单词 | several |
释义 | severaladj.adv.n. A. adj. I. Existing apart, separate. a. (a) in predicative use. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. xlvi. 209 So oweste thow, Alexander, to haue v messagers and v consaillours, and euery of tham shall be seuerall [L. per se separatus]. c1430 Freemasonry (1844) 22 The thrydde poynt most be severele, With the prentes knowe hyt wele, Hys mayster cownsel he kepe and close, And hys felows by his goode purpose. 1539 Bible (Great) 2 Chron. xxvi. 21 Uzia.. dwelt seuerall in an house [1611 in a seueral house] beynge a leper. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 145 Varro doth commend sundry little flockes kept seuerall, then greate flockes togeather. a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xii. 89 Many Mahumetans bee also found..both seuerall in sundry prouinces, and otherwise mingled with idolaters. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. i. 243 Severall are the causes of Favourites falls..different the degrees and manner of their ruine. 1652 E. Sparke Scintillula Altaris (1660) 553 Mistaking the Son of Alphæus, and St. James the Brother of our Lord, for several; which were but one and the same person. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 330 Keeping the Delivery of others Opinions and my own severall. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) II. 334 Then grind or beat them, keeping the Fruit several, in case you have enough to fill a Vessel of one kind. (b) in attributive use, with a and plural. ΚΠ 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. lvijv They [ha]ue..seuerall Cloysters, and seuerall [l]odgynges, but they kepe all theyr dyuyne seruyce in one Quere al togyther. ?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye i. sig. e6 What so ever is not answered in this parte, shalbe..fullye convinced in the thirde, which shal be a severall boke agenst my lorde of Rochestre. 1594 H. Plat Diuers Chimicall Concl. Distillation 5 in Jewell House Receaue the oile into a seuerall glasse by it selfe. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 3 If you shoulde aske them, why two men of one name should not both giue one Armes? they will straight answere you, that they be of seuerall houses. 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) ii. 33 In seuerall and lone houses. 1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 518 The commixture of seuerall sexes, which we call Marriage. 1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi iv. §2. 66 Every scale of an onyon is a severall and differing scale. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 461 From hence we visite S: Spirito & St. Laurence faire Churches in severall Ilands. 1690 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii. 98 But so different a state of things requires a several relation. 1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *Cv The Reeve, the Miller, and the Cook, are several Men. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1834) II. 311 It is the custom of Providence to perfect mighty works by a multitude of..instruments, each performing a small and several part of the whole. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [adjective] > distinct distincta1382 alienc1384 sundrya1393 alienate1533 several1533 particular1547 severable1548 different?a1560 distinguished1609 remote1615 discriminate1626 incoincident1636 discriminated1673 allogenous1842 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or distinct sunderlyeOE sundryOE serec1175 proper1340 serelepesa1400 sundrylepesc1400 sunderlepesa1450 peculiar1509 several1533 unconfounded1577 well-distinguished1594 articulate1603 unconfused1609 inconfused1626 separate1691 demarcated1862 1533 W. Tyndale Supper of Lord in Wks. (1573) 467/2 So be we now by Baptisme rekened to bee consigned vnto Christes Church seuerall from Iewes, paynyms, &c. 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. ii. xxvi The thirde likeiamme..hathe his grounde line.., seuerall from the other, but yet equall vnto it. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccclxxiijv It [sc. penance] is also a seuerall Sacrament from Baptisme. 1566 T. Stapleton Returne Vntruthes Jewelles Replie iii. 58 Saint Luke.., if that crye of the Lycaonians hade bene in greke, woulde not haue termed it a seuerall language from the greke, as he doth, calling it Lycaonicall. 1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered xii. 40 Christianity hath vsed many words in seuerall sence from the common phrase. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus iii. 1 But the precept is entire of it selfe, and seuerall from the other before. 1636 Record's Ground of Arts 302 Either the whole number is seuerall from the Fraction..or else the whole number is ioyned with one, or both of the Fractions. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or distinct > of function or use several1564 1564–5 Form Prayers Genev. & Scot. (1584) H 8 That the Minister..also vse some forme of prayer..to the which he may appoint..some seuerall daye after the Sermon, weekely to be obserued. 1582 T. Bentley et al. Monument of Matrones To Rdr. B 3 Vnder the pretense of seuerall deuotion to commit manifold vngodlinesse. 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 79v Euery one..doth seruice to all the gods indifferently, no man being clarked or chosen to be the seuerall minister of any one god alone. a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 116 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) All men should marke their cattle with an open severall marke upon their flanckes. 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 178 The ancient Picts and Britans..adorned their bodies with figures and blazons of diuers colours, which they coniecture to haue bene seuerall for particular families. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 214 There are no severall terminations for cases, as in Latine. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > acting or done individually several1466 severate1563 1466 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 322 That every person..have his accion of trespas agaynes all manner person or persones of Chester..juncte or severell at his plesyre. 1475–6 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 312 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 The payne..to be levid by thofficers and by every of them, juncte and severall. 2. Qualifying a plural noun: Individually separate; different. a. Preceded by an adjective of number or plurality. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [adjective] > two, three, many, etc., different several1448 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or single oneOE singularc1340 particulara1387 serea1400 serelepya1400 several1448 single?a1475 individual1593 numerical1643 versal1709 varsal1751 separate1907 1448 in Wars Eng. in France (Rolls) I. 483 There is due unto him the somme of vij. c. xlij. li...as by iij. severalx accomptes. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 127 Although diuerse..learned men haue made one herbe of Thymbra and satureya, yet it is playne..that they are two seuerall herbes. 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 47 Two seuerall Iohns, the father and the sonne, that had beene both recusants. 1599 Abp. G. Abbot Briefe Descr. Worlde sig. B2 China..containeth in it very many seuerall kingdomes. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 21 An exact command Larded with many seuerall sorts of reason. View more context for this quotation 1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie ii. iv. 75 The word Elder, is used twenty severall times in the New Testament. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 82 All these Days entirely spent in many several Voyages. 1800 W. Wordsworth Hart-leap Well 67 Three several pillars, each a rough~hewn stone. 1879 ‘G. Eliot’ Theophrastus Such i. 3 Three several times astonished. b. Preceded by the definite article, a possessive, etc.: Each and all of the, these, †one's (etc.) various or different. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] > each and all of or several several1445 1445 tr. Claudian's De Consulatu Stilichonis in Anglia (1905) 28 279 So that yf thou woldist nat enclyne to her severel preyers At Romys request thou sholdist not lette her wille soon to perfourme. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. ii. 73 I doe not like these seuerall councels. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. vii. 2 Draw aside the curtaines and discouer the seuerall caskets to this noble Prince. View more context for this quotation 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 33 Hee had well viewed her seuerall forces. 1689 W. Popple tr. J. Locke Let. conc. Toleration 52 All the several separate Congregations,..will watch one another. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 205. ¶2 Besides a great many little Blemishes, which you have touched upon in your several other Papers. 1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. p. xxxix In the Compass of my own several Acquaintance. 1794 Ld. Grenville in Paget Papers (1896) I. 64 Your several Dispatches have been duly received and laid before the King. 1806 J. Lingard Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church II. ix. 126 During the several weeks, which they spent on the coast of Natolia. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 198 Now combine these several propositions. 1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 1 It is to the control of the Sun that the several planets are indebted for the regulation of their movements. c. Without limiting word: A number of different; various, divers, sundry. (Now merged in sense A. 4.) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] > various, sundry, or several diverse1297 several1509 changeable1535 distributary?1541 varied1594 omnimodous1627 various1637 omnifarious1653 omnimode1656 variegated1662 allogeneous1892 the world > relative properties > number > plurality > [adjective] > of several kinds manifoldeOE serea1340 several1509 various1696 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1555) xliii. 212 Whose goodly stories in tongues severall About were sent for to be perpetuall. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Almsdeeds i. 168 b When seuerall matters are seuerally handeled. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. ii. 317 I will this Night, In seuerall Hands, in at his Windowes throw, As if they came from seuerall Citizens, Writings. View more context for this quotation 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 12 Seuerall respects of things, considered alone, and by themselues. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine i. iv. 11 Dates, Almonds, Nuts,..and other severall fruits. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. vi. 217 Were they Nature's Workmanship, they could not be so various..in several Men. 1710 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) ii. i. ii. 329 It seems to have been built at several times, and by different Persons. 1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 51 Two or three lenses may be kept, of several focal lengths. 1855 J. Phillips Man. Geol. 206 Upper limestone, cavernous, with coral bands in several stages. d. In legal use: More than one. ΚΠ ?1530 St. German's Dyaloge in Englysshe viii. f. xixv They be sette in this wrytynge for seuerall groundes and he that lystyth may so accompt them, or if he wyll he may take theym for one grounde after his pleasure. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. iii. i. §241. 164 They be but one heire, and yet seuerall persons. 1824 H. J. Stephen Treat. Princ. Pleading 279 The use of several counts, and the allowance of several pleas. 1853 in W. Williams Introd. Pleading (1857) 307 Several pleas, replications or subsequent pleadings, or several avowries or cognizances founded on the same ground of answer or defence. 1853 in W. Williams Introd. Pleading (1857) 307 Several counts on the same cause of action shall not be allowed. 3. Being one of a number of individuals of the same class. a. every or each several: every or each individual or single. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [noun] > the generality > each and every one thing each oneOE everya1250 still and boldc1300 all and somea1350 all and somea1350 one and all (also all and one)a1400 all and sundry1428 all the sort of1535 every or each several?a1562 first and last1582 each and singular1668 all and singular1669 every man jack1807 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [noun] > an individual thing or person > each eachOE eitherOE every or each several?a1562 ?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 76 Vnder the sealles of euery seuerall vnyuersitie. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 2 That euery seuerall person, aswell horsemen as footemen should carye a greene bough in his hand. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. ii. 109 Ile kisse each seuerall paper, for amends. View more context for this quotation 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 237 The tearing of euery seuerall hayre seemed vnto him the plucking out of so many eyes out of his head. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 193 Without the consent of every severall Province. 1823 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) I. vi. 214 Each several person wishes each several cardinal a happy conclave. 1843 C. G. F. Gore Mod. Chivalry I. xviii. 154 Unless the families said to inhabit Bark's Buildings were hoisted up by the crane attached to each several house. 1861 H. E. Manning in Ess. Relig. & Lit. (1865) 1st Ser. 39 Every several Greek is bound to submit to the Catholic Church, one by one. 1883 Parry in Grove's Dict. Music III. 477/2 Any of its elements can be treated as the discordant note, with the result of leading to a different key in each several case. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > only one > [noun] oneeOE one sole1450 one only ——c1475 a or one several1543 only1609 oner1889 the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adjective] > abundant, numerous so manyc888 thickc893 muchc1225 rifec1275 stourc1275 unridec1300 copiousc1384 plentya1400 rivedc1400 numerable?a1425 numerous?a1475 many a several1543 rank1545 numberous1566 huge1570 multuous1586 multeous1589 numberful1594 numberable1596 numbery1606 numbersomea1617 multitudinousa1631 sand-like1630 voluminous1650 several1712 smart1750 powerful1800 multitudinarious1810 multitudinary1838 1543 Necessary Doctr. Christen Man F iij The church of Rome being but a seuerall church, chalenginge that name of Catholyke aboue all other. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Prayer i. 122 b Why dyd the Apostles immediatly after his ascention, gather them selues together into one seuerall place? 1582 Bible (Rheims) Rev. xxi. 21 Every gate was of one several pearle. 1609 W. Shakespeare Louers Complaint in Sonnets sig. K4v These tallents of their heir,..I haue receau'd from many a seueral faire. 4. a. As a vague numeral: Of an indefinite (but not large) number exceeding two or three; more than two or three but not very many. (The chief current sense.)In earlier instances that may be brought under this definition, it is difficult to determine how far the sense of ‘different, various’ remains; cf. the remarks s.v. divers adj. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > plurality > [adjective] somec950 somea1122 sundryc1275 diverse1387 divers1393 diverse and sundry1484 plurala1538 various and sundry1652 several?1661 several-fold1833 pluralistic1837 ?1661 in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 6 During which times he received severall sums of money to the value of 300l. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 154 The current having forc'd the Ship upon the shore, where we were constrained to stay for several hours. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 275 Ninevee, of length within her wall Several days journey. View more context for this quotation 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 160. ¶1 When I was at Grand Cairo I picked up several Oriental Manuscripts. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. vi. 65 A thong of several fathoms in length,..with a running noose at one end of it. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. v. 37 Which may be seen by several hundred persons at once. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island ii. iv. 30 Some of the men..remembered..to have seen several strangers on the road. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adjective] > abundant, numerous so manyc888 thickc893 muchc1225 rifec1275 stourc1275 unridec1300 copiousc1384 plentya1400 rivedc1400 numerable?a1425 numerous?a1475 many a several1543 rank1545 numberous1566 huge1570 multuous1586 multeous1589 numberful1594 numberable1596 numbery1606 numbersomea1617 multitudinousa1631 sand-like1630 voluminous1650 several1712 smart1750 powerful1800 multitudinarious1810 multitudinary1838 1712 J. Swift Proposal for Eng. Tongue 24 Several young Men at the Universities, terribly possessed with the fear of Pedantry, run into a worse Extream. 1733 E. Budgell Bee IV. 341 A French-Celtick, or French-British Dictionary..useful and curious..for finding the Etymology of several French and British Words. 1753 L. M. tr. J. Du Bosc Accomplish'd Woman II. 26 We must not be surpris'd that this passion hath so great influence on the mind of several women. c. elliptical and absol., esp. followed by of. a good several (nonce-use): a good many. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > a large number or multitude sandc825 thousandc1000 un-i-rimeOE legiona1325 fernc1325 multitudec1350 hundred1362 abundancec1384 quantityc1390 sight1390 felec1394 manyheada1400 lastc1405 sortc1475 infinityc1480 multiplie1488 numbers1488 power1489 many1525 flock1535 heapa1547 multitudine1547 sort1548 myriads1555 myriads1559 infinite1563 tot-quot1565 dickera1586 multiplea1595 troop1596 multitudes1598 myriad1611 sea-sands1656 plurality1657 a vast many1695 dozen1734 a good few1756 nation1762 vast1793 a wheen (of)1814 swad1828 lot1833 tribe1833 slew1839 such a many1841 right smart1842 a million and one1856 horde1860 a good several1865 sheaf1865 a (bad, good, etc.) sortc1869 immense1872 dunnamuch1875 telephone number1880 umpty1905 dunnamany1906 skit1913 umpteen1919 zillion1922 gang1928 scrillion1935 jillion1942 900 number1977 gazillion1978 fuckload1984 1685 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 340 His majestie hath turn'd off severall of his servants, as is said, near 200. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 7 The French are very numerous..over all the Levant, there not being a Port of Turkie upon the Mediterranean sea, wherein there are not several. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A4 There are still several of these Topicks that are far from being exhausted. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. x. 232 Commerce was the reigning passion among several of the European Princes. 1774 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. to Son I. xi. 30 Cicero, the greatest Orator that Rome ever produced; although it produced several [Fr. plusieurs]. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 605 France contains no workable gold mines; but it presents in several of its rivers auriferous sands. 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xix. v. 525 A good several of them cut and wounded. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island ii. iv. 30 While we could get several who were willing enough to ride to Dr. Livesey's. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] > miscellaneous or heterogeneous difform1525 maslin1590 several1590 heterogeneana1601 miscellane1603 heterogeneal1605 miscellaneous1615 heterogeneous1629 miscellany1629 miscellanean1632 miscellaneal1633 stromatic1656 sundry1678 heterogenous1695 sorted1697 well-assorted1757 various1772 misc.1806 variegated1815 olla-podrida-ish1827 unhomogeneousa1830 olla-podridical1830 heterologous1834 non-homogeneous1853 cut-and-paste1864 assorted1897 sorty1899 inhomogeneous1904 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C3v A heauy load he bare Of nightly stelths and pillage seuerall. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry IV cxxvi, in Poems (1878) IV. 32 How Richard fell, the various Reports Of many writing, make it seuerall; Some say that he was starv'd. a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) v. 100 Seventy Messes with three Carts of several Meath [i.e. mead = drink] sent after him. 6. Combinations (parasynthetic). ΚΠ 1633 J. Shirley Triumph of Peace i. i. (stage direct.) Fancy in a suit of several-coloured feathers, hooded, a pair of bat's wings on his shoulders. 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xi. 201 There are several fashion'd Collers: As the Joynt-Coller marked G, the Round Coller marked H, and the Coller marked I, in Plate 13. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 181 Seeds nut-like, sometimes cohering into a several-celled putamen. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. at Poa The spikelets..are for the most part several-flowered and without awns. 1882 Symonds in Macmillan's Mag. 45 325 It is a several-chorded lute on which they play. 1882–4 M. C. Cooke Brit. Fresh-water Algæ I. 270 Or even forming transverse, several-celled bands. II. Pertaining to an individual person or thing. 7. Chiefly Law. (Opposed to common.) Private; privately owned or occupied. a. of land, esp. of enclosed pasture. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [adjective] > held in individual possession several1421 1421 Cov. Leet Bk. 33 That þe Trinite gilde haue hur close feldis severell. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 37 Þe tythe awȝte to be payed... Also of pasture, comoun & seuerall. 1483 Rolls of Parl. VI. 257/1 All the seid XL Acres of Lande..as their proper and severall grounde and soil. 1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 21v Good land that is seuerall, crops may haue three, in champion countrie it may not so bee. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E2v The commons..are inclosed, made seueral. 1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (1623) i. iii. 42 This ground is best if it be seuerall and inclosed, yet may be bred vpon though it bee open and in common. a1656 R. Vines Treat. Lords-supper (1657) 183 A severall not a common field. b. Of a house, water, or any possession or commodity. Obsolete except in several fishery, a right to fish derived through or on account of ownership of the soil. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > owning > [adjective] > individually owned several1426 uncommon1548 entire1641 the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > [noun] > rights several fishery1426 piscary1475 piscage1610 rod1898 fishing rights1936 society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > hunting or fishing rights several fishery1426 piscary1475 (free) warren1485 fishing1495 chasea1500 fugationc1503 piscage1610 fishery1703 shooting1848 shoot1861 rod1898 fishing rights1936 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 2352 Sestow nat how a comoun welle Mor avaylleth..Than doth A-nother seuerel? a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 35 That ye fysshe not in noo poore mannes seuerall water. c1450 Godstow Reg. 401 The abbesse of Godestowe..yaf..to henry kyngeston and to william more, Fysshers, ther seuerell fysshwere in the subarbis of Oxenford that is I-called Charwelle. 1548 T. Key tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Mark v. 35–43 in N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. This thing did Iesus then in a nother mannes seuerall house. 1618 M. Dalton Countrey Justice 233 To take fishes that be kept in a Truncke, or seuerall pond. 1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 39 He that has a several fishery must also be the owner of the soil. 1842 Act 5 & 6 Victoria c. 106 §114 The Words ‘several Fishery’ shall, for the Purposes of this Act, be construed to mean an exclusive Fishery, possessed and enjoyed as such by virtue of Grant, Patent [etc.]. 1885 Act 48 & 49 Victoria c. 79 §3 A right of several fishery or of regulating a fishery shall not exceed sixty years. ΚΠ 1423 Cov. Leet Bk. 47 The tenement..schal-be seuerall to þe priour of Couentre. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiv He that hath a falowe felde seuerall to hymselfe. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 284 The olyue that growyth in gardyns, is seueral to the owners, but the olyue of the fylde ys comon to all. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Fvii Here..euerye man hath hys possessyons seuerall to hymselfe, & there allthinges be common. 1593 Rites of Durham (Surtees 1903) 83 Euery one of the old monkes had his Carrell seuerall by him selfe. a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xiii. 92 The Iewes haue not for their mansion, any peculiar Country... Neither haue they..any other region in the world, seuerall to themselues. d. figurative and allusively. ΚΠ c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 207 The bastyle. longith of verray dewe ryght, To fals bakerys it is trewe herytage, Severelle to them. ?1533 W. Tyndale Expos. Mathew v. f. xxviijv The light of Christes gospell maye not be hid ner made a seuerall thynge, as though it partayned to some certayne holie parsones onlye. 1569 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. lv. 558 Many of your Disordered..Wives are much agrieved that Priests, which were wont to be Common, be now made Several. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost ii. i. 223 Lad. My lippes are no Common, though seuerall they be. Bo. Belonging to whom? La. To my fortunes and mee. View more context for this quotation 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxxxvii. sig. Iv Why should my heart thinke that a seuerall plot, Which my heart knowes the wide worlds common place? View more context for this quotation 1611 W. Sclater Key (1629) 303 So enuious is our nature, and so gladly would we make seuerall Gods common fauours. 8. Belonging, attributed, or assigned distributively to certain individuals referred to; different for each respectively. a. Preceded by a possessive (or its equivalent) referring usually to a collective or distributive adjective or pronoun. (a) qualifying a plural noun. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [adjective] > different or distinct for each respectively sundryOE sundera1382 several1457 mutual?1533 1457 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 85 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 3218) LXIV. 1 Bothe my lord and we haue now late writen vnto you diuers times our seueralx lettres of especial Recommendacion. 1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 33v As to the body, ther are many members, seruing to seuerall vses. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 285 Now I will set downe the divers moneys of Germany, with the severall values of them. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island i. xxxix. 11 Bid each kinde their severall places fill. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 714 Swift to thir several Quarters hasted then The cumbrous Elements, Earth, Flood, Aire, Fire. View more context for this quotation a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) X. 118 Moses and our Saviour Christ himself; both of them, in their several times, the meekest persons upon the earth. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. viii. 202 They embraced accordingly, and departed on their several roads. a1842 T. Arnold Hist. Rome III. xliv. 175 The officers for the year being thus appointed, it remained to determine their several provinces. 1881 B. Jowett tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War I. 149 The Acharnians..did not attempt any united action, but guarded their several districts. (b) qualifying a singular noun. ΚΠ 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 33 They are to be sowed in tyme and place as I haue tolde before, in my seuerall entreatyng of them. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing v. iii. 29 Good morrow masters, each his seuerall way. View more context for this quotation 1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple viii All in a shipwrack shift their severall way. 1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xxvi, in Poems 12 Each fetter'd Ghost slips to his severall grave. c1750 W. Shenstone Ruin'd Abbey 18 Ambitious to display Their several merit. 1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone i. 12 While each pursues his several road. 1866 J. R. Lowell My Study Windows (1870) 214 Each was natural in his several way. 1894 K. Grahame Pagan Papers 4 But most of them, avoiding classification, keep each his several tender significance. b. (a) Preceded by the indefinite article. Obsolete or archaic. ΚΠ 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xv. 38 To every seed a severall body. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Hviiiv To euery dish a seuerall sawce appropriat to his kinde. 1634 J. Ford Chron. Hist. Perkin Warbeck Epil. Here ha's appear'd, though in a severall fashion, The Threats of Majestie; the strength of passion; Hopes of an Empire; change of fortunes. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) iii. 83 I finde added to the end of every Psalme a severall Prayer. 1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal iii. 26 I see, Sir, you have a several design for every Scene. 1707 C. Cibber Comical Lovers iv. 56 (stage direct.) Florimel and Celadon walk carelessly by one another, Humming a several Tune. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 123 Each Individual seeks a sev'ral Goal. 1873 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 2) iii. 194 To observe the distinction..by a several [1871 distinct] orthography, writing the interjection wo, and the substantive woe. ΚΠ 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xliii. sig. P8 Opinions are as various, as false. Iudgement is from every tongue, a severall. 1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. vi. §1. 86 In neither sense can a multitude be understood to have one will given to it by nature, but to either a severall. 1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 182 Within these Ovals do grow Saffron, Anniseed, Carroway, and Coriander-seed in each Plot a several. ΚΠ 1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle iii. E 1 b Search through the guts of greatnes, and behold What seueral sin best pleas'd them. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iv. 273 He repeated the Several, and Distinct discourse every man had made. d. Not preceded by a limiting word, and qualifying a singular or plural noun. Obsolete or archaic. ΚΠ ?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) iii. xi. sig. R iv To teach seuerall rules for euery sorte it were ouer tediouse. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1428/1 My lord gaue to them seuerall thanks, and they seuerallie did giue to him the like. 1602 M. Drayton Idea in Englands Heroic. Epist. (new ed.) sig. Qv How happy are all other liuing things, Which though the day disioyne by seuerall flight, The quiet euening yet together brings. 1613 T. Adams White Deuil 2 Euery one shewed him seuerall kindnesse. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 610 This said, they betook them several wayes. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 650 The Creator calling forth by name His mightie Angels gave them several charge. View more context for this quotation 1734 A. Pope Ess. Man (rev. ed.) ii. 158 A Mightier Pow'r the strong Direction sends, And sev'ral Men impells to sev'ral Ends. 1838 W. Wordsworth Serving no Haughty Muse 4 My hands have here Disposed some cultured Flowerets..Each kind in several beds of one parterre. 9. Law. (Opposed to joint.) Pertaining separately to each of the tenants of an estate, parties to a bond or suit, etc. Of inheritance, tail: By which land is conveyed or entailed to two persons separately by moieties. Of an obligation to which several are parties: Enforceable against each of the parties independently of the others. several tenancy n. see quot. 16072. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal concepts > [adjective] > applicable individually several1528 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxiiiv Tenauntes in comon be they that haue landes & tenementes..by seuerall tytle & not ioynte tytle, & none of them knoweth of it his seuerall. 1530 St. German's Secunde Dyaloge Doctour & Student xxx. f. lxxxi That wrytte lyeth where two presente by seuerall tytles. 1581 tr. J. Kitchin Jurisdictions 198 Cestuy que plede seueral tenancy.] 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ooo4 Severall taile (tallium separatum) is that whereby land is given and entayled seuerally to two. For example, land is given to two men, and their wives, and to the heires of their bodies begotten: the Donees haue ioynt estate for their two liues, and yet they haue seuerall inheritance. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ooo4/2 Severall tenancie (tenura separalis) is a plee, or exception taken to a writ, that is laide against two as ioynt, which are seuerall. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 189 Joyntenants haue the Lands by one ioynt Title, and in one Right, & Tenants in common by seuerall Titles, or by one Title, and by seuerall Rights. 1821 J. F. Archbold Digest Law Pleading & Evid. 307 If several tenancy be pleaded to parcel, the tenant must also plead over to the action or vouch. 1826 G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scotl. (ed. 5) I. 346 (note) A bill drawn abroad, without the words jointly and severally, settled to be joint and several on a report of mercantile usage. 1847 C. G. Addison Treat. Law Contracts (1883) i. i. §2 38 Wherever several persons agree to perform a particular act, they are bound jointly and not severally in the absence of express words creating a several liability. 1863 Chamb. Encycl. V. 732/2 The general rule of law is, that a contract of several persons is joint and not several. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [adjective] > of the major or minor premise several1551 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Fviij The seconde is called Minor, that is to saie, the seuerall proposicion. 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Fviij The second terme is called the seuerall, whiche is in the second proposicion. 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Gj The terme at large, is in the first proposicion, and the terme seuerall, is in the second proposicion. = severally adv.; separately, apart; distinctly, differently; each in his own place, way, turn, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adverb] manifoldlyeOE mislicheeOE sere-wise1340 in (also on, by) sundry wisea1393 in sundry waysa1393 manifolda1400 manifoldwise1440 multifarya1450 sunderly?a1450 multiplyingly1483 sundrilya1500 several1551 changeably1567 sundrywise1591 severally1605 variously1627 miscellaneously1639 multifariously1657 variedly1827 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adverb] > individually or distinctly distinctlya1382 several1551 unconfusedly1663 unconfoundedly1664 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Iviv Euery kynde of thynge is layde vp seuerall in barnes. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxviij They al pourged them selues euery man seueral [L. separatim]. 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iv. f. 228v These beaten seuerall and apart, and compounded after altogyther,..keepe to your vse. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. i. sig. Z5 Both tooke goodly leaue, and parted seuerall . View more context for this quotation c1615 W. Gordon in Purchas Pilgrims iii. iii. xii. 555 Foure or fiue Wiues, with whom he lyeth by turn euery night seueral. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 697 Hee together calls, Or several one by one, the Regent Powers. View more context for this quotation a1777 Robin Hood & Golden Arrow xiii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 224/1 We'll dress us all so several They shall not us perceive. One shall wear white, another red [etc.]. C. n. 1. in several [Anglo-Norman en several] ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > owning > belonging to one [phrase] > in individual ownership in several1473 in severaltyc1475 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > [phrase] > by joint tenancy in several1473 in severaltyc1475 separalty1567 1473 Acta Audit. (1839) 27/1 Þe landis of Wistoune pertening to him in seuerale & propirte. 1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 24 More profite is quieter found, (where pastures in seuerall bee) Of one siely acre of grounde, than Champion maketh of three. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 13 Their workes, both Streame and Load, lie either in seuerall, or in wastrell, that is, in enclosed grounds, or in commons.] 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Ccc3v Where the lands lie in severall, and are duly cultivated, it answereth to the former Character. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 204 Good store of Pasture, either in several or common. b. Separately, individually; apart from others or the rest; as a separate member, unit, etc. Now rare. to know one's part in several (Law): see A. 2c. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > owning > belong [verb (intransitive)] > have one's part of property distinguished to know in severaltyc1475 to know one's part in several1592 to know one's several1598 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > individual [phrase] > individually or separately by sundriesc1450 in particular1502 in severalty1588 in several1592 in severality1665 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > have tenure of property [verb (intransitive)] > hold by several tenure to know in severaltyc1475 to know one's part in several1592 to know one's several1598 1592 A. Day Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) i. sig. H4v And touching these particularities which wee haue tearmed Motions and affects, let vs consider if you will in seuerall, & see [etc.]. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. vi. xxxiii. 149 Now are we to compare respectively the greatnes of ech part of the world in severall. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 11 Concerning their members or parts in seueral, they are black and hairy,..a long Dogges face, and teeth stronger and longer then Dogges. ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads ii. 320 They all, will fight in seuerall then, (Easie for note). 1652 P. Heylyn Cosmographie iii. sig. Aaa3 So it reteined that name [sc. Asia] to it selfe in several, distinct both from the Greater and the Lesser Asia. 1862 F. Hall tr. N. N. Gore Rational Refut. Hindu Philos. Syst. 160 (note) Nescience and ignorance, when referred to souls in several, are only fractional portions of illusion. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > in or into parts [phrase] in several1650 in severalty1824 1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 27 If thou wouldest have reason, why these Prayers are so short, and in severall, which use to make a long one all put together. 2. a. Land in private ownership or over which a person has a particular right; chiefly in particularized use, a plot of such land; esp. enclosed pasture land, as opposed to common. Obsolete exc. dialect (see quots. 1787, 1895). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > real or immovable property > land > privately or individually owned land severalc1460 scope1569 severalty1570 propriety1661 proprietorship1788 c1460 Oseney Reg. 139 Thabbot and Couent..purposenne..to close all þe forsayde ffelde of le heth and lynlonde as here seuerell. 1473 Acta Audit. (1839) 27/1 Quhethir þe said land..has been broukit..be þe saide Johne of carmichell..as propirte & seuerale til him. 1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng vi. f. 7 The lorde may haue an actyon of Trespace agaynst any man that chaceth or kylleth any of theym in his commen, as well as in his seuerall. 1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell: Sheep (1627) 229 They haue no seuerals to put their lambs in when they should bee weaned. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xiii. 409 He counts to enter common with others as good as his own severall. 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 15 A Farm divided into many Severals. 1787 W. Marshall Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Norfolk II. 378 Dole, or Several, a piece of land upon a heath or common, off which only one particular person hath a right to cut fuel. 1895 W. Rye Gloss. Words E. Anglia Several, a portion of common land allotted to a certain person. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > private property several1555 private property1642 impropriation1647 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions Pref. sig. A ij When no man claimed aught for his seueralle, but lande and water ware as commune to al, as Ayer and Skie. ?1624 G. Chapman tr. Hymn to Apollo in tr. Crowne Homers Wks. 45 No more Yee must be made, your owne Reciprocalls To your lou'd Cittie, and faire seueralls Of wiues, and houses. a1637 B. Jonson Timber 140 in Wks. (1640) III Truth lyes open to all; it is no mans severall. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. i. 242 Some are so boysterous, no severals will hold them, but lay all Offices common to their power. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > owning > belong [verb (intransitive)] > have one's part of property distinguished to know in severaltyc1475 to know one's part in several1592 to know one's several1598 society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > have tenure of property [verb (intransitive)] > hold by several tenure to know in severaltyc1475 to know one's part in several1592 to know one's several1598 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xxiiiv [That] haue such landes & tenementes by seuerall tytle & not ioynte tytle, & none of them knoweth of it his seuerall. 1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII c. 1 None of them [joynt tenauntes] by the lawe..maye knowe their severall partes or porcions in the same. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. §292 Their occupation is indeuided, and neyther of them knoweth his part in seuerall.] 3. plural. (a) Particular or individual points, parts, or qualities; particulars, details. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > a detail or particular > details or particulars particulars1559 severals1609 circumstantial1647 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 180 All our abilities, guifts, natures shapes, Seueralls and generalls of grace. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) i. i. 87 There was not time enough to heare..The seueralls and vnhidden passages Of his true Titles to some certaine Dukedomes. View more context for this quotation 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xii. sig. I8v No man can leaue his Successor rules for seuerals. 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. i. §7 This will be found true in all the severals we are to pass thro. 1739 Burkitt's Expos. Notes N.T. (ed. 11) Matt. vi. 13 In this comprehensive and compendious Prayer, the following Severals are remarkable. (b) rarely in singular. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [noun] > quality of being specific or detailed > a detail or particular circumstances?c1225 parcela1325 partya1393 specialc1405 particular?a1425 partc1425 specialityc1443 specialty1449 especialityc1460 particularity1528 respect1533 severals1606 especial1633 particularment1642 retail1644 instance1649 circumstantiality1854 1606 S. Hieron Truths Purchase 65 This is the first thing which I will..commend as a direction, for the meaner sort, (who cannot enter into the examination of every seuerall). 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) A Several, a Particular. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > one of the parts into which anything is divided > of a subject or action > different parts or branches severals1639 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre v. xix. 260 Herein we branch our opinion into these severals. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 26 Make Infallibility minced (as I may terme it) into severalls, and private Interpretation the Canon of our owne and other mens beleife. 1659 B. Walton Considerator Considered iii. 39 This [general charge] will appear to be most untrue in the severalls, by him mentioned, when we shall come to them. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [noun] > individuality or distinctness > separate or distinct thing or person > separate or distinct things or persons severalsa1616 severalities1649 a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) i. ii. 226 Not noted, is't, But of the finer Natures? by some Seueralls Of Head-peece extra~ ordinarie? View more context for this quotation 1650 Bp. J. Taylor Rule of Holy Living (1727) ii. §3. 73 Besides these general acts of Chastity which are common to all states of men and women, there are some few things proper to the severals. d. Several persons or things. Cf. other pron. and n. 4b, 5b(b). Scottish, Irish English, and U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > plurality > [noun] > more than one person or thing sundry1399 diverse?c1450 divers1526 certain1532 severals1654 1654 E. Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 106 He spoak with severalls that were com in. 1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) i. iii. §5. 21 They remain only as bonds upon the good-will and honesty of these who are thereby bound, of which there are severals. a1699 A. Halkett Autobiogr. (1875) 58 Itt was knowne to severalls aboutt the Court what my concerne in him was. 1711 J. Anderson Countrey-man's Let. to Curat 70 In all the Impressions of the Genevan Liturgie that ever I saw, and I have seen severals, there is a Table for the Moveable Feasts. 1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) iv. 102 They..were acquented with severalls of the great folks. 1860 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 3) Severals, for several, is used in Pennsylvania. ‘How many hats have you?’ ‘I used to have severals, but now have got only one.’ 1875 W. Alexander Sketches Life among Ain Folk 121 Severals o' them wud lickly be cautioners, or hae len'it sooms till 'im. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down (at cited word) Severals told me about it. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [noun] > bounding line or surface > boundary-line > dividing threadc1400 dividentc1450 several1597 ideal line1767 the Great (Continental) Divide1868 borderline1869 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xiv. 23 [The Jews] had..their seuerall for the Priests, and for the high Priest alone their seuerall. There being in ours for locall distinction betwene the Clergie and the rest..but one partition. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Suff. 55 High stiles troublesome to be clambred over. But the owners grudge not the pains in climbing them, sensible that such severals redound much to their own advantage. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † severalv. Obsolete. rare. 1. transitive. To make (a field) ‘several’ or enclosed and private property. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > reclaim [verb (transitive)] > enclose several1482 enclose1503 paddock1873 1482 Cov. Leet Bk. 510 My lorde Priour severels the Brodwok wast. 1482 Cov. Leet Bk. 511 The Maister of þe Trinite Gilde severels a feld in Stychall-hiron calde Miry-felde. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. viii. f. 15v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The people of this Isle vsed not to seuerall their groundes. 1794 W. Pearce Agric. Berks. 49 The advantage resulting from inclosing, or at least severalling common fields, is so very obvious. 2. To divide or break up into separate parts or branches. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)] to-shedc888 to-dealeOE dealc950 twemea1023 to-doOE to-shiftc1122 brittenc1175 sunderc1230 depart1297 parta1300 twain15.. dividec1380 minisha1382 dressc1410 dissever1417 sever1435 quarterc1440 distinct1526 videc1540 disperse1548 several1570 separate1581 dirempt1587 distinguish1609 piecemeal1611 discrete1624 dispart1629 slit1645 parcel1652 canton1653 tripartite1653 split1707 carve1711 scind1869 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. *jv Our Seuerallyng, distinctyng, and Numbryng, createth nothyng: but of Multitude considered, maketh..distinct determination. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 55 Wee will severall the story into her branches. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < adj.adv.n.1421v.1482 |
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