setwalln.

Brit.

/ˈsɛtw(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˈsɛtˌwɔl/,

/ˈsɛtˌwɑl/

Forms:

α. Middle English cedewal, Middle English ceduale, Middle English cedwale, Middle English gedewal, Middle English ȝedewal, Middle English ȝedewale, Middle English sedewale, Middle English seduale, Middle English sedwalle, Middle English zedewale, Middle English zedewall, Middle English zedewalle, Middle English zedewand (transmission error), Middle English zeduale, Middle English–1500s sedwale, Middle English–1500s zedual, 1500s zeduall, 1600s sedwall; N.E.D. (1912) also records a form Middle English zedewal.

β. Middle English ceteuall, Middle English cetewal, Middle English cetuale, Middle English citeewale (transmission error), Middle English sethewale, Middle English settewale, Middle English settewalle, Middle English setuwale, Middle English setwaly, Middle English sytuale, Middle English–1500s setewale, Middle English–1500s setuale, Middle English–1600s cetewale, Middle English–1600s setwale, 1500s cetywall, 1500s setual, 1500s setwaule, 1500s–1600s settwall, 1500s–1600s setuall, 1500s–1700s setwal, 1500s– setwall, 1600s setywall; also Scottish pre-1700 sattwall, pre-1700 settuall; N.E.D. (1912) also records a form Middle English cetuall.

γ. 1500s settewelle, 1500s settwelle, 1500s–1600s setwel, 1500s– setwell; also Scottish pre-1700 satwell, pre-1700 settwell, pre-1700 setwell.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French zedewale, citoual.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman zedwal, zedewal, zedewale, zedeuale, cetewale, cetual, citewal, Old French zedual, Old French, Middle French citoal, citoual, Middle French cetoal, sotoval (Palsgrave) zedoary (late 11th cent. as chitoual ), probably directly < Arabic zadwār zedoary n. (compare discussion below). Compare earlier zedoary n.Compare post-classical Latin zituala (c1200), cytowalla (1242 in a British source), cetewallum (1285 and 15th cent. in British sources), setewall' (14th cent. in a British source), seteuale (15th cent. in a British source), and also Old Occitan citoal (14th cent.), Spanish †çetoal (early 13th cent.; also †çetual (15th cent.)), all in sense ‘zedoary’. Specific forms. The ending in -l is difficult to account for. It may have originated by association of the ending of the Arabic word with classical Latin -āris -ar suffix¹ (compare the variation of the Latin forms cited at zedoary n.) and subsequent suffix substitution, after classical Latin -ālis -al suffix¹ and its reflexes in Romance languages. The γ. forms apparently show folk-etymological remodelling after plant names in -well , e.g. speedwell n. Specific senses. Sense 2 is apparently not paralleled in either French or Latin, and shows a semantic development within English. It could show a different word which has become assimilated in form to the pre-existing word in its other sense; compare wall n.¹ and perhaps seed v. and set v.¹ (the plant often grows on walls).

†1. Any of several species of the genus Curcuma (family Zingiberaceae), esp. C. zedoaria, which are native to south Asia and have aromatic, tuberous rhizomes. Also: the rhizome of such a plant, used in cooking and (formerly) as a medicinal agent. Obsolete (historical in later use).Cf. zedoary n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > medicinal roots > zedoary root or plant

zedoaryOE

setwall?c1225

curcuma1617

zerumbet1640

cassumunar1693

Bengal root1866

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > root > specific roots

zedoaryOE

madderOE

setwall?c1225

liquoricec1275

rhubarba1400

ireosc1400

liquorice-racec1400

sage root14..

maple root1523

liquorice-root1530

rhabarbarum1533

orris1545

turmeric1545

cypressc1550

pyrethrum1562

china1582

China root1588

orris root1598

red squill1629

ginseng1654

ague root1676

poke root1687

cassumunar1693

nettle root1707

valerian root1747

belly-ache-root1775

Indian root1775

Turkey rhubarb1789

sumbul1791

serpentaria1803

Honduras sarsaparilla1818

serpentary1837

sang1843

savanilla1856

manaca1866

gelsemium1875

sanguinaria1875

Indian turmeric1890

α.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 272 Ne makede neauer strengðe of giniure ne of zeduale [a1250 Titus ȝedewal, a1250 Nero gedewal]. ne of clou de gilofre.

1310 in W. H. Hale & H. R. Ellacombe Acct. Executors Bishops London & Exeter (1874) 9 De x d. de j libra de zedewand [sic] vendita.

?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne l. 74 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 147 In þe praer is a tre..Þe rote is gingeuir and galingale, Þe siouns beþ al sedwale.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 Wiþ gyngyure ant sedewale ant þe gylofre.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 125 Canell, zedewall, notemuges, & maces.

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 621/16 Zeduarium.., zeduale.

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. ix^v Take of Anys sedes, of fenell sedes, of Zeduall, of eche the weyght of xii. d.

1905 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 329 Both nations then mixed cardamoms, of which they were very fond, saffron, garlic, galingale, sedwale, marjoram, and several species of clary or sage with their food.

β. 1310–11 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 507 In 3li. di. de Ceteuall.c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 21 As sweete as is the roote Of Lycorys or any Cetuale [c1405 Ellesmere Cetewale, c1415 Lansd. settewale]. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 454 Setuale, or seduale, herbe [1499 Pynson setwaly, a1500 King's Cambr. setwale], Zedoarium.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 269/2 Setwall.1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 37 Cetewale, is an Herbe whose roote the Phisitions vse to gather in Sommer.1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. clxxiii. 495 Nardi radix, which wee call setwal.1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1612 Zedoaria..the Setwall that we have usually in our shops.1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 316/2 Setwall, see Zedoary. 1909 Chemist & Druggist 18 Dec. 931/2 Zedoary, or Setwall, which Sir James Sawyer is using for rheumatism, had formerly a great reputation, chiefly as a stomachic and alexipharmic.γ. c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 669/2 Gynger setwell almondis.1496 A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 57 Item a li. settwell, cost 18 g.1552 J. Caius Bk. against Sweatyng Sicknesse f. 25^v A toste..with a litle poulder of Cinamome and Settewelle caste uppon it.1639 O. Wood Alphabet. Bk. Physicall Secrets 211 Take the powder of Setwell Roots.1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Pharmaceut. Shop i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Iiii2 He may..in stead of Costus, [subrogate] Setwel.1787 R. W. Darwin Principia Botanica 267 Setwell, See Zedoary.1892 R. W. Cochran-Patrick Mediæval Scotl. 120 Brazil,..ginger, setwell (curcuma zedoaria, a plant which is a powerful sudorific), rice, figs, and raisins..represent a considerable amount of foreign natural products.1907 J. Colville in Ochtertyre House Bk. of Accomps 1737–9 258 Setwell is the name applied to the rootstocks of plants of the genus Curcuma.

2. Any of several valerians, esp. garden valerian, Valeriana officinalis, and red valerian, Centranthus ruber. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > valerian

valerianc1386

setwalla1400

spike celtic1540

capon's-tail1548

phu1562

poor man's remedy1657

spikenard1688

countryman's treacle1745–7

tobacco-root1845

a1400 MS Corpus Cambr. 388 in D. A. Trotter Multilingualism in Later Medieval Brit. (2000) 140 Item valerianum, hoc est anglice ‘wilde sethewale’.

a1543 in A. Amherst Hist. Gardening in Eng. (1896) 75 Herbys necessary for a gardyn... Sede-wale.

1591 E. Spenser Muiopotmos in Complaints sig. V2 Poppie, and drink-quickning Setuale.

1593 M. Drayton Idea viii. sig. J3 This mayden..Went forth..to get sweete Cetywall [? 1606, 1619, Setywall]..to deck her summer hall.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 919 No brothes, pottage, or phisicall meates are woorth any thing, if Setwall were not at one end.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum i. xliii. 124 The first is generally called..in English the great garden Valerian, and of some Capons tayle, and Setwall.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Settwall, a kind of herb growing near walls.

1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. iv. 254 Take red Sage, Betony,..Set-well.

1794 W. Forsyth Bot. Nomenclator Eng. Index Setwall, garden, Valeriana.

1836 J. Jacob West Devon & Cornwall Flora I. (at Valeriana) V. officinalis, Linn.—Great Wild Valerian..Setwall.

1865 ‘C. Bede’ Rook's Garden 9 Clusters of the red valerian or setwall.

1955 Summary Ann. Rep. Govt. (United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs) 48/2 Several possible remedies are..euphyllin, valerian (setwall) pine-needle baths, insulin-glucose treatment, vitamin treatment, etc.

2015 S. E. Edwards et al. Phytopharmacy 383 Valerian... Other common names: All-heal; St. George's herb; setwall.

2016 @Martinarocks_ 24 Jan. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Have you ever tried natural remedies, like setwall?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	setwall
释义	setwalln. Brit. /ˈsɛtw(ə)l/, U.S. /ˈsɛtˌwɔl/, /ˈsɛtˌwɑl/ Forms: α. Middle English cedewal, Middle English ceduale, Middle English cedwale, Middle English gedewal, Middle English ȝedewal, Middle English ȝedewale, Middle English sedewale, Middle English seduale, Middle English sedwalle, Middle English zedewale, Middle English zedewall, Middle English zedewalle, Middle English zedewand (transmission error), Middle English zeduale, Middle English–1500s sedwale, Middle English–1500s zedual, 1500s zeduall, 1600s sedwall; N.E.D. (1912) also records a form Middle English zedewal. β. Middle English ceteuall, Middle English cetewal, Middle English cetuale, Middle English citeewale (transmission error), Middle English sethewale, Middle English settewale, Middle English settewalle, Middle English setuwale, Middle English setwaly, Middle English sytuale, Middle English–1500s setewale, Middle English–1500s setuale, Middle English–1600s cetewale, Middle English–1600s setwale, 1500s cetywall, 1500s setual, 1500s setwaule, 1500s–1600s settwall, 1500s–1600s setuall, 1500s–1700s setwal, 1500s– setwall, 1600s setywall; also Scottish pre-1700 sattwall, pre-1700 settuall; N.E.D. (1912) also records a form Middle English cetuall. γ. 1500s settewelle, 1500s settwelle, 1500s–1600s setwel, 1500s– setwell; also Scottish pre-1700 satwell, pre-1700 settwell, pre-1700 setwell. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French zedewale, citoual. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman zedwal, zedewal, zedewale, zedeuale, cetewale, cetual, citewal, Old French zedual, Old French, Middle French citoal, citoual, Middle French cetoal, sotoval (Palsgrave) zedoary (late 11th cent. as chitoual ), probably directly < Arabic zadwār zedoary n. (compare discussion below). Compare earlier zedoary n.Compare post-classical Latin zituala (c1200), cytowalla (1242 in a British source), cetewallum (1285 and 15th cent. in British sources), setewall' (14th cent. in a British source), seteuale (15th cent. in a British source), and also Old Occitan citoal (14th cent.), Spanish †çetoal (early 13th cent.; also †çetual (15th cent.)), all in sense ‘zedoary’. Specific forms. The ending in -l is difficult to account for. It may have originated by association of the ending of the Arabic word with classical Latin -āris -ar suffix¹ (compare the variation of the Latin forms cited at zedoary n.) and subsequent suffix substitution, after classical Latin -ālis -al suffix¹ and its reflexes in Romance languages. The γ. forms apparently show folk-etymological remodelling after plant names in -well , e.g. speedwell n. Specific senses. Sense 2 is apparently not paralleled in either French or Latin, and shows a semantic development within English. It could show a different word which has become assimilated in form to the pre-existing word in its other sense; compare wall n.¹ and perhaps seed v. and set v.¹ (the plant often grows on walls). †1. Any of several species of the genus Curcuma (family Zingiberaceae), esp. C. zedoaria, which are native to south Asia and have aromatic, tuberous rhizomes. Also: the rhizome of such a plant, used in cooking and (formerly) as a medicinal agent. Obsolete (historical in later use).Cf. zedoary n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > non-British medicinal plants > [noun] > medicinal roots > zedoary root or plant zedoaryOE setwall?c1225 curcuma1617 zerumbet1640 cassumunar1693 Bengal root1866 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > root > specific roots zedoaryOE madderOE setwall?c1225 liquoricec1275 rhubarba1400 ireosc1400 liquorice-racec1400 sage root14.. maple root1523 liquorice-root1530 rhabarbarum1533 orris1545 turmeric1545 cypressc1550 pyrethrum1562 china1582 China root1588 orris root1598 red squill1629 ginseng1654 ague root1676 poke root1687 cassumunar1693 nettle root1707 valerian root1747 belly-ache-root1775 Indian root1775 Turkey rhubarb1789 sumbul1791 serpentaria1803 Honduras sarsaparilla1818 serpentary1837 sang1843 savanilla1856 manaca1866 gelsemium1875 sanguinaria1875 Indian turmeric1890 α. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 272 Ne makede neauer strengðe of giniure ne of zeduale [a1250 Titus ȝedewal, a1250 Nero gedewal]. ne of clou de gilofre. 1310 in W. H. Hale & H. R. Ellacombe Acct. Executors Bishops London & Exeter (1874) 9 De x d. de j libra de zedewand [sic] vendita. ?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne l. 74 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 147 In þe praer is a tre..Þe rote is gingeuir and galingale, Þe siouns beþ al sedwale. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 Wiþ gyngyure ant sedewale ant þe gylofre. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 125 Canell, zedewall, notemuges, & maces. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 621/16 Zeduarium.., zeduale. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. ix^v Take of Anys sedes, of fenell sedes, of Zeduall, of eche the weyght of xii. d. 1905 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 329 Both nations then mixed cardamoms, of which they were very fond, saffron, garlic, galingale, sedwale, marjoram, and several species of clary or sage with their food. β. 1310–11 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 507 In 3li. di. de Ceteuall.c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 21 As sweete as is the roote Of Lycorys or any Cetuale [c1405 Ellesmere Cetewale, c1415 Lansd. settewale]. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 454 Setuale, or seduale, herbe [1499 Pynson setwaly, a1500 King's Cambr. setwale], Zedoarium.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 269/2 Setwall.1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 37 Cetewale, is an Herbe whose roote the Phisitions vse to gather in Sommer.1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. clxxiii. 495 Nardi radix, which wee call setwal.1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 1612 Zedoaria..the Setwall that we have usually in our shops.1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 316/2 Setwall, see Zedoary. 1909 Chemist & Druggist 18 Dec. 931/2 Zedoary, or Setwall, which Sir James Sawyer is using for rheumatism, had formerly a great reputation, chiefly as a stomachic and alexipharmic.γ. c1430 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 669/2 Gynger setwell almondis.1496 A. Halyburton Ledger (1867) 57 Item a li. settwell, cost 18 g.1552 J. Caius Bk. against Sweatyng Sicknesse f. 25^v A toste..with a litle poulder of Cinamome and Settewelle caste uppon it.1639 O. Wood Alphabet. Bk. Physicall Secrets 211 Take the powder of Setwell Roots.1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Pharmaceut. Shop i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Iiii2 He may..in stead of Costus, [subrogate] Setwel.1787 R. W. Darwin Principia Botanica 267 Setwell, See Zedoary.1892 R. W. Cochran-Patrick Mediæval Scotl. 120 Brazil,..ginger, setwell (curcuma zedoaria, a plant which is a powerful sudorific), rice, figs, and raisins..represent a considerable amount of foreign natural products.1907 J. Colville in Ochtertyre House Bk. of Accomps 1737–9 258 Setwell is the name applied to the rootstocks of plants of the genus Curcuma. 2. Any of several valerians, esp. garden valerian, Valeriana officinalis, and red valerian, Centranthus ruber. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > valerian valerianc1386 setwalla1400 spike celtic1540 capon's-tail1548 phu1562 poor man's remedy1657 spikenard1688 countryman's treacle1745–7 tobacco-root1845 a1400 MS Corpus Cambr. 388 in D. A. Trotter Multilingualism in Later Medieval Brit. (2000) 140 Item valerianum, hoc est anglice ‘wilde sethewale’. a1543 in A. Amherst Hist. Gardening in Eng. (1896) 75 Herbys necessary for a gardyn... Sede-wale. 1591 E. Spenser Muiopotmos in Complaints sig. V2 Poppie, and drink-quickning Setuale. 1593 M. Drayton Idea viii. sig. J3 This mayden..Went forth..to get sweete Cetywall [? 1606, 1619, Setywall]..to deck her summer hall. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 919 No brothes, pottage, or phisicall meates are woorth any thing, if Setwall were not at one end. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum i. xliii. 124 The first is generally called..in English the great garden Valerian, and of some Capons tayle, and Setwall. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Settwall, a kind of herb growing near walls. 1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. iv. 254 Take red Sage, Betony,..Set-well. 1794 W. Forsyth Bot. Nomenclator Eng. Index Setwall, garden, Valeriana. 1836 J. Jacob West Devon & Cornwall Flora I. (at Valeriana) V. officinalis, Linn.—Great Wild Valerian..Setwall. 1865 ‘C. Bede’ Rook's Garden 9 Clusters of the red valerian or setwall. 1955 Summary Ann. Rep. Govt. (United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs) 48/2 Several possible remedies are..euphyllin, valerian (setwall) pine-needle baths, insulin-glucose treatment, vitamin treatment, etc. 2015 S. E. Edwards et al. Phytopharmacy 383 Valerian... Other common names: All-heal; St. George's herb; setwall. 2016 @Martinarocks_ 24 Jan. in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Have you ever tried natural remedies, like setwall? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1225
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