out of fashion, for its long serifs and short hair-lines and its feminine delicacy of cut are not pleasing.

1922 D. B. Updike Printing Types II. xx. 193 As produced by Wilson it is a very handsome and serviceable letter, and in it we have another English type-family—the Scotch modern face.

1951 S. Jennett Making of Bks. xiv. 248 Bodoni is an excellent letter, but capable of great degeneration, and in Scotch Roman we see the degeneration commencing.

1992 A. Haley Typogr. Milestones 87/1 One of the challenges to himself in this design program was to create an updated version of the Scotch type style popular at the end of the nineteenth century.

2. Characteristic of Scotland or its people; having characteristics or qualities attributed to people or things from Scotland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Scots nation > [adjective]

ScottisheOE

Scots1346

Scotical1548

Scotch1609

North British1712

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > Scotland > [adjective] > characteristic of

Scotch1609

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Scots nation > [adjective] > characteristic of

Scottish1532

Scotsc1572

Scotch1609

Scottified1644

Scotchified1701

Scotchy1815

scotty1892

1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. vii. 32 You had bestowed forty shillings on an embrodered Felt and Feather, (scotch-fashion) for your mistres in the Court.

1684 T. D'Urfey Malecontent xi. 15 His spleenfull Nature..Would fain have taught us to agree To his Scotch way of Loyalty.

1721 E. Ward Merry Travellers: Pt. I 24 Some of a Scotch Complexion were, With freckly Cheeks and yellow Hair.

1786 J. Pinkerton Treasury of Wit I. p. xxxv There is, indeed, one species of wit which we call Scotch wit; and which I have observed to be almost peculiar to them.

1815 R. Bell Conveyance of Land Introd. 8 The statute acting (agreeably to Scotch ideas) as a charter of confirmation in favour of every subsequent purchaser.

1855 Knickerbocker Nov. 481 It was my ideal of genuine old English courtesy and Scotch hospitality.

1887 D. Hannay Life Smollett vii. 156 His family pride too is very Scotch.

1932 Amer. Speech 7 403 If you weren't so Scotch [i.e.: parsimonious] we could have a good time here.

1974 H. Zanstra in R. S. Cohen For Dirk Struik 489 The Scotsman, faithful to the Scotch character, was extremely careful.

2002 N.Y. Times 22 Sept. xiv. 12/3 Scotch-style salmon? ‘That's a New York invention.’

3. Designating plants and animals native to, originating in, or associated with Scotland. Cf. Scottish adj. 6, Scots adj. 7.See also Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [adjective] > plants or animals of a particular region > from specified region

EnglisheOE

Arabian1580

Scotch1610

West Indian1625

Scots1728

Creole1758

Californian1785

Nubian1790

Lusitanian1907

pantropical1913

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. iv. 8 So wee haue the Ripon Colt, Northerne Bilder, Scotch & Welch Nags, Irish Hobbie, Spanish Iennet.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Scotch-hobby, a little sorry, scrubbed, low Horse of that Country.

1726 D. Eaton Let. 31 Dec. (1971) 87 I think the Scotch cattell were dearer than if they had been bought in our country [i.e. district].

1795 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk (ed. 2) II. 381 Highlanders, Scotch cattle of the Highland breed.

1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 13 The Scotch Ringlet (Hipparchia Blandina, Leach) appears in August.

1874 Garden 5 Sept. 229/2 The Scotch Yew, Portugal Laurel, Holly, and the deciduous shrubs should be used as nurses for the trees.

1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 515/2 The chief breeds of coursing greyhounds now in vogue are the Newmarket, the Lancashire, and the Scotch.

1887 Field 18 June 845/3 Some people at Felling-on-Tyne..were taken in by buying skinned cats for ‘Scotch hares’.

1907 A. M. Kirby Daffodils, Narcissus, & how to grow Them 201 This double form of the wild Scotch daffodil, N. Scoticus, is..a very showy variety with white and yellow petals interspersed.

1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. iii. 73 The bluey is a type of cattle dog: originally a cross of the smooth-haired Scotch sheep dog and the dingo.

1955 E. B. Ford Moths xi. 153 The Scotch Annulet, Gnophos obfuscaria Schiff.,..is a species of extensive distribution but only in the north.

1980 A. Bell Sydney Smith 117 Scotch sheep provided material for Sydney's only contribution to agricultural literature.

1995 Denver Post 16 Jan. c5/3 American Highland cattle come from Scotch Highland cattle, one of the world's oldest known breeds.

4. Designating the variety of English spoken in (esp. lowland) Scotland; written or spoken in, or belonging to this variety; = Scots adj. 3. Cf. Scottish adj. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Celtic > Scottish

Erse1425

Irish1554

Scotch1633

Scots-Irish1652

Scotic1707

Scotch Gaelic1776

Scottish Gaelic1801

Scots Gaelic1820

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > of varieties of English > Scottish English

Scots1533

Scottish1559

Scotch1633

Scotic1647

Lowland Scots1724

lowland1752

Lallan1786

1633 W. Ames Fresh Suit against Human Ceremonies Pref. sig. d4^v/1 It savoureth of a spirit of rancor, as doth the like Foule speech, in the Scotch Dialogue.

1677 S. Speed Prison-pietie 188 Dram, in the scotch phrase.

1723 B. Bennet Def. Memorial Reformation 133 There are some few Scotch words, but more English.

1790 T. Wilkinson Mem. Own Life IV. 29 In the Scotch dialect I was very happy,..having resided two winters in Scotland.

1801 W. Beattie (title) Fruits of time parings: being a small collection of original poems: Scotch and English.

1829 W. Scott Rob Roy (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xc To secure the adherence of stout, able-bodied, and, as the Scotch phrase then went, pretty men.

1866 P. Mackenzie Reminisc. Glasgow & West of Scotl. II. xiv. 81 Mr. Daly could read Scotch writings tolerably well.

1935 Bull. & Scots Pict. 19 Jan. 9 The Scotch word ‘querne’ [read queme] may interest readers... It means ‘to smooth out’. I think it belongs to Lanarkshire.

1963 W. J. Bate John Keats xiv. 355 Brown wanted to fool him by getting Keats to compose a ballad in Scotch dialect that Dilke would think was genuine.

1990 in J. Faley Up oor Close ii. 41 Away back, every family had what they called a ‘kist’. Now, that's an old Scotch word for a chest.

5. colloquial and English regional. Designating a pedlar or itinerant trader (esp. a draper), esp. one who sells on credit. Cf. Scotchman n. 2. Now historical.Quot. 1641 may simply be an example of sense A. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [adjective] > pedlar

pedlary1551

pedlarly1617

Scotch1641

1641 Old Newes newly Revived sig. A2^v What he that gave the King a hundred horse against the Scotch Pedlers? is he fled for Religion too?

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Pedler One that sells small Wares about the Streets; a Hawker; a Scotch or wand'ring Merchant.

1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote II. xxii. 273 That so handsome a young man should have taken so odd a turn, and travel about the country like a Scotch pedlar.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. ix. 184 [He] spoke of Jarvie as a petulant, conceited Scotch pedlar, with whom there was no doing business.

1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Manadge-man, an itinerant vendor of goods on credit for household requirements. Sometimes called in Newcastle a ‘Scotch draper’.

1901 ‘G. Douglas’ House with Green Shutters 98 Sandy..had been a Scotch Cuddy in the Midlands.

1954 Times 23 Sept. 7/6 The host of tallymen, or Scotch drapers, who are busy in working-class districts.

1994 J. Benson Rise Consumer Society iii. ix. 211 Working-class shoppers knew too that they would have credit pressed upon them by the travelling salesmen (known as ‘talleymen’ or ‘Scotch drapers’) who for many years came round door-to-door selling clothing and similar items.

B. n.³

a. With plural agreement, and chiefly with the. Scottish people, soldiers, etc., considered collectively; the Scots.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Scots nation > [noun]

Scotledec1275

Scot-thedec1275

Scottisha1350

Scotryc1475

Scotch1603

1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars iv. xvii. 82 Three thousand souldiers, mustred men in pay, Of French, Scotch, Almaine, Swiser, and the Dutch.

1696 tr. J. Abbadie Hist. Conspiracy against King 30 To oblige the Scotch to support his falling Interest, he assur'd 'em, That they and their Posterity shou'd see the Effect of the Promises which he had so often made 'em.

1743 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 16 Sept. (1966) II. 310 Several Scotch pass here often.

1775 London Mag. May 222/1 His conduct at the bar, towards the Scotch, was illiberal and vindictive.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. iv. 79 The Scotch of the period were guilty of similar injustice to the English.

1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. xxviii. 337 Meanwhile, the Scotch were divided by a quarrel as to who should lead the van.

1903 P. W. Joyce Social Hist. Anc. Ireland I. iv. 117 The Scotch have retained this name to the present day in the form of ‘claymore’, which nearly represents the proper sound.

1936 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 44 233 The Scotch or ‘North Britons’..were more frequently skilled and industrious workmen.

1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Jan. 107/2 Since then I have had the greatest admiration for the education offered to, or seized by, the Scotch—Miss Murray's word and her grandfather's.

1994 R. Davies Cunning Man 403 ‘If she was come to hate her life you must let her go her way’. ‘Dree her weird, as the Scotch say’.

b. Scotch and English n. (also English and Scotch) now rare (esp. in the English-Scottish borderland) = French and English n. at French n. 1b.Quot. 1646 (the title of a pamphlet discussing the attempt of King Charles I to forge an alliance with Scotland against the English Parliament) may imply much earlier currency.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > prisoner's base

barsc1400

base1440

barley-break1557

prison base1598

prison bar1602

stroke-bias1700

prisoners' bars1794

Scotch and English1802

prisoners' base1830

chevy1883

Molly Bright1883

1646 J. Lilburne (title) An vnhappy game at Scotch and English.]

1802 W. Hutton Hist. Rom. Wall 105 The children of this day, upon the English border keep up the remembrance [of former scenes] by a common play, called Scotch and English, or, The Raid (inroad).

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. English and Scotch, a common game among young people.

1869 M. Somerville Personal Recoll. (1872) i. 22 In our play-hours [at school in 1790] we amused ourselves..at ‘Scotch and English’, a game which represented a raid on the debatable land, or Border between Scotland and England, in which each party tried to rob the other of their playthings.

1908 F. Elston More Organized Games 125 Scotch and English. (For Boys).

2. A variety of English spoken in (esp. lowland) Scotland; = Scots n. 1. Cf. sense A. 4.See note at Scots n. 1.In quot. 1612: (probably) Scots Gaelic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Goidelic > Scottish

ScottisheOE

Scotsa1500

Irish1508

Erse?a1513

Scotch1612

Gaelic1652

Scots Gaelic1753

Scotch Gaelic1763

Scottish Gaelic1800

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > British English > Scottish English

Scots1494

Scotch1612

Lallan1786

Lowland Scots1792

lowland1822

Kelvinside1903

1612 T. Heywood Apol. for Actors iii. sig. F3 Our English tongue, which hath ben the most harsh, vneuen, and broken language of the world, part Dutch, part Irish, Saxon, Scotch, Welsh, and indeed a gallimaffry of many.

1616 T. Coryate Traveller for Eng. Wits 55 Gizard is in Scotch a merry Mummer.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Sawny, a Fool. He's a meer sawny, he is very soft, tho' (in Scotch) it is only for Alexander.

1757 D. Hume Let. 2 July (1932) I. 254 Dr. Roebuck, who had scarce understood his rustic English, or rather his broad Scotch, immediatly comprehended him, for his Greek was admirable.

1797 N.-Y. Mag. Mar. 250/2 Unable to resist, he called them names in broad Scotch, and ordered them to desist, and be gone.

1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. iii. 49 I myself have since that time acquired Scotch in perfection, and many a Scotticism withal.

1896 J. Ashby-Sterry Tale of Thames viii I can read French as well as I can English, but it is impossible for me to comprehend Scotch.

1915 J. Wilson Lowland Sc. Lower Strathearn 17 H..is more distinctly pronounced in Scotch than in English.

1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song iii. 179 Rob was just saying what a shame it was that folk should be shamed nowadays to speak Scotch—or they called it Scots if they did, the split-tongued sourocks!

2006 B. D. Sharma Gen. Eng. for Competitive Exam. ii. 127 Burns therefore, wrote in Scotch..because it was the language of the writing he most wished to imitate.

†a. Scotch snuff. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > snuff > [noun] > types of

high-dried1681

Spanish1681

roderigo1692

bergamot1701

musty1709

myrtle1715

Portuguesea1721

rappee?1726

Scotch1739

macoubac1740

blackguard1782

Irish1806

Lundyfoot1811

prince's mixture1813

cephalic1828

taddy1869

1739 Gentleman's Mag. June 321/1 What stubborn humours e'en plain Scotch can quell.

a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) iii. ii. 76 I have a box of Scotch in my pocket.

1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 100 The finely levigated snuff, known as ‘Scotch’.

1891 S. M. Welch Home Hist. 183 It was not uncommon to see a couple of portly old gentlemen meeting on the street offering their boxes of Maccaboy, Rappee or Scotch, each to the other.

b. British slang. Short for Scotch peg n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > [noun]

shanka900

legc1300

grainsa1400

limbc1400

foot?a1425

stumpa1500

pin?1515

pestlea1529

boughc1550

stamp1567

understander1583

pile1584

supporters1601

walker?1611

trestle1612

fetlock1645

pedestal1695

drumstick1770

gam1785

timber1807

tram1808–18

fork1812

prop1817

nethers1822

forkals1828

understanding1828

stick1830

nether person1835

locomotive1836

nether man1846

underpinning1848

bender1849

Scotch peg1857

Scotch1859

under-pinner1859

stem1860

Coryate's compasses1864

peg1891

wheel1927

shaft1935

1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 87 Scotches, the legs.

1962 R. Cook Crust on its Uppers ii. 30 Wearing my head in its proper place and not between my scotches like a sporran.

1979 R. Barker in K. Allan & K. Burridge Forbidden Words 74/1 Her scotches, long and slender Reached to her kingdom come.

1993 J. Meades Pompey (1994) 260 The space vacated by his legs, his scotches—though that was a synonym he was necessarily shy of.

c. Short for Scotch whisky n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > whisky > [noun] > a drink of

smile1839

ball1866

Scotch1883

a drop of the Auld Kirk1884

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > whisky > [noun] > Scotch whisky

Scotch whisky1793

mountain dew1816

Scotch1883

1883 Judy 20 June 298/2 (caption) The way he would clutch the change out of a Scotch and soda was a caution.

1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life II. 124 Over a drop of Scotch and a cigar discuss the leading topics of the day.

1921 W. A. Fraser Red Meekins i. 26 If I had about seven Scotches in me, Felix, there'd be a bad, smashed-up breed lyin' round here in a holy minute.

1976 Observer 1 Feb. (Colour Suppl.) 9/3 All Scotches are blended spirits: a mix of malt and grain whiskies.

2005 J. Weiner Goodnight Nobody xiv. 126 He smelled like he'd been marinating in Scotch, and he looked utterly miserable.

d. British (now chiefly Newcastle). Short for Scotch ale n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > ale > [noun] > other ales

strawberry ale1523

red ale1557

sixteens1584

bottle ale1586

hostler ale1590

Pimlico1609

eyebright1612

quest-ale1681

hugmatee1699

Newcastle brown (ale)1707

pale ale1708

twopenny ale (or beer)1710

twoops1729

flux ale1742

pale1743

Ringwood1759

brown ale1776

light ale1780

blue cap1789

brown1820

India pale ale1837

Tipper1843

ostler ale1861

fourpenny ale1871

four-ale1883

ninepenny1886

Scotch1886

barley wine1940

IPA1953

light1953

real ale1972

1886 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Curiosities Ale & Beer vii. 156 There is old Scotch or old Burton for the lover of strong beer, porter for the labouring classes, [etc.].

1962 S. Chaplin Watchers & Watched x. 199 The beer was as bitter as bile... ‘Is there anythin' wrong?’ ‘Your Scotch doesn't taste too well.’

1977 Listener 3 Mar. 275/1 You could order ‘a pint of Scotch’—Scotch Ale, because it is the cheapest beer, is still the majority drink on Tyneside.

2002 Jrnl. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 24 May 28 A couple come in, sit side by side for an hour and consume a pint of Scotch and a bitter lemon.

e. Typography. A Scotch typeface. Cf. sense A. 1e.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > style of type > [noun] > type face or font > distinguished by type of serif

Ionic1841

Scotch1906

square serif1940

1906 Linotype Bull. Oct.–Dec. 6/2 (heading) 8-Point Scotch.

1945 O. Simon Introd. Typogr. iii. 12 The roman lower-case letters of Scotch and Baskerville..are wide and generous.

1966 H. Williamson Methods Bk. Design (ed. 2) viii. 99 The first Scotch to be cut for machine composition was produced by the Merganthaler Linotype Co. in 1902.

1990 A. S. Lawson Anat. Typeface xx. 238 Caslon and the nineteenth-century Scotch were the only other faces in this category [sc. ‘types of obligation’].

Compounds

C1. With participial adjectives.

Scotch-born adj.

ΚΠ

1780 I. Sancho Let. 9 Sept. (1782) II. 207 Was not Lord N—— an Irish title? true, but the chield is Scotch born.

1873 J. E. Rankin Auld Sc. Mither 94 A Scotch-born bonnie lass.

1919 M. M. Gowdy Family Hist. Surnames Gade & Variant Forms 15 They were pure-blooded, Scotch-born people who had emigrated to Ulster.

2008 Sudbury (Ont.) Star (Nexis) 22 May c1 An invention of Scotch-born Sir Stanford Fleming.

Scotch-bred adj.

ΚΠ

1779 D. MacNicol Remarks Johnson's Journey to Hebrides 127 He had found the bulk of our Scotch-bred ladies deficient in point of accomplishments.

1862 Ohio Cultivator June 180/1 Scotch judges, who awarded all the premiums to the Scotch-bred sheep.

1900 W. Housman Cattle iii. 117 The Scotch-bred Ayrshires..will usually respond to better keep by yielding more and richer milk.

2000 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 26 Feb. r4 RRSPs are not an investment, but a way of life. Indeed, for fretful, Scotch-bred souls like me, they are a religion.

Scotch-built adj.

ΚΠ

1660 Act 12 Chas. II c. 18 Fish caught saved and cured by the People of Scotland, and Imported directly from Scotland in Scotch built Ships.

1799 J. Bruce Rep. Events & Circumstances Union Kingdoms Eng. & Scotl. 203 They must either be Scotch built ships, or English built ships, bought by Scotch-men.

1898 Locomotive Engin. Apr. 195/1 Scotch-built American locomotives.

1978 Clogher Rec. 9 370 The difference in constructional techniques between the Scotch-built Watergate at Enniskillen and the Irish-built Tully castle is so marked.

2003 D. Poyer Country of our Own (2005) 253 A Scotch-built paddle wheeler.

Scotch-made adj.

ΚΠ

1786 Resol. Landed Interest Scotl. respecting Distillery 86 A vessel had carried Scotch made bottles from Leith to Newcastle.

1839 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage, Farm, & Villa Archit. & Furnit. (new ed.) 533 All [doors] to have strong Scotch-made thumb snecks, with folding handles.

1914 Country Life in Amer. Oct. 24/3 (advt.) Scotch-made golf shoes.

2001 Post & Courier (Charleston, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 28 Mar. d3 This year the distillery expects to sell 6.3 million cases of whiskey, making Jack Daniel's the biggest-selling American-made whiskey in the world (a Scotch-made brand is No. 1).

C2.

Scotch ale n. (originally) ale brewed in Scotland; (later) spec. any of various strong pale ales of a type believed to have originated in Edinburgh in the 18th cent., often but not always brewed in Scotland.

ΚΠ

1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage sig. C4 The hills with Sheepe repleate, with Corne the dale, And many a cottage yeelded good Scotch Ale.

1753 A. Henderson Hist. Rebellion (ed. 5) vi. 256 Each Soldier had a Pound of Beef, a Pound of Bread, a Glass, equal to two Thirds of a Quatern, full of good Spirits, and a Quart of Scotch ale.

1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xviii. 170 He..treats Mrs. Perch to a veal cutlet and Scotch ale.

1922 E. B. Osborn Lit. & Life (1968) viii. 51/1 Scotch Ale (the best varieties are to be obtained in the North of England) in glasses.

2007 D. Hoverson Land of Amber Waters viii. 314/2 Mike Hoops and his staff typically have five beers available, including an award-winning Scotch Ale.

† Scotch bait n. Obsolete rare a short rest while travelling; cf. bait n.¹ 4, Welsh bait n. at Welsh adj. and n. Compounds 1d, Scottish-bait n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 3.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΚΠ

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Scotch bait, a halt and a resting on a stick, as practised by pedlars.

Scotch barley broth n. = Scotch broth n.

ΚΠ

1732 C. Carter Compl. City & Country Cook 9 (heading) Scotch Barley Broth.

1840 London Tee-total Mag. Oct. 325/2 Sheep's-head broth only differs from Scotch barley broth by the addition of a singed sheep's-head.

1910 F. M. J. Bruce in C. G. Bruce 20 Years in Himalaya xi. 289 A dinner of Scotch barley broth, in sufficient quantity, makes a capital night-cap.

1994 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator (Nexis) 16 Nov. d7 With winter coming on, I am beginning to think soup... I've never tried making Scotch barley broth and hope you can provide a recipe.

Scotch Baronial adj. and n. (also with lower-case initial in the second element) Architecture = Scottish Baronial adj. and n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > other styles

florida1706

massive1723

rounded1757

round-arched1782

castellar1789

baronial1807

rational1813

English colonial1817

massy1817

transitional1817

Scottish Baronial1829

rococo1830

flamboyant1832

Scotch Baronial1833

Churrigueresque1845

Russo-Byzantine1845

soaring1849

trenchant1849

vernacular1857

Scots Baronial1864

baroque1867

Perp.1867

rayonnant1873

Dutch colonial1876

Neo-Grec1878

rococoesque1885

Richardsonian1887

federal1894

organic1896

confectionery1897

European-style1907

postmodern1916

Lutyens1921

modern1927

moderne1928

functionalist1930

Williamsburg1931

Colonial Revival1934

packing case1935

Corbusian1936

lavatorial1936

pseudish1938

Adamesque1942

rationalist1952

Miesian1956

open-planned1958

Lutyensesque1961

façade1962

Odeon1964

high-tech1979

Populuxe1986

1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. Contents p. xi A mansion in the style of a Scotch baronial house of the sixteenth century.

1854 J. Fraser Hand Bk. for Travellers in Ireland (ed. 4) 89/1 Castle-Oliver,..where a handsome mansion, in the Scotch baronial style has lately been built.

1880 J. J. Stevenson House Archit. I. xiv. 378 This revival of Scotch ‘Baronial’, which has exaggerated the peculiarities of the old national style.

1931 E. Sackville-West Simpson ii. vii. 144 Salathiel held up a glass globe, inside which was a miniature Scotch-baronial castle in china.

1996 Jrnl. Design Hist. 9 140 Adam..revolutionized the Baroque with the Baroque, creating the conditions for nineteenth-century Scotch Baronial experiments.

2001 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 27 Mar. 17 Perhaps ‘Scotch Baronial’ would have been more suitable for the new parliament's architecture.

Scotch boiler n. [apparently so called because it was developed in Scotland and exported by Scottish firms] chiefly North American (now freq. historical) a steam boiler having a cylindrical shell with one or more furnaces inside the lower part of it, the hot gases produced from combustion passing through tubes in the upper part, typically used to power steamships; more fully Scotch marine boiler.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > boiler > [noun] > types of

steam-boiler1805

boiler1818

generator1823

wagon-boiler1837

Cornish boiler1840

saddle boiler1840

French boiler1844

vomiting-boiler1844

water-tube boiler1850

feed-heater1864

Scotch boiler1877

cross-tubea1884

steamer1891

flash generator1903

flash steam generator1907

waste-heat boiler1930

1877 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 103 3 It should be borne in mind that this Scotch boiler gives an evaporative effect, with dry steam, scarcely equaled by any other.

1884 Mechanics 5 166/1 The Scotch marine boiler has driven its competitor, the stayed fire-box, out of marine practice, not only in England, but on the Continent and in this country [sc. the United States].

1903 H. de B. Parsons Steam-boilers v. 97 (caption) Scotch boiler, single-ended, with common combustion-chamber.

1950 Canad. Transportation Nov. 639/2 The ship is powered by a triple expansion steam engine developing 800 i.h.p., with steam supplied by a Scotch marine boiler.

2008 Sarnia (Ontario) Observer (Nexis) 1 Mar. c5 The 106·98 metre long vessel had three triple expansion steam engines, six scotch boilers and could carry 26 rail cars on four sets of tracks.

Scotch boot n. now historical an instrument of torture formerly used in Scotland, consisting of a tight-fitting iron case in which a person's leg is enclosed, iron wedges being then driven between the case and the leg; = boot n.³ 3; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > boot

boota1522

boot1580

Scotch boot1604

oiled boota1640

bootikin1727

scarpine1855

1604 J. Marston & J. Webster Malcontent (new ed.) iii. i. sig. E2^v Your Empericks could neuer do the like cure vpon the gowt the racke did in England: or your Scotch boote.

1694 J. Collier Misc. iv. 29 They..immediately..got a sort of Scotch Boot to bend their Hams in.

1738 Mod. Christian 28 Her Feet are condemned to the Scotch Boot, and her Body to the Torment of the Press.

1820 W. Scott Tales of my Landlord III. xiii. 157 An iron case, called the Scotch boot, used in these tyrannical days to torture accused persons.

1906 W. Love Parkersburg Platform 95 Publicity is the thumbscrew and the Scotch boot and the contracting walls that advance slowly, but surely.

1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 3 Aug. 7 Scotch boots were not for walking but for the opposite. They were made for laming.

Scotch broth n. a traditional Scottish soup made from beef or mutton, pearl barley, and vegetables.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun] > barley soup

scald-lips1706

barley-broth1723

Scotch broth1735

barley-soup1747

sky blue1887

1735 W. O. tr. W. Camden Britannia I. 173 He was over stuff'd with Scotch broth and brewess.

1834 T. Hood Tylney Hall I. xv. 175 We shall have an ounce of mutton swimming in a tureen of barley-water—I've heard of their Scotch broths.

1904 D. C. Peel Single Handed Cook iv. 54 The scrag and trimmings of the neck of mutton so valuable for Irish stew, hot-pot, haricot, or Scotch broth, are thereby lost.

2002 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 18 Sept. (Features section) 20 I wonder how many young people can make Scotch broth like they did then?

† Scotch bum n. Obsolete rare a kind of bustle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > contrivance for expanding skirts > bustle, pads, or cushion

bum roll1602

roll1602

Scotch bum1607

Scotch fall1607

rump roll1707

rump1710

bustle1786

bustler1787

cushion1806

dress improver1842

improver1844

bishopa1860

tournure1872

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe ii. ii. sig. C3 That French gowne, Scotch fals, Scotch bum, and Italian head-tire you sent her.

Scotch carpet n. a two-ply (or occasionally three-ply) woollen carpet of a type originally manufactured in Scotland; cf. Kidderminster n., ingrain adj. 1b.

ΚΠ

1744 Pennsylvania Gaz. 1 Nov. (Suppl.) 2/2 Wilton and Scotch carpets.

1852 Godey's Lady's Bk. Jan. 75/2 Whenever she expected..persons of character to pay their respects to her, the Scotch carpet was sure to be spread out.

1921 Winston's Encycl. II. at Carpet The Kidderminster or Scotch carpet consists of two distinct webs woven at the same time and knitted together by the woof. The pattern is the same on both sides of the cloth, but the colors are reversed.

1995 D. Hancock Citizens of World iii. 98 Two flights of stairs covered by Wilton and cheaper woolen Scotch carpets brought one to private quarters on the first floor.

Scotch catch n. Music = Scotch snap n.; cf. earlier Scots catch n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > short note followed by long

Scots catch1789

Scots snap1789

Scotch snap1824

Scotch catch1842

1842 T. Oliphant & F. Madden Catal. Manuscript Music in Brit. Mus. 94 ‘Pratty Nan.’ (The Scotch Catch.) Three Voices.

1919 Encycl. Amer. XXIII. 134/1 Ragtime,..a sort of continuous syncopation..somewhat similar to ‘Scotch catch’ or ‘snap’.

1983 Early Music 11 192 The ‘Scotch catch’ of Hungarian gipsy music..on a British-made barrel organ would have been out of place.

Scotch Celtic n. and adj. [compare earlier Irish Celtic n. and adj. at Irish adj. and n. Compounds 3] now rare (a) adj.= Scottish Gaelic adj.; (b) n. = Scottish Gaelic n.William Shaw's work (referred to in quot. 1777) was actually published in 1778, under the title An Analysis of the Galic Language.

ΚΠ

1777 Proposals for Printing (single sheet) An analysis of the Scotch Celtic language. By William Shaw.

1885 Catholic World Oct. 60 Scotch Celtic savants account for the paucity of ancient Gaelic literary remains in Scotland by saying that..the English made it a point to destroy all the records and books they could lay their hands on.

1895 J. M. D. Meiklejohn New Geogr. on Compar. Method (ed. 14) 80 Lough is a Celtic word (in Scotch Celtic, Loch).

1926 H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage 208/2 The usual meaning of Gaelic, i.e. Scotch-Celtic.

1994 L. L. Francis Frost Family's Adventure i. 28 The use of..little ‘stories’..was strongly stimulated by her Scotch-Celtic father.

† Scotch chocolate n. slang Obsolete rare a preparation of sulphur and milk, probably taken as a medicine.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > milk drinks > [noun]

rice milk1620

whig1684

leban1695

saloop1728

sack-whey1736

celery whey1761

mustard whey1769

wine whey1769

Scotch chocolate1785

whey-whig1811

chocolate milk1819

horchata1859

tamarind-whey1883

milk shake1886

Horlick1891

lassi1894

Ovaltine1906

shake1909

malt1942

malted1945

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Scotch chocolate, brimstone and milk.

Scotch coal n. now chiefly historical any of various types of coal mined in Scotland, or thought to resemble this; spec. anthracite.

ΚΠ

1644 Artificiall Fire or Coale 1 Burn them with a little Scotch-coale, or Wood, or any Combustible matter to fire it.

1707 I. Newton Let. 14 Nov. in Corr. (1967) IV. 500 It is..at present necessary for the Master of her Majties Mint at Edinburgh to allay the silver molten with Scotch coal.

1781 R. B. Sheridan Trip to Scarborough iii. iii Get a Scotch coal fire in the parlour.

1842 J. Blunt Speeches, Rev., Rep., &c.‎ 259 The general character of Scotch coal is different. It is of two kinds; the rock coal, which burns to a good cinder, and produces but little ashes; and the splent or stone coal..burns freely, with considerable smoke.

1887 Hansard's Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 320 1566/1 The Scotch coal is very smoky, a large portion of it going into ashes and clinkers.

1932 J. U. Nef Rise Brit. Coal Industry I. i. ii. 119 Wealthy citizens..stocked their cellars mainly with wood, charcoal, and Scotch coal, avoiding the despised ‘sea coal’.

Scotch coffee n. slang (chiefly Nautical) (now historical) burnt bread or biscuits boiled in water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > dish made with biscuit

biscuit cake1593

Scotch coffee1815

dogsbody1818

dandyfunk1883

1815 B. F. Palmer Diary 2 June (1914) 219 We have had Scotch Coffee—made of Bread—and no Sugar.

1844 T. J. Jacobs Scenes, Incidents, & Adventures in Pacific Ocean xvii. 136 We had served up for breakfast ‘pigeon pie’ and ‘Scotch coffee’.

1937 C. N. Parkinson Trade in Eastern Seas, 1793–1813 240 There may have been burgoo or ‘Scotch coffee’ but there is no mention of cocoa in the list of provisions.

2000 B. Cornwell Sharpe's Trafalgar (2001) ix. 196 A seaman brought him a cup of Scotch coffee and he drank the bitter liquid, then chewed on the sweetened bread crumbs that gave the coffee its flavor.

Scotch collops n. now chiefly historical thin slices of fried meat (in later use esp. beefsteak), often cooked with onions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > steak dishes

Scots collops1657

Scotch collops1664

porterhouse steak1842

Chateaubriand1877

plank steak1904

steak tartare1911

churrasco1917

Swiss steak1932

tournedos Rossini1937

pepper steak1939

cheesesteak1941

steak au poivre1953

steak Diane1957

carpet-bag steak1958

peppered steak1960

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > other meat dishes

langue de boeuf1381

sawgeatc1390

pome-garneza1450

olive1598

potato pie1600

capilotade1611

carbonade1651

beef à la mode1653

Scots collops1657

Scotch collops1664

galantine1702

grenadine1706

scotched collops1708

à la mode beef1723

miroton1725

German duck1785

cottage pie1791

chartreuse1806

timbale1824

sanders1827

rognon1828

rolliche1830

schalet1846

old thing1848

Brunswick stew1855

scrapple1855

moussaka1862

cannelon1875

crépinette1877

shepherd's pie1877

chop suey1888

estouffade1889

noisette1891

chaudfroid1892

patty1904

boeuf bourguignon1915

sukiyaki1920

bœuf stroganoff1932

bœuf1936

flauta1938

rumaki1941

rendang1948

pastitsio1950

keema1955

bulgogi1958

moo shu1962

Melba1964

shabu-shabu1970

carpaccio1974

al pastor1977

gosht1982

parmo1999

parmesan2003

beef stroganof-

1664 H. Wooley Cook's Guide 66 To make Scotch Collops, either of Beef, Veal, or Mutton... Cut your meat very thin, [etc.].

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Fricandoe A sort of Scotch Collops made of thin slices of Veal, well larded and stuff'd.

1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xvii^*. 274 Cocky-leeky and Scotch collops soon reeked in the Bailie's little parlour.

1888 G. Outram Lyrics (new ed.) 26 ‘Scotch collops’ consist of slices of beef with the fat, stewed in a stewing or frying pan, with onions and pepper and salt.

1958 D. S. Daniell Hunt Royal (1962) vi. 62 ‘Mutton,’ said the King, ‘excellent! Bring up a hind quarter, and a frying pan, and butter. We will make Scotch collops.’

1998 J. Asala Celtic Folklore Cooking 272 (heading) Scotch collops with cream... 4 medium onions, chopped, 4 (6-ounce) slices rump roast, [etc.].

Scotch cousin n. [in allusion to the practice among many Scots of tracing clan lineage back to remote degrees] a distant relative.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] > distant relative

Scotch cousin1776

great1841

1776 G. Ellis Bath 7 Rhimes,—like Scotch cousins,—in such order plac'd; The first scarce claims acquaintance with the last!

1818 London Lit. Gaz. 8 Aug. 498/1 Mrs Glass, a snuff-seller in London, and Scotch cousin to the Deans.

1887 M. Cholmondeley Danvers Jewels i I have no deserving nephew or Scotch cousin.

1920 W. McDougall Group Mind 115 Scotchmen again (Highlanders especially) are noted for clannishness, and Scotch cousins have become a byword.

1995 P. Mackesy Brit. Victory in Egypt i. i. 6 The two men were ‘Scotch cousins’ related by blood.

Scotch cousinship n. now rare the relationship of ‘Scotch cousins’; a distant cousinship.figurative in quot. 1790.

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1790 Calcutta Chron. 14 Oct. A subject, which to me, appears to have no relation to the original topic; but a friend now with me..assured me that he has traced it from its first source, and finds it owns a Scotch cousinship with it.

1827 C. I. Johnstone Elizabeth de Bruce I. xvi. 206 Shall I pretend a Scotch Cousinship with the ancestry of Monkshaugh?

1864 Times 10 May 14/3 William of Glenfalloch..was related to that nobleman in a Scotch cousinship of ten removes.

1920 E. H. Coleridge Life T. Coutts, Banker v. 62 Apart from a Scotch cousinship, there may have been some early tie..which brought the two men together.

Scotch-cut adj. Typography (now rare) (of a typeface or character) cut in a ‘Scotch’ style; see sense A. 1e.

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1834 Relig. Inquirer & Gospel Anchor 16 Aug. 160/3 A. Pell & Brother, Type Founders, No. 712 John-street, New York, have added to their extensive assortment of printing Types,..Scotch cut Type, for the use of newspapers.

1847 S. N. Dickinson Hand-bk. Specimen Printing Type Pref. The symmetry of the Scotch cut figures.

1912 A. A. Stewart Printer's Dict. Techn. Terms 261 Scotch-cut modern roman..is a much older face based on a French style of roman known as Bodoni.

Scotch douche n. [compare French douche écossaise (1825 or earlier)] a hydrotherapeutic treatment in which a jet or stream of hot water, alternating with one of cold, is applied to (part of) the body.

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the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > bathing > a bath > douche

douche1739

spout bath1824

Scotch douche1839

1839 Med. Examiner 29 June 410 (table) Waters taken internally, in baths, and Scotch douches upon the head.

1914 G. M. Niles Diagnosis & Treatm. Digestive Dis. xi. 268 The Scotch douche consists of a single application of water at each temperature—first hot then cold.

2004 D. Mernagh-Ward & J. Cartwright Health & Beauty Therapy vi. 159 The Scotch douche treatment..is believed to help sufferers of migraines and..aches and pains in the back.

Scotch egg n. a hard-boiled egg enclosed in sausage meat, (in later use) coated in breadcrumbs, and fried, typically served cold.

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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > egg dishes > [noun] > other egg dishes

poachéa1425

meseladea1450

potrona1450

malasadec1450

poached eggc1450

eggs in moonshine?1558

snow1597

fondue1806

Scotch egg1808

soufflé1813

scrabbed eggsa1825

Scotch woodcock1836

egg salad1873

prairie oyster1879

Adam and Eve on a raft1891

Russian egg1891

eggs Benedict1898

huevos rancheros1901

sabayon1906

oeuf en cocotte1909

shakshuka1930

piperade1931

thousand-year egg1961

1808 M. E. Rundell New Syst. Domest. Cookery (new ed.) viii. 207 Scotch Eggs. Boil hard five pullets eggs, and without removing the white, cover completely with a fine relishing forcemeat.

1903 J. Whitehead Steward's Handbk. 438/1 Have little rounds of buttered toast or fried bread, place each Scotch egg on a round, and serve garnished with fried parsley.

1995 Guardian 8 July (Weekend Suppl.) 49/4 These call for the sandwich box and lunchbox, the kebab and the samosa, Scotch egg or frittata.

† Scotch fall n. Obsolete rare an article of dress; (perhaps) = fall n.² 30a.

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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > contrivance for expanding skirts > bustle, pads, or cushion

bum roll1602

roll1602

Scotch bum1607

Scotch fall1607

rump roll1707

rump1710

bustle1786

bustler1787

cushion1806

dress improver1842

improver1844

bishopa1860

tournure1872

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe ii. ii. sig. C3 That French gowne, Scotch fals, Scotch bum, and Italian head-tire you sent her.

Scotch fiddle n. slang (now historical) (probably) (a case of) scabies; cf. Welsh fiddle n. at Welsh adj. and n. Compounds 1d.

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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > itching diseases > scabies or mange

itcha800

riff1579

psora1585

scrubbado1651

Scotch fiddle1675

scrub1709

scabies1813

acariasis1815

scratch1828

seven-year itch1835

scrub-itch1909

swimmer's itch1928

1675 Earl of Rochester Tunbridge Wells 120 And then more smartly to expound the Riddle Of all this Prattle, gives her a Scotch Fiddle.

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Welch fiddle, the itch. See Scotch fiddle.

1826 J. Randolph Let. 20 Feb. in Life J. Quincy 421 I have not catched the literary ‘Scotch fiddle’.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Scotch-Fiddle,..The itch, more commonly called the Welshman's hug.

1997 Scotsman (Nexis) 30 Jan. 13 There was a story in the 18th century that it [sc. porridge] caused a rash called Scotch Fiddle, so named because victims would be fiddling with it all the time.

Scotch fines n. Papermaking (now rare) a type of fine cotton rag used in making high quality paper.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > [noun] > others

handstuff1690

pearl hardening1871

Scotch fines1880

1880 J. Dunbar Pract. Papermaker 23 Superfine High Blue. For 300lb dry paper. S P F, ¹/ ₄, Medium Spanish Esparto, ¹/ ₂, Scotch Fines, ¹/ ₄, [etc.].

1908 C. Beadle Chapters on Papermaking V. ix. 150 (heading) Cotton (‘Scotch Fines’) at different stages of the Beating.

† Scotch furnace n. [compare French fourneau écossais (1807 in the source translated in quot. 1807)] Obsolete = ore hearth n. at ore n.² Compounds 3; cf. Scotch hearth n.

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1807 tr. Gueniveau in Repertory Arts, Manuf., & Agric. 11 388 We have seen at Pezey the ores of roasted lead, containing much sulphate of lead, which when cast in Scotch furnaces produced no matt.

1852 J. A. Phillips Man. Metall. 504 In many parts of England,..the smelting of lead ores is principally conducted in an arrangement called a Scotch furnace, or ore hearth.

1896 W. R. Maguire Domest. Sanitary Drainage (ed. 2) 418 A reverberatory furnace; that is, a furnace where the coal used does not come in contact with the ore, as it does in the Scotch furnace.

Scotch Gael n. [compare earlier Irish Gael n. at Irish adj. and n. Compounds 3] now historical = Scottish Gael n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 3.

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1784 T. Robertson Inq. Fine Arts vi. 401 The Muse of the Scotch Gaël or Celtæ; a people better known in Scotland by the name of Highlander.

1896 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 509/2 To this day it [sc. Cape Breton] remains in quality and in faith what is perhaps the largest and purest body of Scotch Gaels outside of their native country.

2009 J. G. Gibson Trad. Gaelic Bagpiping, 1745–1945 Introd. 3 The strong inclination of the Scotch Gael to practise his ethnically distinctive music and dance was vitally strengthened in the New World.

Scotch glue n. animal glue of a type originally made in Scotland, and traditionally used in furniture restoration, carpentry, etc.

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1826 Hull Packet 18 Apr. 5 Tons Transparent Scotch Glue.

1907 R. L. Fernbach Glues & Gelatine v. 96 Scotch Glue.—Several samples of this variety of glue have come to the writer's notice, one made in England, another produced in France.

2003 P. Brett Wood Occupations i. 47 Animal glue—Also known as Scotch glue. Made from animal hides and bones... These glues are supplied in cake form and must be broken up, soaked and heated before use.

Scotch haddock n. = finnan n.

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1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 178 To dress Salt Fish... Scotch Haddocks you must lay in Water all Night. You may boil or broil them; if you broil you must split them in two.

1888 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 27 Apr. 435/1 An excess of phosphorous caused by an over indulgence in Scotch haddocks.

1935 Arts & Decoration Mar. 41/1 Beat the cooked and flaked Scotch haddock with a little cream... Spread this on toast.

Scotch hand n. either of a pair of wooden paddles used in butter making; usually in plural.

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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > churning butter > butter-pat

butter pat1790

butter stick1830

Scotch hand1882

1882 Househ. Words 11 Feb. 317/1 Wooden spoons, known as ‘Scotch Hands’, should be used for removing the butter from the churn on to the butter-board.

1919 E. T. Thurston World of Wonderful Reality i. 3 He bought a churn and pans to separate the milk... He bought Scotch hands as well.

2004 Farmers Guardian (Nexis) 16 July 14 Her butter is churned and shaped individually using scotch hands.

Scotch hearth n. now historical and rare = ore hearth n. at ore n.² Compounds 3; cf. earlier Scotch furnace n.

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1848 G. F. Duckett Technol. Mil. Dict. 247/2 Scotch smelting-furnace or ore-hearth; blast-hearth; Scotch-hearth.

1883 Geol. Wisconsin 1873–9 I. 654 The Scotch Hearth..is often used for the reduction of large ore and the smelting of slag.

1973 Arizona & West 15 325 After the installation of a Scotch hearth and a cupel furnace to produce and refine lead-base bullion, the smelter turned out a silver ingot.

Scotchland n. now rare and humorous Scotland.

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1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. iv. 88 In Scotch-land.

1719 H. Playford Wit & Mirth V. 43 They weren't use to wad in Scotchland as they wad in England.

1868 Freemasons' Mag. & Masonic Mirror 21 Nov. 406/2 A Scotchman is a native of Scotchland.

2007 Sunday Express (Scottish ed.) (Nexis) 19 Apr. 27 Most fourth-generation expat Scots have a misty eyed view of Auld Scotia, so let's give them the Scotchland they want.

Scotch marmalade n. a type of orange marmalade, originally made in Scotland, usually with added peel for extra richness.

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?1790 R. Abbot Housekeeper's Valuable Present 42 Scotch marmalade, when you make your orange marmalade, put a little by; then cut some orange-peel into fine strips, and giving them a boil in a little clarified sugar, mix them in the marmalade, and put them into pots.

1859 E. G. Storke Domest. & Rural Affairs 64 Rhubarb preserve, if made according to the following directions, is almost equal to the celebrated Scotch marmalade.

1904 News (Frederick, Maryland) 23 Apr. Cover them with Scotch marmalade, then a thin upper crust and bake an hour.

1992 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 18 Jan. It tasted better, this Scotch marmalade which was thin enough to spread.

Scotch marriage n. a marriage, formerly valid according to Scots law, effected solely by a mutual declaration of consent before two witnesses; this form of marriage.Chiefly applied to the runaway marriages (formerly frequent) of couples who crossed from England into Scotland in order to escape the restrictions imposed by English law on the marriage of minors without the consent of their guardians. Cf. Gretna Green n. This particular form of ‘irregular marriage’, also known as marriage by declaration, was abolished under the Marriage (Scotland) Act of 1939.

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society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > [noun] > manner of marrying > other types of wedding

confarreation1598

farreation1656

coemption1676

Scotch marriage1762

foot washing1780

civil union1837

white wedding1840

hand-fastening1899

Anand Karaj1938

destination wedding1990

1762 London Mag. Oct. 536/2 Considerations on Scotch Marriages.

1879 M. E. Braddon Cloven Foot xix A good many years ago..I got myself entrapped into a Scotch marriage.

1911 H. E. Fenn Thirty-five Years in Divorce Court xiv. 130 To try and annul a Scotch marriage, ‘irregular’, as it is called, always proves very interesting reading.

2000 Scotsman (Nexis) 19 Apr. 11 Until finally eliminated by act of parliament as recently as 1939, ‘Scotch marriage’—marriage by some form of exchange of mutual consent—could be partly traced back to the old custom known as ‘handfasting’.

Scotch pancake n. a small, thick pancake; = drop-scone n. at scone n. 1.

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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > griddle cake > scone > dropped scone

Scotch pancake1767

drop-cake1835

drop-scone1899

pikelet1905

1767 A. Shackleford Mod. Art Cookery Improved 179 To make Scotch Pancakes... To a pint of cream beat up eight eggs, [etc.].

1892 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 27 8 The roti or chupathi is an unleavened cake (like a Scotch pancake in shape).

1930 E. B. Bennion & J. Stewart Cake Manuf. xiv. 122 Soda scones, Scotch pan cakes, and milk scones,..can be baked on the hot plate.

2004 Z. Sharp First Drop ix. 104 They looked more like thick Scotch pancakes than the familiar thin-style crêpes.

Scotch pearl n. [probably after French perle d'Écosse (1353 in Middle French as perle d'Escosse); compare post-classical Latin margarita Scotica (1609 or earlier)] now chiefly historical a freshwater pearl, esp. one from Scotland, being irregularly shaped and often considered of little value.

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1664 True Acct. Arraignment Col. J. Turner 7 Twelve Scotch pearls.

1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. Baroque, perle baroque (qui n'est pas parfaitement ronde) a rough or Scotch Pearl.

1785 T. Holcroft tr. Comtesse de Genlis Tales Castle II. 286 Pearls of unusual figures, that is, neither round nor in the form of a pear, are called Baroguas, and our's [sic] Scotch Pearls.

1869 Eclectic Mag. Nov. 605/2 In the Middle Ages Scotch pearls were celebrated for their size and beauty, and their peculiar pink hue was highly esteemed by foreign magnates.

1903 Connoisseur Jan. 20/1 ‘River pearls’ found in mussels in rivers. These latter are practically or little or no value, being known as ‘Scotch pearls’.

1991 D. Gabaldon Outlander xiv. 191 I could see it was a string of small baroque pearls, those irregularly shaped productions of freshwater mussels... ‘They're only Scotch pearls,’ he said, apologetically.

Scotch pebble now historical an agate or similar semi-precious stone found in Scotland; (without plural) agate, chalcedony, or similar substance; cf. pebble n. 2c.

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1752 London Mag. Mar. 128/1 Mr. Blandy told him, that he suspected he had taken poison, and that he believed it came to his daughter with the Scotch pebbles, for he was always worse after a present of those damn'd Scotch pebbles were received.

1845 New Statist Acct. Scotl. XV. 73 Chromate of iron has been found in certain situations, but not of the best quality; also Scotch pebbles or agates, and garnets.

1881 W. Gregor Notes Folk-lore N.-E. Scotl. 39 A small perforated ball, made of Scotch pebble,..has the virtue of curing diseases of the eye.

1987 Scottish Field Dec. 70/3 ‘Scotch pebbles’, as they used to be called, are a micro-crystalline form of a quartz, called chalcedony, which was deposited within former gas cavities in certain types of basalt that were violently erupted 400 million years ago.

Scotch peg n. now rare a leg. [Rhyming slang, probably with allusion to the name of Scotch Peg (1799 or earlier) < Scotch adj. + Peg , a personification of Scotland, the sister of John Bull in J. Arbuthnot's satires (1712; compare John Bull n.). Compare peg n.¹ 6c.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > [noun]

shanka900

legc1300

grainsa1400

limbc1400

foot?a1425

stumpa1500

pin?1515

pestlea1529

boughc1550

stamp1567

understander1583

pile1584

supporters1601

walker?1611

trestle1612

fetlock1645

pedestal1695

drumstick1770

gam1785

timber1807

tram1808–18

fork1812

prop1817

nethers1822

forkals1828

understanding1828

stick1830

nether person1835

locomotive1836

nether man1846

underpinning1848

bender1849

Scotch peg1857

Scotch1859

under-pinner1859

stem1860

Coryate's compasses1864

peg1891

wheel1927

shaft1935

1857 ‘Ducange Anglicus’ Vulgar Tongue 17 Scotch peg, leg.

1897 ‘Doss Chiderdoss′ ‘Pomes’ from Pink 'Un 23 Some buds of youthful purity, with undisplayed ‘Scotch pegs’.

1917 W. Muir Observ. Orderly xiv. 225 If he [sc. an Australian] had occasion to allude to his leg he would probably have called it ‘Scotch peg’.

Scotch pie n. a type of small, circular meat pie, traditionally made with mutton.

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1826 ‘M. Dods’ Cook & Housewife's Man. 258 A Bride's Pie,—a Scotch Pie.—This is just a very rich mince pie.

1893 Middletown (N.Y.) Daily Times 7 Dec. Especial features this evening will be an auction with Mr. A. B. Hutchison as auctioneer, and the ‘Scotch pie’, prepared by Mrs Lizzie Boyce.

1977 J. Wilson Making Hate i. 15 He'd bought a couple of Scotch pies..to keep himself going.

2002 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 9 Feb. 8 Forget oysters, asparagus and all that nonsense, I'm talking about proper aphrodisiacs like haggis, stovies, and scotch pies.

Scotch plough n. now historical a type of swing plough; = Scots plough n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3.

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?1768–9 Encycl. Brit. (1771) I. 52/2 This work must be performed by a strong Scotch plough.

1814 App. Gen. Rep. Agric. State & Polit. Circumstances Scotl. v. 354 The superiority of Small's plough in a great measure consists in this, that its different parts are made neater and lighter than in the old Scotch plough.

1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 353/1 The farmers all plough with two horses, and use Scotch ploughs or other light ploughs of similar construction.

1989 M. J. H. Robson Ingenious Mechanic of Scotl. 4 The ‘old Scotch plough’ made mostly of wood, is supposed to have changed little over many centuries. It was a swing plough, well suited to rig and furrow.

1994 C. A. Wilson New Lease on Life vi. 160 The Scotch plough enabled six men and two horses to sow an acre of potatoes—a job that had formerly required thirty spadesmen.

2007 R. D. Thomas Outram in India i. 4 A small two-horse plough without wheels known as the Scotch plough.

† Scotch prize n. Nautical Obsolete a prize (prize n.² 1) taken in error, found to be worthless, or liable to cause problems for its captors.

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the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > taken in war or raid > maritime > useless or hindering

Scotch prize1776

1776 H. Fisher Let. 16 Apr. in Pennsylvania Arch. (1853) 4 732 The ship hove out a signal for them to come aboard again, which they did, or they would have caut a Scotch Prize and be Damn'd to them.

1823 J. F. Cooper Pilot II. xii. 191 ‘This has been a Scotch prize that we've taken,’ muttered a surly old seaman; ‘a ship without head-money or cargo!’

1885 United Service Mag. Sept. 261 ‘A Scotch prize, and no mistake!’ exclaimed Sleath, as Ellinor, weak, tottering, and scarcely able to stand or articulate, appeared.

Scotch rabbit n. now historical plain or seasoned cheese on toast; cf. Welsh rabbit n.Most cookery books in which the dishes appear give (various) slight differences in the recipes for Welsh and Scotch rabbit; occasionally however the terms appear to be used interchangeably.

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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > butter and cheese dishes > [noun] > Welsh rarebit

toasted cheese1589

Welsh rabbit1725

Scotch rabbit1747

Welsh rarebit1781

cheese toast1808

rarebit1848

cheese on toast1880

buck rarebit1927

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 97 To make a Scotch-Rabbit. Toast a Piece of Bread.., butter it, cut a Slice of Cheese,..toast it on both Sides, and lay it on the Bread.

1826 C. Johnstone Cook & Housewife's Man. 247 A Scotch Rabbit.—Cut, toast, and butter the bread as in last receipt, and keep it hot.

1908 C. H. Senn Chafing Dish & Casserole Cookery (new ed.) 30 Besides the Welsh Rabbits, there are Scotch Rabbits, Swiss Rabbits,..etc., all of which take the form of toasted cheese done in one way or the other.

2006 Worcester (Mass.) Telegram & Gaz. (Nexis) 15 Feb. 79 Welsh rabbit, also known as English rabbit and Irish and Scotch rabbit, was elevated in status in the late 1800s when it became Welsh rarebit.

Scotch reel n. a traditional Scottish dance; = reel n.³ 1.

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1762 G.-A. Gallini Treat. Art of Dancing 184 It is to the Highlanders in North-Britain, that I am told we are indebted for a dance in the comic vein, called the Scotch Reel.

1856 Spirit of Times 13 Dec. 238/2 The following was the programme of dancing: Part the Fourth—Scotch Reel,..French Four, General Stampede.

1913 Times 3 June 11/3 The old Scotch reel is rarely danced today, as the young folk prefer eight-somes as more ‘romping’.

1992 P. Glazebrook Journey to Khiva (1996) v. 144 In England amateur talent just as unsuitable often takes up Morris dancing or Scotch reels, stamping and jingling twice monthly.

† Scotch saddle n. and adj. Obsolete (a) n. a type of saddle, (perhaps) one relatively flat from front to back; (b) adj. resembling this type of saddle.

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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > saddle > types of saddle

mail-saddle1360

trotter-saddle1381

panel1393

loadsaddle1397

packsaddle1398

limber-saddle1480

pillion1480

side-saddle1493

steel saddle1503

pilgate1511

mail pillowc1532

stock-saddle1537

pad1556

sunk1568

trunk-saddle1569

soda1586

mail pillion1586

running saddle1596

Scotch saddle1596

postilion saddle1621

pad-saddle1622

portmanteau-saddle1681

watering saddle1681

cart-saddle1692

demi-pique1695

crook-saddle1700

saddle pad1750

recado1825

aparejo1844

mountain saddle1849

somerset1851

pilch1863

cowboy saddle1880

sawbuck (pack)saddle1881

western saddle1883

cross-saddle1897

centre-fire1921

McClellan1940

poley1957

1581 Will of Wylteshire (Somerset Ho.) Scottissh sadell.]

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. V4^v My braine as poore and compendius, as the pummell of a scotch saddle, or pan of a Tobacco pipe.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Naso schiacciato, a flat Scotch-saddle nose.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 51 The next saddle to this for ease is the large Scotch saddle being at least eighteene inches in length, and made with the French padde seate.

1667 Duke of Newcastle New Method to dress Horses 80 Horses..Gallop or Run surely upon All Grounds, Plowed Lands, Moors, Parks, Forrests, and every where, with a Snaffle, and a Scotch Saddle.

Scotch scale n. Music (now rare) a pentatonic scale in which the fourth and seventh are omitted from the ordinary major scale, characteristic of traditional Scottish music (though common in other cultures).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > other scales

hendecachord1761

pentachord1786

Scotch scale1786

maqam1793

pelog1817

harmonic scale1880

whole-tone scale1900

pentatonic1909

harmonic series1910

blues scale1939

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music Scotch-Scale, a Scale differing from that of the other nations of Europe by its omission of the fourth and seventh; a peculiarity from which all the genuine Scottish melodies derive their national and distinguished character.

1877 Musical World 6 Jan. 26/2 One of these very ancient Egyptian pipes is upon the pentaphonic major, Scotch scale.

1921 F. S. Mathews Field Bk. Wild Birds & their Music (rev. ed.) p. xxxviii There is a third and primitive mode common to all folk-song, sometimes called the Scotch scale, which is perfectly represented by five of the ebonies of the piano.

1996 A. Bonner Alas! What brought Thee Hither 6/1 Chinese music was rendered..using the Scotch scale identically or the black notes of the pianoforte.

† Scotch Sea n. Obsolete (a) (a name for) the Solway Firth, an estuary separating Cumbria, in northern England, and Dumfries and Galloway, in south-western Scotland; (b) = Scottish Sea n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 3; (c) (a name for) that part of the Atlantic Ocean between north-western Scotland and Iceland.

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1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica xvi. 424 The wall from Tyne to the Scotch Sea was made for strength.

a1650 Index Buchanan's Index Hist. MS (Edinb. Univ.) Mare Scoticum the firth of Forth the Scotsh sea, so called because it was once the march betuix Scotland and England.

1704 tr. I. de la Peyrère Acct. Iseland in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. II. 437/1 These Iselanders were very powerful in the Deucalidonian or Scotch Sea, and perhaps carried from thence their Commerce as far as Normandy.

1769 tr. W. Goodall Introd. Hist. & Antiq. Scotl. xiv. 177 Kenneth of Alpin is said to have invaded Pictavia..and usurped the whole land from the Scotch sea to the river Tweed.

1783 New Hist. Scotl. x. 101 The boundaries of the Scotch dominions towards Stirling was the Forth..; the Forth was from that time to be called the Scotch Sea.

1824 J. Chitty Treat. Laws Commerce & Manuf. I. iv. 102 Northward is the sea anciently known by the several names of Hyperborean, Deucaledonian, and Caledonian Ocean, now the Scotch sea, in which are situated the Orcades, Thule, and other islands.

1850 M. Stewart Remarks Subj. of Lang. 167 The whole of the country north of the Forth, the Scotch Sea, appears to have been held by military tenure.

† Scotch sister n. Obsolete rare a distant female relative; cf. Scotch cousin n.

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a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. xix. 219 She called her a sister, but whether it was a Scotch sister, or a sister à la mode de Brétagne, would have puzzled most people.

† Scotch-sleeve n. Obsolete (probably) a person wearing sleeves of Scotch cloth; cf. quot. 1705 at Scotch cloth n.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [noun] > wearing other clothing > one who

Court-mantlec1367

Sunday citizen1598

longcoat1603

lettice ruffa1625

silkworma1625

copester1637

short-coat1649

Scotch-sleeve?1706

Evite1713

uniform1786

nude1810

blue-stockinged1818

waistcoateer1825

padder1828

stook of duds1834

bloomer1851

sleeve1851

shirt1860

shirtwaister1900

DJ1926

rat-catcher1928

sweater girl1940

zoot-suiter1942

Edwardian1954

penguin1967

overcoat1969

?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. iii. 30 Poor Lawn-Sleeves (or Scotch-Sleeves)..was so assaulted, as..he had probably perished by their violence.

Scotch snap n. Music a rhythmic pattern consisting of a short note followed by a longer one (esp. a stressed semiquaver followed by an unstressed dotted quaver), characteristic of (but not exclusive to) much Scottish folk music; cf. earlier Scotch catch n., Scots snap n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3.The reference in quot. 1824 is inaccurate: Burney uses Scots snap (cf. quot. 1789 for Scots snap n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3).

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society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > short note followed by long

Scots catch1789

Scots snap1789

Scotch snap1824

Scotch catch1842

1824 Harmonicon June 115/1 The ‘Scotch snap’, as Dr. Burney terms it, in the first air, is well contrasted by the smooth and equal note in the second.

1883 J. M. Wood in Grove's Dict. Music III. 437 Scotch Snap or Catch is the name given to the reverse of the ordinary dotted note which has a short note after it—in the snap the short note comes first and is followed by the long one.

1922 Sabbath Recorder 3 Apr. 424/2 In music, we learn to know and relish certain national peculiarities, such as..the Scotch snap—so familiar now in our American ragtime.

2004 M. DeVoto Debussy & Veil of Tonality ii. 62 Sirènes..begins with the fifth contracting to a third in a stylized Scotch snap.

Scotch spur n. now historical a prick spur; (Heraldry) a representation of this as a charge.

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society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of weapons or armour > [noun] > spur

Scotch spur1662

spur1688

1662 A. Brome Rump (new ed.) 178 Methinks a Rump should go as well with a Scotch spur, as with a Switch.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. vii. 304/1 He beareth Gules, a Scotch Spur, Or.

1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry 293 The Scotch or prick-spur has a spike instead of a rowel.

2004 B. M. A. Ellis & G. Egan in J. Clark Medieval Horse & its Equipm., c.1150–c.1450 (ed. 2) 129/1 They [sc. prick spurs] were to have a brief fashionable revival in England during the mid-seventeenth century, when they were sometimes called ‘scotch’ spurs.

Scotch stone n. (a) stone from Scotland; spec. = Water of Ayr stone n.; (also) a piece of this; †(b) = Scots stone n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 2 (Obsolete).

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society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > sharpening > whetstone

whetstonec725

hone-stone1393

filourc1400

hone1440

rub1502

rubber1553

knife-stone1571

stone1578

oilstone1585

block1592

oil whetstone1601

greenstone1668

scythe-stone1688

water stone1703

sharping-stone1714

Scotch stone1766

honer1780

Turkey hone1794

polishing-slate1801

burr1816

Turkey stone1816

German hone1817

Arkansas1869

rag1877

rock1889

slipstone1927

1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 408 The goodness of the pavement, lately performed with Scotch stone.

1778 A. Wight Present State Husbandry in Scotl. II. iv. 211 Three fleeces make a Scotch stone, that fells for fifteen shillings.

1826 Franklin Jrnl. Nov. 286 Instead of the latter, the Scotch stone, called, water of ayr, is often used: this exists in abundance, in the State of North Carolina.

1856 H. S. Randall Sheep Husbandry x. 149 It was called the laid wool, and was usually from 1s. to 2s. per Scotch stone of 24lbs.

1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 135/1 Among hones of less importance..may be noted..Water of Ayr stone, Scotch stone, or snake stone, used for tools and for polishing marble.

1996 A. M. Fisch Textile Techniques in Metal (rev. ed.) iii. 36 Very deep scratches are removed with a Scotch stone and water.

Scotch whisky n. [compare earlier Irish whiskey n. at Irish adj. and n. Compounds 3] whisky distilled in Scotland, esp. from malted barley; a brand or drink of this; cf. sense B. 3c.

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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > whisky > [noun] > Scotch whisky

Scotch whisky1793

mountain dew1816

Scotch1883

1793 D. McBride Gen. Instr. Choice of Wines iii. 50 Some of the Scotch whisky is very wholesome, especially that which is distilled from the best barley.

1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 39 Mr. Thomas Potter ordered the waiter to bring in, two goes of his best Scotch whiskey, with warm water and sugar.

1855 J. F. W. Johnston Chem. Common Life I. xiv. 337 While malt liquors give our Scotch and Irish whiskies.

1893 Rep. Sel. Comm. on Clubs Registration Bill App. 176 in Parl. Papers X. 463 Witness..‘stood’ drinks—for Gamble, a Scotch whisky; for himself, a bitter beer.

1985 A. M. Rugman & J. McIlveen Megafirms v. 130 Chivas Regal, a scotch whisky, is aged for twelve [years].

2005 Church Times 5 Aug. 12/3 Before a product can be legally called Scotch whisky, it must have spent at least three years in an oak cask.

Scotch woodcock n. scrambled (or hard-boiled) eggs and anchovy paste on buttered toast, typically served at the beginning or end of a meal as a savoury.

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the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > egg dishes > [noun] > other egg dishes

poachéa1425

meseladea1450

potrona1450

malasadec1450

poached eggc1450

eggs in moonshine?1558

snow1597

fondue1806

Scotch egg1808

soufflé1813

scrabbed eggsa1825

Scotch woodcock1836

egg salad1873

prairie oyster1879

Adam and Eve on a raft1891

Russian egg1891

eggs Benedict1898

huevos rancheros1901

sabayon1906

oeuf en cocotte1909

shakshuka1930

piperade1931

thousand-year egg1961

1836 W. Kitchiner Cook's Oracle 315 Scotch Woodcock... Three or four slices of Bread, Toast and Butter well on both sides [etc.].

1894 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ Real Charlotte II. xix. 60 Miss Fitzpatrick had eaten her curry with a knife and fork, and her Scotch woodcock with a spoon.

1995 Independent 28 Jan. 32/7 Scotch woodcock, that essentially British savoury, is now rarely encountered outside grand hotels of a certain period and gentlemen's clubs.

Scotch yoke n. Mechanics a mechanism for converting steady circular motion into linear simple harmonic motion, comprising a crank bearing a pin which, as the crank revolves, slides in a straight slot constrained to move backwards and forwards along a straight line in a plane at right angles to the plane of the slot.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > other specific mechanisms

stop?1523

clockwork1652

sector1715

rackwork1755

scapement1789

scape1798

safety catch1827

controller1836

dog1840

Geneva stop1841

Maltese cross1852

throw-off1852

gearhead1869

tripper1870

Scotch yoke1880

Geneva movement1881

belt-tightener1882

watch1882

selector1890

Geneva wheel1891

throw-out1894

Geneva motion1897

horse-geara1899

Geneva mechanism1903

safety catch1904

Geneva drive1913

Geneva1919

Possum1961

1880 U.S. Patent 227,652 1/2 The struts j j, shackle-bar L, and cross-head K may be omitted, and the well-known Scotch yoke be substituted.

1927 C. W. Ham & E. J. Crane Mechanics of Machinery ii. 27 An application of the Scotch yoke as it has occasionally been used on small engines and steam pumps.

2000 Canberra Times (Nexis) 2 June a18 The lightweight (75kg) 1·4-litre petrol engine chosen was a Scotch Yoke design.

C3. In names of weights and measures of the system formerly used in Scotland. Cf. sense A. 1c.See also Scotch stone n. (b) at Compounds 2.

Scotch acre n. now historical and rare a unit of (land) area equal to four roods (rood n. 7b) (approx. 6,100 square yards, 5,100 square metres).

ΚΠ

1740 A. Wright Treat. Pract. Arithm. 20 A Scotch Acre is to an English Acre as 55353·6 to 43560.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth p. vi A Scotch acre commonly = 6084 square yards.

1843 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (1857) Suppl. §8308 The following table exhibits the cost per Scotch acre of draining in this method.

1965 Eng. Hist. Rev. 80 601 Scotch acres and stones of 22½ pounds.

† Scotch boll n. Obsolete a measure of capacity for grain, flour, etc., equal to approx. six imperial bushels; (also) a measure of weight equal to 160 pounds (73 kg); cf. boll n.²

ΚΠ

1753 R. Wallace Diss. Numbers Mankind 142 About one shilling six pence the Scotch boll [of corn].

1812 Weekly Reg. (Baltimore) 6 June 232/2 The Scotch boll is almost six bushels.

1893 H. Schmidt Tate's Mod. Cambist (ed. 23) 10 Oatmeal, by the Scotch boll of 140 lb.

Scotch ell n. now historical a unit of length equal to approx. one yard (94 cm); cf. ell n.¹ 1a.

ΚΠ

1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce cclxvi. 225 60 Ells hath made here 72 Scotch Ells.

1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook vii, in Poems (new ed.) 57 Its stature seem'd lang Scotch ells twa.

1870 E. C. Brewer Dict. Phrase & Fable 265/1 The English ell was a yard and a quarter, the Scotch ell a little more than a yard.

2006 Fairbanks (Alaska) Daily New-Miner (Nexis) 16 May The Flemish ell is 27 inches long, the Scotch ell 37.2, and the English ell's obsolete but once was a whopping 45 inches.

Scotch mile n. now historical a unit of distance equal to approx. 1,976 yards (1,807 metres); cf. mile n.¹ 1.

ΚΠ

1645 J. Vicars Gods Ark 137 They came 18 Scotch miles that day to reach Barwick.

1734 D. Hume Lett. (1932) I. 14 Drunk an English Pint of Claret Wine every Day, & rode 8 or 10 Scotch Miles.

1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 166 But sax Scotch mile, thou try't their mettle.

1864 Ladies' Repository June 382/1 We walk in the United Kingdom by the measure of four sorts of miles, an English mile being 217 yards shorter than a Scotch mile.

a1909 A. Anderson Later Poems (1912) 188 I min' a waddin' I was at, A dozen guid Scotch miles away.

Scotch pint n. now historical a measure of capacity for liquids equal to approx. three imperial pints; see pint n. 2a.

ΚΠ

1694 G. Rule Def. Vindic. Church Scotl. 17 Bring Water from the Wells in greater quantity than a Scotch Pint.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth p. vi Table Weights etc., 1 Scotch pint = 103·4 cubic inches.

1820 J. Cleland Rise & Progress Glasgow 167 Fruit is sold by the sleek of 20 Scotch pints.

1902 E. Braun Baker's Bk. I. 194 The Scotch bakers have a distinct measure, which they call Scotch pint, equal to about a half gallon of English measure.

1972 Econ. Hist. Rev. 25 78 Regarding milk, a Scotch pint..was said to approximate to 3 pints Imperial.

C4. In the names of plants and animals (sense A. 3).

Scotch argus n. either of two butterflies with brown wings and eye-like markings which (within Great Britain) are found mainly in Scotland: †(a) a European lycaenid, the northern brown argus, Aricia artaxerxes (obsolete); (b) a Palaearctic nymphalid, Erebia aethiops.

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1803 A. H. Haworth Lepidoptera Britannica i. 47 [Papilio Artaxerxes] The Scotch Argus.

1807 E. Donovan Nat. Hist. Brit. Insects XII. 87 (heading) Papilio Blandina [sc. Erebia aethiops]. Scotch Argus Butterfly.

1876 J. Gibson in Encycl. Brit. IV. 595/1 Other species are extremely local, as the Scotch Argus (Lycæna artaxerxes), confined to a few Scottish hillsides.

1989 A. M. Emmet et al. Moths & Butterflies Great Brit. & Ireland VII. i. 258/1 Rennie (1832) called it [sc. Erebia aethiops] the Scotch Ringlet, having used Scotch Argus for Aricia artaxerxes (Fabricius).

1999 Scotland's Nat. Heritage No. 15. 21/2 Purple moor-grass provides food and shelter for caterpillars of the Scotch argus.

Scotch asphodel n. now rare = Scottish asphodel n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > asphodels

affodill1440

daffodilly1538

daffodil1548

asphodel1597

king's spear1597

onion asphodel1597

knavery1640

frodils1674

Scotch asphodel1771

ten o'clock1826

bog asphodel1881

1771 J. Roberston Jrnl. 10 June in D. M. Henderson & J. H. Dickson Naturalist in Highlands (1994) vi. 160 In the head of Glen Awin I found abundance of the Scotch asphodel.

1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants 199 Scotch Asphodel, a plant of the Asphodel tribe common in Scotland, Tofieldia palustris, Huds.

1910 E. A. N. Arber Plant Life Alpine Switzerland vii. 178 The Alpine Cerast.., the Scotch Asphodel (Tofieldia palustris, Huds.), and the Reticulate and Dwarf Willows, are, for example, almost confined in Switzerland to the High Alpine region.

1947 H. W. Meikle Scotland 18 On wetter moorland there may abound..the golden-flowered bog-asphodel, and its rarer cousin the Scotch asphodel with greenish-white flowers.

Scotch attorney n. Caribbean (now rare) any of several tropical plants which twine around the trunks of trees and may eventually kill them; spec. any of various species of Clusia, and the strangler fig (genus Ficus); cf. Scotchman hugging the (also †a) Creole at Scotchman n. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > parasitic plants > [noun] > other

beech-drops1815

rafflesia1822

Scotchman hugging the (also a) Creole1828

Brugmansia1832

John Crow nose1844

pinedrops1848

nettle-blight1849

Scotch attorney1864

Jim Crow's nose1866

witchweed1881

devil's guts1889

1850 Hooker's Jrnl. Bot. 2 283 The Fig is considered the most useless tree in Jamaica. The bark makes a very good cordage, but there are others..that yield a better; and by universal consent it is looked down upon as the embodied principle of evil, and compared to a Scotch attorney strangling a Creole proprietor.]

1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 787 Scotch attorney: Clusia.

1871 C. Kingsley At Last I. v. 164 The Matapalo (or Scotch Attorney, as it is rudely called here) stands alone on stilted roots.

1962 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 75 330/1 Matapel. Ficus spp. Matapalo. Scotch Attorney.

2004 D. F. Austin Florida Ethnobot. 309/2 Another name that conveys the contempt that people have for these trees is Scotch attorney (Trinidad). Usually, however, in English, we simply say strangler fig.

Scotch barley n. (a) a variety of barley originating in Scotland; (b) barley from which the outer husk has been removed but the grain left otherwise intact (also called pot barley).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > barley > types of barley or barley-plant

polbere1440

bigg1446

long-ear?1523

sprat-barley?1523

waybent1538

wall barley1548

barley-bigg1552

bigg-barley1562

polbarley1574

pilled barley1578

way bennet1578

wheat-barley1578

French barley1596

way barley1597

rough bere1642

palm-barley1706

Scotch barley1707

square barleya1722

Thor-barley1755

ware-bere1793

barley-grass1795

German rice1828

battledore barley1848

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > prepared grains

polentaOE

groats?a1100

tisanea1425

oat groatsa1475

grist?1567

polent1577

French barley1596

pearl barley1639

shelled corn1676

pot barley1761

burghul1764

semolina1784

yokeag1824

burgoo1825

Scotch barley1825

pearl sago1828

semoletta1844

semola1853

manna croup1864

manna groats1864

corn chip1868

rolled oats1870

flake-manna1886

flake-tapioca1886

grape-nuts1898

kibble1902

stamped mealies1911

stamp1923

bulgur1934

freekeh1940

stamp mealies1952

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 100 In Lincolnshire they sow a sort of Barly that they call Scotch Barly. It hath a square Ear.

1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. §4689 Of pot-barley there are two sorts, pearl and Scotch; both are produced by grinding off the husk.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 48 Scotch barley..does not malt well.

1933 W. W. Robbins & F. Ramaley Plants useful to Man iv. 58 Some varieties (‘hooded’ or ‘Scotch’ barley) bear a curious structure, the hood, at the tip of the lemma.

2009 J. Bessinger & T. Yablon-Brenner Simple Food for Busy Families xii. 159/1 Scotch barley is not as processed as pearl—it takes about an hour to cook.

† Scotch bere n. [ < Scotch adj. + bere n.¹] Obsolete a hardy kind of barley grown in Scotland.

ΚΠ

1786 R. Burns Poems 22 I sing the juice Scotch bear can mak us, In glass or jug.

1792 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. IV. 152 The principal crops are black and white oats, Scotch bear, rye and potatoes.

1845 Hog's Weekly Instructor 4 Oct. 82/2 The common long-eared barley has a double row of seeds..—the Scotch bear, or bigge, has six rows.

† Scotch bigg n. [ < Scotch adj. + bigg n.] Obsolete a hardy kind of barley grown in Scotland.

ΚΠ

1780 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XV. 332 He was not prepared to enter into a minute consideration, of the comparative intrinsic value of English barley, and Scotch bigg.

1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum I. 154 The only corn cultivated [in the Faroe Islands] is the Scotch bigg, and that does not always ripen.

Scotch Blackface n. = Scottish Blackface n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4.

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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > specific breeds or members of > Scotch Blackface

short-sheep1805

Scotch Blackface1840

Scottish Blackface1899

1791 R. Beilby Gen. Hist. Quadrupeds (ed. 2) 49 An Ewe, of the small black-faced Scotch breed, produced two ewe lambs before she had compleated her first year.]

1840 J. W. Massie Continental India II. 203 Mysore sheep—and their mutton is as good as is the Welsh or Scotch black-face—may also be procured.

1945 J. F. H. Thomas et al. Sheep ii. 30 It deserves the title Scotch Blackface because in that country it is of paramount importance.

1995 Guardian 18 Jan. i. 21/3 Scotch black-faced ewes gain access to cliff-grazing from the pasture fields behind.

Scotch broom n. chiefly North American the common broom, Cytisus scoparius.The identity of the broom referred to in quot. 1798 is uncertain.

ΚΠ

1798 W. F. Mavor Brit. Tourists I. 44 A chest of drawers made of Scotch broom, most elegantly striped, is a singular curiosity.

1806 T. Jefferson Garden Bk. (1944) 323 The upper third is chiefly open, but to the South is covered with a dense thicket of Scotch broom (Spartium scoparium Lin.)

1849 Genesee (Rochester, N.Y.) Farmer July 168/2 We may mention..the common or Scotch Broom—a shrub that grows six or eight feet high, small leaves and bright golden yellow flowers.

1928 J. Suzuki Creative Art Oct. 257 An example in mori-bana was arranged..using Scotch broom to give the central feature and supplementing it with daisies and lilies.

1997 T. Morrison Paradise 283 The rain's perfume was stronger north of Ruby, especially at the Convent, where thick white clover and Scotch broom colonized every place but the garden.

† Scotch cinquefoil n. Obsolete rare a yellow-flowered cinquefoil, Potentilla sibbaldia (also called Sibbaldia procumbens), found on grassy and rocky slopes in central and northern Scotland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > rosaceous plants > [noun] > potentilla or cinquefoil

quinquefoileOE

five-leafc1000

goose-grassa1400

camorochec1440

five-leaved grass1526

tansyc1530

cinquefoil1538

potentilla1548

five-fingered grass1562

agrimony1578

silverweed1578

goose-tansy1597

silver grass1600

silverwort1611

five-finger-grass1640

midsummer silvera1697

strawberry cinquefoil1753

Scotch cinquefoil1789

goose-weed1865

five-finger1866

fair days1884

fair-grass1884

potentil1884

1789 W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis III. 493 Scotch Cinquefoil.

1843 W. Baxter Brit. Phænogamous Bot. VI. 470 Sibbaldia procumbens. Procumbent Sibbaldia. Scotch Cinquefoil.

Scotch crocus n. a variety of the crocus Crocus biflorus, thought to originate in southern Europe, typically white-flowered with the outer petals striped with purple.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > iris and related flowers > crocus

saffronc1425

autumn crocus1629

crocusa1639

Scotch crocus1731

vernal crocus1778

saffron crocus1857

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Crocus The ordinary Strip'd Crocus, commonly call'd the Scotch Crocus.

1828 Mirror of Lit. 22 Mar. 205/2 As the cloth of gold crocus has large roots covered with network, so the Scotch crocus is distinguished by a yellowness about the roots.

1915 F. King Well-considered Garden vii. 98 Crocus biflorus, the ‘Scotch crocus’, is white, with pencillings of grayish mauve on its three outer petals.

2005 J. E. Bryan Pocket Guide to Bulbs 72/1 Crocus biflorus. Scotch crocus... Flowers white or lilac blue, with three purple or brownish purple bands on outer segments.

† Scotch curlies n. Obsolete a variety of kale with curly leaves; curly kale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > cabbage > types of > other types of cabbage

red coleOE

brisoka1340

red colewort?a1500

rape-cole1597

red cabbage1597

loaf-cabbage1727

sugar-loaf1766

drumhead1783

sugar-loaf cabbage1786

Yorkshire cabbage1786

York1823

palm-kale1853

Scotch curlies1855

thousand-head kale1887

cut-and-come-again1888

1855 C. McIntosh Bk. Garden II. 108/2 Prejudice, we believe, continues the cultivation of those over that of one of the very best of the family, the German greens or Scotch curlies.

1866 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener, & Country Gentleman 21 Aug. 147/1 Scotland's climate is too inclement for any cultivated plant to thrive if less robust than Scotch Curlies and Oats.

Scotch dipper n. U.S. regional = Scotch teal n.

ΚΠ

1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 83 At Wilmington, N.C. [= North Carolina], Scotch-duck, Scotchman, Scotch-dipper, and Scotch-teal.

1900 Birds & Nature 8 155 In the South some of the same names are heard, the Scotch dipper, or duck, the Scotch teal and the Wool-head.

1982 R. Elman Hunter's Field Guide (rev. ed.) 211 Scotch dipper, Scotch teal.

Scotch elm n. the wych elm, Ulmus glabra; also called Scots elm.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elms > [noun]

wycheOE

elmc1000

ulm-treec1000

witch hazela1400

all-heart1567

ulme1567

white elm1580

wych elm1582

witchen1594

weeping elm1606

trench-elm1676

smooth-leaved elm1731

witch elm1731

water elm1733

slippery elm1748

Scotch elm1769

wahoo1770

American elm1771

red elm1805

witches' elm1808

moose elm1810

cork-elm1813

rock elm1817

swamp elm1817

planer tree1819

Jersey elm1838

winged elm1858

sand elm1878

Exeter-elm1882

1769 A. Dalrymple Hist. Coll. Voy. S. Pacific 21 It is sometimes larger than a man's leg, the back very rough, with deep scores, like the Scotch elm.

1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum III. 1399 The Scotch elm has not so upright a trunk as the English elm.

1901 A. O. Huntingdon Stud. Trees in Winter viii. 111 The Scotch elm, like the English elm, is extensively cultivated in the parks and gardens about Boston.

1997 M. Dirr Dirr's Hardy Trees 410/2 Ulmus glabra. Scotch Elm. Because of Dutch elm disease, elm leaf beetle, and general scruffiness, this species does not deserve planting.

Scotch fir n. = Scots pine n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > fir-tree

spurch1295

firc1381

fir-treea1382

mast tree1597

white fir1605

Scotch fir1673

silver fir1707

Scotchman1807

fir balsam1810

Alpine fir1819

deal treea1825

pinsapo1839

fir-pine1843

red fir1852

grand fir1874

mountain balsam1878

Shasta fir1897

Santa Lucia fir1905

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 85 Hortulanis nostris perperam the Scotch-Firre, i. e. Abies Scotica dicitur.

1789 A. Emmerich Culture of Forests xx. 78 There are three species of Needle Wood or Firs: the Norway Fir, the Scotch Fir, and the Silver Fir.

1832 Prize-ess. & Trans. Highland Soc. Scotl. 9 190 His gardener..thought proper, during the Duke's absence, to beet up with Scotch fir, as nurses to the larch.

1919 W. F. Beddoes Managem. Eng. Woodlands iv. 73 Scotch fir sells for a poor price, unless the wood has a cheap haulage to a colliery so that it can be sold for pit-props.

1988 Ambio 17 269 Although this new type of tree disease mainly affects the sessile oak, nevertheless, in several areas, the robur oak, alder, ash and the cultivated Scotch fir..are also affected.

Scotch gale n. [ < Scotch adj. + gale n.¹] now rare bog myrtle, Myrica gale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > myrtles > [noun]

myrt?a1200

myrt-treea1382

mirtusc1384

myrtine?a1450

myrtle tree1548

myrtle1562

nerte1585

Australian tea1728

Bencoolen tea1728

New Zealand tea1728

Scotch gale1795

Callistemon1814

manuka1832

myrtal1846

mangrove-myrtle1847

swamp tea tree1862

lid-flower1866

Barringtonia1871

tea-broom1872

kanuka1906

myrtle-of-the-river1919

1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 60 Near to the King's Well, in the same barony, is to be found what is called the Scotch-gale, a species of the myrtle.

1844 tr. C. V. P. d'Arlincourt Three Kingdoms II. iii. 105 This flower in Scotch Gale is a sort of myrtle that grows only by the waterside.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 451/2 Bog-myrtle is usually just myrtle; also gall, gale or Scotch gale.

† Scotch geranium n. Obsolete rare herb Robert, Geranium robertianum.

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1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names Scotch Geranium, Geranium Robertianum, L. Forf[arshire].

Scotch goose n. [after post-classical Latin anser scoticus brent or barnacle goose, (also) gannet (mid 17th cent.); compare earlier Scots goose n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3] now chiefly historical either the barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis, or the brent goose, B. bernicla.

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a1682 Sir T. Browne Norfolk Birds in Notes & Lett. Nat. Hist. Norfolk (1902) 13 Scoch goose Anser scoticus.

1775 W. Hayes Nat. Hist. Brit. Birds 14 The Bernacle [or]..Scotch Goose.

1893 H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norfolk (Eastern Daily Press) (ed. 2) 48 The old Scotch geese allers show up in hard frost, but 'aint they shy!

1958 L. Thorndike Hist. Magic & Exper. Sci. VIII. xxiv. 51 Robert Sibbald in his Scotia illustrata (..1684) again confuted the fable of Scotch geese.

Scotch grass n. [probably after Scotland, the name of a district in Barbados] now rare any of several grasses cultivated as forage in tropical climates; esp. any of several grasses of the genus Urochloa (formerly included in Panicum), grown in Jamaica.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > non-British grasses > [noun] > American or West Indian

man-grass1672

Scotch grass1707

ginger-grass1750

savannah grass1750

bottlebrush1798

rescue grass1853

ant rice1861

1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. p. xvii They are likewise fatted by Scotch Grass.

1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 133 Scotch Grass. This plant is cultivated, and thrives very luxuriantly in all the low and marshy lands of Jamaica.

1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 75/1 The Scotch grass grows with great luxuriance by the sides of the rivers [of Jamaica].

1906 Q. Jrnl. (Inst. Commercial Res. Tropics) 1 80 The island [sc. Jamaica] seems to have open waste pastures and plenty of Guinea and Scotch grass, both well adapted for the feeding of cattle.

Scotch grey n. †(a) a variety of potato with good keeping properties (obsolete); (b) (now rare) a variety of oat (also more fully † scotch grey oat); also in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats > oat plants

pilcorn1283

aveyn1475

pillotes1551

pilled oats1578

naked oat1597

groats1669

pillez1764

oat1790

Scotch grey1798

turnip-oatsc1800

1798 J. Smith Gen. View Agric. Argyll vii. 88 The most common varieties of potato at present are, the Scotch-gray, the lady-white, and pink-eye.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 578 The blue oat..is suggested in Miller's Dictionary as the sort known to farmers under the title of Scotch Greys.

1848 Amer. Jrnl. Agric. & Sci. May 199 The Scotch Gray is an excellent potato, being heavy, firm, and not much inclined to decay.

1854 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 4) I. i. ii. 311 The old Scotch gray oat is the species most commonly cultivated.

1904 Jrnl. Dept. Agric. West. Austral. 9 448 Scotch Greys are very similar to the Red Skins, and they are regarded by many people as equal a cropper..to the latter.

1912 Exper. Station Rec. 1911 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 25 636 In a test of 4 varieties of oats, Scotch Grey produced the highest yield, 18 bu. and 30 lbs.

Scotch heath n. either of two purple-flowered heathers found in western Europe, the bell heather, Erica cinerea, and the common heather, Calluna vulgaris; cf. Scotch heather n.

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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > heather or heath and similar plants > [noun]

heather1335

ling?c1357

heath1626

grig1691

bottle heath?1711

sea-heath1713

heather-bell1725

red heath?1788

Calluna1803

Scotch heath1822

Erica1826

winter heath1842

heathwort1847

heath-blooms1858

St. Dabeoc's heath1863

cat-heather1864

honey bottle1868

French heath1871

1822 Manch. Iris 9 Nov. 325/2 The flowers are a beautiful Scotch heath with red blossoms.

1867 T. Moore Brit. Wild Flowers 103 This very common and very beautiful plant, though it has been distinguished as the Scotch Heath, is by no means confined to that country.

1908 Jrnl. Hort. & Home Farmer 25 June 584/2 A dwarf, close-growing, bright crimson-flowered variety of the so-called Scotch Heath.

2003 L. Hill & N. Hill Flower Gardener's Bible 257/3 Scotch heath or bell heather (E. cinerea) blooms throughout the summer.

Scotch heather n. any of several European heathers; esp. the common heather, Calluna vulgaris; cf. Scotch heath n.

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1833 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 264 As strong partisans of Glenlivet, in preference to Innishowen—admiring our Scotch heather infinitely more than the Irish turf bog—we may have some reason to object to this decision.

1870 W. Robinson Alpine Flowers 208 There is the showy and beautiful Scotch Heather (Erica cinerea), always attractive in a wild state.

1946 Times 7 June 9/5 The Scotch heather (Calluna vulgaris), which does so well in gardens where the soil is on the moist side is even more prodigal in varieties than the true ericas.

2003 M. Kirton Dig 388/2 Scotch heather (Calluna vulgaris) is famous for its purple flowers, but the range also includes white and rose.

Scotch kale n. a variety of kale with curled leaves; curly kale (cf. kale n. 1a).

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1759 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 7) Brassica fimbriata Siberica... Siberian Borecole, called by some Scotch Kale.

1824 Cottager's Monthly Visitor Mar. 129 The next sort which I recommend, is the green borecole, or Scotch kale. This is a fine tall curley green. It is much cultivated in Oxfordshire.

1893 J. McVittie In Memoriam 191 We seldom hear o' guid Scotch kale Or Scottish haver brose.

1943 Times 22 Feb. 7/7 Scotch kale, 2s. to 2s. 9d. for 28lb. boxes.

2003 1000 Gardening Questions & Answers (N.Y. Times) 18 Don't overlook the ornamental effect of leafy vegetables. Scotch kale, to name one, is gorgeous—deep blue-green and heavily frilled.

Scotch laburnum n. the laburnum Laburnum alpinum (see laburnum n. 1), which has long racemes of bright yellow flowers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > laburnum > [noun]

laburnum1567

awber1684

Scotch laburnum1776

pea tree1822

golden chain1825

gold chain1841

false ebony1892

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > laburnum as timber tree

laburnum1567

awber1684

Scotch laburnum1776

pea tree1822

false ebony1892

1776 J. Kennedy Treat. Planting vi. 136 Laburnum (the Scotch) is one of the beautifullest trees of the forest kind.

1895 Meehan's Monthly Mar. 49/2 Travelers in Scotland and the North of England must have been struck with the great beauty of the Scotch Laburnum in the early spring time.

1935 Times 23 May 13/1 A spacious lawn is enclosed by yew hedges, against which the bloom of Scotch laburnum shows up to advantage.

2003 A. Paterson Trees for your Garden 127/1 As the flower racemes are short it [sc. the common laburnum] lacks the swaying grace of its close cousin the Scotch laburnum (L. alpinum).

Scotch lilac n. now rare a cultivated variety of the common lilac, Syringa vulgaris, with dark purple flowers, first grown in Scotland.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > lilac and allied trees > syringal mock orange

pipe1597

pipe tree1629

syringa1664

mock orange1731

seringa1740

Philadelphus1754

Scotch lilac1759

orange-flower tree1877

1759 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 7) at Syringa One of these [varieties] has white Flowers, one blue, and the third has purple Flowers; the latter is commonly known by the Title of Scotch Lilac.

1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum II. lxxv. 1209 The common purple Lilac; also called the Scotch Lilac, because it was first recorded in Sutherland's Catalogue of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden.

1891 Entomologist's Rec. 1 247 During July I found the flowers of the Scotch lilac extremely attractive to some fairly good species.

1959 D. Bartrúm Lilac & Laburnum 74 The ‘Scotch Lilac’ was the appropriate common name chosen for it, and the plant was considered to be the most beautiful Lilac then in cultivation.

Scotch lovage n. a kind of lovage, Ligusticum scotium, with clusters of small white flowers, found on salt marshes and rocky sea shores in northern Europe and parts of North America; also called sea parsley.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > lovage

luvestichec1000

lovagec1300

libstick1688

Scotch lovage1731

Scotch parsley1774

smellage1836

sea-parsley1843

osha1889

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Ligusticum Scotch Lovage, with a Parsly Leaf.

1898 Bot. Gaz. 25 355 Few of them have showy blossoms, though the flowers of the beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus) and the Scotch lovage (Ligusticum Scoticum) are exceptions to this rule.

1943 M. L. Fernald & A. C. Kinsey Edible Wild Plants Eastern N. Amer. 295 In America Scotch Lovage has never come into general favor, but in the Hebrides and other maritime sections of Scotland it has long been used.

2004 H. Thurston Place between Tides 137 Bill identifies Scotch lovage or seaside celery, a species that in northern marshes marks the upper limit of the salt marsh.

Scotch mercury n. Scottish (now rare) the foxglove, Digitalis purpurea; cf. mercury n. 10.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > foxglove and allied flowers > foxglove

foxglovec1000

London button1552

wine-pot herb1552

finger1562

finger flower1562

lady's glove1575

foxter1623

fox-finger1657

fox1684

bloody finger1789

witch bell1808

fairy fingers1811

fairy thimble1813

dead men's bells1818

witches' thimbles1820

fairy bells1821

fairy glove1841

flap-dock1846

cow-flop1847

pop-glove1847

lady's thimble1853

Scotch mercury1853

poppy1856

fairy petticoats1864

finger root1870

fairy weed1871

pop-dock1878

witches' bells1884

1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 157 Digitalis purpurea..Fox-glove... Scotch Mercury. Wild Mercury.—Common.

1910 Encycl. Brit. X. at Foxglove In the south of Scotland it is called bloody fingers; farther north dead-men's-bells; and on the eastern borders, ladies' thimbles, wild mercury and Scotch mercury.

Scotch parsley n. now rare = Scotch lovage n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > lovage

luvestichec1000

lovagec1300

libstick1688

Scotch lovage1731

Scotch parsley1774

smellage1836

sea-parsley1843

osha1889

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 310 Ligusticum scoticum, Scotch parsley, or the shunis of this island [sc. the Hebrides].

1812 R. J. Thornton Brit. Flora V. 18 Scotch Parsley or Lovage. It is sometimes eaten raw as a salad, or boiled as greens. The root is reckoned a good carminative.

1843 W. Baxter Brit. Phænogamous Bot. VI. 472 Ligusticum scoticum. Scotch Lovage. Scotch Parsley. Sea Parsley.

1977 R. Le Strange Hist. Herbal Plants 162/1 As a medicine only the aromatic roots of the Sea Lovage, also known as the Northern Lovage and Scotch Parsley, were prescribed.

Scotch pine n. = Scots pine n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies

pine treeeOE

pineOE

pine-nut treec1330

pineapplec1390

pineapple treea1398

mountain pine1597

pine1597

mountain pine1601

frankincense1611

rosin flower?1611

black pine1683

Scotch pine1706

yellow pine1709

Jersey pine1743

loblolly pine1760

mugoa1768

Scots pine1774

Scotch fir1777

arrow plant1779

scrub pine1791

Georgia pine1796

old field pine1797

tamarack1805

grey pine1810

pond pine1810

New Jersey pine1818

loblolly1819

Corsican pine1824

celery-top pine1827

toatoa1831

heavy-wooded pine1836

nut pine1845

celery pine1851

celery-topped pine1851

sugar-pine1853

western white pine1857

Jeffrey1858

Korean pine1858

lodge-pole pine1859

jack pine1863

whitebark pine1864

twisted pine1866

Monterey pine1868

tanekaha1875

chir1882

slash-pine1882

celery-leaved pine1883

knee-pine1884

knobcone pine1884

matsu1884

meadow pine1884

Alaska pine1890

limber pine1901

bristlecone pine1908

o-matsu1916

insignis1920

radiata1953

1706 J. Evelyn Silva (ed. 4) ii. iii. 139 There is also the Pinaster, another of the Wild-kind; but none of them exceeding the Spanish, call'd by us, the Scotch Pine, for its tall and erect growth.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxviii. 443 The most known [pine] among us is the Scotch Pine, or as it is vulgarly called Scotch Fir: this has two leaves in a sheath.

1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum IV. cxiii. 2173 As a fuel, the wood of the Scotch pine lights easily, and burns with great rapidity; but it produces a black and very disagreeable smoke.

1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 464 The Scotch Pine or Fir as it is called in England is perfectly hardy throughout the north, where it is planted both as an ornamental tree in parks and as a windbreak on the prairies.

2008 New Yorker 23 June 60/1 As the painters were learning to crush hematite, and to sharpen embers of Scotch pine for their charcoal.., the last Neanderthals were still living.

Scotch primrose n. now rare = Scottish primrose n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > primrose and allied flowers > primrose or auricula

primrosea1425

primula1526

petty mullein1578

bear's ear1597

bear's ear sanicle1597

bird's eye1597

mountain cowslip1597

rock rose1597

French cowslip1629

auricula1655

polyanthusa1678

polyanth1757

Scotch primrose1777

plumrose1787

plumrock1789

bird's eye primrose1796

Chinese primrose1825

dusty miller1825

Jack-in-the-box1850

Jack in the green1875

polyanthus primrose1882

boar's-ears-

1777 W. Curtis Flora Londinensis I. Pl. 16 The white and the dingy purple, called by some the Scotch Primrose.

1863 M. Plues Rambles in Search of Wild Flowers 234 The Scotch Primrose (P. Scotica), is a still smaller plant, and its blossoms are of a deep purple, with yellow centres.

1907 Jrnl. Hort. & Home Farmer 18 July 58/1 Fearing he might say that the Scotch Primrose followed the reputation of the Scotchman, might be stubborn and not act, I sent..for English Primroses.

Scotch rose n. a wild Eurasian rose, Rosa pimpinellifolia (formerly called R. spinosissima), or any of numerous cultivated varieties of it; also called burnet rose.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorn-tree or -bush > brier or wild rose-bush > [noun]

brierc1000

eglaterea1400

eglantinec1400

hound's thornc1420

dogberry1527

dog-briar1530

sweet-briar1538

brier-bush1562

dog bramble1567

canker1582

dog rose1597

canker rose1606

dog-thorn1694

cynorrhodon1706

bramble-rose1713

Scotch rose1731

white dog rose1770

brier-rose1810

bull-brier1860

missionary1881

burnet-rose1884

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Rosa The strip'd Scotch Rose... The sixth Sort is found wild in Scotland.

1820 J. Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. London (1822) 4 281 The Scotch Rose has been, and still is, sometimes called the Burnet Rose; it is the Rosa spinosissima of the English authors.

1892 C. M. Yonge Old Woman's Outlook 161 The little thorny Scotch roses..are creeping over the cottages.

1951 Q. Rev. Biol. 26 295/1 The hedge roses, the shrub rose.., and the Scotch Rose (R[osa] spinosissima) are recommended.

2001 D. Squire Pruning Basics ii. 38 The Burnet rose..is also occasionally called the Scotch rose because of the many hybrids and varieties that were created and popularized by Scottish nurserymen.

† Scotch scurvy-grass n. Obsolete = Scottish scurvy grass n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > bindweed or convolvulus

woodbinec875

withwindc1000

bearbinda1325

bindweed1548

buckwheat1548

foalfoot1548

sea-cole1548

convolvulus1551

weedbind1551

soldanel1562

withweed1567

bindcorn1574

running buck1574

bind1575

ivy-bindweed1578

weedwind1578

windweed1578

withywind1578

nil1597

sea-bell1597

sea-bindweed1597

sea or Scottish scurvy-grass1597

sea-withwind1597

soldanella1597

ropeweed1598

bethwine1609

volubilis1664

Scotch scurvy-grassa1722

black bindweed1785

calystegia1880

sea convolvulus1921

bell-binder-

a1722 J. Quincy tr. Dispensatory Royal Coll. Physicians London (1727) 341 Soldanella [Brasica marina] Scotch Scurvy-grass.

1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica II. Index Scotch Scurvy-grass.

1842 T. Andrew Cycl. Domest. Med. & Surg. 487/1 There is another plant.., the Soldanella, or Brassica Marina, sometimes called Scotch scurvy grass, which possesses very different virtues, from the common garden scurvy grass.

Scotch teal n. U.S. regional the bufflehead (duck), Bucephala albeola; cf. Scotch dipper n., Scotchman n. 7.

ΚΠ

1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 83 At Wilmington, N.C. [= North Carolina], Scotch-duck, Scotchman, Scotch-dipper, and Scotch-teal; the latter name being a favorite with hucksters, ‘Teal’ being always in demand.

1900 Birds & Nature 8 155 In the South some of the same names are heard.., the Scotch dipper, or duck, the Scotch teal and the Wool-head.

1982 R. Elman Hunter's Field Guide (rev. ed.) 211 Scotch dipper, Scotch teal.

Scotch terrier n. = Scottish terrier n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > terrier > [noun] > Scottish

Scotch terrier1809

Scottish terrier1815

Aberdeen terrier1880

Aberdeen1882

Scotty1882

die-hard1900

1809 W. Bingley Mem. Brit. Quadrupeds i. 84 A little Scotch Terrier.., after hearing a stone thrown out of a window, in a perfectly dark night, would..never fail to return with the same stone in his mouth.

1889 H. Dalziel Brit. Dogs (ed. 2) II. 363 Such are the Dandie Dinmont, the Skye, and the Aberdeen Terrier, the latter now merged in the class recognised at our shows as the Scotch Terrier.

1927 E. C. Ash Dogs: their Hist. & Devel. II. ii. 422 Two kinds of terriers are described—the rough-haired Scotch and the smooth-haired English.

1995 Jrnl. Mod. Lit. 19 195 Antonia had once kept and doted on a Scotch terrier named, with numbing predictability, Jock.

Scotch thistle n. any of several thistles considered to be that used as the emblem of Scotland, variously identified as the spear thistle ( Cirsium vulgare), the musk thistle ( Carduus nutans), the cotton thistle ( Onopordum acanthium), and other similar plants; cf. thistle n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > thistles

thistlec725

carduea1398

wolf's-thistlea1400

cardoona1425

wolf-thistle1526

cotton-thistle1548

gum-thistle1548

oat thistle1548

black chameleon1551

ixia1551

Saint Mary thistle1552

milk thistle1562

cow-thistle1565

bedeguar1578

carline1578

silver thistle1578

white chameleon1578

globe thistle1582

ball thistle1597

down thistle1597

friar's crown1597

lady's thistle1597

gummy thistle1598

man's blood1601

musk thistle1633

melancholy thistle1653

Scotch thistle1660

boar-thistle1714

spear- thistle1753

gentle thistle1760

woolly thistle1760

wool-thistle1769

bur-thistlea1796

Canada thistle1796

pine thistle1807

plume thistle1814

melancholy plume thistle1825

woolly-headed thistle1843

dog thistle1845

dwarf thistle1846

welted thistle1846

pixie glove1858

Mexican thistle1866

Syrian thistle1866

bull thistle1878

fish belly1878

fish-bone-thistle1882

green thistle1882

herringbone thistle1884

Californian thistle1891

winged thistle1915

fish-thistles-

1660 J. M. D. Lawson Upon Blessed Return Gracious Sovreign King Charles II (single sheet) Let the Scotch Thistle yield up all her down, To ease the Travels of the tossed Crown.

1705 tr. A. Cowley Plants in Wks. (1711) III. 367 Whilst the Scotch Thistle, with audacious Pride, Taking Advantage, gores your bleeding Side.

1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 240 The handsome Cotton Thistle..is often cultivated under the name of the Scotch Thistle.

1905 Countryside 16 Sept. 285/1 It [sc. the musk thistle] is often referred to as the Scotch thistle, which it is not, this honour falling to the lot of the commonest of all the British thistles, Onopordom acanthium.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 355/2 Spear thistle, Cirsium vulgare, a common tall and upright thistle of cultivated and grazing land, is the most likely candidate for the true ‘Scotch thistle’.

Derivatives

ˈScotch-like adj. and adv.

ΚΠ

1701 London Gaz. No. 3708/1 A fawning Scotch-like Tone.

1851 Eclectic Mag. Apr. 446/1 That flock..with Scotch-like alacrity, turned up and marked in their Bibles every text which he quoted.

1879 Manitoba Daily Free Press 3 Dec. Scotch like, they persevered and returned again and again to the land granted them by Lord Selkirk.

1903 World's Work Nov. 637/1 In some of the quarries this Scotch-like economy of materials is carried yet one step further.

1957 R. H. Holder McIver of N. Carolina 39 Scotch-like, he thought of the church.

2008 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 27 Apr. g8 This rum has..a complex nose of confectioner's sugar, banana and cedar... Some scotch-like peaty overtones.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	scotch
释义	scotchn.¹ Brit. /skɒtʃ/, U.S. /skɑtʃ/ Forms: late Middle English scoch, late Middle English skoch, late Middle English stoches (plural, transmission error), 1500s scotche, 1500s– scotch, 1700s skotch (English regional (Devon)), 1700s squotch (English regional (Devon)). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: scotch v.¹ Etymology: < scotch v.¹ Compare Anglo-Norman escoche notch (see scotch v.¹).In the compounds relating to the game of hopscotch frequently with capital initial, apparently by association with Scotch adj. †1. An incision, a cut, esp. a long gash made in the flesh; a score; a notch. Obsolete (archaic and English regional (East Anglian) in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > [noun] > a cut or incision garse?c1225 chinea1387 slit1398 incisionc1400 slivingc1400 raising?a1425 scotchc1450 racec1500 tranchec1500 kerf?1523 hack1555 slash1580 hew1596 raze1596 incutting1598 slisha1616 scar1653 lancementa1655 slap1688 slip1688 nick1692 streak1725 sneck1768 snick1775 rut1785 sliver1806 overcut1874 c1450 Recipes (Douce 55) f. 57^v Cut hym in the bakke in to placys othyr thre, then draw hym in the skoch [c1450 Harl. 4016 sket] next the heued as þou dost a rounde pyke. 1526 Grete Herball cclxxiii. sig. Piv^v/1 In that countree the people make scotches or clyftes in the barke of this tre. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Cicatricosa vitis, a vine full of scotches and choppes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. viii. 6 Wee'l beat 'em into Bench-holes, I haue yet Roome for six scotches more. View more context for this quotation 1655 I. Walton Compl. Angler (ed. 2) xiii. 268 Then give him [sc. the eel] three or four scotches with a knife. 1684 London Gaz. No. 1895/4 A pretty big chubbed Man,..a Scotch in his Face. 1723 J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. Z6 Gut your Perches, give them three Scotches with a Knife to the Bone, only on one side. 1794 in J. Vaillant tr. J. Dyer Rep. Cases I. 23a If the tally have only notches or scotches indented, every scotch for twelve pence, according to the common usage. 1832 L. Hunt Boileau's Battle of Bks. 51 All arm them as they can: one gives a scotch With ‘Love's Decree’; another, with the ‘Watch’. 1866 J. G. Nall Gloss. Dial & Provinc. E. Anglia (2006) 93 A Scotch is a cut or crease. 1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta II. xvi. 467 The beast, said Sleymàn, was hide-bound; he would make scotches in her sides. 2. In the game of hopscotch: each of the lines scored or marked on the ground over which the players hop.Recorded earliest in compounds. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > hopscotch > line marked on scotch1890 1668 T. Shadwell Sullen Lovers iv. 74 Play at Catt, Stoolball, Scotch-hopp and Trap-ball. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Scotch-hopper A play in which boys hop over scotches or lines in the ground. 1890 H. Wedgwood in Notes & Queries 7th Ser. 10 64 Taking care that the tile shall be driven clear over the scotch, or scored line. 2001 E. D. Jaffe et al. Hopscotch 7 The scotch is the line on the ground the players hop over. Phrases † out of all scotch and notch: without limits; to an incalculable degree or extent. Cf. scotch v.¹ 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > impossible to number [phrase] out of numberc1325 without numberc1325 out of all scotch and notch1589 more than you can shake a stick at1818 1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Hay any Worke for Cooper A ij b The pleasure which you haue done vnto me, is out of all scotche and notche. 1594 J. Lyly Mother Bombie ii. iii. sig. D2 We gird them and flout them out of all scotch and notch, and they cannot see it. 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden Ep. Ded. sig. B2 Thou wilt be as ready as any catchpoule, out of all scotch & notch to torment him. a1605 W. Haughton English-men for my Money (1616) sig. E4 Hee was as glad as could be; out of all scotch and notch glad, out of all count glad? Compounds Forming compounds denoting the game of hopscotch. Now historical and rare. † Scotch hob n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > hopscotch spurn-point1532 Scotch hoppersa1672 hop-scot1789 pallall1799 hopscotch1801 hop-crease1803 Scotch hob1823 hop-score1829 pickie1884 potsy1905 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 333 Scotch-hob,..It is in other parts called hop-scotch. 1878 Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen 60 362 Beds, a game, also called Scotch hob or tray-trip, and played by hopping and kicking a bit of tile from bed to bed. Scotch-hop n. ΚΠ 1668Scotch-hopp [see sense 2]. 1767 London Mag. Apr. 170/2 I would apportion proper recreation,..beginning with Scotch-Hop, Foot-Ball, Cricket,..&c. 1781 J. Nichols Hogarth's Tour 73 Scott and Hogarth needs must stop At the Court-Hall to play Scotch hop. 1892 P. H. Emerson Son of Fens 8 We played hop-crease or Scotch-hop, as Jim called it. 1910 P. W. Joyce Eng. as we speak it in Ireland 301 Pickey, a round flat little stone used by children in playing transe or Scotch-hop. Scotch hoppers n. (also Scotch hopper and with lower-case initial) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > hopscotch spurn-point1532 Scotch hoppersa1672 hop-scot1789 pallall1799 hopscotch1801 hop-crease1803 Scotch hob1823 hop-score1829 pickie1884 potsy1905 a1672 F. Willughby Bk. of Games (2003) 174 Scotch Hopper... They play with a peice of tile or a little flat peice of lead, upon a boarded floore, or anie area divided into oblong figures like boards. 1677 W. Winstanley Poor Robin To Rdr. sig. A2 The time when School-boys should play at Scotch-hoppers. 1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. 79 Dancing and Scotch-hoppers would be the same thing to them, were the Encouragements and Discouragements equal. 1727 J. Hutchinson Moses's Principia: Pt. II 259 A dancing or hopping upon one Foot, called..Fox, to thy Hole, or Scotch Hoppers. 1865 Fortn. Rev. 2 306 Such amusements as Scotch-hoppers, leap-frog, marbles, [etc.]..were familiar to all classes. 2008 Fodor's Philadelphia & Pennsylvania Dutch Country 30/1 At Harmony Lane..there's a Colonial street scene, with games such as hoops and scotch hoppers (known today as hopscotch). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). scotchn.² Brit. /skɒtʃ/, U.S. /skɑtʃ/ Forms: 1600s skatch, 1600s 1800s– scotch, 1800s skotch. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain; apparently related to scotch v.², although the nature and direction of any relationship is unclear. It seems likely that sense 1b was the original sense, although compare also the wider range of early senses shown by scotch v.²; with this sense compare also slightly later scote v. and later scote n.³ Perhaps compare also earlier scatch n.¹ 1. a. Something that serves to prevent or impede the progress or accomplishment of proceedings, a plan, etc.; an obstacle, an obstruction. Esp. in to put a scotch on and variants. to put a scotch on (also under) a person's wheel: to hinder or restrain a person.In later use a figurative use of sense 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 1601 W. Cornwallis Ess. II. xlvi. sig. Ii2^v It is time, so soone as our breathing hath set a scotch vpon Time. 1855 G. D. Ruffini Dr. Antonio x. 178 The Baronet, who did not like so many scotches put to his plans. 1868 Accrington Times 29 Aug. in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) V. (at cited word) Send us two up to th' parlyment un wae'll put scotch to th' progress o' o th' Radical movements. 1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at Cant) If 'e dunna mind 'is owd rabbit grins, an' let other folks alone, I'll put a scotch on 'is weel afore lung. 1893 United Service Mag. Nov. 119 The whole thing strangled correspondence, and helped to put a scotch on the wheels of international friendship and commerce. 1967 in T. Kiffmeyer Reformers to Radicals (2008) vii. 190 Pike County officials..acted..to put a scotch under the wheels of the volunteers. 1986 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 9 Oct. 1 The director wanted us to play slaves, writhing on the floor. He wanted us nude, too, but (the late) Carol Fox (former general manager) put a scotch on that. b. A piece of wood, stone, or other material (typically a wedge-shaped block) placed under a wheel or other rolling object to prevent it from moving or slipping; a chock. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [noun] > state of cessation of movement > arrest of motion > that which arrests stay?1523 scotch1639 to put a stopper on1828 stop-piece1840 backstop1851 stop-pin1869 sprag1878 arrester- 1639 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xlii. §458 Behind there is a skatch to stay the wagon in some steep descent. 1764 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 145/1 Sometimes they have pieces of small wood, or what may be called wedges, they put into the ring to keep the convoy tighter, which the waggon-men call scotches, and they lie in what they call a scotch-box. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 115 Two shod handspikes, and two scotches. 1861 J. B. Keene Pract. Gauging 40 They [sc. casks] are to be firmly fixed, by means of scotches placed underneath, in a horizontal position, bung upwards. 1897 Daily News 11 Feb. 8/5 The scotches failed, and the boiler began to back down the hill. 1923 G. Sturt Wheelwright's Shop xxiv. 180 The roller was a little cylinder of elm—about eight inches long by three inches in diameter—hanging at the back of a waggon so as to be let down as a scotch for the hind-wheel. 1991 V. Weals Last Train 69 Then he said to me, ‘Kick the scotches out.’ So Walter kicked away the rocks that were put in front of and behind both landing wheels. †2. A slotted bar which is placed under a rod or pipe in order to support it while an adjacent section is removed or attached. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1854 G. R. Burnell Swindell's Rudimentary Treat. Well-Digging (ed. 3) v. 50 The scotch, fig. 26, is used for the purpose of allowing the rods to rest on the wooden stage, or for that of unscrewing the different lengths. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Scotchadj.n.³ Brit. /skɒtʃ/, U.S. /skɑtʃ/ Forms: late Middle English Scoche, 1500s Scotche, 1500s Scotsch, 1500s– Scotch, 1600s Scoch, 1600s Scot'sh, 1600s Scotsh; Scottish pre-1700 Skotsh, pre-1700 1700s Scotsh, pre-1700 1700s– Scotch, 1700s Scotssh, 1800s– Scoatch. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: Scottish adj. Etymology: Variant (with contraction of the suffix) of Scottish adj. Compare the Germanic forms cited at Scottish adj. Compare earlier Scots adj.The three adjectives Scotch , Scottish , Scots , are all still current, but differ in usage. Up to the middle of the 16th cent. the usual form in most of England was Scottish ; whereas in the north of England and in Scotland the usual form was Scottis (compare α. forms at Scots adj. and n.), subsequently contracted to Scots (compare β. forms at Scots adj. and n.). The southern form Scottish begins to appear in Scottish sources in the mid 16th cent., earliest in senses relating to the language (compare Scottish adj. 4 and Scottish n. 3). From about the same time forms of the Scottis type also occur more regularly in sources from England (compare e.g. quots. a1505 at Scotsman n. 1 and 1573 at Scots-Irish n. 1), although there is an apparently isolated Middle English example from London, in an Anglo-Norman context (see quot. 1346 at Scots adj. 1a). The contraction of Scottis to Scots first appears in the second half of the 16th cent., almost simultaneously in Scotland (compare quot. ?c1568 at Scots adj. 1a) and England (compare quot. 1573 at Scots-Irish n. 1). The contraction of Scottish to Scotch is first recorded in late Middle English in the compound Scotchman n. (see quot. 1407 at sense A. 1a), but then not until the second half of the 16th cent. (see quot. 1563 at sense A. 1a). From that time until the mid 19th cent. Scotch supersedes Scottish as the prevailing form (in all registers) in England (with the latter remaining available as a less common and markedly formal synonym). Scotch first appears in Scotland in the late 16th cent. (earliest in the form Skotsh), becoming more common in the following cent. Until the mid 18th cent. Scots and Scottish were preferred in literary use in Scotland, but by the end of the 18th cent. (partly reflecting the vogue for anglicization) Scotch had also become accepted in literary use, and is frequently used e.g. by Burns and Scott. In the 19th cent. Scotch even occurs in official language in Scotland (reflecting usage in London), e.g. in the name of the ‘Scotch Education Department’ (1872, renamed the ‘Scottish Education Department’ in 1918). Uncertainty among the educated classes in Scotland concerning the relative ‘correctness’ of the three competing terms may be noted as early as the late 18th cent., and by the mid 19th cent. there is a growing tendency among educated speakers to favour the more formal Scottish or (less frequently) the more traditional Scots over what was perceived as the more vulgar Scotch . By the beginning of the 20th cent. disapproval of Scotch by educated Scots was so great that its use had become something of a shibboleth (much to the bafflement of speakers outside Scotland for whom this was the usual word). During the 20th cent. educated usage in England gradually began to adapt in deference to the perceived Scottish preferences. Paradoxically, for working-class Scots (as indeed for all speakers of Scots, as opposed to Scottish standard English) Scotch has remained in common use. In current British standard usage (following educated Scottish usage) Scottish is now the preferred adjective, especially in applications relating to the nation or the country at large or its institutions or characteristics, with Scotch retained chiefly as a relic form in certain fixed collocations (e.g. Scotch whisky n. and Scotch broth n. at Compounds 2; compare also quot. 2003 below). Nevertheless, many speakers in England still adhere to the older usage, and for speakers of English outside Britain Scotch continues to be used more generally (although awareness of recent changes in British standard usage is increasing). Scots is also in use as adjective (more commonly in Scotland), but chiefly in specific contexts, most prominently with reference to the Scots language (compare Scots adj. 3, Scots n. 1) and to Scots law (compare Scots adj. 4). It is also in historical use designating (now disused) monetary units (compare Scots adj. 1b) and measurement (compare Scots adj. and n. Compounds 2) and the ancient inhabitants of Scotland as distinct from the modern Scottish people (compare Scots adj. 2), and is also common in the names of regiments (compare e.g. Scots Guard n. 2 and Scots adj. 6b; compare note at sense A. 1b). Scottish is rarely used as a noun and only with reference either to the people or to varieties of the English language (compare Scottish n.); Scots is only used as a noun with reference to language, where it is now the usual word (compare Scots n.); Scotch is used as a noun in a number of senses reflecting shortening of earlier collocations (compare sense B. 3). As a collective noun denoting the inhabitants of Scotland (compare sense B. 1), the preferred word is now Scots , plural of Scot n.¹ 2 (compare also Scotsman n., Scotswoman n.). For examples of (comment on) the use of Scotch (variously as adjective and noun) in recent centuries compare the following:1782 J. Sinclair Observ. Sc. Dial. 4 The Scotch language is acknowledged to be a dialect of the Saxon or Old English... The Scotch [erratum: Scots] having retained many words and phrases which have fallen into disuse among the English.1794 J. Ritson Sc. Songs I. Pref. p. i The word Scottish is an improper orthography of Scotish; Scotch is still more corrupt, and Scots (as an adjective) a national barbarism.1802 W. Scott Lett. (1932) I. 157 Scotch must be spelld Scots to keep up the orthography of the antique age.1807 T. E. Ritchie Life of D. Hume 355 Scotch, which he used indiscriminately for the substantive Scots, and the adjective Scottish, is discarded.1858 Glasgow Herald 9 Oct. The word ‘Scotch’ is a horrid vulgarism, and as barbarous as vulgar.1902 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) 23 Aug. 7 Why is it that a Scotchman is so often ashamed of being called a Scotchman? He must be a Scot, or a Scotsman, or a North Briton, or a Caledonian, or a ‘brither Scot’, or anything, forsooth, except what he really is—a Scotchman!1910 N.E.D. at Scotchman The prevalent form used by Scotch people was Scotsman n.1936 Eng. Stud. 18 335 An Englishman has just returned from a holiday in Scotland... ‘I got into hot water several times through my ignorance of Scotch, Scottish, or Scot desires,’ he confesses, ‘and when I referred to a Scotchman, a Scotsman, or a Scot, I did so in fear and trembling lest I should use the wrong term’.1943 Sun (Baltimore) 25 June 12/7 My father came from Invernesshire and certainly never restricted the use of Scotch to the whiskey. It is only in recent years that certain Anglo-American friends have made me feel guilty of committing a particularly bourgeois faux pas by using the word. We always looked on Scottish as rather affected, overly poetic.1947 ‘G. Orwell’ in Daily Herald 27 Feb. 2/3 If a Scotsman objects to being called a Scotchman,..it is only the most ordinary politeness to do what is asked of one.1957 M. West & P. F. Kimber Deskbk. Correct Eng. 151 As a useful general rule use Scots and Scottish for people, but Scotch for things.1976 Times 11 May 15/3 Professor Trevor Roper..tries to irritate and provoke by using the word ‘Scotch’ knowing well that many decent Scots..have come to regard this as a demeaning adjective.1984 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 16 Dec. In North America, the descendants of the early migrants from Scotland generally haven't objected to Scotch, being farther removed from the English. So Scotch remains in use here, in practically all contexts, with no offense given or taken.1993 in Sc. National Dict. New Suppl. (Electronic text) at Scots [Aberdeenshire] We jist say Scotch. I regard Doric as literary too.2000 J. Robertson Fanatic 111 He [sc. Walter Scott] was a toff but a Scotch yin at least. He could speak Scotch wi the best o them.2003 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 20 June 26 Sales of Scottish red meat are set to increase by at least £45m as many of the UK's leading supermarkets are persuaded to put more Scotch beef, lamb and pork on their shelves.2005 Tully Castle Guide Card (Northern Ireland Environment Agency) Eftèr tha Flittin o tha Yarls in 1607, the croon tuk owre tha lanns o Gaelick chiefs in Ulstèr an made oot grants o big bits o it tae Inglish an Scotch ‘plantèrs’. With use as adjective referring to a Scottish system of weights and measures (sense A. 1c) compare slightly earlier Scots adj. 1c. As regards the related phrases ( Compounds 3), the equivalent constructions with Scots are consistently earlier (compare Scots adj. and n. Compounds 2) and are also now more common. There are no regular equivalent uses of Scottish . With use as noun referring to whisky (sense B. 3c) compare earlier Irish n. 3c and Scotch whisky n. at Compounds 2. A. adj. 1. a. Of or belonging to Scotland or its inhabitants; = Scottish adj. 2.Recorded earliest in Scotchman n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > Scotland > [adjective] ScottisheOE Scots1346 Scotch1407 Albanian1565 Scotian1607 Caledonian1656 Albanic1789 tartan1954 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Scots nation > [adjective] > relating to Scotch1407 1407 in T. Rymer Fœdera (1709) VIII. 481 (MED) Adam Belle, Scocheman (alias dictus Armiger), Serviens ipsius Comitis. 1563 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) xxxviii. 400 The advancement of the Scotch Title to succede to the English Crown. 1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. ii. xv. 61 Fergus out of Ireland did the Chaire of Marble bring: In which, instal'd the first Scotch King in Albion. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 68 The first suite is hot and hasty like a Scotch ijgge (and ful as fantasticall). View more context for this quotation 1701 W. Kennett Cowell's Interpreter (new ed.) Acre, an old sort of Duel fought by single Combatants, English and Scotch, between the Frontiers of their Kingdom, with Sword and Lance. 1733 S.-Carolina Gaz. 7 Apr. 4/3 (advt.) To be sold..cut Tobacco, Scotch Snuff, and Pigtail. 1785 M. Lonsdale Spanish Rivals (new ed.) 7 I have stuck to my master like a Scotch plaid, in all weathers. 1820 Trials for High Treason Scot. (1825) I. 93 We are here to deal with Scotch law in a Scottish court. 1854 C. Norton Eng. Laws for Women in 19th Cent. 143 A Scotch lady in Scotland can divorce her husband a vinculo, so as to marry again. 1893 T. Hardy Let. 6 Oct. in One Rare Fair Woman (1972) 28 Lady J[eune]..played and sang at least a dozen Scotch ballads to me. 1928 Sunday Disp. 8 July 22/7 A considerable time has passed since a Scotch boxer received such a good Press in the South. 1965 V. Canning Whip Hand xii. 143 We had..Scotch salmon with a cucumber salad. 2005 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 14 Aug. 20/1 One wanders around in a dwam, assailed by artistes who are drawn in August to the trauchled Scotch capital like pigs to swill. b. Military. Originally: = Scots adj. 6a. Later: = Scots adj. 6b. Now chiefly historical.Since the early 19th cent. the official names of the various British Army regiments composed of Scottish soldiers have used Scots or Scottish; except in historical use Scotch is now a less formal designation. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > band of mercenaries > [noun] > specific Scots Brigadec1600 Scottish Guard1629 Scottish1632 Scotch1637 Scots Dutch1893 1637 H. Hexham True & Briefe Relation Famous Seige of Breda 15 Sir Iames Sandalien, Coronell of a Scotch Regiment, commanding then in Count Williams approches. 1690 tr. G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. xx. 277 (margin) A Scotch Troop from Denmark, comes to help the Royalists. 1752 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. III. 223 The captainship of the Scotch Guards. 1756 Act 29 Geo. II c. 17 §5 The Corps in the Service of..the United Provinces, distinguished by the Name of The Scotch Brigade. 1816 J. Scott Paris Revisited vi. 140 At this moment the Scotch Greys poured in upon the enemy as a flood. 1853 Bizarre 5 Nov. 73/1 British forces in America, in 1761... 2d Battalion of 1 (or Royal Scotch Regiment) of foot. 1895 Jrnl. Ex-Libris Soc. 4 76/2 The French Kings always had a regiment of Scotch Guards as a corps d' elite in their army. 1915 C. Moore Hist. Michigan IV. 2054 He having been a member of the infantry regiment known as the Forty-second Scotch Greys. 2004 Linlithgow Today (Nexis) 2 July The colours, originally awarded to the Scotch Brigade in 1795, were carried throughout the Brigade's Indian service. c. Designating weights and measures formerly used in Scotland. Now historical. See also Compounds 3, and cf. Scots adj. 1c.The units of the Scottish system were standardized from 1661 onwards, although local variation still remained after this date. An Act of Parliament in 1824 imposed the English equivalents of these units. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > [adjective] > serving as a unit of measurement > standard (of units) > specific standard Scots1632 Scotch1638 Rhineland1646 metrical1797 imperial1814 international1857 metric1862 1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce cclxvi. 225 60 Ells hath made here 72 Scotch Ells. 1740 A. Wright Treat. Pract. Arithm. 19 The Scotch Foot is to the English as 186 to 185. 1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 718/1 The Scotch quart contains 210 inches. 1846 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 9 357/2 You obtain the area in terms of Scotch falls. 1876 Agriculturist's Calculator xli. 550 Of the standard bricks about 4500 are required for an English rod, and 5400 for a Scotch rood. 1909 C. D. Wright New Cent. Bk. Facts 462/1 The Scotch inch was a little longer than the English. 1992 Times (Nexis) 22 Feb. French ells were a yard and a half (54in), English ells 45in, Scotch ells 37in whilst Flemish ells were a paltry three quarters of a yard (27in). d. Designating currency or monetary units formerly used in Scotland; = Scots adj. 1b. Now historical.Also as postmodifier. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > [adjective] > Scottish Scots1520 Scotch1638 1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce cclxvi. 224 20 d. sterl. is 1½ Mark Scotch or 1 pound Scotch of 20 shill. 1669 E. Chamberlayne Present State Eng. iii. viii. 261 Note that thirteen pence half penny Sterling, is accounted a Scotch Mark, or thirteen Shillings four pence Scotch. 1712 Mus. Thoresby (1713) 389 The Proportion betwixt the English and Scotch Pennies, Shillings and Pounds, was then (10 Eliz.) just as one to six, but before he [sc. James I] came into England, it was just doubled. 1724 J. Swift Some Observ. Wood's Half-pence 17 We have many Sorts of small Silver Coyns,..such as..the Scotch Five-pences and Ten-pences. 1770 W. Guthrie New Geogr. Gram. 85 Two Scotch pennies, amounting in the whole to two thirds of a farthing. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. vi. 115 At the rate of twelve shillings (Scotch) per diem. 1869 C. Clay Currency Isle of Man 19 The Scotch mark was, from earliest times, valued at 13¹/ ₂d., and weighed 4dwts. 8grs. in silver; and the Scotch noble or halfmark was valued at 6³/ ₄d. 1895 J. Mackintosh Hist. Civilization in Scotl. (new ed.) III. xxix. 327 In 1707, arrangements were made for changing the Scotch coinage into English. 1908 R. M. Garnier Ann. Brit. Peasantry xi. 170 The wages of labourers were all equal, consisting of about twelve pounds Scotch yearly. 2006 C. Frazier Thirteen Moons ii. ii. 50 There were..Dutch dog dollars, Scotch marks, Portuguese half joes, Peruvian crossdollars, and even one old smooth-worn bezant. e. Typography (originally and chiefly U.S.). Designating any of a number of typefaces based on those used by the Scottish type founders of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, originally as developed by printers in the United States. See also Scotch-cut adj. at Compounds 2.The original ‘Scotch face’ imported to the United States was one sent from an Edinburgh foundry in 1837 to the printing firm of S. N. Dickinson in Boston, Massachusetts. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > style of type > [adjective] > others modern1764 script1782 Caxtonian1811 Porsonian1813 antique type?1817 Aldine1837 Scotch1847 old-face1859 Times1860 old-faced1863 Fell type1883 Fournier1902 monotype1910 Goudy1933 monoline1962 slab serif1970 monospaced1972 1847 S. N. Dickinson Hand-bk. Specimen Printing Type Pref. Our Scotch Faces were selected from the very extensive Foundry of Alexander Wilson and Sons of Edinburgh and also from an eminent letter cutter of that city. 1853 in Ann. Rep. Amer. Bible Soc. (1861) III. 354 A Nonpareil Bible, 12mo., from Scotch type, a broad full-faced letter. 1899 T. L. De Vinne Pract. Typogr. vi. 214 The condensed form of Scotch-face is now out of fashion, for its long serifs and short hair-lines and its feminine delicacy of cut are not pleasing. 1922 D. B. Updike Printing Types II. xx. 193 As produced by Wilson it is a very handsome and serviceable letter, and in it we have another English type-family—the Scotch modern face. 1951 S. Jennett Making of Bks. xiv. 248 Bodoni is an excellent letter, but capable of great degeneration, and in Scotch Roman we see the degeneration commencing. 1992 A. Haley Typogr. Milestones 87/1 One of the challenges to himself in this design program was to create an updated version of the Scotch type style popular at the end of the nineteenth century. 2. Characteristic of Scotland or its people; having characteristics or qualities attributed to people or things from Scotland. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Scots nation > [adjective] ScottisheOE Scots1346 Scotical1548 Scotch1609 North British1712 the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > Scotland > [adjective] > characteristic of Scotch1609 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Scots nation > [adjective] > characteristic of Scottish1532 Scotsc1572 Scotch1609 Scottified1644 Scotchified1701 Scotchy1815 scotty1892 1609 T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. vii. 32 You had bestowed forty shillings on an embrodered Felt and Feather, (scotch-fashion) for your mistres in the Court. 1684 T. D'Urfey Malecontent xi. 15 His spleenfull Nature..Would fain have taught us to agree To his Scotch way of Loyalty. 1721 E. Ward Merry Travellers: Pt. I 24 Some of a Scotch Complexion were, With freckly Cheeks and yellow Hair. 1786 J. Pinkerton Treasury of Wit I. p. xxxv There is, indeed, one species of wit which we call Scotch wit; and which I have observed to be almost peculiar to them. 1815 R. Bell Conveyance of Land Introd. 8 The statute acting (agreeably to Scotch ideas) as a charter of confirmation in favour of every subsequent purchaser. 1855 Knickerbocker Nov. 481 It was my ideal of genuine old English courtesy and Scotch hospitality. 1887 D. Hannay Life Smollett vii. 156 His family pride too is very Scotch. 1932 Amer. Speech 7 403 If you weren't so Scotch [i.e.: parsimonious] we could have a good time here. 1974 H. Zanstra in R. S. Cohen For Dirk Struik 489 The Scotsman, faithful to the Scotch character, was extremely careful. 2002 N.Y. Times 22 Sept. xiv. 12/3 Scotch-style salmon? ‘That's a New York invention.’ 3. Designating plants and animals native to, originating in, or associated with Scotland. Cf. Scottish adj. 6, Scots adj. 7.See also Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [adjective] > plants or animals of a particular region > from specified region EnglisheOE Arabian1580 Scotch1610 West Indian1625 Scots1728 Creole1758 Californian1785 Nubian1790 Lusitanian1907 pantropical1913 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. iv. 8 So wee haue the Ripon Colt, Northerne Bilder, Scotch & Welch Nags, Irish Hobbie, Spanish Iennet. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Scotch-hobby, a little sorry, scrubbed, low Horse of that Country. 1726 D. Eaton Let. 31 Dec. (1971) 87 I think the Scotch cattell were dearer than if they had been bought in our country [i.e. district]. 1795 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk (ed. 2) II. 381 Highlanders, Scotch cattle of the Highland breed. 1832 J. Rennie Conspectus Butterflies & Moths Brit. 13 The Scotch Ringlet (Hipparchia Blandina, Leach) appears in August. 1874 Garden 5 Sept. 229/2 The Scotch Yew, Portugal Laurel, Holly, and the deciduous shrubs should be used as nurses for the trees. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 515/2 The chief breeds of coursing greyhounds now in vogue are the Newmarket, the Lancashire, and the Scotch. 1887 Field 18 June 845/3 Some people at Felling-on-Tyne..were taken in by buying skinned cats for ‘Scotch hares’. 1907 A. M. Kirby Daffodils, Narcissus, & how to grow Them 201 This double form of the wild Scotch daffodil, N. Scoticus, is..a very showy variety with white and yellow petals interspersed. 1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. iii. 73 The bluey is a type of cattle dog: originally a cross of the smooth-haired Scotch sheep dog and the dingo. 1955 E. B. Ford Moths xi. 153 The Scotch Annulet, Gnophos obfuscaria Schiff.,..is a species of extensive distribution but only in the north. 1980 A. Bell Sydney Smith 117 Scotch sheep provided material for Sydney's only contribution to agricultural literature. 1995 Denver Post 16 Jan. c5/3 American Highland cattle come from Scotch Highland cattle, one of the world's oldest known breeds. 4. Designating the variety of English spoken in (esp. lowland) Scotland; written or spoken in, or belonging to this variety; = Scots adj. 3. Cf. Scottish adj. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Celtic > Scottish Erse1425 Irish1554 Scotch1633 Scots-Irish1652 Scotic1707 Scotch Gaelic1776 Scottish Gaelic1801 Scots Gaelic1820 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > of varieties of English > Scottish English Scots1533 Scottish1559 Scotch1633 Scotic1647 Lowland Scots1724 lowland1752 Lallan1786 1633 W. Ames Fresh Suit against Human Ceremonies Pref. sig. d4^v/1 It savoureth of a spirit of rancor, as doth the like Foule speech, in the Scotch Dialogue. 1677 S. Speed Prison-pietie 188 Dram, in the scotch phrase. 1723 B. Bennet Def. Memorial Reformation 133 There are some few Scotch words, but more English. 1790 T. Wilkinson Mem. Own Life IV. 29 In the Scotch dialect I was very happy,..having resided two winters in Scotland. 1801 W. Beattie (title) Fruits of time parings: being a small collection of original poems: Scotch and English. 1829 W. Scott Rob Roy (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xc To secure the adherence of stout, able-bodied, and, as the Scotch phrase then went, pretty men. 1866 P. Mackenzie Reminisc. Glasgow & West of Scotl. II. xiv. 81 Mr. Daly could read Scotch writings tolerably well. 1935 Bull. & Scots Pict. 19 Jan. 9 The Scotch word ‘querne’ [read queme] may interest readers... It means ‘to smooth out’. I think it belongs to Lanarkshire. 1963 W. J. Bate John Keats xiv. 355 Brown wanted to fool him by getting Keats to compose a ballad in Scotch dialect that Dilke would think was genuine. 1990 in J. Faley Up oor Close ii. 41 Away back, every family had what they called a ‘kist’. Now, that's an old Scotch word for a chest. 5. colloquial and English regional. Designating a pedlar or itinerant trader (esp. a draper), esp. one who sells on credit. Cf. Scotchman n. 2. Now historical.Quot. 1641 may simply be an example of sense A. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [adjective] > pedlar pedlary1551 pedlarly1617 Scotch1641 1641 Old Newes newly Revived sig. A2^v What he that gave the King a hundred horse against the Scotch Pedlers? is he fled for Religion too? 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Pedler One that sells small Wares about the Streets; a Hawker; a Scotch or wand'ring Merchant. 1773 R. Graves Spiritual Quixote II. xxii. 273 That so handsome a young man should have taken so odd a turn, and travel about the country like a Scotch pedlar. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. ix. 184 [He] spoke of Jarvie as a petulant, conceited Scotch pedlar, with whom there was no doing business. 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Manadge-man, an itinerant vendor of goods on credit for household requirements. Sometimes called in Newcastle a ‘Scotch draper’. 1901 ‘G. Douglas’ House with Green Shutters 98 Sandy..had been a Scotch Cuddy in the Midlands. 1954 Times 23 Sept. 7/6 The host of tallymen, or Scotch drapers, who are busy in working-class districts. 1994 J. Benson Rise Consumer Society iii. ix. 211 Working-class shoppers knew too that they would have credit pressed upon them by the travelling salesmen (known as ‘talleymen’ or ‘Scotch drapers’) who for many years came round door-to-door selling clothing and similar items. B. n.³ 1. a. With plural agreement, and chiefly with the. Scottish people, soldiers, etc., considered collectively; the Scots. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > British nation > Scots nation > [noun] Scotledec1275 Scot-thedec1275 Scottisha1350 Scotryc1475 Scotch1603 1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars iv. xvii. 82 Three thousand souldiers, mustred men in pay, Of French, Scotch, Almaine, Swiser, and the Dutch. 1696 tr. J. Abbadie Hist. Conspiracy against King 30 To oblige the Scotch to support his falling Interest, he assur'd 'em, That they and their Posterity shou'd see the Effect of the Promises which he had so often made 'em. 1743 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 16 Sept. (1966) II. 310 Several Scotch pass here often. 1775 London Mag. May 222/1 His conduct at the bar, towards the Scotch, was illiberal and vindictive. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. iv. 79 The Scotch of the period were guilty of similar injustice to the English. 1861 C. H. Pearson Early & Middle Ages Eng. xxviii. 337 Meanwhile, the Scotch were divided by a quarrel as to who should lead the van. 1903 P. W. Joyce Social Hist. Anc. Ireland I. iv. 117 The Scotch have retained this name to the present day in the form of ‘claymore’, which nearly represents the proper sound. 1936 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 44 233 The Scotch or ‘North Britons’..were more frequently skilled and industrious workmen. 1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Jan. 107/2 Since then I have had the greatest admiration for the education offered to, or seized by, the Scotch—Miss Murray's word and her grandfather's. 1994 R. Davies Cunning Man 403 ‘If she was come to hate her life you must let her go her way’. ‘Dree her weird, as the Scotch say’. b. Scotch and English n. (also English and Scotch) now rare (esp. in the English-Scottish borderland) = French and English n. at French n. 1b.Quot. 1646 (the title of a pamphlet discussing the attempt of King Charles I to forge an alliance with Scotland against the English Parliament) may imply much earlier currency. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > prisoner's base barsc1400 base1440 barley-break1557 prison base1598 prison bar1602 stroke-bias1700 prisoners' bars1794 Scotch and English1802 prisoners' base1830 chevy1883 Molly Bright1883 1646 J. Lilburne (title) An vnhappy game at Scotch and English.] 1802 W. Hutton Hist. Rom. Wall 105 The children of this day, upon the English border keep up the remembrance [of former scenes] by a common play, called Scotch and English, or, The Raid (inroad). 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. English and Scotch, a common game among young people. 1869 M. Somerville Personal Recoll. (1872) i. 22 In our play-hours [at school in 1790] we amused ourselves..at ‘Scotch and English’, a game which represented a raid on the debatable land, or Border between Scotland and England, in which each party tried to rob the other of their playthings. 1908 F. Elston More Organized Games 125 Scotch and English. (For Boys). 2. A variety of English spoken in (esp. lowland) Scotland; = Scots n. 1. Cf. sense A. 4.See note at Scots n. 1.In quot. 1612: (probably) Scots Gaelic. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Celtic > Goidelic > Scottish ScottisheOE Scotsa1500 Irish1508 Erse?a1513 Scotch1612 Gaelic1652 Scots Gaelic1753 Scotch Gaelic1763 Scottish Gaelic1800 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > British English > Scottish English Scots1494 Scotch1612 Lallan1786 Lowland Scots1792 lowland1822 Kelvinside1903 1612 T. Heywood Apol. for Actors iii. sig. F3 Our English tongue, which hath ben the most harsh, vneuen, and broken language of the world, part Dutch, part Irish, Saxon, Scotch, Welsh, and indeed a gallimaffry of many. 1616 T. Coryate Traveller for Eng. Wits 55 Gizard is in Scotch a merry Mummer. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Sawny, a Fool. He's a meer sawny, he is very soft, tho' (in Scotch) it is only for Alexander. 1757 D. Hume Let. 2 July (1932) I. 254 Dr. Roebuck, who had scarce understood his rustic English, or rather his broad Scotch, immediatly comprehended him, for his Greek was admirable. 1797 N.-Y. Mag. Mar. 250/2 Unable to resist, he called them names in broad Scotch, and ordered them to desist, and be gone. 1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. iii. 49 I myself have since that time acquired Scotch in perfection, and many a Scotticism withal. 1896 J. Ashby-Sterry Tale of Thames viii I can read French as well as I can English, but it is impossible for me to comprehend Scotch. 1915 J. Wilson Lowland Sc. Lower Strathearn 17 H..is more distinctly pronounced in Scotch than in English. 1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song iii. 179 Rob was just saying what a shame it was that folk should be shamed nowadays to speak Scotch—or they called it Scots if they did, the split-tongued sourocks! 2006 B. D. Sharma Gen. Eng. for Competitive Exam. ii. 127 Burns therefore, wrote in Scotch..because it was the language of the writing he most wished to imitate. 3. †a. Scotch snuff. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > snuff > [noun] > types of high-dried1681 Spanish1681 roderigo1692 bergamot1701 musty1709 myrtle1715 Portuguesea1721 rappee?1726 Scotch1739 macoubac1740 blackguard1782 Irish1806 Lundyfoot1811 prince's mixture1813 cephalic1828 taddy1869 1739 Gentleman's Mag. June 321/1 What stubborn humours e'en plain Scotch can quell. a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) iii. ii. 76 I have a box of Scotch in my pocket. 1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 100 The finely levigated snuff, known as ‘Scotch’. 1891 S. M. Welch Home Hist. 183 It was not uncommon to see a couple of portly old gentlemen meeting on the street offering their boxes of Maccaboy, Rappee or Scotch, each to the other. b. British slang. Short for Scotch peg n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > [noun] shanka900 legc1300 grainsa1400 limbc1400 foot?a1425 stumpa1500 pin?1515 pestlea1529 boughc1550 stamp1567 understander1583 pile1584 supporters1601 walker?1611 trestle1612 fetlock1645 pedestal1695 drumstick1770 gam1785 timber1807 tram1808–18 fork1812 prop1817 nethers1822 forkals1828 understanding1828 stick1830 nether person1835 locomotive1836 nether man1846 underpinning1848 bender1849 Scotch peg1857 Scotch1859 under-pinner1859 stem1860 Coryate's compasses1864 peg1891 wheel1927 shaft1935 1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 87 Scotches, the legs. 1962 R. Cook Crust on its Uppers ii. 30 Wearing my head in its proper place and not between my scotches like a sporran. 1979 R. Barker in K. Allan & K. Burridge Forbidden Words 74/1 Her scotches, long and slender Reached to her kingdom come. 1993 J. Meades Pompey (1994) 260 The space vacated by his legs, his scotches—though that was a synonym he was necessarily shy of. c. Short for Scotch whisky n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > whisky > [noun] > a drink of smile1839 ball1866 Scotch1883 a drop of the Auld Kirk1884 the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > whisky > [noun] > Scotch whisky Scotch whisky1793 mountain dew1816 Scotch1883 1883 Judy 20 June 298/2 (caption) The way he would clutch the change out of a Scotch and soda was a caution. 1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life II. 124 Over a drop of Scotch and a cigar discuss the leading topics of the day. 1921 W. A. Fraser Red Meekins i. 26 If I had about seven Scotches in me, Felix, there'd be a bad, smashed-up breed lyin' round here in a holy minute. 1976 Observer 1 Feb. (Colour Suppl.) 9/3 All Scotches are blended spirits: a mix of malt and grain whiskies. 2005 J. Weiner Goodnight Nobody xiv. 126 He smelled like he'd been marinating in Scotch, and he looked utterly miserable. d. British (now chiefly Newcastle). Short for Scotch ale n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > ale > [noun] > other ales strawberry ale1523 red ale1557 sixteens1584 bottle ale1586 hostler ale1590 Pimlico1609 eyebright1612 quest-ale1681 hugmatee1699 Newcastle brown (ale)1707 pale ale1708 twopenny ale (or beer)1710 twoops1729 flux ale1742 pale1743 Ringwood1759 brown ale1776 light ale1780 blue cap1789 brown1820 India pale ale1837 Tipper1843 ostler ale1861 fourpenny ale1871 four-ale1883 ninepenny1886 Scotch1886 barley wine1940 IPA1953 light1953 real ale1972 1886 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Curiosities Ale & Beer vii. 156 There is old Scotch or old Burton for the lover of strong beer, porter for the labouring classes, [etc.]. 1962 S. Chaplin Watchers & Watched x. 199 The beer was as bitter as bile... ‘Is there anythin' wrong?’ ‘Your Scotch doesn't taste too well.’ 1977 Listener 3 Mar. 275/1 You could order ‘a pint of Scotch’—Scotch Ale, because it is the cheapest beer, is still the majority drink on Tyneside. 2002 Jrnl. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 24 May 28 A couple come in, sit side by side for an hour and consume a pint of Scotch and a bitter lemon. e. Typography. A Scotch typeface. Cf. sense A. 1e. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > style of type > [noun] > type face or font > distinguished by type of serif Ionic1841 Scotch1906 square serif1940 1906 Linotype Bull. Oct.–Dec. 6/2 (heading) 8-Point Scotch. 1945 O. Simon Introd. Typogr. iii. 12 The roman lower-case letters of Scotch and Baskerville..are wide and generous. 1966 H. Williamson Methods Bk. Design (ed. 2) viii. 99 The first Scotch to be cut for machine composition was produced by the Merganthaler Linotype Co. in 1902. 1990 A. S. Lawson Anat. Typeface xx. 238 Caslon and the nineteenth-century Scotch were the only other faces in this category [sc. ‘types of obligation’]. Compounds C1. With participial adjectives. Scotch-born adj. ΚΠ 1780 I. Sancho Let. 9 Sept. (1782) II. 207 Was not Lord N—— an Irish title? true, but the chield is Scotch born. 1873 J. E. Rankin Auld Sc. Mither 94 A Scotch-born bonnie lass. 1919 M. M. Gowdy Family Hist. Surnames Gade & Variant Forms 15 They were pure-blooded, Scotch-born people who had emigrated to Ulster. 2008 Sudbury (Ont.) Star (Nexis) 22 May c1 An invention of Scotch-born Sir Stanford Fleming. Scotch-bred adj. ΚΠ 1779 D. MacNicol Remarks Johnson's Journey to Hebrides 127 He had found the bulk of our Scotch-bred ladies deficient in point of accomplishments. 1862 Ohio Cultivator June 180/1 Scotch judges, who awarded all the premiums to the Scotch-bred sheep. 1900 W. Housman Cattle iii. 117 The Scotch-bred Ayrshires..will usually respond to better keep by yielding more and richer milk. 2000 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 26 Feb. r4 RRSPs are not an investment, but a way of life. Indeed, for fretful, Scotch-bred souls like me, they are a religion. Scotch-built adj. ΚΠ 1660 Act 12 Chas. II c. 18 Fish caught saved and cured by the People of Scotland, and Imported directly from Scotland in Scotch built Ships. 1799 J. Bruce Rep. Events & Circumstances Union Kingdoms Eng. & Scotl. 203 They must either be Scotch built ships, or English built ships, bought by Scotch-men. 1898 Locomotive Engin. Apr. 195/1 Scotch-built American locomotives. 1978 Clogher Rec. 9 370 The difference in constructional techniques between the Scotch-built Watergate at Enniskillen and the Irish-built Tully castle is so marked. 2003 D. Poyer Country of our Own (2005) 253 A Scotch-built paddle wheeler. Scotch-made adj. ΚΠ 1786 Resol. Landed Interest Scotl. respecting Distillery 86 A vessel had carried Scotch made bottles from Leith to Newcastle. 1839 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage, Farm, & Villa Archit. & Furnit. (new ed.) 533 All [doors] to have strong Scotch-made thumb snecks, with folding handles. 1914 Country Life in Amer. Oct. 24/3 (advt.) Scotch-made golf shoes. 2001 Post & Courier (Charleston, S. Carolina) (Nexis) 28 Mar. d3 This year the distillery expects to sell 6.3 million cases of whiskey, making Jack Daniel's the biggest-selling American-made whiskey in the world (a Scotch-made brand is No. 1). C2. Scotch ale n. (originally) ale brewed in Scotland; (later) spec. any of various strong pale ales of a type believed to have originated in Edinburgh in the 18th cent., often but not always brewed in Scotland. ΚΠ 1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage sig. C4 The hills with Sheepe repleate, with Corne the dale, And many a cottage yeelded good Scotch Ale. 1753 A. Henderson Hist. Rebellion (ed. 5) vi. 256 Each Soldier had a Pound of Beef, a Pound of Bread, a Glass, equal to two Thirds of a Quatern, full of good Spirits, and a Quart of Scotch ale. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xviii. 170 He..treats Mrs. Perch to a veal cutlet and Scotch ale. 1922 E. B. Osborn Lit. & Life (1968) viii. 51/1 Scotch Ale (the best varieties are to be obtained in the North of England) in glasses. 2007 D. Hoverson Land of Amber Waters viii. 314/2 Mike Hoops and his staff typically have five beers available, including an award-winning Scotch Ale. † Scotch bait n. Obsolete rare a short rest while travelling; cf. bait n.¹ 4, Welsh bait n. at Welsh adj. and n. Compounds 1d, Scottish-bait n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 3.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΚΠ 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Scotch bait, a halt and a resting on a stick, as practised by pedlars. Scotch barley broth n. = Scotch broth n. ΚΠ 1732 C. Carter Compl. City & Country Cook 9 (heading) Scotch Barley Broth. 1840 London Tee-total Mag. Oct. 325/2 Sheep's-head broth only differs from Scotch barley broth by the addition of a singed sheep's-head. 1910 F. M. J. Bruce in C. G. Bruce 20 Years in Himalaya xi. 289 A dinner of Scotch barley broth, in sufficient quantity, makes a capital night-cap. 1994 Hamilton (Ont.) Spectator (Nexis) 16 Nov. d7 With winter coming on, I am beginning to think soup... I've never tried making Scotch barley broth and hope you can provide a recipe. Scotch Baronial adj. and n. (also with lower-case initial in the second element) Architecture = Scottish Baronial adj. and n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > style of architecture > [adjective] > other styles florida1706 massive1723 rounded1757 round-arched1782 castellar1789 baronial1807 rational1813 English colonial1817 massy1817 transitional1817 Scottish Baronial1829 rococo1830 flamboyant1832 Scotch Baronial1833 Churrigueresque1845 Russo-Byzantine1845 soaring1849 trenchant1849 vernacular1857 Scots Baronial1864 baroque1867 Perp.1867 rayonnant1873 Dutch colonial1876 Neo-Grec1878 rococoesque1885 Richardsonian1887 federal1894 organic1896 confectionery1897 European-style1907 postmodern1916 Lutyens1921 modern1927 moderne1928 functionalist1930 Williamsburg1931 Colonial Revival1934 packing case1935 Corbusian1936 lavatorial1936 pseudish1938 Adamesque1942 rationalist1952 Miesian1956 open-planned1958 Lutyensesque1961 façade1962 Odeon1964 high-tech1979 Populuxe1986 1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. Contents p. xi A mansion in the style of a Scotch baronial house of the sixteenth century. 1854 J. Fraser Hand Bk. for Travellers in Ireland (ed. 4) 89/1 Castle-Oliver,..where a handsome mansion, in the Scotch baronial style has lately been built. 1880 J. J. Stevenson House Archit. I. xiv. 378 This revival of Scotch ‘Baronial’, which has exaggerated the peculiarities of the old national style. 1931 E. Sackville-West Simpson ii. vii. 144 Salathiel held up a glass globe, inside which was a miniature Scotch-baronial castle in china. 1996 Jrnl. Design Hist. 9 140 Adam..revolutionized the Baroque with the Baroque, creating the conditions for nineteenth-century Scotch Baronial experiments. 2001 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 27 Mar. 17 Perhaps ‘Scotch Baronial’ would have been more suitable for the new parliament's architecture. Scotch boiler n. [apparently so called because it was developed in Scotland and exported by Scottish firms] chiefly North American (now freq. historical) a steam boiler having a cylindrical shell with one or more furnaces inside the lower part of it, the hot gases produced from combustion passing through tubes in the upper part, typically used to power steamships; more fully Scotch marine boiler. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > boiler > [noun] > types of steam-boiler1805 boiler1818 generator1823 wagon-boiler1837 Cornish boiler1840 saddle boiler1840 French boiler1844 vomiting-boiler1844 water-tube boiler1850 feed-heater1864 Scotch boiler1877 cross-tubea1884 steamer1891 flash generator1903 flash steam generator1907 waste-heat boiler1930 1877 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 103 3 It should be borne in mind that this Scotch boiler gives an evaporative effect, with dry steam, scarcely equaled by any other. 1884 Mechanics 5 166/1 The Scotch marine boiler has driven its competitor, the stayed fire-box, out of marine practice, not only in England, but on the Continent and in this country [sc. the United States]. 1903 H. de B. Parsons Steam-boilers v. 97 (caption) Scotch boiler, single-ended, with common combustion-chamber. 1950 Canad. Transportation Nov. 639/2 The ship is powered by a triple expansion steam engine developing 800 i.h.p., with steam supplied by a Scotch marine boiler. 2008 Sarnia (Ontario) Observer (Nexis) 1 Mar. c5 The 106·98 metre long vessel had three triple expansion steam engines, six scotch boilers and could carry 26 rail cars on four sets of tracks. Scotch boot n. now historical an instrument of torture formerly used in Scotland, consisting of a tight-fitting iron case in which a person's leg is enclosed, iron wedges being then driven between the case and the leg; = boot n.³ 3; also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > boot boota1522 boot1580 Scotch boot1604 oiled boota1640 bootikin1727 scarpine1855 1604 J. Marston & J. Webster Malcontent (new ed.) iii. i. sig. E2^v Your Empericks could neuer do the like cure vpon the gowt the racke did in England: or your Scotch boote. 1694 J. Collier Misc. iv. 29 They..immediately..got a sort of Scotch Boot to bend their Hams in. 1738 Mod. Christian 28 Her Feet are condemned to the Scotch Boot, and her Body to the Torment of the Press. 1820 W. Scott Tales of my Landlord III. xiii. 157 An iron case, called the Scotch boot, used in these tyrannical days to torture accused persons. 1906 W. Love Parkersburg Platform 95 Publicity is the thumbscrew and the Scotch boot and the contracting walls that advance slowly, but surely. 1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 3 Aug. 7 Scotch boots were not for walking but for the opposite. They were made for laming. Scotch broth n. a traditional Scottish soup made from beef or mutton, pearl barley, and vegetables. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > [noun] > barley soup scald-lips1706 barley-broth1723 Scotch broth1735 barley-soup1747 sky blue1887 1735 W. O. tr. W. Camden Britannia I. 173 He was over stuff'd with Scotch broth and brewess. 1834 T. Hood Tylney Hall I. xv. 175 We shall have an ounce of mutton swimming in a tureen of barley-water—I've heard of their Scotch broths. 1904 D. C. Peel Single Handed Cook iv. 54 The scrag and trimmings of the neck of mutton so valuable for Irish stew, hot-pot, haricot, or Scotch broth, are thereby lost. 2002 Aberdeen Evening Express (Nexis) 18 Sept. (Features section) 20 I wonder how many young people can make Scotch broth like they did then? † Scotch bum n. Obsolete rare a kind of bustle. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > contrivance for expanding skirts > bustle, pads, or cushion bum roll1602 roll1602 Scotch bum1607 Scotch fall1607 rump roll1707 rump1710 bustle1786 bustler1787 cushion1806 dress improver1842 improver1844 bishopa1860 tournure1872 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe ii. ii. sig. C3 That French gowne, Scotch fals, Scotch bum, and Italian head-tire you sent her. Scotch carpet n. a two-ply (or occasionally three-ply) woollen carpet of a type originally manufactured in Scotland; cf. Kidderminster n., ingrain adj. 1b. ΚΠ 1744 Pennsylvania Gaz. 1 Nov. (Suppl.) 2/2 Wilton and Scotch carpets. 1852 Godey's Lady's Bk. Jan. 75/2 Whenever she expected..persons of character to pay their respects to her, the Scotch carpet was sure to be spread out. 1921 Winston's Encycl. II. at Carpet The Kidderminster or Scotch carpet consists of two distinct webs woven at the same time and knitted together by the woof. The pattern is the same on both sides of the cloth, but the colors are reversed. 1995 D. Hancock Citizens of World iii. 98 Two flights of stairs covered by Wilton and cheaper woolen Scotch carpets brought one to private quarters on the first floor. Scotch catch n. Music = Scotch snap n.; cf. earlier Scots catch n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > short note followed by long Scots catch1789 Scots snap1789 Scotch snap1824 Scotch catch1842 1842 T. Oliphant & F. Madden Catal. Manuscript Music in Brit. Mus. 94 ‘Pratty Nan.’ (The Scotch Catch.) Three Voices. 1919 Encycl. Amer. XXIII. 134/1 Ragtime,..a sort of continuous syncopation..somewhat similar to ‘Scotch catch’ or ‘snap’. 1983 Early Music 11 192 The ‘Scotch catch’ of Hungarian gipsy music..on a British-made barrel organ would have been out of place. Scotch Celtic n. and adj. [compare earlier Irish Celtic n. and adj. at Irish adj. and n. Compounds 3] now rare (a) adj.= Scottish Gaelic adj.; (b) n. = Scottish Gaelic n.William Shaw's work (referred to in quot. 1777) was actually published in 1778, under the title An Analysis of the Galic Language. ΚΠ 1777 Proposals for Printing (single sheet) An analysis of the Scotch Celtic language. By William Shaw. 1885 Catholic World Oct. 60 Scotch Celtic savants account for the paucity of ancient Gaelic literary remains in Scotland by saying that..the English made it a point to destroy all the records and books they could lay their hands on. 1895 J. M. D. Meiklejohn New Geogr. on Compar. Method (ed. 14) 80 Lough is a Celtic word (in Scotch Celtic, Loch). 1926 H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage 208/2 The usual meaning of Gaelic, i.e. Scotch-Celtic. 1994 L. L. Francis Frost Family's Adventure i. 28 The use of..little ‘stories’..was strongly stimulated by her Scotch-Celtic father. † Scotch chocolate n. slang Obsolete rare a preparation of sulphur and milk, probably taken as a medicine.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > milk drinks > [noun] rice milk1620 whig1684 leban1695 saloop1728 sack-whey1736 celery whey1761 mustard whey1769 wine whey1769 Scotch chocolate1785 whey-whig1811 chocolate milk1819 horchata1859 tamarind-whey1883 milk shake1886 Horlick1891 lassi1894 Ovaltine1906 shake1909 malt1942 malted1945 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Scotch chocolate, brimstone and milk. Scotch coal n. now chiefly historical any of various types of coal mined in Scotland, or thought to resemble this; spec. anthracite. ΚΠ 1644 Artificiall Fire or Coale 1 Burn them with a little Scotch-coale, or Wood, or any Combustible matter to fire it. 1707 I. Newton Let. 14 Nov. in Corr. (1967) IV. 500 It is..at present necessary for the Master of her Majties Mint at Edinburgh to allay the silver molten with Scotch coal. 1781 R. B. Sheridan Trip to Scarborough iii. iii Get a Scotch coal fire in the parlour. 1842 J. Blunt Speeches, Rev., Rep., &c.‎ 259 The general character of Scotch coal is different. It is of two kinds; the rock coal, which burns to a good cinder, and produces but little ashes; and the splent or stone coal..burns freely, with considerable smoke. 1887 Hansard's Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 320 1566/1 The Scotch coal is very smoky, a large portion of it going into ashes and clinkers. 1932 J. U. Nef Rise Brit. Coal Industry I. i. ii. 119 Wealthy citizens..stocked their cellars mainly with wood, charcoal, and Scotch coal, avoiding the despised ‘sea coal’. Scotch coffee n. slang (chiefly Nautical) (now historical) burnt bread or biscuits boiled in water. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > dish made with biscuit biscuit cake1593 Scotch coffee1815 dogsbody1818 dandyfunk1883 1815 B. F. Palmer Diary 2 June (1914) 219 We have had Scotch Coffee—made of Bread—and no Sugar. 1844 T. J. Jacobs Scenes, Incidents, & Adventures in Pacific Ocean xvii. 136 We had served up for breakfast ‘pigeon pie’ and ‘Scotch coffee’. 1937 C. N. Parkinson Trade in Eastern Seas, 1793–1813 240 There may have been burgoo or ‘Scotch coffee’ but there is no mention of cocoa in the list of provisions. 2000 B. Cornwell Sharpe's Trafalgar (2001) ix. 196 A seaman brought him a cup of Scotch coffee and he drank the bitter liquid, then chewed on the sweetened bread crumbs that gave the coffee its flavor. Scotch collops n. now chiefly historical thin slices of fried meat (in later use esp. beefsteak), often cooked with onions. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > steak dishes Scots collops1657 Scotch collops1664 porterhouse steak1842 Chateaubriand1877 plank steak1904 steak tartare1911 churrasco1917 Swiss steak1932 tournedos Rossini1937 pepper steak1939 cheesesteak1941 steak au poivre1953 steak Diane1957 carpet-bag steak1958 peppered steak1960 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > meat dishes > [noun] > other meat dishes langue de boeuf1381 sawgeatc1390 pome-garneza1450 olive1598 potato pie1600 capilotade1611 carbonade1651 beef à la mode1653 Scots collops1657 Scotch collops1664 galantine1702 grenadine1706 scotched collops1708 à la mode beef1723 miroton1725 German duck1785 cottage pie1791 chartreuse1806 timbale1824 sanders1827 rognon1828 rolliche1830 schalet1846 old thing1848 Brunswick stew1855 scrapple1855 moussaka1862 cannelon1875 crépinette1877 shepherd's pie1877 chop suey1888 estouffade1889 noisette1891 chaudfroid1892 patty1904 boeuf bourguignon1915 sukiyaki1920 bœuf stroganoff1932 bœuf1936 flauta1938 rumaki1941 rendang1948 pastitsio1950 keema1955 bulgogi1958 moo shu1962 Melba1964 shabu-shabu1970 carpaccio1974 al pastor1977 gosht1982 parmo1999 parmesan2003 beef stroganof- 1664 H. Wooley Cook's Guide 66 To make Scotch Collops, either of Beef, Veal, or Mutton... Cut your meat very thin, [etc.]. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Fricandoe A sort of Scotch Collops made of thin slices of Veal, well larded and stuff'd. 1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xvii^. 274 Cocky-leeky and Scotch collops soon reeked in the Bailie's little parlour. View more context for this quotation 1888 G. Outram Lyrics* (new ed.) 26 ‘Scotch collops’ consist of slices of beef with the fat, stewed in a stewing or frying pan, with onions and pepper and salt. 1958 D. S. Daniell Hunt Royal (1962) vi. 62 ‘Mutton,’ said the King, ‘excellent! Bring up a hind quarter, and a frying pan, and butter. We will make Scotch collops.’ 1998 J. Asala Celtic Folklore Cooking 272 (heading) Scotch collops with cream... 4 medium onions, chopped, 4 (6-ounce) slices rump roast, [etc.]. Scotch cousin n. [in allusion to the practice among many Scots of tracing clan lineage back to remote degrees] a distant relative. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] > distant relative Scotch cousin1776 great1841 1776 G. Ellis Bath 7 Rhimes,—like Scotch cousins,—in such order plac'd; The first scarce claims acquaintance with the last! 1818 London Lit. Gaz. 8 Aug. 498/1 Mrs Glass, a snuff-seller in London, and Scotch cousin to the Deans. 1887 M. Cholmondeley Danvers Jewels i I have no deserving nephew or Scotch cousin. 1920 W. McDougall Group Mind 115 Scotchmen again (Highlanders especially) are noted for clannishness, and Scotch cousins have become a byword. 1995 P. Mackesy Brit. Victory in Egypt i. i. 6 The two men were ‘Scotch cousins’ related by blood. Scotch cousinship n. now rare the relationship of ‘Scotch cousins’; a distant cousinship.figurative in quot. 1790. ΚΠ 1790 Calcutta Chron. 14 Oct. A subject, which to me, appears to have no relation to the original topic; but a friend now with me..assured me that he has traced it from its first source, and finds it owns a Scotch cousinship with it. 1827 C. I. Johnstone Elizabeth de Bruce I. xvi. 206 Shall I pretend a Scotch Cousinship with the ancestry of Monkshaugh? 1864 Times 10 May 14/3 William of Glenfalloch..was related to that nobleman in a Scotch cousinship of ten removes. 1920 E. H. Coleridge Life T. Coutts, Banker v. 62 Apart from a Scotch cousinship, there may have been some early tie..which brought the two men together. Scotch-cut adj. Typography (now rare) (of a typeface or character) cut in a ‘Scotch’ style; see sense A. 1e. ΚΠ 1834 Relig. Inquirer & Gospel Anchor 16 Aug. 160/3 A. Pell & Brother, Type Founders, No. 712 John-street, New York, have added to their extensive assortment of printing Types,..Scotch cut Type, for the use of newspapers. 1847 S. N. Dickinson Hand-bk. Specimen Printing Type Pref. The symmetry of the Scotch cut figures. 1912 A. A. Stewart Printer's Dict. Techn. Terms 261 Scotch-cut modern roman..is a much older face based on a French style of roman known as Bodoni. Scotch douche n. [compare French douche écossaise (1825 or earlier)] a hydrotherapeutic treatment in which a jet or stream of hot water, alternating with one of cold, is applied to (part of) the body. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > bathing > a bath > douche douche1739 spout bath1824 Scotch douche1839 1839 Med. Examiner 29 June 410 (table) Waters taken internally, in baths, and Scotch douches upon the head. 1914 G. M. Niles Diagnosis & Treatm. Digestive Dis. xi. 268 The Scotch douche consists of a single application of water at each temperature—first hot then cold. 2004 D. Mernagh-Ward & J. Cartwright Health & Beauty Therapy vi. 159 The Scotch douche treatment..is believed to help sufferers of migraines and..aches and pains in the back. Scotch egg n. a hard-boiled egg enclosed in sausage meat, (in later use) coated in breadcrumbs, and fried, typically served cold. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > egg dishes > [noun] > other egg dishes poachéa1425 meseladea1450 potrona1450 malasadec1450 poached eggc1450 eggs in moonshine?1558 snow1597 fondue1806 Scotch egg1808 soufflé1813 scrabbed eggsa1825 Scotch woodcock1836 egg salad1873 prairie oyster1879 Adam and Eve on a raft1891 Russian egg1891 eggs Benedict1898 huevos rancheros1901 sabayon1906 oeuf en cocotte1909 shakshuka1930 piperade1931 thousand-year egg1961 1808 M. E. Rundell New Syst. Domest. Cookery (new ed.) viii. 207 Scotch Eggs. Boil hard five pullets eggs, and without removing the white, cover completely with a fine relishing forcemeat. 1903 J. Whitehead Steward's Handbk. 438/1 Have little rounds of buttered toast or fried bread, place each Scotch egg on a round, and serve garnished with fried parsley. 1995 Guardian 8 July (Weekend Suppl.) 49/4 These call for the sandwich box and lunchbox, the kebab and the samosa, Scotch egg or frittata. † Scotch fall n. Obsolete rare an article of dress; (perhaps) = fall n.² 30a. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > underwear > [noun] > contrivance for expanding skirts > bustle, pads, or cushion bum roll1602 roll1602 Scotch bum1607 Scotch fall1607 rump roll1707 rump1710 bustle1786 bustler1787 cushion1806 dress improver1842 improver1844 bishopa1860 tournure1872 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe ii. ii. sig. C3 That French gowne, Scotch fals, Scotch bum, and Italian head-tire you sent her. Scotch fiddle n. slang (now historical) (probably) (a case of) scabies; cf. Welsh fiddle n. at Welsh adj. and n. Compounds 1d. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > itching diseases > scabies or mange itcha800 riff1579 psora1585 scrubbado1651 Scotch fiddle1675 scrub1709 scabies1813 acariasis1815 scratch1828 seven-year itch1835 scrub-itch1909 swimmer's itch1928 1675 Earl of Rochester Tunbridge Wells 120 And then more smartly to expound the Riddle Of all this Prattle, gives her a Scotch Fiddle. 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Welch fiddle, the itch. See Scotch fiddle. 1826 J. Randolph Let. 20 Feb. in Life J. Quincy 421 I have not catched the literary ‘Scotch fiddle’. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Scotch-Fiddle,..The itch, more commonly called the Welshman's hug. 1997 Scotsman (Nexis) 30 Jan. 13 There was a story in the 18th century that it [sc. porridge] caused a rash called Scotch Fiddle, so named because victims would be fiddling with it all the time. Scotch fines n. Papermaking (now rare) a type of fine cotton rag used in making high quality paper. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > [noun] > others handstuff1690 pearl hardening1871 Scotch fines1880 1880 J. Dunbar Pract. Papermaker 23 Superfine High Blue. For 300lb dry paper. S P F, ¹/ ₄, Medium Spanish Esparto, ¹/ ₂, Scotch Fines, ¹/ ₄, [etc.]. 1908 C. Beadle Chapters on Papermaking V. ix. 150 (heading) Cotton (‘Scotch Fines’) at different stages of the Beating. † Scotch furnace n. [compare French fourneau écossais (1807 in the source translated in quot. 1807)] Obsolete = ore hearth n. at ore n.² Compounds 3; cf. Scotch hearth n. ΚΠ 1807 tr. Gueniveau in Repertory Arts, Manuf., & Agric. 11 388 We have seen at Pezey the ores of roasted lead, containing much sulphate of lead, which when cast in Scotch furnaces produced no matt. 1852 J. A. Phillips Man. Metall. 504 In many parts of England,..the smelting of lead ores is principally conducted in an arrangement called a Scotch furnace, or ore hearth. 1896 W. R. Maguire Domest. Sanitary Drainage (ed. 2) 418 A reverberatory furnace; that is, a furnace where the coal used does not come in contact with the ore, as it does in the Scotch furnace. Scotch Gael n. [compare earlier Irish Gael n. at Irish adj. and n. Compounds 3] now historical = Scottish Gael n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 3. ΚΠ 1784 T. Robertson Inq. Fine Arts vi. 401 The Muse of the Scotch Gaël or Celtæ; a people better known in Scotland by the name of Highlander. 1896 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 509/2 To this day it [sc. Cape Breton] remains in quality and in faith what is perhaps the largest and purest body of Scotch Gaels outside of their native country. 2009 J. G. Gibson Trad. Gaelic Bagpiping, 1745–1945 Introd. 3 The strong inclination of the Scotch Gael to practise his ethnically distinctive music and dance was vitally strengthened in the New World. Scotch glue n. animal glue of a type originally made in Scotland, and traditionally used in furniture restoration, carpentry, etc. ΚΠ 1826 Hull Packet 18 Apr. 5 Tons Transparent Scotch Glue. 1907 R. L. Fernbach Glues & Gelatine v. 96 Scotch Glue.—Several samples of this variety of glue have come to the writer's notice, one made in England, another produced in France. 2003 P. Brett Wood Occupations i. 47 Animal glue—Also known as Scotch glue. Made from animal hides and bones... These glues are supplied in cake form and must be broken up, soaked and heated before use. Scotch haddock n. = finnan n. ΚΠ 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 178 To dress Salt Fish... Scotch Haddocks you must lay in Water all Night. You may boil or broil them; if you broil you must split them in two. 1888 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 27 Apr. 435/1 An excess of phosphorous caused by an over indulgence in Scotch haddocks. 1935 Arts & Decoration Mar. 41/1 Beat the cooked and flaked Scotch haddock with a little cream... Spread this on toast. Scotch hand n. either of a pair of wooden paddles used in butter making; usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > churning butter > butter-pat butter pat1790 butter stick1830 Scotch hand1882 1882 Househ. Words 11 Feb. 317/1 Wooden spoons, known as ‘Scotch Hands’, should be used for removing the butter from the churn on to the butter-board. 1919 E. T. Thurston World of Wonderful Reality i. 3 He bought a churn and pans to separate the milk... He bought Scotch hands as well. 2004 Farmers Guardian (Nexis) 16 July 14 Her butter is churned and shaped individually using scotch hands. Scotch hearth n. now historical and rare = ore hearth n. at ore n.² Compounds 3; cf. earlier Scotch furnace n. ΚΠ 1848 G. F. Duckett Technol. Mil. Dict. 247/2 Scotch smelting-furnace or ore-hearth; blast-hearth; Scotch-hearth. 1883 Geol. Wisconsin 1873–9 I. 654 The Scotch Hearth..is often used for the reduction of large ore and the smelting of slag. 1973 Arizona & West 15 325 After the installation of a Scotch hearth and a cupel furnace to produce and refine lead-base bullion, the smelter turned out a silver ingot. Scotchland n. now rare and humorous Scotland. ΚΠ 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. iv. 88 In Scotch-land. 1719 H. Playford Wit & Mirth V. 43 They weren't use to wad in Scotchland as they wad in England. 1868 Freemasons' Mag. & Masonic Mirror 21 Nov. 406/2 A Scotchman is a native of Scotchland. 2007 Sunday Express (Scottish ed.) (Nexis) 19 Apr. 27 Most fourth-generation expat Scots have a misty eyed view of Auld Scotia, so let's give them the Scotchland they want. Scotch marmalade n. a type of orange marmalade, originally made in Scotland, usually with added peel for extra richness. ΚΠ ?1790 R. Abbot Housekeeper's Valuable Present 42 Scotch marmalade, when you make your orange marmalade, put a little by; then cut some orange-peel into fine strips, and giving them a boil in a little clarified sugar, mix them in the marmalade, and put them into pots. 1859 E. G. Storke Domest. & Rural Affairs 64 Rhubarb preserve, if made according to the following directions, is almost equal to the celebrated Scotch marmalade. 1904 News (Frederick, Maryland) 23 Apr. Cover them with Scotch marmalade, then a thin upper crust and bake an hour. 1992 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 18 Jan. It tasted better, this Scotch marmalade which was thin enough to spread. Scotch marriage n. a marriage, formerly valid according to Scots law, effected solely by a mutual declaration of consent before two witnesses; this form of marriage.Chiefly applied to the runaway marriages (formerly frequent) of couples who crossed from England into Scotland in order to escape the restrictions imposed by English law on the marriage of minors without the consent of their guardians. Cf. Gretna Green n. This particular form of ‘irregular marriage’, also known as marriage by declaration, was abolished under the Marriage (Scotland) Act of 1939. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > [noun] > manner of marrying > other types of wedding confarreation1598 farreation1656 coemption1676 Scotch marriage1762 foot washing1780 civil union1837 white wedding1840 hand-fastening1899 Anand Karaj1938 destination wedding1990 1762 London Mag. Oct. 536/2 Considerations on Scotch Marriages. 1879 M. E. Braddon Cloven Foot xix A good many years ago..I got myself entrapped into a Scotch marriage. 1911 H. E. Fenn Thirty-five Years in Divorce Court xiv. 130 To try and annul a Scotch marriage, ‘irregular’, as it is called, always proves very interesting reading. 2000 Scotsman (Nexis) 19 Apr. 11 Until finally eliminated by act of parliament as recently as 1939, ‘Scotch marriage’—marriage by some form of exchange of mutual consent—could be partly traced back to the old custom known as ‘handfasting’. Scotch pancake n. a small, thick pancake; = drop-scone n. at scone n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > griddle cake > scone > dropped scone Scotch pancake1767 drop-cake1835 drop-scone1899 pikelet1905 1767 A. Shackleford Mod. Art Cookery Improved 179 To make Scotch Pancakes... To a pint of cream beat up eight eggs, [etc.]. 1892 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 27 8 The roti or chupathi is an unleavened cake (like a Scotch pancake in shape). 1930 E. B. Bennion & J. Stewart Cake Manuf. xiv. 122 Soda scones, Scotch pan cakes, and milk scones,..can be baked on the hot plate. 2004 Z. Sharp First Drop ix. 104 They looked more like thick Scotch pancakes than the familiar thin-style crêpes. Scotch pearl n. [probably after French perle d'Écosse (1353 in Middle French as perle d'Escosse); compare post-classical Latin margarita Scotica (1609 or earlier)] now chiefly historical a freshwater pearl, esp. one from Scotland, being irregularly shaped and often considered of little value. ΚΠ 1664 True Acct. Arraignment Col. J. Turner 7 Twelve Scotch pearls. 1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. Baroque, perle baroque (qui n'est pas parfaitement ronde) a rough or Scotch Pearl. 1785 T. Holcroft tr. Comtesse de Genlis Tales Castle II. 286 Pearls of unusual figures, that is, neither round nor in the form of a pear, are called Baroguas, and our's [sic] Scotch Pearls. 1869 Eclectic Mag. Nov. 605/2 In the Middle Ages Scotch pearls were celebrated for their size and beauty, and their peculiar pink hue was highly esteemed by foreign magnates. 1903 Connoisseur Jan. 20/1 ‘River pearls’ found in mussels in rivers. These latter are practically or little or no value, being known as ‘Scotch pearls’. 1991 D. Gabaldon Outlander xiv. 191 I could see it was a string of small baroque pearls, those irregularly shaped productions of freshwater mussels... ‘They're only Scotch pearls,’ he said, apologetically. Scotch pebble now historical an agate or similar semi-precious stone found in Scotland; (without plural) agate, chalcedony, or similar substance; cf. pebble n. 2c. ΚΠ 1752 London Mag. Mar. 128/1 Mr. Blandy told him, that he suspected he had taken poison, and that he believed it came to his daughter with the Scotch pebbles, for he was always worse after a present of those damn'd Scotch pebbles were received. 1845 New Statist Acct. Scotl. XV. 73 Chromate of iron has been found in certain situations, but not of the best quality; also Scotch pebbles or agates, and garnets. 1881 W. Gregor Notes Folk-lore N.-E. Scotl. 39 A small perforated ball, made of Scotch pebble,..has the virtue of curing diseases of the eye. 1987 Scottish Field Dec. 70/3 ‘Scotch pebbles’, as they used to be called, are a micro-crystalline form of a quartz, called chalcedony, which was deposited within former gas cavities in certain types of basalt that were violently erupted 400 million years ago. Scotch peg n. now rare a leg. [Rhyming slang, probably with allusion to the name of Scotch Peg (1799 or earlier) < Scotch adj. + Peg , a personification of Scotland, the sister of John Bull in J. Arbuthnot's satires (1712; compare John Bull n.). Compare peg n.¹ 6c.] ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > limb > leg > [noun] shanka900 legc1300 grainsa1400 limbc1400 foot?a1425 stumpa1500 pin?1515 pestlea1529 boughc1550 stamp1567 understander1583 pile1584 supporters1601 walker?1611 trestle1612 fetlock1645 pedestal1695 drumstick1770 gam1785 timber1807 tram1808–18 fork1812 prop1817 nethers1822 forkals1828 understanding1828 stick1830 nether person1835 locomotive1836 nether man1846 underpinning1848 bender1849 Scotch peg1857 Scotch1859 under-pinner1859 stem1860 Coryate's compasses1864 peg1891 wheel1927 shaft1935 1857 ‘Ducange Anglicus’ Vulgar Tongue 17 Scotch peg, leg. 1897 ‘Doss Chiderdoss′ ‘Pomes’ from Pink 'Un 23 Some buds of youthful purity, with undisplayed ‘Scotch pegs’. 1917 W. Muir Observ. Orderly xiv. 225 If he [sc. an Australian] had occasion to allude to his leg he would probably have called it ‘Scotch peg’. Scotch pie n. a type of small, circular meat pie, traditionally made with mutton. ΚΠ 1826 ‘M. Dods’ Cook & Housewife's Man. 258 A Bride's Pie,—a Scotch Pie.—This is just a very rich mince pie. 1893 Middletown (N.Y.) Daily Times 7 Dec. Especial features this evening will be an auction with Mr. A. B. Hutchison as auctioneer, and the ‘Scotch pie’, prepared by Mrs Lizzie Boyce. 1977 J. Wilson Making Hate i. 15 He'd bought a couple of Scotch pies..to keep himself going. 2002 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 9 Feb. 8 Forget oysters, asparagus and all that nonsense, I'm talking about proper aphrodisiacs like haggis, stovies, and scotch pies. Scotch plough n. now historical a type of swing plough; = Scots plough n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3. ΚΠ ?1768–9 Encycl. Brit. (1771) I. 52/2 This work must be performed by a strong Scotch plough. 1814 App. Gen. Rep. Agric. State & Polit. Circumstances Scotl. v. 354 The superiority of Small's plough in a great measure consists in this, that its different parts are made neater and lighter than in the old Scotch plough. 1843 Penny Cycl. XXVII. 353/1 The farmers all plough with two horses, and use Scotch ploughs or other light ploughs of similar construction. 1989 M. J. H. Robson Ingenious Mechanic of Scotl. 4 The ‘old Scotch plough’ made mostly of wood, is supposed to have changed little over many centuries. It was a swing plough, well suited to rig and furrow. 1994 C. A. Wilson New Lease on Life vi. 160 The Scotch plough enabled six men and two horses to sow an acre of potatoes—a job that had formerly required thirty spadesmen. 2007 R. D. Thomas Outram in India i. 4 A small two-horse plough without wheels known as the Scotch plough. † Scotch prize n. Nautical Obsolete a prize (prize n.² 1) taken in error, found to be worthless, or liable to cause problems for its captors. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > stolen goods > [noun] > spoil or plunder > taken in war or raid > maritime > useless or hindering Scotch prize1776 1776 H. Fisher Let. 16 Apr. in Pennsylvania Arch. (1853) 4 732 The ship hove out a signal for them to come aboard again, which they did, or they would have caut a Scotch Prize and be Damn'd to them. 1823 J. F. Cooper Pilot II. xii. 191 ‘This has been a Scotch prize that we've taken,’ muttered a surly old seaman; ‘a ship without head-money or cargo!’ 1885 United Service Mag. Sept. 261 ‘A Scotch prize, and no mistake!’ exclaimed Sleath, as Ellinor, weak, tottering, and scarcely able to stand or articulate, appeared. Scotch rabbit n. now historical plain or seasoned cheese on toast; cf. Welsh rabbit n.Most cookery books in which the dishes appear give (various) slight differences in the recipes for Welsh and Scotch rabbit; occasionally however the terms appear to be used interchangeably. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > butter and cheese dishes > [noun] > Welsh rarebit toasted cheese1589 Welsh rabbit1725 Scotch rabbit1747 Welsh rarebit1781 cheese toast1808 rarebit1848 cheese on toast1880 buck rarebit1927 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 97 To make a Scotch-Rabbit. Toast a Piece of Bread.., butter it, cut a Slice of Cheese,..toast it on both Sides, and lay it on the Bread. 1826 C. Johnstone Cook & Housewife's Man. 247 A Scotch Rabbit.—Cut, toast, and butter the bread as in last receipt, and keep it hot. 1908 C. H. Senn Chafing Dish & Casserole Cookery (new ed.) 30 Besides the Welsh Rabbits, there are Scotch Rabbits, Swiss Rabbits,..etc., all of which take the form of toasted cheese done in one way or the other. 2006 Worcester (Mass.) Telegram & Gaz. (Nexis) 15 Feb. 79 Welsh rabbit, also known as English rabbit and Irish and Scotch rabbit, was elevated in status in the late 1800s when it became Welsh rarebit. Scotch reel n. a traditional Scottish dance; = reel n.³ 1. ΚΠ 1762 G.-A. Gallini Treat. Art of Dancing 184 It is to the Highlanders in North-Britain, that I am told we are indebted for a dance in the comic vein, called the Scotch Reel. 1856 Spirit of Times 13 Dec. 238/2 The following was the programme of dancing: Part the Fourth—Scotch Reel,..French Four, General Stampede. 1913 Times 3 June 11/3 The old Scotch reel is rarely danced today, as the young folk prefer eight-somes as more ‘romping’. 1992 P. Glazebrook Journey to Khiva (1996) v. 144 In England amateur talent just as unsuitable often takes up Morris dancing or Scotch reels, stamping and jingling twice monthly. † Scotch saddle n. and adj. Obsolete (a) n. a type of saddle, (perhaps) one relatively flat from front to back; (b) adj. resembling this type of saddle. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > saddle > types of saddle mail-saddle1360 trotter-saddle1381 panel1393 loadsaddle1397 packsaddle1398 limber-saddle1480 pillion1480 side-saddle1493 steel saddle1503 pilgate1511 mail pillowc1532 stock-saddle1537 pad1556 sunk1568 trunk-saddle1569 soda1586 mail pillion1586 running saddle1596 Scotch saddle1596 postilion saddle1621 pad-saddle1622 portmanteau-saddle1681 watering saddle1681 cart-saddle1692 demi-pique1695 crook-saddle1700 saddle pad1750 recado1825 aparejo1844 mountain saddle1849 somerset1851 pilch1863 cowboy saddle1880 sawbuck (pack)saddle1881 western saddle1883 cross-saddle1897 centre-fire1921 McClellan1940 poley1957 1581 Will of Wylteshire (Somerset Ho.) Scottissh sadell.] 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. V4^v My braine as poore and compendius, as the pummell of a scotch saddle, or pan of a Tobacco pipe. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Naso schiacciato, a flat Scotch-saddle nose. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 51 The next saddle to this for ease is the large Scotch saddle being at least eighteene inches in length, and made with the French padde seate. 1667 Duke of Newcastle New Method to dress Horses 80 Horses..Gallop or Run surely upon All Grounds, Plowed Lands, Moors, Parks, Forrests, and every where, with a Snaffle, and a Scotch Saddle. Scotch scale n. Music (now rare) a pentatonic scale in which the fourth and seventh are omitted from the ordinary major scale, characteristic of traditional Scottish music (though common in other cultures). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > other scales hendecachord1761 pentachord1786 Scotch scale1786 maqam1793 pelog1817 harmonic scale1880 whole-tone scale1900 pentatonic1909 harmonic series1910 blues scale1939 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music Scotch-Scale, a Scale differing from that of the other nations of Europe by its omission of the fourth and seventh; a peculiarity from which all the genuine Scottish melodies derive their national and distinguished character. 1877 Musical World 6 Jan. 26/2 One of these very ancient Egyptian pipes is upon the pentaphonic major, Scotch scale. 1921 F. S. Mathews Field Bk. Wild Birds & their Music (rev. ed.) p. xxxviii There is a third and primitive mode common to all folk-song, sometimes called the Scotch scale, which is perfectly represented by five of the ebonies of the piano. 1996 A. Bonner Alas! What brought Thee Hither 6/1 Chinese music was rendered..using the Scotch scale identically or the black notes of the pianoforte. † Scotch Sea n. Obsolete (a) (a name for) the Solway Firth, an estuary separating Cumbria, in northern England, and Dumfries and Galloway, in south-western Scotland; (b) = Scottish Sea n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 3; (c) (a name for) that part of the Atlantic Ocean between north-western Scotland and Iceland. ΚΠ 1609 T. Heywood Troia Britanica xvi. 424 The wall from Tyne to the Scotch Sea was made for strength. a1650 Index Buchanan's Index Hist. MS (Edinb. Univ.) Mare Scoticum the firth of Forth the Scotsh sea, so called because it was once the march betuix Scotland and England. 1704 tr. I. de la Peyrère Acct. Iseland in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. II. 437/1 These Iselanders were very powerful in the Deucalidonian or Scotch Sea, and perhaps carried from thence their Commerce as far as Normandy. 1769 tr. W. Goodall Introd. Hist. & Antiq. Scotl. xiv. 177 Kenneth of Alpin is said to have invaded Pictavia..and usurped the whole land from the Scotch sea to the river Tweed. 1783 New Hist. Scotl. x. 101 The boundaries of the Scotch dominions towards Stirling was the Forth..; the Forth was from that time to be called the Scotch Sea. 1824 J. Chitty Treat. Laws Commerce & Manuf. I. iv. 102 Northward is the sea anciently known by the several names of Hyperborean, Deucaledonian, and Caledonian Ocean, now the Scotch sea, in which are situated the Orcades, Thule, and other islands. 1850 M. Stewart Remarks Subj. of Lang. 167 The whole of the country north of the Forth, the Scotch Sea, appears to have been held by military tenure. † Scotch sister n. Obsolete rare a distant female relative; cf. Scotch cousin n. ΚΠ a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. xix. 219 She called her a sister, but whether it was a Scotch sister, or a sister à la mode de Brétagne, would have puzzled most people. † Scotch-sleeve n. Obsolete (probably) a person wearing sleeves of Scotch cloth; cf. quot. 1705 at Scotch cloth n.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > wearing clothing > [noun] > wearing other clothing > one who Court-mantlec1367 Sunday citizen1598 longcoat1603 lettice ruffa1625 silkworma1625 copester1637 short-coat1649 Scotch-sleeve?1706 Evite1713 uniform1786 nude1810 blue-stockinged1818 waistcoateer1825 padder1828 stook of duds1834 bloomer1851 sleeve1851 shirt1860 shirtwaister1900 DJ1926 rat-catcher1928 sweater girl1940 zoot-suiter1942 Edwardian1954 penguin1967 overcoat1969 ?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. iii. 30 Poor Lawn-Sleeves (or Scotch-Sleeves)..was so assaulted, as..he had probably perished by their violence. Scotch snap n. Music a rhythmic pattern consisting of a short note followed by a longer one (esp. a stressed semiquaver followed by an unstressed dotted quaver), characteristic of (but not exclusive to) much Scottish folk music; cf. earlier Scotch catch n., Scots snap n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3.The reference in quot. 1824 is inaccurate: Burney uses Scots snap (cf. quot. 1789 for Scots snap n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > short note followed by long Scots catch1789 Scots snap1789 Scotch snap1824 Scotch catch1842 1824 Harmonicon June 115/1 The ‘Scotch snap’, as Dr. Burney terms it, in the first air, is well contrasted by the smooth and equal note in the second. 1883 J. M. Wood in Grove's Dict. Music III. 437 Scotch Snap or Catch is the name given to the reverse of the ordinary dotted note which has a short note after it—in the snap the short note comes first and is followed by the long one. 1922 Sabbath Recorder 3 Apr. 424/2 In music, we learn to know and relish certain national peculiarities, such as..the Scotch snap—so familiar now in our American ragtime. 2004 M. DeVoto Debussy & Veil of Tonality ii. 62 Sirènes..begins with the fifth contracting to a third in a stylized Scotch snap. Scotch spur n. now historical a prick spur; (Heraldry) a representation of this as a charge. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of weapons or armour > [noun] > spur Scotch spur1662 spur1688 1662 A. Brome Rump (new ed.) 178 Methinks a Rump should go as well with a Scotch spur, as with a Switch. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. vii. 304/1 He beareth Gules, a Scotch Spur, Or. 1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry 293 The Scotch or prick-spur has a spike instead of a rowel. 2004 B. M. A. Ellis & G. Egan in J. Clark Medieval Horse & its Equipm., c.1150–c.1450 (ed. 2) 129/1 They [sc. prick spurs] were to have a brief fashionable revival in England during the mid-seventeenth century, when they were sometimes called ‘scotch’ spurs. Scotch stone n. (a) stone from Scotland; spec. = Water of Ayr stone n.; (also) a piece of this; †(b) = Scots stone n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 2 (Obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > sharpening > whetstone whetstonec725 hone-stone1393 filourc1400 hone1440 rub1502 rubber1553 knife-stone1571 stone1578 oilstone1585 block1592 oil whetstone1601 greenstone1668 scythe-stone1688 water stone1703 sharping-stone1714 Scotch stone1766 honer1780 Turkey hone1794 polishing-slate1801 burr1816 Turkey stone1816 German hone1817 Arkansas1869 rag1877 rock1889 slipstone1927 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 408 The goodness of the pavement, lately performed with Scotch stone. 1778 A. Wight Present State Husbandry in Scotl. II. iv. 211 Three fleeces make a Scotch stone, that fells for fifteen shillings. 1826 Franklin Jrnl. Nov. 286 Instead of the latter, the Scotch stone, called, water of ayr, is often used: this exists in abundance, in the State of North Carolina. 1856 H. S. Randall Sheep Husbandry x. 149 It was called the laid wool, and was usually from 1s. to 2s. per Scotch stone of 24lbs. 1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 135/1 Among hones of less importance..may be noted..Water of Ayr stone, Scotch stone, or snake stone, used for tools and for polishing marble. 1996 A. M. Fisch Textile Techniques in Metal (rev. ed.) iii. 36 Very deep scratches are removed with a Scotch stone and water. Scotch whisky n. [compare earlier Irish whiskey n. at Irish adj. and n. Compounds 3] whisky distilled in Scotland, esp. from malted barley; a brand or drink of this; cf. sense B. 3c. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > whisky > [noun] > Scotch whisky Scotch whisky1793 mountain dew1816 Scotch1883 1793 D. McBride Gen. Instr. Choice of Wines iii. 50 Some of the Scotch whisky is very wholesome, especially that which is distilled from the best barley. 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 39 Mr. Thomas Potter ordered the waiter to bring in, two goes of his best Scotch whiskey, with warm water and sugar. 1855 J. F. W. Johnston Chem. Common Life I. xiv. 337 While malt liquors give our Scotch and Irish whiskies. 1893 Rep. Sel. Comm. on Clubs Registration Bill App. 176 in Parl. Papers X. 463 Witness..‘stood’ drinks—for Gamble, a Scotch whisky; for himself, a bitter beer. 1985 A. M. Rugman & J. McIlveen Megafirms v. 130 Chivas Regal, a scotch whisky, is aged for twelve [years]. 2005 Church Times 5 Aug. 12/3 Before a product can be legally called Scotch whisky, it must have spent at least three years in an oak cask. Scotch woodcock n. scrambled (or hard-boiled) eggs and anchovy paste on buttered toast, typically served at the beginning or end of a meal as a savoury. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > egg dishes > [noun] > other egg dishes poachéa1425 meseladea1450 potrona1450 malasadec1450 poached eggc1450 eggs in moonshine?1558 snow1597 fondue1806 Scotch egg1808 soufflé1813 scrabbed eggsa1825 Scotch woodcock1836 egg salad1873 prairie oyster1879 Adam and Eve on a raft1891 Russian egg1891 eggs Benedict1898 huevos rancheros1901 sabayon1906 oeuf en cocotte1909 shakshuka1930 piperade1931 thousand-year egg1961 1836 W. Kitchiner Cook's Oracle 315 Scotch Woodcock... Three or four slices of Bread, Toast and Butter well on both sides [etc.]. 1894 E. Œ. Somerville & ‘M. Ross’ Real Charlotte II. xix. 60 Miss Fitzpatrick had eaten her curry with a knife and fork, and her Scotch woodcock with a spoon. 1995 Independent 28 Jan. 32/7 Scotch woodcock, that essentially British savoury, is now rarely encountered outside grand hotels of a certain period and gentlemen's clubs. Scotch yoke n. Mechanics a mechanism for converting steady circular motion into linear simple harmonic motion, comprising a crank bearing a pin which, as the crank revolves, slides in a straight slot constrained to move backwards and forwards along a straight line in a plane at right angles to the plane of the slot. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > other specific mechanisms stop?1523 clockwork1652 sector1715 rackwork1755 scapement1789 scape1798 safety catch1827 controller1836 dog1840 Geneva stop1841 Maltese cross1852 throw-off1852 gearhead1869 tripper1870 Scotch yoke1880 Geneva movement1881 belt-tightener1882 watch1882 selector1890 Geneva wheel1891 throw-out1894 Geneva motion1897 horse-geara1899 Geneva mechanism1903 safety catch1904 Geneva drive1913 Geneva1919 Possum1961 1880 U.S. Patent 227,652 1/2 The struts j j, shackle-bar L, and cross-head K may be omitted, and the well-known Scotch yoke be substituted. 1927 C. W. Ham & E. J. Crane Mechanics of Machinery ii. 27 An application of the Scotch yoke as it has occasionally been used on small engines and steam pumps. 2000 Canberra Times (Nexis) 2 June a18 The lightweight (75kg) 1·4-litre petrol engine chosen was a Scotch Yoke design. C3. In names of weights and measures of the system formerly used in Scotland. Cf. sense A. 1c.See also Scotch stone n. (b) at Compounds 2. Scotch acre n. now historical and rare a unit of (land) area equal to four roods (rood n. 7b) (approx. 6,100 square yards, 5,100 square metres). ΚΠ 1740 A. Wright Treat. Pract. Arithm. 20 A Scotch Acre is to an English Acre as 55353·6 to 43560. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth p. vi A Scotch acre commonly = 6084 square yards. 1843 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (1857) Suppl. §8308 The following table exhibits the cost per Scotch acre of draining in this method. 1965 Eng. Hist. Rev. 80 601 Scotch acres and stones of 22½ pounds. † Scotch boll n. Obsolete a measure of capacity for grain, flour, etc., equal to approx. six imperial bushels; (also) a measure of weight equal to 160 pounds (73 kg); cf. boll n.² ΚΠ 1753 R. Wallace Diss. Numbers Mankind 142 About one shilling six pence the Scotch boll [of corn]. 1812 Weekly Reg. (Baltimore) 6 June 232/2 The Scotch boll is almost six bushels. 1893 H. Schmidt Tate's Mod. Cambist (ed. 23) 10 Oatmeal, by the Scotch boll of 140 lb. Scotch ell n. now historical a unit of length equal to approx. one yard (94 cm); cf. ell n.¹ 1a. ΚΠ 1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce cclxvi. 225 60 Ells hath made here 72 Scotch Ells. 1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook vii, in Poems (new ed.) 57 Its stature seem'd lang Scotch ells twa. 1870 E. C. Brewer Dict. Phrase & Fable 265/1 The English ell was a yard and a quarter, the Scotch ell a little more than a yard. 2006 Fairbanks (Alaska) Daily New-Miner (Nexis) 16 May The Flemish ell is 27 inches long, the Scotch ell 37.2, and the English ell's obsolete but once was a whopping 45 inches. Scotch mile n. now historical a unit of distance equal to approx. 1,976 yards (1,807 metres); cf. mile n.¹ 1. ΚΠ 1645 J. Vicars Gods Ark 137 They came 18 Scotch miles that day to reach Barwick. 1734 D. Hume Lett. (1932) I. 14 Drunk an English Pint of Claret Wine every Day, & rode 8 or 10 Scotch Miles. 1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 166 But sax Scotch mile, thou try't their mettle. 1864 Ladies' Repository June 382/1 We walk in the United Kingdom by the measure of four sorts of miles, an English mile being 217 yards shorter than a Scotch mile. a1909 A. Anderson Later Poems (1912) 188 I min' a waddin' I was at, A dozen guid Scotch miles away. Scotch pint n. now historical a measure of capacity for liquids equal to approx. three imperial pints; see pint n. 2a. ΚΠ 1694 G. Rule Def. Vindic. Church Scotl. 17 Bring Water from the Wells in greater quantity than a Scotch Pint. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth p. vi Table Weights etc., 1 Scotch pint = 103·4 cubic inches. 1820 J. Cleland Rise & Progress Glasgow 167 Fruit is sold by the sleek of 20 Scotch pints. 1902 E. Braun Baker's Bk. I. 194 The Scotch bakers have a distinct measure, which they call Scotch pint, equal to about a half gallon of English measure. 1972 Econ. Hist. Rev. 25 78 Regarding milk, a Scotch pint..was said to approximate to 3 pints Imperial. C4. In the names of plants and animals (sense A. 3). Scotch argus n. either of two butterflies with brown wings and eye-like markings which (within Great Britain) are found mainly in Scotland: †(a) a European lycaenid, the northern brown argus, Aricia artaxerxes (obsolete); (b) a Palaearctic nymphalid, Erebia aethiops. ΚΠ 1803 A. H. Haworth Lepidoptera Britannica i. 47 [Papilio Artaxerxes] The Scotch Argus. 1807 E. Donovan Nat. Hist. Brit. Insects XII. 87 (heading) Papilio Blandina [sc. Erebia aethiops]. Scotch Argus Butterfly. 1876 J. Gibson in Encycl. Brit. IV. 595/1 Other species are extremely local, as the Scotch Argus (Lycæna artaxerxes), confined to a few Scottish hillsides. 1989 A. M. Emmet et al. Moths & Butterflies Great Brit. & Ireland VII. i. 258/1 Rennie (1832) called it [sc. Erebia aethiops] the Scotch Ringlet, having used Scotch Argus for Aricia artaxerxes (Fabricius). 1999 Scotland's Nat. Heritage No. 15. 21/2 Purple moor-grass provides food and shelter for caterpillars of the Scotch argus. Scotch asphodel n. now rare = Scottish asphodel n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > asphodels affodill1440 daffodilly1538 daffodil1548 asphodel1597 king's spear1597 onion asphodel1597 knavery1640 frodils1674 Scotch asphodel1771 ten o'clock1826 bog asphodel1881 1771 J. Roberston Jrnl. 10 June in D. M. Henderson & J. H. Dickson Naturalist in Highlands (1994) vi. 160 In the head of Glen Awin I found abundance of the Scotch asphodel. 1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants 199 Scotch Asphodel, a plant of the Asphodel tribe common in Scotland, Tofieldia palustris, Huds. 1910 E. A. N. Arber Plant Life Alpine Switzerland vii. 178 The Alpine Cerast.., the Scotch Asphodel (Tofieldia palustris, Huds.), and the Reticulate and Dwarf Willows, are, for example, almost confined in Switzerland to the High Alpine region. 1947 H. W. Meikle Scotland 18 On wetter moorland there may abound..the golden-flowered bog-asphodel, and its rarer cousin the Scotch asphodel with greenish-white flowers. Scotch attorney n. Caribbean (now rare) any of several tropical plants which twine around the trunks of trees and may eventually kill them; spec. any of various species of Clusia, and the strangler fig (genus Ficus); cf. Scotchman hugging the (also †a) Creole at Scotchman n. 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > parasitic plants > [noun] > other beech-drops1815 rafflesia1822 Scotchman hugging the (also a) Creole1828 Brugmansia1832 John Crow nose1844 pinedrops1848 nettle-blight1849 Scotch attorney1864 Jim Crow's nose1866 witchweed1881 devil's guts1889 1850 Hooker's Jrnl. Bot. 2 283 The Fig is considered the most useless tree in Jamaica. The bark makes a very good cordage, but there are others..that yield a better; and by universal consent it is looked down upon as the embodied principle of evil, and compared to a Scotch attorney strangling a Creole proprietor.] 1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 787 Scotch attorney: Clusia. 1871 C. Kingsley At Last I. v. 164 The Matapalo (or Scotch Attorney, as it is rudely called here) stands alone on stilted roots. 1962 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 75 330/1 Matapel. Ficus spp. Matapalo. Scotch Attorney. 2004 D. F. Austin Florida Ethnobot. 309/2 Another name that conveys the contempt that people have for these trees is Scotch attorney (Trinidad). Usually, however, in English, we simply say strangler fig. Scotch barley n. (a) a variety of barley originating in Scotland; (b) barley from which the outer husk has been removed but the grain left otherwise intact (also called pot barley). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > barley > types of barley or barley-plant polbere1440 bigg1446 long-ear?1523 sprat-barley?1523 waybent1538 wall barley1548 barley-bigg1552 bigg-barley1562 polbarley1574 pilled barley1578 way bennet1578 wheat-barley1578 French barley1596 way barley1597 rough bere1642 palm-barley1706 Scotch barley1707 square barleya1722 Thor-barley1755 ware-bere1793 barley-grass1795 German rice1828 battledore barley1848 the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > prepared grains polentaOE groats?a1100 tisanea1425 oat groatsa1475 grist?1567 polent1577 French barley1596 pearl barley1639 shelled corn1676 pot barley1761 burghul1764 semolina1784 yokeag1824 burgoo1825 Scotch barley1825 pearl sago1828 semoletta1844 semola1853 manna croup1864 manna groats1864 corn chip1868 rolled oats1870 flake-manna1886 flake-tapioca1886 grape-nuts1898 kibble1902 stamped mealies1911 stamp1923 bulgur1934 freekeh1940 stamp mealies1952 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 100 In Lincolnshire they sow a sort of Barly that they call Scotch Barly. It hath a square Ear. 1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. §4689 Of pot-barley there are two sorts, pearl and Scotch; both are produced by grinding off the husk. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 48 Scotch barley..does not malt well. 1933 W. W. Robbins & F. Ramaley Plants useful to Man iv. 58 Some varieties (‘hooded’ or ‘Scotch’ barley) bear a curious structure, the hood, at the tip of the lemma. 2009 J. Bessinger & T. Yablon-Brenner Simple Food for Busy Families xii. 159/1 Scotch barley is not as processed as pearl—it takes about an hour to cook. † Scotch bere n. [ < Scotch adj. + bere n.¹] Obsolete a hardy kind of barley grown in Scotland. ΚΠ 1786 R. Burns Poems 22 I sing the juice Scotch bear can mak us, In glass or jug. 1792 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. IV. 152 The principal crops are black and white oats, Scotch bear, rye and potatoes. 1845 Hog's Weekly Instructor 4 Oct. 82/2 The common long-eared barley has a double row of seeds..—the Scotch bear, or bigge, has six rows. † Scotch bigg n. [ < Scotch adj. + bigg n.] Obsolete a hardy kind of barley grown in Scotland. ΚΠ 1780 Parl. Reg. 1775–80 XV. 332 He was not prepared to enter into a minute consideration, of the comparative intrinsic value of English barley, and Scotch bigg. 1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum I. 154 The only corn cultivated [in the Faroe Islands] is the Scotch bigg, and that does not always ripen. Scotch Blackface n. = Scottish Blackface n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > specific breeds or members of > Scotch Blackface short-sheep1805 Scotch Blackface1840 Scottish Blackface1899 1791 R. Beilby Gen. Hist. Quadrupeds (ed. 2) 49 An Ewe, of the small black-faced Scotch breed, produced two ewe lambs before she had compleated her first year.] 1840 J. W. Massie Continental India II. 203 Mysore sheep—and their mutton is as good as is the Welsh or Scotch black-face—may also be procured. 1945 J. F. H. Thomas et al. Sheep ii. 30 It deserves the title Scotch Blackface because in that country it is of paramount importance. 1995 Guardian 18 Jan. i. 21/3 Scotch black-faced ewes gain access to cliff-grazing from the pasture fields behind. Scotch broom n. chiefly North American the common broom, Cytisus scoparius.The identity of the broom referred to in quot. 1798 is uncertain. ΚΠ 1798 W. F. Mavor Brit. Tourists I. 44 A chest of drawers made of Scotch broom, most elegantly striped, is a singular curiosity. 1806 T. Jefferson Garden Bk. (1944) 323 The upper third is chiefly open, but to the South is covered with a dense thicket of Scotch broom (Spartium scoparium Lin.) 1849 Genesee (Rochester, N.Y.) Farmer July 168/2 We may mention..the common or Scotch Broom—a shrub that grows six or eight feet high, small leaves and bright golden yellow flowers. 1928 J. Suzuki Creative Art Oct. 257 An example in mori-bana was arranged..using Scotch broom to give the central feature and supplementing it with daisies and lilies. 1997 T. Morrison Paradise 283 The rain's perfume was stronger north of Ruby, especially at the Convent, where thick white clover and Scotch broom colonized every place but the garden. † Scotch cinquefoil n. Obsolete rare a yellow-flowered cinquefoil, Potentilla sibbaldia (also called Sibbaldia procumbens), found on grassy and rocky slopes in central and northern Scotland. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > rosaceous plants > [noun] > potentilla or cinquefoil quinquefoileOE five-leafc1000 goose-grassa1400 camorochec1440 five-leaved grass1526 tansyc1530 cinquefoil1538 potentilla1548 five-fingered grass1562 agrimony1578 silverweed1578 goose-tansy1597 silver grass1600 silverwort1611 five-finger-grass1640 midsummer silvera1697 strawberry cinquefoil1753 Scotch cinquefoil1789 goose-weed1865 five-finger1866 fair days1884 fair-grass1884 potentil1884 1789 W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis III. 493 Scotch Cinquefoil. 1843 W. Baxter Brit. Phænogamous Bot. VI. 470 Sibbaldia procumbens. Procumbent Sibbaldia. Scotch Cinquefoil. Scotch crocus n. a variety of the crocus Crocus biflorus, thought to originate in southern Europe, typically white-flowered with the outer petals striped with purple. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > iris and related flowers > crocus saffronc1425 autumn crocus1629 crocusa1639 Scotch crocus1731 vernal crocus1778 saffron crocus1857 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Crocus The ordinary Strip'd Crocus, commonly call'd the Scotch Crocus. 1828 Mirror of Lit. 22 Mar. 205/2 As the cloth of gold crocus has large roots covered with network, so the Scotch crocus is distinguished by a yellowness about the roots. 1915 F. King Well-considered Garden vii. 98 Crocus biflorus, the ‘Scotch crocus’, is white, with pencillings of grayish mauve on its three outer petals. 2005 J. E. Bryan Pocket Guide to Bulbs 72/1 Crocus biflorus. Scotch crocus... Flowers white or lilac blue, with three purple or brownish purple bands on outer segments. † Scotch curlies n. Obsolete a variety of kale with curly leaves; curly kale. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > cabbage or kale > cabbage > types of > other types of cabbage red coleOE brisoka1340 red colewort?a1500 rape-cole1597 red cabbage1597 loaf-cabbage1727 sugar-loaf1766 drumhead1783 sugar-loaf cabbage1786 Yorkshire cabbage1786 York1823 palm-kale1853 Scotch curlies1855 thousand-head kale1887 cut-and-come-again1888 1855 C. McIntosh Bk. Garden II. 108/2 Prejudice, we believe, continues the cultivation of those over that of one of the very best of the family, the German greens or Scotch curlies. 1866 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener, & Country Gentleman 21 Aug. 147/1 Scotland's climate is too inclement for any cultivated plant to thrive if less robust than Scotch Curlies and Oats. Scotch dipper n. U.S. regional = Scotch teal n. ΚΠ 1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 83 At Wilmington, N.C. [= North Carolina], Scotch-duck, Scotchman, Scotch-dipper, and Scotch-teal. 1900 Birds & Nature 8 155 In the South some of the same names are heard, the Scotch dipper, or duck, the Scotch teal and the Wool-head. 1982 R. Elman Hunter's Field Guide (rev. ed.) 211 Scotch dipper, Scotch teal. Scotch elm n. the wych elm, Ulmus glabra; also called Scots elm. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elms > [noun] wycheOE elmc1000 ulm-treec1000 witch hazela1400 all-heart1567 ulme1567 white elm1580 wych elm1582 witchen1594 weeping elm1606 trench-elm1676 smooth-leaved elm1731 witch elm1731 water elm1733 slippery elm1748 Scotch elm1769 wahoo1770 American elm1771 red elm1805 witches' elm1808 moose elm1810 cork-elm1813 rock elm1817 swamp elm1817 planer tree1819 Jersey elm1838 winged elm1858 sand elm1878 Exeter-elm1882 1769 A. Dalrymple Hist. Coll. Voy. S. Pacific 21 It is sometimes larger than a man's leg, the back very rough, with deep scores, like the Scotch elm. 1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum III. 1399 The Scotch elm has not so upright a trunk as the English elm. 1901 A. O. Huntingdon Stud. Trees in Winter viii. 111 The Scotch elm, like the English elm, is extensively cultivated in the parks and gardens about Boston. 1997 M. Dirr Dirr's Hardy Trees 410/2 Ulmus glabra. Scotch Elm. Because of Dutch elm disease, elm leaf beetle, and general scruffiness, this species does not deserve planting. Scotch fir n. = Scots pine n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > fir-tree spurch1295 firc1381 fir-treea1382 mast tree1597 white fir1605 Scotch fir1673 silver fir1707 Scotchman1807 fir balsam1810 Alpine fir1819 deal treea1825 pinsapo1839 fir-pine1843 red fir1852 grand fir1874 mountain balsam1878 Shasta fir1897 Santa Lucia fir1905 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 85 Hortulanis nostris perperam the Scotch-Firre, i. e. Abies Scotica dicitur. 1789 A. Emmerich Culture of Forests xx. 78 There are three species of Needle Wood or Firs: the Norway Fir, the Scotch Fir, and the Silver Fir. 1832 Prize-ess. & Trans. Highland Soc. Scotl. 9 190 His gardener..thought proper, during the Duke's absence, to beet up with Scotch fir, as nurses to the larch. 1919 W. F. Beddoes Managem. Eng. Woodlands iv. 73 Scotch fir sells for a poor price, unless the wood has a cheap haulage to a colliery so that it can be sold for pit-props. 1988 Ambio 17 269 Although this new type of tree disease mainly affects the sessile oak, nevertheless, in several areas, the robur oak, alder, ash and the cultivated Scotch fir..are also affected. Scotch gale n. [ < Scotch adj. + gale n.¹] now rare bog myrtle, Myrica gale. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > myrtles > [noun] myrt?a1200 myrt-treea1382 mirtusc1384 myrtine?a1450 myrtle tree1548 myrtle1562 nerte1585 Australian tea1728 Bencoolen tea1728 New Zealand tea1728 Scotch gale1795 Callistemon1814 manuka1832 myrtal1846 mangrove-myrtle1847 swamp tea tree1862 lid-flower1866 Barringtonia1871 tea-broom1872 kanuka1906 myrtle-of-the-river1919 1795 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. XIV. 60 Near to the King's Well, in the same barony, is to be found what is called the Scotch-gale, a species of the myrtle. 1844 tr. C. V. P. d'Arlincourt Three Kingdoms II. iii. 105 This flower in Scotch Gale is a sort of myrtle that grows only by the waterside. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 451/2 Bog-myrtle is usually just myrtle; also gall, gale or Scotch gale. † Scotch geranium n. Obsolete rare herb Robert, Geranium robertianum. ΚΠ 1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names Scotch Geranium, Geranium Robertianum, L. Forf[arshire]. Scotch goose n. [after post-classical Latin anser scoticus brent or barnacle goose, (also) gannet (mid 17th cent.); compare earlier Scots goose n. at Scots adj. and n. Compounds 3] now chiefly historical either the barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis, or the brent goose, B. bernicla. ΚΠ a1682 Sir T. Browne Norfolk Birds in Notes & Lett. Nat. Hist. Norfolk (1902) 13 Scoch goose Anser scoticus. 1775 W. Hayes Nat. Hist. Brit. Birds 14 The Bernacle [or]..Scotch Goose. 1893 H. T. Cozens-Hardy Broad Norfolk (Eastern Daily Press) (ed. 2) 48 The old Scotch geese allers show up in hard frost, but 'aint they shy! 1958 L. Thorndike Hist. Magic & Exper. Sci. VIII. xxiv. 51 Robert Sibbald in his Scotia illustrata (..1684) again confuted the fable of Scotch geese. Scotch grass n. [probably after Scotland, the name of a district in Barbados] now rare any of several grasses cultivated as forage in tropical climates; esp. any of several grasses of the genus Urochloa (formerly included in Panicum), grown in Jamaica. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > non-British grasses > [noun] > American or West Indian man-grass1672 Scotch grass1707 ginger-grass1750 savannah grass1750 bottlebrush1798 rescue grass1853 ant rice1861 1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. p. xvii They are likewise fatted by Scotch Grass. 1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 133 Scotch Grass. This plant is cultivated, and thrives very luxuriantly in all the low and marshy lands of Jamaica. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 75/1 The Scotch grass grows with great luxuriance by the sides of the rivers [of Jamaica]. 1906 Q. Jrnl. (Inst. Commercial Res. Tropics) 1 80 The island [sc. Jamaica] seems to have open waste pastures and plenty of Guinea and Scotch grass, both well adapted for the feeding of cattle. Scotch grey n. †(a) a variety of potato with good keeping properties (obsolete); (b) (now rare) a variety of oat (also more fully † scotch grey oat); also in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > oats > oat plants pilcorn1283 aveyn1475 pillotes1551 pilled oats1578 naked oat1597 groats1669 pillez1764 oat1790 Scotch grey1798 turnip-oatsc1800 1798 J. Smith Gen. View Agric. Argyll vii. 88 The most common varieties of potato at present are, the Scotch-gray, the lady-white, and pink-eye. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 578 The blue oat..is suggested in Miller's Dictionary as the sort known to farmers under the title of Scotch Greys. 1848 Amer. Jrnl. Agric. & Sci. May 199 The Scotch Gray is an excellent potato, being heavy, firm, and not much inclined to decay. 1854 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 4) I. i. ii. 311 The old Scotch gray oat is the species most commonly cultivated. 1904 Jrnl. Dept. Agric. West. Austral. 9 448 Scotch Greys are very similar to the Red Skins, and they are regarded by many people as equal a cropper..to the latter. 1912 Exper. Station Rec. 1911 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 25 636 In a test of 4 varieties of oats, Scotch Grey produced the highest yield, 18 bu. and 30 lbs. Scotch heath n. either of two purple-flowered heathers found in western Europe, the bell heather, Erica cinerea, and the common heather, Calluna vulgaris; cf. Scotch heather n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > heather or heath and similar plants > [noun] heather1335 ling?c1357 heath1626 grig1691 bottle heath?1711 sea-heath1713 heather-bell1725 red heath?1788 Calluna1803 Scotch heath1822 Erica1826 winter heath1842 heathwort1847 heath-blooms1858 St. Dabeoc's heath1863 cat-heather1864 honey bottle1868 French heath1871 1822 Manch. Iris 9 Nov. 325/2 The flowers are a beautiful Scotch heath with red blossoms. 1867 T. Moore Brit. Wild Flowers 103 This very common and very beautiful plant, though it has been distinguished as the Scotch Heath, is by no means confined to that country. 1908 Jrnl. Hort. & Home Farmer 25 June 584/2 A dwarf, close-growing, bright crimson-flowered variety of the so-called Scotch Heath. 2003 L. Hill & N. Hill Flower Gardener's Bible 257/3 Scotch heath or bell heather (E. cinerea) blooms throughout the summer. Scotch heather n. any of several European heathers; esp. the common heather, Calluna vulgaris; cf. Scotch heath n. ΚΠ 1833 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 264 As strong partisans of Glenlivet, in preference to Innishowen—admiring our Scotch heather infinitely more than the Irish turf bog—we may have some reason to object to this decision. 1870 W. Robinson Alpine Flowers 208 There is the showy and beautiful Scotch Heather (Erica cinerea), always attractive in a wild state. 1946 Times 7 June 9/5 The Scotch heather (Calluna vulgaris), which does so well in gardens where the soil is on the moist side is even more prodigal in varieties than the true ericas. 2003 M. Kirton Dig 388/2 Scotch heather (Calluna vulgaris) is famous for its purple flowers, but the range also includes white and rose. Scotch kale n. a variety of kale with curled leaves; curly kale (cf. kale n. 1a). ΚΠ 1759 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 7) Brassica fimbriata Siberica... Siberian Borecole, called by some Scotch Kale. 1824 Cottager's Monthly Visitor Mar. 129 The next sort which I recommend, is the green borecole, or Scotch kale. This is a fine tall curley green. It is much cultivated in Oxfordshire. 1893 J. McVittie In Memoriam 191 We seldom hear o' guid Scotch kale Or Scottish haver brose. 1943 Times 22 Feb. 7/7 Scotch kale, 2s. to 2s. 9d. for 28lb. boxes. 2003 1000 Gardening Questions & Answers (N.Y. Times) 18 Don't overlook the ornamental effect of leafy vegetables. Scotch kale, to name one, is gorgeous—deep blue-green and heavily frilled. Scotch laburnum n. the laburnum Laburnum alpinum (see laburnum n. 1), which has long racemes of bright yellow flowers. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > laburnum > [noun] laburnum1567 awber1684 Scotch laburnum1776 pea tree1822 golden chain1825 gold chain1841 false ebony1892 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > laburnum as timber tree laburnum1567 awber1684 Scotch laburnum1776 pea tree1822 false ebony1892 1776 J. Kennedy Treat. Planting vi. 136 Laburnum (the Scotch) is one of the beautifullest trees of the forest kind. 1895 Meehan's Monthly Mar. 49/2 Travelers in Scotland and the North of England must have been struck with the great beauty of the Scotch Laburnum in the early spring time. 1935 Times 23 May 13/1 A spacious lawn is enclosed by yew hedges, against which the bloom of Scotch laburnum shows up to advantage. 2003 A. Paterson Trees for your Garden 127/1 As the flower racemes are short it [sc. the common laburnum] lacks the swaying grace of its close cousin the Scotch laburnum (L. alpinum). Scotch lilac n. now rare a cultivated variety of the common lilac, Syringa vulgaris, with dark purple flowers, first grown in Scotland. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > lilac and allied trees > syringal mock orange pipe1597 pipe tree1629 syringa1664 mock orange1731 seringa1740 Philadelphus1754 Scotch lilac1759 orange-flower tree1877 1759 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 7) at Syringa One of these [varieties] has white Flowers, one blue, and the third has purple Flowers; the latter is commonly known by the Title of Scotch Lilac. 1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum II. lxxv. 1209 The common purple Lilac; also called the Scotch Lilac, because it was first recorded in Sutherland's Catalogue of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. 1891 Entomologist's Rec. 1 247 During July I found the flowers of the Scotch lilac extremely attractive to some fairly good species. 1959 D. Bartrúm Lilac & Laburnum 74 The ‘Scotch Lilac’ was the appropriate common name chosen for it, and the plant was considered to be the most beautiful Lilac then in cultivation. Scotch lovage n. a kind of lovage, Ligusticum scotium, with clusters of small white flowers, found on salt marshes and rocky sea shores in northern Europe and parts of North America; also called sea parsley. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > lovage luvestichec1000 lovagec1300 libstick1688 Scotch lovage1731 Scotch parsley1774 smellage1836 sea-parsley1843 osha1889 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Ligusticum Scotch Lovage, with a Parsly Leaf. 1898 Bot. Gaz. 25 355 Few of them have showy blossoms, though the flowers of the beach pea (Lathyrus maritimus) and the Scotch lovage (Ligusticum Scoticum) are exceptions to this rule. 1943 M. L. Fernald & A. C. Kinsey Edible Wild Plants Eastern N. Amer. 295 In America Scotch Lovage has never come into general favor, but in the Hebrides and other maritime sections of Scotland it has long been used. 2004 H. Thurston Place between Tides 137 Bill identifies Scotch lovage or seaside celery, a species that in northern marshes marks the upper limit of the salt marsh. Scotch mercury n. Scottish (now rare) the foxglove, Digitalis purpurea; cf. mercury n. 10. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > foxglove and allied flowers > foxglove foxglovec1000 London button1552 wine-pot herb1552 finger1562 finger flower1562 lady's glove1575 foxter1623 fox-finger1657 fox1684 bloody finger1789 witch bell1808 fairy fingers1811 fairy thimble1813 dead men's bells1818 witches' thimbles1820 fairy bells1821 fairy glove1841 flap-dock1846 cow-flop1847 pop-glove1847 lady's thimble1853 Scotch mercury1853 poppy1856 fairy petticoats1864 finger root1870 fairy weed1871 pop-dock1878 witches' bells1884 1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 157 Digitalis purpurea..Fox-glove... Scotch Mercury. Wild Mercury.—Common. 1910 Encycl. Brit. X. at Foxglove In the south of Scotland it is called bloody fingers; farther north dead-men's-bells; and on the eastern borders, ladies' thimbles, wild mercury and Scotch mercury. Scotch parsley n. now rare = Scotch lovage n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > medicinal and culinary plants > medicinal and culinary plant or part of plant > [noun] > lovage luvestichec1000 lovagec1300 libstick1688 Scotch lovage1731 Scotch parsley1774 smellage1836 sea-parsley1843 osha1889 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 310 Ligusticum scoticum, Scotch parsley, or the shunis of this island [sc. the Hebrides]. 1812 R. J. Thornton Brit. Flora V. 18 Scotch Parsley or Lovage. It is sometimes eaten raw as a salad, or boiled as greens. The root is reckoned a good carminative. 1843 W. Baxter Brit. Phænogamous Bot. VI. 472 Ligusticum scoticum. Scotch Lovage. Scotch Parsley. Sea Parsley. 1977 R. Le Strange Hist. Herbal Plants 162/1 As a medicine only the aromatic roots of the Sea Lovage, also known as the Northern Lovage and Scotch Parsley, were prescribed. Scotch pine n. = Scots pine n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies pine treeeOE pineOE pine-nut treec1330 pineapplec1390 pineapple treea1398 mountain pine1597 pine1597 mountain pine1601 frankincense1611 rosin flower?1611 black pine1683 Scotch pine1706 yellow pine1709 Jersey pine1743 loblolly pine1760 mugoa1768 Scots pine1774 Scotch fir1777 arrow plant1779 scrub pine1791 Georgia pine1796 old field pine1797 tamarack1805 grey pine1810 pond pine1810 New Jersey pine1818 loblolly1819 Corsican pine1824 celery-top pine1827 toatoa1831 heavy-wooded pine1836 nut pine1845 celery pine1851 celery-topped pine1851 sugar-pine1853 western white pine1857 Jeffrey1858 Korean pine1858 lodge-pole pine1859 jack pine1863 whitebark pine1864 twisted pine1866 Monterey pine1868 tanekaha1875 chir1882 slash-pine1882 celery-leaved pine1883 knee-pine1884 knobcone pine1884 matsu1884 meadow pine1884 Alaska pine1890 limber pine1901 bristlecone pine1908 o-matsu1916 insignis1920 radiata1953 1706 J. Evelyn Silva (ed. 4) ii. iii. 139 There is also the Pinaster, another of the Wild-kind; but none of them exceeding the Spanish, call'd by us, the Scotch Pine, for its tall and erect growth. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxviii. 443 The most known [pine] among us is the Scotch Pine, or as it is vulgarly called Scotch Fir: this has two leaves in a sheath. 1838 J. C. Loudon Arboretum IV. cxiii. 2173 As a fuel, the wood of the Scotch pine lights easily, and burns with great rapidity; but it produces a black and very disagreeable smoke. 1900 H. L. Keeler Our Native Trees 464 The Scotch Pine or Fir as it is called in England is perfectly hardy throughout the north, where it is planted both as an ornamental tree in parks and as a windbreak on the prairies. 2008 New Yorker 23 June 60/1 As the painters were learning to crush hematite, and to sharpen embers of Scotch pine for their charcoal.., the last Neanderthals were still living. Scotch primrose n. now rare = Scottish primrose n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > primrose and allied flowers > primrose or auricula primrosea1425 primula1526 petty mullein1578 bear's ear1597 bear's ear sanicle1597 bird's eye1597 mountain cowslip1597 rock rose1597 French cowslip1629 auricula1655 polyanthusa1678 polyanth1757 Scotch primrose1777 plumrose1787 plumrock1789 bird's eye primrose1796 Chinese primrose1825 dusty miller1825 Jack-in-the-box1850 Jack in the green1875 polyanthus primrose1882 boar's-ears- 1777 W. Curtis Flora Londinensis I. Pl. 16 The white and the dingy purple, called by some the Scotch Primrose. 1863 M. Plues Rambles in Search of Wild Flowers 234 The Scotch Primrose (P. Scotica), is a still smaller plant, and its blossoms are of a deep purple, with yellow centres. 1907 Jrnl. Hort. & Home Farmer 18 July 58/1 Fearing he might say that the Scotch Primrose followed the reputation of the Scotchman, might be stubborn and not act, I sent..for English Primroses. Scotch rose n. a wild Eurasian rose, Rosa pimpinellifolia (formerly called R. spinosissima), or any of numerous cultivated varieties of it; also called burnet rose. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorn-tree or -bush > brier or wild rose-bush > [noun] brierc1000 eglaterea1400 eglantinec1400 hound's thornc1420 dogberry1527 dog-briar1530 sweet-briar1538 brier-bush1562 dog bramble1567 canker1582 dog rose1597 canker rose1606 dog-thorn1694 cynorrhodon1706 bramble-rose1713 Scotch rose1731 white dog rose1770 brier-rose1810 bull-brier1860 missionary1881 burnet-rose1884 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Rosa The strip'd Scotch Rose... The sixth Sort is found wild in Scotland. 1820 J. Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. London (1822) 4 281 The Scotch Rose has been, and still is, sometimes called the Burnet Rose; it is the Rosa spinosissima of the English authors. 1892 C. M. Yonge Old Woman's Outlook 161 The little thorny Scotch roses..are creeping over the cottages. 1951 Q. Rev. Biol. 26 295/1 The hedge roses, the shrub rose.., and the Scotch Rose (R[osa] spinosissima) are recommended. 2001 D. Squire Pruning Basics ii. 38 The Burnet rose..is also occasionally called the Scotch rose because of the many hybrids and varieties that were created and popularized by Scottish nurserymen. † Scotch scurvy-grass n. Obsolete = Scottish scurvy grass n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > bindweed or convolvulus woodbinec875 withwindc1000 bearbinda1325 bindweed1548 buckwheat1548 foalfoot1548 sea-cole1548 convolvulus1551 weedbind1551 soldanel1562 withweed1567 bindcorn1574 running buck1574 bind1575 ivy-bindweed1578 weedwind1578 windweed1578 withywind1578 nil1597 sea-bell1597 sea-bindweed1597 sea or Scottish scurvy-grass1597 sea-withwind1597 soldanella1597 ropeweed1598 bethwine1609 volubilis1664 Scotch scurvy-grassa1722 black bindweed1785 calystegia1880 sea convolvulus1921 bell-binder- a1722 J. Quincy tr. Dispensatory Royal Coll. Physicians London (1727) 341 Soldanella [Brasica marina] Scotch Scurvy-grass. 1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica II. Index Scotch Scurvy-grass. 1842 T. Andrew Cycl. Domest. Med. & Surg. 487/1 There is another plant.., the Soldanella, or Brassica Marina, sometimes called Scotch scurvy grass, which possesses very different virtues, from the common garden scurvy grass. Scotch teal n. U.S. regional the bufflehead (duck), Bucephala albeola; cf. Scotch dipper n., Scotchman n. 7. ΚΠ 1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 83 At Wilmington, N.C. [= North Carolina], Scotch-duck, Scotchman, Scotch-dipper, and Scotch-teal; the latter name being a favorite with hucksters, ‘Teal’ being always in demand. 1900 Birds & Nature 8 155 In the South some of the same names are heard.., the Scotch dipper, or duck, the Scotch teal and the Wool-head. 1982 R. Elman Hunter's Field Guide (rev. ed.) 211 Scotch dipper, Scotch teal. Scotch terrier n. = Scottish terrier n. at Scottish adj. and n. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > terrier > [noun] > Scottish Scotch terrier1809 Scottish terrier1815 Aberdeen terrier1880 Aberdeen1882 Scotty1882 die-hard1900 1809 W. Bingley Mem. Brit. Quadrupeds i. 84 A little Scotch Terrier.., after hearing a stone thrown out of a window, in a perfectly dark night, would..never fail to return with the same stone in his mouth. 1889 H. Dalziel Brit. Dogs (ed. 2) II. 363 Such are the Dandie Dinmont, the Skye, and the Aberdeen Terrier, the latter now merged in the class recognised at our shows as the Scotch Terrier. 1927 E. C. Ash Dogs: their Hist. & Devel. II. ii. 422 Two kinds of terriers are described—the rough-haired Scotch and the smooth-haired English. 1995 Jrnl. Mod. Lit. 19 195 Antonia had once kept and doted on a Scotch terrier named, with numbing predictability, Jock. Scotch thistle n. any of several thistles considered to be that used as the emblem of Scotland, variously identified as the spear thistle ( Cirsium vulgare), the musk thistle ( Carduus nutans), the cotton thistle ( Onopordum acanthium), and other similar plants; cf. thistle n. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > thistles thistlec725 carduea1398 wolf's-thistlea1400 cardoona1425 wolf-thistle1526 cotton-thistle1548 gum-thistle1548 oat thistle1548 black chameleon1551 ixia1551 Saint Mary thistle1552 milk thistle1562 cow-thistle1565 bedeguar1578 carline1578 silver thistle1578 white chameleon1578 globe thistle1582 ball thistle1597 down thistle1597 friar's crown1597 lady's thistle1597 gummy thistle1598 man's blood1601 musk thistle1633 melancholy thistle1653 Scotch thistle1660 boar-thistle1714 spear- thistle1753 gentle thistle1760 woolly thistle1760 wool-thistle1769 bur-thistlea1796 Canada thistle1796 pine thistle1807 plume thistle1814 melancholy plume thistle1825 woolly-headed thistle1843 dog thistle1845 dwarf thistle1846 welted thistle1846 pixie glove1858 Mexican thistle1866 Syrian thistle1866 bull thistle1878 fish belly1878 fish-bone-thistle1882 green thistle1882 herringbone thistle1884 Californian thistle1891 winged thistle1915 fish-thistles- 1660 J. M. D. Lawson Upon Blessed Return Gracious Sovreign King Charles II (single sheet) Let the Scotch Thistle yield up all her down, To ease the Travels of the tossed Crown. 1705 tr. A. Cowley Plants in Wks. (1711) III. 367 Whilst the Scotch Thistle, with audacious Pride, Taking Advantage, gores your bleeding Side. 1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 240 The handsome Cotton Thistle..is often cultivated under the name of the Scotch Thistle. 1905 Countryside 16 Sept. 285/1 It [sc. the musk thistle] is often referred to as the Scotch thistle, which it is not, this honour falling to the lot of the commonest of all the British thistles, Onopordom acanthium. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 355/2 Spear thistle, Cirsium vulgare, a common tall and upright thistle of cultivated and grazing land, is the most likely candidate for the true ‘Scotch thistle’. Derivatives ˈScotch-like adj. and adv. ΚΠ 1701 London Gaz. No. 3708/1 A fawning Scotch-like Tone. 1851 Eclectic Mag. Apr. 446/1 That flock..with Scotch-like alacrity, turned up and marked in their Bibles every text which he quoted. 1879 Manitoba Daily Free Press 3 Dec. Scotch like, they persevered and returned again and again to the land granted them by Lord Selkirk. 1903 World's Work Nov. 637/1 In some of the quarries this Scotch-like economy of materials is carried yet one step further. 1957 R. H. Holder McIver of N. Carolina 39 Scotch-like, he thought of the church. 2008 Edmonton (Alberta) Jrnl. (Nexis) 27 Apr. g8 This rum has..a complex nose of confectioner's sugar, banana and cedar... Some scotch-like peaty overtones. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). scotchv.¹ Brit. /skɒtʃ/, U.S. /skɑtʃ/ Forms: late Middle English schoche, late Middle English scocch, late Middle English scocche, late Middle English scoche, late Middle English skocche, late Middle English–1500s skoche, 1500s scotche, 1500s–1600s skotch, 1500s– scotch, 1600s scatch. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French escocher. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman escocher, eschocher to pierce (skin) (c1193) < escoche notch (c1190) < es- es- prefix + Old French coche notch (see cock n.⁹). Compare Old French cochier to make a notch (c1307; Middle French French cocher). 1. a. transitive. To make an incision or incisions in (esp. the flesh); to cut, score, gash. Formerly also †intransitive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)] snithec725 carvec1000 cutc1275 slitc1275 hag1294 ritc1300 chop1362 slash1382 cut and carvea1398 flash?a1400 flish?a1400 slenda1400 race?a1425 raise?a1425 razea1425 scotch?c1425 ochec1440 slitec1450 ranch?a1525 scorchc1550 scalp1552 mincea1560 rash?1565 beslash1581 fent1589 engrave1590 nick1592 snip1593 carbonado1596 rescide1598 skice1600 entail1601 chip1609 wriggle1612 insecate1623 carbonate1629 carbonade1634 insecta1652 flick1676 sneg1718 snick1728 slot1747 sneck1817 tame1847 bite- ?c1425 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Royal 17 D.vi) (1860) 134 Withe his nailes cracched he his face, And skocched [a1450 Harl. 4866 scocched] it withe knyves and torent. c1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 101 (MED) Schoche him [sc. the fish] by þe hede in þe backe..And skoche him in two or iij peces in þe bak, but noȝt thorgh. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 46^v If ye will haue the iuice, ye must scotche & pryck the rootes in many places. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 31 How euer ye skotch [1580 scotch], saue pole and crotch. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xliii. 131 They haue well skotched it [sc. the deer-skin] with their wood-kniues, that the houndes may the more easily teare off the fleshe. 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden Ep. Ded. sig. C3^v I..will deliuer him to thee to be scotcht and carbonadoed. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. iv. v. 74 Thus many creekes doth scotch and cut Peloponnesus. 1673 Gentlewomans Compan. 129 Scotch with your knife the back of the Carp. 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 33 When you have clear'd the Pig of both [skin and hair], scotch him down to the Bones. 1790 J. Wolcot Compl. Epist. to Bruce 230, in Wks. (1812) II. 166 Nor Scotch'd with fleams a sceptered Lady's hide. 1805 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 3) III. 192 If..they [sc. dace] are scotched and broiled, they are said to be even more palatable than a Herring. 1874 A. Austin Tower of Babel iv. v. 184 I want my spear; The same that..hath In many a foray split the raging boar, And to the jungle sent the hyæna scotched! 1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. IV. xvi. 217 Cruithni other bands Are named; for birds' and beasts' similitudes, Seen scotcht in their tough flesh, or prickt, with woad. 1921 J. Dos Passos Three Soldiers vi. iii. 402 ‘Say, is your face badly cut up, Al?’ ‘No, it's just scotched, skin's off; looks like beefsteak, I reckon.’ b. transitive. In conjunction with notch. Cf. out of all scotch and notch at scotch n.¹ Phrases. Now rare.Chiefly after or with reference to Shakespeare: see quot. a1616.In quot. 1798 with reference to a game of real tennis, perhaps in relation to scoring (cf. notch v. 1b). ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. v. 191 He scotcht him, and notcht him like a Carbinado. View more context for this quotation 1631 J. Mabbe tr. F. de Rojas Spanish Bawd xvii. 178 If any man shall giue you true notice, I will be content that hee shall scotch and notch me for a foole. 1720 J. Dennis Invader of his Country iv. i. 56 What if I did say Cudgel the General?..Did not he Scotch him and Notch him like a Certonedo? 1798 F. Burney Let. 20 Mar. (1973) IV. 26 They play all day at tennis, and learn with vast skill to notch and scotch and go one. 1846 R. Sulivan King's Friend ii. ii. 31 I have been notched and scotched like a crimped cod fish. 1893 Critic (N.Y.) 30 Dec. 430/2 The proof- sheets of the ‘Enoch Arden’ volume,..scotched and notched with Tennyson's manuscript emendations. 1976 M. Long Unnatural Scene iii. 61 The scotching, notching and broiling of Rome and its wars. 2. a. transitive. To render (something dangerous or undesirable) temporarily harmless or less harmful, without destroying it completely. Originally and frequently in the snake is scotched, but not killed and variants (see note).After Theobald's reading of Macbeth iii. ii. 13 (see quot. 1726). The word was previously rendered scorch'd, as it appears in the First Folio; subsequent (esp. 19th-cent.) editions of Shakespeare often use scotch'd, though modern scholars usually prefer scorch'd. Cf. scorch v.³ ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > make safe or not dangerous > make harmless unarm1569 to file (one's) teeth1599 cicurate1606 disenvenoma1711 scotch1726 defang1919 neutralize1937 sterilize1939 declaw1940 recuperate1967 1726 L. Theobald Shakespeare Restored App. 186 If I am not deceiv'd therefore, our Poet certainly wrote thus; We have scotch'd the Snake, not kill'd it. She'll close, and be her self. 1759 S. Fielding Hist. Countess of Dellwyn II. iv. ii. 158 The Snake was scotched, but not killed. 1798 E. Cooke Let. 19 Mar. in Ld. Auckland Jrnl. & Corr. (1862) III. 393 I fear relaxation and too much clemency; but the snake must be killed not scotched. 1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) iii. ii. 85 Would that the hour were come! We will not scotch, But kill. 1843 G. W. Le Fevre Life Trav. Physician II. ii. viii. 279 The malaria is scotched, not killed, and the intermittent returns at some future period. 1879 C. Merivale Four Lect. Early Church Hist. ii. 86 It was by Augustine most of all that the Arian heresy was scotched, if not actually killed. 1913 H. A. Jones Found. National Drama xiii. 214 The [Oxford] movement was thought to be killed. But it was only scotched, and it is the one operative force in the English Church to-day. 1941 ‘N. Blake’ Case of Abominable Snowman xxii. 250 That wasn't enough for Andrew. He wanted the snake killed, not scotched. It was partly his personal hatred for the man. 1996 Cycle Touring & Campaigning Apr. 25/4 So far, the snake has been scotched, not killed. b. transitive. To crush, stamp out (something dangerous or undesirable). ΚΠ 1825 Q. Rev. 32 277 If we, in our own language, were to scotch the insidious forgetfulness, we might, perhaps, be accused of ‘coarse and insulting abuse’. 1880 A. H. Huth Life & Writings H. T. Buckle I. iii. 189 Attempting to scotch the pestiferous germs of heresy. 1908 Expositor Dec. 527 Fanaticism which constitutes a danger to mankind should be scotched. 1978 T. Garvey Bones of Contention ii. 24 A political police force charged with scotching seditious activities was a long-established feature of the Russian state. 1999 P. Gregory Virgin Earth 543 More particular were the thanks of the Quakers who came under his protection while he scotched the last of the royalist rebellions. c. transitive. To put an end to, bring to nothing, quash; to refute conclusively (a rumour, report, etc.); to frustrate (a plan or hope).Perhaps influenced by scotch v.² 3c. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > crush, stifle, or overwhelm (feelings, etc.) shendOE whelvec1000 allayOE ofdrunkenc1175 quenchc1175 quashc1275 stanchc1315 quella1325 slockena1340 drenchc1374 vanquishc1380 stuffa1387 daunt?a1400 adauntc1400 to put downa1425 overwhelmc1425 overwhelvec1450 quatc1450 slockc1485 suppressa1500 suffocate1526 quealc1530 to trample under foot1530 repress1532 quail1533 suppress1537 infringe1543 revocate1547 whelm1553 queasom1561 knetcha1564 squench1577 restinguish1579 to keep down1581 trample1583 repel1592 accable1602 crush1610 to wrestle down?1611 chokea1616 stranglea1616 stifle1621 smother1632 overpower1646 resuppress1654 strangulate1665 instranglea1670 to choke back, down, in, out1690 to nip or crush in the bud1746 spiflicate1749 squasha1777 to get under1799 burke1835 to stamp out1851 to trample down1853 quelch1864 to sit upon ——1864 squelch1864 smash1865 garrotte1878 scotch1888 douse1916 to drive under1920 stomp1936 stultify1958 1888 J. B. Mackie Life & Work D. McLaren II. xviii. 97 Mr. McLaren delivered a speech which ‘scotched’ the measure with facts and arguments. 1898 Dublin Rev. Oct. 450 The Catholic Truth Society has much work to do in tracing out and scotching these lies. 1926 in H. W. Fowler Dict. Mod. Eng. Usage 518/2 We hope the proposal for a Government news service for the Colonies is finally scotched by the debate. 1966 Listener 2 June 792/2 The closing words of his book firmly scotch any hope we may have of evading the central question. 1976 Australian 30 June 1/7 The Prime Minister..is to meet the Russian Ambassador..next month to scotch reports of a serious rift in Soviet–Australian relations. 2008 ‘N. Roberts’ Tribute xiv. 201 They wanted to have a welcome-back party... I scotched that. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). scotchv.² Brit. /skɒtʃ/, U.S. /skɑtʃ/ Forms: 1600s–1700s skatch, 1600s– scotch. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain; apparently related to scotch n.² (compare discussion at that entry) and perhaps also to scote v. (compare also discussion at that entry). The order of development of the senses is also uncertain; compare also discussion at scotch n.² 1. a. intransitive. To hesitate at or to do something; to demur. Now English regional (Cheshire and East Anglian).Chiefly in negative contexts. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)] bargain1525 hucka1529 hucker1548 dodge1568 blockc1570 pelt1579 hack1587 haggle1589 to beat the bargain1591 to beat the market1591 huckster1593 niffera1598 badger1600 scotch1601 palter1611 cheapen1620 higgle1633 tig-tag1643 huckle1644 chaffer1693 chaffer1725 dicker1797 niffer1815 Jew1825 hacker1833 banter1835 higgle-haggle1841 hondle1921 wheel and deal1961 the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > hesitate or scruple at [verb (transitive)] to make bones of1520 to stick at ——1525 scotch1601 fear1603 to strain at1609 to stand at ——1632 1601 A. Dent Plaine Mans Path-way to Heauen 83 For when [men] come to giuing vnto holy and necessarie vses, then they will sticke at a penny, and scotch at a groat, and euery thing is too much. 1627 J. Carter Plaine Expos. Serm. in Mount 47 He will have vs value our humilitie, loyaltie, and pliablenesse to the higher powers..at so high a rate, as to scotch at no hardship, to give them, or their assignes, iust content. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) I did not scotch to tell him my mind. 1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire He scotches at nowt. b. intransitive. Of a horse: to start back or to the side suddenly; to shy. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > shy start?a1513 skeigh1513 startle1576 flounder1592 shy1796 scotch1832 nap1953 starter pack1955 1832 Sporting Mag. Apr. 445/2 When at the bank his horse scotched, over his head went the rider, horse following. 1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life II. 216 Soon after he [sc. a racehorse] started he began to scotch, and was on the point of stopping to kick. 1927 G. Brooke Horse Lovers xvi. 229 His horse scotched at the last second, nearly slid into the ditch, and floundered on landing. 2004 E. Kelton Jericho's Road iv. 68 I had him in my sights once, but my horse scotched and I missed. †2. intransitive. To haggle with a person for something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement [verb (intransitive)] > negotiate driveOE treat1297 chaffer1377 broke1496 hucka1529 capitulate1537 hack1587 haggle1589 huckster1593 negotiate1598 to stand out1606 palter1611 to drive a hard bargaina1628 priga1628 scotch1627 prig1632 higgle1633 to dodge it1652 to beat a (the) bargain1664 1627 J. Carter Plaine Expos. Serm. in Mount 81 God hath giuen the greater,..wherefore out of question, hee will not scotch with vs for the lesse. 3. a. transitive. To block or wedge (a wheel, gate, etc.) so as to prevent it from moving or slipping. Also with up. Now chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stop the movement of > by blocking or wedging coin1580 cog1635 stick1635 quoin1637 scotch1642 sufflaminate1656 choke1712 chock1726 jam1851 sprag1878 snibble1880 cotch1925 the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > cease to move or become motionless > be arrested or intercepted in progress > by blocking or wedging wedge1726 jam1885 scotch1898 1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. xiii. 101 Hedges and counterhedges..serve for barracadoes, and will stick as birdlime in the wings of the horse, and scotch the wheeling about of the foot. 1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant i. i. 2 Then will I first scotch the Wheels of it, that it may not run. 1757 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lancs. Dial. (ed. 6) Gloss. sig. G3 To scotch a wheel, is to lay a stay under it. 1800 M. Edgeworth Basket-woman in Parent's Assistant (ed. 3) V. 14 He scotched the wheels of one carriage, then of another. 1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (1862) 125 2 has charge of the..skidding, scotches the wheels. 1866 Cornhill Mag. Sept. 323 Near most of the gates that would have had to be opened, a stone was lying, as if it had been used to ‘scotch’ it. 1898 A. Ansted Dict. Sea Terms (at cited word) To be scotched up is to be supported, as a boat may be when propped or ‘scotched up’ against a quay by timber shores or legs. 1927 E. H. Bostock Menageries, Circuses & Theatres (1972) vi. 52 Thereupon I scotched the wheel, and after a moment's breath had the team on the move again. 2009 R. Sanborn in W. van Meter Bluegrass xi. 72 What I didn't do is ‘scotch’ the door, put a wedge underneath the door. b. transitive. figurative. to scotch the wheels (also wheel) (of): to obstruct or block the progress of; to render inoperative or ineffective. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > check (in) a course of action stanchc1315 arrestc1374 checka1400 stem?c1450 stay1525 to take up1530 rebate1532 suspend1565 nip1575 countercheck1590 to nip in the bud1590 to clip the wings ofa1593 to nip in (also by, on) the head (also neck, pate)1594 trasha1616 to scotch the wheels of1648 spike1687 spoke1854 to pull up1861 1648 T. Hill Olive Branch 29 If now jealousies and misunderstandings should creep in, and scotch the wheel. 1713 M. Henry Disc. Meekness (1822) 141 Abigail prudently scotched the wheels of his passion. 1844 R. W. Emerson New Eng. Reformers in Ess. 2nd Ser. 277 Stop, dear nature, these incessant advances of thine; let us scotch these ever-rolling wheels. 1914 J. C. Maple & R. P. Rider Missouri Baptist Biogr. I. 94 This..did not scotch the wheels of denominational enterprises, but did somewhat retard their onward movement. 2006 M. Gaddis Zip Zap xxxiii. 303 Minutes turned hours when we wanted to scotch the wheels of time. c. transitive. figurative. = sense 3b. Now rare.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from scotch v.¹ 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > thwart or foil false?c1225 confoundc1315 blenk?a1400 matea1400 interrupt1464 blench1485 fruster?a1513 frustrate?a1513 infatuate1533 disappoint1545 prevent1555 foila1564 blank1566 thwart1581 confute1589 dispurpose1607 shorten1608 foola1616 vain1628 balk1635 throwa1650 scotch1654 bafflea1674 crossbar1680 transverse1770 tomahawk1773 throttle1825 wreck1855 stultify1865 derail1889 to pull the plug1923 rank1924 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 500 Others..have none drunk but such as will scotch a Cart; a largnesse, I believe, allowed to Scotch that Propensity to censure which many have. 1876 L. Stephen Hist. Eng. Thought 18th Cent. I. 33 The name of Spinozism was of course dreaded by them [sc. the Deists]; they take care both to avoid the imputation, and to make it undeserved by carefully scotching their logic. 1897 ‘O. Rhoscomyl’ For White Rose Arno (U.K. ed.) 163 I scotched the project of retreat for this council, at any rate. 1917 A. Marshall Upsidonia xxvii. 257 You don't think that the police will be strong enough to scotch the movement,before it grows? Derivatives † scotcher n. Obsolete rare a thing used to scotch a wheel. ΚΠ 1800 M. Edgeworth Basket-woman in Parent's Assistant (ed. 3) V. 8 ‘I call this thing my scotcher,’ said Paul, ‘because I always scotch the wheels with it.’ 1893 F. Hill & C. Hill Autobiogr. 50 Years in Times of Reform ix. 178 He..forced the horse down upon the ground, and thus made a scotcher of its body. The coach reeled and stopped. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1450n.²1601adj.n.³1407v.¹?c1425v.²1601
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scotchn.1

Phrases

Compounds

scotchn.2

Scotchadj.n.3

Compounds

Derivatives

scotchv.1

scotchv.2

Derivatives

scotchn.¹

scotchn.²

Scotchadj.n.³

scotchv.¹

scotchv.²