servern.

Brit.

/ˈsəːvə/, U.S.

/ˈsərvər/

Forms:

α. see serve v.¹ and -er suffix¹.

β. late Middle English sarueyere, late Middle English surveour, 1500s servyer.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: serve v.¹, -er suffix¹.

Etymology: < serve v.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare earlier servant n., and also servitor n.Compare Old French serveor , serveour , Middle French, French serveur servant (c1225), acolyte (1739), Old Occitan servire , serveire (12th cent.), both < post-classical Latin servitor servitor n. The β. forms show remodelling of the ending after -ier suffix; compare also Anglo-Norman servyour, Old French servior, Old French, Middle French serviour (second half of the 13th cent., or earlier) and Middle French (rare) servieur (late 14th cent.), all in the sense ‘servant’. The surname Turstamus [probably read Turstainus] le seruier (1197) should probably be taken as reflecting the Anglo-Norman noun.

I. Senses referring to people who serve (in various senses).

1. A person who worships or shows reverence or obedience to a god or gods, the devil, an idol, etc. Cf. image server n. 1. Now archaic and rare (in later use often passing into sense 2b).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > [noun] > person performing

serverc1400

Ecclesiastc1405

ministrator1450

solemnizer1577

celebrant1624

exhibent1658

liturge1737

officiant1740

officiator1801

liturgist1848

c1400 Trin. Oxf. 93 in R. Reilly Middle Eng. Summary of Bible (Ph.D diss., Univ. of Washington) (1966) (1 Cor. v. 10) 426 If any Cristen man..by Goddes lawe and ordinary dome be conuicte for a lechour or a seruer to ydols [L. idolis servientibus] etc., with such one it is not to eet.

1567 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) iii. iv. f. 97 He can not be a true seruer of god which serueth him not in y^t spirit of his mind, & in truth.

1592 G. Babington Certaine Comfortable Notes Genesis (iv.) f. 23 Thus will he serue such holow seruers of him, but euer regarde, blesse and like his true Abels and their offrings.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 446 Jupiter..made Gods to be the Curators of men, and he made men to be the Worshippers and Servers of those Gods.

1720 T. Woolston Let. to Reverend Dr. Bennet 29 The Name of the worst of Heathens, pernicious Sect, Servers of Satan.

1831 Jesuit 19 Mar. 228/1 No servers of idols, or idolaters, shall enter the kingdom of heaven.

1900 Pilot 3 Nov. 551/1 The servers of icons..demonstrated that the doctrine of their opponents led to Judaism and Manichæism.

2016 M. Ashton Broken Idols of Eng. Reformation 194 Henry..was not about to take too many risks confounding the servers of graven images.

a. A person who serves, performs a service for, or helps another person, organization, etc. In early use also spec. †a household servant (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun]

esnec950

hindc1230

servant1340

servitor1419

ministrer?a1425

servera1425

myrona1450

obeisantc1475

servient1541

lout1567

squire1570

roguea1616

administer1677

minion1820

ancillary1867

sweater1900

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun]

thanea700

yeoman1345

squirec1380

foot followera1382

handservanta1382

servitora1382

ministera1384

servera1425

squire of (or for) the body (or household)1450

attender1461

waitera1483

awaiter1495

tender?a1505

waiting-man1518

satellite?1520

attendant1555

sitter-byc1555

pediseque1606

asseclist?1607

tendant1614

assecle1616

fewterera1625

escudero1631

peon1638

wait1652

under spur-leather1685

body servant1689

slavey1819

tindal1859

maid-attendant1896

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 386 But Crist is among hem as a good servere.

a1500 (a1471) G. Ashby Active Policy Prince l. 422 in Poems (1899) 26 And euer remembre olde Sarueyeres.

1572 Treat. Treasons against Q. Elizabeth ii. f. 3^v He would lead thee to wene, that himself is no seruer of appetites, nor flatterer of authoritie: but hath taken this paine for conscience sake.

1682 H. Keepe Monumenta Westmonasteriensia 41 An eminent and faithful server of his King and Country in the late unhappy Wars.

1741 J. Wilford Memorials & Characters 169 Her Servants fared not the worse for being Servers.

1860 All Year Round 25 Feb. 419 Such a noisy lip-server as that pauper.

1904 New Cent. Path 26 June 14/2 The pupils of the Academy will go forth as world workers, universal servers of men.

1991 A. Bloom in tr. Plato Republic (ed. 2) 342 The prudent, courageous, skilled server of his own interest is miserable because he lacks justice.

2011 Islamabad Dateline (Nexis) 12 May He is a committed and selfless server of the lepers and the social rejects.

b. In religious contexts: a person who shows devotion to a god or gods by obedience, piety, charitable works, etc. Cf. sense 1.

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1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Job xcvii. 456/2 Oftentymes in this world there shal be the troubles that are mencioned heere, so as a man shall not bee able too discerne betweene whyte and blacke, but the best seruers of God shall bee slaundered and wronged.

1624 G. Williams Seuen Goulden Candlestickes vii. iii. iii. 718 Thoughout all his life he was a true seruer of God, and delighted only in doing the will of God, to shew his pietie.

1728 W. Webster tr. L. Maimbourg Hist. Arianism I. ii. 84 Those, who have made you unjustly persecute several good men from the Clergy, great servers of God, whom you have banished.

1845 11th Ann. Rep. Philadelphia Female Anti-slavery Soc. 11 Words are weapons, better, truer, Sharper than the battle-sword! Strong against the evil doer With the server of the Lord!

1916 R. Mullholland O'Loghlin of Clare xxvi. 197 He was a Spanish Carmelite priest, a laborious server of God.

2019 Tennessean (Nashville, Tennessee) 28 Oct. 8 a/2 She was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, great grandmother, neighbor, and most of all a devoted server of Christ.

3. A person who serves food or drink to others, esp. someone employed to do this, e.g. one of the waiting staff in a restaurant, cafe, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > server of food > as servant

sewera1387

trenchepaina1400

dish-bearerc1440

serverc1450

waiter1528

disher1598

trencher-groom1607

trencher-squire1628

trencher-waiter1639

under-sewer1669

suffragi1863

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 15 Thilke he wolde bi especial weren ministres and serueres to him and to the official at the boord and coadiutowres.

a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 532 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 316 Þe seruer hit next of alle kyn men Mays way and stondes by syde.

1545 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 21 Payde to the servers of wyne on Easter day.

1694 tr. L. Moréri Great Hist. Dict. at Lovango As soon as the Server hath placed the Meat upon the Table, he retires.

?1784 Scot. Piper's Queries 18 For one article having eggs the server of the table, as usual, laid the cloth on every one's knee, wherewith to hold their egg in when hot.

1835 Mirror of Lit. 12 Dec. 405/1 At a dinner there, the server overturned the salt against a person of honour.

1937 R. K. Narayan Bachelor of Arts vii. 66 A server came and asked: ‘What will you have, sir?’

2015 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 28 June (Herald-Times ed.) f4/4 I sat back contently watching a server pour a pear brandy into my glass.

a. A labourer employed to assist a tradesperson such as a bricklayer, plasterer, or thatcher, esp. by passing materials to the tradesperson while he or she works. Now rare and chiefly historical.

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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > subordinate

servantc1400

server1483

under-workman1608

under-labourera1667

under-worker1701

grinder1814

mate1840

grunt1908

report1973

1483 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 382 [With reference to plastering.] Item, to John Hege, his server, for iij. dayes iiij.d. ob.

1530 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 135 For a servyer to ye said maysons, 2s. 8d.

1578 Treasurers' Accts. in J. Webb Town Finances Elizabethan Ipswich (1996) 53 For ij dayes' work of Rolf the mason for casting and poynting of certen decayed places aboute the Mote Halle ijs. For his server for thos ij dayes viijd.

1605 A. Willet Hexapla in Genesin 140 The seruer bringing one thing when the builder called for another.

1720 in J. F. Curwen Kirkbie-Kendall (1900) vii. 336 Laid out..for Repairing of ye House of Correcon... For 13 threave of Straw att 3d., 3s. 3d...; Thatcher and Server 2 days 3s.

1834 Bucks Herald 17 May A plasterer's ‘server’ also sustained severe injuries.

1889 Derby Mercury 24 July 3/1 Charles Dawson,..a bricklayer's server, was engaged by Mr. Owen, builder, in some work in Uxbridge-street.

1931 Jrnl. Ministry Agric. June 268 Two men, or a man and a youth, are employed.., one as server, the other for the actual thatching. The duty of the former is to prepare the thatch, wind twine reels, sharpen pegs, carry up the thatch, and generally assist.

2007 D. P. Mortlock Aristocratic Splendour (e-book ed.) ii The operation..functioned with a team of three: the thatcher himself, who laid the thatch on the roof.., his yealmer and his server.

b. Mining. With reference to lead-mining in Derbyshire: a person (typically a woman or child) whose job it is to load ore into a sieve or container in which it is to be washed with water. In later use historical.

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1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Sij Serving the sive. This is always performed by some Woman, who has a Box.., into which she fills the Booss, Knockbark or whatever is to be Washt, brings it to the washer, and puts it in the Sive; this Server likewise carries away the Wash-Ore, to the Ore-Place, it being their Business.

1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 375 A boy or girl, called a Server, charges the sieve, still retaining its bedding of fine Ore.

1965 A. Raistrick & B. Jennings Hist. Lead Mining in Pennines vi. 135 A boy acted as server and put fine bouse or slimes into the keeve, a shovelful at a time, scattering it into the stirring water bit by bit, until the keeve was nearly full.

5. In racket sports (esp. tennis), volleyball, and other games played over a net or against a wall: the player who hits or throws the ball (or shuttlecock) to start play for a point or rally. Later also (chiefly with modifying word): a player considered in terms of the quality of their serve. Somewhat rare before 19th cent.

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society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > other players

server1585

free agent1649

benchwarmer1662

puncher1681

sticker1779

hard hitter1790

hitter1813

go-devil1835

beneficiaire1841

colt1846

heavyweight1857

stayer1862

left-hander1864

attack1869

cap1879

international1882

roadman1886

big leaguer1887

homester1887

sand lotter1887

badger1890

internationalist1892

repeater1893

anchorman1895

grandstander1896

stylist1897

homebrew1903

letterman1905

toss-loser1906

fouler1908

rookie1908

mudder1912

sharpshooter1912

pro-amateur1919

receiver1919

southpaw1925

freestyler1927

hotshot1927

active1931

all-timer1936

iceman1936

wild card1940

scrambler1954

rounder1955

franchise1957

call-up1960

trialist1960

non-import1964

sandbagger1965

rebel1982

wide-body1986

1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 296/2 Dator,..a player or seruer: he that in playeng casteth the ball.

1684 T. Hoy tr. Plutarch Of Hearing in M. Morgan et al. tr. Plutarch Morals I. iii. 225 At Tennis he that takes the Ball turns and winds his Body according to the motion of the Server.

1837 D. Walker Games & Sports 255 The player who commences, or the server, stands in the centre of the ground.

1879 J. Marshall Lawn-tennis 18 If his opponent be a strong Server, he should wait for the service a yard or two behind the service-line.

1935 Mind & Body Oct. 115 The server can usually control the volley ball better in the under hand serve if he uses his open hand.

1994 Cumberland (Maryland) Times-News 17 Oct. Sports Mag.) 3/5 She is an excellent server and a very consistent all-round player.

2015 Tennishead Mar. 18/1 The receiver chooses which side the server will serve to.

6. Law. A person who formally delivers a legal document such as a summons, writ, or subpoena; spec. one who does this as an occupation; a process server, a bailiff.See also process server n. at process n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > official who executes orders of court > bailiff

beadlec1000

ridemanlOE

cacherela1325

outrider1332

bailiff1377

catchpolea1382

bailiec1386

officer?1387

sheriff's manc1400

attacher1440

messenger1482

tipped staffc1500

servitor1527

bailie-errant1528

processar1534

bum-bailiff1560

tipstaff1570

nut-hook1600

saffo1607

servera1612

bailiff-errant1612

bum-bailey1615

process servera1616

buckle-bosom1622

bumbee1653

exploiter1653

moar1656

bum1659

bummer1675

bumbail1696

bulldog1699

sheriff's officer1703

bum-trap1749

bound-bailiff1768

shelly-coata1774

body snatcher1778

lurcher1785

fool-finder1796

messenger1801

bugaboo1809

borough-bailiff1812

sheriff mair1812

speciality1815

grab1823

legalist1835

candy man1863

writter1882

sheriff1928

a1612 G. Carew & W. Lambarde Rep. Chancery (1650) 91 (margin) The server of a Subpœna imprisoned, therefore Attachment against the defendant.

1745 Tryal Mary Heath, 1744 p. xv This Person who is only a server of Subpœnas.

1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Ireland App. Rep. City Dublin i. 68 in Parl. Papers XXVII. 79 The registrar of carriages and his assistants, and the summons servers, are paid by salaries.

1887 Manch. Guardian 29 Oct. 7/6 The server was compelled to parade up and down the wharf in the hope that the fugitive would come ashore.

1907 Herald (Melbourne) 23 Aug. 5/8 Mr Balfour will, we are afraid, spend uneasy days in avoiding the servers of writs.

1924 Irish Times 28 Apr. 5/2 The server admitted he did not serve the processes personally.

2012 S. H. Wilson U.S. Justice Syst. I. vii. 236 The server cannot satisfy the court that proper legal procedures for serving notice were followed.

7. Christian Church (now chiefly Roman Catholic Church and Anglican Church). A person who accompanies and assists a priest during services and ceremonies, esp. one who assists the celebrant at the Eucharist. Cf. acolyte n. 1. Somewhat rare before 19th cent.Typical duties of a server include acting as thurifer, holding the bible from which the priest reads the gospel, ringing the bell(s), and washing the celebrant's hands.See also altar server n. at altar n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > person in minor orders > acolyte > [noun] > serving mass

server1620

altar boy1772

1620 tr. P. Du Moulin Buckler of Faith xxxv. 412 Iesus Christ did the office of an Acolyth [Fr. Acolythe] (or a seruer of the Priest at Masse,) when he said (I am the light of the world:).

1768 P. Baker Holy Altar & Sacrifice Explain'd i. ix. 102 I observe the Clerk, or Server at Mass, rings a little Bell.

1835 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 22 Aug. 235/3 Timothy Brady.., when a lad, was in great esteem as a ‘mass server’.

1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany II. 145 Two servers in surplices kneel before the altar in silence.

1916 Our Young People July 10/2 When Mass was over, the Cardinal and his server went back to the sacristry.

1966 Furrow 17 324 Celebrant and servers moved slowly to the altar.

2013 Church Times 6 Sept. 23/4 ‘I've always wanted to be a server,’ he said, ‘acolyte, crucifer, MC, I don't mind. I love All Saints' Day.’

8. Chiefly British. A person who serves customers in a shop or store; a shop assistant.Apparently recorded earliest in shop-server.Terms such as (shop) assistant, salesperson, etc., or in North America, (sales) clerk are now more usual.

ΚΠ

1854 P. Cruikshank Sunday Scenes i. 5 Day after day.., these shop-servers must sleep either in the houses where they work, in dormitories more or less uncomfortable, or in lodgings close at hand.

1881 Times of India 3 May 8/3 The work was no harder than that of the milliner, dress maker, or server behind the counter.

1910 A. G. Bowden-Smith Eng. Student's Wander-year in Amer. xv. 319 English people very often complain of the incivility of porters, the servers in shops, hotel servants, and others.

2003 Daily Tel. 11 Oct. 32/4 ‘Thank you for buying our sun lotion!’ says a server at the hotel shop.

II. Senses referring to things used to serve or in serving (in various senses).

†9. A pipe, channel, or conduit by which water is supplied. Cf. serve v.¹ 38a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water

water leatOE

water lade1224

leat1279

watergang1293

sow1316

trough1398

wissinga1400

lanec1420

waterway1431

water leasow1440

watercoursea1450

fleam1523

lead1541

cut1548

aqueducta1552

lake1559

strand1565

race1570

channel1581

watergauge1597

gout1598

server1610

carriage1669

runnel1669

aquage1706

shoot1707

tewel1725

run1761

penstock1763

hulve1764

way-gang1766

culvert1774

flume1784

shute1790

pentrough1793

raceway1793

water carriage1793

carrier1794

conductor1796

water carrier1827

penchute1875

chute1878

by-cut1883

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 248 The Citizens likewise..deriued rilles and servers of waters into every street.

10. Something on, from, or with which food is served.

a. A tray or platter, esp. one used for serving food or drink in a formal setting, and typically made of metal. Cf. salver n.² Now somewhat rare (chiefly Scottish and North American in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > utensils for serving > serving-plate or -tray

trayOE

chargerc1305

service plate1548

venison dish1567

venison plate1567

fruit-trencher1642

salver1661

server1677

voider1677

waiting salver1714

tureen1727

waiter1738

waiting board1770

plateau1790

traylet1825

breakfast-traya1865

cheese board1916

thali1969

charger1984

1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier New Relation Seraglio xiii. 65 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) The Water is sometimes brought in a Cup of Gold,..placed upon a large Server of Gold.

1727 in W. Macgill Old Ross-shire & Scotl. (1909) I. 133 Pewter spoons, server, basone, and potinger.

1793 J. Thomson Major Piper II. xxi. 150 Away flew the glasses, and down dropt the server.

1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xii. 121 He took them [sc. letters] both in to her ladyship on the silver server.

1894 W. D. Latto Tammas Bodkin: Swatches o' Hodden-Grey xxv My share o' the tea was brocht to me on a server.

1961 Los Angeles Times 8 Jan. i2/7 23″ round server with handles.., handsomely silver-plated on copper & beautifully chased..$8.99.

2006 Evening News (Edinburgh) (Nexis) 4 Apr. 10 He put it on a silver server with a big lid and presented it to the Duke of Edinburgh at dinner.

b. Any of various pieces of cutlery or silverware designed to be used to serve specific foods; esp. (a) (chiefly North American and Australian) a utensil with a broad, flat, wedge-shaped blade, used for cutting and serving cakes, pies, etc., a cake slice; (b) (in plural) a matching spoon and fork for serving salad.Frequently with modifying word indicating the type of food intended to be served; see also cake server n. at cake n. and adj. Compounds 3, salad servers n. at salad n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > utensils for serving > salad servers

salad-spoon1858

server1872

1856 A. L. Lincoln U.S. Patent 15,266 2/2 The said macaroni server may be made of any suitable metal.

1864 Charles Stokes & Co.'s Illustr. Almanac of Fashion (Philadelphia) 32 (advt.) Silver Ware... Sugar-sifters, cake-servers, crumb-scrapers, ice tongs, tea strainers.

1872 Standard 11 June 8/2 (advt.) Salad and asparagus servers.

1905 Philadelphia Inquirer 15 Jan. (Women's Mag. section) 3/4 (advt.) Fish server... Cheese scoop... Berry fork... [etc.].

1924 L. Garis Nancy Brandon: Enthusiast xi. 138 Your cake is swell, only it sticks awful. I got it out with the pie server.

1961 Pittsburgh Press 29 Jan. 27/1 (advt.) Stainless servers... Assorted servers for cake, pie, salad, cheese, snacks, fish. Also carving knife, fork..can, bottle openers.

1995 in T. K. Woods Great Amer. Chocolate Contest Cookbk. 209 Before cutting the pie.., dip the knife (or server) into hot water for a minute or two... Use this method for all frozen or chilled desserts.

2006 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 23 Sept. h16 Add a finishing touch to a tossed salad with a fabulous pair of servers.

c. Originally and chiefly North American. A piece of dining-room furniture designed to provide a surface on which food and drink are placed for serving out.Sometimes used interchangeably with buffet and sideboard, though typically used with reference to smaller, more formal pieces of furniture with tall legs and limited storage or display space.

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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > sideboard > [noun] > other sideboards

water board1474

livery cupboard1571

cellaret1786

server1908

1908 Washington Post 7 Oct. 9/4 The [Dining Room] Suite consists of six leather box seat dining chairs, buffet, china closet, server, and a magnificent round-top table.

1937 Amer. Home Apr. 62/3 Small buffet or server from Drexel.

1980 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 31 Dec. 12/2 (advt.) For your dining room—a lovely server in glowing pecan finish.

2014 C. Schwarz et al. Classic Amer. Furnit. 104/2 Though the top of this server always commands attention (that's where the food is), the heart of this piece's design is in its legs.

11.

a. In the mathematical theory of queuing: a system, process, person, etc., that performs a service which must be queued for.

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1951 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. B. 13 174 It is more convenient to introduce another variable w* equal to w if w > 0, and equal to minus the time the server was unemployed if w = 0.

1972 Proc. IEEE 60 1386/2 Queuing models for computer networks evolved from similar models for message-switched communication systems which are generalized from the well-established theory of single-server queues.

1995 Performance Eval. 21 186 When the servers are not identical, more than 2K − 1 linear equations are required to be solved.

2017 D. Efrosinin et al. in A. Dudin et al. Information Technol. & Math. Modelling i. 14 The analysis of multi-server queueing systems generally assume the servers to be homogeneous.

b. Computing. Originally: a program designed to provide other programs with access to a resource, service, etc., over a computer network. In later use also: a computer used to provide other computers with access to a resource, service, etc., over a computer network.Recorded earliest as a modifier. In later use frequently with modifying word, as application server, file server, web server, etc.

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society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] > server

mainframe1957

host computer1966

server1969

file server1979

portal1990

1969 J. Rulifson DEL (Network Working Group: RFC 5) in www.ietf.org (accessed 27 Feb. 2018) When messages come from the server-host, the DEL program would translate them to the user-host character set and print them.

1973 R. H. Thomas Resource Sharing Executive for ARPANET 19 A protocol for initial connection specifies how programs desiring services (users) can connect to programs providing service (servers).

1980 Times 4 Mar. 18/5 Access to other peripherals is obtained via ‘servers’ (eg for files, hard copy, names, time and messages) connected to the communications system.

1995 PC Mag. 27 June 168/1 We elected to focus here strictly on file servers..as opposed to application servers.

2015 Wall St. Jrnl. 7 Mar. b4/6 It has also created a portfolio of servers to help IT organizations triple compute capacity and efficiency.

Phrases

† server of (the) time(s): a person who adapts their views or behaviour to suit prevailing circumstances or fashion; cf. time-server n. 2. Obsolete. [Compare time-server n. 2.]

ΚΠ

1554 T. Sampson Let. to Trew Professors sig. Biij^v Hereby verely shall ye be knowen what ground ye are, fruteful, or vnfruteful constant, or seruers of the tyme: Good Gospel hearers be not suche as will be tost aboute with euery wynde.

1671 M. D'Assigny in tr. P. Gautruche Poet. Hist. iii. ii. 185 A cunning Server of Times, was expressed by a Hedge-hog, because this Creature..changeth its dwelling with the weather.

1735 W. Dawson Poems Several Occasions 15 No I will ne'er a Courtier be, Or hated Server of the Times; For he is far from Liberty That's forc'd to flatter Princes Crimes.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons (Amer. ed.) xi. v. 208/2 The Earl of Northumberland.., a true server of the times, who had sided with all parties, now judged it discreet to remain neutral.

1888 Boston Daily Advertiser 17 Aug. 4/1 He [sc. President Cleveland]..has become..a mere server of the times.

Compounds

C1. As a modifier. Computing. With the sense ‘of or relating to a server on a computer network’, as server application, server error, server log, etc.

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1981 Software & Microsystems 1 11/2 (heading) Server Software.

1992 Computerworld 9 Mar. 74/4 Most people purchase their server applications off-the-shelf.

2002 Computerworld 17 June 42/3 Web site operators usually get information about site traffic from their own server logs.

2009 X. Zhang et al. in A. U. Schmidt & S. Lian Security & Privacy in Mobile Information & Communication Syst. 71 Integrity measurement and attestation mechanisms have already been developed for PC and server platforms.

2011 C. Lewis Difficult Conversat. v. 25 The prolific use of email has enabled those who tend to avoid confrontations to hide behind server errors, junk mail filters or good old-fashioned unspecified ‘email problems’.

C2.

server architecture n. Computing the conceptual structure or design of a server; a particular realization of this; cf. architecture n. 6.

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1985 Informatik-Fachberichte 94 465 The server architecture is further discussed in Chapter 3.

2001 S. Ran et al. in Proc. 15th Internat. Conf. on Information Networking 97/1 The number of client threads is varied throughout the tests to simulate different client loads on the server architecture.

2015 F. Volpe et al. Lync Server Cookbk. xii. 336 Some of the ways we use it have changed with Lync Server 2013 because the server architecture now includes an element called Centralized Logging Service.

server blade n. Computing a circuit board designed to be used as a server on a computer network, typically as one of several such boards mounted in a single chassis.Server blades are typically used to allow an organization to operate several servers efficiently, with different blades often being used for different applications or groups of users.

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1998 comp.security.firewalls 21 May (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 15 Feb. 2018) I am unable to get ICA clients to browse to various server blades, in order to allow load balancing.

2006 Computerworld 23 Jan. 28/2 Like server blades before them, PC blades are becoming consolidation platforms.

2017 IEEE Trans. Industr. Informatics 13 2261/2 We assume a homogeneous hardware environment, i.e., all server racks contain the same number of server blades, which have the same power performance and computing capability.

server certificate n. Computing a data file that is stored on a web server and used to authenticate its identity and allow browsers to connect to a website on the server securely.

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1995 comp.unix.aux 3 Mar. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 15 Feb. 2018) If I could only get a server certificate from RSA for less than five hundred bucks each year.

2006 Maximum PC Oct. 22/2 If your bank uses server certificates, your browser should know if that certificate is suddenly missing or changed.

2015 P. Waher Learning Internet of Things v. 109 It is important for clients to validate server certificates else user credentials may be compromised.

server farm n. Computing a collection of a large number of servers, used to provide functionality beyond that which a single server is capable of; (also) a facility housing a collection of servers.

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1991 comp.unix.ultrix 8 Nov. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 21 July 2017) Sharing of a single ULTRIX compute server farm among a number of VAX/VMS systems or VAXclusters.

1993 Computer Reseller News 7 June 28/4 Data centers and ‘server farms’, stuffed with clusters of servers.

2000 N.Y. Times 1 May (Spotlight On: Commercial Real Estate in New Jersey) 5/1 (advt.) You can call them telecommunications hotels or co-location facilities or server farms or landlords of the Internet world.

2007 Waterloo (Iowa) Courier (Nexis) 16 Aug. The recent announcement by Google to open up a $600 million server farm in Council Bluffs.

server rack n. Computing a rack or chassis capable of housing several servers at once; such a rack and the servers it contains considered as a single unit.

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1992 comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware 22 Sept. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 15 Feb. 2018) The guys on the line say there's smoke coming out of the FIDA server rack.

2006 Computerworld 3 Apr. 29/2 The average power consumption per server rack has doubled in the past three years.

2017 J. T. Harmening & R. DeVitto in J. R. Vacca Cloud Computing Security xii. 145/1 Many hosting companies have locked doors on server racks as well as security measures to track and only allow authorized personnel into the computer room.

server-side adj. Computing That is implemented, processed, or hosted on a server in a computer network; frequently contrasted with client-side adj. 2.

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1988 G. Skinner et al. in Proc. 1987 ACM Workshop on Frontiers in Computer Communications Technol. 256/2 If the cache is empty, an RPC [= remote procedure call] is made to the server side resource manager.

1999 PC Mag. 4 May 231/1 Netscape's server-side JavaScript is one of the most powerful technologies available for meeting this need.

2015 T. W. Miller Web & Network Data Sci. i. 3 There are those who promote end-to-end JavaScript applications with client- and server-side programs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	server
释义	servern. Brit. /ˈsəːvə/, U.S. /ˈsərvər/ Forms: α. see serve v.¹ and -er suffix¹. β. late Middle English sarueyere, late Middle English surveour, 1500s servyer. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: serve v.¹, -er suffix¹. Etymology: < serve v.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare earlier servant n., and also servitor n.Compare Old French serveor , serveour , Middle French, French serveur servant (c1225), acolyte (1739), Old Occitan servire , serveire (12th cent.), both < post-classical Latin servitor servitor n. The β. forms show remodelling of the ending after -ier suffix; compare also Anglo-Norman servyour, Old French servior, Old French, Middle French serviour (second half of the 13th cent., or earlier) and Middle French (rare) servieur (late 14th cent.), all in the sense ‘servant’. The surname Turstamus [probably read Turstainus] le seruier (1197) should probably be taken as reflecting the Anglo-Norman noun. I. Senses referring to people who serve (in various senses). 1. A person who worships or shows reverence or obedience to a god or gods, the devil, an idol, etc. Cf. image server n. 1. Now archaic and rare (in later use often passing into sense 2b). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > [noun] > person performing serverc1400 Ecclesiastc1405 ministrator1450 solemnizer1577 celebrant1624 exhibent1658 liturge1737 officiant1740 officiator1801 liturgist1848 c1400 Trin. Oxf. 93 in R. Reilly Middle Eng. Summary of Bible (Ph.D diss., Univ. of Washington) (1966) (1 Cor. v. 10) 426 If any Cristen man..by Goddes lawe and ordinary dome be conuicte for a lechour or a seruer to ydols [L. idolis servientibus] etc., with such one it is not to eet. 1567 T. Palfreyman Baldwin's Treat. Morall Philos. (new ed.) iii. iv. f. 97 He can not be a true seruer of god which serueth him not in y^t spirit of his mind, & in truth. 1592 G. Babington Certaine Comfortable Notes Genesis (iv.) f. 23 Thus will he serue such holow seruers of him, but euer regarde, blesse and like his true Abels and their offrings. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 446 Jupiter..made Gods to be the Curators of men, and he made men to be the Worshippers and Servers of those Gods. 1720 T. Woolston Let. to Reverend Dr. Bennet 29 The Name of the worst of Heathens, pernicious Sect, Servers of Satan. 1831 Jesuit 19 Mar. 228/1 No servers of idols, or idolaters, shall enter the kingdom of heaven. 1900 Pilot 3 Nov. 551/1 The servers of icons..demonstrated that the doctrine of their opponents led to Judaism and Manichæism. 2016 M. Ashton Broken Idols of Eng. Reformation 194 Henry..was not about to take too many risks confounding the servers of graven images. 2. a. A person who serves, performs a service for, or helps another person, organization, etc. In early use also spec. †a household servant (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] esnec950 hindc1230 servant1340 servitor1419 ministrer?a1425 servera1425 myrona1450 obeisantc1475 servient1541 lout1567 squire1570 roguea1616 administer1677 minion1820 ancillary1867 sweater1900 society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] thanea700 yeoman1345 squirec1380 foot followera1382 handservanta1382 servitora1382 ministera1384 servera1425 squire of (or for) the body (or household)1450 attender1461 waitera1483 awaiter1495 tender?a1505 waiting-man1518 satellite?1520 attendant1555 sitter-byc1555 pediseque1606 asseclist?1607 tendant1614 assecle1616 fewterera1625 escudero1631 peon1638 wait1652 under spur-leather1685 body servant1689 slavey1819 tindal1859 maid-attendant1896 a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 386 But Crist is among hem as a good servere. a1500 (a1471) G. Ashby Active Policy Prince l. 422 in Poems (1899) 26 And euer remembre olde Sarueyeres. 1572 Treat. Treasons against Q. Elizabeth ii. f. 3^v He would lead thee to wene, that himself is no seruer of appetites, nor flatterer of authoritie: but hath taken this paine for conscience sake. 1682 H. Keepe Monumenta Westmonasteriensia 41 An eminent and faithful server of his King and Country in the late unhappy Wars. 1741 J. Wilford Memorials & Characters 169 Her Servants fared not the worse for being Servers. 1860 All Year Round 25 Feb. 419 Such a noisy lip-server as that pauper. 1904 New Cent. Path 26 June 14/2 The pupils of the Academy will go forth as world workers, universal servers of men. 1991 A. Bloom in tr. Plato Republic (ed. 2) 342 The prudent, courageous, skilled server of his own interest is miserable because he lacks justice. 2011 Islamabad Dateline (Nexis) 12 May He is a committed and selfless server of the lepers and the social rejects. b. In religious contexts: a person who shows devotion to a god or gods by obedience, piety, charitable works, etc. Cf. sense 1. ΚΠ 1574 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Job xcvii. 456/2 Oftentymes in this world there shal be the troubles that are mencioned heere, so as a man shall not bee able too discerne betweene whyte and blacke, but the best seruers of God shall bee slaundered and wronged. 1624 G. Williams Seuen Goulden Candlestickes vii. iii. iii. 718 Thoughout all his life he was a true seruer of God, and delighted only in doing the will of God, to shew his pietie. 1728 W. Webster tr. L. Maimbourg Hist. Arianism I. ii. 84 Those, who have made you unjustly persecute several good men from the Clergy, great servers of God, whom you have banished. 1845 11th Ann. Rep. Philadelphia Female Anti-slavery Soc. 11 Words are weapons, better, truer, Sharper than the battle-sword! Strong against the evil doer With the server of the Lord! 1916 R. Mullholland O'Loghlin of Clare xxvi. 197 He was a Spanish Carmelite priest, a laborious server of God. 2019 Tennessean (Nashville, Tennessee) 28 Oct. 8 a/2 She was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, great grandmother, neighbor, and most of all a devoted server of Christ. 3. A person who serves food or drink to others, esp. someone employed to do this, e.g. one of the waiting staff in a restaurant, cafe, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > server of food > as servant sewera1387 trenchepaina1400 dish-bearerc1440 serverc1450 waiter1528 disher1598 trencher-groom1607 trencher-squire1628 trencher-waiter1639 under-sewer1669 suffragi1863 c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 15 Thilke he wolde bi especial weren ministres and serueres to him and to the official at the boord and coadiutowres. a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 532 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 316 Þe seruer hit next of alle kyn men Mays way and stondes by syde. 1545 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 21 Payde to the servers of wyne on Easter day. 1694 tr. L. Moréri Great Hist. Dict. at Lovango As soon as the Server hath placed the Meat upon the Table, he retires. ?1784 Scot. Piper's Queries 18 For one article having eggs the server of the table, as usual, laid the cloth on every one's knee, wherewith to hold their egg in when hot. 1835 Mirror of Lit. 12 Dec. 405/1 At a dinner there, the server overturned the salt against a person of honour. 1937 R. K. Narayan Bachelor of Arts vii. 66 A server came and asked: ‘What will you have, sir?’ 2015 Hoosier Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 28 June (Herald-Times ed.) f4/4 I sat back contently watching a server pour a pear brandy into my glass. 4. a. A labourer employed to assist a tradesperson such as a bricklayer, plasterer, or thatcher, esp. by passing materials to the tradesperson while he or she works. Now rare and chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > subordinate servantc1400 server1483 under-workman1608 under-labourera1667 under-worker1701 grinder1814 mate1840 grunt1908 report1973 1483 in J. P. Collier Househ. Bks. John Duke of Norfolk & Thomas Earl of Surrey (1844) 382 [With reference to plastering.] Item, to John Hege, his server, for iij. dayes iiij.d. ob. 1530 in J. Raine Fabric Rolls York Minster (1859) 135 For a servyer to ye said maysons, 2s. 8d. 1578 Treasurers' Accts. in J. Webb Town Finances Elizabethan Ipswich (1996) 53 For ij dayes' work of Rolf the mason for casting and poynting of certen decayed places aboute the Mote Halle ijs. For his server for thos ij dayes viijd. 1605 A. Willet Hexapla in Genesin 140 The seruer bringing one thing when the builder called for another. 1720 in J. F. Curwen Kirkbie-Kendall (1900) vii. 336 Laid out..for Repairing of ye House of Correcon... For 13 threave of Straw att 3d., 3s. 3d...; Thatcher and Server 2 days 3s. 1834 Bucks Herald 17 May A plasterer's ‘server’ also sustained severe injuries. 1889 Derby Mercury 24 July 3/1 Charles Dawson,..a bricklayer's server, was engaged by Mr. Owen, builder, in some work in Uxbridge-street. 1931 Jrnl. Ministry Agric. June 268 Two men, or a man and a youth, are employed.., one as server, the other for the actual thatching. The duty of the former is to prepare the thatch, wind twine reels, sharpen pegs, carry up the thatch, and generally assist. 2007 D. P. Mortlock Aristocratic Splendour (e-book ed.) ii The operation..functioned with a team of three: the thatcher himself, who laid the thatch on the roof.., his yealmer and his server. b. Mining. With reference to lead-mining in Derbyshire: a person (typically a woman or child) whose job it is to load ore into a sieve or container in which it is to be washed with water. In later use historical. ΚΠ 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Sij Serving the sive. This is always performed by some Woman, who has a Box.., into which she fills the Booss, Knockbark or whatever is to be Washt, brings it to the washer, and puts it in the Sive; this Server likewise carries away the Wash-Ore, to the Ore-Place, it being their Business. 1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 375 A boy or girl, called a Server, charges the sieve, still retaining its bedding of fine Ore. 1965 A. Raistrick & B. Jennings Hist. Lead Mining in Pennines vi. 135 A boy acted as server and put fine bouse or slimes into the keeve, a shovelful at a time, scattering it into the stirring water bit by bit, until the keeve was nearly full. 5. In racket sports (esp. tennis), volleyball, and other games played over a net or against a wall: the player who hits or throws the ball (or shuttlecock) to start play for a point or rally. Later also (chiefly with modifying word): a player considered in terms of the quality of their serve. Somewhat rare before 19th cent. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > other players server1585 free agent1649 benchwarmer1662 puncher1681 sticker1779 hard hitter1790 hitter1813 go-devil1835 beneficiaire1841 colt1846 heavyweight1857 stayer1862 left-hander1864 attack1869 cap1879 international1882 roadman1886 big leaguer1887 homester1887 sand lotter1887 badger1890 internationalist1892 repeater1893 anchorman1895 grandstander1896 stylist1897 homebrew1903 letterman1905 toss-loser1906 fouler1908 rookie1908 mudder1912 sharpshooter1912 pro-amateur1919 receiver1919 southpaw1925 freestyler1927 hotshot1927 active1931 all-timer1936 iceman1936 wild card1940 scrambler1954 rounder1955 franchise1957 call-up1960 trialist1960 non-import1964 sandbagger1965 rebel1982 wide-body1986 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 296/2 Dator,..a player or seruer: he that in playeng casteth the ball. 1684 T. Hoy tr. Plutarch Of Hearing in M. Morgan et al. tr. Plutarch Morals I. iii. 225 At Tennis he that takes the Ball turns and winds his Body according to the motion of the Server. 1837 D. Walker Games & Sports 255 The player who commences, or the server, stands in the centre of the ground. 1879 J. Marshall Lawn-tennis 18 If his opponent be a strong Server, he should wait for the service a yard or two behind the service-line. 1935 Mind & Body Oct. 115 The server can usually control the volley ball better in the under hand serve if he uses his open hand. 1994 Cumberland (Maryland) Times-News 17 Oct. Sports Mag.) 3/5 She is an excellent server and a very consistent all-round player. 2015 Tennishead Mar. 18/1 The receiver chooses which side the server will serve to. 6. Law. A person who formally delivers a legal document such as a summons, writ, or subpoena; spec. one who does this as an occupation; a process server, a bailiff.See also process server n. at process n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > official who executes orders of court > bailiff beadlec1000 ridemanlOE cacherela1325 outrider1332 bailiff1377 catchpolea1382 bailiec1386 officer?1387 sheriff's manc1400 attacher1440 messenger1482 tipped staffc1500 servitor1527 bailie-errant1528 processar1534 bum-bailiff1560 tipstaff1570 nut-hook1600 saffo1607 servera1612 bailiff-errant1612 bum-bailey1615 process servera1616 buckle-bosom1622 bumbee1653 exploiter1653 moar1656 bum1659 bummer1675 bumbail1696 bulldog1699 sheriff's officer1703 bum-trap1749 bound-bailiff1768 shelly-coata1774 body snatcher1778 lurcher1785 fool-finder1796 messenger1801 bugaboo1809 borough-bailiff1812 sheriff mair1812 speciality1815 grab1823 legalist1835 candy man1863 writter1882 sheriff1928 a1612 G. Carew & W. Lambarde Rep. Chancery (1650) 91 (margin) The server of a Subpœna imprisoned, therefore Attachment against the defendant. 1745 Tryal Mary Heath, 1744 p. xv This Person who is only a server of Subpœnas. 1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Ireland App. Rep. City Dublin i. 68 in Parl. Papers XXVII. 79 The registrar of carriages and his assistants, and the summons servers, are paid by salaries. 1887 Manch. Guardian 29 Oct. 7/6 The server was compelled to parade up and down the wharf in the hope that the fugitive would come ashore. 1907 Herald (Melbourne) 23 Aug. 5/8 Mr Balfour will, we are afraid, spend uneasy days in avoiding the servers of writs. 1924 Irish Times 28 Apr. 5/2 The server admitted he did not serve the processes personally. 2012 S. H. Wilson U.S. Justice Syst. I. vii. 236 The server cannot satisfy the court that proper legal procedures for serving notice were followed. 7. Christian Church (now chiefly Roman Catholic Church and Anglican Church). A person who accompanies and assists a priest during services and ceremonies, esp. one who assists the celebrant at the Eucharist. Cf. acolyte n. 1. Somewhat rare before 19th cent.Typical duties of a server include acting as thurifer, holding the bible from which the priest reads the gospel, ringing the bell(s), and washing the celebrant's hands.See also altar server n. at altar n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > person in minor orders > acolyte > [noun] > serving mass server1620 altar boy1772 1620 tr. P. Du Moulin Buckler of Faith xxxv. 412 Iesus Christ did the office of an Acolyth [Fr. Acolythe] (or a seruer of the Priest at Masse,) when he said (I am the light of the world:). 1768 P. Baker Holy Altar & Sacrifice Explain'd i. ix. 102 I observe the Clerk, or Server at Mass, rings a little Bell. 1835 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 22 Aug. 235/3 Timothy Brady.., when a lad, was in great esteem as a ‘mass server’. 1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany II. 145 Two servers in surplices kneel before the altar in silence. 1916 Our Young People July 10/2 When Mass was over, the Cardinal and his server went back to the sacristry. 1966 Furrow 17 324 Celebrant and servers moved slowly to the altar. 2013 Church Times 6 Sept. 23/4 ‘I've always wanted to be a server,’ he said, ‘acolyte, crucifer, MC, I don't mind. I love All Saints' Day.’ 8. Chiefly British. A person who serves customers in a shop or store; a shop assistant.Apparently recorded earliest in shop-server.Terms such as (shop) assistant, salesperson, etc., or in North America, (sales) clerk are now more usual. ΚΠ 1854 P. Cruikshank Sunday Scenes i. 5 Day after day.., these shop-servers must sleep either in the houses where they work, in dormitories more or less uncomfortable, or in lodgings close at hand. 1881 Times of India 3 May 8/3 The work was no harder than that of the milliner, dress maker, or server behind the counter. 1910 A. G. Bowden-Smith Eng. Student's Wander-year in Amer. xv. 319 English people very often complain of the incivility of porters, the servers in shops, hotel servants, and others. 2003 Daily Tel. 11 Oct. 32/4 ‘Thank you for buying our sun lotion!’ says a server at the hotel shop. II. Senses referring to things used to serve or in serving (in various senses). †9. A pipe, channel, or conduit by which water is supplied. Cf. serve v.¹ 38a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water water leatOE water lade1224 leat1279 watergang1293 sow1316 trough1398 wissinga1400 lanec1420 waterway1431 water leasow1440 watercoursea1450 fleam1523 lead1541 cut1548 aqueducta1552 lake1559 strand1565 race1570 channel1581 watergauge1597 gout1598 server1610 carriage1669 runnel1669 aquage1706 shoot1707 tewel1725 run1761 penstock1763 hulve1764 way-gang1766 culvert1774 flume1784 shute1790 pentrough1793 raceway1793 water carriage1793 carrier1794 conductor1796 water carrier1827 penchute1875 chute1878 by-cut1883 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 248 The Citizens likewise..deriued rilles and servers of waters into every street. 10. Something on, from, or with which food is served. a. A tray or platter, esp. one used for serving food or drink in a formal setting, and typically made of metal. Cf. salver n.² Now somewhat rare (chiefly Scottish and North American in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > utensils for serving > serving-plate or -tray trayOE chargerc1305 service plate1548 venison dish1567 venison plate1567 fruit-trencher1642 salver1661 server1677 voider1677 waiting salver1714 tureen1727 waiter1738 waiting board1770 plateau1790 traylet1825 breakfast-traya1865 cheese board1916 thali1969 charger1984 1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier New Relation Seraglio xiii. 65 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) The Water is sometimes brought in a Cup of Gold,..placed upon a large Server of Gold. 1727 in W. Macgill Old Ross-shire & Scotl. (1909) I. 133 Pewter spoons, server, basone, and potinger. 1793 J. Thomson Major Piper II. xxi. 150 Away flew the glasses, and down dropt the server. 1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish xii. 121 He took them [sc. letters] both in to her ladyship on the silver server. 1894 W. D. Latto Tammas Bodkin: Swatches o' Hodden-Grey xxv My share o' the tea was brocht to me on a server. 1961 Los Angeles Times 8 Jan. i2/7 23″ round server with handles.., handsomely silver-plated on copper & beautifully chased..$8.99. 2006 Evening News (Edinburgh) (Nexis) 4 Apr. 10 He put it on a silver server with a big lid and presented it to the Duke of Edinburgh at dinner. b. Any of various pieces of cutlery or silverware designed to be used to serve specific foods; esp. (a) (chiefly North American and Australian) a utensil with a broad, flat, wedge-shaped blade, used for cutting and serving cakes, pies, etc., a cake slice; (b) (in plural) a matching spoon and fork for serving salad.Frequently with modifying word indicating the type of food intended to be served; see also cake server n. at cake n. and adj. Compounds 3, salad servers n. at salad n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun] > utensils for serving > salad servers salad-spoon1858 server1872 1856 A. L. Lincoln U.S. Patent 15,266 2/2 The said macaroni server may be made of any suitable metal. 1864 Charles Stokes & Co.'s Illustr. Almanac of Fashion (Philadelphia) 32 (advt.) Silver Ware... Sugar-sifters, cake-servers, crumb-scrapers, ice tongs, tea strainers. 1872 Standard 11 June 8/2 (advt.) Salad and asparagus servers. 1905 Philadelphia Inquirer 15 Jan. (Women's Mag. section) 3/4 (advt.) Fish server... Cheese scoop... Berry fork... [etc.]. 1924 L. Garis Nancy Brandon: Enthusiast xi. 138 Your cake is swell, only it sticks awful. I got it out with the pie server. 1961 Pittsburgh Press 29 Jan. 27/1 (advt.) Stainless servers... Assorted servers for cake, pie, salad, cheese, snacks, fish. Also carving knife, fork..can, bottle openers. 1995 in T. K. Woods Great Amer. Chocolate Contest Cookbk. 209 Before cutting the pie.., dip the knife (or server) into hot water for a minute or two... Use this method for all frozen or chilled desserts. 2006 Daily Tel. (Austral.) (Nexis) 23 Sept. h16 Add a finishing touch to a tossed salad with a fabulous pair of servers. c. Originally and chiefly North American. A piece of dining-room furniture designed to provide a surface on which food and drink are placed for serving out.Sometimes used interchangeably with buffet and sideboard, though typically used with reference to smaller, more formal pieces of furniture with tall legs and limited storage or display space. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > sideboard > [noun] > other sideboards water board1474 livery cupboard1571 cellaret1786 server1908 1908 Washington Post 7 Oct. 9/4 The [Dining Room] Suite consists of six leather box seat dining chairs, buffet, china closet, server, and a magnificent round-top table. 1937 Amer. Home Apr. 62/3 Small buffet or server from Drexel. 1980 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 31 Dec. 12/2 (advt.) For your dining room—a lovely server in glowing pecan finish. 2014 C. Schwarz et al. Classic Amer. Furnit. 104/2 Though the top of this server always commands attention (that's where the food is), the heart of this piece's design is in its legs. 11. a. In the mathematical theory of queuing: a system, process, person, etc., that performs a service which must be queued for. ΚΠ 1951 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. B. 13 174 It is more convenient to introduce another variable w* equal to w if w > 0, and equal to minus the time the server was unemployed if w = 0. 1972 Proc. IEEE 60 1386/2 Queuing models for computer networks evolved from similar models for message-switched communication systems which are generalized from the well-established theory of single-server queues. 1995 Performance Eval. 21 186 When the servers are not identical, more than 2K − 1 linear equations are required to be solved. 2017 D. Efrosinin et al. in A. Dudin et al. Information Technol. & Math. Modelling i. 14 The analysis of multi-server queueing systems generally assume the servers to be homogeneous. b. Computing. Originally: a program designed to provide other programs with access to a resource, service, etc., over a computer network. In later use also: a computer used to provide other computers with access to a resource, service, etc., over a computer network.Recorded earliest as a modifier. In later use frequently with modifying word, as application server, file server, web server, etc. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > network > [noun] > server mainframe1957 host computer1966 server1969 file server1979 portal1990 1969 J. Rulifson DEL (Network Working Group: RFC 5) in www.ietf.org (accessed 27 Feb. 2018) When messages come from the server-host, the DEL program would translate them to the user-host character set and print them. 1973 R. H. Thomas Resource Sharing Executive for ARPANET 19 A protocol for initial connection specifies how programs desiring services (users) can connect to programs providing service (servers). 1980 Times 4 Mar. 18/5 Access to other peripherals is obtained via ‘servers’ (eg for files, hard copy, names, time and messages) connected to the communications system. 1995 PC Mag. 27 June 168/1 We elected to focus here strictly on file servers..as opposed to application servers. 2015 Wall St. Jrnl. 7 Mar. b4/6 It has also created a portfolio of servers to help IT organizations triple compute capacity and efficiency. Phrases † server of (the) time(s): a person who adapts their views or behaviour to suit prevailing circumstances or fashion; cf. time-server n. 2. Obsolete. [Compare time-server n. 2.] ΚΠ 1554 T. Sampson Let. to Trew Professors sig. Biij^v Hereby verely shall ye be knowen what ground ye are, fruteful, or vnfruteful constant, or seruers of the tyme: Good Gospel hearers be not suche as will be tost aboute with euery wynde. 1671 M. D'Assigny in tr. P. Gautruche Poet. Hist. iii. ii. 185 A cunning Server of Times, was expressed by a Hedge-hog, because this Creature..changeth its dwelling with the weather. 1735 W. Dawson Poems Several Occasions 15 No I will ne'er a Courtier be, Or hated Server of the Times; For he is far from Liberty That's forc'd to flatter Princes Crimes. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons (Amer. ed.) xi. v. 208/2 The Earl of Northumberland.., a true server of the times, who had sided with all parties, now judged it discreet to remain neutral. 1888 Boston Daily Advertiser 17 Aug. 4/1 He [sc. President Cleveland]..has become..a mere server of the times. Compounds C1. As a modifier. Computing. With the sense ‘of or relating to a server on a computer network’, as server application, server error, server log, etc. ΚΠ 1969 J. Rulifson DEL (Network Working Group: RFC 5) in www.ietf.org (accessed 27 Feb. 2018) When messages come from the server-host, the DEL program would translate them to the user-host character set and print them. 1981 Software & Microsystems 1 11/2 (heading) Server Software. 1992 Computerworld 9 Mar. 74/4 Most people purchase their server applications off-the-shelf. 2002 Computerworld 17 June 42/3 Web site operators usually get information about site traffic from their own server logs. 2009 X. Zhang et al. in A. U. Schmidt & S. Lian Security & Privacy in Mobile Information & Communication Syst. 71 Integrity measurement and attestation mechanisms have already been developed for PC and server platforms. 2011 C. Lewis Difficult Conversat. v. 25 The prolific use of email has enabled those who tend to avoid confrontations to hide behind server errors, junk mail filters or good old-fashioned unspecified ‘email problems’. C2. server architecture n. Computing the conceptual structure or design of a server; a particular realization of this; cf. architecture n. 6. ΚΠ 1985 Informatik-Fachberichte 94 465 The server architecture is further discussed in Chapter 3. 2001 S. Ran et al. in Proc. 15th Internat. Conf. on Information Networking 97/1 The number of client threads is varied throughout the tests to simulate different client loads on the server architecture. 2015 F. Volpe et al. Lync Server Cookbk. xii. 336 Some of the ways we use it have changed with Lync Server 2013 because the server architecture now includes an element called Centralized Logging Service. server blade n. Computing a circuit board designed to be used as a server on a computer network, typically as one of several such boards mounted in a single chassis.Server blades are typically used to allow an organization to operate several servers efficiently, with different blades often being used for different applications or groups of users. ΚΠ 1998 comp.security.firewalls 21 May (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 15 Feb. 2018) I am unable to get ICA clients to browse to various server blades, in order to allow load balancing. 2006 Computerworld 23 Jan. 28/2 Like server blades before them, PC blades are becoming consolidation platforms. 2017 IEEE Trans. Industr. Informatics 13 2261/2 We assume a homogeneous hardware environment, i.e., all server racks contain the same number of server blades, which have the same power performance and computing capability. server certificate n. Computing a data file that is stored on a web server and used to authenticate its identity and allow browsers to connect to a website on the server securely. ΚΠ 1995 comp.unix.aux 3 Mar. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 15 Feb. 2018) If I could only get a server certificate from RSA for less than five hundred bucks each year. 2006 Maximum PC Oct. 22/2 If your bank uses server certificates, your browser should know if that certificate is suddenly missing or changed. 2015 P. Waher Learning Internet of Things v. 109 It is important for clients to validate server certificates else user credentials may be compromised. server farm n. Computing a collection of a large number of servers, used to provide functionality beyond that which a single server is capable of; (also) a facility housing a collection of servers. ΚΠ 1991 comp.unix.ultrix 8 Nov. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 21 July 2017) Sharing of a single ULTRIX compute server farm among a number of VAX/VMS systems or VAXclusters. 1993 Computer Reseller News 7 June 28/4 Data centers and ‘server farms’, stuffed with clusters of servers. 2000 N.Y. Times 1 May (Spotlight On: Commercial Real Estate in New Jersey) 5/1 (advt.) You can call them telecommunications hotels or co-location facilities or server farms or landlords of the Internet world. 2007 Waterloo (Iowa) Courier (Nexis) 16 Aug. The recent announcement by Google to open up a $600 million server farm in Council Bluffs. server rack n. Computing a rack or chassis capable of housing several servers at once; such a rack and the servers it contains considered as a single unit. ΚΠ 1992 comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware 22 Sept. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 15 Feb. 2018) The guys on the line say there's smoke coming out of the FIDA server rack. 2006 Computerworld 3 Apr. 29/2 The average power consumption per server rack has doubled in the past three years. 2017 J. T. Harmening & R. DeVitto in J. R. Vacca Cloud Computing Security xii. 145/1 Many hosting companies have locked doors on server racks as well as security measures to track and only allow authorized personnel into the computer room. server-side adj. Computing That is implemented, processed, or hosted on a server in a computer network; frequently contrasted with client-side adj. 2. ΚΠ 1988 G. Skinner et al. in Proc. 1987 ACM Workshop on Frontiers in Computer Communications Technol. 256/2 If the cache is empty, an RPC [= remote procedure call] is made to the server side resource manager. 1999 PC Mag. 4 May 231/1 Netscape's server-side JavaScript is one of the most powerful technologies available for meeting this need. 2015 T. W. Miller Web & Network Data Sci. i. 3 There are those who promote end-to-end JavaScript applications with client- and server-side programs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1400
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