segregationn.

/ˌsɛɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

Etymology: < late Latin sēgregātiōn-em, noun of action < Latin sēgregāre : see segregate v.

1. The action of segregating.

a. The separation or isolation of a portion of a community or a body of persons from the rest.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > separation or isolation of part of community

segregation1615

1615 N. Byfield Expos. Epist. Coloss. (1628) (i. 18) 122 The Church..is Holy by segregation from the sinnefull world.

a1677 T. Manton Serm. Psalm cxix & cxxx (1725) 600 Mat. 25. 32, 33... There is a congregation and then a segregation.

1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More (1831) I. 384 There would be that segregation from the community into particular societies.

1849 A. Bryson in J. F. W. Herschel Man. Sci. Enq. (Lords Commissioners Admiralty) 455 The utter impossibility of complete segregation [of fever patients], even in the most roomy vessel.

1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon II. vii. iii. 158 The social segregation is carried to such an extreme, that members of the several classes..refuse to associate together.

1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. vi. 215 The provision which the early Eastern Church made, with true Oriental feeling, for the segregation of women into galleries.

1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 631 Manson has also declared segregation to be the first law of hygiene for the Europeans in the tropics.

b. Dispersion, break up (of a collective unity).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > [noun] > driving away > driving away in all directions

sparpling1434

dispersionc1450

skailing?c1450

sparklingc1460

disparplinga1513

dissipation1545

dispersing1604

segregationa1616

scatteration1776

disjectiona1806

dispersal1821

scatteraway1851

spreadeagling1869

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 10 Mon. What shall we heare of this [sc. a storm]? 2 Gent. A segregation of the Turkish Fleete.

c. The separation of a portion or portions of a collective or complex unity from the rest; the isolation of particular constituents of a compound or mixture.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [noun] > separating from main body

scattering1382

segregation1617

singling1625

dismemberment1838

off-break1866

split-off1935

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 347 Segregation is the solution of that which was whole and perfect into parts diuided, which flow not together as colliquables dissolued.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxvii. viii. 1101 Vinegar is made by the corruption of wine, and the segregation of the fiery and aiery parts.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. x. §1 658 Now I have but one Matter more to work up,..which is a Segregation of Libel from History, which this Author has blended together.

1798 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 5 190 These observations..tend to authorize the segregation of a very fine set of oracles from those of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel.

1836 W. Buckland Geol. & Mineral. I. xxi. 551 A fourth hypothesis considers veins to have been slowly filled by Segregation, or infiltration... Segregation of this kind may have taken place from electro-chemical agency, continued during long periods of time.

1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 43 Ontogenetic facts point to the primitive segregation of the nervous system from the ectoderm.

1886 Ld. Coleridge in Law Times 81 65/2 The general costs of the action, which remain after the segregation of these separate costs.

in combination (Geology).1875 J. W. Dawson Life's Dawn on Earth ii. 28 Many of the veins are not true fissures but..segregation veins.1888 J. J. H. Teall Brit. Petrogr. 447 Segregation vein, a vein which has been produced by the segregation of the component mineral matter of a rock along fissures.

†d. spec. Separation from a church or ecclesiastical organization: chiefly in reproachful sense, schism. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > schism > [noun]

schismacy1387

schism1390

scission1443

segregationa1555

concision1557

scissure1566

formal schism1641

secession1660

a1555 J. Philpot in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 219 If we behold through y^e iniquity of tyme, segregations to be made wyth counterfayt religion.

1662 H. Hibbert Exercitationes Theologicæ 36 in Syntagma Theologicum Let the seperatist..through his sullen segregation..be a thief to himself.

a1680 J. Corbet Nonconformist's Plea (1683) 26 There is a great difference between inimical segregation, like sedition in a Commonwealth; and a going severally upon weighty reasons.

e. Genetics. The separation of pairs of homologous alleles or chromosomes, esp. as occurs at meiosis in the formation of gametes by a heterozygous organism, to whose progeny different traits may consequently be transmitted.

ΚΠ

1902 W. F. R. Weldon in Biometrika 1 229 If the hybrids of the first generations [of two races of peas]..be allowed to fertilise themselves, all possible combinations of the ancestral race-characters will appear in the second generation with equal frequency... Characters intermediate between those of the ancestral races will not occur... This may be called the Law of Segregation.

1904 Rep. Evol. Comm. Royal Soc. II. 128 The balance of evidence is in favour of the belief that gametic segregation takes place at the reduction-division.

1905 R. C. Punnett Mendelism (1907) 23 (margin) The Principles of Gametic Segregation.

1909 W. Bateson Mendel's Princ. Heredity 11 This phenomenon, the dissociation of characters from each other in the course of the formation of the germs, we speak of as segregation.

1909 R. H. Lock Variation, Heredity, & Evol. viii. 202 Mendel's law of segregation.

1930 R. A. Fisher Genetical Theory Nat. Selection i. 8 The segregation of single pairs of genes, that is of single factors, was demonstrated by Mendel in his paper of 1865.

1954 Genetics 39 432 The..abnormal segregation of s has been observed whenever C 602/λ has been used as the F-parent in cross.

1970 Watsonia 8 48 We hope that the present investigation will show clearly that the concept of segregation following allopolyploidy (intergenomic segregation, Jones 1967) can offer another possible explanation of this phenomenon.

f. The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or institution. Cf. apartheid n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > segregation or discrimination

discrimination1819

colour discrimination1868

colour bar1869

segregation1903

plural democracy1939

apartheid1947

parallel development1950

separate development1955

petty apartheid1964

1903 T. T. Fortune in B. T. Washington et al. Negro Problem vii. 215 The Afro-American people have been held together rather by the segregation decreed by law..than by ties of consanguinity.

1916 Cases Supreme Court Virginia 117 692 The cities and towns of this State have the power.. to pass segregation ordinances separating the places of residence of white and colored citizens, respectively.

1927 W. M. Macmillan Cape Colour Question xviii. 288 All recent restrictive legislation, designed for the ‘segregation’ of the Natives, classes the ‘Eurafricans’ with the Europeans.

1947 Forum (Johannesburg) 17 May 29/1 Political segregation is only possible where territorial segregation is in force.

1952 N.Y. Times 14 Dec. E9/2 A ‘statement of experts’..has been filed in behalf of the NAACP, citing the ‘effects of segregation and the consequences of de-segregation’.

1957 Times 18 May 6/3 The ruling of the Supreme Court that racial segregation in public schools [in South Africa] was unconstitutional.

1974 Spartanburg (S. Carolina) Herald 25 Apr. a1/6 The black majority has the franchise in tribal homelands under South Africa's race segregation policy.

g. The isolation or separate confinement of dangerous or troublesome prisoners. Hence concrete (also segregation unit) a part of a prison designated for this purpose. Chiefly U.S.

ΚΠ

1952 K. J. Scudder Prisoners are People 82 We set aside a few cells at Chino for segregation... If some man at Chino becomes defiant or refuses to work, he is placed in segregation.

1955 T. E. Gaddis Birdman of Alcatraz x. 91 The rear half of the structure held eighteen segregation cells... It was a prison within a prison.

1964 D. Glaser Effectiveness of Prison & Parole Syst. viii. 174 The duration of disciplinary segregation is much briefer in federal prisons than in most state prisons... Men in segregation now receive the regular inmate food.

1964 D. Glaser Effectiveness of Prison & Parole Syst. viii. 175 Such units, usually called ‘administrative segregation’ in federal prisons, resemble the regular disciplinary section of a prison... The inmate may be restricted to quarters temporarily without being transferred to the segregation unit.

1974 P. W. Keve Prison Life & Human Worth ix. 158 The segregation unit needs intensive service.

1974 P. W. Keve Prison Life & Human Worth ix. 162 A man..cannot get out of segregation unless he meets certain good behavior standards.

1977 New Yorker 24 Oct. 114/3 Such sentences often included a certain number of days in segregation.

2. The condition of being segregated.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun]

sequestration1565

soleness1587

removednessa1616

sequestera1616

segregation1668

separation1685

insulation1798

isolation1833

social isolation1833

asideness1880

purdah1912

lockdown1984

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. iv. ii. 407 To which [companionship] the opposite..is being in a state of Segregation from others.

1718 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) xi. 386 Sooner than unite with her [the church of Rome]..I should rather choose to live in a state of segregation.

1841 L. Hunt Seer (1864) 81 To show the selectness and segregation of their accomplishments.

3. concrete. Something segregated; in early use, †a schismatic body.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun]

churcheOE

kirkc1175

spousea1200

lawa1225

lorea1225

religionc1325

faithc1384

sectc1386

seta1387

leara1400

hirselc1480

professiona1513

congregation1526

communion1553

schism1555

segregation1563

sex1583

hortus conclususa1631

confessiona1641

dispensation1643

sectary1651

churchship1675

cult1679

persuasion1732

denomination1746–7

connection1753

covenant1818

sectarism1821

organized religion1843

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > one of the parts into which anything is divided

dealinga1300

divisionc1374

partc1392

spacec1392

long divisionc1400

severingc1400

skyvaldc1400

foddinga1425

panelc1450

partition1561

roomstead1600

canton1601

separation1604

share1643

scissurea1667

cutting1726

departmenta1735

segment1762

compartment1793

distribution1829

segregation1859

dept.1869

section1875

tmema1891

1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 98 Ȝe dissent fra the..haly Kirk vniuersall, and als fra the segregatioun of all heretikis afoir ȝow.

1605 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 372 The schismatick uniting himselfe unto their congregations, or rather, as this Sainct sayeth, unto their segregations.

1859 R. I. Murchison Siluria (new ed.) xix. 493 Veinstones or original segregations of gold.

1869 F. Galton Hered. Genius 376 We must..consider each human or other personality..as a segregation of what already existed.

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 146 Number of feet in claim is 600, being a segregation of the north end of the Ophir Mine.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	segregation
释义	segregationn. /ˌsɛɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/ Etymology: < late Latin sēgregātiōn-em, noun of action < Latin sēgregāre : see segregate v. 1. The action of segregating. a. The separation or isolation of a portion of a community or a body of persons from the rest. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > separation or isolation of part of community segregation1615 1615 N. Byfield Expos. Epist. Coloss. (1628) (i. 18) 122 The Church..is Holy by segregation from the sinnefull world. a1677 T. Manton Serm. Psalm cxix & cxxx (1725) 600 Mat. 25. 32, 33... There is a congregation and then a segregation. 1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More (1831) I. 384 There would be that segregation from the community into particular societies. 1849 A. Bryson in J. F. W. Herschel Man. Sci. Enq. (Lords Commissioners Admiralty) 455 The utter impossibility of complete segregation [of fever patients], even in the most roomy vessel. 1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon II. vii. iii. 158 The social segregation is carried to such an extreme, that members of the several classes..refuse to associate together. 1861 A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedral of 19th Cent. vi. 215 The provision which the early Eastern Church made, with true Oriental feeling, for the segregation of women into galleries. 1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 631 Manson has also declared segregation to be the first law of hygiene for the Europeans in the tropics. b. Dispersion, break up (of a collective unity). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > [noun] > driving away > driving away in all directions sparpling1434 dispersionc1450 skailing?c1450 sparklingc1460 disparplinga1513 dissipation1545 dispersing1604 segregationa1616 scatteration1776 disjectiona1806 dispersal1821 scatteraway1851 spreadeagling1869 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 10 Mon. What shall we heare of this [sc. a storm]? 2 Gent. A segregation of the Turkish Fleete. View more context for this quotation c. The separation of a portion or portions of a collective or complex unity from the rest; the isolation of particular constituents of a compound or mixture. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [noun] > separating from main body scattering1382 segregation1617 singling1625 dismemberment1838 off-break1866 split-off1935 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 347 Segregation is the solution of that which was whole and perfect into parts diuided, which flow not together as colliquables dissolued. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xxvii. viii. 1101 Vinegar is made by the corruption of wine, and the segregation of the fiery and aiery parts. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) iii. x. §1 658 Now I have but one Matter more to work up,..which is a Segregation of Libel from History, which this Author has blended together. 1798 W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. 5 190 These observations..tend to authorize the segregation of a very fine set of oracles from those of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. 1836 W. Buckland Geol. & Mineral. I. xxi. 551 A fourth hypothesis considers veins to have been slowly filled by Segregation, or infiltration... Segregation of this kind may have taken place from electro-chemical agency, continued during long periods of time. 1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 43 Ontogenetic facts point to the primitive segregation of the nervous system from the ectoderm. 1886 Ld. Coleridge in Law Times 81 65/2 The general costs of the action, which remain after the segregation of these separate costs. in combination (Geology).1875 J. W. Dawson Life's Dawn on Earth ii. 28 Many of the veins are not true fissures but..segregation veins.1888 J. J. H. Teall Brit. Petrogr. 447 Segregation vein, a vein which has been produced by the segregation of the component mineral matter of a rock along fissures. †d. spec. Separation from a church or ecclesiastical organization: chiefly in reproachful sense, schism. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > sectarianism > schism > [noun] schismacy1387 schism1390 scission1443 segregationa1555 concision1557 scissure1566 formal schism1641 secession1660 a1555 J. Philpot in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 219 If we behold through y^e iniquity of tyme, segregations to be made wyth counterfayt religion. 1662 H. Hibbert Exercitationes Theologicæ 36 in Syntagma Theologicum Let the seperatist..through his sullen segregation..be a thief to himself. a1680 J. Corbet Nonconformist's Plea (1683) 26 There is a great difference between inimical segregation, like sedition in a Commonwealth; and a going severally upon weighty reasons. e. Genetics. The separation of pairs of homologous alleles or chromosomes, esp. as occurs at meiosis in the formation of gametes by a heterozygous organism, to whose progeny different traits may consequently be transmitted. ΚΠ 1902 W. F. R. Weldon in Biometrika 1 229 If the hybrids of the first generations [of two races of peas]..be allowed to fertilise themselves, all possible combinations of the ancestral race-characters will appear in the second generation with equal frequency... Characters intermediate between those of the ancestral races will not occur... This may be called the Law of Segregation. 1904 Rep. Evol. Comm. Royal Soc. II. 128 The balance of evidence is in favour of the belief that gametic segregation takes place at the reduction-division. 1905 R. C. Punnett Mendelism (1907) 23 (margin) The Principles of Gametic Segregation. 1909 W. Bateson Mendel's Princ. Heredity 11 This phenomenon, the dissociation of characters from each other in the course of the formation of the germs, we speak of as segregation. 1909 R. H. Lock Variation, Heredity, & Evol. viii. 202 Mendel's law of segregation. 1930 R. A. Fisher Genetical Theory Nat. Selection i. 8 The segregation of single pairs of genes, that is of single factors, was demonstrated by Mendel in his paper of 1865. 1954 Genetics 39 432 The..abnormal segregation of s has been observed whenever C 602/λ has been used as the F-parent in cross. 1970 Watsonia 8 48 We hope that the present investigation will show clearly that the concept of segregation following allopolyploidy (intergenomic segregation, Jones 1967) can offer another possible explanation of this phenomenon. f. The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or institution. Cf. apartheid n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > racial attitudes > [noun] > racism > segregation or discrimination discrimination1819 colour discrimination1868 colour bar1869 segregation1903 plural democracy1939 apartheid1947 parallel development1950 separate development1955 petty apartheid1964 1903 T. T. Fortune in B. T. Washington et al. Negro Problem vii. 215 The Afro-American people have been held together rather by the segregation decreed by law..than by ties of consanguinity. 1916 Cases Supreme Court Virginia 117 692 The cities and towns of this State have the power.. to pass segregation ordinances separating the places of residence of white and colored citizens, respectively. 1927 W. M. Macmillan Cape Colour Question xviii. 288 All recent restrictive legislation, designed for the ‘segregation’ of the Natives, classes the ‘Eurafricans’ with the Europeans. 1947 Forum (Johannesburg) 17 May 29/1 Political segregation is only possible where territorial segregation is in force. 1952 N.Y. Times 14 Dec. E9/2 A ‘statement of experts’..has been filed in behalf of the NAACP, citing the ‘effects of segregation and the consequences of de-segregation’. 1957 Times 18 May 6/3 The ruling of the Supreme Court that racial segregation in public schools [in South Africa] was unconstitutional. 1974 Spartanburg (S. Carolina) Herald 25 Apr. a1/6 The black majority has the franchise in tribal homelands under South Africa's race segregation policy. g. The isolation or separate confinement of dangerous or troublesome prisoners. Hence concrete (also segregation unit) a part of a prison designated for this purpose. Chiefly U.S. ΚΠ 1952 K. J. Scudder Prisoners are People 82 We set aside a few cells at Chino for segregation... If some man at Chino becomes defiant or refuses to work, he is placed in segregation. 1955 T. E. Gaddis Birdman of Alcatraz x. 91 The rear half of the structure held eighteen segregation cells... It was a prison within a prison. 1964 D. Glaser Effectiveness of Prison & Parole Syst. viii. 174 The duration of disciplinary segregation is much briefer in federal prisons than in most state prisons... Men in segregation now receive the regular inmate food. 1964 D. Glaser Effectiveness of Prison & Parole Syst. viii. 175 Such units, usually called ‘administrative segregation’ in federal prisons, resemble the regular disciplinary section of a prison... The inmate may be restricted to quarters temporarily without being transferred to the segregation unit. 1974 P. W. Keve Prison Life & Human Worth ix. 158 The segregation unit needs intensive service. 1974 P. W. Keve Prison Life & Human Worth ix. 162 A man..cannot get out of segregation unless he meets certain good behavior standards. 1977 New Yorker 24 Oct. 114/3 Such sentences often included a certain number of days in segregation. 2. The condition of being segregated. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] sequestration1565 soleness1587 removednessa1616 sequestera1616 segregation1668 separation1685 insulation1798 isolation1833 social isolation1833 asideness1880 purdah1912 lockdown1984 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. iv. ii. 407 To which [companionship] the opposite..is being in a state of Segregation from others. 1718 Bp. T. Wilson in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) xi. 386 Sooner than unite with her [the church of Rome]..I should rather choose to live in a state of segregation. 1841 L. Hunt Seer (1864) 81 To show the selectness and segregation of their accomplishments. 3. concrete. Something segregated; in early use, †a schismatic body. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun] churcheOE kirkc1175 spousea1200 lawa1225 lorea1225 religionc1325 faithc1384 sectc1386 seta1387 leara1400 hirselc1480 professiona1513 congregation1526 communion1553 schism1555 segregation1563 sex1583 hortus conclususa1631 confessiona1641 dispensation1643 sectary1651 churchship1675 cult1679 persuasion1732 denomination1746–7 connection1753 covenant1818 sectarism1821 organized religion1843 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > one of the parts into which anything is divided dealinga1300 divisionc1374 partc1392 spacec1392 long divisionc1400 severingc1400 skyvaldc1400 foddinga1425 panelc1450 partition1561 roomstead1600 canton1601 separation1604 share1643 scissurea1667 cutting1726 departmenta1735 segment1762 compartment1793 distribution1829 segregation1859 dept.1869 section1875 tmema1891 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 98 Ȝe dissent fra the..haly Kirk vniuersall, and als fra the segregatioun of all heretikis afoir ȝow. 1605 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 372 The schismatick uniting himselfe unto their congregations, or rather, as this Sainct sayeth, unto their segregations. 1859 R. I. Murchison Siluria (new ed.) xix. 493 Veinstones or original segregations of gold. 1869 F. Galton Hered. Genius 376 We must..consider each human or other personality..as a segregation of what already existed. 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 146 Number of feet in claim is 600, being a segregation of the north end of the Ophir Mine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1555
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