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单词 service
释义

servicen.1

Brit. /ˈsəːvɪs/, U.S. /ˈsərvəs/
Forms: late Old English serfise, Middle English ceruice, Middle English ceruyce, Middle English cervice, Middle English cervise, Middle English saruyse, Middle English sarvysse, Middle English serues, Middle English seruese, Middle English serueys, Middle English serueyse, Middle English seruijs, Middle English seruiz, Middle English seruy (transmission error), Middle English seruyss, Middle English servese, Middle English servysse, Middle English serwyse, Middle English–1500s saruice, Middle English–1500s saruys, Middle English–1500s sarves, Middle English–1500s serueis, Middle English–1500s seruis, Middle English–1500s seruys, Middle English–1500s seruyse, Middle English–1500s servys, Middle English–1500s servyse, Middle English–1500s (1700s–1800s nonstandard) sarvice, Middle English–1600s seruise, Middle English–1600s seruyce, Middle English–1600s servis, Middle English–1600s servise, Middle English–1600s servyce, Middle English–1700s seruice, Middle English– service, late Middle English seervyys, late Middle English servoice, late Middle English servoise, late Middle English servse (transmission error), late Middle English servyes (plural, transmission error), late Middle English seryces (plural, transmission error), 1500s saruis, 1500s sarvys, 1500s sarvyse, 1500s serveys, 1500s servicie, 1500s–1600s cervis, 1500s–1600s sarvis, 1500s–1600s servies, 1600s serveis, 1600s service (plural), Middle English–1500s 1700s serves; English regional 1700s sarvis, 1700s– sarvice, 1900s sahvice (Yorkshire); U.S. regional 1800s sarvis, 1800s–1900s sarvice, 1900s saa'bis (southern, in African-American usage), 1900s sarbis (southern, in African-American usage), 1900s sarviss; Scottish pre-1700 cervice, pre-1700 sarueice, pre-1700 saruice, pre-1700 sarves, pre-1700 sarvice, pre-1700 sarvyse, pre-1700 sarwis, pre-1700 sarwyce, pre-1700 scheruice, pre-1700 scherwyce, pre-1700 scherwyice, pre-1700 serfis, pre-1700 seruece, pre-1700 serueice, pre-1700 serues, pre-1700 seruic, pre-1700 seruice, pre-1700 seruicie, pre-1700 seruis, pre-1700 seruise, pre-1700 seruyce, pre-1700 seruyis, pre-1700 seruys, pre-1700 seruyse, pre-1700 servece, pre-1700 serveice, pre-1700 serveis, pre-1700 serves, pre-1700 serviis, pre-1700 servijs, pre-1700 servis, pre-1700 servise, pre-1700 servyce, pre-1700 servyis, pre-1700 servys, pre-1700 servyse, pre-1700 servyss, pre-1700 serweice, pre-1700 serweis, pre-1700 serwes, pre-1700 serwic, pre-1700 serwice, pre-1700 serwis, pre-1700 serwise, pre-1700 serwyce, pre-1700 serwyis, pre-1700 serwys, pre-1700 serwyse, pre-1700 serwysse, pre-1700 siruice, pre-1700 syrvice, pre-1700 1700s– service, 1800s– sairvice; also Irish English 1700s–1800s sarvice.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French service.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman cervice, cervise, serviche, servis, servisse, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French servise, service (French service ) worship, especially communal worship, religious devotion (c1050), duty of a tenant or vassal to his lord, feudal allegiance, duty of a person to serve his or her country (all c1100), something done in order to fulfil an obligation (c1100), reward for serving, wages, payment (early 12th cent.), funeral obsequies (c1150), act of serving as a domestic attendant (late 12th cent.), meal (late 12th cent.), act of serving food at table (c1200), (in plural) servants collectively (1212), purpose, use (c1250 or earlier), military service (late 13th cent.), set of crockery and cutlery (c1500 in servise de table ), usefulness (1508) < classical Latin servitium condition of being a slave or servant, slavery, bondage, political subjection, servitude, servility, body or class of slaves, in post-classical Latin also devotion (to God) (5th cent. in Augustine), ministers of religion (6th cent.), charge, office (6th cent.), act of performing service (mid 7th cent.; from 8th cent. in British sources), lord's food supply provided by estates (late 7th cent.), labour service of a serf, service or status of a vassal (8th cent.; frequently from 9th cent. in British sources), military service (8th cent.; from 11th cent. in British sources), divine worship (late 8th cent.; from 11th cent. in British sources), act of serving food at table, food served (from 11th cent. in British sources), body of tenants owing service, armed force (from 12th cent. in British sources) < servus slave (see serf n.) + -itium -ice suffix1.Compare Old Occitan servizi , servis , Catalan servei (14th cent.), Spanish servicio (c1200), Portuguese serviço (10th cent.), Italian servizio (12th cent.). In English as well as in the Romance languages this word has largely supplied the place of a noun of action to the cognate serve v.1 (although compare also serving n.), and its sense development appears to have been materially influenced by this close association with the verb. With the Older Scots forms in sch- compare discussion at serve v.1
I. Senses relating to religious (mainly Christian) ritual or worship.
1.
a. A form of liturgy or ritual prescribed to be followed for a particular religious ceremony (e.g. for a particular occasion), or for a public act of worship.Often with preceding defining word, as baptismal service, burial service, communion service, etc.; for more established compounds see the first element. Also commonly with certain verbs (formerly sometimes without preceding article), as to read service, to say service, to sing service.The interpretation of quot. lOE is not entirely clear. It refers to the participation of bishops in the ceremony of consecration of a fellow bishop; the use of a prescribed ritual may be merely contextually implied, in which case the quotation may be better placed at sense 3. The bishops' participation is furthermore described as being in obedience to the summons of the presiding archbishop; it is therefore also possible to interpret service as here being closer in meaning to sense 8a, although this seems less likely.In quot. a1470: funeral obsequies (attested only in to give a person (his) service).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > [noun] > instance or form of
churchOE
servicelOE
rightlOE
observancea1250
officec1300
preachingc1350
ritec1350
ceremonyc1380
usea1382
prayerc1384
form1399
ordinancea1400
ordera1425
worship?a1425
worshippingc1443
common prayer1493
common servicea1500
ordinarya1513
celebrity1534
church servicea1555
religious exercise1560
function1564
agend1581
church office1581
liturgy1593
Common Prayer service1648
ritualities1648
ceremonial1672
hierurgy1678
occasion1761
religiosities1834
cursus1865
joss-pidgin1886
worship service1929
society > faith > worship > sacrament > communion > [noun]
massOE
servicelOE
sacrament?c1225
table1340
commoningc1384
the Lord's Supperc1384
Eucharista1400
oblation?a1425
communion1440
sacrifice?1504
Lord's Table1533
Maundy1533
the Supper?1548
unbloody sacrifice1548
mystery1549
communication1550
banquet1563
liturgy1564
table service1593
synaxis1625
mysteriousness1650
second service1655
nagmaal1833
ordinance1854
table prayer1858
society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > service book (general) > [noun]
church bookOE
servicelOE
standard1466
kirk book1503
service book1553
Hirmologion1850
church service1855
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 1070 Þa gewraðede hine se arcebiscop Landfranc & bebead þam biscopan ðe þar cumene wæran be ðas arcebiscopes Landfrances hæse þa serfise to donde, & eallan þan munecan, þæt hi scoldan hi unscrydan.
c1300 Oxf. Student (Harl.) l. 63 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 42 Þo come þe maistres..þe seruise for to do And þo hit was to ende ibrouȝt and þe bodi ibured [etc.].
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 5059 Whan þe seruise was seid as it schold bene, þat fel to a mariage be-maked at cherche.
12 Concl. Lollards (Trin. Hall Cambr.) in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1907) 22 297 Þe seruise of Corpus Christi imad be frere Thomas.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2048 To do the office of funeral seruyse.
a1425 (a1400) Titus & Vespasian l. 1038 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1904) 112 25 (MED) To her synagoge þei gune go..And Syr Pylate þei founde þere, That stode þerin, his seruyce to here.
c1450 (c1430) Brut (Galba) (1908) 425 The Erchebisshop of Caunturburi..and othir Engelisshe Bisshoppis..diden this solempne seruyce there, and weddid hem togederis.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 1026 And on the morne he gaff hym hys servyse [1485 Caxton gaf hym seruyse] and put hym in the erthe byfore the hyghe awter.
1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. cxvv God geve grace their chapellayn at the last make them not so mad to saye service alone.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. i. 231 We should prophane the seruice of the dead, To sing a Requiem and such rest to her As to peace-parted soules. View more context for this quotation
1699 W. Wotton tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. XII. vii. 94 In the 7th. [Decree] they order the Deans of Chapters to oblige the Vicars to read Service in the absence of the Canons.
1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 132 If it be not..prohibited..by a Rubrick of the Burial-Service.
1752 J. Leaf Worldly Compliances 29 Read over their vow in baptism! do you mean the christening service? why that is not in my prayer-book.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. v. 88 The reverend gentleman..read as much of the burial service as could be compressed into four minutes.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. ii. 159 A baptismal service in which the sign of the cross might be used or omitted at discretion.
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxvi. 317 A service consisting of the chanting of prayers and the blowing of trumpets is gone through.
1902 Hastings & St. Leonards Observer 4 Jan. 2/4 At the close of the address the Vicar asked the congregation..to follow him through the Baptismal Service, and renew their vows.
2009 Church Times 6 Nov. 16/4 The author..provided an illustration of the pulpit and churching pew in their original position—to enable..the minister to read the service from his desk.
b. spec. A form of liturgy prescribed for daily use which does not include celebration of the Eucharist; the Divine Office (= office n. 1(a)). See also divine service n. 1. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > canonical hours > [noun]
service?c1225
houra1250
officec1300
divine service1389
canonical hours1483
course1570
little hours1688
choir offices1876
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 7 In þe eareste dale of ouwer boc of ouwer seruise.
c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) l. 307 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 228 Ȝwane we schullen ore seruise don, ore louerd sent us liȝt.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. ix. xxix. 543 Þanne ofte we reherse þe one & fifty psalmes [emended in ed. to fiftyþe psalme] in þe seruise of þe day.
1422 in A. T. Bannister Reg. Thome Spofford (1919) 81 (MED) We..charge yow that dyvyne servyse, as mateyns at midnight, evynsange, and oures in thair tyme be dewly observed and keped.
1547 Injunctions given by Edw. VI xxiv. c j b People neuerthelesse perswadyng themselfes, sufficiently to honor God on that daie, if thei heare Masse & seruice.
1652 J. Gage Christian Sodality To Rdrs. sig. b4 The Lay-people reading their Primmers, read the best Praying part of all the holy Sacrifice, and service of the Day.
1777 P. Thicknesse Year's Journey France & Spain I. xxix. 251 I always heard at least two voices chanting the service when the monks retire from the church, which is not till seven o'clock at night.
1838 C. Seager (title) The Daily Service of the Anglo-Catholic Church, adapted to family or private worship.
1938 Oxf. Compan. Music 629/1 Office hymn, a liturgical hymn appointed for the Office, or Service of the day... The Office Hymns of the Roman Breviary were not transferred to the English Prayer Book.
2009 Music & Lett. 90 349 The latter observed service according to its own individual Use, while the former observed the conventional Tridentine Rite.
2. Worship; the action of expressing reverence or veneration to a god or God; esp. communal worship conducted according to a prescribed form of liturgy or ritual. Now rare except in divine service n. 2.The collocations God's service, public service, common service were formerly also common.
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society > faith > worship > [noun]
worthingeOE
bigengOE
worshipOE
knowledgingc1225
praising?c1225
holinessc1275
servicec1275
servingc1275
shrifta1300
anourc1330
worshippinga1333
devotion1340
blessing1382
the calves of our lipsc1384
gloryc1384
magnifyingc1384
worshipfulnessc1390
adoringc1405
divine service1415
adorationc1443
reverencingc1443
praise1447
culture1483
common servicea1500
venerationa1530
thanksgiving1533
cult1613
cultus1617
doxology1649
glorifying1748
feasting1840
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4025 Þe king bi-gon seruise. on ælches cunnes wise æfter þan heðene laȝen.
1395 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 7 To praye diuine seruice for my lordes soule Sir Thomas West.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28251 In kyrk i wroght oft syth vn-ro Quen goddis seruis was to do.
c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 553 Hir hous the chirche of Seinte Cecilie highte..In which, in to this day, in noble wyse Men doon to crist and to his Seinte seruyse.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 3455 When þe lyst slepe and wil noght ryse, And comes overlate tyl Goddes servise.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) Prol. 4 This boke of all haly writ is mast oysed in halykyrke seruys.
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) i. vi. sig. B.ii Toward this purpose, are expressely prayed many deuout orasons in ye comen seruice of our mother holy church.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xi. 18 Solemne duties of publique seruice to be done vnto God, must haue their places set and prepared.
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xxi, in Poems 10 A drear, and dying sound Affrights the Flamins at their service quaint.
1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 13 Aug. (1965) I. 252 I was yesterday at the French church and star'd very much at their manner of Service.
1749 Minutes Method. Conf. (1812) 41 Exhort those, who were brought up in the Church, constantly to attend its service.
1868 Ladies' Repository Sept. 192/2 [He] said to him that, by command of the authorities, the tavern door, during God's service, must be closed.
1995 Jrnl. Amer. Res. Center in Egypt 32 216/2 Her cult..required priests as well as priestesses to do her service.
3. A ceremony of (usually communal) worship conducted according to a prescribed form of liturgy or ritual.In informal use often without preceding article.
ΚΠ
c1330 Sir Degare (Auch.) l. 491 in W. H. French & C. B. Hale Middle Eng. Metrical Romances (1930) 303 (MED) Þe prest for him ful ȝerne gan bidde, and..þe seruise was idon.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 315 On oþer þing his look som tyme he caste And eft on here while þat þe seruise laste.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 144 When serves was done, he went vnto þe bysshopp & shrafe hym.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xxi. 110 b The houre of seruice being come, the Maizins beginne to cry vppon the towres.
1600 Weakest goeth to Wall sig. H4 Then the Parish is like to haue no seruice to day.
a1650 S. D'Ewes Jrnls. Parl. Queen Elizabeth anno 1563 (1682) 60/1 Few came to Service, and the Church so [was] unreplenished.
?1706 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft: 2nd Pt. vi. 66 They go to Shooting or Bowling, as soon as Afternoon Service is done.
1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany viii. 121 I looked into the church, where service was going on.
1911 G. H. B. Ward Truth about Spain vi. 89 The close of the service, when the time came for the retrocessional to the Altar of the Blessed Virgin.
2007 Daily Herald (Chicago) 4 Aug. v. 3/5 Parents are encouraged to attend the meeting after service to introduce them to the Spiritual Practices curriculum.
†4. figurative. Birdsong, represented as or likened to the singing of a religious service (sense 3). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > [noun] > making sound > singing
servicea1425
a bliss of birdsc1430
warblea1547
warbling1587
firdoning1599
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 669 By note made faire seruyse These briddes..They songe her songe as faire and wele As angels don espirituel.
a1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 302 [The birds] song euerich in his wise The most solempne seruise Bi note þat euer man I trowe Had herd.
1483 W. Caxton in tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccclxxxxvjv/1 Dayly they herde the mery seruyce of the byrdes syttyng on the tree.
5. A musical setting of the sung portions of the liturgy; esp. (in the Anglican Church) a setting of the canticles for matins or evensong, or of certain portions of the liturgy for Holy Communion (often referred to more fully as the morning service, evening service, and communion service respectively).
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society > faith > worship > church music > [noun]
mass1529
church music1565
service1622
sacred music1785
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > setting of church offices
service1622
verse-service1851
1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xi. 99 King Henrie the eight could not onely sing his part sure, but of himselfe compose a Seruice of foure, fiue, and sixe parts.
1641 J. Barnard (title) The first book of selected church musick, consisting of services and anthems, such as are now used in the cathedrall, and collegiat churches of this kingdome.
1782 W. Mason Coll. Anthems p. xix The Service which Thomas Tallis composed in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
1837 Morning Post 23 Oct. The choir sang Boyce's Service in A, Jomelli's Sanctus and Responses, and a treble anthem from the 8th Psalm.
1863 Imperial Dict. Universal Biogr. III. 940/2 He..left in MS. various works, and composed a beautiful morning and evening service for the cathedral of Aberdeen.
1952 Musical Q. 27 478 Both Tallis and Byrd, among others, wrote large-scale ‘Great’ Services, in which the words were expanded musically at will.
1967 Musical Times 108 801/2 His upbringing in an Anglican choir has led him naturally to write in the long tradition of church music, not only settings of the Canticles—his Evening Service in C in Latin-American rhythms is probably his most frequently performed work—but more extended settings of sacred texts.
2014 Sunday Mercury (Birmingham) (Nexis) 6 Apr. 12 Composer Ben Parry watched as the 50 gowned boys and girls of the Solihull Chamber Choir sang The Solihull Service during Choral Evensong in the cathedral.
6. A book intended to be read or sung from during a service, a service book (= church service n. 3); (in later use also) an order of service. Now rare.
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society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > service book (general) > [noun] > containing directions for worship > Anglican
prayer book?1529
Book of Common Prayer1549
service book1553
book1588
Common Prayer Book1595
liturgy1629
servicea1684
common prayer1688
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 136 A vast old song book or Service.
1860 G. A. Sala Lady Chesterfield's Lett. v. 76 Young lasses..with big velvet and gold-clasped Services in their hands.
1970 Estherville (Iowa) Daily News 26 Mar. 1/4 Worshippers will receive a printed service as they enter the church and should be prepared to follow it without announcements.
II. The action of serving someone or something, the work or duty of a servant, and related senses.
7. The action of serving God or a god by obedience, piety, and charitable works; religious devotion.Arguably simply a contextual use of sense 8.
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society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun] > serving of God by
servicea1225
society > faith > worship > good works > [noun] > serving of God by
servicea1225
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 155 Dauid..deþ us to understonden on hwiche wise þe halie Men hersumden ure drihten ine þisse liue, and hwiche mede heo sculen habben for hore feire seruise.
c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall Select. Early Middle Eng. (1920) I. 220 Yef we uilleth don his seruise..we sollen habbe þo mede wel griat ine heuene.
1339 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1882) I. 136 (MED) I make this chartre with al my wille Goddes service for to ful fille.
?c1430 (c1383) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 6 Þei don not goddis seruyce in hem selfe but drawen oþere men þer-fro.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xvii. §22. 63 He..lufid vs in his goednes, noght for oure seruys.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Almsdeeds iii. 180 Wyll he see vs lacke necessaries when we do hym true seruice?
1614 Life & Death E. Geninges x. 91 A Virgin who had wholy dedicated her selfe to the seruice of God.
1748 Important Direct. how to spend Every Day (ed. 2) 23 Unless men did irrationally place the service of God in praying this hour rather than another, they might see how improvidentially they lose their time.
1828 L. M. Child in N. P. Willis Legendary I. 4 He verily thought he was doing God's service, and he did it with a concentration of power and purpose well worthy of the respect it inspired.
1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters II. 134 There will come a time when the Service of God shall be the beholding of him.
1902 J. Payne Poet. Wks. II. 28 Resigned To do God's service where He bids it us, We are content to live beneath the smoke.
1948 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 28 Aug. 4/2 May we dedicate ourself anew to thy service in this troubled world.
2017 Bks. Ireland Nov.–Dec. 38/3 He longed to achieve sainthood though self-denial and service to God.
8.
a. More generally: the action of serving someone or something; performance of the duties, role, or function of a servant; work done in obedience to and for the benefit of a master, mistress, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > [noun]
theiningc888
servicea1225
hinehedea1300
officec1330
employment1563
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > performance of duties of
servicea1225
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 33 Ȝewerȝed bie ðe mann..þe want his herte..more to mannes seruise ðanne te godes.
a1275 St. Margaret (Trin. Cambr.) l. 200 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 67 Ruffin was my broþer..e dede men to sunne; þerefore we loude lowe ant yeld here seruise, ofte mid muchele wowe.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1714 (MED) Leue askede hem hom to faren, Wið wiues and childre ðeðen charen, But if laban him ðelde [read gelde] bet Hise seruise, and wið-holde him get.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28283 Ouer slaw i was for þam to ris, Reckeles to do þam þair seruise.
c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 204 Seruauntis for here seruyse [c1475 Douce 323 seruyces]..Takiþ mede of here maistris as þei mowe accorde.
a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) l. 346 (MED) Avise yow and be wise Of theym which profre such seruyce.
?1537 Hugh of Caumpedene tr. Hist. Kyng Boccus sig. A.iv Shall aman forget the seruyce of a good seruaunt that well hathe serued hym.
1586 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 32 Margerie Heselden for tene wykes servies iijs vjd.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 248 Remember I haue done thee worthy seruice . View more context for this quotation
1653 A. Moore Bread for Poor 9 Three well-bred horses might perform his service and husbandry, he must keepe five or six of these in continuall diet for those uses.
1668 in Athenæum (1894) 2 June 710/1 My station obligates me to render service with obedience to her commands.
1707 J. Stevens tr. F. de Quevedo Comical Wks. 190 Is this the Service I am to expect from you, Paul! I must turn a new Card.
1754 A. Stevenson Hist. Church & State Scotl. II. i. 214 His lordship promised for the council, that they would not forbear to do their master service to their power.
1822 S. Carolina Stat. (1840) VII. 462 In case any male slave or slaves be so permitted..to hire out their own time, labor or service.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 67 Then tending her rough lord,..In silence, did him service as a squire.
1936 Washington Post 19 Feb. 13/2 There is always the buffet supper for the woman who must entertain simply..and without the service of a maid.
1998 Eng. Hist. Rev. 113 11 Marshall was retained to do him service at the handsome annual fee of ten marks.
b. figurative. See also sense 16e.
(a) Specifically with reference to sexual activity, e.g. in †the flesh's service, the service of Venus, Venus's service. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > sexual intercourse
ymonec950
moneOE
meanc1175
manredc1275
swivinga1300
couplec1320
companyc1330
fellowred1340
the service of Venusc1350
miskissinga1387
fellowshipc1390
meddlinga1398
carnal knowinga1400
flesha1400
knowledgea1400
knowledginga1400
japec1400
commoning?c1425
commixtionc1429
itc1440
communicationc1450
couplingc1475
mellingc1480
carnality1483
copulation1483
mixturea1500
Venus act?1507
Venus exercise?1507
Venus play?1507
Venus work?1507
conversation?c1510
flesh-company1522
act?1532
carnal knowledge1532
occupying?1544
congression1546
soil1555
conjunction1567
fucking1568
rem in re1568
commixture1573
coiture1574
shaking of the sheets?1577
cohabitation1579
bedding1589
congress1589
union1598
embrace1599
making-outa1601
rutting1600
noddy1602
poop-noddy1606
conversinga1610
carnal confederacy1610
wapping1610
businessa1612
coition1615
doinga1616
amation1623
commerce1624
hot cocklesa1627
other thing1628
buck1632
act of love1638
commistion1658
subagitation1658
cuntc1664
coit1671
intimacy1676
the last favour1676
quiffing1686
old hat1697
correspondence1698
frigging1708
Moll Peatley1711
coitus1713
sexual intercourse1753
shagging1772
connection1791
intercourse1803
interunion1822
greens1846
tail1846
copula1864
poking1864
fuckeea1866
sex relation1871
wantonizing1884
belly-flopping1893
twatting1893
jelly roll1895
mattress-jig1896
sex1900
screwing1904
jazz1918
zig-zig1918
other1922
booty1926
pigmeat1926
jazzing1927
poontang1927
relations1927
whoopee1928
nookie1930
hump1931
jig-a-jig1932
homework1933
quickie1933
nasty1934
jig-jig1935
crumpet1936
pussy1937
Sir Berkeley1937
pom-pom1945
poon1947
charvering1954
mollocking1959
leg1967
rumpy-pumpy1968
shafting1971
home plate1972
pata-pata1977
bonking1985
legover1985
knobbing1986
rumpo1986
fanny1993
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 69 Ȝef þer ne mey noþere kendelyche Do þe flesches seruyse.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. iii. 904 Þe swete amounde..tendiþ þe seruice of Venus [L. venerem accendit].
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. xvii. sig. ei Ther lacked litle that the yonge man was nat vainquisshed, & that the flesshe yelded nat to the seruice of Venus.
1674 C. F. Wit at Venture 8 After a long and continent repose From Venus service..; The brisk young Pego arm'd with youthful state, Resolves to make Adventure of his fate.
1847 R. Willis tr. W. Harvey Wks. 287 The cock..sings the nuptial song at each of his new espousals! yet even he, after some length of time in Venus's service, begins to fail.
2010 N. Klassen in H. F. Nelson et al. Through Glass Darkly 52 Robert Entzminger does not appear to realize that the notion of wasting time in Venus's service nicely supports his thesis of how time functions in the poem as a whole.
(b) In general use, esp. with reference to objects regarded as having a subordinate or ancillary function.Not always easily distinguished from sense 24.
ΚΠ
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 468 (MED) Livere..lunge..galle..splen..alle unto the herte ben Servantz, and ech in his office Entendeth to don him service.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 6389 What nede war þat þa creatures þan, Shewed swilk servyse mare for man.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras vi. 46 The starres didest thou sett in ordre, and gauest them a charge, to do seruyce euen vnto man [L. ut deservirent homini].
1600 R. Cawdrey Treasurie Similies 162 As in a mans body one part is very readie to doo seruice to an other, the foote to the eye, and the eye to the foote: Euen so euerie Christian man, as parts of the mysticall body of Christ, must be willing and ready to do seruice one to an other.
1788 T. Holcroft tr. Life Baron Trenck I. 93 I had, still, eighty louis-d'ors in my purse..and these, afterward, did me good service.
1930 Illustr. London News 22 Mar. 497/1 Search the Moth for defects, compare it point for point with any other light 'plane..compare its performance..its faithful service to its owners.
2018 @LafayetteAzvedo 3 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 18 Sept. 2019) My phone is about to die so before it does I would like to thank it for its many years of service and loyalty.
c. An act of serving; a duty or piece of work done for someone by, or as by, a servant. Cf. sense 22b. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > [noun] > a service
servicea1393
piece of service1575
society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > piece of work or task > done for a master
servicea1393
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2110 Thus scholde every worthi king Take of his knihtes knowleching, Whan that he syh thei hadden nede, For every service axeth mede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15333 Your fete þus haf i weschen all..þe seruis al i yow ha don.
?a1534 H. Medwall Nature ii. sig. g.iiii But now syr ys there any seruyceThat ye wyll commaunde me.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lvii. sig. D4v I haue no precious time at al to spend; Nor seruices to doe til you require. View more context for this quotation
1639 G. Chapman & J. Shirley Trag. Chabot ii. iii. sig. D I send for you about a service Of equall price to me, as if againe My ransome came to me from Pavian thraldome.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) A mean Servant, that does all base Services in a House; a Drudge.
1857 Observer 1 Nov. 8/2 Mrs. Webb deposed that she had performed every service that was required of her. She was only six days off duty after giving birth to her twins.
1942 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 2 529 Man's life is..a service rendered to a power... That power may be called Nature, Life, sometimes Society.
†9. Reward for service, wages, payment. Also figurative. Obsolete.A development resulting from the use of service in sense 8 as the object of verbs such as pay and yield which can be interpreted as referring to financial transactions. Cf. also serve v.2
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > [noun]
hirec1000
shipec1000
shipingc1275
servicec1300
soldc1330
wage1338
payment1370
reward1371
pay?a1400
mercedec1400
remunerationc1400
souldie1474
emolument1480
soldery1502
stipend?1518
entertainment1535
task-money1593
consideration1607
gratuitya1637
wadage1679
addling1757
solde1852
treatment1852
screw1853
time1877
money1887
wage payment1923
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 990 King þe wise, Ȝeld me mi seruise.
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 128 But ȝe þat hated cristendame..ȝour seruise schal ben endeles schame.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28397 Myn hird-men and als oþer maa Haf i þaire seruis halden fra.
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 844 Pay not þi serwauntys here serwyse.
1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay sig. Bvii Thay that wil noth help thair nichtburs in thair necessite and wil notht len to thayme in thair mister without okker mony or seruice or raward.
10. With reference to obligation to a superior (originally a feudal lord).
a. A duty (whether a payment in money or in kind, a definite amount of obligatory labour, or some other useful or beneficial act) which a tenant is bound to render from time to time to a feudal lord. See also in service at Phrases 1b(a)(iii). In later use historical.Often with preceding modifying word; for more established compounds, as knight-service, rent service, etc., see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > [noun] > forced, statute, or feudal work
week-worklOE
servicec1300
corvée1340
task-work1582
statute work1683
statute labour1729
statute duty1753
slave labour1820
forced labour1872
society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > [noun]
servicec1300
servagec1400
servitudec1500
serviceage1601
reddendoa1630
render1647
boon1656
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun]
gavelc725
tacka1300
servicec1300
customc1390
servagec1400
taskc1400
homage1440
under-aid1579
reddendoa1630
workdaya1634
render1647
darg-days-
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 562 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 122 Ȝif ani man of holi churche halt ani-þing of lay-fe..he schal don þere-fore Þe seruise þat to þe kinge bi-fallez.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 7056 Þe barons..said þei suld not so suilk a newe seruise to reise ne to do.
1491–2 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1491 §12. m. 5 Kyng Edward the fourthe..graunted the lordshipe..to Griseld..to have and to hold to hir and to hir heires..by the service of a redde rose yerely.
1549 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis (1845) I. 434 Payand heir for ȝeirlie..ten penneis for bundage arrage or carrage and vthir dew seruice vsit and wont.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 129 Divers services reserved on the Land he gave his Subjects.
1799 E. Hasted Hist. Kent (ed. 2) VIII. 54 It appears by the record of Dover castle, taken in king Edward I.'s reign, that the prior of Horton held one knight's fee in Horton, by the service of ward to that castle.
1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. v. 13 The peasants groan..Weighed down by tolls, by services and dues, Which to their mighty lords they ever owe.
1950 Sci. & Society 14 138 It was these developments..which forced the feudal ruling class to adopt those expedients—commutation of labor services.., etc.—which finally led to the transformation of productive relations in the countryside.
2002 A. Harding Medieval Law vii. 233 The largest mass of early legislation..was inspired first of all by the efforts of the lords..to maintain the value of feudal services.
b. Feudal allegiance, fealty; profession of allegiance, homage. In later use sometimes more generally: formal commitment or obedience to a person or institution having authority. Now chiefly in to swear service.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > feudal service > feudal homage or allegiance > [noun]
manredOE
manshipc1175
homagec1300
manheadc1325
servagec1325
servicec1325
manhood1340
servageryc1425
manrent1442
servitudec1500
trewage1592
homagy1610
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 3865 Þe king wende þo to parys..& alle þe heye men of þe lond þuder come ywis. Hor omage of hom & hor seruise he nom.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 2971 Bot he [sc. the king of France], that wiste nothing why He scholde do so gret servise After the world in such a wise, Withstod the wrong of that demande.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 918 Þis freke all his franche of Ph[ilip] he haldis, And was a suget to him-selfe & serues him aȝt.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xiv. 325 And I shall holde you quyte of all the servyse that ye owe me, & your eyres also, for evermore.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 38 Gyvyng..to theyr pryncys & lordys al humbul servyce & meke obedyence.
1589 T. Gates in Summarie Drakes W. Indian Voy. Ep. Ded. sig. A2v I thought it my bounden duetie, hauing professed my seruice to your Lordship before all men, to dedicate the same rather vnto your Lordship then to anie other.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. i. 23 Vpon your oath of seruice to the Pope. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. i. 34 Your Nobles will not heare you, but are gone To offer seruice to your enemy. View more context for this quotation
1712 T. Bray Papal Usurpation & Persecution i. 12 All Kings and Emperors owe the Pope Service and Fealty.
1832 J. F. Cooper Heidenmauer I. v. 86 No sooner was one of these local lords firmly established in his hold, by receiving service and homage from the husbandmen, than [etc.].
1887 West Shore (Portland, Oregon) Dec. 876/1 The members [of the militia companies] did not, however, take the oath of service to the state.
1929 Derby Daily Tel. 15 July 1/6 His Lordship inquired whether a policeman was a servant of the Crown. Did he take an oath of service to the Crown?
1997 E. Levin tr. N. Pushkareva Women in Russ. Hist. iii. 130 Peter..established special Guards regiments that swore service directly to her [sc. the Empress Catherine].
†c. Apparently: a feudal holding of land. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > a legal holding > [noun] > a feudal holding or fief
feec1330
feoffmentc1330
servicec1390
fief1611
feud1614
feudatoryc1660
benefice1753
fee-estate1775
feu1791
feudality1800
fiefdom1814
seigneury1903
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. ii. l. 69 In al þe seruyse [a1425 Univ. Coll. Oxf. seignourie] of Slouþe I sese hem to-gedere.
11.
a. Originally: the action of serving the sovereign or the state in an official capacity; the duties or work of a public servant. Later more generally: the action or fact of working for a particular employer, institution, etc.jury service, public service, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > [noun] > regular occupation, trade, or profession > public service
servicec1300
public service1576
public employment1625
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > civil service > [noun] > civil servant > position or duties of
servicec1300
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 261 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 114 He wilnede mest of alle þinge..Þat he moste with honour bi-leue þulke baillie And ech oþur seruise of court.
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 30 Yat no man schal ben excusyd of absence at yat messe, but it be for ye kyngges seruise.
1463–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1463 §20. m. 6 Aldermen or recorders of the same cite..shalbe chosen and assigned to doo their service in the coronacion of the kyng.
1568 Duke of Norfolk Let. Oct. in H. Campbell Love Lett. Mary Queen of Scots (1824) App. 27 You, taryying behynd, wold furder us in this her Majesties sarvys.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 15 The Lords..because they so judged it best for her Majesties service, sent over Sir John Norreys.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia (1629) 185 Captaine Powell not having performed his service in the West Indies he conditioned with the Company.
1709 J. Swift Project Advancem. Relig. 58 Men of great Abilities would then endeavour to excell in the Duties of a religious Life, in order to qualify themselves for publick Service.
1775 Ld. Dunmore Let. 30 Nov. in Remembrancer (1776) 3 24/2 I am therefore determined to go on doing the best of my power for his Majesty's service.
1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. iv. 90 ‘And I,’ said his father, ‘have no wish to detain him on the service in which he is now employed.’
1891 S. J. Weyman Story Francis Cludde (1900) iii. 30 I am on the Queen's service, boobies, and must not be hindered.
1973 Times 9 June 19/2 The new employer's scheme takes over the responsibility for benefits in respect of the service with the former employer.
2012 D. Robertson in P. Keech Freelance Fashion Designer's Handbk. viii. 90 I was selected twice to sit on a jury and ended up doing service for three weeks.
b. The action or fact of working or being employed in a particular capacity (irrespective of whom the work is done for), esp. in regard to the length of time a person has worked or served.
ΚΠ
1828 J. Tuckerman 1st Semiannual Rep. of 2nd Year as Minister at Large (Amer. Unitarian Assoc.) 17 I have kept..an accurate account of my receipts and expenditures for the poor, from the beginning of my service as a minister at large.
1897 78th Ann. Rep. (Board Public Educ., 1st School District Pennsylvania) 314 The holder of a Permanent Assistant's Certificate may, after not less than five years' service as a teacher in the public schools of this District, make application..for the award of a Principal's Certificate.
1931 Amer. Mercury Feb. 163/1 It is exactly..as if every surgeon had to have years of service as a hospital orderly..behind him.
1975 W. Anderson Wild Man from Sugar Creek (1977) xi. 124 The Talmadge advisers during his first eight years in state politics were known more for their brief periods of service in that capacity than anything else.
2006 U.S. News & World Rep. 7 Aug. 30/1 There should at least be a ‘cooling off’ period between active lobbying and service as a campaign treasurer.
†12. The attentions or devotion of a lover; professed love. Cf. sense 16d. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > courtship or wooing > [noun] > devotion or attendance on a lady > devotion or suit of a lover
servicea1393
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 2012 (MED) The mede arist of the servise: Fortune..at som time is favorable To hem that ben of love trewe.
a1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 183 What wondre is thenne thogh that I beset Mi seruice on suche one.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. x. sig. Hh6v So well he woo'd her, and so well he wrought her, With humble seruice, and with daily sute. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 141 Let me my seruice tender on your lippes. View more context for this quotation
1694 N. H. Ladies Dict. 520/1 After long Service and attendance, the poor Lover almost heartbroke, and out of hope, sneaks, which gives her cause to Triumph.
1770 J. Millar Observ. Distinction of Ranks in Society i. 55 It was only by a long course of attention, and of the most respectful service, that the lover could hope for any favour from his mistress.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 153 Yourself, Now weary of my service and devoir.
13.
a. The duty of a soldier, sailor, or (in later use) airman or airwoman; the performance of this duty; (frequently) spec. actual participation in warfare (more fully active service: see active adj. and n. Compounds 2). See also piece of service n. at Phrases 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military service > [noun]
knightshipa1175
armsc1300
knighthoodc1384
warfarec1485
service1549
soldiership1561
soldierfare1579
military service1586
stipend1604
caska1616
milice1635
lance1641
militia1641
soldiering1643
camp1725
military1757
1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 205 He was waged against theim by Philippo Duke of Myllaine: and in that seruice..was parte of the occasion, that the Uenetians than lost the citee of Verona.
1557–8 Act 4 & 5 Philip & Mary c. 3 §3 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 321 Any Capitayne Petie Capitaine or other, having charge of Men for service in Warre.
1632 P. Massinger Maid of Honour i. i. sig. B2v Pray you shew vs The difference betweene the city valour, And service in the field.
1702 Propos. Effectual War in Amer. 9 When they [sc. the Companies] form a Battalion or go upon Service, the Eldest or Senior Officer should command.
1828 Sporting Mag. 22 248 When I was a soldier we were on service together.
1889 A. C. Gunter That Frenchman! i. 10 Then I volunteered for service in Mexico, and fought my way to..a captaincy.
1943 Comm. Grant of Honours 2 in Parl. Papers 1942–3 (Cmd. 6463) IV. 671 The Africa Star will be granted for service in North Africa from the date of the entry of Italy into the war on the 10th June, 1940, up to the date of the cessation of operations against the enemy in North Africa on the 12th May 1943.
2014 Combat Stress News Spring 12/3 (caption) John..joined the Army at 16... He completed his service at the rank of Colour Sergeant.
†b. A military or naval operation in which a particular soldier, regiment, ship, etc., serves; an expedition or engagement. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > [noun]
service?1560
operation1749
show1892
mission1910
op1916
party1918
?1560 T. Norton Orations of Arsanes sig. Q.ij Albanie shall poure out his men of warre vpon your frontiers, his ships that now attend for that seruice shall bring your danger nerer.
1590 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons 7 The Countie of Creance had in the seruice against Charles the 5. the charge of 600. footmen.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. L2v Alexander..when hee receiued Letters out of Greece, of some fights and seruices there. View more context for this quotation
1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vi. 57 Then the King's Forces enter'd the Town after a very warm service, the chief Officers, and many Soldiers of the other side being kill'd.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxxii. 288 The captain..swore he would confine Mackshane as soon as that service should be over.
1848 R. Cannon Hist. Rec. 9th Regim. Foot 128 He subsequently took an active share in the battles of the Nive of the 9th, 10th, and 11th of December... During those services he was twice wounded.
†c. A particular manner of performing military service (sense 13a), e.g. mounted or on foot, or with a specified weapon. Frequently with preceding specifying word. Cf. sense 20a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military service > [noun] > type or manner of service
service1594
1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. 26 Their bowes and quiuers at their backes do ring, Their light horse seruice doth to gallop long.
1610 B. Rich New Descr. Ireland 37 The Galloglas succeedeth the Horsman..: his seruice in the field, is neither good against horsmen, nor able to endure an encounter of pikes.
1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 84 His force consisting only of Foot, and the Galles entirely of Horse, a Service at which they are very expert.
1777 G. Washington Let. 3 Oct. (2001) XI. 382 He seems desirous of exchanging the Foot Service to that of the Artillery, as he thinks he can render his Country more service in that line.
†d. plural. Payments for military service (sense 13a). Obsolete.Found only in dictionaries.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for military purposes
services1802
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Services, pecuniary disbursements, or payments which are made for military purposes.
†14.
a. (A person's) formally expressed respect or regard, spec. as conveyed to another person. Chiefly archaic after 18th cent.Typically used as a type of respectful greeting, e.g. in a request to the recipient of a letter to convey a greeting to a third party (in give my service to (a person), etc.); or when paying a formal call on someone (in to pay (also present) one's service (to a person), etc.).
(a) In singular. Cf. duty n. 1a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > [noun] > due respect or respectful service
duty1297
service1567
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > deferential
devoir14..
service1567
respects1577
mannersa1616
baisementc1654
baisemain1656
regards?1702
salaam1786
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 173v For as I haue hetherto enioyed the benefit of a moste pleasant libertye..then voide to desier to commend my seruice to the best Lady of them all.
1593 T. Lodge Life & Death William Long Beard sig. C4v I present my self before you..both to present my seruice to my Prince and your Honors, and to drawe my friendes and wel willers to that dutie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. i. 94 My dutie Madam, and most humble seruice ! View more context for this quotation
1658 W. Nicholson Apol. Discipline Anc. Church Let. to Author sig. A3v I pray give my service to the good Man; and I do heartily thank him for my share of the book.
1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour i. i. 4 It lies convenient for us, to pay our Afternoon Service to our Mistresses.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 4 Apr. (1948) I. 232 Give my hearty service to Stoyte and Catherine.
?1751 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) i. 3 Pray shew him this letter, with my service to him.
1809 S. J. Arnold Man & Wife (ed. 2) i. iii. 15 Take this my honest lad.., say nothing about it, and give my service to Nancy.
1894 T. D. English Select Poems 4 Then said Sir Huon—‘To your noble lord Present my service and bespeak him thus.’
a1916 J. Todhunter Isolt of Ireland (1927) 14 Enter Kurvenal. He brusquely salutes Isolt. Kurvenal. My service to you, Princess!
(b) In plural. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 29 My seruices to your Lordship. View more context for this quotation
1723 F. Atterbury Let. 10 Apr. in A. Pope Corr. (1956) II. 165 Give my faithful services to Dr Arbuthnot and Thanks for what he sent me.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xii. 275 My services to you, sir, to principal and ambassador, to master and—and lacquey.
b. Used in a toast or salutation when drinking to a person; chiefly as my service to you. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking salutations [interjection]
rivoa1593
my service to you1637
tope1651
three times three1683
hob or nob1756
bottoms up!1858
chin chin1888
here's hoping, how, looking (at you), luck1896
down the hatch1918
cheerio1919
cheero1919
(here's) mud in your eye1927
cheers1930
lechayim1932
salut1933
salud1938
1637 J. Shirley Hide Parke iv. sig. G3 Is the wine good?..My service to you Lady, and to him Your thoughts preferre.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 135 Ld. Smart. Tom, my Service to you. Neverout. My Lord, this Moment I did myself the Honour to drink to your Lordship.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality v, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 93 ‘My service to you, Mr. Morton,’ he said, filling one horn of ale for himself and handing another to his prisoner.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxxi. 303 Bows greeted Arthur with great respect and cordiality..‘Your health and my service to you,’—and he took a sip at the pewter measure of porter which stood by his side.
15. The action of serving a customer in a shop, hotel, etc.Cf. also the much earlier use with reference to the serving of food (see sense 30a).
ΚΠ
1853 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 26 Nov. 344/1 We ought not much longer to be without examples of good hotels paying well by virtue of efficient service at low charges.
1949 Christian Sci. Monitor 11 May 21 An American visiting in London was told that the only way to get good service in restaurants, hotels and theaters was to tip generously.
1985 J. Randle & M. Watanabe Coping with Japan 61 Shopping is a delight in Japan. Service is excellent.
2016 Mega June 64/1 Davao City's Seda Abreeza [Hotel] equates the ideal customer experience to an anchored trifecta: attentive service, unparalleled convenience and at-your-fingers facilities.
III. The state or condition of being a servant; the fact of serving a master, employer, etc. (In many senses often hard to distinguish from branch II., especially when preceded by a preposition, since the actions of a servant can be seen as characterizing the state of being one.)
16. Almost always after a possessive or followed by of.
a. The condition or fact of serving or being devoted to God or a god.Arguably simply a contextual use of sense 16b.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [noun] > person > condition of being
servicec1225
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) l. 419 Þe selie godes spuses, þe..in his anes seruise hare lif leaðeð.
a1325 (c1250) Prov. Hendyng (Cambr.) i, in Anglia (1881) 4 182 Lern us alle to be wise, And to hendi in godis servise.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5482 Siþen him deid ioseph, þat wis, And endid in our lauerd seruis.
a1475 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Cambr. Gg.1.16) (1997) iii. xi. 79 O the acceptable and the iocunde seruice of God.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Mattyns f. iiii O God..whose seruice is perfect fredome.
1650 G. Goodman Proposition sig. C2 Truely Sacriledge is the renouncing of God, and of his Service, and the greatest of all sins.
1793 E. Winchester Process & Empire of Christ vii. 228 Blessed be my God..In whose blest service I would wish to spend Whatever part of my short life remains.
1874 W. P. Mackay Grace & Truth 233 It is only now that we can have fellowship with Him in His service as the rejected of earth.
1917 Common Service Bk. Lutheran Church 177/2 Grant that our children may be drawn unto Thee by Thy good Spirit and ever kept in Thy service.
2007 J. Neuhaus in M. R. Miller Doing More with Life i. 29 God appears to a young girl, speaks to the young girl, and delivers a call into God's service.
b. The condition or fact of being a servant of a particular master, employer, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > condition or occupation of > of a particular master or household
servicec1300
feec1330
c1300 St. Christopher (Laud) l. 59 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 272 Daþeit þanne, Cristofre seide, þat leng beo in þine seruise.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 4 Kings v. 2 A lytill chyld womman caytife, that was in the seruyce [L. in obsequio] of the wiyf of Naaman.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 4595 I am so sore bounde hym tille From his seruise I may not fleen.
1536 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 5 For my sake to accept this berer salisbury again into your seruice.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ii. 142 To leaue a rich Iewes seruice . View more context for this quotation
1658 Earl of Monmouth tr. P. Paruta Hist. Venice i. i. 51 Cardona agreed with Maximillian Sforza to take his pay as General of all his men; and so quitted the Service of the Spaniards.
1716 W. Hawkins Pleas Crown i. 130 If a Parent in a reasonable Manner chastise his child, or a Master his Servant, being actually in his Service at the Time.
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 27 That's the very housemaid... She went into Fanny's service when we were first married, and has been with us ever since.
1841 W. M. Thackeray Great Hoggarty Diamond xii You will hardly fancy that I..knew anything of the concerns of the Company into whose service I entered as twentieth clerk.
1920 A. Carnegie Autobiogr. x. 140 I resolved to leave the service of the railway company and devote myself exclusively to my own affairs.
1959 Encounter Dec. 53/2 Padmore couriered across Europe in the service of the Party, organising and taking risks.
2006 K. W. Bender Moneymakers iii. 76 Highly qualified experts were sent packing and gladly entered Komori's service.
c. The condition or fact of serving the monarch or (in later use) the state; the condition or fact of being a public servant.Mainly (and in early use only) with of or after a possessive; in later use also after an adjective indicating the state served, in constructions such as in the British (also French, etc.) service (chiefly with reference to military or naval service).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > civil service > [noun]
servicec1325
public service1576
Whitehall1716
civil service1816
striped trousers1958
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2418 & hii ssolle be such þat no prince ne dorre hom vorsake Ac vor hor prowesse gladliche in to hor seruise hom take.
1418 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 295 (MED) These be þe namys of þe Marineris that buth Rebel aȝayns the Kyng-is Comission whan thay be Required by the Maisters of þe ky[ng]-is Cervise.
1535–6 Act 27 Henry VIII c. 14 §6 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 547 Any Captayne of any Shipp in the tyme of Warre beyng in the retynue and service of the Kinges Highnesse.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xvii. 19 b He being in seruice of his most Christian Maiesty.
1692 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 633 Orders are issued for all young men in the new conquests capable of bearing arms, to list themselves in the French service.
1779 J. Warner in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) IV. 95 Charles Fox has made his motion for the removal of Lord Sandwich from his Majesty's service and counsels.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 594 That the three English regiments in the Dutch service might be sent to the Thames.
1897 E. G. Constantine Marine Engin. vi. 51 Blasco de Garay, an officer in the Spanish naval service.
1993 A. Brink On Contrary i. 13 My considerable experience of matters military..as a member of the cavalry in the service of His Majesty King Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia.
d. The condition of being the professed and/or devoted lover of a person (cf. servant n. 8b), or of being devoted to love (in a more or less personified form). Cf. sense 12.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > condition of being the servant (of love)
servicec1405
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 272 He moste han knowe loue and his seruyse.
a1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 189 For this day in her seruice shall I dye.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 101 This wes hir sentens sueit and delectable: ‘A lusty lyfe in luves seruice bene’.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 284 And Longauill was for my seruice borne. View more context for this quotation
a1657 W. Mure Wks. (1898) I. ii. 48 Gif I be thyne, no greiff can death impairt Sall mak me seime thy service to deny.
1755 M. Mendez Double Disappointm. i. 2 Parmit me, Madam, to assure you I long to die in your service that I may shew you I'd be your most faithful humble Sarvant.
1879 E. J. Pfeiffer Quarterman's Grace 96 Must the heart that is weary and taking its rest, Again in the service of love be prest For the poorer wage of his afternoon?
1922 E. Dorrance & J. Dorrance Lonesome Town x. 97 Jane Lauderdale should notice his readiness to do or die in her service.
2006 Arthuriana 18 64 Cligés's recognition that Fenice and he are equally faithful in Love's service echoes..the terms of the lovers' initial meeting.
e. In more general figurative use: the condition or fact of dedicating oneself or being devoted to an abstract entity in the way that a servant may serve a master. See also in the service of at Phrases 1b(b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun]
growingc1380
profitingc1384
increasec1385
bettering?c1425
progress1457
advancementc1475
service1533
progression1586
increment1609
upgrowinga1618
flowering1629
rise1676
development1756
evolution1796
march1818
headway1832
upgrowth1844
upbuilding1876
1533 T. More 2nd Pt. Confut. Tyndals Answere v. p. cxlix God kepte hym thorowe the felynge fayth from consentynge to the seruyce of synne, and fro the malyciouse castynge of, of the yoke of goddes commaundementes from hys necke.
1650 E. Llewellin Divine Medit. 25 O my soule, consider this in profound and serious meditation, and enter not into the service of sinne, to have the Devill thy pay-master.
1702 J. Tomkins Piety Promoted, 2nd Pt. 160 He was Firm and Constant in Spirit, in times of Suffering and Persecution, prefering the Service of Truth, and the Testimony of it, before all worldly things.
1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I ii. 169 Linneus, who has enlisted all our senses into the service of botany.
1825 Brit. Rev. May 300 Those are real well-wishers to their country, who use their endeavour to enlist into the service of religion and morality every aid that may be derived from imitative talent or elegant literature.
1949 A. Schwarzschild tr. K. Renner Instit. Private Law (2007) ii. 110 The machine is forced into the Caudian forks, into the service of capitalism.
1999 F. S. Saunders Cultural Cold War (2013) viii. 103 The service of art is not incompatible with the devotion to the cause of freedom and human dignity.
2014 M. Aaron Death & Moving Image i. 17 The remarkable potential of the new technology [sc. film]—especially its capacity to harness perspective and illusion in the service of the sensational.
17.
a. The condition, state, or occupation of being a servant (without reference to the person or organization served).From the 19th century chiefly with reference to domestic service (see domestic service n.).
(a) As the object of various prepositions (in later use mainly in, into, out of; also to after certain verbs, e.g. to put to service). See also at service at Phrases 1a(b), in service at Phrases 1b(a).to muster into (also out of) service: see muster v.1 4d.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > condition or occupation of
servicec1300
servantship1560
servantry1615
servitude1651
servitorship1824
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > in or into service [phrase] > out of service
to turn out of service1568
service1978
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1439 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 147 With luytel folk and luytel aise þare he dude bi-leue..his men he broȝte In seruise heore mete to wynne þere.
1426 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 71 (MED) I woll and pray ȝow þat Phelippe be kept on seruice stille.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 4 If a man haue an hired plowman in to serueys to dwel wiþ him.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia i. sig. L.v Gentlemen because of their pale and sicke faces and patched cotes wyll not take them into seruyce.
?1556 N. Smyth tr. Herodian Hist. i. f. 10 The same beynge put to seruice in the Emperours house.
1663 J. Bunyan Christian Behaviour 62 Servants at their going into service, may be beguiled two wayes.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas (1782) I. i. xvii. 104 I resolved to go to service, and hired myself to a great woollen-draper.
1751 Newcastle Gen. Mag. Apr. 182/1 I esteem my Removal from my Aunt into Service as a Happiness.
1837 Times 15 Feb. 6/5 The boy's mother..stated that she would prefer sending her son to service to keeping him at day labour work.
1902 Nottingham Evening Post 21 Jan. 4/3 She afterwards left his employment, and went into service.
1978 D. M. Katzman Seven Days a Week (1981) iii. 139 Not only did domestics change jobs frequently but there also was a steady flow of women out of service as they got married or went to work in other occupations.
2006 New Eng. Q. 79 66 In 1851, eighteen-year-old Louisa went into service.
(b) Without construction.
ΚΠ
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 86 The whiche Amon was Seneschall of the king,..and became riche by his seruice.
c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 47 Alle that ther wold seruyse haue, Knyȝte squiere, ȝoman and knaue.
1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xi. f. 70 [She] determined therfore..to seeke seruice in that house, counterfaiting the kinde and habite of a Page.
1648 Bp. J. Hall Select Thoughts 95 Service is a lawful calling; beggery not so.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 124 The sons and daughters of service part with liberty, but not with Nature in their contracts.
1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xxx. 11 I wish you could have given up service by this time.
1946 Observer 27 Jan. 5/5 (headline) Million maids left service in 15 years.
2009 Past & Present May 192 Mrs Hopwood entered service at the age of fourteen, in 1907.
†b. The condition of being a slave or serf; slavery, bondage; = servitude n. 1a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > slavery or bondage > [noun]
theowdomc893
thralshipc1200
thraldomc1275
thrallhead1297
servagec1300
thrall14..
bondage1330
dangera1375
servicea1382
servitutea1393
thaneheada1400
thrillagec1400
serviturea1422
servitudec1425
thrildomc1480
thirldom1489
thirlage1513
servilityc1530
slavedom1562
serviceage1594
bondmanship1611
bond-service1611
slaverya1616
slavishnessa1620
bond slavery1835
chattelship1857
chattelhood1871
thirl-band1871
thirl-service-
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Esther xiv. 8 With most hard seruyse [L. servitute] þei oppressen vs.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 4268 Ne we ne knawe on what wyse We suld serue seruage seruyse. Fre we ere, so salle we be.
1574 J. Higgins 1st Pt. Mirour for Magistrates Nennius f. 69 Then liue in bondage, seruice, slauery, thrall Of foraine powres.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem ii. f. 98v Ane man being haldin as ane slaue in service may seik his liberty.
18. An office or duty in the fulfilment of which one may serve God or a god; (in later use esp.) the office of being a priest or religious minister. Cf. ministry n. 1a. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > [noun] > service of
servicec1384
church servicea1400
ministration1535
ministry1560
ministering1566
ministerialism1884
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Cor. v. 18 God..ȝaf to vs the mynisterie, or seruyse, of reconcilinge [L. ministerium reconciliationis].
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 247 Þe sixte servise takeþ he þat is above in bysynesse... In þe sevenþe servyse is he, þat haþ mercy in gladnes.
1548 tr. M. Luther Chiefe Articles Christen Faythe sig. a viiiv This shalbe your ministerie or seruice, ande this shalbe your office that you shall take vppon you.
1653 P. B. Brief Surv. Proc. Congregational Churches i. 4 Persons of able parts..fit for Elders and Officers in the Churches of Christ, are wanting so, as to be chosen to, and to take on the said service and charge.
1709 J. Hancocke Answer Dr. Hicks’s Christian Priesthood Asserted 41 That none transgress the settled Rule..of his Place, or Ministry, or Service.
1857 Christian Treasury 12 193/1 To teach, or to exhort, is a ministry, or service, in the Christian Church.
1963 Furrow 14 685 The powers and authority were given to them [sc. Christ's followers] for this ministry or service to be handed on to their successors in turn.
19.
a. A position or job as a servant. Now historical and rare.
ΚΠ
1469 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 547 Whedyr þat they shall sek hem newe seruysys or not.
1505 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Edinb. (1869) I. 107 Ony maner of vagabounds, young fallowis or young husis, haffand na prettik nor seruice to life vpon.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ii. 151 I cannot get a seruice, no, I haue nere a tong in my head. View more context for this quotation
1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 248 And doubtless for so small abuse, A young Man may his Service lose.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. vi. 134 It seems to me..that you might have found a service where they eat less, and are more orthodox in their worship.
1878 Nursery Maid i. 6 I..determined to write a little book upon the subject,..that a young girl who seeks a service might be a little acquainted beforehand with what she will have to do.
1983 Hist. Workshop Spring 64 With some of these [employers] she developed so close a friendship that departure on resigning a service became a matter of genuine grief.
b. As a mass noun: employment as a servant. Now rare.In quot. 1637: the fact of being employed as a servant in a particular household.
ΚΠ
1637 J. Milton Comus 4 And take the weeds and likenesse of a Swaine, That to the service of this house belongs.
1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia IV. cxiii. 107 These little Presents excited such an Emulation in all who dwelt in his Parish, that no one Servant of bad Reputation dared to seek Service in that Place.
1881 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 12 Feb. 11/4 I took the strange step of transforming myself into a servant-of-all-work, and seeking service with Mrs. Preedy.
1923 G. R. Galwan Servant of Sahibs (1924) p. ix Afterwards when he had obtained service with English travellers he writes: [etc.].
1931 Illustr. London News 23 Nov. 46/2 People from round about hurried up to seek service at the mansion, and he made his choice from among them.
20.
a. Originally: †a body of individuals engaged in military activity (obsolete). Later: a particular branch or division of the armed forces, considered either as a sphere of duty or occupation, as an organization, or as a profession.In early use not always distinguishable from sense 13c.By the 18th century increasingly used to refer to the whole of the army or the navy, as being the two main functionally distinct divisions of the armed forces of a country; in this sense the service could sometimes be used, without prior indication, to refer specifically to one of these. Subsequently such use of the word (without preceding modifying word or other contextual indication) has been extended to other comparably distinct divisions of the armed forces of a country, notably its air force. In addition, service continues to be used with a preceding modifying word to refer to smaller divisions within these.the senior service: see senior adj. 2a.
ΚΠ
1598 H. Roberts Honours Conquest sig. K3 For the Sea seruice, was appointed for to bee Admirall, Alfonce Earle of Pyemont, hauing vnder his charge of Gallyes, Bregandines and Foystes, one hundred and fiftie sayles.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xxi. 782/2 The Admirall of England was entred the Frith, and at new Hauen landed his men, where ioining his, to the land Seruice, they altogether marched thence towards Lieth.
1678 E. Fowler Vindic. Friendly Conf. vi. 232 All persons in any Military Imployment should be obliged to take the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy, otherwise to quit the Service.
1714 Spectator No. 566. ⁋3 A Man has scarce the Face to make his Court to a Lady, without some Credentials from the Service to recommend him.
1761 C. Dalrymple Mil. Ess. ii. 33 When rank was given to the officers of the navy, a post captain took place immediately as a lieutenant colonel, and at the expiration of three years as a colonel: whereas in the land service, a lieutenant colonel seldom attains that rank, under ten years service... Therefore, to make the affair equal between the services..suppose that [etc.].
1824 Morning Post 11 Mar. A very fine most distinguished and truly promising young Officer in the Hon. East India Company's Cavalry service.
1833 Mil. & Naval Mag. U.S. Nov. 129 The following suggestions are now presented for the consideration of the officers of both services.
1842 R. Burn Naval & Mil. Techn. Dict. French Lang. p. v My brother Officers, or those of the Sister Service.
1909 J. D. Smith Hist. 19th Regiment Maine Volunteer Infantry vi. 104 A man of the Fifteenth Massachusetts, found guilty of desertion, was drummed out of the service in the presence of our Brigade.
1943 J. R. R. Tolkien Let. 9 Dec. (1995) 65 For I love England.., and if I was of military age, I should, I fancy, be grousing away in a fighting service.
2010 Waterloo (Canada) Chron. (Nexis) 7 July 1 She was in the artillery service for four years during the Second World War.
b. In plural (often as the services). The armed forces.rare in North American usage.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > [noun]
mainOE
strength?a1160
armaturea1450
force1487
ranka1533
armed forces1572
troops1598
military1757
fyrd1832
the services1850
1850 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 113 362 He thought great improvements might be effected in the services generally.
1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 381 The merchants and others not connected with ‘the services’ could only be admitted by ballot.
1927 T. G. Frothingham Amer. Reinforcem. in World War xvi. 129 One of the outstanding necessities..was to establish precedence of orders in just proportion to the requirements of the departments of the Services.
2013 Eastern Eye 1 Mar. 16/2 Flora currently works in the RAF's supply logistics department..and believes that life in the services has made him a stronger Sikh.
21. In non-military contexts.
†a. (The staff of) the East India Company. Cf. servant n. 6d. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1638 in J. Harby Humble Manifest (1650) 5 It is ordered, that..all and every the Farmers shall see the Books of the Treasurer, aswell for his Cash, as for any thing else that shall concern the service.
1685 W. Hedges Diary 8 Jan. (1887) I. 176 Fearing Agent Beard and Councill at Hugly might be soe displeased with him for shewing any kindness to me, as to turne him out of ye Service.
1776 W. J. Mickle in tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad Introd. p. cliii Thomas Pearson, Esq.; of the East India Company's Service.
b. A department or group of public servants engaged in the provision of a particular function or in meeting a particular public need. Frequently with preceding word indicating the area of activity; for more established compounds, as consular service, excise service, etc., see the first element. See also civil service n., foreign service n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > body of
service1755
officiary1849
officiate1865
1755 J. Mackay Spirit of Loyalty & Rebellion 24 He then begged, that if his grace did not incline that the examination against the Jacobites in the excise service, should be carried on, that he should be provided for.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. x. 160 Francis Kennedy, of his majesty's excise service.
1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers II. ix. 143 The commanding officer of the impress service.
1901 F. H. Skrine Life Sir W. W. Hunter 308 With a small Service which has a few splendid prizes and many blanks, it is inevitable that [etc.].
1947 Jrnl. Educ. Sociol. 20 520 The American Labor Education Service is a national agency which has performed specialized functions..during the twenty-one years of its existence.
2017 New Scientist 19 Aug. 12/1 ‘We have a very significant fire season unfolding,’ says Daniel Perrakis, a fire research scientist at the Canadian Forest Service.
IV. Help, benefit, advantage, use.
22.
a. The action or fact of helping or benefiting someone or something; action or behaviour that is conducive to the welfare or advantage of another; help, assistance. Esp. in to do (also give, render) service.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > helping
service?c1225
helpingc1275
bootingc1300
supportinga1450
the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > action of benefiting > beneficial action
service?c1225
services rendered1656
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 100 Ham..we schulden þonkin ase þe serueð us of muche seruise þach hit beo unþonckes.
a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 719 (MED) Whanne seye we þe..naked oþer in prisoun and dude þe seruise non?
1461 J. Berney in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 242 I recummaund me to ȝow, praying ȝow hertyli to labur for that the Kyng may wryte vnto me gevyng me thankyng of þe good wyll and servyse that I haff doo vnto hym.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias ii. 4 b A man experimented in matters of the Sea, and of Navigation, wherein he had done to this kingdome great service.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. H4 We see..what notable seruice and reparation they [sc. the Jesuits] haue done to the Romane Sea. View more context for this quotation
1665 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim viii. 39 I intend to do you service by revealing to you my very heart.
1758 O. Goldsmith Hist. our own Lang. ii, in Wks. (1885) IV. 449 I am far from saying that Parker was a fine..writer of the English language, but he certainly did it infinite service in discouraging..the moley, creeping style, which [etc.].
1779 Mirror No. 35 Professions of friendship and regard will lead to expectations of service that cannot be answered.
1853 W. F. Ainsworth W. B. Barker's Lares & Penates Introd. Pref. 3 During the campaign of the French in Syria he also rendered good service to our old ally the Porte.
1914 E. Sichel Renaissance iii. 101 He rendered real service to literature, for..he saw the worth and the beauty of the Italian vernacular and carried on the work of Poliziano.
1933 Brainerd (Minnesota) Daily Disp. 11 Dec. 1/2 Their initiative and generous response in giving their time and service in this great humanitarian emergency is inspiring.
2002 R. M. Davidson Indian Esoteric Buddhism v. 180 Dehejia..has done great service in identifying and illustrating these sites.
b. An instance of this; an act of helping or benefiting another; an instance of beneficial, friendly, or helpful action; a useful office; a favour.services rendered: see Phrases 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > [noun] > helping > an act of helping
helpa1300
servicea1413
assist1597
hand-up1871
the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > action of benefiting > beneficial action > instance of
servicea1413
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 514 O deth..Do me at my requeste þis seruice, Delyuere now þe world..Of me.
?1457 H. Fylongley in Paston Lett. & Papers (2005) III. 165 Yf þer be any seruyse þat I can do for yow, hit shall be redy at all tymes.
1585 R. Lane Let. 12 Aug. in Trans. & Coll. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1860) 4 18 I colde not but wryte thes ylle fasshoned lynes vnto you, and to exhort you..not to refuse yhe good opportunyty of suche a seruyce to yhe churche of Chryst.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 164 I pre'thee (Lucio) doe me this kinde seruice . View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1667 (1955) III. 496 If they esteemed it a service to the University (of which I had ben a Member).
1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Pompey in Plutarch Lives (1904) 434/1 In the Mithridatic war they [sc. the Pirates] assumed new confidence and courage, on account of some services they had rendered the king.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. iii. 406 He..mentioned two services by which the co-operation of that Prince might be ensured.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 567 While Mary lived, it might well be doubted whether the murder of her husband would really be a service to the Jacobite cause.
1960 New Scientist 10 Mar. 575 The Guillebaud Report..may be doing a service to more than the railwaymen directly affected.
2013 M. C. Hawthorne Finding Woman who didn't Exist vi. 140 This anonymous book defacer had in fact rendered a huge service to posterity.
c. In plural. Assistance in general (rather than specific helpful or useful acts), as provided by or available from a particular person or (less commonly) thing. Frequently with of or after a possessive. Cf. office n. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > friendly assistance
servicesa1513
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > professional assistance
servicesa1513
support1935
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. ccxvii*v/1 Olyuer Damman, & Iohnn Doyacon, whose seruyces I haue in such wyse vsed þt by theyr meanys & counceyll I thynke my lyfe hath ben longe preseruyd.
1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 67 They seeing their forces, defence, and strength, to fayle in Ferdinand.., were now come to make offer of their seruices to him.
1694 R. South 12 Serm. II. 474 He misplaced his Confidence, took Hypocrisie for Fidelity, and so relied upon the Services of a Pack of Villains.
1715 S. Parker Ess. Duty Physicians & Patients i. 32 Methinks the Doctor might be so kind as to come of his own accord, and offer his Services.
1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds iii. 40 Seeing that greater strength of finger was what they wanted, he offered his services.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xiv. 115 I think we shall be able to help each other,..and shall have no need of Mr. Bowls's kind services.
1917 Health Culture Aug. 381/1 (advt.) To delicate people who require massage and have not the means or opportunity of procuring the services of a masseur, the roller is invaluable.
1952 Economist 9 Aug. 340/1 The old custom of ‘barn-raising’, at which neighbours and friends volunteered their services, is coming back into fashion [in the U.S.A.].
2006 Esquire Sept. 48/2 Few designers would admit to using the services of forecasters, believing their trend antennae to be finely tuned enough, thank you very much.
23. With of or possessive. The action or fact of supplying or meeting the needs of a specified person, organization, establishment, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > of something needed > of a person or thing with necessaries
servicec1350
supply1544
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] > fact or quality of serving needs or ends
servicec1350
usea1398
functionality1836
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) ciii. 15 Þou art bryngand forþe hay to mere ci [read meres] and grasse to seruice of men [L. et herbam servituti hominum].
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 70 (MED) Alle þingis ben maad and foormed into þe seruise of man; Alle þei ben maad to helpe þe nede of resonable creaturis.
a1475 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Cambr. Gg.1.16) (1997) iii. xi. 79 Heuon and yerþe, þat þou haste made vnto mannes seruice [L. in ministerium hominis].
1577 in State Papers Dom. PRO SP 12/111 f. 124v (no. 48) To press men at reasonable wayges, and to take shypes at reasonable praysement for the sarvyce of this voyage.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. vi. 4 b A great fountain for the common seruice of the house.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 163 Who can imagine that any of the primary Planets were wholly designed for the service of Us and our Earth?
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxi. 214 The baths of Antoninus Caracalla, which were open, at stated hours, for the indiscriminate service of the senators and the people.
1828 A. B. Granville St. Petersburgh I. i. i. 30 The articles manufactured..are generally intended for the army, the navy, and the colonies, or for the general service of the prisoners in the kingdom.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped v. 45 On the south shore they have built a pier for the service of the Ferry.
1922 Mod. Lang. Rev. 17 424 Prominent players of the company were allowed a certain number of passes nightly to the boxes and gallery for the service of their friends.
2013 New Indian Express (Nexis) 17 Dec. Sivakumar said that ‘108 ambulances’ will be deployed for the service of the pilgrims at Pampa.
24.
a. Assistance or benefit afforded by an animal or thing (or by a person as involuntary agent); the work which an animal or thing is made to do. See also of service at Phrases 1c, to do service at Phrases 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > by involuntary agent
servicec1405
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l.101 A lord in his houshold Ne hath nat euery vessel al of gold Some been of tree and doon hir lord seruyse.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 616 Thai..brak the boit quhen thai war landyt thayr. Serwice off it Sotheroun mycht haiff no mayr.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes i. f. 14v Sophistrie dooeth no helpe, vse ne seruice to dooynges in publique affaires or bearyng offices in a commen weale.
1666 J. Smith Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ 82 How much service they [sc. the grinders] do to man while usable.
1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. i. 8 He..has given them to you for Food and Service; don't you see that we eat them, and ride upon them, and the like.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas I. i. vi. 30 I bore their discourse with patience, because to fret myself would have done me no service.
1879 U.S. Med. Investigator 1 Nov. 321 This was given to control the dysmenorrhœa. I usually give it two weeks before the period, and it has given excellent service.
1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. viii. 178 The introduction of the conception of limiting factors did great service in calling attention to the interaction of the various factors.
2006 Hist. Stud. Physical & Biol. Sci. 36 239 In 1962 Spicer..installed a new, 35 MeV betatron... It gave good service until its decommissioning in 1986.
b. The function or proper mode of operation of a limb, organ, etc. Cf. office n. 4b. Now rare (in later use only in to refuse its (also their) service).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > [noun] > proper operation or function
workOE
office1340
helpingc1400
servicea1475
use1509
function1537
working1643
a1475 tr. Gilbertus Anglicus Pharmaceutical Writings (Wellcome) (1991) 97 (MED) A man-is tonge haþ two seruicis: Oon is to taast with a mannes metis and drinkis; anoþir is to speke.
1531 tr. E. Fox et al. Determinations Moste Famous Vniuersities iv. f. 62v This foulenes of concupiscence, desire, and lust is then opened or vncouerd, whan it requireth and taketh vnto it the office and seruice of tho membres, that be ordyned for it.
1615 R. Rogers Comm. Bk. Judges xxxix. 309 The Lord..dealeth out to euery member his measure, according to the vse and seruice which belongs to it.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas I. ii. i. 98 Tho' his hand shook, it did not refuse its service, but went and came with great expedition.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas IV. x. x. 61 After having walked about two hours, my little legs began to refuse their service.
1870 Sci. Amer. 27 Aug. 128/1 The muscles of the eyes at first refuse their service.
1914 C. Doerner Little Ripples of Song 21 My limbs refused their service, and my brain.
1959 H. Trevelyan tr. H. von Kleist Penthesilea xiii, in E. Bentley Classic Theatre II. 364 Her stumbling foot refused its service.
25. With of or possessive. The interest or advantage of a specified person.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > relation in respect of > a person's
noteeOE
commodity1410
servicea1450
interess1452
commodomec1547
commodie1575
interest1579
particular1597
a1450 (?c1405) in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 24 Loke how goddis lawe ȝe vse; Whom ȝe refuse, and whiche auaunce, ffor goddis loue, or ȝoure owen seruyce.
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 141v They did their best to obteine her in mariage, omitting no meanes to aduance their seruice, and make theim meritorious of her fauour.
1630 ‘M. Car’ tr. St. Francis de Sales Treat. Loue of God vi. xii. 363 I am not here for mine owne interest, and seruice, but to obaye and accomplish the will of my Maister and Maker.
1713 R. Steele in Guardian 12 Mar. 2/2 I shall find enough to do to give Orders proper for their Service, to whom I am by Will of their Parents Guardian.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued I. ii. 359 If we have..a reasonable prospect of promoting her service in the long run.
1851 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 10 May 290/1 The whole visible economy and adaptations of the world have a practical relation to the wants and conveniences of man, and were evidently designed for his service and delight.
1936 Harper's Mag. Feb. 153/2 Hitler thought that by the simple installation of an army chaplain..as Reichsbishop, he could ‘co-ordinate’ the Evangelical Church in Germany, and turn it to his service.
2014 E. Brynjolfsson & A. McAfee Second Machine Age xi. 171 Inclusive ones [sc. institutions] bring prosperity, and extractive ones—ones that bend the economy and the rules of the game to the service of [an] entrenched elite—bring poverty.
†26. The purpose or use to which a thing is put. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] > the use to which a thing is put
naita1522
function1537
employment1597
service1600
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ii. 50 They know not what seruice to put their waxe vnto.
1613 H. Spelman De non temerandis Ecclesiis To Rdr. sig. A2 All the vessels of the Kings house, are not gold, or siluer, or for vses of Honour. Some bee common stuffe, and for meane seruices: yet profitable.
1722 in T. S. Willan Early Hist. Don Navigation (1965) 47 They should propose truncks in Arnold Drein and Mill Dike under the cut..let me know if any such trunks are proposed and for what service.
1805 J. Skene Let. in J. G. Lockhart Life Scott (1896) 130 A new kitchen range (as..the grate for that service is technically called).
1840 Asiatic Jrnl. & Monthly Reg. 32 ii. 229/2 [The boats] are to be well armed and equipped for the service of capturing opium ships, brigs, and schooners.
1922 Sci. Amer. July 43/2 If the human drill press were to be replaced by a magnet for the service of holding the drill in place, an extremely powerful magnet would be required for the purpose.
27. Usefulness, serviceableness, utility. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > [noun]
usea1382
notefulheada1400
utilityc1400
serviceableness1579
behovefulness1592
usefulness1618
inservience1657
commodationa1676
utile1685
service1691
serviceability1845
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 103 The usefulness and service of the said Lead.
1787 W. Nicholson Introd. Nat. Philos. II. (ed. 2) i. ii. 14 To make this instrument of more service, there has been added a little plate or dish..at the top of the tube.
1845 Horne, Thornthwaite, & Wood's Catal. 10 in C. Varley Treat. Optical Drawing Instruments Those instruments often sold for Medical purposes, under the name of Electro Magnetic Machines..are rarely of much service, in consequence of the galvanic current produced flowing alternately in two different directions.
1910 Expositor Apr. 371 The system has its service in showing how impossible it is to get rid of Sin as a tragedy in the universe.
1993 Irish Times 3 Nov. 12/4 Collins believes that..its [sc. radio's] real service is in integrating the community.
28. Permission or opportunity to use something; the loan of a thing for use; = use n. 3c. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > lending > [noun] > (a) loan
loanc1290
commodatum1572
lendc1575
mutuation1604
commodate1728
service1810
accommodation1823
rub1902
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [noun] > opportunity or practice of using > permission to use
service1810
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 94 Tell Roderick Dhu, I owed him nought, Not the poor service of a boat, To waft me to yon mountain side.
1882 Epochs & Episodes Hist. 174/1 Five guineas would not obtain the service of a chaise for a ten miles' drive.
1941 N.Y. Times 25 Jan. (Sports section) 20/7 If your..correspondent will..procure the service of a stepladder, he will find those skis in an attic where I left them fifty-two years ago.
V. The action of waiting at table, or of supplying food; the delivery or supply of any commodity; and related senses.
* Senses relating to the serving of food, drink, etc.
29.
†a. The food that is placed on a table, or before a person, as a meal; (sometimes also) an allowance or portion of food. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > amounts of food > [noun] > portion of food > portion served
sanda700
messc1300
servicec1330
help1809
round1839
serving1864
serve1868
helping1883
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 3482 Þer was in alle wise Mete and drinke & riche seruise.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13990 A man þat hight symon leprus, At ete he praid him til his hus... Ful fair seruis symon him dight.
a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) l. 1504 Anon they wer to borde sette, And fayr servyse byfore hem sette.
1557 F. Seager School of Vertue 342 Disshes with measure thou oughtest to fyll, Els mayste thou happen thy seruyce to spyll.
1609 B. Jonson Case is Alterd i. sig. A2 Gods lid man, seruice is ready to go vp man, you must slip on your coate and come in, we lacke waiters pittyfully. View more context for this quotation
1611 T. Heywood Golden Age ii. sig. D (stage direct.) A banquet brought in, with the limbes of a Man in the seruice.
1700 E. Ward London Spy II. v. 14 A Service of Sweet-meats, which every Gossip carry'd away in her Hankerchief.
1839 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 86 Services of food were then spread before them.
1857 R. H. Stoddard Songs of Summer 157 I'll..spread your service by the door, That when you eat you may behold The knights at play, where the bowls are rolled.
1907 Country Life 19 Oct. 554/2 The word mell..has had assigned to it many meanings:..the old Norse melr, wild corn; the English meal, a service of food; [etc.].
b. That part or division of a meal which is served up at any one time; a course. Formerly also: †a particular dish or kind of food (as something that may be served up) (obsolete). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > [noun] > dish
meateOE
messc1300
servicec1450
dish1526
plate1577
plat1766
meat and potatoes1846
M & V1925
meat and two veg1960
the world > food and drink > food > meal > course > [noun]
sanda700
messc1300
coursec1325
servicec1450
c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 98 The fest was grete and of mony dyuers seruices.
a1550 in R. Dyboski Songs, Carols & Other Misc. Poems (1908) 33 The boris hede, I vnderstond, Ys cheff seruyce in all this londe.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvi. v. 458 Even at this day throughout Spaine, the manner is to serve up acorns and mast to the table for a second service.
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe i. sig. Bv An excellent pickeld Goose, a new seruice.
1715 London Gaz. No. 5336/2 The Entertainments..consist only of one Service.
1812 Lit. Panorama Jan. 726/1 A great dinner is composed of four services.
1879 Sat. Rev. 5 Apr. 429/1 It has become the general practice to give at large dinners a sorbet..between the two services.
1935 Washington Post 27 Oct. 6/6 Wedges of Roquefort will complete a service which is guaranteed to satisfy all the varying cheese tastes of an international party.
2011 M. Krondl Sweet Invention iv. 196 The guests sat down to a table loaded down with the first ‘service’.
c. Usually with of. A quantity of food or drink served to someone; a serving (cf. serving n. 3b(a)). Also in extended use: an administration or application of something. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > action of providing or supplying > instance of
service1632
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 465 From whence carrying a pot full of water..hee did powre it in my bellie..The first and second seruices I gladly receaued, such was the scorching drouth of my tormenting payne.
1700 E. Ward London Spy II. v. 10 The next piece of Lip-Exercise my Part'ner set me, was to make a Regular Service of Kisses round the Room.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1143 In France a small quantity of solution of sulphate of iron is added during the boiling of the soap, or rather with the first service of the lyes.
1921 Amer. Cookery Mar. 600/1 On the peach place a generous service of vanilla ice cream or whipped cream.
1974 Courier-Express (Dubois, Pa.) 4 Sept. 23 (advt.) 100% U.S. government inspected beef, a full slice of tangy cheese, mustard, ketsup, onions and sliced pickle with a generous service of Winkys triple fried Idahos.
30.
a. The action of waiting at table or serving up food or drink; the manner in which this is done.See also the service of the table at Phrases 4b. self-service, silver service, waitress service, etc.: see the first element.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Eccles. ii. 8 I made to me..cuppis & pottis in seruyse [L. in ministerio] to wynes to ben held.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1401 When alle segges were þer set, þen servyse bygynnes.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 22 Thes three knyghtes had the rule of all the servyse that served the kyngis.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xxi. 27 He was..serued with al magnificence..and superfluity of meates.., and this seruice was done..by officers in number.
a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) i. i. 158 You may want, though, A dish or two when the service ends.
1674 T. P. et al. Eng. & French Cook 431 Bills of Fare, as well for great Feasts as ordinary Services through the whole year.
?1760 M. Bradley Brit. Housewife July 721 (heading) Dishes for sea service.
1879 Lancet 6 Sept. 359/2 The food is rendered unpalatable by bad cooking and slovenly service.
1938 H. D. Copp Going Places in N.Y. City 1937–8 47 The service is slow and the waiters fresh but the food is well worth the strain on your disposition.
1980 Antiquaries Jrnl. 60 380 Most vessels are for the service of wine (strainers and jugs).
2017 Sunday Telegram (Worcester, Mass.) (Nexis) 12 Feb. (Entertainment section) 7 The restaurant is known for homemade Italian specialties, generous portions and friendly, attentive service.
b. The serving of a meal to a number of people at the same time at one of a succession of separate sittings, esp. in the restaurant car of a railway train, on a ship, etc. Later also more generally: an occasion when a meal is served in a restaurant (chiefly U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > sitting of meal
dinner service1828
service1891
sitting1894
1891 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. 30 Nov. 1/7 Nothing cheap is ever tolerated upon his boards. Many a waiter has come to sudden grief by allowing a cloth to remain for a second service.
1914 R. Kipling in Nash's Mag. July 484/1 Here is a fragment from the restaurant-car... ‘I will give you the number, sar, at the time—for places at the first service.’
1930 Pella (Iowa) Press 20 Aug. The first dinner service was given last Sunday and there was a very fine menu served.
1932 G. Greene Stamboul Train iii. ii. 140 Late for the last service Dr. Czinner came down the restaurant-car.
2000 Record (Kitchener-Waterloo, Ont.) (Nexis) 9 Dec. (Travel section) j1 The attendants came around to proclaim the first call for dinner. ‘It's not like a restaurant where you come and go as you please,’ one said. ‘We have two services only—the second starting when the first is cleared away.’
2017 Dorking & Leatherhead Advertiser (Nexis) 30 Aug. 3 The eatery..opened at 11am on Tuesday, catering for about 60 people during its first lunch service.
c. An extra charge made for serving customers, esp. in a restaurant; = service charge n. 2. Often without determiner.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for food, board, or service
pension1696
board-bill1833
table money1841
American plan1848
corkage1884
service charge1889
fixed price1907
service1909
cover charge1921
demi-pension1951
rack rate1976
cakeage1985
1909 C. B. Perkins Trav. Grandeurs West to Myst. East 457 Where ‘Service’ is charged on the bill no tip is necessary to any other servant except the head waiter.
1955 E. Fodor Men's Guide to Europe 35 Restaurants [in Switzerland]..usually add the service; if not, give 10 % if the service was only adequate, 15 % if you wish to express satisfaction.
1978 Observer 5 Nov. 39 (advt.) Pheasant Hotel... Single, £10 per day, which includes bed, bath, breakfast and lunch or dinner inclusive of service and VAT.
2013 Times (Nexis) 14 Sept. (Mag.) Laurent Perrier at £18 a glass (with 13 per cent service added, that's a mark-up of around 500 per cent).
31.
a. The items with which a table is set for a meal; (usually) a set of such items, esp. a set of items used for serving a particular meal (often with preceding word specifying the meal), or (less commonly) for serving meals in general.Most commonly used to refer to a set of cups, dishes, plates, and other receptacles; sometimes also to cutlery or table linen.dinner service, tea service, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun]
service1468
plate1545
gold plate1579
table service1664
table plate1669
dinner service1765
tableware1772
dinner set1796
dinnerware1800
dining set1805
serveware1958
foodware1961
sterling1974
1468–9 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 101 (MED) For a servys of Trenchers, iiij d.; for ij salte, xiiij d., [etc.].
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes III. v. ix. 1127 The King..had..his seruice of Gold and Plate very rich, but hee vsed not to be serued with it (they say) because hee would not bee serued twice therewith.
1710 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) VI. 597 A magnificent service of plate, consisting of many large silver dishes, stands, plates, &c.
1788 Ld. Auckland Corr. (1862) III. 67 The service of Sèvres china arrived all safe.
1812 Hampshire Tel. & Sussex Chron. 21 Sept. The Princess Charlotte of Wales..has ordered a service of table linen from the North of Ireland.
1885 Law Times 79 175/1 A service of plate bequeathed by a baronet.
1939 Dublin Rev. Apr. 347 This moving letter..opens with the comparatively unimportant business of thanking its recipient for the service of table linen and the assortment of razors he had sent to the Holy Father.
1986 M. Hughes Blaine's Way (1989) iv. 71 Gramma poured tea into the two willow pattern cups that were all that remained unchipped of a service for twelve.
2008 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 4 Oct. 24 This extensive Ridgway pottery dinner and tea service with 16 plates etc. really is too large.
b. In extended use: a set of serving vessels for an altar, articles for use at a dressing table, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > [noun] > collectively
vesselment1303
servicea1660
sacred1665
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > sets and containers for
dressing box1607
toileta1684
dressing case1778
service1851
toiletry1892
powder bowl1894
vanity bag1907
vanity-box1911
powder compact1920
compact1921
vanity set1930
flapjack1934
minaudière1940
a1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 310 That compleate service of purest Chrystal for the Altar of the Chapell, not so much as the very bell, & cover of a booke, Sprinkler &c but was all of the rock..thus was also wrought the Crucifix, Calic, Vasas, Flowr-pots.
1793 Abstr. Charter, & Proc. Soc. Propagation of Gospel in J. Douglas Serm. preached at Anniv. Meeting 46 Col. William Bayard has given a bell to Wilmot Church; one of his sons..a service of plate, and another..an handsome altar-piece.
1811 J. Q. Adams Diary 14 Nov. in Mem. (1874) II. 326 A toilet service of solid gold.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 368/1 A green and white chamber service all complete, with soap trays and brush trays.
1905 H. C. Davidson Bk. of Home I. 168 Suggestions for bedrooms... With walnut furniture... Carpet in shades of blue;..turquoise-blue tiles in wash-stand. Toilet-service cream with pink flowers.
2000 Washington Post 31 Aug. f16/4 While her husband prays, she sets out the silver communion service.
** Senses relating to the provision of a utility, a commodity, maintenance, etc.
32.
a. The provision or supply of a utility (originally water; later also gas, electricity, telecommunications, etc.) to the public, generally for domestic use; a system or organization for doing this. Also: the apparatus of pipes, wiring, etc., by means of which this is done (frequently in plural; but cf. also sense 32b). See also Compounds 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > providing a service > provision of public utilities
service1748
society > occupation and work > industry > conducting of water, etc., by channels or pipes > plumbing and pipework > [noun] > supply through pipes
service1748
1748 Gen. Advertiser 29 Mar. I hope those Gentlemen, that fall short of their usual Service of Water, will..excuse the Company till the Breaches in the Pipes can be repaired.
1775 J. Whitehurst in B. Franklin Papers (1978) XXI. 524 A branch pipe..for the service of the kitchen offices.
1818 Morning Chron. 12 May If it shall turn out that the rates which the Companies state to have been in existence for nearly a hundred years are not sufficient to remunerate them for their service of water to the Public, I am of opinion that [etc.].
1879 W. Young Town & Country Mansions 41 From one of the cisterns a separate service of pipes should be carried to the water-closets.
1895 Outing 27 254/1 Sinks were constructed, and the city water-service was introduced.
1955 Financial Times 28 Sept. 10/1 (advt.) Frenger is a prefabricated ceiling..it can conceal a multitude of ugly pipes, wires and ducts for services yet leave them completely accessible.
1975 M. Duffy Capital ii. 83 He was from one of the services: gas, water or electricity.
2005 Times 1 Feb. 14/6 These [measures] include raising living space and services, such as electrical wiring above flood levels.
b. A pipe used to supply gas or water from a main to individual users; a service pipe (see Compounds 1b).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > other types of pipe
swan-pen1426
service pipe1718
standpipe1728
service1786
jet pipe1795
safety tube1803
gas pipe1807
outlet pipe1837
pipette1839
downpipe1846
nipple1863
downcomer1868
downcome1872
wyea1877
benda1884
Y brancha1884
gas line1887
sparge pipe1910
riser1962
marine riser1972
1786 Act for Improvem. City of Dublin xciv. 172 Whenever the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, Commons and Citizens of Dublin..shall find it necessary..to lay new Mains or Services in any Square.., they shall..apply to the said Directors.
1865 S. Hughes Gas-works (ed. 2) 233 The pipes which convey gas or water through the different streets are called main pipes or mains; and the small pipes which convey the fluid therefrom to the houses are called services.
1913 Pacific Service Mag. July 52/2 The smallest service now installed to insure an ample and uninterrupted supply of gas is 1¼ inches in diameter.
2006 Times (Nexis) 13 Apr. (Times2 section) 5 We have..exposed eight pipes. We believe six are redundant gas and water services.
33. The payment of interest on a debt; (more generally) the making of any necessary payment in regard to a loan, mortgage, etc. (cf. service v. 3b). Also: the interest paid or due on a debt or loan.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > payment of debt > [noun]
satisfaction1398
acquittance?a1400
amortizement1439
financec1460
discharge1534
clearing1579
settlement1729
discharging1735
settling1761
liquidation1786
extinguishment1796
amortization1810
service1817
amortizing1840
extinction1845
clearance1858
pay-off1864
admortization1903
society > trade and finance > payment > payment of debt > [noun] > payment of interest on debt
service1817
servicing1930
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > moneylending at interest > interest
gavela700
usure1338
usuryc1450
interess1529
interest1545
fenory1572
usance1584
use1595
advantage1600
excess1600
interest-money1618
premium1669
service1817
usage1822
vigorish1935
1817 Morning Chron. 15 Aug. All the surplus of the sums appointed for the service of the debts.
1888 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 6 Apr. 560/2 M. de Lesseps gave an estimate of the total cost of the canal, showing a surplus of about £2,240,000, amply sufficient to pay the service of the loan.
1931 Times Trade & Engin. Suppl. 24 Jan. 430/2 The service of Government bonds held by the company..has been promptly paid.
1982 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 3 Dec. 22 Just the service of the debt taxes Brazilian resources.
2002 Jrnl. Transport Econ. & Policy 36 360 The concessionaire charges prices..generating sufficient cash flows to pay the service of the debt.
34.
a. The meeting of a public need such as health or communications through the organized provision of labour, equipment, etc.; (as count noun) a system for doing this. health service: see health n. Compounds 4. Cf. public service n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > providing a service > provision of public services
service1829
1829 Caledonian Mercury 28 Sept. It has been a rule of the mail coach service from its commencement, that no partner in a contract should join another company on the same road.
1853 J. W. Papworth & W. Papworth Museums, Libraries, & Picture Galleries 15 Regulations as to admission into public museums..the porter not to allow the entrance of any person out of the hours of public service.
1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) 320 St. Bartholomew's Hospital..has a service of 710 beds.
1904 G. B. Shaw Common Sense Munic. Trading (1908) vi. 48 There is, however, one very important difference between a telegraph and a telephone service.
1947 Libr. Assoc. Rec. Sept. 224 (title) A gramophone record library service.
2017 New Scientist 27 May 4/2 Rubbish collection services have ceased and sewage pipes have been ruptured by air strikes.
b. The provision of public transport over a specified route on a regular basis; (as count noun) an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > by vehicles regularly plying on a route
service1833
1833 Morning Post 11 Sept. A complete and regular service is already organised between Strasburgh and Rotterdam, and from the latter place there are steam-boats set out almost daily.
1838 Niles' Weekly Reg. 15 Apr. 102/1 The department has now advertised for express service from Washington, D. C. to St. Louis, Mo.
1885 Law Times 80 111/1 The right of the railway company to suspend the ordinary service of trains on occasions of great and exceptional pressure.
1904 G. B. Shaw Common Sense Munic. Trading (1908) v. 40 London is at present helplessly at the mercy of a cab service which [etc.].
1956 Town Planning Rev. 26 217 Inter-town services supplement and compete with the railways.
2017 Dorset Echo (Nexis) 13 Nov. One train will run as a fast service to London, missing out smaller stations... The second train will be a stopping service, running to Portsmouth.
c. The broadcasting of programmes by a particular station, esp. on a particular frequency or via a particular channel.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > broadcasting service > [noun]
field post1864
outlet1917
service1920
programme service1929
1920 Times 20 Aug. 7/3 (headline) Hourly weather forecasts. New aviation wireless service.
1927 B.B.C. Handbk. 1928 32 Broadcasting Service. By ‘service’ is meant providing this public..with at least one programme a day.
1949 Radio Times 15 July 9/1 Variety Fanfare returns to the air... Bowker Andrews first introduced this show in the North of England Home Service.
1977 Church Times 9 Dec. 8/3 Now that the 7.30 half-hour on Radio Four has been taken over for other things, there is a gap from 10.15 a.m. until 11 p.m. on Sunday on this service without a word being said about religion.
2001 Australian (Nexis) 23 Nov. 5 Told by management on Wednesday that their local service would end, the 12 journalists and camera crew had to report their own demise in the last local bulletin that night.
35. In plural. Economic activities, such as banking or tourism, that supply the needs of consumers but are not concerned with the production or manufacture of tangible goods; the sector of a country's economy consisting of these activities, the service sector (see Compounds 1f).
ΚΠ
1888 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 51 716 The fall of prices might be the measure of the increase of the return to the industry of the community, assuming that the labour employed in services improves generally as does the labour employed in the production of commodities.
1936 Discovery Nov. 355/2 The distinction between capital goods and current goods is, of course, one of the most important in the whole of economics, but the remarkable growth in the number of those engaged in ‘services’, now estimated at 40 per cent. of the working population, is not so generally realised.
1972 Accountant 17 Aug. 211/2 Manufacturing costs are of diminishing importance in an economy in which services are a major part of the whole.
2015 Amer. Econ. Jrnl 7 104 As economies develop, agriculture shrinks, manufacturing first grows and then shrinks, and services grow.
36. An act of carrying out work or rendering assistance of a particular kind for a customer, client, etc., but which is not (primarily) concerned with the manufacture of a commodity or the sale of goods; (esp.) an arrangement to do this as something offered on a commercial basis.This may be a development of sense 22b, in which case it may belong in branch IV.; but cf. also sense 35.
ΚΠ
1909 Amer. Blacksmith Aug. 259/2 The Editor said: ‘Our subscriber's service is simply a service offered to our readers to enable them to get all there is in the paper.’
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 101/1 (advt.) Touch wintry rooms with color, gaiety, by dressing them in new spring fabrics! Let Singer show you how—through its new Home-Decoration Service now offered at your Singer Sewing Center.
1949 New Yorker 5 Mar. 24/3 Baby-sitting having become firmly established, it was only a question of time before somebody offered to provide a similar service for dogs.
1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 19 Oct. 10/2 The report recommends that schools consider expelling racist pupils and that they should provide a counselling service for the victims.
2015 Investors Chron. 2 Apr. 34/3 Hargreaves Lansdown offers a similar family-linking service with its Vantage set of accounts.
37.
a. The provision of the necessary installation, maintenance, or repair work to ensure the efficient running of a machine (esp. a motor vehicle), a piece of equipment, etc., typically carried out by or on behalf of the manufacturer or dealer from whom it has been acquired by a customer; (sometimes more generally) expert advice or assistance given by a manufacturer or dealer to a customer in regard to goods which he or she has acquired.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [noun] > provision of repair work
service1910
1910 Boston Sunday Post 6 Nov. 21/2 Ford service for Ford owners is as extensive as the company's sale organization which covers the world.
1931 B. Brown Talking Pictures viii. 190 In the early days when operators were quite new to the work there is no doubt that it was service that kept the shows running.
1955 Sarasota (Florida) Herald-Tribune 4 Nov. 10/7 (advt.) Jalousie windows require periodic service and repair.
1977 Western Morning News 30 Aug. 10/4 (advt.) Backed by our largest combine stores and skilled after-sales service.
2002 Toronto Star 12 Dec. d14 (advt.) The successful candidate will possess..five years experience in the design, manufacture or high-level service of motor graders or similar equipment.
b. As a count noun: a (typically periodic) routine operation of inspection and maintenance, esp. one performed on a motor vehicle. Cf. earlier service check n. at Compounds 2.rare in North American usage.
ΚΠ
1963 Commerc. Motor 1 Mar. 63/1 Every depot is visited by one of these crews every fortnight and the service engineer carries out a full service of the electrical equipment on a third of the vehicles.
1974 ‘J. le Carré’ Tinker, Tailor xx. 168 Take your car in for a service at your local garage.
2014 Western Gaz. (Nexis) 22 May 34 Most modern cars only need one service a year, but many older vehicles require a service every six months.
38. In plural. British. An area beside a motorway or other major road where petrol, refreshments, and other amenities are supplied to motorists; a service area. Also: the buildings where these amenities are available.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > parts of road > [noun] > (provision of) service area
service area1950
services1967
1959 Financial Times 26 Sept. 7/6 Blue Star Garages and Fortes and Co. are joining in providing the Newport Pagnell ‘service area’ on the Birmingham motorway. For this purpose, Motorway Services has been formed with a capital of £1,000.]
1967 Autocar 28 Dec. 6/2 It was a relief to see the ‘Services 1 mile’ sign.
1975 C. Storr Chinese Egg xxix. 193 She was passing the Heston Services, she'd be at the Henley exit in another quarter of an hour.
2017 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 25 Oct. 6 Reading westbound services on the M4 was named England's top motorway services and Rivington Services northbound, on the M61, came second.
VI. Senses corresponding to various technical uses of serve v.1
39. Law.
a. The action or (occasionally) an act of formally serving a writ, summons, subpoena, etc., upon a person. Cf. serve v.1 49c.to accept service: see accept v. 3e.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > serving of writ
liverya1325
service1426
serving1465
personal service1582
1426–7 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 10 Þe seyd William..was..occupied abowte þe dwe seruice of wryttes of diem clausit extremum aftyr þe deth of þe seyd lady.
1656 Act for Better Observ. of Lord's-Day (1657) 7 The service of every such Writ, Action, Process, Warrant, Order, Iudgement or Decree shalbe void to all intents and purposes whatsoever.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 443 If the defendant, on service of the subpoena, does not appear..he is then said to be in contempt.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxx. 317 ‘Beg your pardon, Mr. Pickwick,’ said Jackson...‘But personal service, by clerk or agent, in these cases, you know, Mr. Pickwick—eh, Sir?’
1863 J. S. Le Fanu House by Church-yard III. 7 I'll permit the services of the notices.
1972 Times 11 Feb. 16/4 Lord Justice Salmon..held that service of the writ..was undoubtedly regular.
2012 Business Lawyer 68 68 The lawyer..offered to have his client evade service of a subpoena or testify falsely in exchange for remuneration for his client.
b. Scots Law. The procedure for transmitting heritable property to an heir. Now historical. general service n. a procedure used to determine generally who is heir to another person. special service n. a procedure used to determine the heir to a specific estate.The procedure was rendered obsolete by the Succession (Scotland) Act of 1964.
ΚΠ
1583 Burntisland Burgh Court (Edinb. Reg. House) 27 Feb. in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) And producit ane breiff of serwice direct fourth off the chapell off the regalitie of Dumfermlinge to the prowest and bailleis off this burght..tuicheinge the serwinge of him as narrest and lawfull air to..his fathir and to all his landis.
1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) iii. v. 467 The general Service is a compleat establishing of the Right in the Person of the Heir.
1752 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. II. 333 There is no mention in the brieve or service of the Valued rent.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xix. 353 [We have] got our youngster's special service retoured into chancery.
1921 Scotsman 3 June 3/7 The Sheriff of Chancery pronounced decree of special service in favour of the petitioners on 27th May 1916.
2012 J. Finlay Community Coll. of Justice viii. 236 The College of Justice contained four macers who carried out varied duties which included..presiding over the service of heirs as sheriffs in hac parte.
40.
a. In racket sports (esp. tennis), volleyball, and other games played over a net or against a wall: the action or an act of hitting the ball or shuttlecock to start play for each point or rally (cf. serve v.1 51d, 51c); a particular player's manner of doing this.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun] > types of play or stroke
chasec1440
loss1591
volley1596
bandy1598
back-racket1608
service1611
force1662
serve1688
serving1688
Renshaw smash1881
pass1888
railroad service1890
kicker1936
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > types of stroke
service1611
serving1688
screw1865
cut1874
cutting service1874
boast1878
first serve1878
smash1882
twister1884
cross-shot1889
lob1890
ground stroke1895
lob ball1900
twist service1901
boasting1902
cross-volley1905
get1911
chop1913
forehander1922
kick serve1925
forehand1934
touch shot1936
dink1939
net shot1961
overhead1964
groundie1967
slice1969
moonball1975
moonballing1977
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Grebonde, a seruice at Tennice, wherein the ball runs not along on the house, but bounds on the side thereof.
a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 32 They require a good Speaker and a good Hearer with mutual Diligence, as a Game at Tennis is well play'd,..When the Stroke is serv'd well, and the Service taken well.
1775 ‘Connoisseur’ Ann. Gaming iii. 50 When the player gives his service..his adversary is supposed to return the ball, wherever it falls after the first rebound, untouched.
1819 Examiner 7 Feb. in Hazlitt's Table-talk (1821) ix. 203, 204 His service was tremendous. He once..made seven and twenty aces following by services alone.
1885 Times of India 21 May 4/5 It was greatly owing to her steady service that she and her partner won the [badminton] match.
1916 N.Y. Times 21 July 7/3 Church took the next four games, two of them against the Coast player's service.
1967 Financial Times 29 June 24/2 Taylor swept into the third round with eye-opening power tennis. His left-handed service is perhaps the most formidable in the championships.
2015 Hobart (Austral.) Mercury (Nexis) 17 Sept. 14 He was moving in on his opponent's second service, half-volleying it back and moving in to the net behind his shot.
b. The period in which a particular player or team has the right to serve; a game or period of play in which a particular player or team is serving; = serve n.3 1b.
ΚΠ
1903 Manch. Guardian 29 June 3/6 Three times Riseley..was within a stroke of the set and rubber during his service.
1985 Brownsville (Texas) Herald 15 Apr. 1 b/2 In the second set, Lendl was serving so perfectly that he lost only two points during his service.
2010 Roscommon (Ireland) Herald (Nexis) 16 Mar. It wasn't until the Dungarvan captain began her service that the scores levelled off again. She played a crucial role as Elphin were caught off guard by her flurry of serves.
41. Nautical. A binding of thin cord or similar material wound around a piece of rope, cable, etc., to prevent chafing, rotting, or unravelling; cord, etc., used for this purpose. Cf. serve v.1 53, serving n. 8b.Earliest attested in long service n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > protection against chafing of or by rope
plat1620
puddinga1625
servinga1625
service1662
rounding1672
parcelling1750
bolster1769
plait1799
Scotchman1832
1662 T. Allin Jrnl. 15 Feb. (1939) (modernized text) I. 71 We..got aboard our small bower by veering out to the long service of our best bower.
1729 W. Wriglesworth MS Log-bk. of ‘Lyell’ 24 Nov. Veered out the best bower Cable on the Flood, and claped on the moaring Service.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 318 The cables..armed with the chains..were cackled..seven fathom from the service.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast iii. 21 This chafing gear consists of worming,..battens, and service of all kinds.
1944 C. W. Ashley Ashley Bk. Knots (1993) xl. 539 Worming, parceling and service in standing rigging are always put on with materials well soaked in rigging tar.
1991 P. O'Brian Nutmeg of Consol. (1993) vii. 195 I saw a length of one of her shrouds, when the worming and service were taken off, perfectly sound too.
42. The action, by a male (usually domesticated) animal, of copulating with a female; an instance or occasion of this. Cf. serve v.1 19a.In quot. 1696 in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [noun] > copulation > covering
covering1552
leap1607
supersaliency1646
service1696
insult1697
skip1844
1696 T. Scott Mock-marriage iv. i. 42 Where's your fine trusty Squire, has he perform'd well to night, and cool'd your wanton Blood, or only stirr'd it, inflam'd it more, and rais'd your appetite; that's able to out-last the lusty service of a fat pamper'd Stallion?
1822 M. McSwiney Let. 6 Jan. (1972) II. 348 This debt I understand was due for the service of a bull.
1885 Bazaar, Exchange & Mart 30 Mar. 1260/3 With each pup a written guarantee of a service from a pedigree St. Bernard dog will be given.
1995 Austral. Financial Rev. 18 Aug. (Weekend Review section) 6 The stud where the stallion stands is entitled to around 10 services for the stud's own mares.

Phrases

P1. Phrases in which service is preceded by a preposition.
a.
(a) at (a person's) service.
(i) Ready to obey or carry out a person's commands or wishes. Formerly occasionally also †at service.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > at one's service or ready to serve [phrase]
at a person's handa1382
at the hand ofa1382
at a person's retinuec1400
to (also at) (a person's) retenance?a1430
at (a person's) servicec1485
at hand unto1613
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Knychthede (1993) ii. 11 Thai ordanyt him a squier and a varlet page—tobe euer contynualy at his bidding and seruice.
1578 W. Darell Short Disc. Life Seruingmen sig. E.ivv You haue bene sometimes a Gentlewoman vnder obedience, though nowe you haue others at seruice and commandement.
1633 J. Shirley Wittie Faire One i. sig. B2v But you did motion cards, Ile chuse my partner And for a set or two I'me at your seruice.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 269. ¶5 The Knight told me..his Chaplain was very well, and much at my Seruice.
1827 G. Boswell Maria of Mountain 27 Let your ladyship only say the word that I should be one of your attendants, or servants, or guides, or what you please to call me, and I am at your service at a moment's warning.
1905 R. Bagot Passport xxxv. 408 ‘Ask me anything,’ Silvio replied. ‘I am entirely at your service.’
2001 A. Gurnah By the Sea (2002) iv. 108 For all I know she may have been one of two or three or perhaps more women at his service.
(ii) at your service: used as a polite deferential formula in greeting or valediction, (formerly) at the end of a letter, etc. Cf. servant n. Phrases 2. Now somewhat archaic. [In origin effectively a shortened form of ‘I am at your service’; in later use sometimes preceded by the name of the speaker, as a formal expression of the speaker's obligation. Partly also after Middle French, French à vostre service (late 16th cent. or earlier; now à votre service).] In quot. 1554 the phrase to do you service is used in conjunction with yours (see yours pron. 4) to form a similar formula with which to end a letter.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > at one's service or ready to serve [phrase] > as phrase of politeness
to command (to be commanded)1560
at your service1592
1554 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. III. 315 Youres to do yow service, as I am most bounden, duering lief Frauncis Yaxley.]
1592 G. Delamothe French Alphabeth 12 Good morrow sir, How do you? At your seruice, and at your commaundement. [Fr. parallel text: A vostre seruice, & moy a vostre commandement.]
1593 A. Chute in G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation sig. Gg2 And so in hast recommending you to your better studies, I rest at your seruice. Sir, An: Ch.
1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. xxiv. sig. N3 At your seruice, hath beene so conuersant, as one asking, what's a Clock?
1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden i. i. sig. Bv Touch. Oh you are most friendly welcome Mr. Gilbert Goldwire, and Mr. Walter Chamlet I take yee to be. Ambo. The same sir at your service.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 164 My name is Matthew Bramble, at your service.
1891 G. Schumm tr. L. Tolstoy Fruits of Culture iii. v. 119 Leonid Fedorovitch. Tell Fedor, please, that he is to prepare everything for the séance, and call Semion here... Gregori. At your service! (Exit.)
1937 J. R. R. Tolkien Hobbit i. 17 He hung his hooded cloak on the nearest peg, and ‘Dwalin at your service!’ he said with a low bow.
2014 T. McCulloch Stillman 43 ‘Are you Mr Drever?’.. ‘At your service,’ I said, standing up.
(iii) Of a thing: at a person's disposal; ready or available to be used, spent, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > in use [phrase] > at one's disposal
command1560
at command1584
at (a person's) service1595
1595 E. Hoby tr. L.-V. de La Popelinière Hist. France iv. 244 And the fouth estate [graunted vnto the King] two Millions of Golde, declaring further vnto him, that if that woulde not suffice to..compell the enemie to harken to some good peace, they would expose al that remayned of their goods and persons at his seruice [Fr. pour son seruice].
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. v. 9 Gastly lookes Are at my seruice like inforced smiles.
1683 W. Hedges Diary 30 Oct. (1887) I. 132 I told him the last time he was here..I promised him a Persian Horse; I had now one at his Service, which he accepted with some ceremony.
1707 C. Cibber Lady's Last Stake i. 1 Well, the Chariot is at her Service.
1798 Hull Advertiser 9 June 2/2 The Exchange and W. Bell's pulpit are at the service of every broker and auctioneer.
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 385 My means, which are certainly ample, are at your service.
1955 Times 9 June 8/3 The Cunard company put the main restaurant at his service.
2008 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 10 Dec. (Travel section) r8 In Miami, the newly opened five-star Regent Bal Harbour [hotel] has a Mercedes sedan at your service.
(b) at service: engaged or employed as a servant (usually a domestic servant); = in service at Phrases 1b(a)(i). Chiefly Scottish in later use; now rare except as in out at service.
ΚΠ
1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. Fv Whether the same Childe be..in the Howse, or at Nurse; at Service, or els dead.
1822 J. Wilson Lights & Shadows Sc. Life 110 Their only daughter..was at service with a farmer over the hills.
1861 Kingston's Mag. for Boys 2 26 [They] knew..how many children there were in each family, and asked after those who were absent, some at service, and some apprentices, and some in the army or at sea.
1933 Scotsman 24 Mar. 6/2 On ‘Mothering Sunday’..the lads from the outlying farms and the girls at service in the towns went home to visit their mothers.
(c) out at service: living away from one's regular residence as a domestic servant. Frequently in to place out at service. Now chiefly historical.
ΚΠ
a1701 A. Bonifield Treacherous taken in Treachery 32 The Daughter being abroad, or out at Service, and her Master and Mistress intending for her discharge and turning home, she did thereupon fall a Crying.
1740 Rep. Gen. Comm. (Foundling Hospital) i. 9 As soon as they attain proper Ages, the Boys shall be put out to Husbandry..; and the Girls be..placed out at Service.
1825 Christian Gleaner Feb. 37 Some young women who have been out at service as long as she had, and taken higher wages, have got neither money nor clothes.
1873 Irish Times & Daily Advertiser 20 Feb. 6/3 Two orphans were adopted.., 15 were placed out at service, and were giving the greatest satisfaction in their respective situations.
1989 P. C. Holloran Boston's Wayward Children ii. 71 Because the annual reports of St. Vincent's Asylum are missing or not consistent, it is not possible to determine exactly how many girls were adopted or placed out at service.
b.
(a) in service.
(i) Engaged or employed as a servant, esp. a domestic servant. In early use also: so as to be so engaged or employed.In the 19th and early 20th centuries chiefly with reference to domestic service.
[Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French en service (early 14th cent. or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > in or into service [phrase]
in servicec1300
of (a person's) retinuea1393
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1439 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 147 With luytel folk and luytel aise þare he dude bi-leue..his men he broȝte In seruise heore mete to wynne þere.
c1330 Horn Child l. 644 in J. Hall King Horn (1901) 186 Icham comen to fand, For to win gold & fe, In seruise wiþ ȝour king to be.
1486 J. Mirk's Liber Festiuall (Rood & Hunte) sig. i.ij/2 This childe was takyn with enemys and ladde in to anothir straynge countre & there he was in seruice in the kynges courte.
1544 Act 35 Henry VIII c. 1 §8 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 957 Persons..that shall have anye Office..or shalbe receyved in service withe his Grace.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 287 Caliban Whom now I keepe in seruice . View more context for this quotation
1732 H. Baker & J. Miller tr. Molière Blunderer iv. i. 133 in Sel. Comedies III I wou'd place in his Hands..some small Matter my Father had left me, and what I had got in Service.
1810 B. Silliman Jrnl. Trav. II. lxxx. 299 Even now, in winter, some of the female servants in Edinburgh walk about the streets..without shoes or stockings; in London I never saw girls in service so destitute.
1938 ‘N. Shute’ Kindling (1964) i. 14 I've been in service nearly forty years, ever since I was a little nipper in the stables.
2014 Acadiensis 43 88 Interviews with 21 former domestics..provide a more intimate portrait of girls in service in the interwar period.
(ii) Engaged in (esp. active) military service; serving in the armed forces.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military service > [adjective] > serving as soldier
serving1569
in service1591
militarya1616
1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 169 Although he neuer saw the enimy in the face, yet he may be rather accounted a trained souldier, then he which hath bene 20. yeares in seruice, and in 20. battailes, if this skil be wanting in him.
1646 Perfect Diurnall No. 147 1177 To require all Officers and Souldiers..to forbeare to have any dealing..with any person whatsoever formerly in service against the Parliament of England.
1799 J. McHenry Let. 3 Sept. in G. Washington Papers (1999) Retirement Ser. IV. 282 A return..exhibiting the names..of the field officers who were in service to the termination of the late war.
1855 Life of Sam Houston xliii. 377 Five hundred of the best cavalry now in service.
1947 G. E. Govan & J. W. Livingood Univ. of Chatanooga xvii. 170 There were 485 stars on the flag for men in service.
2004 M. Oke Times of our Lives 149 The Home Guard undertook dangerous work like bomb disposal and manning ack-ack guns—indeed, over 1,200 died in service.
(iii) Feudal Law. Used to refer to land held of another in return for service (sense 10a); generally contrasted with in demesne (see demesne n. 1a). Chiefly in to hold in service [after Anglo-Norman tenir en service (late 13th cent. or earlier) and post-classical Latin tenere in servitio (14th cent. in British sources)] : to hold (land) of another in this way; (also) to hold (land) which is occupied by a subtenant. Now rare (historical in later use).
ΚΠ
1642 Iust Reward of Rebels sig. Bv That no Acres of Land held in service or bondage, should bee held but for foure pence the Acre.
1660 W. Somner Treat. Gavelkind 109 Fees..were holden but in service, nomine quasi alieno, the Dominium, that at least of Lawyers called directum.
1883 T. Twiss tr. H. de Bracton De Legibus Angliæ VI. xxvii. 417 The tenant cannot lose that in demesne, which he only holds in service.
1897 F. W. Maitland Domesday Bk. & Beyond 256 What then the folk owns..is not (if we may introduce such feudal terms) ‘land in demesne’ but ‘land in service’, in other words, a superiority or seignory over land.
2008 M. P. Cosman & L. G. Jones Handbk. Life Medieval World I. ii. 116/1 In England a demesne was land held in possession for one's own use, belonging to oneself, tenere in domineo, lands possessed by free tenure, as opposed to lands held in service, tenere in servitio.
(iv) Of a device, facility, system, etc.: in or available for use; spec. (of a telephone line or number) still in use, connected. Also in negative constructions, as not (also no longer) in service and variants: no longer in use or available; disconnected, discontinued, etc. Cf. out of service at Phrases 1d.
ΚΠ
1912 Times 20 Apr. 24/1 The first automobile fire truck will soon be in service.
1915 Public Service Mag. (Chicago) June 185/2 (heading) Payment of rental when telephone is not in service.
1936 Air Stories Dec. 544/1 The R.A.F.'s latest fighter-bomber is as fast as any fighter yet in service.
1983 Bond Buyer (Nexis) 22 Mar. The rail system would have Japanese-built ‘bullet trains’... Similar trains have been in service in Japan since 1964.
2005 M. O'Connor Bitch Posse xiv. 118 Sorry that number is no longer in service.
2014 R. Peters D.A. Diary 302 The bus driver said..he was going straight to Slough and the bus was not in service.
(b) in the service of: for the use or benefit of (something); so as to be of use or assistance to (something); in order to achieve or further (a specified goal). Cf. in aid of at aid n. Phrases 3.
ΚΠ
1695 R. Ferguson Whether Parl. be not in Law Dissolved 21 This Intruder into the Throne hates both Country and People, and only useth us in the Service of his own ambitious Ends.
1756 T. Hale et al. Compl. Body Husbandry xii. vii. 631/2 The Quantity [of Water] it will raise is sufficient for all possible Purposes in the Service of the largest Farm.
1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 59 These barrels are employed in the service of batteries, and have leather covers drawing together like the mouth of a bag.
1899 Daily News 18 July 5/1 Every method has been placed in the service of the picture post-card industry.
a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiii. 246 Insects have..three pairs of appendages in the service of the mouth, namely the mandibles, the first maxillae, and the second maxillae.
1985 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 2 Nov. i. 50/1 It is indeed problematic how the white king can gain entry to the enemy position, while both the white knights are immobilized in the service of defending pawns.
2013 Kindred Spirit Mar. 75/1 Mandala art has been used throughout the world as a process of self-expression, in the service of personal growth and spiritual transformation.
c. of service: (in predicative use) of use or assistance, useful, helpful (to someone or something). Also with modifying word, as of any service, of much service, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > [adjective]
bricheeOE
behovelyc950
bihevec975
nutOE
behovingc1175
behovesomec1330
noteful1372
helpfulc1384
serviceablea1393
nait?a1425
meet?a1439
steadable1467
opportunea1475
utile?1483
of service1559
good1577
deservient1578
steadful1585
useful1596
servient1606
handy1616
utible1623
utilious1652
lucky1703
functional1808
utility1895
eufunctional1963
1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale iv. i. f. 51 Euen those partes [of the body], that bee of least seruice [L. nullius existimationis], nature hath prouided to profite.
1621 T. Matthew tr. F. Arias Iudge xx. 222 All Marchants and Factors, and all the Maryners & conductors who are of seruice to them in their negotiations.
1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 24 Whether such Anti-musick as this might not be of Service in a Camp, I shall leave to the Military Men to consider.
1713 H. Felton Diss. Reading Classics 4 If I am of any Service to Your Lordship.
1759 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful (ed. 2) Pref. p. ix In this pursuit whether we take or whether we lose our game, the chace is certainly of service.
1838 Educ. Mag. Mar. 121 Works of this nature should really be of service to the teacher.
1867 S. W. Baker Nile Tributaries Abyssinia viii. 196 The long tails of the giraffes..would be of little service against..the seroot.
1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. vii. 133 This division, introduced by Meyer, is of service to biochemists and it may usefully be followed in histochemistry.
2011 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) (Nexis) 27 Mar. c13 There are many ways a buyer's agent can be of service in the purchase of a home.
d. out of service: (of a device, facility, system, etc.) not available for use, not operational.
ΚΠ
1901 Ann. Rep. Depts. Govt. City of Cleveland (Ohio) 311 This machine..has been used considerably while the other machines were out of service, and during the times when the demand for water was heavy.
1977 Daily Tel. 2 June 19/7 It is a 1959 Bedford tender, which used to be manned by six Rotherham firemen until it went out of service last year.
2010 Caribbean Update Mar. 3/2 Some phone systems were temporarily out of service but the quake had not caused major disruption, residents said.
P2. Phrases in which service is the object of a verb.
a. to do service.
(a) Of a thing: to function or be effective (in a particular capacity as indicated by the context). Usually with preceding modifying adjective, as to do good service, etc. Cf. serve v.1 21.
ΚΠ
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlixv The churle hempe..is nat so good as the femell hempe, but yet it woll do gode seruice.
1604 N. F. Fruiterers Secrets 10 If they bee gathered afore, they will shrinke, wither, and eate tough, and doe no seruice.
1760 J. Eliot Ess. Field-husbandry in New-Eng. ii. 43 She and others..found it did great Service, by setting the colour deeper and lengthening out the Indigo.
1882 J. A. Froude in Longman's Mag. 1 205 I passed the rod to X——, in whose hands it did better service.
1901 R. Anderson Hist. Kilsyth vii. 65 The old ‘tinkler’ which..had done service in the belfry of the disused church.
2006 Peak District Life Spring 77/3 The Compton organ..did sterling service for many years in Derby's East Street Regal Cinema.
(b) to do service as: to function as (something), esp. as a makeshift or substitute. Cf. sense serve v.1 25a and also to do duty at duty n. 5f.
ΚΠ
1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott III. iii. 71 Every huckaback towel in the place had been pressed to do service as a napkin.
1874 Scotsman 3 Sept. 3/5 Their dwelling-houses..have a hole in the roof which does service as a chimney.
1919 Outing Mar. 337/2 When you are in camp and the kit is unrolled, the handle can be hung on some convenient peg and the outfit spread out does service as a bureau and clothes closet.
2004 S. Parker Urban Theory & Urban Experience viii. 146 The curtilage of a concert hall that does service as a skate park.
b. services rendered: actions carried out for the benefit of a person or organization.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun] > action of benefiting > beneficial action
service?c1225
services rendered1656
1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age ii. xvi. 281 Is this the recompence (said they every where) of so many services rendred?
1702 T. Brown Select Epist. Cicero 235 In case of Services rendred, the Workman ought to be paid, and not the Master that employs him.
1836 C. Dickens Village Coquettes ii. i. 44 If..I could manage to curry-favour with Norton, and procure some handsome present in return for services rendered..I might keep my head above water yet.
1916 Times 24 July 9/4 The King has approved the issue of a silver badge to..men..who on account of age or..wounds or sickness caused by military service have..been discharged from the Army... The badge is in the form of a circle... The circle bears the words ‘For King and Empire—Services rendered’, and circumscribes the Imperial cipher.
1976 W. H. Canaway Willow-pattern War xviii. 189 As a quid pro quo for services rendered in another context, the Americans made their information available to Bonn.
2000 A. Bourdain Kitchen Confid. (2001) 145 His old buddies in New York..set him up with this restaurant..as a sign of gratitude for services rendered.
c. to see service.
(a) Of a member of the armed forces: to participate directly in military operations; esp. to gain experience of warfare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military service > serve as a soldier [verb (intransitive)] > see active service
to see service1579
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > be in use or called into use [verb (intransitive)] > have been used
to see servicea1616
1579 T. Churchyard Gen. Rehearsall Warres sig. G.iiij Many at home, that neuer saw seruice abrode, sittyng on soft cushons..doeth descant of euery mans doyng.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. ii. 14 Our Gentlemen that meane to see The Tuscan seruice . View more context for this quotation
1778 T. Townshend in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) III. 304 He has an ardent desire to see service.
1838 J. S. Mill Diss. & Disc. (1859) I. 298 Fourteen years a soldier without seeing any service.
1918 Washington Post 14 June 6/6 An Italian aviator who has seen service on the Austrian front and on the western front in France.
2016 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 13 Nov. The three ex-Royal Marines..saw service together in Afghanistan.
(b) In extended use: (of a thing) to be put to use (in early use esp. in a military context). Often in the perfect tense (without contextual indication of purpose, mode of use, etc.): spec. to have been much used, worn, etc.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iii. 68 If this bee a horsemans Coate, it hath seene very hot seruice . View more context for this quotation
1640 H. Glapthorne Hollander iv. sig. Hv Here sir, receive this Military Cassocke, 't has seene service.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. ix. 301 There, take it [sc. a blunderbuss]—it has seen service, though it could do little in defending the castle.
1819 Times 27 Dec. An old musket, which is said to have seen service in the rebellion of 1745.
1827 W. Scott Chron. Canongate iii My face has seen service, but there is still a good set of teeth [etc.].
1900 Illustr. London News 1 Sept. 295/1 A rug that has seen service beyond the boundaries of Europe will serve to defy the chill hours that precede the dawn.
2002 Times 14 Aug. 32/2 I ate in a wondrously obsolete restaurant where the carpet had seen service for generations.
d. to take service: (originally) to enlist under a military commander, to join a fighting force; (later also more generally) to engage to serve a particular person, in a particular organization, etc. Frequently as to take service with.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > enlistment or recruitment > enlist soldiers [verb (intransitive)] > enlist as a soldier
to take wages1338
shoulder1594
to take service1634
list1643
to take the shilling1707
enlist1776
to shoulder walnut1838
join1844
to join up1916
attest1917
1634 N. C. German Hist. Continued v. 4 The garrison..of their owne accord tooke service under the Princes, the Commanders onely and the Officers excepted.
1693 E. D'Auvergne Hist. Last Campagne Spanish Netherlands 102 Not six either English or Scots took Service with the Enemy, and of those few 'tis to be presum'd, that they were such who would of themselves have deserted to the Enemy on the first opportunity.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 83 The People who were willing to take Service with us, and enter themselves on Board.
1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest II. xiii. 279 Recollect, that whatever general you take service under, you will follow him.
1877 All Year Round 5 May 222/2 After his flight, he first took service with a deacon.
1990 Sunday Times (Nexis) 22 Apr. At the age of 20, he took service as a shepherd.
2009 Historia 43 300 Compare how in the 1030s AD Haraldr Sigurðarsson..took service under the emperor Michael IV Katallakos.
P3. Noun phrases with of.
†a.
man of service n. Obsolete a soldier who has seen long service.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > veteran soldier
veteran?1504
man of service1553
campaigner1771
old moustache1828
warhorse1836
vet1848
Old Bill1915
old sweat1919
retread1941
grognard1959
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. vii. f. 125v They cried all to the kyng with one voyce, yt he woulde spare innocentes, and men of seruice [L. fortibus viris].
1686 T. Otway tr. S. de Broë Hist. Triumvirates II. xx. 576 Agrippa's [Gallies] were heavy, but stronger and loftier, and his Souldiers all brave and men of service.
1825 T. Carlyle Life Schiller iii. 202 That rude tumultuous host which Wallenstein presided over... In this ludicrous doggrel..these men of service paint their hopes and doings.
b.
piece of service n. (formerly also †parcel of service) now rare an action which is of service to one's master, sovereign, etc.In early use often specifically referring to military achievements or exploits; hence sometimes ironically to refer to cowardly or otherwise inappropriate behaviour in military contexts (see quot. a1616).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > [noun] > a service
servicea1393
piece of service1575
1575 U. Fulwell Flower of Fame f. 49 They seemed greatly to lament, that so noble a piece of seruyce as was done at Hadington, shoulde so sleyghtlye passe thorough the handes of Cronographers.
1582 W. Allen Briefe Hist. Glorious Martyrdom sig. D iij The Sherife..went to the court where he was made knight [printed kinght] for this notable peece of seruice.
1590 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons 7 And so dooth the matter fall out, if a parcell of seruice should be doon, where 500. [men] should be imployed therunto.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) v. i. 153 Oft haue I seene a hot ore-weening Curre..Who being suffer'd with the Beares fell paw, Hath clapt his taile, betweene his legges and cride, And such a peece of seruice will you do, If you oppose your selues to match Lord Warwicke. View more context for this quotation
1698 in J. Stevens tr. M. de Faria y Sousa Hist. Portugal 496 It was a desperate piece of Service, for such a handful of Men to attempt against such a multitude.
1813 La Belle Assemblée Sept. 100/2 The Duke of Lerma..had formerly rendered the Duchess of Feria an important piece of service.
1897 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Sept. 582/2 His last piece of service was a glorious one, he being with our fleet that defeated the Spanish Armada.
1904 R. Leighton Hurrah! for Spanish Main xiii. 202 I charge you conceal for a time the piece of service which I require you to perform on board your own ship, the Swan.
1940 Essex Chron. 31 May 3/7 Members of the Council could do a good piece of service if, in going about their villages, they maintained and instilled a spirit of optimistic confidence, and did their best to allay rumours and fears.
P4. Miscellaneous phrases.
†a. Proverb. service is no inheritance (formerly heritage): working as a servant is not an effective way of providing for one's future. Obsolete.Usually with reference to domestic service.
[Compare Middle French service du seigneur n'est pas heritage and variants (late 14th cent.).]
ΚΠ
?c1425 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Royal 17 D.vi) (1860) 31 Servise, I wote wele, is none heritage.
1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xx. 162 But service is no inheritance;..therefore..hee beginnes now in his Summer, to store up against winter.
1639 T. Heywood True Relation 2 Most Famous Eng. Pyrats i. v. sig. A8v These two..further reasoned that service was no heritage.
1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 6 A poor Servant is not to be blamed if he strives to better himself; that Service is no Inheritance.
1845 Eng. Gentleman 28 June 156/4 Occasionally you may see her paying a visit to the Bloomsbury Savings' Bank, for service is no inheritance, and she is determined to..provide for a comfortable retirement when her day is gone by.
1911 Monitor & New Era 7 Oct. 10/1 All this is changed. Service is no inheritance, seems to be the motto of the day.
b. the service of the table and variants: the action of serving food and drink to people at table; waiting at table; = sense 30a. Now archaic and rare. [Compare Middle French, French service de la table (1579 in the passage translated in quot. 1594, or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > serving food > [noun]
servingc1425
sewinga1483
the service of the table1588
ushering1598
dishing1679
helping1824
waiterage1849
waitering1862
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 22 Necessary implements, not onely for the vse of the Kitchin, but seruice of the Table [It. della mensa etiandio].
1594 R. Ashley tr. P. Leroy Interchangeable Course iv. f. 47v The seruice of the Table [Fr. la seruice de la table], and things inuented for magnificence, were augmented from day to day with new licourousnes, and delicacies.
1658 J. Burbury tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. Christina Queen of Swedland v. 258 The foresaid Signior Ridolphus was her Cupbearer, &..twelve principall Gentlemen of the City, assisting at the service of the table.
?1760 M. Bradley Brit. Housewife Feb. 113 To these Articles, received from abroad for the Service of the Table, we are to add the Oils.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. x. 186 More pretty things were said upon both sides during the service of the tea-table than we have leisure to repeat.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xlix. 437 He described..the service of the table..enumerated the dishes and wines served.
1910 N.E.D. Tableware, ware for the service of the table.
1934 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 16 July 11/3 Bro. R. C. Forbes responded on behalf of..the small band of faithful workers who were directing the service of the table for the evening.
c. On His (or Her) Majesty's Service: used as a formula, esp. as printed on an envelope, to indicate that a letter is of an official nature. Often abbreviated OHMS (see O n.1 Initialisms 1). Now chiefly British.Such letters have in certain circumstances been exempted from postage charges.
ΚΠ
1760 H. Bouquet Let. 26 Nov. in Papers (1940) Ser. 21653 36 You are to..appoint at Each Post a soldier to be employed as a Foot Express to carry from Post to Post Every Letter on His Majesty's Service for which they will be paid.]
1763 in Pennsylvania Arch. (1853) IV. 133 [Direction on a letter] (On his Majesty's Service,) For Col[one]l Joseph Shippen, in Philadelphia.
1874 G. J. Whyte-Melville Uncle John II. xiv. 89 Three letters..marked ‘On Her Majesty's Service’.
1935 Econ. Jrnl. 45 392 A large envelope marked On His Majesty's Service.
2005 Bristol Post (Nexis) 31 Dec. 8 Six weeks ago a brown envelope arrived with ‘On Her Majesty's Service’ stamped on it—I thought it was from the tax man.

Compounds

C1. As a modifier.
a. Of, relating to, or used in the performance of a religious service (cf. branch I.).Earliest in service-while n. at Compounds 2, service time n. at Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 940 (MED) Ayþer halched oþer & seten soberly samen þe seruise-quyle.
1429 Will in Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. (1895) 5 298 (MED) ij taperis of waxe..oon stondyng at my hede, yat other at my feete, brennyng al the seruice tyme.
1553 J. Bale Vocacyon Table sig. Gvii Seruice boke, resisted.
1619 J. Higgins Falles Vnfortunate Princes 510 All went to church, when seruice bell did knole.
1865 Musical Standard 23 Sept. 105/2 (advt.) Te Deum in G. An easy service setting, by C. Darnton.
1894 Outlook 8 Sept. 399/1 A service sheet was distributed to all present, and a majority were taken home, the selections of Scripture being much appreciated.
1953 Telegraph-Herald (Dubuque, Iowa) 1 Mar. 2/1 (advt.) We think of the weekday clerical dress and service vestments as ‘the uniform of God's ministers’.
1999 Cathedral Music Apr. 10/1 I suggested that we write in the service booklet that the congregation be invited to listen to the voluntary, or leave the chapel quietly.
b. Designating components of the apparatus for supplying a utility to a property (cf. sense 32a).Earliest in service pipe; later also service box, service cable, service duct, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > other types of pipe
swan-pen1426
service pipe1718
standpipe1728
service1786
jet pipe1795
safety tube1803
gas pipe1807
outlet pipe1837
pipette1839
downpipe1846
nipple1863
downcomer1868
downcome1872
wyea1877
benda1884
Y brancha1884
gas line1887
sparge pipe1910
riser1962
marine riser1972
1718 Daily Courant 31 Jan. The Governour and Company of the New-River brought from Chadwell and Amwell to London, are inform'd that several Plummers in and about the City of London, lay on Leaden Pipes to the several Mains and Service-Pipes belonging to the said Company, without applying to them or any of their Officers.
1819 T. S. Peckston Theory & Pract. Gas-lighting 299 He must prepare to bring the gas into the houses by laying the service-pipes.
1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. x. §2380 Improved service-box for supplying water-closets.
1894 Aberdeen Weekly Jrnl. 13 Feb. 7/5 A small brass ‘grip’ is fixed on to the main, and through the grip the current passes into the pair of service cables, which are enclosed in an iron pipe for protection.
1952 Jrnl. Amer. Water Wks. Assoc. 44 995/1 Pumps that operate to maintain proper levels in service tanks must be carefully watched.
2018 Paisley Daily Express (Nexis) 2 Feb. 4 A survey revealed structural problems, including cracked walls, asbestos in service ducts..and damage to plaster and stonework.
c. In racket sports, volleyball, etc.: designating a part of the playing area in relation to which a service (sense 40a) must obey certain rules, or which is associated with service in some other way, as service box, service court, service wall, etc. See also service line n. at Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1775 ‘Connoisseur’ Ann. Gaming iii. 48 This long gallery is divided into different departments or galleries:..the last gallery..is called the Service-side.
1872 J. R. Atkins Bk. Racquets iii. 34 The front, or ‘service’ wall, is generally, in a full-sized court, about forty feet high by thirty-two feet wide.
1875 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 61 When there is a chase being played for on the service side, any hazard-side opening becomes a winning stroke to the player at the service end.
1878 J. Marshall Ann. Tennis 159 Service court, that part of the floor which is contained between the service-line, the pass-line, the grille-wall, and the gallery-wall and battery.
1885 Baily's Monthly Mag. Aug. 313 The service was from a service-box in the middle of the court.
1926 Times 2 Mar. 8/3 Captain Hancock was again and again forcing the attack from the service end by beautiful play in the rallies.
1992 Daily News (Huntingdon, Pa.) 14 Oct. 5/2 M. Snyder returned to the service area and produced three points..to give Tussey the lead for good.
2006 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 20 Aug. (Play Mag.) 52 Federer makes full use of the court—including the service-box areas—better than anyone else on the tour.
d.
(a) Esp. of firearms, military equipment, etc.: employed, or suitable for use, on active service (see sense 13a).Earliest in service charge n. 1. See also service revolver n. at Compounds 2.
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1776 J. Lind Descr. Rifled Ordnance 25 Twenty-four Carron Guns made for Spain..sustained each..sixty rounds, fired on carriages, at intervals of two minutes, with the common service-charge, in the following manner.
1819 Calcutta Jrnl. 7 July 94 The Military Board will be requested to issue the requisite instructions for having the three Corps supplied with..the regulated proportion of Service Ammunition.
1837 King's Regul. Army 153 Regiments on Foreign Stations are formed into Six Service Companies and Four Depôt Companies.
1860 All Year Round 15 Sept. 546 The ordinary unrifled service gun.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. vi. 236 By service rigs, is to be understood the rig that boats use when on service.
1901 Scotsman 2 Mar. 10/1 Dressed in their service khaki.
1923 R. H. Torrey et al. N.Y. Walk Bk. (Pocket ed.) 149/2 The site of the old Camp Wyckoff..has been used for some seasons past by regular army and state guard artillery units for practice with service ammunition.
1987 J. W. Gordon Other Desert War ii. 29 The participants were..issued Enfield service rifles as well as a box of hand grenades.
2007 Hist. Irel. Sept. 29/2 Men recruited in Ireland would go to regular Irish battalions, while English drafts would be used to maintain Irish service battalions.
(b)
(i) Of or relating to the army, navy, or air force; military (as opposed to civilian). Also: of or relating to one of these services (as identified in the context).Earliest in service man: see serviceman n. 2. In early use not always clearly distinguishable from Compounds 1d(a): see note at serviceman n. 2.
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1832 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 11 1194 Continuing Mr. Windham's high rates of allowance to the wounded soldier and service men.
1846 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 16 Aug. 5/2 Let the system I have proposed, both for the militia and the service man, be tried.
1897 United Service Mag. Oct. 44 What's the use o' talkin' to a civilian in your bloo—blessed service jargon?
1917 Aeroplane 22 Aug. 496/1 One recognises..that common-sense and Service needs have nothing to do with politics.
1958 Listener 6 Nov. 719/2 In 1947 Montgomery became Chief of the Imperial General Staff... He had to co-operate on equal terms with the Service Chiefs of the other two fighting services.
1973 J. Rossiter Manipulators iv. 48 I was so horribly humiliated—my service career finished.
2017 Times (Nexis) 20 Mar. 15 There are not enough housing developments around the army's largest garrisons..to accommodate all service families, the report says.
(ii) With the first element in plural form in the same sense. Cf. sense 20b.rare in North American usage.In quot. 1888 as a shortened form of the name of the United Services Club of London (formed in 1816 by the merging of the Naval and Military Clubs, and originally called the United Service Club).
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1888 Times 12 Nov. 12/1 A Rugby Union team of the Services club visited Sandhurst, and were easily defeated by the college.
1928 Western Gaz. 31 Aug. 16/2 If British dairy farmers cannot supply more than about one-half the requirements of the Services canteens they may as well leave off talking about the depression of agriculture.
1974 Financial Times 16 July 1/4 There is concern..both over the future of the two British bases, with 8,000 services personnel, and the 2,000 holidaymakers stranded in Cyprus.
2009 Coventry Evening Tel. (Nexis) 3 Feb. (Nuneaton ed.) 3 Karrie found an application form on the internet and visited the services recruitment office in Coventry.
e. Relating to or used in the serving of meals (see branch V.*), domestic or household service, maintenance, etc., as in service door, service entrance, service staircase, service stairs, etc.Earliest in service room n. 2.
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1833 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. iii. iii. 841 Dining-room, twenty feet by sixteen feet, with company and service entrances.
1833 Mirror Lit., Amusem., & Instr. 21 Dec. 418/1 The..central portion of the plan, contains the principal staircase, flanked with waiting and service-rooms.
1860 Scotsman 4 May In the wing stretching backwards..is a pathological museum, with the landing-place of the private or service staircase..and other conveniences.
1863 J. Grant Letty Hyde's Lovers xlii. 305 The dining-room..adjoined the kitchen, from whence it was merely separated by a square service-door.
1869 Era 17 Oct. 14/4 From this floor there are separate service stairs, which go direct to the top of the building, and lifts for the supply of dinners go from here to every floor.
1933 Archit. Rev. 73 24/2 (caption) The service-bay between the kitchen and the restaurant.
1956 H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy xiv. 92 She went out the back, through the service entrance.
1976 H. Nielsen Brink of Murder xii. 106 The manager conceded that there was a service door and..accompanied them upstairs on the service stairway.
1990 Country Life 24 May 119/3 New service stairs were installed at the corners of the north front by doubling the giant Doric pilasters.
1993 M. Leigh Naked in M. Leigh Naked & Other Screenplays (1995) 48 Surrounded by silver pipes and ducts, Johnny and Brian are sitting at the top of a functional-looking service staircase.
2015 N.Y. Mag. 1 June 66/2 Those with a few hundred grand to spare might consider the life-size Care-O-bot.., a service robot designed to help humans clean the kitchen, among other household tasks.
f. Of, relating to, or involving economic activity which supplies the needs of consumers but is not concerned with the production or manufacture of tangible goods (cf. sense 35), as in service economy, service industry, service sector, etc.
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1896 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 10 256 The whole group of service industries of course follow the consumer.
1921 Proc. 8th Ann. Meeting Internat. Assoc. Public Employment Services 56 The public employment office..is a service organization.
1937 William & Mary Coll. Q. Hist. Mag. 17 421 The transition from a service economy to a monetary system rendered the nobility and gentry..unusually sensitive to the fluctuations of monetary values.
1941 Amer. Econ. Rev. 31 516 There is no reason for supposing that the degree of monopoly power is greater in the service than in the non-service sector.
1959 Times 5 Sept. 10/3 The rapid expansion of service occupations—administration, the professions, retailing, entertainment and numerous health and welfare services.
1966 Listener 5 May 642/2 There is to be a selective employments tax to help get workers out of service industries into the factories.
2006 D. Edgerton Shock of Old (2008) iii. 70 A number of analysts have..identified this growth in service employment with the rise of an ‘information society’.
2013 Wall St. Jrnl. 18 Nov. a12/1 (advt.) The FTZ..is not about manufacturing but the opening-up of China's service sector..to the rest of the world.
2014 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 Apr. 36/2 Head shows how a ‘concierge’ economy for the very rich has grown up side by side with the defective service economy for everyone else.
g. orig. and chiefly British. Designating a flat or other property in which various services are provided at a charge included in the rent. Esp. in service flat.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > flat or apartment > type of
studio flat1882
studio apartment1884
mansard1886
penthouse1892
single end1897
walk-up1907
railroad flat1908
simplex1912
service flat1913
studio1918
kitchenette1920
duplex1922
garden flat1922
flatlet1925
show flat1929
quadruplex1939
council flat1941
garden apartment1942
walk-back1945
multilevel1959
tower apartment1961
condominium1962
triplex1962
condo1984
1913 Standard 11 Sept. 14/2 (advt.) A charming service flat. Overlooking beautiful grounds.
1926 Times 10 Apr. 3/2 (advt.) Unfurnished service apartments, one, two, three or more rooms; catering service, valeting, constant hot water.
1937 Bath Weekly Chron. & Herald 20 Mar. 18/4 (advt.) Service maisonette to be let unfurnished... Five rooms, kitchenette, bathroom, etc.
2013 Guardian (Nexis) 10 Apr. 25 He kept a low profile, living in a service flat in a quiet corner of Canary Wharf.
h. With the sense ‘engaged in or concerned with the maintenance and servicing of vehicles, equipment, etc., or the provision of customer service’, as service department, service engineer, etc.
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1907 Financial Times 1 Aug. 2/7 The Executive of the State Railway have caused their technical Service Engineers who were present at quite a series of trials to make a detailed report.
1907 Travel Mag. Oct. 45/2 (advt.) We can materially aid our subscribers in this direction. Address: Service Department, The Travel Magazine, 333 Fourth Ave., New York.
1956 Financial Times 2 Oct. (Fuel Efficiency Exhibition section) p. ii/3 Many instrument manufacturers are now willing to enter into service agreements to maintain a factory's instrument installation.
1970 R.A.C. Guide & Handbk. 35 Ring the nearest RAC 24-hour emergency control or the nearest RAC service centre.
1995 Canad. Geographic Jan. 15 (advt.) So many of our Service Representatives have gone beyond the call—helping to solve problems not just about lost Cards or Travelers Cheques, but about the unpredictable nature of life itself.
2012 Wall St. Jrnl. 20 June d4/3 The local service center recommended replacing the transmission fluid.
C2.
service action n. Sport (in tennis, squash, volleyball, etc.) the sequence of physical movements involved in serving (see serve v.1 51d); a particular manner of doing this; serving technique.
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1913 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 3 Sept. 13/2 Some people smash with their favorite service action, a forehand or a reverse cut.
1994 N. McLean & A. Richardson in A. A. Sheikh & E. R. Korn Imagery in Sports & Physical Performance iv. 61 Actual game skills, such as golf putting..and the service action in volleyball and tennis.
2010 A. Buxton & N. Simic 303 Tips for Successful Tennis 17 One of the best kept secrets of a good service action is to make sure your tossing arm stays as high as possible in contact with the ball.
service alley n. a road or passage giving access to the back of a row of buildings.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun] > at the back of houses
back entry1677
service alley1885
service lane1899
jigger1902
1885 C. Eliot Jrnl. 22 Dec. in C. W. Eliot Charles Eliot: Landscape Gardener (1902) iv. 57 There are no service alleys; so that in some parts of the town the houses look across the street at the backs of other houses.
1907 Sun (Baltimore) 7 May 11/4 In my opinion all inside alleys, with the exception of service alleys, should be abolished.
2006 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 12 Dec. a16/1 Smokers have to walk about 100 feet down a service alley, past garbage bins and into a street not even visible from the bar to have a smoke.
service animal n. a working animal; spec. (a) an animal used by the armed forces; (b) chiefly North American an animal (typically a dog) that has been trained to assist a person who has a disability or disabling condition (cf. service dog n.).
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1886 Aberdeen Jrnl. 19 Oct. 2/5 Mr Cook thought the horses belonging to the town were very good service animals.
1944 N.Y. Times Mag. 23 Jan. 19/1 The Army trained dogs for the Navy and Coast Guard as well. Like other ‘service animals’, the dogs became the responsibility of the Quartermaster General.
1988 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 15 Aug. c6/2 Specially trained service animals such as capuchin monkeys can make the difference between independence and dependence for disabled people.
2009 C. B. Harrington Barrier-free Trav. (ed. 3) 55 Assuming that a qualified service animal is traveling with a person with a disability, the service animal is allowed to accompany that individual everywhere on the aircraft.
2016 Southern Highland News (Austral.) (Nexis) 9 Nov. 5 This year will..see an increased focus on the role animals have played in the armed forces. Service animals are traditionally remembered with a purple poppy.
service book n. a book intended to be read or sung from during a service (sense 3); esp. a book containing forms of worship authorized for use within a particular church or denomination.In the 17th cent. often used (with the) to refer to the Book of Common Prayer (Book of Common Prayer).
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society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > service book (general) > [noun]
church bookOE
servicelOE
standard1466
kirk book1503
service book1553
Hirmologion1850
church service1855
society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > service book (general) > [noun] > containing directions for worship
prayer book?1529
service book1553
directory1640
society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > service book (general) > [noun] > containing directions for worship > Anglican
prayer book?1529
Book of Common Prayer1549
service book1553
book1588
Common Prayer Book1595
liturgy1629
servicea1684
common prayer1688
1553 J. Bale Vocacyon Table sig. Gvii Seruice boke, resisted.
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Breviaire, the seruice booke of priestes of the church of Rome.
1638 W. Laud Diary 29 Apr. in Hist. Troubles (1695) 55 The tumults in Scotland, about the Service-Book offered to be brought in.
1704 Lives, Eng. & Forein II. 10 In 1637..the King wou'd impose the Service-Book and Ceremonies on the Church of Scotland.
1846 W. Maskell Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiae Anglicanae I. p. lxxxi The revision of the service-books of the Western Church which followed the council of Trent.
1901 P. H. Ditchfield Eng. Villages xiv. 186 At Sonning, Berks, there is a small stone desk attached to a pillar for the service-book to rest on.
2002 Cathedral Music Oct. 35/2 All three sets of service books include settings of the Nicene Creed and of the Venite as well as of the morning and evening canticles.
service break n. (in tennis, squash, etc.) an act of breaking an opponent's serve; = break of serve at break n.1 Additions.
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1920 Amer. Lawn Tennis 15 Sept. 444/1 Johnston secured his third service break of the set by tallying three successive placements which Tilden failed to touch.
2000 Australian 31 May (Brisbane ed.) 17/1 Both men started by serving the living daylights out of the balls. There was not a sniff of a service break in the first set until Philippoussis stepped up at 4–5.
service bureau n. (a) a group within a particular industry, community, etc., that provides specialized information or services to that community; (b) Computing a commercial organization providing services such as scanning, pre-press, and colour printing, esp. to businesses.
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1911 Presbyterian of South (U.S.) 16 Aug. 23/3 (advt.) IHC [sc. International Harvester Company] Service Bureau... The Bureau is a center where the best ways of doing things on the farm, and data relating to its development, are collected.
1932 Town & Country 15 Apr. 40/1 The American Art Dealers Association has formed a Service Bureau... The Service Bureau..is ready to give advice on all sorts of subjects related to collecting and exhibiting.
1969 Datamation Dec. 117/2 Inasmuch as the processing of 45,000 unit records did not justify the acquisition of a computer system, the work was contracted out to an edp service bureau, where it is done on an IBM 360/40 system.
1989 MacUser Aug. 169 When your documents go to a service bureau for printing, they enter a different universe. Here's how to prevent them from printing as if they'd come from a different universe.
1992 J. Mitford Amer. Way of Birth ii. iv. 82 The Alabama Department of Public Health's Family Health Service Bureau, whose functions include oversight of maternal and child care.
2015 J. Micallef Beginning Design for 3D Printing 391 With the growing number of 3D-printing service bureaus available, anyone interested in getting their 3D designs printed now have many options available.
service cap n. any of various types of cap worn as part of a uniform, esp. by members of the armed forces.
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1826 E.-India Reg. & Directory 567/3 Necessaries for a cadet... Foraging or service cap.
1843 Belfast News Let. 10 Oct. They wore not the shako, but their service caps.
1937 Daily Herald 3 Feb. 12/4 A peaked service cap with the name of the flea pit written on the band in gold braid.
2002 D. R. Downton Seldom 274 There he was, service cap in hand, crossing the ice on an unannounced leave.
service ceiling n. Aeronautics the maximum altitude at which a particular aircraft can sustain a specified rate of climb.
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1918 Aircraft Production: Hearings before Special Subcomm. of Comm. on Mil. Affairs (U.S. Senate, 65th Congr., 2nd Sess.) II. 1006 The service ceiling is very close to 15,000 feet.
1944 H. F. Browne Aeroplane Flight vi. 97 At the service ceiling the aeroplane can fly only at speeds between 180 m.p.h. and 240 m.p.h.
2017 Daily Mail (Nexis) 13 June Aircraft's service ceiling is around 50,000 feet and rate of climb is 44.890 ft per minute.
service check n. a (typically periodic) routine operation of inspection and maintenance; = sense 37b.
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1938 Aviation July 75/3 The serviced flight panel is then returned to stock, ready for installation in the next airplane when it comes in for its regular service check.
1949 Accelerator Nov.–Dec. 4/1 (advt.) You can tell an owner that you'll put a set [of seat covers] on while his car is in for a service check or at any time when he can spare his car for an hour.
2007 Service Station & Garage Managem. Sept. 12/2 We can tell them right now to start thinking of doing a seasonal service check, but it is only when that first November freezing rain storm comes that they begin to think they had better get those tires checked.
service club n. North American a club whose members organize or participate in activities intended to promote welfare and goodwill in a local community.
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society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > club > types of club
penny club1631
country club1679
soaking club1694
fire clubc1744
tea-circle1834
student union1843
Boys' Club1855
house club1893
tennis club1894
service club1898
book club1904
Darby and Joan club1942
1888 Hutchinson (Kansas) Daily News 28 Sept. 4/4 Atchison people are beginning to polish up in anticipation of the Social Service club which is to meet there on the first and second of November.]
1898 Chicago Blue Bk. 1899 100/2 Service Club—Pres. Miss Annie M. Warren.
1978 J. L. Hensley Killing in Gold (1979) v. 65 He'd joined..one of the service clubs, Lions, Rotary, or Kiwanis.
2013 Prince George (Brit. Columbia) Citizen (Nexis) 7 Oct. (Opinion section) 6 Without the work of service clubs to fund such projects, the burden will fall on taxpayers to build, repair and replace such facilities.
service contract n. (a) a contract of employment; (b) a business agreement between contractor and customer, typically one guaranteeing the maintenance and servicing of machinery or equipment.
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1842 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 18 Aug. If a person serve a few months.., and then without quitting or suspending the service contract..continue to serve under this contract a length of time sufficient.., the hiring will be complete.
1866 Times 4 Jan. 6/3 I have had considerable experience in mail packet service... My duty is to see whether the service contract is carried out efficiently.
1919 Motor Age 11 Dec. 24/1 The customer's order form..is virtually a service contract.
1958 Listener 20 Nov. 824/1 It would be wrong to abandon altogether the distinction between service contracts and other types of contract.
2015 Idaho Falls Post Reg. (Nexis) 3 Aug. Usually, the price of the service contract is based on the car make, model, condition (new or used), coverage, and length of contract.
service dog n. (a) a dog used by the armed forces; (b) chiefly North American a dog that has been trained to assist a person who has a disability or disabling condition; cf. service animal n.
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1917 T. F. Jager Scout, Red Cross & Army Dogs 37 True fidelity to his comrades in the ranks and suspicion against anything abnormal beyond the line and strangers are some of the leading requirements in worth-while service dogs.
1936 Washington Post 20 Dec. 6/5 The ‘seeing eyes’ are chiefly German shepherds... Service dog—Because of their keen intelligence..German shepherds are ideal for the work.
1994 Dog World June 197/2 Their predisposition to bond tightly to human families, together with their exceptionally high trainability have ensured their worth as versatile service dogs.
2005 S. Choron & H. Choron Planet Dog i. 23/2 York, a German Shepherd Dog, was the most famous service dog of the era. He completed 148 combat patrols.
service dress n. †(a) a form of military uniform made of heavy fabric for winter wear (obsolete); (b) a standard form of military uniform: originally that worn on parade and in battle; (subsequently) that worn for ordinary purposes in contrast to full dress uniform worn on ceremonial occasions; (now, in British use) one which is less formal than full dress, but more formal than ordinary military dress (cf. battle-dress n.).
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1808 ‘A Corporal of Riflemen’ Scloppetaria Contents p. xxiv The addition of a thick green waistcoat with long sleeves, may be modified into a summer or drill, and a winter or service dress.
1838 H. R. Addison Diary of Judge 11 The abrupt entrance of Captain Villedieu, in the service dress of his regiment, startled the assembled group.
1960 E. Waugh in Spectator 15 July 95/3 The officials..wore khaki service dress and Brodrick caps.
2008 R. Moore & G. Owen My Word is my Bond (2009) iii. 61 While at ‘final OCTU’..I had my service dress uniform made for me at Austin Reed.
service elevator n. (originally) a lift for the use of domestic servants or tradespeople; (later also) a lift for transporting objects (esp. heavy goods) rather than people; = service lift n.
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1874 Cincinnati Commerc. 8 July 8/1 There are three elevators—one service elevator, run by steam; one baggage elevator.., and one passenger elevator.
1959 Daily Oklahoman 22 Apr. 1/4 The youths rode a service elevator to the top of the Petroleum Club building.
2003 New Yorker 1 Dec. 46/1 At 1016 Fifth, children are not allowed in the service elevators, servants are not allowed in the passenger elevator.
service flag n. U.S. (a) the official flag of a branch of the U.S. Armed Forces; (b) a flag (typically featuring a white stripe or rectangle on a red field), flown by a family or community, which bears one blue star for every member of it who is engaged in active military service and one gold star for every member who has been killed while serving; cf. blue star n., gold star n. 2.
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1861 N.Y. Times 29 May 1/6 The service flags were all at half mast from muster to sundown, at Forts Columbus, Hamilton, &c.
1915 Evening Rev. (E. Liverpool, Ohio) 7 Aug. 2/2 At the close of the business session, a service flag, containing a star for each member in the service, was unfurled.
1947 G. E. Govan & J. W. Livingood Univ. of Chatanooga xvii. 170 On December 7, 1942, Pearl Harbor day, the service flag of the University was presented by the alumni... There were 485 stars on the flag for men in service, while two gold stars already were a token of the sacrifice ahead.
1987 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 1 Oct. v. 1/2 A presentation of service flags by members of the five armed services concluded the program.
2005 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star (Nexis) 1 Sept. b5 I am a military mom, aunt, mother-in-law and sister. My service flag that hangs in my front window has four stars for each of my family members who serve.
service game n. Sport (in tennis, squash, volleyball, etc.) a game in which a particular player or team serves; the quality of play achieved by a particular player or team when serving.
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1874 Wellingtonian (Wellington College, Berkshire) June 176/1 Haileybury then added 7 aces, chiefly off the service game.
1954 Times of India 22 Jan. 11/4 He dropped his service game but broke through Kumar's once again to make it six-all.
1972 Suburbanite Economist (Chicago) 13 Dec. iv. 3/3 The Springers..dropped 15-1 and 15-7 decisions to Palos. In particular, their service game let them down.
2009 L. J. Wertheim Strokes of Genius 50 After three service games, Federer had yet to serve-and-volley.
service hatch n. any of various types of hatch allowing food or drink to be served, maintenance to be carried out, etc.; (often) spec. a hatch (hatch n.1 1b) in the wall of a kitchen, pantry, etc., through which food may be passed.
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1864 R. Kerr Gentleman's House 466 The Dining-room has a convenient service-hatch..to the Butler's-pantry.
1969 Pop. Mech. June 116/2 Based on the Econoline 300 with 123.5-inch wheelbase, it has an outside service hatch for routine servicing.
2017 Plymouth Herald (Nexis) 11 July (Property section) 18 The bay-windowed dining room and the sitting room each have a tiled fireplace, the latter boasting patio doors and a service hatch to the kitchen.
service issue n. and adj. (a) n. something forming part of the standard range of items issued to service personnel; (b) adj. (as modifier) designating such an item.
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1910 Jrnl. Royal Army Med. Corps. 15 125 The dark blue overcoat and the red trousers are to be retained as a service issue.
1917 Dominion (Wellington, N.Z.) 28 Nov. 4/4 The recent order of the Defence authorities prohibiting the wearing of any but service issue uniforms.
1941 Scotsman 5 July 5/2 The Army authorities..have decided that in lieu of ordinary Service issue boots, Home Guard members will be entitled henceforth to a cash allowance for replacement of special boots.
2002 Independent (Nexis) 26 Sept. 4 A search..uncovered..a bag containing 5.56mm bullets, which were compatible with British service issue rifles.
service lane n. a road or passage giving access to the back of a row of buildings; = service alley n.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > lane > [noun] > at the back of houses
back entry1677
service alley1885
service lane1899
jigger1902
1899 Aberdeen Weekly Jrnl. 31 May 4/7 The effect..was to turn into a thoroughfare what before was simply a service lane for the accommodation of the frontagers to Thomson Street and Watson Street.
1927 Irish Times 24 Oct. 5/4 The land..has been laid out in broad and open streets, with ample garden space provided for the houses erected thereon, which, in turn, give access to stable or service lanes at the rears.
2006 R. Crais Two Minute Rule xli. 260 He turned into the service lane behind the shops and stores, and drove along the rear of the shopping center.
service-learning n. North American an approach to education in which students undertake volunteering work alongside traditional learning.
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1978 Clearing House 52 101/1 In a service-learning role, a student..learns first-hand about the social needs and problems of diverse groups in his or her community.
1996 R. Guarasci & C. A. Rimmerman in T. L. Becker & R. A. Couto Teaching Democracy by being Democratic iv. 114 Service learning develops in our students the democratic imagination and personal commitments required of active citizens.
2007 N.Y. Times Mag. 30 Sept. 30 At many colleges, there is also growing emphasis on service-learning, in which students in an earth-science course, for instance, move out of the lab to work with an environmental advocacy group.
service lift n. chiefly British (originally) a lift for the use of domestic servants or tradespeople; (later also) a lift for transporting objects (esp. heavy goods) rather than people; = service elevator n.
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1866 Birmingham Daily Post 21 June 7/3 A bath room, lavatory, nurse's room, service-lift, fire plug, and other conveniences will be attached to each ward.
1995 A. Warner Morvern Callar (1996) 9 I stacked the pallets, put the wooden boxes by the service lift then broke the cardboard ones down.
service line n. (in tennis, badminton, etc.) a line on a court marking the limit of the area into which the ball or shuttlecock must be served.
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1860 N.Y. Herald 15 Jan. 8/3 The party serving..shall serve over the ‘cut’ line on the wall and the service line in the court.
1929 N.Y. Times 20 Jan. x. 8/1 At the start he was returning the ball in the neighborhood of the service line, but he soon found that he must hit harder and lower.
2007 Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 7 July (Sports section) d7 Bartoli..has a tendency to stand close to the service line to receive shots, particularly on second serves.
service mark n. a trademark applied to a service (in sense 34a) in order to distinguish it from services offered by others.Used as a more specific term to refer to trademarks for services rather than goods.
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1924 R. Burrell Let. 1 Oct. in Bull. U.S. Trade-mark Assoc. Oct. 263 There is also the question of ‘Service’ marks which are dealt with in Section 24.
1950 Managem. Rev. Oct. 616/1 The trade-mark manager or supervisor recommends objectives and policies to protect the firm's investment in trade marks or service marks.
2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 23 July v. 5 (advt.) MileSAAver and ‘airplane swoosh’ are service marks of American Airlines, Inc.
† service measure n. Prosody Obsolete an iambic stanza of four lines containing 8 and 6 syllables alternately; = common metre n. at common adj. and adv. Compounds 2; (also) a line of seven iambic feet, grouped as four feet followed by three feet, in the manner of a couplet of common metre; cf. service metre n.
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1841 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. v. 382 Poulterer's Measure.—Alexandrines and Service Measures alternately... It will be seen that a couplet of Ballad Metre is equivalent to a line of Service Metre.
1902 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 270 These [poems] are written in service measure, and in neither of them is the narrative of any account.
service member n. (a) British a Member of Parliament who also serves in the armed forces (now rare); (b) originally and chiefly U.S. a person serving in the armed forces.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed forces > [noun] > other nationalities
National Guard1792
black flags1876
service member1890
Wehrmacht1935
Tojo1942
Fighting French1943
Zahal1959
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > Member of Parliament > other types of member
burgessc1425
private member1606
recruiter1648
university member1774
unofficial member1822
labour member1871
Labour-Liberal1890
service member1890
front-bencher1907
back-bencher1910
shire-member1910
1890 Leeds Mercury 29 Mar. 7/2 During the present Parliament a well-known ‘Service’ Member was called to order for referring to naval matters in the course of a discussion on the army.
1943 North Adams (Mass.) Transcript 12 Oct. 3/1 If service members already have made payments on 1942 income.., these can be credited against their 1943 liability.
1944 Times 15 Jan. 4/5 It is unlikely that Lieutenant Lawson is the first service member to wish to speak outside his own constituency.
2009 W. Pencak Encycl. Veteran in Amer. 104/1 Proud parents of service members began displaying blue stars in their front windows.
service metre n. Prosody (now rare) an iambic stanza of four lines containing 8 and 6 syllables alternately; = common metre n. at common adj. and adv. Compounds 2; (also) seven iambic feet forming a line.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > metre > [noun] > variety of > fourteen syllables
tessaradecasyllabon?c1622
service metre1841
fourteener1884
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > metre > [noun] > variety of > common metre
common metre1664
service metre1841
running rhythma1887
1841 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. v. 382 Poulterer's Measure.—Alexandrines and Service Measures alternately... It will be seen that a couplet of Ballad Metre is equivalent to a line of Service Metre.
1886 J. M. D. Meiklejohn Eng. Lang. 182 Iambic Tetrameter with Iambic Trimeter in alternate lines—the second and fourth rhyming—is called Ballad Metre. When used, as it often is, in hymns, it is called Service Metre.
1949 Philol. Q. 28 161 Unlike the translations of 1648, which were all in the common service metre, Milton's psalm translations in August of 1653 contain a great variety of rime and metrical patterns.
service module n. Astronautics a section of a spacecraft, esp. one in the U.S. Apollo series, containing the main engine and support systems.The service module is typically jettisoned during re-entry of the earth's atmosphere.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > spacecraft > [noun] > module or capsule
landing craft1940
ferry1951
capsule1954
space capsule1954
module1961
service module1961
Lem1962
moonbug1963
1961 Space Technol. Oct. 41 (caption) Service module.
1970 San Antonio (Texas) Light 18 Apr. 2 (caption) Apollo 13's crew jettisoned the broken service module that had spoiled their moon mission.
2015 Independent (Nexis) 16 Feb. 1 The ‘Lemaitre’ ATV-5 was captured undocking from the aft port of the craft's Service Module, before moving safely away from the ISS.
service pack n. Computing a periodically released update to software from a manufacturer, consisting of enhancements and fixes for known bugs.
ΚΠ
1991 InfoWorld 18 Mar. 1/4 We intend to unbundle OS/2 and have an Extended Edition service pack that's available to the industry.
2004 Independent 17 Nov. (Review section) 11/4 Customers..receive regular updates of bug fixes and service packs from software vendors.
† service paste n. Obsolete rare a mixture of clay and water used for making general-purpose porcelain, esp. that which is intended to be glazed.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > paste for making porcelain
petuntse1728
paste1735
body1774
frit1791
service paste1839
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1022 The following composition has been adopted for the service paste of the royal manufactory of Sèvres.
1856 D. Lardner Common Things explained 2nd Ser. 155 What is called the service paste, or that used for porcelain in general.
service provider n. (a) an organization or person employed to provide a service of some kind; (b) a company or other organization which provides access to the internet and related services; = internet service provider n. at internet n. Compounds 3.
ΚΠ
1941 Times Lit . Suppl. 19 July 350/4 The gross disproportion between real producers (workers and farmers) and mere ‘service’ providers.
1990 comp.protocols.tcp-ip 13 Feb. (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 27 Feb. 2018) The choice of connecting a commercial or educational institution to the Internet via a commercial service provider or via a not-for-profit so-called ‘regional’ or ‘mid-level’ service provider depends on what services are being sought.
2016 C. D. Reese Occup. Health & Safety Managem. (ed. 3) xxi. 361 Other types of service providers, for example, justice system personnel, customer service representatives, and delivery personnel.
2017 Medicine Hat (Alberta) News 3 Jan. b3/1 The intent is to ensure service providers offer Internet services at speeds of at least 50 megabits per second for downloading data, and 10 Mbps for uploads.
service range n. the range within which transmissions from a particular broadcasting station can be received distinctly; cf. service area n. 1b.
ΚΠ
1922 Manch. Guardian 24 Mar. 12/5 Bordeaux (1,000 kw.) has a commercial service range of about 4,000 miles.
1998 W. Gosling Radio Antennas & Propagation xi. 174 Because the signal falls at 14 dB per/km in addition to the usual inverse square effect, it rapidly becomes negligible beyond the service range.
service record n. the record of service of a soldier, employee, etc.
ΚΠ
1874 ‘A Civil Servant’ Organization Civil Service 22 The maintenance of a service record of every member of the Service..for the purpose of systematically controlling promotions.
1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms (at cited word) When an enlisted man is detached from his company, his service record will be forwarded by endorsement to his new commanding officer.
2014 Jrnl. Res. Music Educ. 62 202 He has served on editorial boards since 1974... The consistency and depth of his service record is exemplary.
service reservoir n. a (usually small) reservoir that is filled from an impounding reservoir at times of low demand to supplement the supply to the local area at times of high demand, so as to reduce the required capacity of the conduits from the impounding reservoir.
ΚΠ
1834 Leeds Intelligencer 15 Nov. This gentleman proposes..to bring the water from the Eccup streams..thence to conduct it..into a service reservoir on Woodhouse Moor.
1967 J. H. Stephens Water & Waste iii. 49 The purpose of the service reservoir, and its close relative, the water tower, is to allow for the peaks in demand.
2007 Sunday Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 28 Oct. 63 Service reservoirs were constructed on several of Brisbane's many hilltops.
service return n. (in tennis, squash, volleyball, etc.) a shot in which the ball or shuttlecock is hit back to an opponent who has just served it; = return of service at return n. 21a.
ΚΠ
1909 Manch. Guardian 5 Mar. 3/5 He has a powerful forehand drive, a service return that is severe enough to, and very often does, score outright.
2000 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 24 May (Sports section) b4 As Pennridge struggled with service returns in the second game, the Knights seized an 8-0 lead.
2015 M. Gitlin Best Tennis Players of All Time 34 He blasted a service return, then a backhand.
service revolver n. a revolver (or, more generally, any handgun) issued to military or police personnel.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > small-arm > [noun] > pistol > revolver > types of
six-shooter1844
five-shooter1848
belt revolver1853
six-shooting1858
pepperbox1861
service revolver1864
navy1867
six chamber1877
forty-five1881
pepper castor1889
hip revolver1897
six-gun1912
six chamber revolver1922
police special1935
thirty-two1942
thirty-eight1953
1864 Scotsman 11 Nov. I fired two shots, still running, with my long service revolver.
1926 E. Hemingway Sun also Rises xvii. 212 Always slept with a loaded service revolver.
1992 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch 18 June The car contained a police badge and the officer's service revolver, a 9mm semi-automatic handgun.
2001 ‘J. Farrow’ Ice Lake i. 17 He could not believe his partner had carried a service revolver to go fishing on a weekend off.
service road n. a subsidiary road which adjoins (and typically runs parallel to) a main road and gives access from it to nearby houses, shops, businesses, etc.; (sometimes more generally) any minor road which serves or gives access to a property or another road.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > minor road or side road > for access to houses or shops
service road1811
1811 Edinb. Advertiser 21 May 323/1 (advt.) The chief matter for consideration is, the practicability..of continuing the line of a temporary or service road, without impeding the regular levelling and filling up of the street.
1917 Town Planning Rev. Apr. 134 In the case of main arterial and circumferential roads.., where possible, there should be a subsidiary service road of 16 feet with or without a path at either side.
1935 Times 30 Dec. 13/6 There are signs in this neighbourhood that the future development will be the right one of groups of houses set back and approached by service roads.
2000 Times of India 15 Apr. 2/4 The highway was spruced up for Mr Clinton but what about the service road? It is full of craters.
2019 Toronto Star (Nexis) 27 June (Travel section) t1 We turned onto a dirt service road that is conveniently blocked for all but foot traffic and mountain bikers.
service routine n. Computing a program designed to perform a specific task relating to managing the operation of a computer; = utility routine n. at utility n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1952 C. W. Adams Policy on Outside Users of Whirlwind I 5 The manual will describe the..generally-adopted procedures for using the standard service routines for input, output, extra-precision and/or floating point operation, function evaluation and mistake location.
1969 P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 451 The most common service routines are the input/output programs... Other service routines perform such services as program loading, common calculations.., tracing, memory dumps, tape dumps, and the like.
2012 T. S. Margush Some Assembly Required x. 358 When the service routine is finished, it typically executes a RETI (return from interrupt) instruction.
service speed n. Nautical the speed a ship at sea is able to maintain under normal loading and weather conditions.
ΚΠ
1856 Morning Post 15 Aug. 2/5 The service speed may be 8, 10, or 12 knots per hour.
1933 Sci. News Let. 14 Jan. 29/2 The turbo-electric machinery has been designed for a service speed of 30 knots.
2001 Maritime Reporter & Engin. News Sept. 15 (advt.) With a service speed of 13.5 knots, the vessel has a bollard pull of 152,000 lbs.
service star n. a star-shaped badge worn to show the fact or length of a person's service in the military or another organization; esp. (U.S. Military) a small bronze or silver star added to a medal ribbon to show participation in a particular campaign or operation, multiple qualifications, or additional awards.
ΚΠ
1875 Hampshire Advertiser 20 Jan. 3/6 Rifle Volunteers... Service stars for five, ten, and fifteen years' service.
1913 A. S. Burleson Postal Laws & Regulations U.S. v. i. 396 Service stars... Length of service as letter carriers shall be indicated on the carriers' uniforms by stars.
2000 B. Ashabranner Date with Destiny ii. 23 Among her numerous military decorations are the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal..and the Vietnam Service Medal with four service stars.
service stripe n. chiefly U.S. Military a stripe worn on the sleeve of a uniform, indicating that an enlisted person has completed a certain number of years of service; = hash mark n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > insignia > [noun] > chevron or stripe
chevron1813
stripe1827
service stripe1861
hash mark1907
tape1943
rocker1944
1861 Disc. Anc. & Honorable Artillery Company (Boston) 55 The ‘old boys’, whose service-stripes cover the whole of the coat sleeve.
2001 J. H. Nankivell Buffalo Soldier Regiment xiii. 67 Huffman..carried so many service stripes on his arms that little of the sleeve showed.
service time n. the time at or during which divine service takes place.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > [noun] > time of service
service-whilec1400
service time1429
song-tide1853
1429 Will in Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. (1895) 5 298 (MED) ij taperis of waxe..oon stondyng at my hede, yat other at my feete, brennyng al the seruice tyme.
1582 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 420 Uppon the Soundaye..owt of service tyme.
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 149 She had never seen Robertson since his remarkable escape during service-time.
1992 Thompson Courier & Rake Reg. (Iowa) (Mil. section) 2 His funeral was held in Thompson..with all businesses and schools closed during service time.
service valet n. now U.S. a person engaged to work as a valet as part of a commercial service, such as valet parking, provided to clients (as distinct from working for a particular person).In earliest use: the valet of a service flat.
ΚΠ
1925 Strand Mag. Sept. 251/1 He left the service-valet in charge.
1979 Register (Orange County, Calif.) 5 Nov. (Classified Advertising section) 4/6 (advt.) Auto service valet. Dependable person with friendly personality. Full time. Varied duties, 5 day work week.
2015 Automotive News (Nexis) 13 July 49 He went to a Ford store in Colorado Springs, Colo., starting as a service valet before being promoted to Quick Lube adviser and finance-and-insurance assistant.
† service-while n. Obsolete the time during which divine service takes place; cf. service time n.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > [noun] > time of service
service-whilec1400
service time1429
song-tide1853
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 940 (MED) Ayþer halched oþer & seten soberly samen þe seruise-quyle.
1573 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 154 Hyr gesse compyng in sarves wylle.
1673 R. Leigh Transproser Rehears'd 83 Many a violent Cold occasioned by a Citizens sitting bare-headed all Service-while.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

servicen.2

Brit. /ˈsəːvɪs/, U.S. /ˈsərvəs/
Forms:

α. 1500s ceruyse, 1500s serues, 1500s seruisse, 1500s seruyce, 1500s seruys, 1500s servyse, 1500s–1600s ceruise, 1500s–1600s seruice, 1500s–1600s seruis, 1500s–1600s seruise, 1600s ceruice, 1600s cervice, 1600s cervise, 1600s serves, 1600s–1700s servise, 1600s (1800s U.S. regional) servis, 1600s– service, 1800s survice (U.S. regional).

β. 1500s saruis, 1500s sarves; U.S. regional 1700s sawice (perhaps transmission error), 1800s– sarvice, 1800s– sarvis, 1900s sarviss.

γ. 1500s soruice, 1600s sorveise, 1600s sorvice, 1600s sorvise.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: serve n.1
Etymology: < the plural of serve n.1, with widespread remodelling of the ending from an early date as a result of folk-etymological association with service n.1 Compare service tree n. and (with sense 2) sorb n.1The β. forms show lowering of the stressed vowel before r ; compare similar forms at e.g. serve v.1, heart n., etc. The γ. forms show remodelling after classical Latin sorbus sorb n.1 With sense 4 compare slightly earlier service-berry n. 2.
1. Any of various trees of the genus Sorbus (or, occasionally, of the related genus Crataegus); esp. the true service tree, S. domestica (in later use more fully true service).Recorded earliest in service tree n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > pear-tree > service-tree
service1510
service tree1510
sorb-apple1548
sorb1555
corm1578
whitty-treea1697
Sorbus1706
1510 J. Stanbridge Vocabula (new ed.) sig. D.j Arbutus, a seruys tree.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 265/1 Sarves, tree, alisier.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 269/2 Servyse, tree, alisier.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 72 Vpon the same stocke are graffed..the Medlar, and the Seruisse.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xv. xiii. 437 The fruit Sebesten..beeing graffed vpon Sorvices.
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva x. 59 The Service gives the Husbandman an early presage of the approaching Spring, by extending his adorned Buds for a peculiar entertainment.
1718 R. Bradley New Improvem. Planting & Gardening: Pt. 3 (ed. 2) 18 The L'Azzarole or Neapolitan Medlar is a kind of service, producing a very pleasant Fruit.
1787 J. Abercrombie Every Man his Own Gardener (ed. 11) 29 For standards, the principal sorts are apples, pears, plums, cherries, with smaller portions of quinces, medlars, mulberries, filberts, services, &c.
1826 Catal. Plants Garden Hort. Soc. 183 The True Service has the reputation of being the best of the class.
1873 F. H. Hooker & J. D. Hooker tr. E. Le Maout & J. Decaisne Gen. Syst. Bot. ii. 387 Pyrus (Sorbus) domestica (Service)... Wood very finely grained, and takes a good polish.
1907 Gardening Illustr. 28 Dec. 574/2 It [sc. the Wild Service] is, therefore, a more familiar tree than the True Service.
1939 Royal Rec. Tree Planting 62 In the Churchyard of St John's Parish Church [in Seaham Harbour]: 1 service (Sorbus domestica).
1994 P. Roper in Brit. Wildlife 6 14/2 For the purposes of this article, I have taken services as being those members of the genus Sorbus with ripe fruits ranging in colour from brown, through orange to yellow.
2. A fruit of a service tree, esp. Sorbus domestica or S. torminalis. Now rare.Now only in wild service: see wild service n. (b) at sense 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > fruit of service-tree
servec1350
aleysa1425
service1530
service-berry1552
service apple1600
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > fruit of service-tree
servec1350
aleysa1425
service1530
sorb1530
sorb-apple1548
corm1578
service apple1600
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement iii. f. lxv/2 Sarues frute, alise.
?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Eeiii Walnuttes, ceruyse, medlers, aples.
1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xxi. sig. K.iiv Ceruyces be in maner of lyke operacyon.
1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido iv. sig. Fv Browne Almonds, Seruises, ripe Figs and Dates.
1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. D3 The Soruice and Medlar, are much alike in nature, taste, and operation.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xix. v. 18 Divers there be, who after another sort make a confection thereof, namely with Quinces, with Sorvises, or Plums.
1612 H. Peacham Gentlemans Exercise ii. vii. 136 A basket of Seruises Medlers and Chestnuts.
1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece vi. 452 A Fruit,..not much bigger than Cervices.
1780 W. Coxe Acct. Russ. Discov. 56 They also feed upon several species of roots and berries, namely, cloud-berries,..and services.
1864 Gardeners' Chron. & Agric. Gaz. 18 June 578/1 In fruit like Services and Medlars, where the process of bletting takes place, and without which the fruit is not eatable.
1903 Enquire within upon Everything (ed. 100) 17/2 Fruit [in season in September].—..Quinces, services, walnuts.
3. wild service n. †(a) the European mountain ash (or rowan), Sorbus aucuparia (cf. wild service tree n. (a) at service tree n. 2a) (obsolete); (b) the wild service tree Sorbus torminalis (see wild service tree n. (b) at service tree n. 2a); a fruit of this tree; †(c) a tree or shrub of the genus Amelanchier (see service-berry n. 2) (obsolete rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > berry-bush or -tree > [noun] > wild service-tree
wild service tree1597
wild service1633
sorb1777
whitten pear tree1830
1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) iii. 1473/2 The wilde Ash or Quicken Tree Pena setteth forth for the wilde Seruice.
1695 in E. Gibson tr. W. Camden Britannia 339/2 Sorbus torminalis Ger. The common wild Service or Sorb.
1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 300 There are several other Trees and Shrubs which are now in Flower, as..wild Service or Quick-beam.
1785 H. Marshall Arbustrum Americanum 90 Mespilus nivea. Early ripe, Esculent fruited Medlar, or wild Service.
1822 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening iii. i. 893 Wild services, cloudberries, bilberries, cranberries, hips, and haws.
1907 Country Life 12 Jan. 45/1 The species of pyrus described at length are the true service, the wild service,..the Swedish whitebeam, the bastard mountain ash and the whitebeam.
1983 Internat. Dendrol. Soc. Year Bk. 1982 76 An elderly acquaintance tells me that each member of his family used to have a stick of Wild Services..and that he used to eat just one or two berries a day throughout the winter.
2013 Q. Jrnl. Forestry Oct. 314/2 Holbrook Park..includes some other significant tree species including wild service (Sorbus torminalis), hornbeam and small leaved lime (Tilia cordata).
4. Chiefly U.S. Any of various North American shrubs and small trees of the genus Amelanchier; the edible purple fruit of any of these plants; = service-berry n. 2.Recorded earliest in wild service n. (c) at sense 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > other berries
blueberry1594
hedge-berry1607
elderberry1625
huckleberry1670
bearberry1677
cloudberry1743
baked apple1750
pembina1760
service1785
honeyberry1787
nub-berry1794
bluet1812
noop1817
squawberry1829
quandong1836
miro1838
strawberry guava1901
squash-berry1935
tayberry1977
tummelberry1984
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > service-berry or shadbush
service1785
saskatoon1802
service-berry1805
Juneberry1810
shad-blossoma1817
shad-flower1817
shad-bush1818
grape-pear1840
service tree1844
shad-blow1846
saskatoon berry1887
veitchberry1913
Indian pear1956
1785 H. Marshall Arbustrum Americanum 90 Mespilus nivea. Early ripe, Esculent fruited Medlar, or wild Service.
1860 M. A. Curtis Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. North Carolina: Bot. 68 Service Berry... Universally known in our Mountains under the name of Sarvices.
1899 Forest & Stream 11 Feb. 105/3 But that is the way sarvises have been eaten for a hundred years.
1924 J. W. Raine Land of Saddle Bags 22 In the spring the delicate tan fluff of the beeches, the red flowering of maples, the feathery white blossoms of the ‘sarviss’, are succeeded by the redbud's blaze of purple.
1983 Internat. Dendrol. Soc. Year Bk. 1982 77 The North American Shad-bushes, Amelanchier spp,..are also known in the USA and Canada as Services.
2001 S. House Clay's Quilt 211 The first trees to show their new colors—sarvis, redbud, and dogwood—were in bloom.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.See also service-berry n.
ΚΠ
1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) Seruise bery. Sorbum... Corme.
1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica at Sorva A seruice fruite, Sorbum.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xvi. xliii. 493 As for the Ash,..better it is than Hazell, lighter than the Corneil, and more gentle and pliable than the Servise wood.
1772 J. Leslie Killarney 19 Deep blushing near, the Service-fruit repays The woodland warblers wild.
1813 H. Davies Welsh Botanol. 48 P[yrus] torminalis; Wild Service Pear-tree; Cerddinen wyllt.
1866 T. O. Cockayne Leechdoms, Wortcunning, & Starcraft III. 334/1 It bears service pears.
1871 M. M. Hartog tr. H. Baillon Nat. Hist. Plants I. 445 To Rosaceæ belong the numerous species and varieties of Pears, Apples, Quinces, Medlars, Service-fruit (Sorbes, Cormes), Plums, [etc.].
1971 J. Grigson Good Things 506 (heading) Sorb, medlar, and wild service liqueurs.
1994 P. Roper in Brit. Wildlife 6 18/1 (heading) Service wood.
C2.
service apple n. now historical and rare the fruit of the true service tree, Sorbus domestica; = sorb-apple n. [Originally after classical Latin sorbus sorb n.1; compare earlier sorb n.1 1, sorb-apple n., and service-berry n. 1a.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > fruit of service-tree
servec1350
aleysa1425
service1530
service-berry1552
service apple1600
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > fruit of service-tree
servec1350
aleysa1425
service1530
sorb1530
sorb-apple1548
corm1578
service apple1600
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. iii. 116 Before they be ripe they taste somewhat like vnto Seruice-apples [L. sorbi].
1704 tr. L. Lémery Treat. Foods i. xxiv. 43 Service-Apples [Fr. Sorbes] are astringent, because they contain gross and tartarous parts, which fix and embarass the sharp and over-thin Humours.
1820 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 122 (note) The baskets which held the cheeses, chesnuts, and dried service-apples.
1926 Classical Jrnl. 21 448 Service apples, elderberry, and the black mulberry were also native.
2002 L. Moulin Eating & Drinking in Europe v. i. 230/1 They drank perry, made with water passed over the grape marc and made a drink with service apples or pears, tart bunches of grapes and wild fruit.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

servicev.

Brit. /ˈsəːvɪs/, U.S. /ˈsərvəs/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: service n.1
Etymology: < service n.1 Compare earlier serve v.1
1.
a. transitive. To be of service to or perform a service for (a person). rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > serve [verb (transitive)]
theowtenc1175
servec1300
deserve1382
service1602
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > be useful to [verb (transitive)] > provide a service to
service1602
serve1629
1602 J. Rider Friendly Caveat to Irelands Catholickes sig. V4v Hee hath some other thing as foolish and as vntrue, or else he had not been made Archbishop for his paines, wherein he greatlie serviced the Pope.
1643 J. Audeley Let. 11 Mar. in S. Glover Hist. County of Derby (1829) I. 79 Thrice have I beene actually taken..but yet I live to service your ladyship next to God and my king.
1822 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Wasps in tr. Aristophanes Comedies II. 262 I summon 'fore the Court Defendant's witnesses. The platter will come forth, the pestle, scraper,..and all such implements As aught can service the defence.
1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xvi. 178 If I am to service ye the way that you propose, I'll lose my lifelihood.
1999 R. Madigan & M. Munro in T. Chapman & J. Hockey Ideal Homes? v. 68 Women in particular, because of their role in servicing others, need time of their own as well as a place of their own.
b. transitive. spec. Somewhat euphemistically: to give sexual gratification to (a person); esp. to perform oral sex on (a man).Perhaps partly a figurative use of sense 3a. Cf. also sense 6b.
ΚΠ
1944 M. Shulman Feather Merchants iv. 17 They called me ‘Hot Helen’ then. Sometimes just ‘Hot’. I serviced 'em all—kings and stevedores, bankers and draymen.
1972 ‘Coop’ Sexy Southern Boy ii. 30 In this job, you may sometimes have to service straight men, so I like to check out your technique with one of them.
2003 N.Y. Mag. 8 Sept. 28/3 Nick Scotti..appeared on Sex and the City last season as a delivery man who gets orally serviced by Kim Cattrall.
2. transitive. To supply or equip (a person or thing) with something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything
feather?c1225
serve?c1225
astore1297
purveya1325
purveyc1325
warnishc1330
supply1384
bego1393
garnish?a1400
stuff14..
instore1432
relievec1480
providec1485
appurvey1487
support?1507
furnishc1515
repair1518
supply1529
speed1531
help (a person) to (also with)1569
sort1598
suffice1600
enduea1616
starta1640
employ1690
find1713
to fix out1725
issue1737
service1969
1893 M. Clarke Chidiock Tichbourne i. 5 God willing, and this vile knave here being serviced with due materials, I will brew thee..such a morning cup of Muscadine as shall set thy brain pan bubbling.
1918 Office Appliances Feb. 37/2 Every facility for proper physical care is given, including sanitary drinking fountains on each floor serviced with iced water filtered through their own equipment.
1969 Daily Tel. 6 Oct. 9/6 It is a proper function of local theatres to service their audiences with the latest in world taste.
2004 D. Edmonds & J. Eidinow Bobby Fischer goes to War xxii. 269 Scores of informers serviced them with information.
3. Originally U.S.
a. transitive. To perform (typically routine) maintenance or repair work on (a vehicle, machine, appliance, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [verb (transitive)]
beetc975
menda1200
amenda1250
rightc1275
botcha1382
reparela1382
cure1382
repaira1387
dighta1400
emend1411
to mend up1479
restablishc1500
help1518
trimc1520
redub1522
reparate1548
accommodate1552
reinstaure1609
reconcinnate1623
to do up1647
righta1656
fixa1762
doctor1829
vamp1837
service1916
rejig1976
1916 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 17 Dec. (Outing section) 56/3 Fetter gleaned much valuable information as to preparing for servicing cars in the future.
1926 Pop. Sci. Monthly Oct. 25/1 You must pick out a good oil burner, and you must make sure that the burner will be properly installed and serviced.
1949 ‘G. Orwell’ Nineteen Eighty-four ii. 131 She enjoyed her work, which consisted chiefly in running and servicing a powerful but tricky electric motor.
2000 Gas Installer (CORGI) Mar. 19/2 An improvement notice was issued by the HSE following a complaint by a tenant that his gas fire and boiler had not been serviced since October 1997.
b. transitive. To pay interest on (a loan or debt); to arrange necessary payments in regard to (a loan, mortgage, or similar financial arrangement).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > payment of debt > pay debt [verb (transitive)] > pay interest on debt
service1927
1927 Evening Huronite (S. Dakota) 31 Jan. 3/2 Seventy per cent of all revenues go to servicing this loan.
1935 N.Y. Times 1 Jan. 45/4 The fee to the Prudence Company for servicing the mortgage is to be reduced from the customary one-half of 1 per cent to three-eights [sic] of 1 per cent.
1952 Times 1 Aug. 9/2 Nobody oversea will ever accept the idea that a company which has all the pesetas it could want should be bankrupted in Spain..because the Spanish Government has not allowed it to buy sterling to service a sterling debt.
2004 M. Lee in G. D. Squires Why the Poor pay More viii. 196 The methodology for servicing subprime loans..is similar in the United States, Thailand, and elsewhere.
c. transitive. To deal with (something) according to an established procedure; to process.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > subject to action or operation > subject to a process
medicatec1660
treat1816
process1881
service1948
1948 Centralia (Illinois) Sentinel 25 Sept. (Final ed.) 8/7 Grunwald could count on a few months longer stay in the U. S. while his application is being serviced.
1971 D. Potter Brit. Elizabethan Stamps vi. 70 A Post Office First-Day Cover service was available, and no charge was made if the envelope carried sufficient postage. The complete set was serviced for the cost of the envelope and the stamps.
2007 Canberra Times (Nexis) 2 Sept. a22 I reached the counter at 4.05pm only to be told..to read the sign on the wall that notes passport applications are not serviced after 4pm.
4. transitive. To meet, supply, or cater for (a need, requirement, etc.).
ΚΠ
1928 Olean (N.Y.) Evening Times 4 Apr. (Final ed.) 7/4 (advt.) Our reputation for servicing customers [sic] needs extends back many years.
1969 D. Widgery in A. Cockburn & R. Blackburn Student Power 139 It is unlikely that a radical Executive would be able to..service the entirely different attitude of the apolitical small colleges.
2008 Torres News (Thursday Island, Queensland) 23 Apr. 15/2 (advt.) The calling of local government councillors requires..substantial evening and weekend work to service the community's requirements.
5. transitive. To supply and maintain a public utility, such as water, transport, power, etc., in or to (a location, region, or community). Of a public utility or other facility: to be available for use by (a community) or within or from (a location or region).
ΚΠ
1938 E. Liverpool (Ohio) Rev. 19 Apr. (Home ed.) 2/3 Twenty-three property-owners..requested construction of a branch sewer servicing their region.
1947 Garfieldian (Chicago) 4 Dec. 1/4 He has recommended to the board that..buses be installed to service outlying areas.
1955 News of North (Yellowknife, N.W.T.) 18 Nov. 1/5 A new town house, available to water and sewer service, would be assessed at a much higher rate than duplicate property in a part of the town not serviced this way.
1974 R. Adams Shardik lviii. 518 How many permanent camps or staging-forts would be needed to service a regular trade-route?
2009 Tel. & Gaz. (Worcester, Mass.) 22 Jan. b1 He was staying at a friend's house in Gardner, a city serviced by National Grid.
6.
a. transitive. Of a male animal, esp. a stallion, bull, etc., kept for breeding: to copulate with (a female). Cf. serve v.1 19a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [verb (transitive)] > copulate with
entera1425
alignc1425
line1495
cover1535
serve1577
befilth1593
topa1616
back1658
strenea1728
mate1932
service1947
1947 Brainerd (Minnesota) Daily Disp. 5 Mar. This sire..will be servicing your herd if an Artificial Breeding association is formed in this county and you choose to be a member.
1976 T. Heald Let Sleeping Dogs Die iv. 78 One dog could presumably service several bitches in a day.
2003 B. Hazeltine & C. Bull Field Guide Appropriate Technol. iii. 427 Do not have cows serviced by too young a bull.
b. transitive. In extended use: (of a man) to have penetrative sexual intercourse with (a woman).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > have sexual intercourse with > specifically of a man
jape1382
overliec1400
swivec1405
foilc1440
overlay?a1475
bed1548
possess1592
knock1598
to get one's leg over1599
enjoy1602
poke1602
thrum1611
topa1616
riga1625
swingea1640
jerk1650
night-work1654
wimble1656
roger1699
ruta1706
tail1778
to touch up1785
to get into ——c1890
root1922
to knock up1934
lay1934
pump1937
prong1942
nail1948
to slip (someone) a length1949
to knock off1953
thread1958
stuff1960
tup1970
nut1971
pussy1973
service1973
1973 W. H. Canaway Harry doing Good ii. v. 188 I knew a feller that married a twin. Identical. He was getting worn out..till he found out he was servicing both of these twins.
2008 A. Lister Swingers: Female Confidential 139 Robert said he wouldn't object to Tom servicing me.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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