selfoden.

Brit.

/ˈsɛlfəʊd/, U.S.

/ˈsɛlfˌoʊd/

Forms:

α. Middle English selfoder.

β. Middle English selffode, Middle English shelffode, Middle English (1700s– historical) selfode.

γ. 1500s selffehulle, 1500s selfhoulld.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from early Scandinavian, combined with an English element. Etymons: self- prefix, an element of uncertain origin.

Etymology: < self- prefix + a second element of uncertain and disputed origin (perhaps an unattested early Scandinavian cognate of Old Icelandic auðr wealth, abundance: see edness n.).It has alternatively been suggested that the second element might be hold n.¹ (compare the γ. forms, and also quot. 1794) or a variant of other pron. and n. The former suggestion is unlikely on phonological grounds, as early forms all lack the medial l ; the γ. forms probably reflect later folk-etymological alteration after hold n.¹ (compare e.g. freehold n.). The latter suggestion seems to pose semantic problems, and would also fail to account for the β. forms. Earlier currency of the English word is suggested by post-classical Latin selfodis , selfodus (1209 as sulfodis , frequently from 1282, all in British sources). In the following example the forms selfode and selfod probably show the Latin word rather than the English one (the latter form apparently with omitted abbreviation mark, representing the Latin ablative plural selfodibus ):1290–1 in Notes & Queries (1901) 2 Feb. 89/1 De qualibet selfode iij dietas vel iij denarios, exceptis selfod propriis Joh'i de Somervile in terra sua comorantibus. With the ending of the α. forms perhaps compare -er suffix¹ (compare e.g. freeholder n.).

Now historical.

Under the feudal system: a type of low-ranking tenant.The exact nature of this class of tenants (named in records mainly from Northumberland, Cumberland, and Durham) is unclear, but they appear to have been landless lodgers who paid only a small fee to the feudal lord.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > leaseholder or tenant > others

drenga1000

selfode1271

thringc1275

particular tenant1590

rack-renter1680

zamindar1683

roturier1830

statutory tenant1867

livier1883

church renter1889

congest1902

α.

1271 Inquisition Post Mortem (P.R.O.: C 132/40/6) m. 5 Exceptis redditariis qui vocantur selfoders.

β. 1350 in W. Greenwell Bp. Hatfield's Surv. (1857) 232 (MED) De lj bondis..cum eorum familiis, simul cum coterellis et shelffodes, preter hussewyvas, metentibus, colligentibus et ligantibus bladum Domini, quasi per j diem, pro opere 1 d.1472 in J. C. Hodgson Percy Bailiff's Rolls (1921) 23 (MED) De aliquo proficuo proveniente de Selfodes. 1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. & Antiq. Durham III. 114 Selfodes, or those who subsisted independent of the lands, as self-holds, of whatever degree,..paid to the lord three-pence yearly.1926 Eng. Hist. Rev. 41 8 The lowest class..are the selfodes, a numerous class whose dependence on the lord was recognized only by a small rent.1961 C. M. W. Bouch & G. P. Jones Short Econ. & Social Hist. Lake Counties 11 There were in Liddell people of low status called selfodes, who paid merely for being allowed to settle on a lord's land.γ. 1537 Court Rolls in J. Brownbill Coucher Bk. Furness Abbey (1919) II. iii. 669 [Copyholders of Dalton must not let their houses or shops to persons born outside the parish, except dealers who come to sell their wares at the market; and must not keep in their houses] ‘byhaldes’ [or] ‘selffehulles’.1542 in A. J. L. Winchester Landscape & Society in Medieval Cumbria (1987) 68 No selfhoulld shall come within the field under penalty of 12d.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	selfode
释义	selfoden. Brit. /ˈsɛlfəʊd/, U.S. /ˈsɛlfˌoʊd/ Forms: α. Middle English selfoder. β. Middle English selffode, Middle English shelffode, Middle English (1700s– historical) selfode. γ. 1500s selffehulle, 1500s selfhoulld. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a borrowing from early Scandinavian, combined with an English element. Etymons: self- prefix, an element of uncertain origin. Etymology: < self- prefix + a second element of uncertain and disputed origin (perhaps an unattested early Scandinavian cognate of Old Icelandic auðr wealth, abundance: see edness n.).It has alternatively been suggested that the second element might be hold n.¹ (compare the γ. forms, and also quot. 1794) or a variant of other pron. and n. The former suggestion is unlikely on phonological grounds, as early forms all lack the medial l ; the γ. forms probably reflect later folk-etymological alteration after hold n.¹ (compare e.g. freehold n.). The latter suggestion seems to pose semantic problems, and would also fail to account for the β. forms. Earlier currency of the English word is suggested by post-classical Latin selfodis , selfodus (1209 as sulfodis , frequently from 1282, all in British sources). In the following example the forms selfode and selfod probably show the Latin word rather than the English one (the latter form apparently with omitted abbreviation mark, representing the Latin ablative plural selfodibus ):1290–1 in Notes & Queries (1901) 2 Feb. 89/1 De qualibet selfode iij dietas vel iij denarios, exceptis selfod propriis Joh'i de Somervile in terra sua comorantibus. With the ending of the α. forms perhaps compare -er suffix¹ (compare e.g. freeholder n.). Now historical. Under the feudal system: a type of low-ranking tenant.The exact nature of this class of tenants (named in records mainly from Northumberland, Cumberland, and Durham) is unclear, but they appear to have been landless lodgers who paid only a small fee to the feudal lord. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > leaseholder or tenant > others drenga1000 selfode1271 thringc1275 particular tenant1590 rack-renter1680 zamindar1683 roturier1830 statutory tenant1867 livier1883 church renter1889 congest1902 α. 1271 Inquisition Post Mortem (P.R.O.: C 132/40/6) m. 5 Exceptis redditariis qui vocantur selfoders. β. 1350 in W. Greenwell Bp. Hatfield's Surv. (1857) 232 (MED) De lj bondis..cum eorum familiis, simul cum coterellis et shelffodes, preter hussewyvas, metentibus, colligentibus et ligantibus bladum Domini, quasi per j diem, pro opere 1 d.1472 in J. C. Hodgson Percy Bailiff's Rolls (1921) 23 (MED) De aliquo proficuo proveniente de Selfodes. 1794 W. Hutchinson Hist. & Antiq. Durham III. 114 Selfodes, or those who subsisted independent of the lands, as self-holds, of whatever degree,..paid to the lord three-pence yearly.1926 Eng. Hist. Rev. 41 8 The lowest class..are the selfodes, a numerous class whose dependence on the lord was recognized only by a small rent.1961 C. M. W. Bouch & G. P. Jones Short Econ. & Social Hist. Lake Counties 11 There were in Liddell people of low status called selfodes, who paid merely for being allowed to settle on a lord's land.γ. 1537 Court Rolls in J. Brownbill Coucher Bk. Furness Abbey (1919) II. iii. 669 [Copyholders of Dalton must not let their houses or shops to persons born outside the parish, except dealers who come to sell their wares at the market; and must not keep in their houses] ‘byhaldes’ [or] ‘selffehulles’.1542 in A. J. L. Winchester Landscape & Society in Medieval Cumbria (1987) 68 No selfhoulld shall come within the field under penalty of 12d. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1271
随便看	to wear to the stumps to wear two faces to wear two hats to wear willow to wear yellow breeches to wear yellow etc to wear yellow hose to weary out to weather to weather along to weather her way to weather it on to weather on or upon to weather out to weather the storm to weathercock it to weave and bob to weave in a stool to weave out to wed a wife to wed a woman to wife, to or unto his wife to wed to one's fere to wed to wife, to or unto his wife to wed wife to wede of, but wit