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单词 sere
释义

seren.1

Forms: Also 1600s seere, serre, sear(e.
Etymology: < Old French serre, verbal noun < serre-r to hold fast, shut < popular Latin serrāre , altered form of late Latin serāre , < sera bolt, bar. Compare sear n.1
Obsolete.
A claw, talon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > body and limbs > [noun] > paw or foot > foot with claws > talon or claw
clawa700
clivera1000
naillOE
cleafre?c1225
cleche?c1225
crook?c1225
clutchc1230
cleec1250
pawc1330
cromea1400
clawrec1400
pouncea1475
talons?a1475
ungle1481
ongle1484
gripe1578
sere1606
unce1609
pouncer1704
unguisc1790
griff1820
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iv. 5 A payr of busie chattering Pies, Seeing some hardie Tercell, from the skies To stoop with rau'nous seres, feele a chill feare.
1618 G. Chapman tr. Hesiod Georgicks i. 318 The Hauke once, hauing trust vp in his Seres, The sweet-tun'd Nightingale.
1683 London Gaz. No. 1799/4 Lost near Cadnam.., a thorough mewed Falcon, the Feet and Sear very yellow.
1864 J. R. Lowell McClellan's Rep. in Wks. (1890) V. 94 Every excuse was invented..except the true one, that our chicken was no eagle after all. He was hardening his seres, he was waiting for his wings to grow [etc.].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

seren.2

Brit. /sɪə/, U.S. /sɪ(ə)r/
Etymology: < Latin serĕre to join in a series.
Ecology.
A series of plant communities, each naturally succeeding the previous one.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > balance of nature > [noun] > replacement of one species by another > sere
lithosere1916
prisere1916
psammosere1916
sere1916
subsere1916
halosere1929
plagiosere1935
1916 F. E. Clements Plant Succession i. 4 A sere is a unit succession. It comprises the development of a formation from the appearance of the first pioneers through the final or climax stage.
1940 Geogr. Jrnl. 96 8 The seres which follow the destruction of climax vegetation in the alpine region [of the Himalayas] vary.
1960 N. Polunin Introd. Plant Geogr. xi. 323 Such is succession, the developmental series of communities constituting a sere and leading up to a state of relative stability and permanence known as the climax.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

seresearadj.1

Brit. /sɪə/, U.S. /sɪ(ə)r/
Forms: Old English séar, síere, Middle English–1600s seare, seere, Middle English–1700s seer, Middle English seyr, 1500s seyre, 1500s–1600s seir(e, 1600s–1800s (dialect) sare, Middle English– sere, 1500s– sear.
Etymology: Old English séar corresponds to Middle Low German sôr (Low German soor), Dutch zoor < Germanic *sauzo- < Indogermanic *sausó-, whence Lithuanian saũsas, Old Church Slavonic suχŭ, Greek αὖος dry, Sanskrit çōsha drying up, withering. Old English seems to have had also a synonymous derivative síere ( < *sauzjo-), which in later English would be represented by the same form as séar. Earlier currency of the compound Sere-month (as a name for June rather than August) is perhaps implied by G. Hickes's record of the Old English month names (perhaps relying on a lost manuscript):1703 G. Hickes Thesaurus I. 215 (table) Junius... Sere-monað. Mid-su[m]or-monaþ, Ærra liþa, Iunius monaþ.Although it is included in Bosworth-Toller and later dictionaries of Old English, the word is apparently not attested in any extant manuscript from the Old English period.
1.
a. Dry, withered. Now poetic or rhetorical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [adjective] > dried (up) > withered
sere824
withered1488
seared1538
forwithered1563
824 Grant in Birch Cartul. Sax. I. 515 Hit stent on þam sieran boc hagan.
a1000 Gloss. Prudent. in Germania (1878) XI. 402 Steriles, seare.
a1400 K. Alis. (Bodl.) 4425 Þe spere crakeþ also þicke So on hegge sere stykke.
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 28 Seyr and drye membyrs.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Oi And that apereth in ye tree of nature, which..in wynter..semeth seire [1531 seyre], drye, and in maner as deed.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. ii. 19 He is deformed, crooked, old, and sere . View more context for this quotation
1620 F. Quarles Feast for Wormes C 4 Will greene wood burne, when so vnapt's the seire?
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Thatching When they [Withs] are grown Sear they will fly and break.
1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude i. 6 Now here, now there, an acorn, from its cup Dislodged, through sere leaves rustled.
1901 F. H. Trench Deirdre Wed 12 Aghast, the woman Fumbled at her sere breast, and wept.
b. transferred and figurative, and in figurative context.
ΚΠ
1530 Bible (Tyndale) Gen. xlvii. f. lxxij (margin) To sucke out ye iuce of them with their poetrye, till all be seer bowes and no thinge greene save their awne comenwelth.
1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 93v Receyue me to thy carelesse Couch in sere and silent night.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iii. 25 I haue liu'd long enough: my way of life Is falne into the Seare, the yellow Leafe. View more context for this quotation
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter ii. 13 The house that grows sere, needs supporters.
1795 S. T. Coleridge Sonn. to Southey Till sickly Passion's drooping Myrtles sear Blossom anew.
1837 N. Wiseman St. Eliz. of Hungary in Ess. (1853) III. 226 The rude materialities of life in this sear generation.
1880 O. W. Holmes Shadows 18 Some locks had got silvered, some lives had grown sere.
c. absol. (Cf. quot. a1616 at sense 1b.)
ΚΠ
1791 W. Taylor tr. Lessing Nathan iv. (1886) 133 In my sear of life An Assad blossoms for me.
1890 J. Watson Confessions Poacher (1893) 74 By the third week of October, the yellow and sere of the year has come.
2. Of textile fabrics: Thin, worn. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric with specific qualities > [adjective] > other
pallenOE
richa1200
sere1523
fleecy1790
tortile1835
unwashable1839
suede1864
uncrushable1873
suede leather1882
flouncy1900
sewable1972
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > by loss of material or wasted > worn > worn bare > threadbare
threadbare1362
bare1483
bare (also) worn to the thread1483
peeled?a1513
sere1523
pilled1548
napless1596
thready1910
1523 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 35 An Olde Seer dyapur Towell.
1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Dict. at Raça de panno The place where cloth is seere or thinne.
a1631 J. Donne Elegies i, in Poems (1633) 44 If swolne with poyson, hee lay in his last bed, His body with a sere-barke covered.
1736 S. Pegge Alphabet of Kenticisms (E.D.S.) 45 My coat is very sare.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere v, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 27 The roaring wind..shook the sails That were so thin and sere.

Compounds

General attributive.
C1. Forming parasynthetic adjectives.
sere-coloured adj.
ΚΠ
1901 Westm. Gaz. 29 May 2/1 The background of sere-coloured autumn foliage suggests the passing of a glorious summer day.
sere-leaved adj.
ΚΠ
1885 D. Lindsay in D. H. Edwards Mod. Sc. Poets 8th Ser. 337 Sear-leaved decline does o'er the woodlands steal.
sere-souled adj. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1659 H. M. Pair Spectacles for Purblind Nation 4 Tell us you Sear-soul'd men that will swear pro and con, tell me what an oath is?
C2.
sere-dried adj. Obsolete dried to excess.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [adjective] > dried (up) > excessively
sere-dried1658
1658 G. Starkey Natures Explic. 62 Hay, which if sear-dryed in the Sun, is half in half damnified.
C3. in syntactical combinations formerly often hyphenated or written as single words.
sere tree n.
ΚΠ
a1625 J. Fletcher Wit without Money (1639) iii. sig. E2 Old age like Seer trees, is seldom seene affected.
sere wood n.
ΚΠ
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads i. 449 The Priest, with small sere wood Did sacrifice.
1700 J. Dryden Flower & Leaf in Fables 398 The Lawrel-Champions..Serewood from the rotten Hedges took.
1784 J. Cullum Hist. & Antiq. Hawsted in Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica No. 23. 173 The wood-stealers always tell you they never take any but sear wood.
C4. Obsolete.
Sere month n. a name for August.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > a month or calendar month > specific months > [noun] > August
AugustOE
Lammas-montha1387
Sere montha1697
a1697 J. Aubrey Remaines Gentilisme & Judaisme (1881) 123 Proverbs... Item. Good to cut Briars in the Sere month (i.) August.
C5.
sereward adv. towards decay (rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adverb] > in decayed manner > towards decay
sereward1901
1901 T. Hardy Poems Past & Present 142 The sun and shadows wheel, Season and season sereward steal.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sereadv.adj.2

Forms: Middle English ser, Middle English–1500s seir, Middle English–1500s, 1700s (dialect) sere, Middle English seyre, schere, Middle English, 1600s, 1800s (dialect) seer, Middle English–1500s seyr, Middle English, 1600s seere, 1500s seare, shear.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse sér.
Etymology: < Old Norse sér, originally dative of the reflexive pronoun (accusative sik, genitive sín); the sense ‘for oneself’ gave rise in Old Norse to the adverbial meaning ‘separately, apart’ (also in compounds, e.g. sérdeilis partly, sérligr particular); the further development into an adjective is peculiar to English. Compare Danish sær singular, Danish især, Swedish sär particularly.
Obsolete (? exc. dialect).
A. adv.
a. Separately, severally. sere twice, on two separate occasions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > on two occasions, twice, or for a second time
eftc825
eftsoonc1000
twicec1122
eft-sitha1300
secondly1382
twice1382
sere twicea1400
secondarilyc1475
eftersoonsc1540
secondarly1543
severallya1577
twicea1656
bis1877
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adverb] > individually (not collectively)
sunderlyeOE
sundryOE
sundrilyOE
sunderlepesOE
serelepesc1175
serelya1375
severinglya1390
sunderlingc1390
properlya1393
serea1400
severally1399
departinglya1425
diviselyc1449
severately1470
sunderwisea1550
separately1552
disjunctively1590
semovedly1593
distributively1597
particular1599
dividedly1607
dividually1631
separatively1789
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > two > [adverb] > twice
twiea900
twicec1122
sere twicea1400
two timesa1450
twicea1656
bis1877
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > [adverb] > apart or asunder
sundereOE
asunderOE
asunderOE
a-twoc1270
a-twin1303
in sundera1387
serea1400
disjointc1430
sunderwisec1440
bysondre1496
apart1608
a-twain1870
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4231 His oþer suns com ilkan sere For to mend þair fader chere.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1522 I haf seten by your-self here sere twyes, Ȝet herde I neuer of your hed helde no wordeȝ Þat euer longed to luf.
c1440 York Myst. ii. 20 Þe water I will be set to flowe bothe fare and nere, And þan þe firmament, in mydis to set þame sere.
b. ? ‘All told’, in all.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > the whole or all > [adverb] > in all or altogether
albedenec1175
by sumc1540
altogethers1595
serea1600
altogether1653
a1600 Floddan Field (1664) iii. 30 The number did but mount To six and twenty thousand seere.
B. adj.2
1. Separate, distinct; each in particular, single.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or distinct
sunderlyeOE
sundryOE
serec1175
proper1340
serelepesa1400
sundrylepesc1400
sunderlepesa1450
peculiar1509
several1533
unconfounded1577
well-distinguished1594
articulate1603
unconfused1609
inconfused1626
separate1691
demarcated1862
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [adjective] > individual or single
oneOE
singularc1340
particulara1387
serea1400
serelepya1400
several1448
single?a1475
individual1593
numerical1643
versal1709
varsal1751
separate1907
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 18653 Forr ser iss sune. & faderr ser. & ser iss þeȝȝre baþre. All mahhtiȝ gast.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 5894 Men sal alswa yhelde rekkenynges sere Of al gudes þat God has gefen þam here.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5461 His suns blessed he on rau, He gaue ilkan seir benissun.
a1400 Rel. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. v. 64 Jhesu, joyne þi lufe in my thoghte, Swa þat þay neuer be sere.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 1 Instrumentes for euery sere archer to brynge with him, proper for his owne vse.
1565 J. Calfhill Aunswere Treat. Crosse f. 130v Traditions in euery age with euery sere byshop [haue] varied.
2. Divers, various, sundry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective]
sunderlyeOE
manifoldeOE
selcoutha1000
felefoldc1000
mislichOE
alkinOE
manykinOE
fele-kync1175
serekina1300
sundera1325
sundrya1325
serea1340
divers1340
varyingc1340
variantc1380
muchfoldc1384
serelepesa1400
serelepya1400
multifaryc1460
sundryfoldc1460
multiplicate?a1475
variable?a1475
sundrilyc1480
diversea1542
particoloured1591
multifarious1593
Protean1594
daedal1596
choiceful1605
Daedalian1605
multiplex1606
variated1608
diversified1611
multiplicious1617
variousa1634
multivarious1636
mosaic1644
multiple1647
omnigenous1650
chequered1656
plurifarious1656
ununiform1660
variate1677
disuniform1687
Proteusian1689
unsteady1690
unequable1693
inequable1721
variegating1727
varied1733
multitudinous1744
multifold1806
polygeneous1818
unequalized1822
ruleless1836
varicoloured185.
non-uniform1856
omnigener1857
polytypic1858
multiferous1860
variatious1871
variegated1872
polytypical1890
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > [adjective] > of several kinds
manifoldeOE
serea1340
several1509
various1696
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cl. 4 Orgyns þat is made as a toure of sere whistils.
c1375 Lay Folks Mass-bk. (MS. B.) 70 I have synned largely, In mony synnes sere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2 And romans red on maneres sere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6840 Your land yee sal sau seuen yeir, And scer þar-of your corns seir.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 262 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 307 Þe boke hym calles a chorle of chere, That vylany spekes be wemen sere.
1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Biiijv That your vertew is singuler and seir May wholly all in them be also found.
1691 J. Ray N. Country Words (E.D.S.)
1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 426 Sere, several.
1829 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (new ed.) 261.

Compounds

sere-coloured adj. parti-coloured.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > variegation > [adjective]
fawa700
medleyc1350
freckledc1380
motleyc1380
pied1382
specked1382
vary1382
partyc1385
parted1393
peckleda1400
polymitec1425
sere-colouredc1425
vairc1425
discoloured?1440
motleyed1447
varying1488
sheld1507
fleckered1508
piet1508
mellay1515
particoloured1530
pickled1552
varied1578
mingled1580
partly coloured1582
chequered1592
medley-coloured1593
mingle-coloured1593
piebald1594
feathered1610
changeable1612
particolour1612
enamelled1613
variousa1618
pie-coloured1619
jaspered1620
gangean1623
versicolour1628
patchwork1634
damasked1648
variously-coloureda1660
variegateda1661
agated1665
varicoloured1665
damaska1674
various-coloureda1711
pieted1721
versicoloured1721
diversicoloured1756
mosaic1776
harlequin1779
spanged1788
calico1807
piety1811
varied-coloured1811
discolorate1826
heterochromous1842
jaspé1851
discolor1859
discolorous1860
jasperoid1876
damascened1879
heterochromatic1895
variotinted1903
batik1914
varihued1921
rumbled1930
damasky1931
pepper-and-salt1940
partihued1959
c1425 St. Mary of Oignies ii. i, in Anglia VIII. 151/5 A cote sere-colerd comynge to þe helys.
sere-wise adv. (also on sere-wise) in divers ways.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adverb]
manifoldlyeOE
mislicheeOE
sere-wise1340
in (also on, by) sundry wisea1393
in sundry waysa1393
manifolda1400
manifoldwise1440
multifarya1450
sunderly?a1450
multiplyingly1483
sundrilya1500
several1551
changeably1567
sundrywise1591
severally1605
variously1627
miscellaneously1639
multifariously1657
variedly1827
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3261 Þus sal þai on sere-wyse pyned be, Sum many wynter for þair syn.
c1480 (a1400) St. Margaret 515 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 62 Hyre prayere quhen scho had ser-wyse to god deuotely mad, a licht of hewine rathly schane.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.11606n.21916adj.1824adv.adj.2c1175
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