semiconductorn.

Etymology: semi- prefix 2c(a).Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: semiconˈductor.

Physics.

a. A material whose capacity to conduct electricity is intermediate between that of a good conductor and an insulator. Obsolete except as in b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > semiconducting material or device

semiconductor1838

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > transmission of electricity, conduction > [noun] > conductor > of intermediate power

semiconductor1838

1838 Ann. Electr., Magnetism, & Chem. 3 316 Lichtenberg..observes..‘it is deserving of a trial also whether phosphorus would not become ignited at points whence a stream [of electricity] is issuing, on a semi-conductor being inserted between them’.

1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics ix. iv. 592 The retardation which electricity experiences in traversing a semi~conductor, such as a wet string.

1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) iv Carbon and certain other semi-conductors.

1900 Engineering 28 Sept. 412/3 Semi-conductors like iron filings.

b. spec. Such a material in which there is a narrow gap between permitted energy bands, so that the only current carriers are electrons thermally excited from the valence band into the conduction band ( intrinsic semiconductor: see intrinsic adj. 3e) or into intermediate energy levels provided by impurity ions ( extrinsic semiconductor).

ΚΠ

1931 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 133 459 It is not possible to maintain that the difference between good and bad conductors is one of degree only... There is an essential difference between a semi-conductor, such as germanium, and a good conductor, such as silver, which must be accounted for by any theory which attempts to deal with semi-conductors.

1946 Electronic Engin. 18 66/2 It is well known that ‘semi-conductors’, such as carbon, silicon.., etc., possess negative temperature coefficients of resistance at ordinary temperatures.

1961 G. R. Choppin Exper. Nucl. Chem. iii. 41 The semiconductor detectors..are made from thin (approximately 1mm) wafers of semiconductor silicon.

1970 J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) xx. 623 In an extrinsic or doped semiconductor, impurities are added to the intrinsic material to give a predominance of either electrons (in n-type material) or holes (in p-type material) as charge carriers.

1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Oct. 692/2 Sometimes a significant advance in technology may itself create a new market, as did the advent of the semiconductors to the small ‘transistor radio’ market.

Compounds

Special combinations:

semiconductor diode n. a diode whose rectifying action depends on the properties of a junction between a semiconductor and either a metal or another type of semiconductor; cf. junction diode n. at junction n. Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1954 Trans. IRE Prof. Group Broadcast & Television Receivers July 34 (heading) Semiconductor diodes for TV receivers.

1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vii. 34 One of the highest-volume uses of the semiconductor diode is in computers.

semiconductor junction n. = junction n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > transition zone

junction1949

p–n junction1949

unijunction1957

varactor1959

heterojunction1960

homojunction1960

varicap1967

semiconductor junction1975

1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vii. 35 When a semiconductor junction is exposed to light, photons generate hole-electron pairs.

semiconductor rectifier n. a semiconductor diode, usually one intended for large currents.

ΚΠ

1946 Physical Rev. 69 42/2 This effective contact e.m.f. is one important parameter in the theory and practice of semi-conductor rectifiers.

1962 Times 14 May 14/7 Semiconductor rectifiers on heavy-duty electric railway locomotives.

semiconductor triode n. a junction transistor having two junctions.

ΚΠ

1948 Physical Rev. 74 230/1 (heading) A semi-conductor triode.

1970 D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) xii. 262 The transistor is a semiconductor triode possessing characteristics which are similar in many respects to those of thermionic triodes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	semiconductor
释义	semiconductorn. Etymology: semi- prefix 2c(a).Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: semiconˈductor. Physics. a. A material whose capacity to conduct electricity is intermediate between that of a good conductor and an insulator. Obsolete except as in b. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > semiconducting material or device semiconductor1838 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > transmission of electricity, conduction > [noun] > conductor > of intermediate power semiconductor1838 1838 Ann. Electr., Magnetism, & Chem. 3 316 Lichtenberg..observes..‘it is deserving of a trial also whether phosphorus would not become ignited at points whence a stream [of electricity] is issuing, on a semi-conductor being inserted between them’. 1863 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics ix. iv. 592 The retardation which electricity experiences in traversing a semi~conductor, such as a wet string. 1879 G. B. Prescott Speaking Telephone (new ed.) iv Carbon and certain other semi-conductors. 1900 Engineering 28 Sept. 412/3 Semi-conductors like iron filings. b. spec. Such a material in which there is a narrow gap between permitted energy bands, so that the only current carriers are electrons thermally excited from the valence band into the conduction band ( intrinsic semiconductor: see intrinsic adj. 3e) or into intermediate energy levels provided by impurity ions ( extrinsic semiconductor). ΚΠ 1931 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 133 459 It is not possible to maintain that the difference between good and bad conductors is one of degree only... There is an essential difference between a semi-conductor, such as germanium, and a good conductor, such as silver, which must be accounted for by any theory which attempts to deal with semi-conductors. 1946 Electronic Engin. 18 66/2 It is well known that ‘semi-conductors’, such as carbon, silicon.., etc., possess negative temperature coefficients of resistance at ordinary temperatures. 1961 G. R. Choppin Exper. Nucl. Chem. iii. 41 The semiconductor detectors..are made from thin (approximately 1mm) wafers of semiconductor silicon. 1970 J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) xx. 623 In an extrinsic or doped semiconductor, impurities are added to the intrinsic material to give a predominance of either electrons (in n-type material) or holes (in p-type material) as charge carriers. 1979 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Oct. 692/2 Sometimes a significant advance in technology may itself create a new market, as did the advent of the semiconductors to the small ‘transistor radio’ market. Compounds Special combinations: semiconductor diode n. a diode whose rectifying action depends on the properties of a junction between a semiconductor and either a metal or another type of semiconductor; cf. junction diode n. at junction n. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1954 Trans. IRE Prof. Group Broadcast & Television Receivers July 34 (heading) Semiconductor diodes for TV receivers. 1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vii. 34 One of the highest-volume uses of the semiconductor diode is in computers. semiconductor junction n. = junction n. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > [noun] > transition zone junction1949 p–n junction1949 unijunction1957 varactor1959 heterojunction1960 homojunction1960 varicap1967 semiconductor junction1975 1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. vii. 35 When a semiconductor junction is exposed to light, photons generate hole-electron pairs. semiconductor rectifier n. a semiconductor diode, usually one intended for large currents. ΚΠ 1946 Physical Rev. 69 42/2 This effective contact e.m.f. is one important parameter in the theory and practice of semi-conductor rectifiers. 1962 Times 14 May 14/7 Semiconductor rectifiers on heavy-duty electric railway locomotives. semiconductor triode n. a junction transistor having two junctions. ΚΠ 1948 Physical Rev. 74 230/1 (heading) A semi-conductor triode. 1970 D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) xii. 262 The transistor is a semiconductor triode possessing characteristics which are similar in many respects to those of thermionic triodes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1838
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