Bohemiann.adj.

Brit.

/bə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪən/, U.S.

/boʊˈhimiən/

Forms: 1500s Bohemien, 1600s Boemien, 1500s–1600s Boemian, 1500s– Bohemian.

Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element; modelled on French lexical items. Etymons: proper name Bohemia , -an suffix.

Etymology: < the name of Bohemia, a region and formerly a kingdom in central Europe + -an suffix, after Middle French boesme, French bohême, bohème ( < post-classical Latin Bohemus : see below) inhabitant of Bohemia (1372), Hussite (second quarter of the 15th cent.), Romani person (first half of the 15th cent.), vagabond, person of irregular life or habits (1659), such a person involved in the arts (1830), and also after Middle French boesmien, French bohémien inhabitant of Bohemia (second quarter of the 15th cent.), Romani person (1467), person of irregular life and habits involved in the arts (c1840) < Bohême , the name of the country (see below) + -ien -ian suffix. With use as adjective compare Middle French, French bohémien relating to Bohemia (1561 or earlier), belonging to or characteristic of socially unconventional creative artists (1843 or earlier). Compare slightly earlier Bohemish adj.The name of Bohemia is < post-classical Latin Bohemia (11th cent. or earlier; 10th cent. as Boemia ), a derivative (in -ia -ia suffix¹) of post-classical Latin Bohaemus , Bohemus inhabitant of Bohemia (11th cent. or earlier; 10th cent. as Boemus ) < classical Latin Boihaemum , the name of a region in central Europe (compare Hellenistic Greek Βουίαιμον (Strabo)), apparently < a Germanic place name < a first element going back to a name of a tribe (compare classical Latin Boiī , Hellenistic Greek Βοῖοι , βόϊοι (plural), the name of a Celtic people) + the Germanic base of home n.¹ Compare French Bohême the name of the country ( < post-classical Latin Bohemia). For early use of the place name in an English context, compare: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. cxxxviii. 806 Saxonia haþ Boemia and Polonia in þe eeste syde.1482 W. Caxton tr. Higden's Prolicionycion i. xxi. f. xxiiii^v The lasse Sclauia stretcheth fro wandalia and bohemia vnto Saxone.Compare also Middle English Beme (from late 14th cent.), early modern English Boeme Bohemia (16th cent.). The sense ‘Romani person’ arose in French due to a belief that the Romani people originated in Bohemia.

A. n.

a. A native or inhabitant of Bohemia, a region in central Europe, formerly a kingdom and part of the Austrian Empire, subsequently (from 1918–93) part of Czechoslovakia, and now (since 1993) part of the Czech Republic.Sometimes, esp. in earlier use and historical contexts, used more generally: a native or inhabitant of the lands ruled by the monarchs of Bohemia, or of the ‘Czech Lands’ collectively (see note at Czech n. 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Bohemia or Czech Republic > [noun]

Bohemian1548

Czechian1625

Czech1786

Czechoslovak1916

Czechoslovakian1919

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cx In this season, the Bohemians, (whiche belike had espied the vsurped authoritie of the bishop of Rome) began to rebell against his sea, which..wer fallen into certain sectes of heresie.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iv. ii. 132 A Bohemian borne: But here nurst vp & bred.

1786 tr. J. R. Forster Hist. Voy. & Discov. North iii. vii. 472 There are also some names of these tribes which are original; as for example, the Sorbs, or Serbs, the Tschechs, or Bohemians.

1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 469 He acceded to the demand of the Bohemians.

1939 N.Y. Times 17 Mar. 1/8 He [sc. Hitler] issued a decree making the Bohemians and Moravians subject to Berlin.

2014 Australian (Nexis) 2 Aug. (Travel section) 6 For many Bohemians, [Jan] Neruda is the miniaturist who distils the spirit of Prague.

b. Christian Church. A supporter or member of the religious reform movement begun by Jan Hus (c1372–1415) in Bohemia; a member of any of the sects founded as a result of this movement, esp. the Bohemian Brethren (see Compounds). Cf. Hussite n. a. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > other sects and movements > Utraquism > [noun] > person

Bohemian1562

Calixtin1710

utraquist1830

1562 A. Golding tr. Briefe Treat. Burnynge Bucer & Phagius sig. L.vi^v That cominge of the Bohemians vnto vs, to thentente to heare Wycklyfe, of whom we spake before, who at that time reade openlye at Oxforde: and also the going of our men to the sayde Bohemians.

1689 tr. P. Jurieu Seasonable Advice to all Protestants in Europe 2 The whole Western Church was under a sordid submission to Popery; the Waldenses, Albigenses, and Bohemians, had been extirpated by fire and sword.

1834 tr. A. Bost Hist. Bohemian & Moravian Brethren ii. 31 The count palatine being informed that one of the executioner's servants had preserved Huss' cloak and girdle, ordered them to be burned, with everything belonging to him, fearing lest the Bohemians should venerate them as sacred relics.

1952 E. von Kuehnelt-Leddihn Liberty or Equality Notes 358 Luther is a witness to the fact that Pickards and Waldensians were popularly connected with the ‘Bohemians’.

2017 I. C. Levy Europe After Wyclif vii. 183 The Bohemians had specifically appealed to this same primitive church which they regarded as the uncorrupted guardian of Christ's original intentions.

c. The West Slavonic language spoken in Bohemia, Moravia, and part of southern Silesia; = Czech n. 2. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavonic > Lechitic > Czech

Bohemian?1608

Czech1859

Czechoslovakian1924

?1608 W. B. tr. A. Ortelius Theatrum Orbis Terrarum f. 62 Their [sc. the people of Moravia] language is mixt, for the greatest part speake Bohemian, and the high Dutch is vsed only in cities among persons of best account.

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. IV. 58 124 castles, in Bohemian, zamky.

1890 K. Jonáš (title) Bohemian made easy: a practical Bohemian course for English-speaking people.

1918 W. Cather My Ántonia v. i. 378 They always spoke Bohemian at home.

2019 J. Porter Beyond Fingal's Cave i. 3 The poems were..translated..into Italian, French,..Dutch, Bohemian, and Hungarian.

2. A Gypsy, a member of the Romani people. Now rare (chiefly historical).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > race > nomads > [noun] > Gipsies or Romanies > person

gyptian1533

Egyptian1538

Bohemian1574

Gypsy1574

tinker1575

Zingani1581

Zingaro1600

moonman1608

faw1756

vagabond1756

Zingara1756

gitano1761

gitanac1770

nomade1798

Roman1800

Romani1800

Tzigane1802

Zigeuner1802

Sinti1827

piker1838

pikey1838

Rom1841

Zincalo1841

Romanichal1843

nomadian1847

Romany chai1851

didicoi1853

Bedouin1863

gyppo1868

gyp1886

1574 G. Fenton tr. J. Talpin Forme Christian Pollicie iii. xii. 167 A people drawen togeather from many places, bearing the name of Gipsies, or Bohemiens [Fr. Bohemiens], who, much lesse that they euer sawe Egipt, but knowe not where it standeth.

1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Bohemians, the same with Gypsies, Vagabonds that strowl about the Country.

1761 Gen. Evening Post 16 May 1/1 We shall soon have all our public roads infested by other vagabonds, Bohemians, known here by the name of Gitanos.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. vi. 123 I am a Zingaro, a Bohemian, an Egyptian, or whatever the Europeans..may chuse to call our people; but I have no country.

1843 G. Borrow Zincali (ed. 2) I. Introd. 38 I..arrived at the resting place of ‘certain Bohemians’, by whom I was received with kindness.

1995 S. ni Shuinéar tr. J. P. Liegéois & N. Gheorghe Roma/Gypsies: European Minority 8/2 Any gathering of more than three or four Roma/Gypsies was forbidden, and eventually from 1647, simply being a ‘Bohemian’ was made a crime punishable by being sent to the galleys.

3. Now often with lower-case initial. A person, esp. one involved in the arts, who disregards or flouts social convention, and usually associates with others who have a similarly unorthodox lifestyle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > deviation from normal standards of behaviour > one who

erratic1623

exorbitant1627

inconformable1633

non-conformant1654

original1675

nonconformista1677

eccentric1832

originalist1835

Bohemian1843

oddball1943

antisocial1945

left fielder1953

boho1958

alternative1982

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > one outside conventional society

beard1667

come-outer1840

pagan1841

Bohemian1843

Greenwich Villager1887

weirdie1894

outsider1907

white nigger1934

beardo1935

isolate1942

weirdo1955

beat1958

beatnik1958

boho1958

beatster1959

way out1959

hippie1966

rebetis1966

homeboy1967

peanut1968

Yippie1968

suedehead1970

Goth1986

grebo1987

hipster1989

1843 C. Z. Barnett Bohemians of Paris! i. i. 13 I mean by Bohemians, that class of individuals whose existence is a problem, whose condition is a mystery, whose fortune is an enigma—who, having no abodes, no asylum, are never to be found, and yet are to be met with everywhere, exercising fifty different professions—who, for the most part, rise in the morning without knowing where they shall dine in the evening.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxv. 591 She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and mother, who were both Bohemians, by taste and circumstance.

1865 Cornhill Mag. Feb. 241 There are many blackguards who are Bohemians, but it does not at all follow that every Bohemian is a blackguard.

1922 S. Lewis Babbitt xxiii. 276 He wanted to be one of these Bohemians you read about. Studio parties. Wild lovely girls who were independent.

1967 Economist 17 June 1240/1 The East Village has supplanted Greenwich Village as a new meeting ground for poets, beats, psychedelics and plain old-fashioned bohemians.

2011 Sphere Spring 114/3 Its [sc. Notting Hill's] population—a mix of wealthy City family, trust-fund kids and well-heeled bohemians—is one of the most stylish in London.

B. adj.

a. Of, relating to, or originating in Bohemia; designating or relating to Bohemians or their language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Bohemia or Czech Republic > [adjective]

Bohemish1546

Bohemian1574

Bohemic1640

Czechish1830

Czechian1837

Czechoslovak1915

Czechoslovakian1918

Czech1992

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavic > Lechitic > Czech

Bohemish1546

Bohemic1640

Bohemian1650

Czech1817

Czechish1830

Czechian1837

Czechic1854

1574 J. Studley tr. J. Bale Pageant of Popes vi. f.121^v Rodolph beinge troubled with the Bohemian warre [L. Bohemico bello], could not satisfye the Popes desire.

1650 Mercurius Politicus No. 30. 490 The Diet was a few dayes agoe finished and concluded on with the good liking of his imperiall Majestie, and is now put forth, and printed both in high-dutch and Bohemian tongues.

1733 G. Vertue Note-bks. (1936) IV. 46 Old paintings..many of the Royal Bohemian Family.

1843 tr. J. G. Kohl Austria 61 The music of the Bohemian polkas and redovaks compensated for the failure of the fireworks.

1910 W. S. Monroe Bohemia x. 189 The organization of the Sokols in 1862 has undoubtedly been the most forceful factor in the social unification of the Bohemian people.

2018 Sunshine Coast (Queensland) Daily (Nexis) 19 Mar. 28 Guests will stay in friendly family-run hotels and a Baroque chateau, beautifully situated in the Bohemian mountains.

b. Christian Church. Of, relating to, or resulting from the religious reform movement begun by Jan Hus (c1372–1415) in Bohemia; designating or relating to any of the sects founded as a result of this movement, esp. the Bohemian Brethren (see Bohemian Brethren n. at Compounds). Cf. Hussite n. b. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1593 R. Bancroft Suruay Holy Discipline xvii. 196 They deale also, with the Bohemian confession.

1679 Q. Kuhlmann Gen. London Epist. 15 The Childish Simplicity which at this day is found amongst the Bohemian Brothers and Sisters, conveighs to us the sweet Odor of this second Reformation.

1716 M. Davies Crit. Hist. 28 in Athenæ Britannicæ III Dr. Heylyn and Thorndike always declar'd for the Bohemian Reformation, preferably to that of Luther or Calvin.

1881 A. P. Stanley Christian Inst. v. 95 The Bohemian Utraquists fought with desperate energy to recover the use of the cup.

1924 Slavonic Rev. 2 611 Jan Blahoslav,..that famous bishop of the Bohemian brotherhood.

2003 Z. V. David Finding Middle Way iii. 46 Utraquism..reaffirmed its roots in the Bohemian reform movement.

c. Designating a hard potash glass developed in Bohemia, originally used for laboratory glassware and later used to make decorative or ornamental objects; esp. in Bohemian glass. Also: made from or relating to such glass.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [adjective] > other types of glass

blownc1425

Bohemian1682

grounded1698

soft1758

unsilvered1772

navelledc1817

drawn-out1822

muffled1847

ambitty1856

muffed1868

roughcast1868

Sandwich1881

fumé1883

hand-blown1885

peach-blow1886

opaque1907

mould-blown1925

offhand1941

1682 J. Partridge tr. A. von Mynsicht Thesaurus & armamentarium medico-chymicum i. 37 This Potable Bezoar is not to be kept in Venice or Bohemian Glasses [L. in vitris Venetis aut Bohemicis], but in thick German Glasses, for the more sure keeping of its spiritual virtue, for which give praise and honour to God.

1782 Encycl. Brit. IX. 6457/1 The lustres and drinking glasses made here [sc. Prague] of Bohemian crystal are much esteemed, and vended all over Europe.

1894 L. R. McCabe in Woman's Bk. II. 344/2 Twenty-five dollars will buy a complete glass service of exquisite Bohemian ware.

1930 Amer. Mag. Art. Feb. 68/2 The substance employed to make the crystal pliable for Venetian glass is soda, for pure crystal glass lead and for Bohemian glass potash.

2016 @juel_07 25 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 19 Nov. 2019) You know that feeling when your cat has smashed your £250 bohemian crystal vase.

2. Gypsy, Romani. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > race > nomads > [adjective] > Gipsy or Romany

nomadian1591

Gypsy1595

Bohemian1665

gypsyish1787

nomad1798

nomadical1801

nomadic1818

nomade1819

Romani1837

pikey1838

Romanian1841

Roman1851

Tzigane1853

mobile1866

Rom1906

1665 J. B. tr. P. Scarron Comical Romance ii. xvi. 140 He found the house occupied by a company of Bohemians or Gipsies... In this interim the Bohemian Lady [Fr. la dame Bohemienne] was delivered of a Boy.

1738 J. Swift Treat. Polite Conversat. Introd. p. vii I remember about thirty years ago, there was a Bohemian woman, of that Species commonly known by the Name of Gypsies, who came over hither from France.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxv. 591 The band of renowned Bohemian vaulters and tumblers.

1988 ‘Ultra Violet’ Famous for 15 Minutes 49 Could his tan cover up some gypsy blood?.. His very first caravan was pulled by horses in the style of Bohemian caravans.

3. Now often with lower-case initial. Socially unconventional in a way regarded as characteristic of creative artists; belonging to or characteristic of a bohemian (sense A. 3). Also spec. of clothing, esp. women’s clothing: loose-fitting or flowing, and typically having a brightly coloured or intricately patterned design.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [adjective] > not conforming to standard behaviour

irregular1395

unformalc1449

informalc1475

disordered1561

monstrous1568

odd1577

irregulate1579

exorbitant1613

free-spirited1613

exorbitating1632

inconformable1633

extravagant1650

inconform1659

eccentric1685

unconformable1702

outrageous1778

unconventional1840

erratic1841

kinky1844

Bohemian1846

radical1869

Bohemic1874

nonconforming1899

hard case1904

jazz1917

offbeat1922

deviant1935

deviate1945

oddball1945

left field1951

way out1955

boho1958

non-conformant1960

sideways1969

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > outside conventional society

Bohemian1846

Bohemic1874

Greenwich Village1919

boho1958

hippie1959

outsiderish1959

outsiderly1959

beatniky1964

long-haired1964

neo-hippie1980

1846 E. B. Barrett Let. 4 Apr. in Lett. R. Browning & E. B. Barrett (1899) II. 30 There is something fascinating to me, in that Bohemian way of living..all the conventions of society cut so close and thin, that the soul can see through.

1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. i. 6 The young man commenced Bohemian life in London.

1914 J. Joyce Dubliners 92 I've been to the Moulin Rouge,..and I've been to all the Bohemian cafés. Hot stuff!

1978 C. Lennon Twist of Lennon 12 We all felt that we must look the part, as bohemian as possible.

2007 Nylon Feb. 58/2 Her bohemian dresses are detailed with all sorts of feminine accoutrements.

2012 Time Out N.Y. 19 Apr. 29/1 Bohemian gals will love this hippie-chic company's fifth and largest NYC store.

Compounds

Bohemian Brethren n. Christian Church (now historical) a Hussite sect founded in the 15th cent. and based primarily in Bohemia and Moravia; cf. sense B. 1b, Hussite n.The sect was reorganized in 1722 as the Moravian Church (see Moravian adj.¹ 2). See also United Brethren n. at united adj. and n. Compounds, the Unity of the Brethren at unity n. Phrases 2.

ΚΠ

1650 tr. J. A. Comenius et al. Hist. Bohemian Persecution cv. 349 The monastery which the Bohemian Brethren [L. Fratres Bohemi] for a long time possessed was restored to the Monkes.

1881 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 9 144 Sectarianism was now spreading rapidly in Moravia, and, in particular, the Bohemian Brethren,..the ancestors of the present ‘Moravian’ Church, were daily increasing.

2011 O. P. Grell Brethren in Christ v. 239 The Bohemian Brethren..had been forced to leave Bohemia for the sake of their religion.

Bohemian chatterer n. now chiefly historical = Bohemian waxwing n. [After post-classical Latin garrulus Bohemicus (1555 in Gesner), with the first element (due to a similarity of appearance) after post-classical Latin garrulus communis jay (in Gesner), and with the second element after German (regional: Bavaria (in Gesner)) Behemle Bohemian waxwing (literally ‘little Bohemian’).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ptilogonatidae > genus Bombycilla (waxwing) > bombycilla garrula (Bohemian waxwing)

Bohemian chatterer1678

silk-tail1686

chatterer1731

waxen chatterer1797

Bohemian waxwing1816

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. 133 (heading) The Bohemian Chatterer. Garrulus Bohemicus, Aldrov[andus] eidem Ampelis.

1772 D. Barrington in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 316 I always conceived the Bohemian chatterer was not observed in Great Britain but at very distant intervals of years.

1975 D. Avon & T. Tilford Birds of Brit. & Europe 84 It is difficult to understand why the Waxwing was at one time called the Bohemian Chatterer, for it is fairly silent.

Bohemian waxwing n. a large waxwing that breeds in northern forests of Eurasia and North America, Bombycilla garrulus, having greyish-brown plumage with black face markings, a pointed crest, and bright red tips on the secondary wing feathers.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ptilogonatidae > genus Bombycilla (waxwing) > bombycilla garrula (Bohemian waxwing)

Bohemian chatterer1678

silk-tail1686

chatterer1731

waxen chatterer1797

Bohemian waxwing1816

1816 W. E. Leach Systematic Catal. Indigenous Mammalia & Birds Brit. Mus. 18/2 (table) Bombycilla Bohemica. Bohemian Waxwing. Kent. G. Montagu, Esq.

1959 Auk 76 533 During the winter of 1958–59 a great flight of Bohemian Waxwings occurred into many parts of the western United States where they are not usually seen.

2002 Guardian 17 Jan. ii. 15/1 The Bohemian waxwing has a taste for rowan berries that have begun to ferment.

Derivatives

Boˈhemian-like adj. reminiscent or characteristic of a bohemian (sense A. 3).

ΚΠ

1861 Standard 4 Feb. 3/4 Phil's phase of ‘seeing life’ in London is very Bohemianlike.

1886 Cyclists Touring Club Gaz. Apr. 5 The Bohemian-like contempt he harbours for all conventionalities.

2018 Inland Valley (Ontario) Daily Bull. (Nexis) 25 Feb. a1 It was a Bohemian-like place with highly colored buildings and lots of noise.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	bohemian
释义	Bohemiann.adj. Brit. /bə(ʊ)ˈhiːmɪən/, U.S. /boʊˈhimiən/ Forms: 1500s Bohemien, 1600s Boemien, 1500s–1600s Boemian, 1500s– Bohemian. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element; modelled on French lexical items. Etymons: proper name Bohemia , -an suffix. Etymology: < the name of Bohemia, a region and formerly a kingdom in central Europe + -an suffix, after Middle French boesme, French bohême, bohème ( < post-classical Latin Bohemus : see below) inhabitant of Bohemia (1372), Hussite (second quarter of the 15th cent.), Romani person (first half of the 15th cent.), vagabond, person of irregular life or habits (1659), such a person involved in the arts (1830), and also after Middle French boesmien, French bohémien inhabitant of Bohemia (second quarter of the 15th cent.), Romani person (1467), person of irregular life and habits involved in the arts (c1840) < Bohême , the name of the country (see below) + -ien -ian suffix. With use as adjective compare Middle French, French bohémien relating to Bohemia (1561 or earlier), belonging to or characteristic of socially unconventional creative artists (1843 or earlier). Compare slightly earlier Bohemish adj.The name of Bohemia is < post-classical Latin Bohemia (11th cent. or earlier; 10th cent. as Boemia ), a derivative (in -ia -ia suffix¹) of post-classical Latin Bohaemus , Bohemus inhabitant of Bohemia (11th cent. or earlier; 10th cent. as Boemus ) < classical Latin Boihaemum , the name of a region in central Europe (compare Hellenistic Greek Βουίαιμον (Strabo)), apparently < a Germanic place name < a first element going back to a name of a tribe (compare classical Latin Boiī , Hellenistic Greek Βοῖοι , βόϊοι (plural), the name of a Celtic people) + the Germanic base of home n.¹ Compare French Bohême the name of the country ( < post-classical Latin Bohemia). For early use of the place name in an English context, compare: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xv. cxxxviii. 806 Saxonia haþ Boemia and Polonia in þe eeste syde.1482 W. Caxton tr. Higden's Prolicionycion i. xxi. f. xxiiii^v The lasse Sclauia stretcheth fro wandalia and bohemia vnto Saxone.Compare also Middle English Beme (from late 14th cent.), early modern English Boeme Bohemia (16th cent.). The sense ‘Romani person’ arose in French due to a belief that the Romani people originated in Bohemia. A. n. 1. a. A native or inhabitant of Bohemia, a region in central Europe, formerly a kingdom and part of the Austrian Empire, subsequently (from 1918–93) part of Czechoslovakia, and now (since 1993) part of the Czech Republic.Sometimes, esp. in earlier use and historical contexts, used more generally: a native or inhabitant of the lands ruled by the monarchs of Bohemia, or of the ‘Czech Lands’ collectively (see note at Czech n. 1). ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Bohemia or Czech Republic > [noun] Bohemian1548 Czechian1625 Czech1786 Czechoslovak1916 Czechoslovakian1919 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cx In this season, the Bohemians, (whiche belike had espied the vsurped authoritie of the bishop of Rome) began to rebell against his sea, which..wer fallen into certain sectes of heresie. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iv. ii. 132 A Bohemian borne: But here nurst vp & bred. View more context for this quotation 1786 tr. J. R. Forster Hist. Voy. & Discov. North iii. vii. 472 There are also some names of these tribes which are original; as for example, the Sorbs, or Serbs, the Tschechs, or Bohemians. 1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) II. 469 He acceded to the demand of the Bohemians. 1939 N.Y. Times 17 Mar. 1/8 He [sc. Hitler] issued a decree making the Bohemians and Moravians subject to Berlin. 2014 Australian (Nexis) 2 Aug. (Travel section) 6 For many Bohemians, [Jan] Neruda is the miniaturist who distils the spirit of Prague. b. Christian Church. A supporter or member of the religious reform movement begun by Jan Hus (c1372–1415) in Bohemia; a member of any of the sects founded as a result of this movement, esp. the Bohemian Brethren (see Compounds). Cf. Hussite n. a. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > other sects and movements > Utraquism > [noun] > person Bohemian1562 Calixtin1710 utraquist1830 1562 A. Golding tr. Briefe Treat. Burnynge Bucer & Phagius sig. L.vi^v That cominge of the Bohemians vnto vs, to thentente to heare Wycklyfe, of whom we spake before, who at that time reade openlye at Oxforde: and also the going of our men to the sayde Bohemians. 1689 tr. P. Jurieu Seasonable Advice to all Protestants in Europe 2 The whole Western Church was under a sordid submission to Popery; the Waldenses, Albigenses, and Bohemians, had been extirpated by fire and sword. 1834 tr. A. Bost Hist. Bohemian & Moravian Brethren ii. 31 The count palatine being informed that one of the executioner's servants had preserved Huss' cloak and girdle, ordered them to be burned, with everything belonging to him, fearing lest the Bohemians should venerate them as sacred relics. 1952 E. von Kuehnelt-Leddihn Liberty or Equality Notes 358 Luther is a witness to the fact that Pickards and Waldensians were popularly connected with the ‘Bohemians’. 2017 I. C. Levy Europe After Wyclif vii. 183 The Bohemians had specifically appealed to this same primitive church which they regarded as the uncorrupted guardian of Christ's original intentions. c. The West Slavonic language spoken in Bohemia, Moravia, and part of southern Silesia; = Czech n. 2. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavonic > Lechitic > Czech Bohemian?1608 Czech1859 Czechoslovakian1924 ?1608 W. B. tr. A. Ortelius Theatrum Orbis Terrarum f. 62 Their [sc. the people of Moravia] language is mixt, for the greatest part speake Bohemian, and the high Dutch is vsed only in cities among persons of best account. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. IV. 58 124 castles, in Bohemian, zamky. 1890 K. Jonáš (title) Bohemian made easy: a practical Bohemian course for English-speaking people. 1918 W. Cather My Ántonia v. i. 378 They always spoke Bohemian at home. 2019 J. Porter Beyond Fingal's Cave i. 3 The poems were..translated..into Italian, French,..Dutch, Bohemian, and Hungarian. 2. A Gypsy, a member of the Romani people. Now rare (chiefly historical). ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > race > nomads > [noun] > Gipsies or Romanies > person gyptian1533 Egyptian1538 Bohemian1574 Gypsy1574 tinker1575 Zingani1581 Zingaro1600 moonman1608 faw1756 vagabond1756 Zingara1756 gitano1761 gitanac1770 nomade1798 Roman1800 Romani1800 Tzigane1802 Zigeuner1802 Sinti1827 piker1838 pikey1838 Rom1841 Zincalo1841 Romanichal1843 nomadian1847 Romany chai1851 didicoi1853 Bedouin1863 gyppo1868 gyp1886 1574 G. Fenton tr. J. Talpin Forme Christian Pollicie iii. xii. 167 A people drawen togeather from many places, bearing the name of Gipsies, or Bohemiens [Fr. Bohemiens], who, much lesse that they euer sawe Egipt, but knowe not where it standeth. 1696 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Bohemians, the same with Gypsies, Vagabonds that strowl about the Country. 1761 Gen. Evening Post 16 May 1/1 We shall soon have all our public roads infested by other vagabonds, Bohemians, known here by the name of Gitanos. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. vi. 123 I am a Zingaro, a Bohemian, an Egyptian, or whatever the Europeans..may chuse to call our people; but I have no country. 1843 G. Borrow Zincali (ed. 2) I. Introd. 38 I..arrived at the resting place of ‘certain Bohemians’, by whom I was received with kindness. 1995 S. ni Shuinéar tr. J. P. Liegéois & N. Gheorghe Roma/Gypsies: European Minority 8/2 Any gathering of more than three or four Roma/Gypsies was forbidden, and eventually from 1647, simply being a ‘Bohemian’ was made a crime punishable by being sent to the galleys. 3. Now often with lower-case initial. A person, esp. one involved in the arts, who disregards or flouts social convention, and usually associates with others who have a similarly unorthodox lifestyle. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > deviation from normal standards of behaviour > one who erratic1623 exorbitant1627 inconformable1633 non-conformant1654 original1675 nonconformista1677 eccentric1832 originalist1835 Bohemian1843 oddball1943 antisocial1945 left fielder1953 boho1958 alternative1982 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > one outside conventional society beard1667 come-outer1840 pagan1841 Bohemian1843 Greenwich Villager1887 weirdie1894 outsider1907 white nigger1934 beardo1935 isolate1942 weirdo1955 beat1958 beatnik1958 boho1958 beatster1959 way out1959 hippie1966 rebetis1966 homeboy1967 peanut1968 Yippie1968 suedehead1970 Goth1986 grebo1987 hipster1989 1843 C. Z. Barnett Bohemians of Paris! i. i. 13 I mean by Bohemians, that class of individuals whose existence is a problem, whose condition is a mystery, whose fortune is an enigma—who, having no abodes, no asylum, are never to be found, and yet are to be met with everywhere, exercising fifty different professions—who, for the most part, rise in the morning without knowing where they shall dine in the evening. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxv. 591 She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and mother, who were both Bohemians, by taste and circumstance. 1865 Cornhill Mag. Feb. 241 There are many blackguards who are Bohemians, but it does not at all follow that every Bohemian is a blackguard. 1922 S. Lewis Babbitt xxiii. 276 He wanted to be one of these Bohemians you read about. Studio parties. Wild lovely girls who were independent. 1967 Economist 17 June 1240/1 The East Village has supplanted Greenwich Village as a new meeting ground for poets, beats, psychedelics and plain old-fashioned bohemians. 2011 Sphere Spring 114/3 Its [sc. Notting Hill's] population—a mix of wealthy City family, trust-fund kids and well-heeled bohemians—is one of the most stylish in London. B. adj. 1. a. Of, relating to, or originating in Bohemia; designating or relating to Bohemians or their language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of Bohemia or Czech Republic > [adjective] Bohemish1546 Bohemian1574 Bohemic1640 Czechish1830 Czechian1837 Czechoslovak1915 Czechoslovakian1918 Czech1992 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Balto-Slavic > Slavic > Lechitic > Czech Bohemish1546 Bohemic1640 Bohemian1650 Czech1817 Czechish1830 Czechian1837 Czechic1854 1574 J. Studley tr. J. Bale Pageant of Popes vi. f.121^v Rodolph beinge troubled with the Bohemian warre [L. Bohemico bello], could not satisfye the Popes desire. 1650 Mercurius Politicus No. 30. 490 The Diet was a few dayes agoe finished and concluded on with the good liking of his imperiall Majestie, and is now put forth, and printed both in high-dutch and Bohemian tongues. 1733 G. Vertue Note-bks. (1936) IV. 46 Old paintings..many of the Royal Bohemian Family. 1843 tr. J. G. Kohl Austria 61 The music of the Bohemian polkas and redovaks compensated for the failure of the fireworks. 1910 W. S. Monroe Bohemia x. 189 The organization of the Sokols in 1862 has undoubtedly been the most forceful factor in the social unification of the Bohemian people. 2018 Sunshine Coast (Queensland) Daily (Nexis) 19 Mar. 28 Guests will stay in friendly family-run hotels and a Baroque chateau, beautifully situated in the Bohemian mountains. b. Christian Church. Of, relating to, or resulting from the religious reform movement begun by Jan Hus (c1372–1415) in Bohemia; designating or relating to any of the sects founded as a result of this movement, esp. the Bohemian Brethren (see Bohemian Brethren n. at Compounds). Cf. Hussite n. b. Now historical. ΚΠ 1593 R. Bancroft Suruay Holy Discipline xvii. 196 They deale also, with the Bohemian confession. 1679 Q. Kuhlmann Gen. London Epist. 15 The Childish Simplicity which at this day is found amongst the Bohemian Brothers and Sisters, conveighs to us the sweet Odor of this second Reformation. 1716 M. Davies Crit. Hist. 28 in Athenæ Britannicæ III Dr. Heylyn and Thorndike always declar'd for the Bohemian Reformation, preferably to that of Luther or Calvin. 1881 A. P. Stanley Christian Inst. v. 95 The Bohemian Utraquists fought with desperate energy to recover the use of the cup. 1924 Slavonic Rev. 2 611 Jan Blahoslav,..that famous bishop of the Bohemian brotherhood. 2003 Z. V. David Finding Middle Way iii. 46 Utraquism..reaffirmed its roots in the Bohemian reform movement. c. Designating a hard potash glass developed in Bohemia, originally used for laboratory glassware and later used to make decorative or ornamental objects; esp. in Bohemian glass. Also: made from or relating to such glass. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [adjective] > other types of glass blownc1425 Bohemian1682 grounded1698 soft1758 unsilvered1772 navelledc1817 drawn-out1822 muffled1847 ambitty1856 muffed1868 roughcast1868 Sandwich1881 fumé1883 hand-blown1885 peach-blow1886 opaque1907 mould-blown1925 offhand1941 1682 J. Partridge tr. A. von Mynsicht Thesaurus & armamentarium medico-chymicum i. 37 This Potable Bezoar is not to be kept in Venice or Bohemian Glasses [L. in vitris Venetis aut Bohemicis], but in thick German Glasses, for the more sure keeping of its spiritual virtue, for which give praise and honour to God. 1782 Encycl. Brit. IX. 6457/1 The lustres and drinking glasses made here [sc. Prague] of Bohemian crystal are much esteemed, and vended all over Europe. 1894 L. R. McCabe in Woman's Bk. II. 344/2 Twenty-five dollars will buy a complete glass service of exquisite Bohemian ware. 1930 Amer. Mag. Art. Feb. 68/2 The substance employed to make the crystal pliable for Venetian glass is soda, for pure crystal glass lead and for Bohemian glass potash. 2016 @juel_07 25 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 19 Nov. 2019) You know that feeling when your cat has smashed your £250 bohemian crystal vase. 2. Gypsy, Romani. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > race > nomads > [adjective] > Gipsy or Romany nomadian1591 Gypsy1595 Bohemian1665 gypsyish1787 nomad1798 nomadical1801 nomadic1818 nomade1819 Romani1837 pikey1838 Romanian1841 Roman1851 Tzigane1853 mobile1866 Rom1906 1665 J. B. tr. P. Scarron Comical Romance ii. xvi. 140 He found the house occupied by a company of Bohemians or Gipsies... In this interim the Bohemian Lady [Fr. la dame Bohemienne] was delivered of a Boy. 1738 J. Swift Treat. Polite Conversat. Introd. p. vii I remember about thirty years ago, there was a Bohemian woman, of that Species commonly known by the Name of Gypsies, who came over hither from France. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxv. 591 The band of renowned Bohemian vaulters and tumblers. 1988 ‘Ultra Violet’ Famous for 15 Minutes 49 Could his tan cover up some gypsy blood?.. His very first caravan was pulled by horses in the style of Bohemian caravans. 3. Now often with lower-case initial. Socially unconventional in a way regarded as characteristic of creative artists; belonging to or characteristic of a bohemian (sense A. 3). Also spec. of clothing, esp. women’s clothing: loose-fitting or flowing, and typically having a brightly coloured or intricately patterned design. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [adjective] > not conforming to standard behaviour irregular1395 unformalc1449 informalc1475 disordered1561 monstrous1568 odd1577 irregulate1579 exorbitant1613 free-spirited1613 exorbitating1632 inconformable1633 extravagant1650 inconform1659 eccentric1685 unconformable1702 outrageous1778 unconventional1840 erratic1841 kinky1844 Bohemian1846 radical1869 Bohemic1874 nonconforming1899 hard case1904 jazz1917 offbeat1922 deviant1935 deviate1945 oddball1945 left field1951 way out1955 boho1958 non-conformant1960 sideways1969 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > outside conventional society Bohemian1846 Bohemic1874 Greenwich Village1919 boho1958 hippie1959 outsiderish1959 outsiderly1959 beatniky1964 long-haired1964 neo-hippie1980 1846 E. B. Barrett Let. 4 Apr. in Lett. R. Browning & E. B. Barrett (1899) II. 30 There is something fascinating to me, in that Bohemian way of living..all the conventions of society cut so close and thin, that the soul can see through. 1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. i. 6 The young man commenced Bohemian life in London. 1914 J. Joyce Dubliners 92 I've been to the Moulin Rouge,..and I've been to all the Bohemian cafés. Hot stuff! 1978 C. Lennon Twist of Lennon 12 We all felt that we must look the part, as bohemian as possible. 2007 Nylon Feb. 58/2 Her bohemian dresses are detailed with all sorts of feminine accoutrements. 2012 Time Out N.Y. 19 Apr. 29/1 Bohemian gals will love this hippie-chic company's fifth and largest NYC store. Compounds Bohemian Brethren n. Christian Church (now historical) a Hussite sect founded in the 15th cent. and based primarily in Bohemia and Moravia; cf. sense B. 1b, Hussite n.The sect was reorganized in 1722 as the Moravian Church (see Moravian adj.¹ 2). See also United Brethren n. at united adj. and n. Compounds, the Unity of the Brethren at unity n. Phrases 2. ΚΠ 1650 tr. J. A. Comenius et al. Hist. Bohemian Persecution cv. 349 The monastery which the Bohemian Brethren [L. Fratres Bohemi] for a long time possessed was restored to the Monkes. 1881 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 9 144 Sectarianism was now spreading rapidly in Moravia, and, in particular, the Bohemian Brethren,..the ancestors of the present ‘Moravian’ Church, were daily increasing. 2011 O. P. Grell Brethren in Christ v. 239 The Bohemian Brethren..had been forced to leave Bohemia for the sake of their religion. Bohemian chatterer n. now chiefly historical = Bohemian waxwing n. [After post-classical Latin garrulus Bohemicus (1555 in Gesner), with the first element (due to a similarity of appearance) after post-classical Latin garrulus communis jay (in Gesner), and with the second element after German (regional: Bavaria (in Gesner)) Behemle Bohemian waxwing (literally ‘little Bohemian’).] ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ptilogonatidae > genus Bombycilla (waxwing) > bombycilla garrula (Bohemian waxwing) Bohemian chatterer1678 silk-tail1686 chatterer1731 waxen chatterer1797 Bohemian waxwing1816 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. 133 (heading) The Bohemian Chatterer. Garrulus Bohemicus, Aldrov[andus] eidem Ampelis. 1772 D. Barrington in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 316 I always conceived the Bohemian chatterer was not observed in Great Britain but at very distant intervals of years. 1975 D. Avon & T. Tilford Birds of Brit. & Europe 84 It is difficult to understand why the Waxwing was at one time called the Bohemian Chatterer, for it is fairly silent. Bohemian waxwing n. a large waxwing that breeds in northern forests of Eurasia and North America, Bombycilla garrulus, having greyish-brown plumage with black face markings, a pointed crest, and bright red tips on the secondary wing feathers. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Ptilogonatidae > genus Bombycilla (waxwing) > bombycilla garrula (Bohemian waxwing) Bohemian chatterer1678 silk-tail1686 chatterer1731 waxen chatterer1797 Bohemian waxwing1816 1816 W. E. Leach Systematic Catal. Indigenous Mammalia & Birds Brit. Mus. 18/2 (table) Bombycilla Bohemica. Bohemian Waxwing. Kent. G. Montagu, Esq. 1959 Auk 76 533 During the winter of 1958–59 a great flight of Bohemian Waxwings occurred into many parts of the western United States where they are not usually seen. 2002 Guardian 17 Jan. ii. 15/1 The Bohemian waxwing has a taste for rowan berries that have begun to ferment. Derivatives Boˈhemian-like adj. reminiscent or characteristic of a bohemian (sense A. 3). ΚΠ 1861 Standard 4 Feb. 3/4 Phil's phase of ‘seeing life’ in London is very Bohemianlike. 1886 Cyclists Touring Club Gaz. Apr. 5 The Bohemian-like contempt he harbours for all conventionalities. 2018 Inland Valley (Ontario) Daily Bull. (Nexis) 25 Feb. a1 It was a Bohemian-like place with highly colored buildings and lots of noise. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1548
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