Blackshirtn.

Brit.

/ˈblakʃəːt/, U.S.

/ˈblækˌʃərt/

Forms: also with lower-case initial(s).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., shirt n.

Etymology: < black adj. + shirt n., with reference to the uniform worn by members of the respective organizations (with reference to the S.S., compare quot. 2002 at sense 2). In sense 1 originally after Italian camicia nera (1922; chiefly in plural). The use in sense 2 is apparently unparalleled in German, where Schwarzhemd is attested earliest (and chiefly) in sense 1 (1922; after Italian).

1. A member of a fascist party: spec. a member of Italy's National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista) (1921–43), or of the British Union of Fascists (1932–40). Also more generally: a person with fascist tendencies. Also with lower-case initial(s). Cf. Brownshirt n. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > fascism > [noun] > adherent of

fascist1921

Blackshirt1922

Nazi skin1983

1922 Amer. Rev. of Reviews Dec. 598/2 The seizure of Rome and of the machinery of Italian government by a band of Black Shirts.

1923 P. Phillips (title) The ‘Red’ Dragon and the Black Shirts.

1927 Daily Express 12 Aug. 7 You were in plain clothes and I took you for a Blackshirt.

1934 H. G. Wells Exper. Autobiogr. ii. ix. 782 It was a gathering of Mosley's black-shirts.

1938 V. Bartlett This is my Life (new ed.) xv. 261 Discussions as to whether the King would authorize the government to stop the advance of the Blackshirts.

1957 H. Baillie High Tension (1970) vii. 96 He, Mussolini, and his Blackshirts had saved Italy from the Communists.

1974 Times 11 Sept. 2/6 (heading) Policeman says he saw no blackshirts at march.

1992 Economist 11 Apr. 16/1 With the reds and blackshirts no longer very frightening, many Italians have dared this week to vote against the four parties of the present coalition.

2002 Daily Tel. 8 May 23/6 When the party turned into the British Union of Fascists..a range of economic reforms was lost to an electorate alienated by the thuggishness of the Blackshirts.

2. In Nazi Germany: a member of the internal security force, the Schutzstaffel (S.S.). Cf. Schutzstaffel n. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1933 Manch. Guardian 11 Nov. 15/6 Just as the performance was about to begin four S.S. men (Black Shirts)..arrested him. He learnt afterwards that he had been denounced to the Nazis.

1937 Guardian 16 Jan. 16/3 Two thousand ‘S.S.’ (Blackshirts) have been assembled at Munich.

1989 M. H. Kater Doctors under Hitler ii. 68 The Storm Troopers or Brown Shirts (SA) and Black Shirts (SS) ranked third and fourth in the physicians' choice of Nazi groups to join.

2002 R. J. Berger Fathoming Holocaust iii. 52 SS members wore black uniforms, which distinguished them from the brown-shirted SA, and were sometimes referred to as Blackshirts, the Black Corps, or the Black Order.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1922 Amer. Rev. of Reviews Dec. 649 (caption) Premier Mussolini with a group of his ‘black-shirt’ followers.

1934 Scotsman 2 July 10/2 The Reichswehr..has evidently proved loyal to Hitler, for it has been with its aid and that of the picked Blackshirt troops that he has carried out his coup.

1935 Ann. Reg. 1934 51 Next day the whole of England was ringing with the cry of ‘blackshirt brutality’.

1948 Life 12 Jan. 94/2 There was but one road open for him [sc. Mussolini] and for the remaining blackshirt ‘army’: unconditional surrender.

2004 P. Neville Mussolini iv. 96 Blackshirt thuggery shocked foreigners in Florence.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	blackshirt
释义	Blackshirtn. Brit. /ˈblakʃəːt/, U.S. /ˈblækˌʃərt/ Forms: also with lower-case initial(s). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: black adj., shirt n. Etymology: < black adj. + shirt n., with reference to the uniform worn by members of the respective organizations (with reference to the S.S., compare quot. 2002 at sense 2). In sense 1 originally after Italian camicia nera (1922; chiefly in plural). The use in sense 2 is apparently unparalleled in German, where Schwarzhemd is attested earliest (and chiefly) in sense 1 (1922; after Italian). 1. A member of a fascist party: spec. a member of Italy's National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista) (1921–43), or of the British Union of Fascists (1932–40). Also more generally: a person with fascist tendencies. Also with lower-case initial(s). Cf. Brownshirt n. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > fascism > [noun] > adherent of fascist1921 Blackshirt1922 Nazi skin1983 1922 Amer. Rev. of Reviews Dec. 598/2 The seizure of Rome and of the machinery of Italian government by a band of Black Shirts. 1923 P. Phillips (title) The ‘Red’ Dragon and the Black Shirts. 1927 Daily Express 12 Aug. 7 You were in plain clothes and I took you for a Blackshirt. 1934 H. G. Wells Exper. Autobiogr. ii. ix. 782 It was a gathering of Mosley's black-shirts. 1938 V. Bartlett This is my Life (new ed.) xv. 261 Discussions as to whether the King would authorize the government to stop the advance of the Blackshirts. 1957 H. Baillie High Tension (1970) vii. 96 He, Mussolini, and his Blackshirts had saved Italy from the Communists. 1974 Times 11 Sept. 2/6 (heading) Policeman says he saw no blackshirts at march. 1992 Economist 11 Apr. 16/1 With the reds and blackshirts no longer very frightening, many Italians have dared this week to vote against the four parties of the present coalition. 2002 Daily Tel. 8 May 23/6 When the party turned into the British Union of Fascists..a range of economic reforms was lost to an electorate alienated by the thuggishness of the Blackshirts. 2. In Nazi Germany: a member of the internal security force, the Schutzstaffel (S.S.). Cf. Schutzstaffel n. Now historical. ΚΠ 1933 Manch. Guardian 11 Nov. 15/6 Just as the performance was about to begin four S.S. men (Black Shirts)..arrested him. He learnt afterwards that he had been denounced to the Nazis. 1937 Guardian 16 Jan. 16/3 Two thousand ‘S.S.’ (Blackshirts) have been assembled at Munich. 1989 M. H. Kater Doctors under Hitler ii. 68 The Storm Troopers or Brown Shirts (SA) and Black Shirts (SS) ranked third and fourth in the physicians' choice of Nazi groups to join. 2002 R. J. Berger Fathoming Holocaust iii. 52 SS members wore black uniforms, which distinguished them from the brown-shirted SA, and were sometimes referred to as Blackshirts, the Black Corps, or the Black Order. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1922 Amer. Rev. of Reviews Dec. 649 (caption) Premier Mussolini with a group of his ‘black-shirt’ followers. 1934 Scotsman 2 July 10/2 The Reichswehr..has evidently proved loyal to Hitler, for it has been with its aid and that of the picked Blackshirt troops that he has carried out his coup. 1935 Ann. Reg. 1934 51 Next day the whole of England was ringing with the cry of ‘blackshirt brutality’. 1948 Life 12 Jan. 94/2 There was but one road open for him [sc. Mussolini] and for the remaining blackshirt ‘army’: unconditional surrender. 2004 P. Neville Mussolini iv. 96 Blackshirt thuggery shocked foreigners in Florence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1922
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