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单词 blade
释义

bladen.

Brit. /bleɪd/, U.S. /bleɪd/
Forms: Old English blæd, Middle English blad, Middle English bladde, blaad(e, blayd, 1500s blaid, Middle English– blade.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English blæd , neuter, (plural blado , bladu ) = Old Frisian bled , Old Saxon blad (Middle Dutch blat , Dutch blad , Low German blad ), Old High German, Middle High German blat (modern German blatt ), Old Norse blað (Swedish, Danish blad ) < Germanic *blado-(m ; perhaps a participial formation (with suffix -ðo- do < Aryan -tó- ) from Germanic verbal stem *blō- , see blow v.2, cognate with Latin flos. The long vowel in Middle English and modern English appears to be derived from the oblique cases and plural, blăd-es, blăd-o, made in Middle English into blā-des, blā-de. The 15th cent. northern spellings blayd, blaid, and Chaucer's dissyllabic blade, bladde, require explanation. The sense-history is notable: in German blatt is the general word for ‘leaf,’ laub being the foliage collectively of trees; in Norse ‘herbs or plants have blað, trees have lauf’; but in Old English léaf is the general word for ‘leaf’ and ‘foliage’; blæd occurs only once, (as it happens, poetically, in the brád blado of the plant of wickedness), and this sense is quite absent in Middle English, while that of the ‘blade’ of an oar (also in Old English), of a sword or knife, is frequent. It would almost seem then that the modern ‘blade’ of grass or corn is a later re-transfer from ‘sword-blade’; while in regard to corn, there is some reason to suspect influence of medieval Latin bladum, Old French bled corn, wheat; at least these were evidently supposed to be the same word. The modern Scots ‘cabbage-blade’ also is probably not directly connected with the Old English; but Norse influence may possibly have contributed to a retention of the vegetable sense in the north.
I. Of plants.
1. The leaf of a herb or plant; originally perhaps (as in Icelandic) applied to those of all herbs, while leaf was used of the foliage of trees. In later use applied in dialect (e.g. in south of Scotland) to a broad flat leaf, as the outer leaves of cabbage or lettuce, the leaves of rhubarb, tobacco, etc.; in literary English only poetically and vaguely for ‘leaf’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun]
leafeOE
foil14..
fillec1450
fulyiec1485
blade1787
phyllome1875
OE Genesis 994 Of þam brad blado benlwa gehwilces sprytan ongunnon.
1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook xix, in Poems (new ed.) 61 In a kail-blade..send it.
1864 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta 1357 The low lying melilote And all of goodliest blade and bloom that springs.
1877 W. C. Bryant Little People 350 In shape like blades and blossoms of the field.
2. spec.
a. The flat lanceolate leaves of grass and cereals; esp. such as spring from the root and appear first above ground; also the whole of such plants before the spike or ear appears. (Cf. 4: botanically the leaves of grass are all ‘blade.’)
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > shoot or blade > blade of grass
bladec1450
pilea1522
spile1649
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of
bladec1450
grass root1474
bent1577
chat1601
grasstop1659
knee1678
locusta1707
straw1776
spikelet1793
strap1793
sheath-scale1796
spiket1796
stragule1821
scutellum1832
scobina1839
rachilla1842
chaff-scale1856
coleorhiza1866
hypoblast1882
lemma1906
c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 583 Festuca, the blaad of corn or a strawe.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xviiiv Red whete..is the gretest corne and the brodest blades and the gretest strawe.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 27 The eare..fyrst appeareth enclosed in the blade.
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 58 From whence shoot foorth grassie blades or leaues.
1611 Bible (King James) Mark iv. 28 First the blade, then the eare, after that the full corne in the eare. View more context for this quotation
1670 Janua Ling. xii. §92 Corn raiseth it self up into a blade.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. vii. 129 Whoever could make two Ears of Corn, or two Blades of Grass to grow..where only one grew before, would deserve better of Mankind..than the whole Race of Politicians.
1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1866) 1st Ser. ii. 37 Disappointed at the delay which ensues before the blade breaks the soil.
b. in the blade: while there is as yet only blade or leaf, not yet in the ear. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [phrase] > in the blade
in the blade1584
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > unprepared [phrase] > in an immature state
in the blade1584
in the shell1609
in the rougha1649
on the musta1661
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft i. iv. 10 Transferre corne in the blade from one place to another.
1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet D iij b Vnripened youthes, whose wisedomes are yet in the blade.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) v. iii. 6 Naturall rebellion, done i'th blade of youth. View more context for this quotation
1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches xiv. 472 His corn was in the blade.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess i. 13 I had been, While life was yet in bud and blade, betroth'd.
†c. The grassy leaves of other endogens. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > part of > grassy leaf of other type of plant
blade1578
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xxxvi. 195 The small floure Deluce, hath narrow long blades, almost like the leaues of the right Gladyn.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. lxxiii. 640 Onyon hath leaues or blades almost like garlike.
1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) sig. Qj Take borage and leke blades.
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. x. 115 The Field is Sable, three Lilies slipped, their..blades Argent.
†d. Corn, growing corn, corn-crop. Obsolete. [Taken as a translation of medieval Latin bladum, French bled, blé.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > cereal plants or corn
cornc897
vetchc1300
grainc1315
blade1553
Pennsylvania corn1739
cereal1868
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Fviij Nere vnto the citie of Caigui, groweth plentie of blade and ryce.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ix. f. 81 Lykewyse blades, settes, slippes, grasses, suger canes.
†3.
a. ? A pointed shoot or ‘spire’ of any plant. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] > shoot or blade
chire1398
bladec1440
spire1646
spear1841
c1440 Anc. Cookery in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 445 Take the blades of fenell.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 37 Blade of an herbe [1499 blad or blade], tirsus.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Blade of a chiboll or oynion, talia.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Aiii/2 Blade of an herb, talia.
1634 T. Horn tr. J. A. Comenius Gate Lang. Unlocked Index post. The blade of an hearb, talea.
†b. Applied by Grew to the ‘style’ of composite flowers. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > composite plant > part of plant
flower1530
pale1578
thrum1578
blade1672
floret1672
semi-floscule1720
radius1727
ray1727
semi-floret1729
egret1785
floscule1785
anthodium1812
periclinium1826
pericline1855
chaff-scale1856
phyllary1857
anthode1865
arrowlet1872
1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. v. 144 The Sheath, after some time, dividing at the top, from within its Concave, the third and innermost part of the Suit, sc. the Blade advanceth and displayes it self.
4. Botany. The broad, thin, expanded part of a leaf, as opposed to the petiole or foot-stalk; the lamina or limb; also the corresponding part of a petal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [noun] > part or side of
backsidec1392
cut1563
purl1626
ambitient1657
unguicle1657
verge1704
sinus1753
pagina1832
blade1835
crenel1835
biforine1842
underleaf1873
tentacle1875
bullation1882
leaf skin1974
1835 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 260 The Blade..is subject to many diversities of figure and division.
1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 52 Petals with an appendage at the base of the blade.
1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) i. i. 5 Foliage-leaves..consist of petiole and blade, or of blade only; the blade being spread out horizontally.
II. Of other things.
5.
a. The broad, flattened, leaf-like part (as distinguished from the shank or handle) of any instrument or utensil, as a paddle, oar, battledore, bat, spade, forceps; from that of a paddle or oar (a very ancient sense) extended to the parts of a whale's tail, a paddle wheel, or screw propeller, which act similarly upon the water.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > parts of tools generally > [noun] > broad flattened part
bladec1000
languet1611
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > rowing apparatus > [noun] > oar > blade of oar
bladec1000
oar-bladeOE
palma1522
wash1769
bowl1805
peel1875
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 167 Palmula, roðres blæd.
c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 182 Palmula, arblæd.
1674 W. Petty Disc. before Royal Soc. 59 Suppose, that the Oars remain the same length, but that the Blade be doubled.
1771 J. Robertson in Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 321 The tail, as in all the whale tribe, was placed horizontal a little forked; the blades were of a wedge shape, and fourteen feet from tip to tip.
1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 224/2 Seized between the blades of a forceps.
1854 G. B. Richardson Univ. Code v. 7602 How many blades have you to screw propeller?
1880 V. L. Cameron Our Future Highway II. xiii. 274 A spade with a blade the size of the palm of one's hand.
1886 O. W. Holmes Mortal Antipathy ii Their blades flashed through the water.
b. The front flat part of the tongue.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > speech organs > types of speech organ > [noun] > tongue > parts of
blade1877
vallate papilla1967
1877 H. Sweet Handbk. Phonetics 2 Of the tongue we distinguish..the ‘blade’ which includes the upper surface of the tongue immediately behind the point. ‘Lower blade’ implies..the lower..surface.
c. A vane upon the circumference of a revolving cylinder or disc of a turbine.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [noun] > parts of > blades
blade1887
blading1906
turbine blade1911
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 517/1 Attempts have been made..to devise steam-engines of the turbine class, where rotation of a wheel is produced..by impact of a jet [of steam] upon revolving blades.
1900 N. Brit. Daily Mail 30 Jan. 4 That is the whole secret of the turbine. In the modern application of it the steam blows upon the shaft and the shaft turns, and by an ingenious application of blades the steam which enters the first turbine when it leaves the boiler at a pressure of 225 lbs. to the square inch is utilised till the value of the last pound is all used up.
1906 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 795/2 [In an impulse turbine]..the water rushes with high velocity through a series of jets or nozzles and impinges on suitably shaped blades.
d. Aeronautics. A part of the propeller of an aeroplane or rotary-wing aircraft which acts upon the air. Also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [noun] > aircraft engine > propeller > parts of propeller
blade1907
boss1916
nosepiece1918
spinner1918
nose cap1919
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > rotary wing aircraft > [noun] > parts of rotary wing aircraft > rotor > parts of rotor
rotor head1906
rotor hub1910
rotor blade1915
rotor disc1931
blade1958
1907 W. M. Varley tr. H. W. L. Moedebeck et al. Aeronautics xxv. 421 A screw-propeller is built up usually of two or more blades.
1916 H. Barber Aeroplane Speaks iv. 115 The propeller screws through the air, and its blades..secure a reaction.
1920 Flight 12 1309/1 Sketch of a sectioned blade root.
1958 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 960/2 Blade loading, the thrust of a helicopter rotor divided by the total area of the blades.
e. = switch-blade n. at switch n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > pocket-knife
pocket knife1676
jackknife1683
barlow knife1779
stick knife1819
shut-knife1879
toad-stabber1885
switch-blade1909
blade1920
Batangas knife1937
switch-knife1955
1920 Whittaker's Electr. Engin. Pocket-bk. (ed. 4) 323 The blades of isolating switches should be locked in position.
6.
a. The thin cutting part of an edged tool or weapon, as distinguished from the handle.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > [noun] > cutting part of > blade or edge of
bitc1330
blade1330
scissor blade1802
mouth1851
scissor leg1860
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > knife > [noun] > blade
blade1330
tool1653
knife-blade1738
1330 R. Mannyng Chron. i. 350 Caliborne, þat gode brond..Ten fote longe was þen þe blade.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 10 And of a swerd ful trenchaunt was the blade.
c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 735 Sindula, a blayd [among parts of a knife].
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 198/2 Blade of a knyfe, alumelle.
1611 Bible (King James) Judges iii. 22 The haft also went in after the blade . View more context for this quotation
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vi. Explan. Terms 110 Pricker, is vulgarly called an Awl: yet..it hath most commonly a square blade, which enters the Wood better than a round Blade will.
1720 London Gaz. No. 5852/12 Lost..a..Sword..the Blade a little rusty.
1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 280 A penknife blade is formed at two heats.
1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 913 The blade of the sutorial tooth.
1880 G. C. M. Birdwood Indian Arts II. 3 The blades of Damascus..were in fact of Indian iron.
b. Archaeology. A long, narrow flint-flake, used esp. as a tool in prehistoric times (see quot. 1959). Frequently attributive, as blade-axe, blade-culture, blade-tool.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > prehistoric tool > [noun] > types of
flintstonec1400
celt1748
fairy hammer1815
axe1851
flint-flake1851
stone-axe1864
flake-knife1865
scraper1865
thumb-flint1865
tool-stone1865
saddle quern1867
fabricator1872
grattoir1872
hammer-stone1872
tribrach1873
flake1875
hand-axe1878
pick1888
turtle-back1890
racloir1892
eolith1895
pebble chopper1895
palaeotalith1897
tranchet1899
point1901
pygmy flint1907
microlith1908
Gravette1911
keeled scraper1911
lissoir1911
coup de poing1912
end-scraper1915
burin1916
rostro-carinate1919
tortoise core1919
blade1921
axe-adze1925
petit tranchet1926
tournette1927
pebble tool1931
raclette1932
biface1934
cleaver1935
thumbnail scraper1937
microblade1959
linguate1966
1921 M. C. Burkitt Prehist. iv. 65 While long flakes or blades are being struck off a core, vibrations transverse to the blow itself are set up in the flake or blade.
1926 R. A. Smith Flints 29 (caption) A blade-scraper.
1926 R. A. Smith Flints 30 Graving-tools..are generally made from flakes, preferably blades (flakes with the side-edges parallel and longer than the ends).
1935 J. S. Huxley & A. C. Haddon We Europeans ii. 53 Various types of Homo sapiens from Africa and Asia whose implements are typically..blade tools, a form of flake technique.
1937 Discovery Sept. 287/2 Blade-axes, chisels, spear-heads.
1943 J. Hawkes & C. Hawkes Prehist. Brit. i. 21 The late Palæolithic hunters had a much more delicate and specialized equipment than their predecessors, that is distinguished from the core and flake forms by the general name of ‘blade’ culture.
1959 J. D. Clark Prehist. Southern Afr. v. 111 The lump is called a core..and the pieces removed are known as flakes or, if they are long and narrow, they are called blades.
7.
a. The blade being the essential part of such weapons etc. is often put for the whole, esp. in poetry and literary language.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > [noun]
steelOE
edgeOE
brandc1050
bladec1386
sharpc1390
skewer1838
c1386 G. Chaucer Prol. 618 A long surcote of pers vp on he hade [v.r. haade, hadde] And by his syde he baar a rusty blade [so 4 MSS.; v.r. blaade, bladde].
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1105 Nauþer to cout ne to kerue, with knyf ne wyth egge, For-þy brek he þe bred blades wythouten.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iv. 54 The shynyng of youre bright blayde, It gars me quake for ferde to dee.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 6 Theyre blades they brandisht.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing v. i. 183 You breake iests as braggards do their blades . View more context for this quotation
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. 13 He drew his sword..a short well-tempered Spanish blade.
1832 T. B. Macaulay Armada 28 Ho! gunners, fire a loud salute: ho! gallants, draw your blades.
b. figurative. (Cf. weapon n. 1c.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means
keyOE
toolc1000
wherewithc1230
ministerc1380
meanc1390
instrumenta1425
organ?a1425
mesne1447
moyen1449
handlec1450
hackneya1500
receipta1500
operative1526
ingine1531
appliance1555
agent1579
matter1580
mids1581
wedge1581
wherewithal1583
shoeing-horn1587
engine1589
instrumental1598
Roaring Meg1598
procurement1601
organy1605
vehicle1615
vehiculuma1617
executioner1646
facility1652
operatory1660
instrumentality1663
expedient1665
agency1684
bladea1713
mechanic1924
mechanism1924
a1713 A. Pitcairne Babell (1830) 287 He did his trustie tongue unsheath..It was a blade that he could trust.
1735 W. Oldys Life Raleigh in Wks. (1829) I. 384 Cecyll..play'd a smooth edge upon Ralegh throughout the trial; his blade seemed ever anointed with the balsam of compliment or apology.
c. Usually plural. Hand shears for shearing sheep. Also attributive. Australian and New Zealand.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > sheep-shearing > [noun] > hand-shears
wool-shear1643
sheep-shears1688
wool-shearers1809
jingling Johnny1904
blade1905
1905 A. B. Paterson Old Bush Songs 26 All among the wool, boys, Keep your wide blades full, boys.
1917 Jrnl. Agric. (N.Z.) 20 Sept. 134 The majority of the larger sheep-owners..have come to recognize the advantages of ‘machines’ over ‘blades’.
1923 W. Perry et al. Sheep Farming in N.Z. vi. 83 In some parts there is a reaction in favour of blade shearing.
1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. iii. 64 Shearers have also been called..bladesmen, although the last term is going out of fashion because most shearing is now done with machines.
8.
a. A broad flattened bone or part of a bone, as the cheek blades, jaw-blades; esp. the flat, triangular-shaped bone of the shoulder called the shoulder blade or blade-bone, the scapula; also the corresponding bone of the fore leg of animals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > shoulder-blade
shoulder bladea1300
blade-bone1845
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > shoulder-girdle > [noun] > shoulder bone
shoulder bladea1300
shoulder bladea1300
shoulder-bonec1320
spauld-bonec1400
omoplate?a1425
scapple1578
scapula1578
shield-bonec1600
spade-bone1612
plate-bonea1665
speal-bone1771
blade-bone1845
a1300 Havelok 2644 Bi the shudre-blade The sharpe swerd let wade.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxvi. 135 Sholder blades ben..hight blades for they ben shape as a brode swerde.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Tobit vi. 3 Take him by the cheke blade, and drawe him to the.
1600 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliad v. 577 Atrides' lance did gore Pylemens shoulder in the blade.
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 3 Nor put up blow, but that which laid Right Worshipfull on shoulder-blade.
1878 J. Marshall Anat. Artists 17 The two scapulæ, shoulder bones, or blade-bones.
b. One of the scythe-shaped plates in which whalebone occurs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Mystacoceti > [noun] > member of > whalebone and surrounding parts
whale-horn1562
whalebone1604
whale-fin1612
blade1803
whalebone-hair1820
1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. II. 158 A Whale, the longest blade of whose mouth measures nine or ten feet.
9. Used of other things; as a blade of mace.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > nutmeg or mace
mace1234
nutmeg1387
nut muscheta1500
blade of mace1653
Madagascar nutmeg1836
Madagascar clove nutmeg1866
nutmeg-apple1871
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > flat blade-shaped
spature1348
slicec1400
pallet?a1425
spatulea1425
spattlec1440
slice1483
spatula1525
spatter1569
spather1597
lingel1598
spatul1600
languet1611
spathern1634
blade1653
spathula1658
spatha1881
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler 158 Mixt, with a blade or two of Mace. View more context for this quotation
1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiv. 242 Put the Blades of the Quadrants into two Slits.
a1718 W. Penn Tracts in Wks. (1726) I. 498 That he ever took..one Clove, Nutmeg, Blade of Mace, or Skain of Silk..I utterly deny.
1825 S. Adams & S. Adams Compl. Servant 97 Put a blade of mace, and a quartered nutmeg into a quart of cream.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. i. 17 Take a blade of bone, and scrape off all the ice from your furs.
10. Senses of doubtful origin:
a. Architecture.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam > rafter > principal
couple1364
principal1445
lever1481
coupling1577
chevron1580
blade1855
1855–58 Dict. Archit. (Archit. Publ. Soc.) Blade, a word sometimes applied, as well as Back, to the principal rafter of a roof.
1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. Blade, that timber in a roof which goes at an angle from the top of the ‘king-post’ to the beam of the ‘principal.’
†b. A staff, pole, shaft. Also found as blede.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > in form of bar, pole, rod, etc.
stingc725
stakec893
sowelc900
tree971
rungOE
shaftc1000
staffc1000
stockc1000
poleOE
spritOE
luga1250
lever1297
stanga1300
perchc1300
raftc1330
sheltbeam1336
stower1371
palea1382
spar1388
spire1392
perk1396
ragged staff1397
peela1400
slot1399
plantc1400
heck-stower1401
sparkin1408
cammockc1425
sallow stakec1440
spoke1467
perk treec1480
yard1480
bode1483
spit1485
bolm1513
gada1535
ruttock1542
stob1550
blade1558
wattle1570
bamboo1598
loggat1600
barling1611
sparret1632
picket1687
tringle1706
sprund1736
lug-pole1773
polting lug1789
baton1801
stuckin1809
rack-pin1821
picket-pin1844
I-iron1874
pricker1875
stag1881
podger1888
window pole1888
verge1897
sallow pole1898
lat1899
swizzle-stick1962
1558 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 170 Two lang wayne blayds..9 ashilltresse and a plowe.
1634 T. Jackson Knowledg of Christ Jesus 174 To receive the prize, or (as the originall word imports) to snatch it from the blede or staffe whereto they runne.
†c. blades n. a spindle for winding yarn upon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture of thread or yarn > [noun] > winding > other equipment on which to wind yarn
bottom1440
blades?a1500
verticil1703
?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 794 Hoc girgillum, a bladys. Hic virgillus, a yerwyndylleblad.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 184 Vnes tournettes, a payre of wyndynge blades.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 646 I ontwyne yarne of the spyndel or blades.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Blades or yarne wyndles, an instrumente of huswyfery, girgillus, volutorium.
III. Applied to a man. [Probably connected with senses 6, 7, though whether as a figurative use of these, or as a wielder of a blade, does not appear from early evidence examined.]
11.
a. A gallant, a free-and-easy fellow, a good fellow; ‘fellow’, generally familiarly laudatory, sometimes good-naturedly contemptuous. (The original sense is difficult to seize: Bailey 1730 says, ‘a bravo, an Hector; also a spruce fellow, a beau’; Johnson ‘a brisk man, either fierce or gay, called so in contempt.’) (Now colloquial or slangy: in literature, chiefly a reminiscence of the eighteenth century.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > brave warrior > a gallant
blade1597
Gregorya1627
stud horse1868
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iii. 28 By Iesu a very good blade, a very tall man. View more context for this quotation
1640 T. Nabbes Bride ii. i Go carry the blades in the Lion a pottle of Sack from me.
1658 tr. J. Ussher Ann. World 159 Sending for such..as he knew to be blades, and had good hearts and head-peeces of their owne.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 3 June (1974) VIII. 249 As the present fashion among the blades is.
?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. v. 57 These are the Blades must do all, though they do all Ill.
1760 London Mag. 29 224 Gentlemen of the town, as a sort of Blades may be well y'clep'd.
1819 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. iii. 425 A blade whom I took for a decent tailor.
b. usually taking force and colour from an attribute: e.g. brave, stout, gallant, fighting, swaggering, swashing, bullying, blustering, dashing, rattling, roaring, roistering, jolly, lively, wild, comical, fantastical, cynical, crafty, knowing, saucy, worthy, old, young, etc.
ΚΠ
c1600 Rob. Hood (Ritson) ii. vi. 73 This is a mad blade, the butchers then said.
1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy i. 11 Hee's an honest blade, though he be blunt.
1646 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 243 A true old blade, and had been a very curious virtuoso, etc.
1649 C. Walker Anarchia Anglicana ii. 184 Those free spirited Blades whom Oliver raised into a Mutiny.
1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin i. Argt. 2 Three swashing Blades.
1714 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1765) 143 These two Baptists were topping Blades.
1726 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (ed. 2) 185 [In] All-Souls college one afternoon, several jovial blades..were sitting there over a pipe and a bottle.
1779 S. Johnson Let. 2 Nov. (1992) III. 205 When we meet we will be jolly blades.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian i, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 25 Two dashing young blades.
1822 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall ix. 75 He was one of the most roaring blades of the neighbourhood.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge v. 263 He's a knowing blade!
1857 F. Palgrave Hist. Normandy & Eng. II. 443 The clever old crafty blade spoke out with..a thorough knowledge.
c. sometimes with local or official attribute.
ΚΠ
c1626 Dick of Devonshire (1955) 454 My Devonshire blade, honest Dicke Pike.
a1642 J. Suckling Goblins iii. 35 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) [He] askes much after certaine Brittish blades, One Shakespeare and Fletcher.
1663 J. Heath Hist. Cromwell 12 [Cromwell] packs up a Juncto of Army Blades..who constitute a High Court of Justice.
a1754 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. (1755) IV. 406 Exposed to any sudden attempt from..the Buckinghamshire blades.
1883 J. Greenwood Tag, Rag, & Co. xiii. 106 Adventures of a keen Yorkshire blade.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
blade-forger n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > maker of cutting instruments > [noun] > maker of blades
blade-smithc1540
blader1598
blade-forger1831
1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 300 Hammers..used by the blade-forgers.
blade-metal n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > types of metal generally > [noun] > metals for other specific uses
organ metal1578
string-metala1626
blade-metal1645
bearing metal1850
reglet1877
1645 J. Milton Colasterion 11 The men of Toledo had store of good blade-mettle.
blade-mill n.
blade-smith n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > maker of cutting instruments > [noun] > maker of blades
blade-smithc1540
blader1598
blade-forger1831
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy v. 1592 Bochers, bladsmythis, baxters.
1569 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 301 John Tedcastle of Gatisheid, blaidsmith.
b.
blade-like n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > sharpness of edge or point > [adjective] > of edge
sharpc825
sharp-edgedc1000
well-edged1572
sheary1597
razored1613
blady1622
razor-edged1807
blade-like1859
knife-edged1863
vorpal1871
knife-edge1876
knifey1906
1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 157/1 The shaft being long and blade-like.
blade-wise adv.
C2.
blade-bone n. the shoulder blade, the corresponding bone of animals and ‘joint’ of meat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > leg or thigh > foreleg
blade-bonea1678
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > shoulder-blade
shoulder bladea1300
blade-bone1845
the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bony support for limbs > shoulder-girdle > [noun] > shoulder bone
shoulder bladea1300
shoulder bladea1300
shoulder-bonec1320
spauld-bonec1400
omoplate?a1425
scapple1578
scapula1578
shield-bonec1600
spade-bone1612
plate-bonea1665
speal-bone1771
blade-bone1845
a1678 A. Marvell Life in Wks. (1776) III. 463 I shall have the sweet blade-bone broiled.
1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iii. iv. 60 A deformity occasioned by the displacement of the bladebone.
blade-consonant n. Phonetics a consonant formed with the blade of the tongue.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > lingual > by parts of tongue
blade-consonant1877
point-consonant1888
blade-point1890
fan consonant1902
apical1964
dorsal1964
1877 H. Sweet Handbk. Phonetics 48 A blade consonant rather advanced.
1890 H. Sweet Primer Spoken Eng. 8 The blade-consonant s is formed with the ‘blade’ or flattened point of the tongue; if the tongue is retracted from this position, and the point raised, we get the blade-point consonant ʃ in ‘fish’.
blade-fish n. one of the ribbonfishes ( Trichiurus lepturus).
blade-point n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by place or organ > [noun] > lingual > by parts of tongue
blade-consonant1877
point-consonant1888
blade-point1890
fan consonant1902
apical1964
dorsal1964
1890Blade-point [see blade-consonant n.].
blade-spring n. a form of spring used to hold piston rings in place.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > part of > spring
spring1428
sprent1511
gin1591
resort1598
worm1724
worm-spring1730
scape-spring1825
leaf spring1855
blade-spring1863
nest spring1866
tension spring1877
coil spring1890
1863 F. Campin Pract. Treat. Mech. Engin. 130 Four arms, which serve a double purpose, connecting the boss with the top and bottom of the piston, and carrying at their extremities the blade-springs.
blade-work n. work done with the blade of an oar.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [noun] > rowing > work done with blade of oar
blade-work1905
1905 Daily Chron. 30 Mar. 6/7 Their blade work is not pretty, the finish not being clean, and the feather frequently under water.
1959 Times 13 Mar. 18/1 They [sc. the Cambridge crew] went up quickly, in spite of some dirty bladework.

Draft additions June 2014

A lower limb prosthesis designed for athletes, consisting of a flattened length of hard but flexible material (typically carbon fibre) with a long, curved foot section. Frequently with preceding word, esp. in running blade.
ΚΠ
1994 U.S. Patent 5,376,133 4 An artificial foot comprised of a foot blade and a hollow housing, wherein said foot blade..is connected to said housing so as to permit relative movement.]
2000 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 18 Oct. (Sport section) 85 Specially designed titanium knee joints allow athletes to attach prosthetic running blades to their legs.
2004 Florida Times-Union (Nexis) 27 June b1 Because he [sc. Oscar Pistorius] is a sprinter, he uses a different type of foot blade than those used by long-distance runners.
2006 Times (Nexis) 24 Apr. 64 (Sport section) [He] begins to strip down, takes off his everyday legs.., puts on his blades.., then is up and sprinting off.
2013 Toronto Star (Nexis) 15 Sept. a1 Amputee athletes sprint and run marathons on springy carbon-fibre blades.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bladev.

Brit. /bleɪd/, U.S. /bleɪd/
Etymology: < blade n. Compare German blatten in sense 1.
1. transitive. To take off the blades (senses 1, 3). dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip of foliage or fruit > strip of leaves
bladec1440
disfulȝea1525
unleave1589
unleaf1598
defoil1601
disleaf1605
unfurnish1712
defoliate1793
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 37 Bladyn herbys, or take away the bladys, detirso.
1818 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Sept. 155 (Jam.) When she had gane out to blade some kail for the pat.
1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down To Blade mangles, to take the outside leaves off growing mangolds.
2. To provide with a (cutting) blade.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > provide with cutting tool [verb (transitive)] > blade
bladec1440
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 37 Bladyn haftys, scindulo.
1801 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 12 590 To blade the prow of the gondola of embassy.
3. intransitive. To put forth blades or leaves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > have leaves [verb (intransitive)] > grow leaves or be in leaf
leavec1300
blade1601
leaf1611
infoliate1640
foliate1775
frondescea1816
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xviii. xvii Otherwise the corn would never spindle, but blade still, and run all to leafe.
1633 P. Fletcher Elisa 126 in Purple Island Down falls her glorious leaf, & never more it bladeth.
1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. iv. 41 Grass was blading out upon it.
†4. to blade it: to fight. to blade it out: to fight a matter out with the sword. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or thrust with sword > use or fight with sword [verb (intransitive)]
skirmisha1387
swash1556
to blade ita1566
to fight, play, etc. at the sharp1579
to cross swords1816
a1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) sig. Civv Rather then I wyll lose the spoyle, I wyll blade it out.
1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet 15 None dare blade it with thee.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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