Birminghamn.

Brit.

/ˈbəːmɪŋəm/, U.S.

/ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Birmingham.

Etymology: < Birmingham, the name of a city in the west midlands of England (see discussion at Brummagem adj. and n.). Compare slightly earlier Brummagem n. 1, anti-Birmingham n.

Now historical.

1. depreciative. A nickname for: a supporter of the Exclusion Bill in 1680, which sought to prevent James, Duke of York, Charles II's brother, from succeeding to the crown, on the grounds of his being a Roman Catholic; an exclusionist, a Whig (Whig n.² 2a). Cf. Brummagem n. 1, anti-Birmingham n. Now rare.For the semantic motivation of this sense see etymological note at Brummagem adj. and n. and cf. quot. 1849.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Whiggism > a Whig > as supporting Exclusion Bill

Whig1678

Brummagem1681

Birmingham1682

Teckelite1683

1682 M. Taubman Heroick Poem 2 Let 'em boast of loyal Birminghams and true, And with these make up their Kirk of Separation, We have honest Tory Tom, and Dick, and Hugh, Will drink on, and do more service for the Nation.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 343 In allusion to their spurious groats, the Tory party had fixed on demagogues who hypocritically affected zeal against popery, the nickname of Birminghams.

1858 G. W. Thornbury in National Mag. 3 20/1 The Whigs, the Birminghams, the Patchmen, and the Exclusionists looked upon him as a deity.

1948 E. O. Lorimer tr. A. Beljame Men of Lett. & Eng. Public in 18th Cent. ii. 140 There were in England neither neighbours, nor friends, nor colleagues, nor families; there were only Petitioners (also known as Exclusionists or Birminghams) and Abhorrers (also called Anti-Birminghams, Yorkists, Irish, Bogtrotters or Tantivies).

2. attributive.

a. Designating a counterfeit coin made in or associated with Birmingham, as Birmingham groat, Birmingham shilling, etc. Cf. Brummagem adj. 1.

ΚΠ

1695 W. Lowndes Further Ess. Amendm. Gold & Silver Coins 16 All Birmingham Moneys shall be brought into the Mint by a prescrib'd Time, and a Fund settled to answer the defect of it.

1762 London Evening-post 30 Jan. If in taking Change for a Guinea there should be twenty Birmingham Shillings, the remaining Shilling will have the same intrinsic Value.

1816 Q. Rev. Apr. 219 The evil of the old Birmingham halfpence, or the present generation of Irish shillings.

1890 North-Eastern Daily Gaz. 28 June At this time the Birmingham shilling was current, and he used the following precaution to avoid the imposition of a bad one.

1949 Numismatic Lit. No. 7. 227 Chief among them [sc. the coins circulating in colonial Pennsylvania] were the Spanish milled dollar..and the English halfpenny (with its Birmingham counterfeits) for small change.

2009 T. Levenson Newton & Counterfeiter v. 51 Such coins were called Birmingham groats, testimony to the enthusiasm with which the city's metalworkers embraced the craft.

b. Designating (esp. cheap, mass-produced) hardware, jewellery, or other metalwork manufactured in or associated with Birmingham, as Birmingham goods, Birmingham ware, etc.

ΚΠ

1720 M. Clare Youth's Introd. Trade & Business 42 Spring Door Locks with hinges 19 at 4:3 each..Birmingham Brass Locks 30 at 7:6.

1721 London Jrnl. 25 Nov. 5/1 (advt.) Several Parcels of Birmingham Wares and Toys of divers sorts, are to be disposed of.

1744 Gen. Advertiser 30 June Sundry London, Sheffield, and Birmingham Goods, consisting of several Thousand Dozen of Buckles, Buttons, Razors.., Snuff-Boxes, [etc.].

1837 E. Saunders Advice on Care of Teeth 90 An experiment has been lately made of manufacturing preparations..in a sort of wholesale way, at a cheap rate, like Birmingham jewellery.

1885 Brit. Trade Jrnl. Jan. 33/1 Among the latest novelties in Birmingham goods are a bracelet to retail for one penny.

1906 McClure's Mag. Oct. 641/1 They had..purchased ‘curios’—Indian silks, Javanese knives, Birmingham metalwork, and what not.

1939 Financial Times 11 July 8/4 The delegates [from Sweden] expressed their anxiety to buy Birmingham goods.

2012 A. Burton & J. Tann M. Boulton iii. 23 The family mercantile business..continued for the sale of Birmingham wares.

c. figurative and in extended use. depreciative. With the sense ‘fake, not genuine; cheap, showy, imitation’. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective]

counterfeitedc1385

counterfeitc1386

trothlessa1393

bastard1397

forged1484

apocryphate1486

adulterate?a1509

mockisha1513

sophisticate1531

adulterine1542

adulterous1547

mock1548

forbate1558

coined1582

firking1594

feigned1598

adulterated1610

apocryphal1612

spurious1615

usurpeda1616

impostured1619

mock-madea1625

suppository1641

affictitious1656

pasteboard1659

sophisticated1673

flam1678

Brummagem1679

sham1681

belieda1718

fictitious1739

Birmingham1785

pinchbeck1790

brummish1803

Brum1805

flash1812

spurious1830

bogus1839

imitative1839

dummy1846

doctored1853

postiche1854

pseudo1854

Brummagemish1855

snide1859

inauthentic1860

fake1879

bum1884

Brummie1886

tin1886

filled1887

duff1889

faked1890

shicec1890

margarine1891

dud1904

Potemkin village1904

mocked-up1919

phoney baloney1936

four-flushing1942

bodgie1956

moody1958

disauthentic1960

bodgied1988

bodgied-up1988

1785 J. Atkinson Mutual Deception v. ii. 90 Zounds..! Have I married a Birmingham-counterfeit..trickt out in her lady's wardrobe.

1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Pref. p. x Some persons.., though they..seldom or ever afford one particle of real wit or science.., run erratic into a Birmingham brilliancy of language.

1828 T. De Quincey Elements Rhetoric in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 890/1 The Greek Fathers are, one and all, mere Birmingham rhetoricians.

1836 C. Sinclair Mod. Accomplishm. i. 17 I can tell what true religion is... Yours is a mere Birmingham imitation, which one would be ashamed to wear.

1859 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 29 Apr. 5/5 It is not whether we are to have any Reform or none, but in fact, whether we are to have Birmingham Reform or real Reform.

1949 G. A. Woodcock Paradox O. Wilde (1950) xi. 241 Wilde..had spoilt..his Poems in Prose by sheer Birmingham bad taste of over elaboration.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	birmingham
释义	Birminghamn. Brit. /ˈbəːmɪŋəm/, U.S. /ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Birmingham. Etymology: < Birmingham, the name of a city in the west midlands of England (see discussion at Brummagem adj. and n.). Compare slightly earlier Brummagem n. 1, anti-Birmingham n. Now historical. 1. depreciative. A nickname for: a supporter of the Exclusion Bill in 1680, which sought to prevent James, Duke of York, Charles II's brother, from succeeding to the crown, on the grounds of his being a Roman Catholic; an exclusionist, a Whig (Whig n.² 2a). Cf. Brummagem n. 1, anti-Birmingham n. Now rare.For the semantic motivation of this sense see etymological note at Brummagem adj. and n. and cf. quot. 1849. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Whiggism > a Whig > as supporting Exclusion Bill Whig1678 Brummagem1681 Birmingham1682 Teckelite1683 1682 M. Taubman Heroick Poem 2 Let 'em boast of loyal Birminghams and true, And with these make up their Kirk of Separation, We have honest Tory Tom, and Dick, and Hugh, Will drink on, and do more service for the Nation. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 343 In allusion to their spurious groats, the Tory party had fixed on demagogues who hypocritically affected zeal against popery, the nickname of Birminghams. 1858 G. W. Thornbury in National Mag. 3 20/1 The Whigs, the Birminghams, the Patchmen, and the Exclusionists looked upon him as a deity. 1948 E. O. Lorimer tr. A. Beljame Men of Lett. & Eng. Public in 18th Cent. ii. 140 There were in England neither neighbours, nor friends, nor colleagues, nor families; there were only Petitioners (also known as Exclusionists or Birminghams) and Abhorrers (also called Anti-Birminghams, Yorkists, Irish, Bogtrotters or Tantivies). 2. attributive. a. Designating a counterfeit coin made in or associated with Birmingham, as Birmingham groat, Birmingham shilling, etc. Cf. Brummagem adj. 1. ΚΠ 1695 W. Lowndes Further Ess. Amendm. Gold & Silver Coins 16 All Birmingham Moneys shall be brought into the Mint by a prescrib'd Time, and a Fund settled to answer the defect of it. 1762 London Evening-post 30 Jan. If in taking Change for a Guinea there should be twenty Birmingham Shillings, the remaining Shilling will have the same intrinsic Value. 1816 Q. Rev. Apr. 219 The evil of the old Birmingham halfpence, or the present generation of Irish shillings. 1890 North-Eastern Daily Gaz. 28 June At this time the Birmingham shilling was current, and he used the following precaution to avoid the imposition of a bad one. 1949 Numismatic Lit. No. 7. 227 Chief among them [sc. the coins circulating in colonial Pennsylvania] were the Spanish milled dollar..and the English halfpenny (with its Birmingham counterfeits) for small change. 2009 T. Levenson Newton & Counterfeiter v. 51 Such coins were called Birmingham groats, testimony to the enthusiasm with which the city's metalworkers embraced the craft. b. Designating (esp. cheap, mass-produced) hardware, jewellery, or other metalwork manufactured in or associated with Birmingham, as Birmingham goods, Birmingham ware, etc. ΚΠ 1720 M. Clare Youth's Introd. Trade & Business 42 Spring Door Locks with hinges 19 at 4:3 each..Birmingham Brass Locks 30 at 7:6. 1721 London Jrnl. 25 Nov. 5/1 (advt.) Several Parcels of Birmingham Wares and Toys of divers sorts, are to be disposed of. 1744 Gen. Advertiser 30 June Sundry London, Sheffield, and Birmingham Goods, consisting of several Thousand Dozen of Buckles, Buttons, Razors.., Snuff-Boxes, [etc.]. 1837 E. Saunders Advice on Care of Teeth 90 An experiment has been lately made of manufacturing preparations..in a sort of wholesale way, at a cheap rate, like Birmingham jewellery. 1885 Brit. Trade Jrnl. Jan. 33/1 Among the latest novelties in Birmingham goods are a bracelet to retail for one penny. 1906 McClure's Mag. Oct. 641/1 They had..purchased ‘curios’—Indian silks, Javanese knives, Birmingham metalwork, and what not. 1939 Financial Times 11 July 8/4 The delegates [from Sweden] expressed their anxiety to buy Birmingham goods. 2012 A. Burton & J. Tann M. Boulton iii. 23 The family mercantile business..continued for the sale of Birmingham wares. c. figurative and in extended use. depreciative. With the sense ‘fake, not genuine; cheap, showy, imitation’. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > [adjective] counterfeitedc1385 counterfeitc1386 trothlessa1393 bastard1397 forged1484 apocryphate1486 adulterate?a1509 mockisha1513 sophisticate1531 adulterine1542 adulterous1547 mock1548 forbate1558 coined1582 firking1594 feigned1598 adulterated1610 apocryphal1612 spurious1615 usurpeda1616 impostured1619 mock-madea1625 suppository1641 affictitious1656 pasteboard1659 sophisticated1673 flam1678 Brummagem1679 sham1681 belieda1718 fictitious1739 Birmingham1785 pinchbeck1790 brummish1803 Brum1805 flash1812 spurious1830 bogus1839 imitative1839 dummy1846 doctored1853 postiche1854 pseudo1854 Brummagemish1855 snide1859 inauthentic1860 fake1879 bum1884 Brummie1886 tin1886 filled1887 duff1889 faked1890 shicec1890 margarine1891 dud1904 Potemkin village1904 mocked-up1919 phoney baloney1936 four-flushing1942 bodgie1956 moody1958 disauthentic1960 bodgied1988 bodgied-up1988 1785 J. Atkinson Mutual Deception v. ii. 90 Zounds..! Have I married a Birmingham-counterfeit..trickt out in her lady's wardrobe. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Pref. p. x Some persons.., though they..seldom or ever afford one particle of real wit or science.., run erratic into a Birmingham brilliancy of language. 1828 T. De Quincey Elements Rhetoric in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 890/1 The Greek Fathers are, one and all, mere Birmingham rhetoricians. 1836 C. Sinclair Mod. Accomplishm. i. 17 I can tell what true religion is... Yours is a mere Birmingham imitation, which one would be ashamed to wear. 1859 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 29 Apr. 5/5 It is not whether we are to have any Reform or none, but in fact, whether we are to have Birmingham Reform or real Reform. 1949 G. A. Woodcock Paradox O. Wilde (1950) xi. 241 Wilde..had spoilt..his Poems in Prose by sheer Birmingham bad taste of over elaboration. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1682
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