| 释义 |
searchern. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly (i) a borrowing from French. Partly (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French cercheur ; search v., -er suffix1. Etymology: Partly (i) < Anglo-Norman cercheur, serchour, sersour (compare Old French, Middle French (Lorraine) cercheour ; Middle French, French chercheur ) person who investigates something (13th cent.; in Old French, Middle French (Lorraine) also denoting an inspector of religious orders appointed by the diocesan bishop), government official (c1474 in serchour de l'ewe deputy water bailiff) < cercher search v. + -our -er suffix2, and partly (ii) < search v. + -er suffix1. I. Senses referring to a person. the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > [noun] > searcher or seeker the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > [noun] > person conducting a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxx. 17 For cast awei thei clepeden thee, Sion; this is she that hadde not aȝeen serchere [L. quae non habebat requirentem]. (Harl. 221) 67 Cereiowre [1499 Pynson ceriowre, a1500 King's Cambr. ceriore], scrutator, perscrutator. c1450 (a1400) Orologium Sapientiæ in (1888) 10 373 (MED) What is done aboute oþer menne, I woot not, in as myche as I am not a curyous sercher of oþere mennes conscyens. 1553 J. Bale 5 I haue bene in parell of the sea.., in parell of curiouse searchers. 1562 N. Winȝet (1888) I. 24 Curius seircearis of the hie mysteriis of God. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in 283 They dig the ground like greedie metal mongers, and insatiable searchers for siluer. 1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes l. 332 Cid Hamete, the most punctuall Searcher of the very moats of this true History. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti I. 23/2 Pamphilus, an excellent Searcher into Antiquity. 1726 J. Swift I. i. v. 80 I kept..a pair of Spectacles in a private Pocket, which..had scaped the Emperor's Searchers. 1841–8 F. Myers II. iii. §10. 34 An honest earnest searcher of the Scriptures. 1884 R. W. Church i. 20 He was not one of the high-minded and proud searchers after knowledge and truth, like Descartes. 1912 14 186 The eggs of the rupicoline Rosy Finch defied a small army of searchers for 79 years. 1927 P. H. de Kruif ii. 67 The spirit of the searcher, the fact finder, flashed out of his eye. 1930 14 Jan. 17/6 There are searchers of hidden treasure, exposers of frauds, righters of wrongs, self-confessed bandits and adventurers. 2015 (Nexis) 28 Aug. a7 Searchers located the plane around 10 a.m. 2. the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > maintenance of standards > person employed in society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > guild of medieval origin > a member > official 1417 in J. Raine (1890) 11 We..sercheours of masons and wryghts in..York, chosen..for to dissevir a grounde of a tenement..demys that a lyne be drawen..and set Seynt Leonard wall apon thair awen ground. 1425 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Corporation of Beverley (1900) 100 in (Cd. 284) XLVI. 513 [When the said saddle-trees are bought..the saddlers shall..strengthen them..so that no defects may be found..by the inspectors of the craft called] Sercheours. a1450 in M. Sellers (1912) I. 65 (MED) We ordan..that maisters and serchours gyf any of owre servantz..a penyworth wark for a penny of the cuureour craft, he sall haf at the fyrst dryssyng coloryng or shafyng redy to the drying for j dakyr, vij d. 1516 in W. H. Stevenson (1885) III. 345 The Sercheres of the Fysheres..they suffer corupe fyshe and noght to be sold in the market. 1592 in (1888) App. xv. 274 Inprimis, that ye Serchers and Maisters of the saide arte or science [sc. that of Barber-Surgeons] be chosen euerye yeare. 1681 No. 1655/3 The humble Address of the Master, Wardens, Searchers, Assistants, Freeholders, and Freemen of the Corporation of Cutlers in Hallamshire. 1881 (Archæol. Section Birmingham & Midland Inst.) 36 It was the special business of the searcher to see that every piece of cloth was so marked, and that its size and weight was properly indicated. 2007 C. M. Fitzgerald i. 23 The existence of searchers might seem to support the long-held idea that guilds..enforced economic monopolies. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > imposition or collecting of duties on goods > [noun] > search or examination of goods or vessels > one who 1422 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1422 §28. m. 10 Poisours, sercheours, and all suche other officers. 1450 in (2007) 1450/1/29 At thar be maid at al portis..straite sercharis to restrenye the hafing oute of the monay. ?c1450 Prior of Bromholm in (2004) II. 58 Þe best takyng of schepynge is at Yernemuthe er Kyrley... I schal haf fauour he-now wyt ther seergiours. 1526 in (2007) 1526/6/36 Archibald Douglace, provest of Edinburgh, to be serchour principale at the port of Leith. 1558–9 Act 1 Elizabeth I c. 11 §6 in (1963) IV. i. 373 Anny..Searcher,..or other Officer perteynyng to the Subsidie Custome or Custome House. 1621 in W. Fraser (1863) I. 333 To the sairsar for seilling thairof. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1652 (1955) III. 66 I..received Letter<s> from Coll: Morley to the Magistrates & Searchers at Rie to assist my Wife at her Landing. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet (1724) I. 475 And then some searchers were sent from the Custom House to look for some forbidden goods. 1840 R. Ellis 276 Landing Surveyor..Searcher [etc.]. 1891 E. T. Olver & T. E. O'Reilly 267 Goods..may be received back into warehouse..on receipt of a certificate of short shipment from the searcher. 1936 6 Apr. 4/3 Joseph Latch, a searcher at the Port of Newport, was first Mayor of Newport. 2014 87 512 Furious about the colony's noncompliance, the Lords of Trade appointed Randolph collector, surveyor, and searcher of the customs for all New England. society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > inspector the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > formal or official > person conducting 1432 (Electronic ed.) Parl. May 1432 §43. m. 5 Where eny wyn be founde fals or corrupt..þat the hedes of the vesselx which it is ynne, be doo smyte oute be þe saide sercheours assigned, and þe wyn openly cast away. 1487 in (2007) 1487/10/16 That na merchand sale withein the foresaid partis in merchandise bot gif he be a fre man... And that serchouris micht be lymmyt hereuppoune... And that in ilk burghe the provest, baleyeis and custummaris be serchouris. 1500 in J. D. Marwick (1870) I. 505 That thair be serchouris chosin within ilk burch,..to serche and seik the personis brekeris of the saidis actis of parliament. 1514 639 Þat ne weuer delyuer eny cloth..tyll the serchers haue seen it whedir it be laufully wrought or no. 1613 J. May iv. 18 The best search made by the searchers in any place, is but to cast the Clothes into skales to see if they be weight or no. 1642 in N. B. Shurtleff (1853) II. 19 The said searchers..shall seale & marke such leather as they shall find sufficient, & no other. 1738 c. 28 §3 Which said Searchers shall and may have full Power..to enter into and inspect all such Mills, Shops, Warehouses [etc.] of Makers, Merchants or Dealers in Narrow Cloth. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iii. 1675 in (H.C. 116) XXIV. 1 2 Searchers of the Corn-market. 1957 13 129 The searcher doing his duty at an Oxford market was arrested and prosecuted by a man whose skins he attempted to confiscate. 2008 D. Butcher ix. 225 Among the manorial officers elected each year at the leet court were two searchers and sealers of leather. society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > visitor or searcher > [noun] the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > formal or official > as visit > person conducting a1450 ( tr. Vegetius (Douce) (1988) 125 Wacche sercheres ben clepid cerkeleres, oþer roundeleres, oþer compassoures, for þei ridiþ rounde aboute as a cercle compassing aboute þe wacche. 1491 Compend. Abstr. Holy Rule Saynte Benet sig. bv, in (Caxton) And the serchers of the relygyon owe to see warely about þt they be occupyed in lecture therof sonday and other. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 218 He appoynted that the names of the offenders..sulde, be the searceris, elected, and to that office chosen, (be) writne vpe and secreitlie endyted in the kingis bukes. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta vi. xv. 465 They had searchers to examine if they did employ themselves in these workes, and to punish the negligent. 1628 in Z. Boyd (1855) App. p. xli/1 Searchers appointed..to go through the town to see who Bann or Swear. 1845 159 The Searcher, according to his commission, examined him. 2008 M. Todd in J. Coffey & P. C. H. Lim x. 180 Ordinary parishioners aided the searchers by reporting their neighbours' offences. the world > health and disease > healing > healer > specialist > [noun] > in other fields 1597 W. Shakespeare v. ii. 8 Being by the Searchers of the Towne Found and examinde, we were both shut vp. View more context for this quotation 1607 T. Middleton iv. sig. G4v Then will I..make an ende [i.e. pretend to die]... I haue indented with a couple of searchers, who..shall fray them out a'th Chamber with report of sicknesse, and so la, I start vp, and recouer agen. c1616 R. C. Certaine Poems in (1871) 121 Knowe, in my rage I have slaine a man this day, And knowe not where his body to conveigh And hide it from the searchers inquisition. 1662 J. Graunt i. 11 When any one dies... The Searchers..(who are antient Matrons, sworn to their Office) repair to the place, where the dead Corps lies, and..examine by what Disease, or Casualty the Corps died. 1759 Pref. 7 Every parish appoints a searcher, whose business it is to examine the corpse, and to report the distemper. 1843 E. Chadwick 199 To protect the people against continued exposure to ascertained and preventible causes of disease and death, the principle of the early appointment of searchers be revived. 1974 50 1036 This law [sc. the Registration Act of 1836] does not mention the searchers, but then it became effective..the office of searcher became obsolete. 2006 J. P. Byrne vii. 167 Though London's parish clerks had many responsibilities, and searchers eventually became full-time personnel, with plague came the need for an ever-expanding corps of civic employees. the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > of documents > person engaged in 1831 13 Jan. The thorough acquaintance with the abstract necessary to enable the searcher to undertake the task of searching, and the probability of its being deputed to a clerk very little..conversant with conveyancing. 1886 81 152/1 Official searchers should be appointed whose duty it should be to search the register of charges. 1891 July 135 He has employed a searcher to examine documents in the old episcopal registry of Salisbury, in which diocese our county used to be situated, and searchers are an expensive luxury. 2016 (Nexis) 27 Sept. gt 1 He said air rights over the rail lands are some of the most complicated in the province. Title searchers are paid to do this kind of work, he explained. society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > officials attached to police force 1834 13 Aug. 7/3 None but female searchers should be employed, considering that it was highly improper that men should be employed in that duty. 1837 14 Aug. 492 I am a searcher at the station house—I searched the prisoner—she said she had pledged a pair of boots. 1908 118 2965/2 The wife of the lock-up keeper..was employed as a searcher. 2012 J. Klein in D. G. Barrie & S. Broomhall ix. 210 Like searchers and warders, matrons tended to be police wives, widows and similar respectable working-class women. 1975 Oct. 70/2 Before going on line, the searcher must determine whether or not the question to the retrieval system is well posed. 1999 J. Naughton (2001) 307 The reader will sometimes be confronted by that bane of the Web-searcher's existence—the ‘Error 404—page not found’ message. 2019 (Nexis) 21 Oct. (Ontario ed.) b3 It was a win-win-win scenario. Searchers found what they wanted, website owners received quality traffic to their websites and Google got paid (upon ad clicks). II. Senses referring to a thing. 8. the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > probe or sound ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 524 (MED) Þe intromissorie is a long instrument and smal as a probe, i. serchoure, in þe ende of þe whiche þere may be an hede þat it may not hurte withynforth. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau 12/3 Try the thicknes of the bone with a little privette or searcher. 1784 B. Bell II. xi. 117 The thick curved instrument, represented in Plate XV. fig. 3. which may be termed a searcher. 1831–40 R. Liston (ed. 2) ii. 650 After almost every operation for stone..a searcher is useful to ascertain whether or not all [fragments] have been removed. 1908 B. Lewis in W. W. Keen & J. C. DaCosta IV. lviii. 279 It is only by contact that the searcher obtains its positive evidence. 2010 J. F. Kveton in A. J. Gulya et al. (ed. 6) xxxi. 518/1 The sac's furthest extensions anteriorly, superiorly, and posteriorly are explored with a blunt mastoid searcher. the world > health and disease > healing > veterinary medicine and surgery > [noun] > veterinary equipment > other specific equipment the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > shoeing of horses > [noun] > shoeing instruments 1834 W. Percivall I. v. 238 Should it be a recent prick from shoeing, all that needs be done is to follow the nail-hole up for a little way with the searcher. 1877 M. H. Hayes iii. 58 Carefully remove with the drawing-knife or searcher any diseased or loose portions of horn. 1912 F. T. Barton xxxvii. 470 The drawing-knife, or searcher, should be sterilized before use. 1999 J. Draper et al. 238/2 The searcher..is designed for use when cutting out corns or paring away the horn round puncture wounds. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [noun] > through any medium or space > permeation > that which 1678 E. R. i. 151 You may boyl it in Verjuice or Chamber-lye, one being a great searcher, cleanser, and healer, the other a great dryer. 1694 W. Salmon i. ix. 482/1 A Glass of Infusion of Sassafras in Wine,..is a Searcher which immediately penetrates the whole Body. 1735 W. Ellis I. xvii. 105 But to sweeten a Barrel, Kilderkin, Firkin, or Pin in the great Brewhouses, they put them over the Copper Hole for a Night together, that the Steam of the boiling Water or Wort may penetrate into the Wood; this Way is such a furious Searcher, that unless the Cask is new hooped just before, it will be apt to fall in pieces. 1837 S. W. Tilke p. lxxi This combination is such a searcher to the system that it seldom acts on the bowels under twelve or sixteen hours; during that time it causes a little sickness, or nausea in the stomach. 1928 ‘N. Shute’ (1990) i. 55 It's this infernal fever..and getting wet. I'm in for a searcher this time. 1992 A. Symons (2007) ii. 49 He had a mare with a poisoned foot. He cleaned it out, put turpentine on it—‘That's a searcher’ says Dick—then wrapped it up. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > testing or recording apparatus society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > manufacture of firearms and ammunition > testing > testing instruments 1706 Albany Fort Jrnl. 1 July in G. Williams (1975) (modernized text) 72/2 State of stores... 1 pair searchers for great guns. 1800 4 54 Muzzle the searcher, and ram it home in the gun. 1859 F. A. Griffiths (1862) 55 They are..examined with a searcher after each round. 1976 H. L. Blackmore I. Gloss. 241/2 Another form of searcher had a right-angled probe which, coated with wax, could make an impression of the flaw so that its extent could be judged. 2001 G. De Vries & J. Hall 59 Later versions of the searcher had..an iron hoop concentric to the handle, which could be pushed forward by its own handle to compress and disengage the points from the flaws. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > other equipment 1775 N. D. Falck 25 Also a marine searcher (of my own contrivance) being an iron, somewhat like a sounding lead, but with a sharp ragged spike. the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [noun] > microscope > parts of 1870 G. W. Royston-Pigott in 10 393 The Aplanatic Searcher is intended to improve the penetration, amplify magnifying power, intensify definition, and raise the objective somewhat. 1899 J. Cagney tr. R. von Jaksch (ed. 4) x. 436 The eye-pieces of extremely low power are called ‘searchers’. 1968 June 71 (advt.) The indenter diamond is mounted in the front of the searcher objective and can be applied without any interchange procedure. the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > [noun] > act or instance of > difficult or crucial 1923 J. Manchon 260 Searcher,..une question (ou un problème) embarrassante. 1951 N. M. Gunn xi. 81 He..asked me some questions, and searchers they were. a1973 N. M. Gunn (1991) i. 15 ‘Was he greater than Cuchulain?’ ‘Ah, you've got me there. That's a searcher.’ Phrasesthe world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > according to other attributes a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1965) Wisd. i. 6 Of þe reenes of hym witnesse is god, & of þe herte of hym he is verre serchere. 1562 R. Eden Let. in E. Arber p. xliii/1 The only searcher of mens hartes the eternall god. 1631 W. Gouge i. §32. 51 Before God the searcher of hearts. 1870 C. Dickens x. 71 What may be in your heart when you give him your hand, can only be known to the Searcher of all hearts. 2018 @JennMGreenberg 3 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 31 May 2019) Even secret sins are tallied by the searcher of hearts. Compounds 1534 G. Joye tr. xi. f. xxiiv Thou therfore, lorde of powrs, rightuouse iuge sercher oute of raynes and hertis: I beseche the that I might se vengeance taken on them. 1563 S. Wythers tr. J. Sleidane i. f. 15v Phisitions, and according to the saying of Cicero, contemplators and searchers out of nature. 1837 C. G. F. Gore I. v. 75 Too well born and too well bred to be a searcher out of other people's pedigrees. 1978 C. Trillin 121 Concert pianists..are as a group undoubtedly the most devout searchers-out of quality restaurants. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.a1382 |
