blackmailn.

Brit.

/ˈblakmeɪl/, U.S.

/ˈblækˌmeɪl/

Forms: see black adj. and n. and mail n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., mail n.¹

Etymology: < black adj. + mail n.¹ in its specific sense ‘rent, tribute’. With sense 2 compare earlier white rent n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1f, and see the definition note at that sense.Post-classical Latin reditus nigri , redditus nigri (plural) appears to have been invented by Coke after redditus albi white rent (see quot. 1642). He seems to have interpreted white rent as all rent paid in money, and to have invented a contrasting category for rent paid in kind. In the following quot. blackmail derives < black adj. + mail n.⁴, and appears to denote copper rather than silver money:1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 205 Black money (what that was I know not, if it were not of Copper, as Maile and Black-maile).

a. A tribute levied on farmers in Scotland and the border counties of England by freebooting Scottish chiefs in return for protection or immunity from plunder. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > protection money

black rent1423

blackmail1530

protection money1703

protection rent1860

Danegeld1911

juice1935

ice1951

1530 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. i. 145 Adam Scot of Tuschelaw, convicted of art and part of theftuously taking black-maill..from John Brovne of Hoprow.

1567 Scot. Act Jas. VI (1597) xxi Diuers subjects of the Inland, takis and sittis vnder their assurance, payand them black-maill, and permittand them to reif, herrie, and oppresse their Nichtbouris.

1601 Act 43 Eliz. xiii Sundry of her Maiesties louing Subiects within the sayd [four northern] Counties..have been inforced to pay a certaine rate of money, corne, cattell, or other consideration, commonly there called by the name of Blacke maile.

1622 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 104 He is fund giltie of tacking blak maill from the poore beggaris, to suffer thame beg throu the towne.

1707 Addr. from Cumberland in London Gaz. No. 4334/2 There is, now, no Debatable Land to contend for; no Black Mail to be paid to the Leaders of the Robbers, as a Ransom.

1760 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xvii. 243 To give or take any money or contribution, there called blackmail, to secure such goods from rapine..is felony.

1814 W. Scott Waverley I. xv. 222 The boldest of them will never steal a hoof from any one that pays black-mail to Vich Ian Vohr.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvi. 344 Preferring to pay blackmail to the Scots.

1915 Year Bk. Amer. Clan Gregor Soc. 51 Many who had previously not afforded him [sc. Rob Roy] their countenance were now anxious to contribute what was called blackmail.

1977 P. T. Geach Virtues (1979) vi. 124 If I had lived in the turbulent North at that time, I might have paid blackmail to Rob Roy or Johnny Armstrong in exchange for protection.

2006 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 Nov. 3 Three hundred years ago Rob Roy MacGregor..marauded round the country collecting his ‘black mail’.

b. Any payment or other benefit extorted by threats or pressure, esp. by threatening to reveal a damaging or incriminating secret; (Law) the criminal action of seeking to extort such payment or benefit; (also) the use of threats or moral pressure (cf. emotional blackmail at emotional adj. and n. Compounds). Also figurative.In English law it is a defence to the charge of blackmail that the accused had reasonable grounds for making the demand, and that the use of the threat was a proper means of reinforcing it. A charge of blackmail is thus ruled out for threatening to sue a debtor or to report professional misconduct. (Theft Act of 1968, s. 21.)

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > blackmail

blackmail1819

chantage1846

black1923

sanctification1975

1774 D. Hume Let. 4 June in Edinb. Mag. (1817) Aug. 10/1 I hope all his spleen is not exhausted. I should desire my compliments to him, were I not afraid that he would interpret the civility as paying black maill to him... [Note] This was a sort of tax paid to freebooters, to obtain exemption from their inroads.]

1819 Times 16 July 2/4 The Coolies..have long been the dread of all the country, and levied black mail in all directions.

1824 R. Heber Jrnl. 15 Nov. in Narr. Journey Upper Provinces India (1828) I. xvi. 441 The country is burdened with a crowd of lazy, profligate, self-called suwarrs, who..obtain for the most part a precarious livelihood by spunging on the industrious tradesmen and farmers, on whom they levy a sort of ‘black-mail’.

1863 H. W. Longfellow Birds of Killingworth 36 Marauders who, in lieu of pay, Levied black mail upon the garden beds.

1898 Contemp. Rev. 74 196 The air of London has..been filled with talk of blackmail in connection with the failure of a certain company promoter whose operations were distinguished for their magnitude.

1927 F. W. Crofts Inspector French & Starvel Trag. viii. 121 Was it credible that a man would really pay blackmail for fear of having an obviously forged confession produced?

1940 A. Christie One, Two, buckle my Shoe 70 He's believed to have done a spot or two of blackmail.

1975 M. Hepworth Blackmail Introd. 3 A major source of interest in blackmail stems from the publicity value of what are often categorised as ‘grubby’ aspects of the victim's private life.

2005 P. R. Keefe Chatter iv. 86 Ply with them with drinks, and try to find a weakness—for women, men, children, anything that would provide fodder for blackmail.

†2. English Law. Rent payable in cattle, labour, or coin other than silver. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > rent (land or real property) > [noun] > paid in produce or livestock

flesh1569

blackmail1642

third and teind1884

1642 Magna Ch. in E. Coke 2nd Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. viii Work-days, rent cummin, rent corn, etc...called Redditus nigri, black maile, that is, black rents.

1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. iii. 43 When these [rent] payments were reserved in silver or white money, they were antiently called white-rents;..in contradistinction to rents reserved in work, grain, &c. which were called reditus nigri, or black-maile.

1792 G. Francklyn Candid Inq. Nature Govt. iii. 65 Rent paid for land held in free socage, was called Black Maile.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

blackmailv.

Brit.

/ˈblakmeɪl/, U.S.

/ˈblækˌmeɪl/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: blackmail n.

Etymology: < blackmail n. Compare earlier blackmailer n., blackmailing n.

Originally U.S.

transitive. Originally: to extort money from (a person, etc.) by intimidation, by the unscrupulous use of an official or social position, or of political influence or vote. Now chiefly: to extort money from by threatening to reveal a damaging or incriminating secret; (also) to use threats or moral pressure against.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [verb (transitive)] > blackmail

blackmail1852

to put the black (on a person)1923

black1928

sanctify1977

1852 R. Ennis 24 Feb. in Docum. Assembly State N.Y. (75th Session) III. 78 I had..said to Goodrich, that if he suffered himself to be pretty well black mailed, I supposed he might get the contract.

1880 L. Oliphant Land of Gilead ix. 265 The sheikh..black-mails travellers.

1882 W. B. Weeden Social Law Labor 176 The chief..would protect and blackmail him.

1910 H. S. Johnson Williams on Service ii. 21 You have made an overt attempt to blackmail and bribe me.

1914 World's Work July 252/2 The foreign companies were blackmailed for bribes and bothered with petty exactions.

1950 A. Christie Murder is Announced xxiii. 238 He hadn't the faintest idea he knew anything to blackmail her about.

1970 J. Bouton Ball Four v. 247 By threatening to quit, Mike Marshall has blackmailed the club into sending him to Toledo.

2005 M. M. Frisby Wifebeater iii. 17 You want me to blackmail the most popular rapper on the planet?

Derivatives

ˈblackmailed adj. and n. (a) adj. that is subjected to blackmail; (b) n. (with the) the victim or (collectively) victims of blackmail.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > blackmail > one who is blackmailed

blackmailed1895

1855 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 19 Oct. The first to discover that it is more dishonorable to live off a relative than the blackmailed charity of the prostituted security of corrupt office-holders.

1895 Westm. Gaz. 18 Feb. 2/1 There must be a distinct threat, a direct menace of the blackmailed by the black~mailer.

1971 New York 16 Aug. 27/2 The blackmailed narcotics pusher did what they never expected; he screamed to the Internal Affairs Division at headquarters.

2003 N. McKenna Secret Life Oscar Wilde (2005) 181 The relationships between the blackmailers and the blackmailed were not..always clear-cut.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	blackmail
释义	blackmailn. Brit. /ˈblakmeɪl/, U.S. /ˈblækˌmeɪl/ Forms: see black adj. and n. and mail n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., mail n.¹ Etymology: < black adj. + mail n.¹ in its specific sense ‘rent, tribute’. With sense 2 compare earlier white rent n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1f, and see the definition note at that sense.Post-classical Latin reditus nigri , redditus nigri (plural) appears to have been invented by Coke after redditus albi white rent (see quot. 1642). He seems to have interpreted white rent as all rent paid in money, and to have invented a contrasting category for rent paid in kind. In the following quot. blackmail derives < black adj. + mail n.⁴, and appears to denote copper rather than silver money:1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 205 Black money (what that was I know not, if it were not of Copper, as Maile and Black-maile). 1. a. A tribute levied on farmers in Scotland and the border counties of England by freebooting Scottish chiefs in return for protection or immunity from plunder. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > protection money black rent1423 blackmail1530 protection money1703 protection rent1860 Danegeld1911 juice1935 ice1951 1530 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. i. 145 Adam Scot of Tuschelaw, convicted of art and part of theftuously taking black-maill..from John Brovne of Hoprow. 1567 Scot. Act Jas. VI (1597) xxi Diuers subjects of the Inland, takis and sittis vnder their assurance, payand them black-maill, and permittand them to reif, herrie, and oppresse their Nichtbouris. 1601 Act 43 Eliz. xiii Sundry of her Maiesties louing Subiects within the sayd [four northern] Counties..have been inforced to pay a certaine rate of money, corne, cattell, or other consideration, commonly there called by the name of Blacke maile. 1622 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1848) II. 104 He is fund giltie of tacking blak maill from the poore beggaris, to suffer thame beg throu the towne. 1707 Addr. from Cumberland in London Gaz. No. 4334/2 There is, now, no Debatable Land to contend for; no Black Mail to be paid to the Leaders of the Robbers, as a Ransom. 1760 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. xvii. 243 To give or take any money or contribution, there called blackmail, to secure such goods from rapine..is felony. 1814 W. Scott Waverley I. xv. 222 The boldest of them will never steal a hoof from any one that pays black-mail to Vich Ian Vohr. View more context for this quotation 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvi. 344 Preferring to pay blackmail to the Scots. 1915 Year Bk. Amer. Clan Gregor Soc. 51 Many who had previously not afforded him [sc. Rob Roy] their countenance were now anxious to contribute what was called blackmail. 1977 P. T. Geach Virtues (1979) vi. 124 If I had lived in the turbulent North at that time, I might have paid blackmail to Rob Roy or Johnny Armstrong in exchange for protection. 2006 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 4 Nov. 3 Three hundred years ago Rob Roy MacGregor..marauded round the country collecting his ‘black mail’. b. Any payment or other benefit extorted by threats or pressure, esp. by threatening to reveal a damaging or incriminating secret; (Law) the criminal action of seeking to extort such payment or benefit; (also) the use of threats or moral pressure (cf. emotional blackmail at emotional adj. and n. Compounds). Also figurative.In English law it is a defence to the charge of blackmail that the accused had reasonable grounds for making the demand, and that the use of the threat was a proper means of reinforcing it. A charge of blackmail is thus ruled out for threatening to sue a debtor or to report professional misconduct. (Theft Act of 1968, s. 21.) ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > blackmail blackmail1819 chantage1846 black1923 sanctification1975 1774 D. Hume Let. 4 June in Edinb. Mag. (1817) Aug. 10/1 I hope all his spleen is not exhausted. I should desire my compliments to him, were I not afraid that he would interpret the civility as paying black maill to him... [Note] This was a sort of tax paid to freebooters, to obtain exemption from their inroads.] 1819 Times 16 July 2/4 The Coolies..have long been the dread of all the country, and levied black mail in all directions. 1824 R. Heber Jrnl. 15 Nov. in Narr. Journey Upper Provinces India (1828) I. xvi. 441 The country is burdened with a crowd of lazy, profligate, self-called suwarrs, who..obtain for the most part a precarious livelihood by spunging on the industrious tradesmen and farmers, on whom they levy a sort of ‘black-mail’. 1863 H. W. Longfellow Birds of Killingworth 36 Marauders who, in lieu of pay, Levied black mail upon the garden beds. 1898 Contemp. Rev. 74 196 The air of London has..been filled with talk of blackmail in connection with the failure of a certain company promoter whose operations were distinguished for their magnitude. 1927 F. W. Crofts Inspector French & Starvel Trag. viii. 121 Was it credible that a man would really pay blackmail for fear of having an obviously forged confession produced? 1940 A. Christie One, Two, buckle my Shoe 70 He's believed to have done a spot or two of blackmail. 1975 M. Hepworth Blackmail Introd. 3 A major source of interest in blackmail stems from the publicity value of what are often categorised as ‘grubby’ aspects of the victim's private life. 2005 P. R. Keefe Chatter iv. 86 Ply with them with drinks, and try to find a weakness—for women, men, children, anything that would provide fodder for blackmail. †2. English Law. Rent payable in cattle, labour, or coin other than silver. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > rent (land or real property) > [noun] > paid in produce or livestock flesh1569 blackmail1642 third and teind1884 1642 Magna Ch. in E. Coke 2nd Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. viii Work-days, rent cummin, rent corn, etc...called Redditus nigri, black maile, that is, black rents. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. iii. 43 When these [rent] payments were reserved in silver or white money, they were antiently called white-rents;..in contradistinction to rents reserved in work, grain, &c. which were called reditus nigri, or black-maile. 1792 G. Francklyn Candid Inq. Nature Govt. iii. 65 Rent paid for land held in free socage, was called Black Maile. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). blackmailv. Brit. /ˈblakmeɪl/, U.S. /ˈblækˌmeɪl/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: blackmail n. Etymology: < blackmail n. Compare earlier blackmailer n., blackmailing n. Originally U.S. transitive. Originally: to extort money from (a person, etc.) by intimidation, by the unscrupulous use of an official or social position, or of political influence or vote. Now chiefly: to extort money from by threatening to reveal a damaging or incriminating secret; (also) to use threats or moral pressure against. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [verb (transitive)] > blackmail blackmail1852 to put the black (on a person)1923 black1928 sanctify1977 1852 R. Ennis 24 Feb. in Docum. Assembly State N.Y. (75th Session) III. 78 I had..said to Goodrich, that if he suffered himself to be pretty well black mailed, I supposed he might get the contract. 1880 L. Oliphant Land of Gilead ix. 265 The sheikh..black-mails travellers. 1882 W. B. Weeden Social Law Labor 176 The chief..would protect and blackmail him. 1910 H. S. Johnson Williams on Service ii. 21 You have made an overt attempt to blackmail and bribe me. 1914 World's Work July 252/2 The foreign companies were blackmailed for bribes and bothered with petty exactions. 1950 A. Christie Murder is Announced xxiii. 238 He hadn't the faintest idea he knew anything to blackmail her about. 1970 J. Bouton Ball Four v. 247 By threatening to quit, Mike Marshall has blackmailed the club into sending him to Toledo. 2005 M. M. Frisby Wifebeater iii. 17 You want me to blackmail the most popular rapper on the planet? Derivatives ˈblackmailed adj. and n. (a) adj. that is subjected to blackmail; (b) n. (with the) the victim or (collectively) victims of blackmail. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > blackmail > one who is blackmailed blackmailed1895 1855 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 19 Oct. The first to discover that it is more dishonorable to live off a relative than the blackmailed charity of the prostituted security of corrupt office-holders. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 18 Feb. 2/1 There must be a distinct threat, a direct menace of the blackmailed by the black~mailer. 1971 New York 16 Aug. 27/2 The blackmailed narcotics pusher did what they never expected; he screamed to the Internal Affairs Division at headquarters. 2003 N. McKenna Secret Life Oscar Wilde (2005) 181 The relationships between the blackmailers and the blackmailed were not..always clear-cut. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1530v.1852
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