screeningn.

Brit.

/ˈskriːnɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈskrinɪŋ/

Forms: see screen n.¹ and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: screen v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < screen v. + -ing suffix¹.In sense 9 shortened < silkscreening n.

a. The action of sheltering, protecting, or concealing someone or something with or as with a screen. Also figurative: the action of hiding or keeping something from knowledge.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [noun]

hiding?c1225

heelinga1250

hidea1300

hillinga1300

coverturec1374

tapinage1390

concealing1421

hodymokec1450

occultation1453

concelising1492

blindnessa1616

concealmenta1616

shrouding1615

back-hood1621

absconsion1649

screening1651

obvelation1664

muffling1788

tucking1810

smokescreening1922

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > seeking or taking shelter

sheltering1674

screening1893

shelter in place1976

1651 R. Watson Ακολουθος: Second Faire Warning xii. 166 If these Flames warme by degrees at a distance (and some danger drawes on of being scorch'd without screening) their dutie should prompt them to withdraw in due season.

1788 E. Burke Speech against W. Hastings in Wks. (1822) XIII. 246 It was done for the screening of his own guilt.

1893 Hansard's Parl. Deb. 4th Ser. 10 1500 The new Order in Council in reference to the screening of side lights in passenger vessels.

1941 Archit. Forum Feb. 96 Details throughout have been studied with great care.., especially the screening and sheltering of the terrace.

1978 B. Shaw Ship of Strangers 124 The ancient defensive gesture, the screening of the breasts from strange eyes, seemed to indicate sexuality.

1995 F. Pyle Ideol. of Imagination iii. 110 The turn away from the sun,..inaugurates the screening of the vision.

b. The action of blocking electric or magnetic fields; the action or practice of shielding an electrical circuit, device, etc., with a panel, layer, or mesh of conductive or magnetic material, in order to protect it from, or prevent it from causing, electromagnetic interference. Frequently (and in earliest use) attributive (cf. Compounds 2).

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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > field > protecting from

screening1831

1831 London Lit. Gaz. 19 Feb. 121/1 It seemed reasonable to infer that a screening power might actually be obtained by other substances not containing iron, but which were susceptible of magnetic change.

1891 Electrician 17 Apr. 722/1 Electrostatic screening is of fundamental significance throughout electric theory.

1922 Wireless World 1 July 416/1 Magnetic screening from a steady field can be accomplished by surrounding the apparatus by a heavy iron screen.

1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 232/2 Most modern refrigerators are provided with suitable screening arrangements to prevent interference with other electrical appliances.

2005 T. York in D. S. Holder Electr. Impedance Tomogr. x. 304 If the external environment is defined, the screening is not required, as external conductive or magnetic objects will have a constant effect.

c. The action of a terrestrial obstruction (such as a hill or a building) in attenuating or blocking broadcast signals or other electromagnetic waves.Recorded earliest in attributive use.

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society > communication > broadcasting > television > transmitting or receiving apparatus > [noun] > signal obstruction

screening1902

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [noun] > signal > obstruction or poor reception

blind spot1864

screening1902

fading1912

night effect1914

night error1921

wipeout1921

skip1925

radio fade-out1927

fade-out1937

1902 Proc. Royal Soc. 70 265 The screening effect of the land varies with its nature, and is greater for iron ores than for limestone alone.

1920 Discovery Apr. 116/1 Mountains..close to a wireless station may produce serious screening in that direction.

1967 G. J. King Pract. Aerial Handbk. iv. 102 There are invariably pockets of low signal field round the area, due to heavy screening etc. (depending on frequency), where lofty outside aerials are needed to secure the full advantage of the local transmitter.

2005 P. de Fornel tr. H. Sizun Radio Wave Propagation Telecommunication Applic. 261 Terrestrial influence [on VHF waves]—screening effects by hills and mountains, diffraction inside valleys, [etc.].

d. The action or practice of protecting from or blocking (potentially damaging) ionizing radiation. Also: a layer of material for this purpose, esp. one used to enclose or contain a radioactive source. Cf. shielding n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > shielding from radiation

screening1914

1914 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 May 1107/2 The amount of radium used should be small, not exceeding 50 mg., the screening not less than 1.5 mg. of lead, and the total exposure not longer than twenty hours spread over four or five days.

1925 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 Sept. 473/2 Short ultra-violet rays have no effect because of the screening effect due to absorption by the horny layers of the epidermis.

1959 Geografiska Annaler 41 98/1 Radiation screening and any nucleating effect of dust from these explosions are generally held to have been too brief and too slight to have been of any significance so far.

2013 D. Clery Piece of Sun (Electronic ed.) i There was no radiation screening around the reactor and no protection from possible blasts.

e. Physics. The reduction of the electric field around an atomic nucleus due to the presence of its surrounding electrons.Recorded earliest in attributive use.

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the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > field of energy > reduction of

screening1920

1920 Astrophysical Jrnl. 51 233 The observed variation must therefore be due to the screening effect of the inner electrons in the halogen atom.

1925 G. A. Lindsay tr. M. Siegbahn Spectrosc. of X-rays vi. 163 These doublets may be roughly explained by the screening of the nuclear charge.

1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. v. 82 The direct Coulomb interaction e²/r₁₂ raises the degeneracy in l because the amount of screening depends on the eccentricity of the orbit of the outer electron.

2015 E. F. Schubert Physical Found. Solid-state Devices xvi. 7 The effective ionization energy decreases due to screening.

f. Originally North American. In various team sports (esp. basketball, American football, and ice hockey): the action or tactic of obstructing or blocking an opponent, or his or her view of play, by forming a screen (screen n.¹ 18).

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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > basketball > [noun] > obstruction or block

screening1935

pick1951

1935 Athletic Jrnl. Dec. 31 To protect against screening, a man-for-man defense must resort to switching, sliding or trading tactics.

1946 Holiday Dec. 77/1 The clever maneuvering of the playmaker, his screening, starts and stops, pivots, faking and feinting of his eyes, body, head, feet and hips..are not appreciated by the average spectator.

1988 D. Urick Lacrosse iii. 76 The crease attackman is responsible for most of the screening.

2000 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 19 Apr. 67 The video goal judge ruled on whether or not a player, even if he was not involved in any contact or screening of the goalie, violated the sacred blue paint barrier in the front of the net.

a. The action or process of sifting or separating out using a large sieve or other filter; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > sifting > [noun]

siftingc1440

sieving1499

riddling1552

cribration1617

screening1651

garble1808

sift1814

ricing1893

1651 R. Watkins Newes from Dead 7 Shee had violently labour'd in skreening of malt.

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Skreyn, an Instrument..made of Lath for the Skreening of Earth, Sand, Gravel, &c.

1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry III. 128 This was then easily separated by proper screening, and the wheat proved so good, that the bakers bought it at the highest market price.

1843 Mechanics' Mag. 16 Sept. 216/1 If very great attention be paid to the screening of the shingle and of the sand..then one part of lime to twenty parts of shingle and sand, will be found.

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 451 Screening through fine screens is, at best, a very imperfect..operation.

1930 Combustion Aug. 42/1 Any system involving the screening of ashes for sale must include means for maintaining the separation between the soot and the ashes.

1976 R. S. Dickens Cherokee Prehist. vi. 202 At the Warren Wilson site, most of the screening was done at a facility set up near the site.

2010 L. Schroder & V. Ogletree Adobe Homes for All Climates vii. 58 (caption) This allows the screening to effectively sift out lumps that are down to half the size of the screen's holes.

b. Chiefly (and now only) in plural. Material, esp. refuse, which has been separated from a substance, mixture, etc., using a large sieve or other filter; esp. an inferior grade of grain obtained in this way.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [noun] > screened material

screening1727

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > refuse part of anything > sifted

riddlings1539

siftings1600

screening1727

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > inferior grain

hummel corn1474

multure corn1546

tailings1764

tail1775

chicken corna1817

screening1824

pilkins1859

tail-end1859

1727 R. Bradley Compl. Body Husbandry iii. 94 Malt-dust, which is the sifting or skreening of the malt; which..is good for cattle mixed with soft chaff.

1730 W. Wriglesworth MS Log-bk. of ‘Lyell’ 23 Sept. This morning put out another Boat Load of our Screenings.

1824 ‘A. Singleton’ Lett. from South & West 111 Their usual fare, is, a peck of corn in the ear a week, which they must break in their hand-mills; and the grit, or refuse, a Rice, like the western screenings of wheat.

1885 Law Times Rep. 52 427/2 The footpaths..should be made of good gravel or ballast, or fine stone screenings.

1906 Chambers's Jrnl. June 453/1 Tons of rock are..crushed for screenings and ballast.

1923 A. Bruttini Uses of Waste Materials ii. ii. 133 Screenings are..made into dog biscuits.

1975 C. M. Christensen Molds, Mushrooms, & Mycotoxins ii. 51 The improved cleaning methods removed more ergot from the grain and added it to the screenings, and the screenings were fed to livestock.

2004 Backwoods Home Mag. July 83/2 As far as feeding hogs go, I..use grain ‘screenings’ that are cheap (or free) from our county seed cleaning plant. This is cracked grain, small seeds and weed seeds that farmers have had cleaned out of the grain they are planning on using for seed.

3. With reference to the Inns of Court: the action or practice of posting a notice, name, etc., on a noticeboard or screen, typically as a means of publicizing a member's misconduct or displaying the names of students about to be called to the Bar.

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society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing

affixment1639

posting1656

affixion1760

placarding1800

screening1806

bill-sticking1851

paperhanging1851

bill-posting1869

billing1875

fly-posting1903

1806 B. T. Duhigg Hist. King's Inns iii. 463 It was solemnly, frequently, and publicly declared, that absence should not be confined to the ancient censure of screening.

1862 Chambers's Jrnl. 2 Aug. 79/2 They will generally order him to be excluded from the hall..and direct that the order for such exclusion be affixed to the screen of the hall; hence this mode of punishment is called ‘screening’.

1888 T. Bateman Napier & R. M. Stephenson Pract. Guide to Bar vii. 65 It is on this theory that the screening of names before call is based, and that it now and again happens that the Benchers refuse to admit a man.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 28 Mar. 7/1 The Benchers..have imposed the penalty of a reprimand and ‘screening’.

1970 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. Mar. 240/1 Publication involves notices being put up in the hall, in the Bencher's rooms and in the undertreasurer's office of the barrister's Inn, a process known as ‘screening’.

a. Originally and chiefly North American. Metal or plastic mesh, esp. as used in screens for windows, doorways, etc. Cf. screen mesh n. at screen n.¹ Compounds 4a.

ΚΠ

1845 Semi-weekly Ohio Statesman 21 Feb. (advt.) George Worton, Manufacturer of wire screening and sieves, wire work of all descriptions.

1931 Farmers' Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 1671. 32 Generally no wire screening is necessary for protection against birds and rodents, during the two or three weeks' period of germination.

1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 1 July c1/3 With the introduction of wire mesh screening, the screen porch became America's summertime living room.

2005 Orange County (Calif.) Reg. (Nexis) 23 Apr. You may want to buy a style of door with little or no flexible mesh screening that a dog's claws could rip.

b. Screens that partition or enclose an area or space, considered collectively; material for such screens. Cf. screen work n. 1.

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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > wall of building > [noun] > interior or partition-wall

woughc888

wallOE

middle wallc1384

parclose1387

partitionc1450

screena1475

hallan1490

parpen wall1506

parpal walla1525

midwall1589

partition wall1605

inwall?1611

parpalling1621

screen work1648

sconce1695

stud partition1775

screening1850

scrap screen1873

parclose screen1889

1850 J. Fawcett Memorial of Church St. Mary's, Scarboro' iii. 108 The wooden screening which separated it [sc. the Nave] from the Tower, bore the marks of the old rubricated commandment tables.

1962 Life 23 Feb. 33 (caption) Slim lines of steel-reinforced concrete floors and decorative upright concrete screening appear to slide together like loosely shuffled cards.

1986 H. Evans Gardening through Year 53/3 Use woven wooden screening or burlap held up by posts.

2015 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 15 Apr. d5 The wood screening..works well as an expressed rainscreen, ideal in Vancouver's rainforestlike conditions.

5. Printing or Photography. The process of reproducing an image or taking a photograph in conjunction with a screen (screen n.¹ 21), esp. one which is covered with a regular pattern of lines, dots, etc., so as to obtain a half-tone or textured image.

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society > communication > printing > specific methods or processes > [noun] > others

stereotype1800

typolithography1825

fluorography1840

glyphography1843

photoprocess1875

process work1881

recess printing1887

process engraving1889

screening1894

rotogravure1913

offset printing1915

thermography1928

electrography1953

flexography1954

recess1958

impact printing1966

1894 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 5 Jan. 108/2 There are many ways by which drawings unsuitable for the relief-toned processes are made available. Great advances have been made in the ‘screening’ of pencil drawings.

1946 H. Whetton Pract. Printing & Binding xxv. 299/2 When the tissue is dry it is ready for screening. The cross-lined screen used in photogravure differs from those used in the production of half-tones.

1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes v. 168 A device..now permits direct screening of halftone copy that removes the screen dots and reduces the graininess from enlargements.

2012 Printing Industries Amer. Mag. May 6/2 Some manufacturers of inkjet presses focus on halftone screening equivalents.

6. Medicine. Radiological examination in which an image is viewed on a screen rather than developed on a film; fluoroscopy. Now rare (perhaps disused).The use of fluoroscopy in assessing the health of groups of people, as children, military recruits, etc., resulted in ambiguity in later use between this sense and sense 8a.

ΚΠ

1908 Biometrika 6 27 We must express our gratitude..for the invaluable aid they have given us in the screening and skiagraphy of the individual subjects of this investigation.

1920 Nature 15 July 625/1 It is especially necessary during screening examinations to avoid stray radiation reaching the operator.

1944 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 18 Mar. 394/1 The screening has always been done by the same person, and our practice has been to order full-size films in all cases where the screen examination reveals any abnormality of importance.

7. The action of projecting, showing, or broadcasting something on a screen, or of showing a film or programme at the cinema or on television. Also: an instance of this; esp. a particular showing of a film.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > television > [noun] > broadcasting or showing on television

showing1908

screening1914

telecasting1933

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > viewing of photographs > [noun] > projecting on to screen

projection1897

screening1914

projecting1959

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > [noun] > action of showing film

show1897

showing1908

screening1914

1914 Bioscope 9 Mar. 225/1 ‘The Diver’, ‘The Junior Partner’, and ‘In the Coils of the Python’ were the most important screenings in last week's splendid programmes.

1954 Recorder 8 Jan. 1/2 The telegram..‘solemnly protested’ against the screening of a Mass.

1974 ‘G. Black’ Golden Cockatrice v. 81 The first screening was an old Disney short.

1977 Times 23 June 20/4 Many of the journalists who did attend the screenings revealed an uneasiness.

2007 Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois) (Nexis) 20 Sept. d3 An 8 p.m. showing for families.., followed by a late screening at 11 p.m.

a. Medical examination of a person or group to detect disease or abnormality, esp. as part of a broad survey rather than as a response to a request for treatment.See also Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > screening

screening1920

screen test1942

screen1943

1920 Arch. Dis. Childhood 65 141/1 The working party persist in using the term screening as a synonym for the detection of abnormality while claiming to be scientific in their approach for surveillance.

1948 Washington Post 22 Sept. 11/1 Much experimentation is under way to find a method of mass screening of persons to detect gastric cancer conditions.

1960 Guardian 11 Mar. 7/4 Dr. Glover..advocates a psychiatric ‘screening’ of the entire child population in order to detect pathological tendencies to violence.

1997 Daily Tel. 25 Feb. 16/7 He advocates screening at birth and mass-dosing young children.

2015 Wall St. Jrnl. 20 June a10/6 The RV also offers finger-prick screening for hepatitis C, HIV and syphilis, with results available in 10 minutes.

b. gen. Examination or analysis of people or things to check for the presence of desirable or undesirable elements or attributes, or to assess suitability for a particular purpose.See also Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > [noun] > for specific purpose

research1818

contact tracing1910

screening1939

screening out1943

1939 Flying Mag. July 92 About one in four will pack up and leave, for screening is as much a part of the academy weeks as teaching.

1943 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 15 243/1 For this sifting and screening of data historians of the period owe Mr. Gottschalk a real debt of gratitude.

1970 Nature 31 Oct. 416/1 Electrophoretic mass screening of blood proteins for new mutations..would be formidable.

1977 T. R. Willemain & R. C. Larson Emergency Med. Syst. Anal. iv. 74 A combination of better citizen access together with the screening of calls..is a response aimed at better matching emergency resources to emergency needs.

1991 P. St. John Air Piracy, Airport Security, & Internat. Terrorism iv. 89 A parliamentary committee decided..that the preboarding screening in Canada was inadequate.

2002 K. Matinuddin Nuclearization S. Asia 255 The screening of personnel who will be involved with nuclear weapons must also be done with great care.

9. The action or process of producing an image by screen printing; = silkscreening n.Often attributive.

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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > screen printing > [noun]

Selectasine1918

screen process1926

silkscreening1930

screen printing1934

screening1939

serigraphy1940

1939 H. R. Doten & C. A. Boulard Fashion Drawing xxii. 196/2 There are several ways of printing—stenciling, hand blocking, roller printing, and screening.

1947 N.Y. Times 8 Mar. 28 (header) New fabric printing plan. Long Island plant to use automatic screening device.

1999 E. W. Flick Printing Ink (ed. 2) 43 Screen Printing Ink... Dilution to screening viscosity..can be done with mineral spirits.

2014 E. Cadigan Sourcing & Selecting Textiles for Fashion iii. 90 Rotary screen printing combines the cylinder of roller machines with the screening method.

Compounds

C1. With adverbs, forming nouns corresponding to adverbial constructions of screen v.

screening out n. the action of screening someone or something out (in various senses of the verb); cf. to screen out at screen v. Phrasal verbs.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > [noun] > for specific purpose

research1818

contact tracing1910

screening1939

screening out1943

1837 United Service Jrnl. Apr. 515 The pulpit is erected in the proper place, and there is none of this screening out.

1877 Villa Gardener Apr. 39/2 As to the boughs keeping out the sun that is often of as much or more service than the screening out of the frost.

1943 Sun (Baltimore) 15 Mar. 5/6 The ‘screening out’ of school children who need medical attention.

1979 M. Ellman Socialist Planning iii. 69 One of the causes of the problems of Soviet agricultural policy between the wars was the screening out of accurate information.

2002 E. Draper Company Doctor vi. 163 The screening out of some workers eliminates the health risk to all others.

C2. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1881 C. W. B. Bell tr. C. von Schmidt Instr. Training Cavalry 231 Four squadrons being placed in 1st line for screening and reconnoitring purposes.

1903 Royal Comm. Coal Supplies: 1st Rep. II. 212/2 Was not the change made before these new screening methods were adopted?

1918 Amer. Printer 5 Oct. 48/1 There seems to be a new school of pressmen who use screening tools on vignetted halftones.

1920 Discovery Apr. 116/1 Provided that there are no screening effects caused by opaque bodies intervening between their eyes and the lamp.

1937 Discovery June 186/2 Then it [sc. the ore] passes to the screening towers.

1997 Whitby Gaz. 25 Oct. 5/5 The new screening system at the lorry loading hopper, designed by engineers at the Boulby mine, makes potash more evenly-sized and can handle 300 tonnes per hour.

2016 Sunday Times (Nexis) 24 Jan. 29 Why does the BBC keep moving the screening times of its excellent series Dickensian?

C3. attributive in sense 8.

screening device n.

ΚΠ

1939 Milbank Memorial Fund Q. 17 327 Seeking and utilizing..the most adequate instruments that measure the activities of the heart and can be adapted as ‘screening’ devices for the selection of those children with conditions that need intensive clinical study.

2015 M. Iyigun War, Peace, & Prosperity in Name of God iii. 48 It acted as an efficient screening device to sort out the less-committed coreligionists.

screening method n.

ΚΠ

1937 Milbank Memorial Fund Q. 15 143 This..leads to certain possible conclusions as to the efficacy of the screening method in selecting children in need of medical follow-up.

1950 Hansard Commons 7 Nov. 769 Mr Shepherd asked the Prime Minister what inquiries he has made into the efficiency of the screening methods of M.I.5.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 Aug. a12/5 The Broad Institute researchers hope that pharmaceutical companies will use their screening method to begin the long road to develop drugs against cancer stem cells.

screening operation n.

ΚΠ

1954 L. S. B. Leakey Defeating Mau Mau x. 122 In a screening operation, therefore, all those about whom there is any doubt at all, have to be held whilst their credentials can be carefully checked.

2004 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 99 104/1 Large-scale testing is usually more of a screening operation, intended to identify a small percentage of Interesting cases.

screening procedure n.

ΚΠ

1938 Public Health Rec. 53 1510 By the screening procedure of the rapid agglutination test, 21 cases with positive agglutination reaction were selected for further study.

1946 Elimination German Resources for War (Hearings U.S. Senate Subcomm. Mil. Affairs, 79th Congr., 2nd Sess.) 1546 Plans were under way when I left Germany for the wholesale release of security suspects..through the very flimsy screening procedure of ‘security review boards’.

1964 Observer 12 July 4/6 Mammography..is thought by some to be useful as a ‘screening’ procedure for women without symptoms to pick up breast cancer at a very early stage.

2010 N.Y. Mag. 6 Dec. 30/1 By the time you read this..the debate over porn machines and pat-downs—a.k.a. the TSA's new and wildly controversial airport screening procedures—may have shifted.

screening process n.

ΚΠ

1932 Jrnl. Criminal Law & Criminol. 22 736/2 The repetition..may often make a deep unconscious impression in the negative minds of the jurors finally remaining after the completion of the screening process.

2002 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 15 Dec. iii. 2/1 (advt.) A rigorous screening process that is designed to allow our portfolio-management teams to find the undervalued opportunities in the marketplace.

screening programme n.

ΚΠ

1947 W. Goldfarb in G. G. Killinger Psychobiol. Program of War Shipping Admin. xvi. 203 One purpose of the psychobiological screening program was to detect those officers who gave evidence of atypical or deviant personality trends.

1954 Cancer 7 1183/2 A screening program to detect cancer of the cervix.

2005 Daily Tel. 17 Jan. 22/4 The screening programme of 19 classes of drug revealed that the anticonvulsant drug ethosuximide (Zarontin) used to treat epileptic seizures extended the worms' life span.

screening system n.

ΚΠ

1943 Waterloo (Iowa) Daily Courier 21 Sept. 2/5 A new screening system which helps to determine whether registrants are mentally fit for induction.

2006 Independent 22 Feb. 15/1 Screening systems to stop terrorists from smuggling nuclear devices..into Britain are being installed at airports, ports and railway stations.

screening technique n.

ΚΠ

1942 Jrnl. Educ. Res. 36 277 Is visual acuity at either or both distances an adequate screening technique?

1979 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 Sept. 1389/2 There is no value in iridology as a screening technique for detecting or diagnosing kidney disease.

2003 Guardian 16 Oct. (Life section) 10/1 His answer is to use new intensive screening techniques, such as proteomics and transcriptomics, to search for molecules that might be affected by radio waves.

screening test n.

ΚΠ

1938 Eng. Jrnl. 27 385 The screening test indicated that John had to go to an eye specialist.

1942 President's Rep.1941–2 (Univ. Michigan) 321 New demands have also been made by industry for screening tests to eliminate training of unfits for certain jobs.

2008 Wired May 23/2 A new era of health care, one in which we look not for causes of illness but for risks. It's called predictive medicine, and its primary tool is the screening test.

C4.

screening clinic n. a clinic at which patients are screened for a particular disease or medical condition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > clinic > other types of clinic

screening clinic1943

speech clinic1963

emergicentre1981

abortuary1983

urgicentre1983

rehab1984

1943 Abilene (Texas) Reporter-News 31 Aug. 11/8 The neuropsychiatrical screening clinic.

1966 Listener 4 Aug. 151/1 Last year saw the growth of municipally run screening clinics.

2006 S. Moss in G. Q. della Rovere et al. Early Breast Cancer (ed. 2) viii. 75/2 Women in the intervention group were invited to attend a screening clinic, where they underwent two-view mammography and physical examination of the breasts.

screening constant n. Physics the difference between the atomic number of a nucleus and its effective charge as reduced by screening (sense 1e).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > number of chemical element > difference from effective charge

screening constant1922

1922 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 43 1075 The constant a is therefore often termed the ‘screening-constant’ belonging to the level.

1965 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. I. ii. 54 The magnitude of the screening constant indicates the extent to which the full nuclear charge of an element is hidden from the electrons in a particular shell of the core.

2008 J. E. House Inorg. Chem. ii. 51 The screening constant is calculated according to a set of rules that are based on the effectiveness of electrons in shells to screen the electron being considered from the effect of the nucleus.

screening experiment n. Science a preliminary experiment intended to assess which of a range of variables or subjects is significant, or deserves more detailed investigation.

ΚΠ

1948 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 82 221/1 It would seem apparent that in a 28-day screening experiment any substance which exerted a bacteriostatic action on tubercle bacilli in vivo would increase the survival time.

2006 H. Pham Springer Handbk. Engin. Statistics xi. 208/2 It is desirable to start with a screening experiment to identify the subset of important variables.

screening room n. a room in which films are shown on a large screen for a small private audience.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > a cinema > [noun] > types of

nickelodeon1888

home theatre1914

screening room1918

art house1925

indie1928

drive-in1931

ozoner1948

bughouse1952

hardtop1955

cinematheque1965

multi1970

skin house1970

stroke house1971

multiscreen1974

1918 Trans. Soc. Motion Picture Engineers 7 31 Some theatres and producers have applied it [sc. the name ‘projection room’] to the room where pictures are screened for examination. Such rooms are, however, properly either ‘exhibition’ or ‘screening’ rooms.

1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. 23 a/1 I absolutely refused to allow ‘Rabbit Test’ to be shown to anyone in a screening room.

2008 New Yorker 30 June 23/3 Half an hour before the film began, Stephenson sat on a bench outside the screening room.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	screening
释义	screeningn. Brit. /ˈskriːnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈskrinɪŋ/ Forms: see screen n.¹ and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: screen v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < screen v. + -ing suffix¹.In sense 9 shortened < silkscreening n. 1. a. The action of sheltering, protecting, or concealing someone or something with or as with a screen. Also figurative: the action of hiding or keeping something from knowledge. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [noun] hiding?c1225 heelinga1250 hidea1300 hillinga1300 coverturec1374 tapinage1390 concealing1421 hodymokec1450 occultation1453 concelising1492 blindnessa1616 concealmenta1616 shrouding1615 back-hood1621 absconsion1649 screening1651 obvelation1664 muffling1788 tucking1810 smokescreening1922 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > seeking or taking shelter sheltering1674 screening1893 shelter in place1976 1651 R. Watson Ακολουθος: Second Faire Warning xii. 166 If these Flames warme by degrees at a distance (and some danger drawes on of being scorch'd without screening) their dutie should prompt them to withdraw in due season. 1788 E. Burke Speech against W. Hastings in Wks. (1822) XIII. 246 It was done for the screening of his own guilt. 1893 Hansard's Parl. Deb. 4th Ser. 10 1500 The new Order in Council in reference to the screening of side lights in passenger vessels. 1941 Archit. Forum Feb. 96 Details throughout have been studied with great care.., especially the screening and sheltering of the terrace. 1978 B. Shaw Ship of Strangers 124 The ancient defensive gesture, the screening of the breasts from strange eyes, seemed to indicate sexuality. 1995 F. Pyle Ideol. of Imagination iii. 110 The turn away from the sun,..inaugurates the screening of the vision. b. The action of blocking electric or magnetic fields; the action or practice of shielding an electrical circuit, device, etc., with a panel, layer, or mesh of conductive or magnetic material, in order to protect it from, or prevent it from causing, electromagnetic interference. Frequently (and in earliest use) attributive (cf. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > field > protecting from screening1831 1831 London Lit. Gaz. 19 Feb. 121/1 It seemed reasonable to infer that a screening power might actually be obtained by other substances not containing iron, but which were susceptible of magnetic change. 1891 Electrician 17 Apr. 722/1 Electrostatic screening is of fundamental significance throughout electric theory. 1922 Wireless World 1 July 416/1 Magnetic screening from a steady field can be accomplished by surrounding the apparatus by a heavy iron screen. 1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 232/2 Most modern refrigerators are provided with suitable screening arrangements to prevent interference with other electrical appliances. 2005 T. York in D. S. Holder Electr. Impedance Tomogr. x. 304 If the external environment is defined, the screening is not required, as external conductive or magnetic objects will have a constant effect. c. The action of a terrestrial obstruction (such as a hill or a building) in attenuating or blocking broadcast signals or other electromagnetic waves.Recorded earliest in attributive use. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > television > transmitting or receiving apparatus > [noun] > signal obstruction screening1902 society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [noun] > signal > obstruction or poor reception blind spot1864 screening1902 fading1912 night effect1914 night error1921 wipeout1921 skip1925 radio fade-out1927 fade-out1937 1902 Proc. Royal Soc. 70 265 The screening effect of the land varies with its nature, and is greater for iron ores than for limestone alone. 1920 Discovery Apr. 116/1 Mountains..close to a wireless station may produce serious screening in that direction. 1967 G. J. King Pract. Aerial Handbk. iv. 102 There are invariably pockets of low signal field round the area, due to heavy screening etc. (depending on frequency), where lofty outside aerials are needed to secure the full advantage of the local transmitter. 2005 P. de Fornel tr. H. Sizun Radio Wave Propagation Telecommunication Applic. 261 Terrestrial influence [on VHF waves]—screening effects by hills and mountains, diffraction inside valleys, [etc.]. d. The action or practice of protecting from or blocking (potentially damaging) ionizing radiation. Also: a layer of material for this purpose, esp. one used to enclose or contain a radioactive source. Cf. shielding n. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > [noun] > shielding from radiation screening1914 1914 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 May 1107/2 The amount of radium used should be small, not exceeding 50 mg., the screening not less than 1.5 mg. of lead, and the total exposure not longer than twenty hours spread over four or five days. 1925 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 Sept. 473/2 Short ultra-violet rays have no effect because of the screening effect due to absorption by the horny layers of the epidermis. 1959 Geografiska Annaler 41 98/1 Radiation screening and any nucleating effect of dust from these explosions are generally held to have been too brief and too slight to have been of any significance so far. 2013 D. Clery Piece of Sun (Electronic ed.) i There was no radiation screening around the reactor and no protection from possible blasts. e. Physics. The reduction of the electric field around an atomic nucleus due to the presence of its surrounding electrons.Recorded earliest in attributive use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > field of energy > reduction of screening1920 1920 Astrophysical Jrnl. 51 233 The observed variation must therefore be due to the screening effect of the inner electrons in the halogen atom. 1925 G. A. Lindsay tr. M. Siegbahn Spectrosc. of X-rays vi. 163 These doublets may be roughly explained by the screening of the nuclear charge. 1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. v. 82 The direct Coulomb interaction e²/r₁₂ raises the degeneracy in l because the amount of screening depends on the eccentricity of the orbit of the outer electron. 2015 E. F. Schubert Physical Found. Solid-state Devices xvi. 7 The effective ionization energy decreases due to screening. f. Originally North American. In various team sports (esp. basketball, American football, and ice hockey): the action or tactic of obstructing or blocking an opponent, or his or her view of play, by forming a screen (screen n.¹ 18). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > basketball > [noun] > obstruction or block screening1935 pick1951 1935 Athletic Jrnl. Dec. 31 To protect against screening, a man-for-man defense must resort to switching, sliding or trading tactics. 1946 Holiday Dec. 77/1 The clever maneuvering of the playmaker, his screening, starts and stops, pivots, faking and feinting of his eyes, body, head, feet and hips..are not appreciated by the average spectator. 1988 D. Urick Lacrosse iii. 76 The crease attackman is responsible for most of the screening. 2000 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 19 Apr. 67 The video goal judge ruled on whether or not a player, even if he was not involved in any contact or screening of the goalie, violated the sacred blue paint barrier in the front of the net. 2. a. The action or process of sifting or separating out using a large sieve or other filter; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > sifting > [noun] siftingc1440 sieving1499 riddling1552 cribration1617 screening1651 garble1808 sift1814 ricing1893 1651 R. Watkins Newes from Dead 7 Shee had violently labour'd in skreening of malt. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique Skreyn, an Instrument..made of Lath for the Skreening of Earth, Sand, Gravel, &c. 1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry III. 128 This was then easily separated by proper screening, and the wheat proved so good, that the bakers bought it at the highest market price. 1843 Mechanics' Mag. 16 Sept. 216/1 If very great attention be paid to the screening of the shingle and of the sand..then one part of lime to twenty parts of shingle and sand, will be found. 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 451 Screening through fine screens is, at best, a very imperfect..operation. 1930 Combustion Aug. 42/1 Any system involving the screening of ashes for sale must include means for maintaining the separation between the soot and the ashes. 1976 R. S. Dickens Cherokee Prehist. vi. 202 At the Warren Wilson site, most of the screening was done at a facility set up near the site. 2010 L. Schroder & V. Ogletree Adobe Homes for All Climates vii. 58 (caption) This allows the screening to effectively sift out lumps that are down to half the size of the screen's holes. b. Chiefly (and now only) in plural. Material, esp. refuse, which has been separated from a substance, mixture, etc., using a large sieve or other filter; esp. an inferior grade of grain obtained in this way. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [noun] > screened material screening1727 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > refuse or rubbish > [noun] > refuse part of anything > sifted riddlings1539 siftings1600 screening1727 the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > inferior grain hummel corn1474 multure corn1546 tailings1764 tail1775 chicken corna1817 screening1824 pilkins1859 tail-end1859 1727 R. Bradley Compl. Body Husbandry iii. 94 Malt-dust, which is the sifting or skreening of the malt; which..is good for cattle mixed with soft chaff. 1730 W. Wriglesworth MS Log-bk. of ‘Lyell’ 23 Sept. This morning put out another Boat Load of our Screenings. 1824 ‘A. Singleton’ Lett. from South & West 111 Their usual fare, is, a peck of corn in the ear a week, which they must break in their hand-mills; and the grit, or refuse, a Rice, like the western screenings of wheat. 1885 Law Times Rep. 52 427/2 The footpaths..should be made of good gravel or ballast, or fine stone screenings. 1906 Chambers's Jrnl. June 453/1 Tons of rock are..crushed for screenings and ballast. 1923 A. Bruttini Uses of Waste Materials ii. ii. 133 Screenings are..made into dog biscuits. 1975 C. M. Christensen Molds, Mushrooms, & Mycotoxins ii. 51 The improved cleaning methods removed more ergot from the grain and added it to the screenings, and the screenings were fed to livestock. 2004 Backwoods Home Mag. July 83/2 As far as feeding hogs go, I..use grain ‘screenings’ that are cheap (or free) from our county seed cleaning plant. This is cracked grain, small seeds and weed seeds that farmers have had cleaned out of the grain they are planning on using for seed. 3. With reference to the Inns of Court: the action or practice of posting a notice, name, etc., on a noticeboard or screen, typically as a means of publicizing a member's misconduct or displaying the names of students about to be called to the Bar. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [noun] > placarding, postering, or billing affixment1639 posting1656 affixion1760 placarding1800 screening1806 bill-sticking1851 paperhanging1851 bill-posting1869 billing1875 fly-posting1903 1806 B. T. Duhigg Hist. King's Inns iii. 463 It was solemnly, frequently, and publicly declared, that absence should not be confined to the ancient censure of screening. 1862 Chambers's Jrnl. 2 Aug. 79/2 They will generally order him to be excluded from the hall..and direct that the order for such exclusion be affixed to the screen of the hall; hence this mode of punishment is called ‘screening’. 1888 T. Bateman Napier & R. M. Stephenson Pract. Guide to Bar vii. 65 It is on this theory that the screening of names before call is based, and that it now and again happens that the Benchers refuse to admit a man. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 28 Mar. 7/1 The Benchers..have imposed the penalty of a reprimand and ‘screening’. 1970 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. Mar. 240/1 Publication involves notices being put up in the hall, in the Bencher's rooms and in the undertreasurer's office of the barrister's Inn, a process known as ‘screening’. 4. a. Originally and chiefly North American. Metal or plastic mesh, esp. as used in screens for windows, doorways, etc. Cf. screen mesh n. at screen n.¹ Compounds 4a. ΚΠ 1845 Semi-weekly Ohio Statesman 21 Feb. (advt.) George Worton, Manufacturer of wire screening and sieves, wire work of all descriptions. 1931 Farmers' Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 1671. 32 Generally no wire screening is necessary for protection against birds and rodents, during the two or three weeks' period of germination. 1982 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 1 July c1/3 With the introduction of wire mesh screening, the screen porch became America's summertime living room. 2005 Orange County (Calif.) Reg. (Nexis) 23 Apr. You may want to buy a style of door with little or no flexible mesh screening that a dog's claws could rip. b. Screens that partition or enclose an area or space, considered collectively; material for such screens. Cf. screen work n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > wall of building > [noun] > interior or partition-wall woughc888 wallOE middle wallc1384 parclose1387 partitionc1450 screena1475 hallan1490 parpen wall1506 parpal walla1525 midwall1589 partition wall1605 inwall?1611 parpalling1621 screen work1648 sconce1695 stud partition1775 screening1850 scrap screen1873 parclose screen1889 1850 J. Fawcett Memorial of Church St. Mary's, Scarboro' iii. 108 The wooden screening which separated it [sc. the Nave] from the Tower, bore the marks of the old rubricated commandment tables. 1962 Life 23 Feb. 33 (caption) Slim lines of steel-reinforced concrete floors and decorative upright concrete screening appear to slide together like loosely shuffled cards. 1986 H. Evans Gardening through Year 53/3 Use woven wooden screening or burlap held up by posts. 2015 Times Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (Nexis) 15 Apr. d5 The wood screening..works well as an expressed rainscreen, ideal in Vancouver's rainforestlike conditions. 5. Printing or Photography. The process of reproducing an image or taking a photograph in conjunction with a screen (screen n.¹ 21), esp. one which is covered with a regular pattern of lines, dots, etc., so as to obtain a half-tone or textured image. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > specific methods or processes > [noun] > others stereotype1800 typolithography1825 fluorography1840 glyphography1843 photoprocess1875 process work1881 recess printing1887 process engraving1889 screening1894 rotogravure1913 offset printing1915 thermography1928 electrography1953 flexography1954 recess1958 impact printing1966 1894 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 5 Jan. 108/2 There are many ways by which drawings unsuitable for the relief-toned processes are made available. Great advances have been made in the ‘screening’ of pencil drawings. 1946 H. Whetton Pract. Printing & Binding xxv. 299/2 When the tissue is dry it is ready for screening. The cross-lined screen used in photogravure differs from those used in the production of half-tones. 1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes v. 168 A device..now permits direct screening of halftone copy that removes the screen dots and reduces the graininess from enlargements. 2012 Printing Industries Amer. Mag. May 6/2 Some manufacturers of inkjet presses focus on halftone screening equivalents. 6. Medicine. Radiological examination in which an image is viewed on a screen rather than developed on a film; fluoroscopy. Now rare (perhaps disused).The use of fluoroscopy in assessing the health of groups of people, as children, military recruits, etc., resulted in ambiguity in later use between this sense and sense 8a. ΚΠ 1908 Biometrika 6 27 We must express our gratitude..for the invaluable aid they have given us in the screening and skiagraphy of the individual subjects of this investigation. 1920 Nature 15 July 625/1 It is especially necessary during screening examinations to avoid stray radiation reaching the operator. 1944 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 18 Mar. 394/1 The screening has always been done by the same person, and our practice has been to order full-size films in all cases where the screen examination reveals any abnormality of importance. 7. The action of projecting, showing, or broadcasting something on a screen, or of showing a film or programme at the cinema or on television. Also: an instance of this; esp. a particular showing of a film. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > television > [noun] > broadcasting or showing on television showing1908 screening1914 telecasting1933 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > viewing of photographs > [noun] > projecting on to screen projection1897 screening1914 projecting1959 society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > [noun] > action of showing film show1897 showing1908 screening1914 1914 Bioscope 9 Mar. 225/1 ‘The Diver’, ‘The Junior Partner’, and ‘In the Coils of the Python’ were the most important screenings in last week's splendid programmes. 1954 Recorder 8 Jan. 1/2 The telegram..‘solemnly protested’ against the screening of a Mass. 1974 ‘G. Black’ Golden Cockatrice v. 81 The first screening was an old Disney short. 1977 Times 23 June 20/4 Many of the journalists who did attend the screenings revealed an uneasiness. 2007 Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois) (Nexis) 20 Sept. d3 An 8 p.m. showing for families.., followed by a late screening at 11 p.m. 8. a. Medical examination of a person or group to detect disease or abnormality, esp. as part of a broad survey rather than as a response to a request for treatment.See also Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > screening screening1920 screen test1942 screen1943 1920 Arch. Dis. Childhood 65 141/1 The working party persist in using the term screening as a synonym for the detection of abnormality while claiming to be scientific in their approach for surveillance. 1948 Washington Post 22 Sept. 11/1 Much experimentation is under way to find a method of mass screening of persons to detect gastric cancer conditions. 1960 Guardian 11 Mar. 7/4 Dr. Glover..advocates a psychiatric ‘screening’ of the entire child population in order to detect pathological tendencies to violence. 1997 Daily Tel. 25 Feb. 16/7 He advocates screening at birth and mass-dosing young children. 2015 Wall St. Jrnl. 20 June a10/6 The RV also offers finger-prick screening for hepatitis C, HIV and syphilis, with results available in 10 minutes. b. gen. Examination or analysis of people or things to check for the presence of desirable or undesirable elements or attributes, or to assess suitability for a particular purpose.See also Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > [noun] > for specific purpose research1818 contact tracing1910 screening1939 screening out1943 1939 Flying Mag. July 92 About one in four will pack up and leave, for screening is as much a part of the academy weeks as teaching. 1943 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 15 243/1 For this sifting and screening of data historians of the period owe Mr. Gottschalk a real debt of gratitude. 1970 Nature 31 Oct. 416/1 Electrophoretic mass screening of blood proteins for new mutations..would be formidable. 1977 T. R. Willemain & R. C. Larson Emergency Med. Syst. Anal. iv. 74 A combination of better citizen access together with the screening of calls..is a response aimed at better matching emergency resources to emergency needs. 1991 P. St. John Air Piracy, Airport Security, & Internat. Terrorism iv. 89 A parliamentary committee decided..that the preboarding screening in Canada was inadequate. 2002 K. Matinuddin Nuclearization S. Asia 255 The screening of personnel who will be involved with nuclear weapons must also be done with great care. 9. The action or process of producing an image by screen printing; = silkscreening n.Often attributive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > screen printing > [noun] Selectasine1918 screen process1926 silkscreening1930 screen printing1934 screening1939 serigraphy1940 1939 H. R. Doten & C. A. Boulard Fashion Drawing xxii. 196/2 There are several ways of printing—stenciling, hand blocking, roller printing, and screening. 1947 N.Y. Times 8 Mar. 28 (header) New fabric printing plan. Long Island plant to use automatic screening device. 1999 E. W. Flick Printing Ink (ed. 2) 43 Screen Printing Ink... Dilution to screening viscosity..can be done with mineral spirits. 2014 E. Cadigan Sourcing & Selecting Textiles for Fashion iii. 90 Rotary screen printing combines the cylinder of roller machines with the screening method. Compounds C1. With adverbs, forming nouns corresponding to adverbial constructions of screen v. screening out n. the action of screening someone or something out (in various senses of the verb); cf. to screen out at screen v. Phrasal verbs. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > [noun] > for specific purpose research1818 contact tracing1910 screening1939 screening out1943 1837 United Service Jrnl. Apr. 515 The pulpit is erected in the proper place, and there is none of this screening out. 1877 Villa Gardener Apr. 39/2 As to the boughs keeping out the sun that is often of as much or more service than the screening out of the frost. 1943 Sun (Baltimore) 15 Mar. 5/6 The ‘screening out’ of school children who need medical attention. 1979 M. Ellman Socialist Planning iii. 69 One of the causes of the problems of Soviet agricultural policy between the wars was the screening out of accurate information. 2002 E. Draper Company Doctor vi. 163 The screening out of some workers eliminates the health risk to all others. C2. General attributive. ΚΠ 1831 London Lit. Gaz. 19 Feb. 121/1 It seemed reasonable to infer that a screening power might actually be obtained by other substances not containing iron, but which were susceptible of magnetic change. 1881 C. W. B. Bell tr. C. von Schmidt Instr. Training Cavalry 231 Four squadrons being placed in 1st line for screening and reconnoitring purposes. 1903 Royal Comm. Coal Supplies: 1st Rep. II. 212/2 Was not the change made before these new screening methods were adopted? 1918 Amer. Printer 5 Oct. 48/1 There seems to be a new school of pressmen who use screening tools on vignetted halftones. 1920 Discovery Apr. 116/1 Provided that there are no screening effects caused by opaque bodies intervening between their eyes and the lamp. 1937 Discovery June 186/2 Then it [sc. the ore] passes to the screening towers. 1997 Whitby Gaz. 25 Oct. 5/5 The new screening system at the lorry loading hopper, designed by engineers at the Boulby mine, makes potash more evenly-sized and can handle 300 tonnes per hour. 2016 Sunday Times (Nexis) 24 Jan. 29 Why does the BBC keep moving the screening times of its excellent series Dickensian? C3. attributive in sense 8. screening device n. ΚΠ 1939 Milbank Memorial Fund Q. 17 327 Seeking and utilizing..the most adequate instruments that measure the activities of the heart and can be adapted as ‘screening’ devices for the selection of those children with conditions that need intensive clinical study. 2015 M. Iyigun War, Peace, & Prosperity in Name of God iii. 48 It acted as an efficient screening device to sort out the less-committed coreligionists. screening method n. ΚΠ 1937 Milbank Memorial Fund Q. 15 143 This..leads to certain possible conclusions as to the efficacy of the screening method in selecting children in need of medical follow-up. 1950 Hansard Commons 7 Nov. 769 Mr Shepherd asked the Prime Minister what inquiries he has made into the efficiency of the screening methods of M.I.5. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 14 Aug. a12/5 The Broad Institute researchers hope that pharmaceutical companies will use their screening method to begin the long road to develop drugs against cancer stem cells. screening operation n. ΚΠ 1954 L. S. B. Leakey Defeating Mau Mau x. 122 In a screening operation, therefore, all those about whom there is any doubt at all, have to be held whilst their credentials can be carefully checked. 2004 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 99 104/1 Large-scale testing is usually more of a screening operation, intended to identify a small percentage of Interesting cases. screening procedure n. ΚΠ 1938 Public Health Rec. 53 1510 By the screening procedure of the rapid agglutination test, 21 cases with positive agglutination reaction were selected for further study. 1946 Elimination German Resources for War (Hearings U.S. Senate Subcomm. Mil. Affairs, 79th Congr., 2nd Sess.) 1546 Plans were under way when I left Germany for the wholesale release of security suspects..through the very flimsy screening procedure of ‘security review boards’. 1964 Observer 12 July 4/6 Mammography..is thought by some to be useful as a ‘screening’ procedure for women without symptoms to pick up breast cancer at a very early stage. 2010 N.Y. Mag. 6 Dec. 30/1 By the time you read this..the debate over porn machines and pat-downs—a.k.a. the TSA's new and wildly controversial airport screening procedures—may have shifted. screening process n. ΚΠ 1932 Jrnl. Criminal Law & Criminol. 22 736/2 The repetition..may often make a deep unconscious impression in the negative minds of the jurors finally remaining after the completion of the screening process. 2002 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 15 Dec. iii. 2/1 (advt.) A rigorous screening process that is designed to allow our portfolio-management teams to find the undervalued opportunities in the marketplace. screening programme n. ΚΠ 1947 W. Goldfarb in G. G. Killinger Psychobiol. Program of War Shipping Admin. xvi. 203 One purpose of the psychobiological screening program was to detect those officers who gave evidence of atypical or deviant personality trends. 1954 Cancer 7 1183/2 A screening program to detect cancer of the cervix. 2005 Daily Tel. 17 Jan. 22/4 The screening programme of 19 classes of drug revealed that the anticonvulsant drug ethosuximide (Zarontin) used to treat epileptic seizures extended the worms' life span. screening system n. ΚΠ 1943 Waterloo (Iowa) Daily Courier 21 Sept. 2/5 A new screening system which helps to determine whether registrants are mentally fit for induction. 2006 Independent 22 Feb. 15/1 Screening systems to stop terrorists from smuggling nuclear devices..into Britain are being installed at airports, ports and railway stations. screening technique n. ΚΠ 1942 Jrnl. Educ. Res. 36 277 Is visual acuity at either or both distances an adequate screening technique? 1979 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 Sept. 1389/2 There is no value in iridology as a screening technique for detecting or diagnosing kidney disease. 2003 Guardian 16 Oct. (Life section) 10/1 His answer is to use new intensive screening techniques, such as proteomics and transcriptomics, to search for molecules that might be affected by radio waves. screening test n. ΚΠ 1938 Eng. Jrnl. 27 385 The screening test indicated that John had to go to an eye specialist. 1942 President's Rep.1941–2 (Univ. Michigan) 321 New demands have also been made by industry for screening tests to eliminate training of unfits for certain jobs. 2008 Wired May 23/2 A new era of health care, one in which we look not for causes of illness but for risks. It's called predictive medicine, and its primary tool is the screening test. C4. screening clinic n. a clinic at which patients are screened for a particular disease or medical condition. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > clinic > other types of clinic screening clinic1943 speech clinic1963 emergicentre1981 abortuary1983 urgicentre1983 rehab1984 1943 Abilene (Texas) Reporter-News 31 Aug. 11/8 The neuropsychiatrical screening clinic. 1966 Listener 4 Aug. 151/1 Last year saw the growth of municipally run screening clinics. 2006 S. Moss in G. Q. della Rovere et al. Early Breast Cancer (ed. 2) viii. 75/2 Women in the intervention group were invited to attend a screening clinic, where they underwent two-view mammography and physical examination of the breasts. screening constant n. Physics the difference between the atomic number of a nucleus and its effective charge as reduced by screening (sense 1e). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > number of chemical element > difference from effective charge screening constant1922 1922 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 43 1075 The constant a is therefore often termed the ‘screening-constant’ belonging to the level. 1965 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. I. ii. 54 The magnitude of the screening constant indicates the extent to which the full nuclear charge of an element is hidden from the electrons in a particular shell of the core. 2008 J. E. House Inorg. Chem. ii. 51 The screening constant is calculated according to a set of rules that are based on the effectiveness of electrons in shells to screen the electron being considered from the effect of the nucleus. screening experiment n. Science a preliminary experiment intended to assess which of a range of variables or subjects is significant, or deserves more detailed investigation. ΚΠ 1948 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 82 221/1 It would seem apparent that in a 28-day screening experiment any substance which exerted a bacteriostatic action on tubercle bacilli in vivo would increase the survival time. 2006 H. Pham Springer Handbk. Engin. Statistics xi. 208/2 It is desirable to start with a screening experiment to identify the subset of important variables. screening room n. a room in which films are shown on a large screen for a small private audience. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > film show > a cinema > [noun] > types of nickelodeon1888 home theatre1914 screening room1918 art house1925 indie1928 drive-in1931 ozoner1948 bughouse1952 hardtop1955 cinematheque1965 multi1970 skin house1970 stroke house1971 multiscreen1974 1918 Trans. Soc. Motion Picture Engineers 7 31 Some theatres and producers have applied it [sc. the name ‘projection room’] to the room where pictures are screened for examination. Such rooms are, however, properly either ‘exhibition’ or ‘screening’ rooms. 1978 Detroit Free Press 16 Apr. 23 a/1 I absolutely refused to allow ‘Rabbit Test’ to be shown to anyone in a screening room. 2008 New Yorker 30 June 23/3 Half an hour before the film began, Stephenson sat on a bench outside the screening room. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). screeningadj. Brit. /ˈskriːnɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈskrinɪŋ/ Forms: see screen v. and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: screen v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < screen v. + -ing suffix². Compare earlier screening n. 1. That shelters, protects, or conceals. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [adjective] concealing1421 hiding1483 veiling?1591 palliative1611 shrouding1623 muffling1638 maskinga1652 screening?a1656 wimpling1747 secretive1830 secludinga1851 hideaway1876 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [adjective] > affording protection or defence defendantc1330 defensivea1400 defensory1552 fensive1582 protectingc1595 defensative1596 secureful1598 fenceful1616 friendly1628 protective1653 protectory1654 screening?a1656 protectant1670 warding1697 safeguard1822 shielding1851 cushioning1887 tutorial1898 ?a1656 J. Poole Eng. Parnassus (1657) 52 Arbour. Flowrie, tufted, leavie, shadie, cooling, covert, thick, branchy, spreading, coole, silent, screening, refreshing [etc.]. 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 124 Elegant clusters of Dragons,..with an umbrella or skreening Leaf about them. 1817 ‘D. Hughson’ Walks through London 395 The screening colonade of the latter will be taken down. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner ii. 24 He felt hidden even from the heavens by the screening trees and hedgerows. 1917 H. H. Richardson Fortunes Richard Mahony I. i. viii. 70 They strolled up and down, their promenade bounded, at the lower end, by the dense-leaved arbour under which they had first met. In its screening shadow he took the kiss. 2014 M. Daly Unseen London 267 Around this he designed a screening wall, devoid of windows, as it was designed as a fortified structure to resist attack. 2. (In various technical contexts.) That blocks or shields from some influence. ΚΠ 1936 N. Feather Introd. Nucl. Physics i. 5 Some such assumption was necessary to explain the dependence of the saturation current through a given volume of gas on the amount of screening matter interposed between the radioactive preparation and the gas. 1958 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 247 552 The form..is correctly normalized provided that the energy of the ejected electrons is much greater than that of the outer screening electrons. 2015 P. Seidel Appl. Superconductivity II. iv. 432 Magnetization again changes very rapidly as the screening currents reverse. 3. Of a committee, group, etc.: that conducts screening (screening n. 8).Often difficult to distinguish from attributive use of screening n. 8: see screening n. Compounds 3. ΚΠ 1960 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 5 711/2 It may well be that the ‘limiting’ or ‘screening’ authority..exercises an influence no less decisive, or even more decisive, than the formal appointers or electors. 1977 Code of Federal Regulations: 45: Public Welfare (Office of Federal Register, U.S.) 44/1 It is the policy of the Department..to acquire no ownership rights to inventions claiming novel methods of using compounds, where such use inventions are first conceived and reduced to practice solely by the screening or testing organization. 2006 H. Gubler in J. Hüser High-throughput Screening in Drug Discov. vii. 152 Automated software for quality control..is necessary to..focus the attention of the screening scientists to the problematic cases. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1651adj.?a1656
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screeningn.

Compounds

screeningadj.