† seldn.

Forms: Old English seld, Middle English selt, Middle English seld, Middle English selde, 1500s Historical silde.

Etymology: Old English seld neuter, metathetic form of setl settle n.¹(A distinct word from Old English sęld, sæld mansion, hall.)

Obsolete.

1. A seat, throne.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > seat of office or authority

seldc825

stoolc897

high settlec950

seatc1175

benchc1330

stool1390

chair1393

stall1399

estatea1475

chair of state1498

statea1500

office chaira1715

c825 Vesp. Psalter x. 5 In heofene seld his.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 93 Ða apostoli siððan..isetten iacob þet wes ihaten rihtwis on cristes selt [Ælfric setle].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12970 And þa six swin he gon æten alle ær he arise of selde [c1300 Otho sete].

2. A shop. (In Latin records selda or silda; also in Anglo-Norman form seude.) Also, a stand for spectators.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop

shopc1390

seldc1450

cheap-house1606

bursea1661

swag1676

repository1725

store1731

warehouse1754

sale-shop1757

shoppie1773

emporium1803

mercantile1984

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > place where view obtained > [noun] > gallery or stand for spectators

seld1598

stand1615

ventilator1822

spectatory1829

press gallery1869

bleacher1889

bleachery1909

waving-base1954

1407 Maldon (Essex) Liber A lf. 14^v Pro parcella terre de communi super quam finis unius seude in le draperie est edificatus.]

c1450 Godstow Reg. 96 And ij. seldis in the market of Wycombe.

c1450 Godstow Reg. 508 One selde, with a solar ouer the same selde I-bilde.

1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 206 After which time the king caused this silde or shede to bee made, and strongly to bee builded of stone, for himself, the Queene, and other estates to stand in, and there to behold the iustings.

1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 207 The men of Bredstreete ward contended with the men of Cordwayner street ward, for a selde or shede.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† seldadv.adj.

Forms: Middle English–1600s selde, Middle English–1600s seld; Middle English sealde, Middle English–1500s sielde, Middle English sylde, Middle English seyld(e, Middle English–1500s seild(e, silde, seelde, Middle English–1600s seeld, Middle English zeelde, zelde, 1500s sield, sealde, 1500s–1600s sild.

Etymology: Early Middle English selde , formed as positive to seldor , seldost , in Old English used as comparative and superlative of seldan seldom adv. and adj.

Obsolete.

A. adv.

a. = seldom adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb]

seldom-whenc888

seldomc897

seld-whenc897

seldoma1000

seldc1000

seldom-timec1386

seld-timec1386

seld-whilea1387

seld-where1390

thinc1405

rare?1440

sendle?a1500

daintilya1513

thinlyc1545

rarely1546

once in a moon1547

out-takingly1549

seldomly1549

for once and away1583

sparingly1590

scarce1596

unfrequently1646

unoften1654

infrequently1673

once in a while1765

sporadically1765

sparselya1871

seldom-while1876

(for) once in a way1891

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxxviii. 240 Raro seldan, rarius seldor, rarissime ealra seldost.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 207 He haueð..gon..seldere þene he sholde to his chirche.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8952 For selde [c1300 Otho sealde] he aswint þe to him-seolue þencheð.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 474/424 Ȝwane he is wroth, he doth wreche, ake þat fallez ful sielde.

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. met. iii. 26 Ȝif the forme of this worlde is so zeelde stable.

c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 371 The peple hym heelde A prudent man, and that is seyn ful seelde.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 131 Egypt is silde bereyne.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 175 b/2 He wente ofte barefote and selde ware ony gyrdle.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 225/2 It is pytye that we see suche lyghte so sielde.

1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late ii. sig. E^v Report that sild to honour is a friend.

1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso ix. xxiv. 67 A weapon strange, before this seene but seeld.

1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. iv. 26 Though such a fall hath heard of been but seeld.

b. predicatively. (Cf. seldom adv. d.)

ΚΠ

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 78 For sielde it is that love alloweth The gentil man withoute god.

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) xiii. 141 Wherfore it is right selde þat Frenchmen be hanged ffor robbery.

B. adj.

= seldom adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adjective]

seld1398

seldom1483

rare1565

secular1599

unfrequent1611

straggling1618

infrequent1622

unobvious1643

far-between1743

rarish1772

unwonted1785

sporadic1842

low frequency1946

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxxvi. k j Yf the herte be to dreye & colde he makyth..slowȝ brethe and selde [L. respiratio tarda est & rara].

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. ii. sig. F.v Let vs..make those kyndes of recreacion as shorte & as selde as we can.

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 530 Therefore hath nature bestowed..on vs a seld and vncertaine abilitie.

1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iv. sig. H2^v Honest women are so sild and rare.

Compounds

Also seldseen adj.

seld-speech n. taciturnity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [noun]

stillnessc1050

silencea1225

seld-speech?c1225

taciturnityc1450

retreata1533

mum1555

silentness1573

reticence1603

reticencya1617

reservation1619

parciloquy1656

reserve1659

costiveness1792

incommunicativeness1815

mutism1824

incommunicableness1835

ineloquence1843

incommunicability1855

unspeaking1860

mumchanceness1910

mumchanciness1920

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 62 Nohwer in ahali write ne finde we þet ha spec buten four siðen. ach for þe selt speche þe wordes weren heuie.

seld-time adv. rarely.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb]

seldom-whenc888

seldomc897

seld-whenc897

seldoma1000

seldc1000

seldom-timec1386

seld-timec1386

seld-whilea1387

seld-where1390

thinc1405

rare?1440

sendle?a1500

daintilya1513

thinlyc1545

rarely1546

once in a moon1547

out-takingly1549

seldomly1549

for once and away1583

sparingly1590

scarce1596

unfrequently1646

unoften1654

infrequently1673

once in a while1765

sporadically1765

sparselya1871

seldom-while1876

(for) once in a way1891

c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 90 I me reioysed of my liberte, That seelde [v.r. selden] tyme is founde in mariage.

seld-when adv. (also -whens) rarely.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb]

seldom-whenc888

seldomc897

seld-whenc897

seldoma1000

seldc1000

seldom-timec1386

seld-timec1386

seld-whilea1387

seld-where1390

thinc1405

rare?1440

sendle?a1500

daintilya1513

thinlyc1545

rarely1546

once in a moon1547

out-takingly1549

seldomly1549

for once and away1583

sparingly1590

scarce1596

unfrequently1646

unoften1654

infrequently1673

once in a while1765

sporadically1765

sparselya1871

seldom-while1876

(for) once in a way1891

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xliii. 313 Ðonne cymð sio blis seldhwanne.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 315 Swich ach wummone lare to beon. luuelich & liðe. selthwenne sturne.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 333 Men of that lond haueþ no feuere, but onliche þe feuere agu, and þat wel silde whanne.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 157 Thow shalte Preyse and commende scarsly and seldewannes.

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xii. sig. F Meete shall they seldwhan, or haply neuer.

seld-where adv. rarely.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb]

seldom-whenc888

seldomc897

seld-whenc897

seldoma1000

seldc1000

seldom-timec1386

seld-timec1386

seld-whilea1387

seld-where1390

thinc1405

rare?1440

sendle?a1500

daintilya1513

thinlyc1545

rarely1546

once in a moon1547

out-takingly1549

seldomly1549

for once and away1583

sparingly1590

scarce1596

unfrequently1646

unoften1654

infrequently1673

once in a while1765

sporadically1765

sparselya1871

seldom-while1876

(for) once in a way1891

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 234 Chastete, which sielde wher Comth nou adaies into place.

seld-while adv. rarely.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb]

seldom-whenc888

seldomc897

seld-whenc897

seldoma1000

seldc1000

seldom-timec1386

seld-timec1386

seld-whilea1387

seld-where1390

thinc1405

rare?1440

sendle?a1500

daintilya1513

thinlyc1545

rarely1546

once in a moon1547

out-takingly1549

seldomly1549

for once and away1583

sparingly1590

scarce1596

unfrequently1646

unoften1654

infrequently1673

once in a while1765

sporadically1765

sparselya1871

seldom-while1876

(for) once in a way1891

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 389 Þey..eteþ wel seelde while.

seld-heard-of adj.

ΚΠ

1597 Certain Prayers in W. K. Clay Liturg. Services Q. Eliz. (Parker Soc.) 671 Thy rare-seen, unused, and seeld-heard-of goodness.

seld-known adj.

ΚΠ

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xii. 256 Strange and seld-knowne opinions.

seld-shaven adj.

ΚΠ

1800 C. Lamb Let. 14 Aug. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1975) I. 224 Please to blot out gentle hearted, and substitute..seld-shaven, odd-ey'd, stuttering, or any other epithet.

seld-shown adj.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. i. 210 Seld-showne Flamins Doe presse among the popular Throngs.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	seld
释义	† seldn. Forms: Old English seld, Middle English selt, Middle English seld, Middle English selde, 1500s Historical silde. Etymology: Old English seld neuter, metathetic form of setl settle n.¹(A distinct word from Old English sęld, sæld mansion, hall.) Obsolete. 1. A seat, throne. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > seat of office or authority seldc825 stoolc897 high settlec950 seatc1175 benchc1330 stool1390 chair1393 stall1399 estatea1475 chair of state1498 statea1500 office chaira1715 c825 Vesp. Psalter x. 5 In heofene seld his. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 93 Ða apostoli siððan..isetten iacob þet wes ihaten rihtwis on cristes selt [Ælfric setle]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12970 And þa six swin he gon æten alle ær he arise of selde [c1300 Otho sete]. 2. A shop. (In Latin records selda or silda; also in Anglo-Norman form seude.) Also, a stand for spectators. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop shopc1390 seldc1450 cheap-house1606 bursea1661 swag1676 repository1725 store1731 warehouse1754 sale-shop1757 shoppie1773 emporium1803 mercantile1984 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > place where view obtained > [noun] > gallery or stand for spectators seld1598 stand1615 ventilator1822 spectatory1829 press gallery1869 bleacher1889 bleachery1909 waving-base1954 1407 Maldon (Essex) Liber A lf. 14^v Pro parcella terre de communi super quam finis unius seude in le draperie est edificatus.] c1450 Godstow Reg. 96 And ij. seldis in the market of Wycombe. c1450 Godstow Reg. 508 One selde, with a solar ouer the same selde I-bilde. 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 206 After which time the king caused this silde or shede to bee made, and strongly to bee builded of stone, for himself, the Queene, and other estates to stand in, and there to behold the iustings. 1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 207 The men of Bredstreete ward contended with the men of Cordwayner street ward, for a selde or shede. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † seldadv.adj. Forms: Middle English–1600s selde, Middle English–1600s seld; Middle English sealde, Middle English–1500s sielde, Middle English sylde, Middle English seyld(e, Middle English–1500s seild(e, silde, seelde, Middle English–1600s seeld, Middle English zeelde, zelde, 1500s sield, sealde, 1500s–1600s sild. Etymology: Early Middle English selde , formed as positive to seldor , seldost , in Old English used as comparative and superlative of seldan seldom adv. and adj. Obsolete. A. adv. a. = seldom adv. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] seldom-whenc888 seldomc897 seld-whenc897 seldoma1000 seldc1000 seldom-timec1386 seld-timec1386 seld-whilea1387 seld-where1390 thinc1405 rare?1440 sendle?a1500 daintilya1513 thinlyc1545 rarely1546 once in a moon1547 out-takingly1549 seldomly1549 for once and away1583 sparingly1590 scarce1596 unfrequently1646 unoften1654 infrequently1673 once in a while1765 sporadically1765 sparselya1871 seldom-while1876 (for) once in a way1891 c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxxviii. 240 Raro seldan, rarius seldor, rarissime ealra seldost. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 207 He haueð..gon..seldere þene he sholde to his chirche. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8952 For selde [c1300 Otho sealde] he aswint þe to him-seolue þencheð. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 474/424 Ȝwane he is wroth, he doth wreche, ake þat fallez ful sielde. c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. met. iii. 26 Ȝif the forme of this worlde is so zeelde stable. c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 371 The peple hym heelde A prudent man, and that is seyn ful seelde. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 131 Egypt is silde bereyne. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 175 b/2 He wente ofte barefote and selde ware ony gyrdle. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii, in Wks. 225/2 It is pytye that we see suche lyghte so sielde. 1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late ii. sig. E^v Report that sild to honour is a friend. 1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso ix. xxiv. 67 A weapon strange, before this seene but seeld. 1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. iv. 26 Though such a fall hath heard of been but seeld. b. predicatively. (Cf. seldom adv. d.) ΚΠ 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 78 For sielde it is that love alloweth The gentil man withoute god. c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) xiii. 141 Wherfore it is right selde þat Frenchmen be hanged ffor robbery. B. adj. = seldom adj. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adjective] seld1398 seldom1483 rare1565 secular1599 unfrequent1611 straggling1618 infrequent1622 unobvious1643 far-between1743 rarish1772 unwonted1785 sporadic1842 low frequency1946 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. xxxvi. k j Yf the herte be to dreye & colde he makyth..slowȝ brethe and selde [L. respiratio tarda est & rara]. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. ii. sig. F.v Let vs..make those kyndes of recreacion as shorte & as selde as we can. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 530 Therefore hath nature bestowed..on vs a seld and vncertaine abilitie. 1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iv. sig. H2^v Honest women are so sild and rare. Compounds Also seldseen adj. seld-speech n. taciturnity. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > [noun] stillnessc1050 silencea1225 seld-speech?c1225 taciturnityc1450 retreata1533 mum1555 silentness1573 reticence1603 reticencya1617 reservation1619 parciloquy1656 reserve1659 costiveness1792 incommunicativeness1815 mutism1824 incommunicableness1835 ineloquence1843 incommunicability1855 unspeaking1860 mumchanceness1910 mumchanciness1920 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 62 Nohwer in ahali write ne finde we þet ha spec buten four siðen. ach for þe selt speche þe wordes weren heuie. seld-time adv. rarely. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] seldom-whenc888 seldomc897 seld-whenc897 seldoma1000 seldc1000 seldom-timec1386 seld-timec1386 seld-whilea1387 seld-where1390 thinc1405 rare?1440 sendle?a1500 daintilya1513 thinlyc1545 rarely1546 once in a moon1547 out-takingly1549 seldomly1549 for once and away1583 sparingly1590 scarce1596 unfrequently1646 unoften1654 infrequently1673 once in a while1765 sporadically1765 sparselya1871 seldom-while1876 (for) once in a way1891 c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 90 I me reioysed of my liberte, That seelde [v.r. selden] tyme is founde in mariage. seld-when adv. (also -whens) rarely. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] seldom-whenc888 seldomc897 seld-whenc897 seldoma1000 seldc1000 seldom-timec1386 seld-timec1386 seld-whilea1387 seld-where1390 thinc1405 rare?1440 sendle?a1500 daintilya1513 thinlyc1545 rarely1546 once in a moon1547 out-takingly1549 seldomly1549 for once and away1583 sparingly1590 scarce1596 unfrequently1646 unoften1654 infrequently1673 once in a while1765 sporadically1765 sparselya1871 seldom-while1876 (for) once in a way1891 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xliii. 313 Ðonne cymð sio blis seldhwanne. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 315 Swich ach wummone lare to beon. luuelich & liðe. selthwenne sturne. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 333 Men of that lond haueþ no feuere, but onliche þe feuere agu, and þat wel silde whanne. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 157 Thow shalte Preyse and commende scarsly and seldewannes. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xii. sig. F Meete shall they seldwhan, or haply neuer. seld-where adv. rarely. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] seldom-whenc888 seldomc897 seld-whenc897 seldoma1000 seldc1000 seldom-timec1386 seld-timec1386 seld-whilea1387 seld-where1390 thinc1405 rare?1440 sendle?a1500 daintilya1513 thinlyc1545 rarely1546 once in a moon1547 out-takingly1549 seldomly1549 for once and away1583 sparingly1590 scarce1596 unfrequently1646 unoften1654 infrequently1673 once in a while1765 sporadically1765 sparselya1871 seldom-while1876 (for) once in a way1891 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 234 Chastete, which sielde wher Comth nou adaies into place. seld-while adv. rarely. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > infrequency > [adverb] seldom-whenc888 seldomc897 seld-whenc897 seldoma1000 seldc1000 seldom-timec1386 seld-timec1386 seld-whilea1387 seld-where1390 thinc1405 rare?1440 sendle?a1500 daintilya1513 thinlyc1545 rarely1546 once in a moon1547 out-takingly1549 seldomly1549 for once and away1583 sparingly1590 scarce1596 unfrequently1646 unoften1654 infrequently1673 once in a while1765 sporadically1765 sparselya1871 seldom-while1876 (for) once in a way1891 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 389 Þey..eteþ wel seelde while. seld-heard-of adj. ΚΠ 1597 Certain Prayers in W. K. Clay Liturg. Services Q. Eliz. (Parker Soc.) 671 Thy rare-seen, unused, and seeld-heard-of goodness. seld-known adj. ΚΠ 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. ii. xii. 256 Strange and seld-knowne opinions. seld-shaven adj. ΚΠ 1800 C. Lamb Let. 14 Aug. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1975) I. 224 Please to blot out gentle hearted, and substitute..seld-shaven, odd-ey'd, stuttering, or any other epithet. seld-shown adj. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. i. 210 Seld-showne Flamins Doe presse among the popular Throngs. View more context for this quotation This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1911; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c825adv.adj.c897
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