请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 set
释义

setn.1

Brit. /sɛt/, U.S. /sɛt/
Forms: Also Middle English sete, Middle English–1500s sette, (1500s seat), Middle English– (now prevalent in many technical senses) sett.
Etymology: < set v.1, partly directly from the verb-stem, and partly a substantive use of set adj.1; the two formations cannot always be distinguished. Old English had set (neuter) seat (in singular place of setting of the sun; in plural setu , seotu collective in the senses camp, stable or cowhouse), corresponding to Old High German seȥ (neuter) seat (Middle High German seȥ (neuter, masculine) seat, siege, modern German sess (masculine), seat), Old Norse set (neuter) abode < Germanic *seto-m , < *set- : see sit v. It is doubtful whether this survived beyond Old English; the rare early Middle English sette seat appears to be (as the rhyme shows in one instance) an irregular spelling for sete seat n. Sense 1 below can hardly have been influenced by the Old English word, as this occurs (in singular) only in phrases e.g. to sete gán (= to set), and the dative noun would have become sēte in early Middle English. On the other hand, sense 1 may be partly due to an adoption of Old Norse -setr (neuter), -seta (feminine) (in dagsetr , sólarsetr , -seta : see sunset n. and compare saeter n.), which are cognate with Old English set.
I. The action of setting or condition of being set.
1.
a. The act of setting (of a luminary); the apparent descent of the heavenly bodies towards the horizon at the close of their diurnal period. Now only poetic except in sunset n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [noun] > set
setc1386
descensiona1398
settinga1400
resconsing1503
declination?1504
fall1549
retreat1601
obit1656
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > sunset
sunsetOE
settle-gangc1000
evensongc1330
sun going downa1382
setc1386
decline14..
sun restc1405
sun gate down1440
sunsetting1440
sun sitting?a1475
falling1555
sunsetting1575
downsetting1582
sunfall1582
declining1588
sun go down1595
tramontation1599
vail1609
daylight gate1613
sundown1620
set of day1623
dayset1633
day shutting1673
sky setting1683
sun-under1865
c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 718 At day set he on his way is goon.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 257 Riht evene upon the Sonne set.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2045 And so to sett of þe son sesid þai neuire.
1592 S. Daniel Complaint Rosamond in Wks. (1717) 39 This fair Morning had a shameful Set.
1594 M. Drayton Ideas Mirrour sig. H Till mee, if euer since the world begunne, So faire a Morning had so foule a set?
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 269 But [the King] like a Lacquey, from the Rise to Set, Sweates in the eye of Phebus. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. i. 5 That will be ere the set of Sunne. View more context for this quotation
1618 G. Chapman tr. Hesiod Georgicks ii. 366 The Seuen-stars, and the Fiue, That twixt the Bulls hornes, at their set arriue.
1655 Ld. Orrery Parthenissa IV. ii. vii. 704 The Sun was five hours from his Set.
1724 A. Ramsay Vision in Ever Green I. xvii Frae the sun's rysing to his sett.
1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Purgatorio xviii. 80 When they of Rome behold him [the sun] at his set Betwixt Sardinia and the Corsic isle.
1834 A. E. Bray Warleigh III. vi. 74 The sun had already made a ‘fiery set’.
1845 C. Sumner True Grandeur Nations (1846) 13 Between the rise and set of a single sun.
b. set of day n. (a) the time at which the sun sets; (b) the west.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > sun > solar movement > [noun] > setting
sunsetOE
going downa1382
downhielda1400
downfalling1422
downgate1440
gate-downc1440
sunsetting1440
going under1490
occasionc1540
going to1581
setting sun1591
set of day1623
earthrise1918
the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > West > [noun]
westc1300
Occidentc1390
ponent1538
west1564
sunsetting1571
setting sun1590
set of day1623
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > sunset
sunsetOE
settle-gangc1000
evensongc1330
sun going downa1382
setc1386
decline14..
sun restc1405
sun gate down1440
sunsetting1440
sun sitting?a1475
falling1555
sunsetting1575
downsetting1582
sunfall1582
declining1588
sun go down1595
tramontation1599
vail1609
daylight gate1613
sundown1620
set of day1623
dayset1633
day shutting1673
sky setting1683
sun-under1865
1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Ded. xv Thou..shalt..Extend thy fame fro Set to Spring of day.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Adeline in Poems 70 Looking at the set of day.
1868 J. T. Nettleship Ess. Browning's Poetry v. 127 At set of day.
1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche i. xxiii. 10 Looked left and right to rise and set of day.
c. figurative of the close of life.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [noun]
hensithOE
qualmOE
bale-sithea1000
endingc1000
fallOE
forthsitheOE
soulingOE
life's endOE
deathOE
hethensithc1200
last end?c1225
forthfarec1275
dying1297
finec1300
partingc1300
endc1305
deceasec1330
departc1330
starving1340
passingc1350
latter enda1382
obita1382
perishingc1384
carrion1387
departing1388
finishmentc1400
trespassement14..
passing forthc1410
sesse1417
cess1419
fininga1425
resolutiona1425
departisona1450
passagea1450
departmentc1450
consummation?a1475
dormition1483
debt to (also of) naturea1513
dissolutionc1522
expirationa1530
funeral?a1534
change1543
departure1558
last change1574
transmigration1576
dissolving1577
shaking of the sheets?1577
departance1579
deceasure1580
mortality1582
deceasing1591
waftage1592
launching1599
quietus1603
doom1609
expire1612
expiring1612
period1613
defunctiona1616
Lethea1616
fail1623
dismissiona1631
set1635
passa1645
disanimation1646
suffering1651
abition1656
Passovera1662
latter (last) end1670
finis1682
exitus1706
perch1722
demission1735
demise1753
translation1760
transit1764
dropping1768
expiry1790
departal1823
finish1826
homegoing1866
the last (also final, great) round-up1879
snuffing1922
fade-out1924
thirty1929
appointment in Samarra1934
dirt nap1981
big chill1987
1635 A. Stafford Femall Glory 13 Anna..being then in the occident, or set of life.
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 6 Yet can they never deny but that admired serenity had its set in a cloud.
2. ? A setting oneself to fight, encounter, attack. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun]
fightc893
coursec1325
stourc1325
acounterc1330
meetingc1330
setc1330
showera1375
brusha1400
semblya1400
hosting1422
poynyec1425
conflictc1440
militancea1460
grate1460
rencounter1471
chaplea1500
flitea1513
concourse?1520
concursion1533
rescounter1543
spurnc1560
rencontrea1572
discourse1573
action1579
combat1582
opposition1598
do1915
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15658 Wyþ Cadwaly so harde he met, & Cadwalyn fley atte ferste set.
3.
a. Letting, lease. Scottish. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1439 in J. D. Marwick Charters Edinb. (1871) 64 Sindry alde charteris, takis, and settis of feefedorme made to thaim.
1471 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 14/2 Þat he sall haue na dale nor entrometing þarwith..without þt he optene tak & set þarof.
1476 in T. Thomson Acts Lords Auditors (1839) 41/1 Dauid allegiand at þe said landis of logycarroch belangit him be Resone of Sete.
1583 Exch. Rolls Scot. XXI. 564 Thair was ane set maid of the kingis majesties landis.
a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 11 Be whome they might gett a new sett and possessioun of thay teind fisches.
a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) 452 He should not delapidate his Benefice..nor make any set, or disposition thereof.
1886 Act 49 & 50 Vict. c. 50 §3 ‘Lease’ [in this Act] shall include tack and set.]
b. (Usually sett.) A mining lease. Chiefly Cornwall. (Cf. 21.)
ΚΠ
1713 London Gaz. No. 5141/4 The Setts heretofore made of the Copper-works..will determine at Michaelmas next.
1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 326 A Set..sometimes..implies the deed or lease by which they enjoy the premises.
1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 241 The sett, or lease, frequently extends to twenty-one years.
attributive.1891 Labour Commission Gloss. Sett quarries, a number of mines or quarries taken on lease.
4. Scots Law. The action of setting to sale (see quots.).
ΚΠ
1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) i. xvi. 135 A Roup at the half or major part of the Owners against the rest, or a Set at any of the Owners instance against the whole, either to take his part at such a rate, or [etc.].
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. at Sett Where the owners of a ship disagree as to the manner in which a vessel is to be employed, or where one of the owners is desirous to sell his share, he usually offers it, at a certain price, to the other owners; and failing an extrajudicial arrangement, an action of sett is competent.
5.
a. The condition of being stopped or checked; a check. at a set, at a standstill, in difficulties, nonplussed (cf. 10e); hard or sore set (Scottish), a serious check or setback (cf. phr. s.v. set v.1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] > a check or rebuff > complete check or impasse > fact or condition of being stuck or at impasse
sticking1564
set1613
dead set1806
nonplussation1833
stickfast1835
deadlocking1882
jib1893
constipation1917
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iii. iv. 211 Our Gull-gallants..who would sometimes be at a sette in their braue and brauing phrases, if they should not haue varietie of oathes and curses.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 87 He is at a set, and knows not what to make of it.
c1680 Mem. Mrs. Veitch, etc. (1846) 26 (E.D.D.) They were both against it, which gave my faith a sore set.
1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins I. xii. 118 It rose so steep..that I was at a Set upon the first Entrance.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 64 I cud na tald you, nor can I do yet, How sad the sett was, that my heart did get.
1778 A. Ross Helenore (ed. 2) 49 Great may the hardships be, that she has met, And gotten for my sake so hard a set.
b. Bowls. (See quot. 1876 and rub n.1 2a.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > [noun] > obstruction of bowl
rub1577
rubbing1598
set1876
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 180/2 A ‘rub’ or ‘set’ is when a jack or bowl, in transitu, comes in contact with any object on the green.
c. Mechanics. (See quot. 1764.)
ΚΠ
1764 K. Fitzgerald in Philos. Trans. 1763 (Royal Soc.) 53 156 The stop, or sett, generally in large engines, when the ends of the leaver come to the springs, is a defect that has been endeavoured to be remedied.
6. The act of a dog in setting game. (Cf. 10f.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [noun] > pointing
setting1621
set1699
point1771
dead set1819
pointing1877
1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. at Arrest A Dog that makes a fine set.
1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xxxvii. 527 Their little Dogs make a Set at them, in the Manner of Setting-Dogs.
1897 Badminton Mag. Apr. 448 All your senses tingle as you go to the set, and encourage the statue~like animal to go on.
1897 Outing 29 479/2 Only twenty years ago the term ‘set’ was in general use. A sportsman, especially an old-timer, when a setter paused on game, would then say ‘There's a set!’
7.
a. = dead set n. at sense 10.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words
bruntc1425
assaultc1449
battery1562
onset1566
brash1573
breach1578
onslaught1613
onfall1646
attack1653
assay?1705
to return to the charge1752
arietation1797
set-to1808
set1829
dead set1835
go-in1858
on-ding1871
hatchet work1938
blitzkrieg1939
blitz1940
carpet bombing1956
bowling1959
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > seeking marriage > [noun] > attempt to gain husband
dead set1823
set1829
1829 Examiner 609/1 ‘A set’ is made upon him of the most inveterate and splenetic character.
1850 J. Chubb On Constr. Locks & Keys 17 When ‘a set’ is made at a bank, every information is..sought for, by the burglars.
1857 A. Mathews Tea-table Talk I. 136 On one occasion, at a noble table, a great set was made at him.
1857 A. Mayhew Paved with Gold ii. x A direct set upon Phil was made by the satirical young rogues.
1887 W. E. Norris Major & Minor xxiii No one could say that Miss N. was making a set at him.
b. A grudge. Chiefly in to have (or take) a set on (a person), to have a grudge against. Australian and New Zealand colloquial. Cf. set v.1 125b.
ΚΠ
1903 ‘T. Collins’ Such is Life i. 15 ‘Has n't Warrigal Alf got a set on you too?’ asked Thompson coldly.
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 64 Set, a grudge against (someone), e.g., ‘have a set on someone’.
1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xiv. 228 If the Old Man hadn't tried to give Mark Thorne such particular hell when he was starting his shop, perhaps Thorne wouldn't have taken a set on all the Sudermans... If he hadn't the set on the Sudermans..he wouldn't have wanted to cut off his nose to spite his face.
1948 D. Ballantyne Cunninghams ii. vi. 187 He had a bit of a set on Frank and Sydney and was always pinching their cheeks and telling them they were young roughnecks.
8. (Usually sett.) A form of power used by shipwrights: see quots.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > shipbuilding > tools and equipment
ram-line1664
set1794
poker1823
horning-tackle1850
planking clamp1862
stower1863
planking-screw1864
ram1867
bending slab1890
warrok-
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 10 The sett is made by driving wedges between the head or heel of the shore.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 19 Both must be set close together with cross-setts.
1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Setts, in mast-making, denotes powers made use of, where force is required to bring or unite two or more pieces together, and is performed by screws, shores, cross-setts, or cleats.
1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 83 A ‘set’ or pressure is obtained by means of other pins driven and wedged into holes on the opposite side of the angle-iron.
9.
a. The action of setting or hardening, or the condition of being set. to take a set: to set.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > [noun] > process or fact of becoming stiff or hard
stiffness1639
setting1791
set1837
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > be thick enough to retain form [verb (intransitive)] > become stiff in consistency > set
fastena1425
set1736
to take a set1837
1837 J. T. Smith tr. L. J. Vicat Pract. & Sci. Treat. Mortars & Cements 53 The ‘time of set’ may sometimes transgress the prescribed limits.
1839 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 2 69/1 Before the cement was perfectly hardened and had taken a set.
1923 Rep. Progr. Appl. Chem. VIII. 231 The time of set has been found to depend upon the proportion of combined water..in the hydrated calcium aluminate.
1923 Rep. Progr. Appl. Chem. VIII. 23 Removal of water..results in the time of set being reduced.
1957 V. J. Kehoe Technique Film & Television Make-up xii. 149 Warm weather hastens the set of the material, so chilling the bowl is advisable to slow down the set.
1963 D. Seton Essent. Mod. Cookery 156 The use of lemon juice or citric or tartaric acid is essential to ensure a good set [in marmalade].
b. initial set (Building), a condition attained by cement when it begins to stiffen, but before hardening commences.
ΚΠ
1891 T. Potter Concrete (ed. 2) I. iii. 104 If a plasterer finds his mortar for stucco is becoming too stiff..the initial set has commenced.
1927 Engineer 5 Aug. 143/2 At the completion of the operation the concrete has taken an initial set.
1953 Van den Branden & Knowles Plastering iv. 98 The initial set of Portland cement mortar occurs about two to three hours after the dry materials have been wetted.
10. dead set n. often in to make a dead set at.
a. slang. (See quots.)
ΚΠ
1725 New Canting Dict. Set, as Dead Set, a Term used by Thief-catchers when they have a Certainty of seizing some of their Clients.
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Set, a dead set, a concerted scheme to defraud a person by gaming.
b. A fixed look. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > a look or glance > [noun] > stare or gaze
stare1553
gaze1566
goggle1651
gloze1654
gape1660
glower1715
dead set1781
death stare1818
death glare1819
eyeful1847
gape-seed1852
1781 G. Parker View Society & Manners I. 196 The Doctor..gave me what I term the dead set with his eye.
c. A pointed attack; a determined onslaught; const. at, against. Also, an attitude or position of hostility.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words
bruntc1425
assaultc1449
battery1562
onset1566
brash1573
breach1578
onslaught1613
onfall1646
attack1653
assay?1705
to return to the charge1752
arietation1797
set-to1808
set1829
dead set1835
go-in1858
on-ding1871
hatchet work1938
blitzkrieg1939
blitz1940
carpet bombing1956
bowling1959
1835 A. W. Fonblanque in Examiner 20 Dec. 801/1 The abhorrence of every thing like a ‘dead set’, or an attempt to run down a man by abuse and clamour.
1836 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) IV. 91 A dead set is to be made from various quarters, against the abominable innovation of publishing Divisions by authority.
1841 J. Keble Let. to Newman 19 July It was plain from the moment Young went into the room that a dead set was to be made at him.
1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 89 ‘A dead set’, a determined stand, in argument or in movement.
1885 Manch. Evening News 16 July 2/1 The disaffected sections of the Irish population made a dead set against him from the first.
d. Of a woman: A determined attempt to gain a man's affections. Also occasionally conversely of a man.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > flirtation or coquetry > [noun] > attempt to gain someone's affections
dead set1823
play1905
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > seeking marriage > [noun] > attempt to gain husband
dead set1823
set1829
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIV xlii. 136 Her late performance had been a dead set At Lord Augustus.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 4 James had..made a ‘dead set’ at a ‘fortune’.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) iii. 20 There was a girl at Dumdum..who made a dead set at me in the year '4.
1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius xvii I made a dead set at a new beauty just arrived from the South.
1894 F. M. Elliot Rom. Gossip v. 148 Women all through his life made a dead set at Garibaldi.
e. An absolute stop; a complete check; phr. at a dead set. Also University slang = dead n. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > [noun] > a check or rebuff > complete check or impasse > fact or condition of being stuck or at impasse
sticking1564
set1613
dead set1806
nonplussation1833
stickfast1835
deadlocking1882
jib1893
constipation1917
1806 T. S. Surr Winter in London III. viii. 211 Hollo—what's this!—the duchess of Drinkwater at a dead sett!
1848 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Set To be at a dead set, is to be in a fixed state or condition which precludes further progress.
1851 B. H. Hall Coll. College Words 92 See the front of Logic lower; Screws, dead-sets, and fines.
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 72 The man is at a dead set who has got through a knot hole or gateway where his sledge load of furniture cannot follow him.
f. Hunting. An abrupt stop made by an animal with its muzzle in the direction of the prey; esp. the position taken up by a dog in pointing game. (Cf. 6.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > [noun] > pointing
setting1621
set1699
point1771
dead set1819
pointing1877
1819 T. B. Johnson Shooter's Compan. 23 Happening to pass a small bush, with the whelp close to me..when the bitch was at a distance, he made a dead set.
1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting v. 122 He made a dead set, getting my wind; and immediately made a desperate charge.
II. The manner or position in which a thing is set.
11. The way in which something is set down in writing. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun]
writingc1350
mannerc1375
pena1387
langue?a1400
indite1501
rate1517
conveyance?1521
composition1532
turn1533
set1535
tune1537
style1577
composure1601
way1612
language1699
rhetoricity1921
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 27 Ane herald..Quhilk schew to him ilk word fra end to end,..In forme and sett as I haif said ȝow heir.
12. Tendency, inclination; determination (of the mind, character, action, etc.) in a certain direction; often = settled direction, fixed habit. Also spec. in Psychology, a predisposition or expectation that influences the response of a person or animal: used variously of conscious or unconscious, or of mental or physical, states. Cf. set v.1 93c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun]
kinda1200
disposingc1380
disposition1393
aptc1400
hieldc1400
remotiona1425
inclination?a1439
incliningc1450
taste1477
intendment1509
benta1535
swing1538
approclivity1546
aptness1548
swinge1548
drift1549
set1567
addiction1570
disposedness1583
swaya1586
leaning1587
intention1594
inflection1597
inclinableness1608
appetite1626
vogue1626
tendency1628
tendence1632
aptitude1633
gravitation1644
propension1644
biasing1645
conducement1646
flexure1652
propendency1660
tend1663
vergencya1665
pend1674
to have a way of1748
polarity1767
appetency1802
drive1885
overleaning1896
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > experimental psychology > stimulus-response > response > [noun] > predisposition
set1890
mental set1909
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 14 There is another kind of Lodestone..that is of contrarie set and disposition, which will haue none of Iron.
1603 S. Daniel Def. Ryme in Panegyrike (new ed.) sig. G4 Which frame of wordes..are disposed into diuers fashions, according to the humour of the Composer and the set of the time.
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger False One ii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Qq4/1 Heere's a strange alteration in the Court; Mens faces are of other setts, and motions.
1692 Bp. G. Burnet Disc. Pastoral Care vii. 80 Tully's Offices will give the Mind a noble sett.
a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) viii. 173 The Lord was pleased to give my heart a set toward the preaching of Christ.
1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. xvi. 297 The poetical mind of England had taken an inveterate set.
1852 J. S. Blackie On Stud. Lang. 10 In the..process by which the mother tongue is acquired, the mind acquires a habit and a set.
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. iv. 124 It is not in the moment of their forming, but in the moment of their producing motor effects, that resolves and aspirations communicate the new ‘set’ to the brain.
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 843 Strain of the heart,—that is, of a permanent ‘after-strain’ or ‘set’ towards other than the normal lines of its action.
1911 E. L. Thorndike Animal Intell. vi. 249 If a cat pushes a button around with its nose, while..the act to which its general ‘set’ impels it..is that of clawing at an opening, it will be less aided in the formation of the habit than if it had been chiefly concerned in what its nose was doing.
1918 R. S. Woodworth Dynamic Psychol. iii. 56 Danger arouses a ‘set’ of the nervous system towards escape.
1931 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Apr. 379 The theory..that ability in proof-reading is largely a matter of attitude or mental ‘set’.
1953 J. B. Carroll Study of Lang. iii. 77 There are actually prelinguistic organismic events (sets, attitudes, etc.) which can be identified with what expression theorists regard as ‘thoughts’ and ‘ideas’.
1968 Science 13 Dec. 1236/1Set’ refers to the subject's psychological expectations of what a drug will do to him in relation to his general personality structure.
1979 Forgus & Shulman Personality i. 9 We can measure the dominant perceptual sets..and..these sets, in fact, direct perceptual selectivity.
13. The direction in which a current flows or a wind blows; also, the action of the water, etc. in taking a particular direction.Locally applied to particular currents.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > direction
settingc1595
set1719
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > direction in which wind blows
set1793
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 225 How the Sets of the Tide, or Currents lay, when the Flood came in.
1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) I. 125 By a sudden sett of the sea..Jack tumbled forward.
1793 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 83 189 Although the northern set was trifling..; yet the wind, being both scant and light, we could never overcome the tendency of the current.
1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 350 The set of the ice.
1827 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) I. 13 As straws show the set of the wind.
1876 F. W. Farrar In Days of Youth ii. 19 A feather will show you the direction of the wind; a straw will prove the set of a current.
1879 Scribner's Monthly 19 327/1 Often in storms a strong swift current runs along the coast between the outer bar and the shore, called by the surf-men the ‘set’ or ‘cut’.
14.
a. The build or make of a person. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [noun]
featurec1325
making1340
staturec1380
statea1387
bonea1400
figurec1400
makec1425
corpulence1477
corsage1481
makdom1488
mouldc1550
corporature1555
frame1566
dimension1600
limit1608
set1611
timber1612
compact1646
taille1663
fabric1695
moulding1815
physique1826
tournure1827
build1832
form1849
body type1866
body build1907
somatotype1940
size1985
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xxiv. 851/2 Of a bigge and broad set.
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Custome of Countrey v. v, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Cc4/2 A goodly Gentleman, Of a more manly set, I never look'd on.
1708 Brit. Apollo 28 May–2 June He is of a Squat Set.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Set..2. Shape, figure, cast, make, Aberd[een].
1888 Harper's Mag. Jan. 291/2 Something effective and picturesque in the set of his strongly built frame.
b. gen. ? Shape. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > [noun]
hue971
shapec1050
form1297
casta1300
entailc1320
fashionc1320
featurec1325
tailc1325
suitc1330
figuringc1385
figure1393
makinga1398
fasurec1400
facea1402
makec1425
proportionc1425
figuration?a1475
protracture1551
physiognomy1567
set1567
portraiturea1578
imagerya1592
model1597
plasmature1610
figurature1642
scheme1655
morphosis1675
turn1675
plasma1712
mould1725
format1936
1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 46 Houselike..for his endurance is resembled to Ambrosia..for his roundset [? read round set] or figure to the Bullocks eie.
15.
a. Weaving. (Usually sett.) The adjustment of the reeds (of a loom) necessary for the making of a fabric of a particular texture; hence, the make of a fabric as determined by this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > woven > made by specific method of weaving
footwork1568
set1780
stocking1812
reed1823
stocking-web1843
handloom1867
terry1879
Hardanger1904
ikat1931
rip-stop1945
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > reed or slay > adjustment of
set1780
1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 324 The grist or fineness of the yarn, determines the set or fineness of the reed through which it is to be wrought.
1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 350 When the set of the web is from three fourths of an inch to forty meshes in the inch.
1879 T. R. Ashenhurst Pract. Treat. Weaving & Designing Textile Fabrics 272 The systems of calculating the sett of reeds.
1879 T. R. Ashenhurst Pract. Treat. Weaving & Designing Textile Fabrics 272 If a cloth contains sixty threads per inch, it would be said to be a sixty sett cloth.
1893 Times 10 July 4/6 Medium and heavy setts of powerlooms are having most attention, fine descriptions being almost neglected.
b. (Usually sett.) Each or any of the squares in the pattern of a tartan; the pattern itself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > tartan > pattern of
set1721
tartan1855
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > tartan > pattern of > square in pattern of
set1721
1721 A. Ramsay Tartana 197 The Plaid itself gives pleasure to the sight, To see how all its sets imbibe the light.
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. i Scarlet and green the sets, the borders blue.
1811 A. Grant Ess. Superstit. Highlanders II. 207 Every clan wore a different set..of tartan.
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose viii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 327 How many checks in the sett of his plaid and trews.
1897 Standard 21 Sept. 7/1 The Murray ‘sett’.
16. The form which a body assumes as the result of strain or pressure or in the process of solidification, etc.; esp. the permanent deflection of a bar or plate of metal or wood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > [noun] > resulting from strain or pressure
set1807
the world > space > shape > misshapenness > [noun] > action or fact of putting or being out of shape > as result of pressure or strain
set1807
permanent set1822
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xiii. 136 The operation of forces applied in any of these ways may produce a permanent alteration, or change of figure..: this change is sometimes called by workmen settling, or taking a set.
1812 P. Nicholson Mech. Exercises 85 When the timbers are sagged, either by casting or by a set.
1824 T. Tredgold Pract. Ess. Strength of Cast Iron (ed. 2) 81 That iron is to be esteemed the best which will bear the greatest degree of flexure without set.
1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. xii. 226 Like a piece of old elastic parchment that had been acquiring for ages the set of the roll.
1869 M. Somerville Molecular & Microsc. Sci. i. ii. 77 The..phenomena of crystals depends upon unequal conductibility..and their set is determined by the difference between the forces of attraction and repulsion.
1883 Science 1 174/1 The ‘set’ of a zinc bar when heated.
1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (at cited word) When the crystals of bay-salt begin to form upon the strings and thorns, the pan is said to have a good or a bad set according as the crystals are large or small.
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Permanent set, that amount of deflection from which a beam or structure is unable to return to its original form, but which remains constant.
1903 R. Kipling Five Nations 24 Turning the shingle, returning the shingle, changing the set of the sand.
17. The way in which an article of dress is arranged or ‘hangs’; also similarly of a ship's sails.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] > sit or hang of
sit1776
set1822
seat1824
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [noun] > hang of sail(s)
set1822
1822 Examiner 68/2 Studying the set of her bonnet.
1827 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) I. 107 She who shapes the mistress's caps, and gives the set to her head-dress—the lady's maid!
1828 H. Le Blanc Art of Tying the Cravat (ed. 2) 65 Scrutinizing examination will be made on the set of his Cravat.
1845 M. J. Howell Hand-bk. Dress-making 40 In order to give the skirt a pretty ‘set’.
1881 Daily Tel. 28 Jan. Considering the squareness of her bows and the set of her canvas.
1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 166 The set o' the tunic's 'orrid.
18.
a. The position or attitude (either occasional or habitual) given to a limb or a part of the body.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > [noun] > specific part of body
set1855
1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect ii. i. 322 A peculiar set of the limb, for example the turning out of the toes.
1863 B. Taylor Hannah Thurston iv His yellow hair..grew back from the temples with a sturdy set.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. vii. 120 The set of her head and neck.
1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 165 'E saw the set o' my shoulders.
b. The action or result of fixing the hair when damp so that it dries in the required style. Also with reference to fixing the hair by other means (with heat, a setting lotion, etc.), and as hair-set. Cf. set v.1 81b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > [noun] > a set
set1933
shampoo and set1935
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [noun] > set
set1975
1933 G. A. Foan Art & Craft Hairdressing Spec. Suppl. iv. 23/2 The procedure here outlined in reference to the final touch must be followed exactly as indicated in order to prevent entirely spoiling the set.
1938 H. Goodman Princ. Professional Beauty Culture v. 90 After permanent set the intramolecular breakdown and rebuilding processes have effectively evolved a new..conformation.
1940 W. Peck Bewildering Cares iv. 110 I met her once at the hairdresser's bewailing that she couldn't afford a nice steak for Herbert on their income, and she had obviously spent the price of it on a ‘set’.
1946 K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xiii. 204 You can't get a hairset here and I have to do my own.
1975 Country Life 27 Mar. 806/1 Many women disliked wearing a hat because it squashed their ‘set’.
19.
a. The inclination or dip of the arm of an axle-tree; the elevation of a gun.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > [noun] > (angle of) elevation
random?a1560
mounture1628
elevation1692
set1844
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1163 Were all wheels made with one uniform degree of dish, we should then have one simple standard for the set of the axle-arms.
1852 R. Burn Naval & Mil. Techn. Dict. French Lang. (ed. 2) ii. 233 Set or dip of an axletree-arm.
1876 G. E. Voyle Mil. Dict.
1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 168/2 (Punt shooting) ‘Setof the gun, the elevation given to the gun as it lies on the gun-rest.
b. The slight lateral deflection in opposite directions of the alternate teeth of a saw; the amount of this deflexion.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > saw > [noun] > deflection of teeth
set1837
1837 L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. II. 630 Each successive tooth is placed in opposite directions, at the desired set, to allow the blade of the saw to pass through the wood without resistance.
1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 584 The ‘set’ of the saw consists in inclining the teeth at the particular angle known to be the best to facilitate the exit of the sawdust.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1047/1 Hack-saw, a frame saw of moderate set.
c. Typography. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > [noun] > parts of type > position of
setting1887
set1892
1892 Southward's Pract. Printing (ed. 4) 29 (note) The set of the types signifies the proper position of the letters, with reference to the precise amount of space between them.
1908 Legros in Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. Dec. 1043 As the letters are not only unequal in set, and since the widths of set generally bear no particular relation to the em (or body).
1908 Legros in Inst. Mech. Engineers: Proc. Dec. 1075 The mould thus made is of definite size for body but variable for the width of set.
d. Bell-ringing. The inverted position of a bell when it is set. Cf. set v.1 66.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [noun] > positions
sally1668
set1677
set-pull1677
handstroke1788
1677 F. Stedman Campanalogia 23 A prospect of true ringing at any certain compass under the Sett, may thus be taken.
1677 F. Stedman Campanalogia 39 The reason why one of them is said to move up, is, because he that rings that bell, in the making of the change must hold it up at the Sett a little longer than ordinary, to delay its striking, whereby 'tis made to follow the other note which before it preceded.
1901 H. E. Bulwer Gloss. Techn. Terms Bells & Ringing (1904) 33 Set, the position of a bell after being ‘raised’, when it rests mouth upward a little beyond the balancing point [etc.].
e. Carpentry. The amount that the blade of a plane projects below the sole.
ΚΠ
1898 F. Fletcher & H. P. Fletcher Carpentry & Joinery xxvi. 281 The set of the plane may be adjusted during use by tapping the iron of the nose.
1950 M. T. Telling Carpentry & Joinery ii. 116 All [planes] will do specially true work if properly set and sharpened and many of them have mechanical means of adjusting the cutting iron to a fine set.
f. ‘The amount of compression of which a spring is capable, or which it takes under a load; in helical coils, the distance between two adjacent coils; in elliptic springs, the decreased distance between opposed parts’ (Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895).
III. Something which is set.
20. An area marked out for a hunt. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting area > [noun]
fieldOE
forest1297
seta1425
chasea1440
hunting-fieldc1680
hunting-ground1721
flying county1856
hunt1857
moor1860
the Shires1860
driving moor1873
beat1875
killing ground1877
flying country1883
killing field1915
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xxxv Þe maister of þe game shulde be enformed by þe forster or þe parker, what game þe kyng shall fynde withinne his sette.
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xxxv The maister of þe game shulde be accorded with þe maister forster or parker whedyr þat it be where þe kynge shall hunte suche a daye. And if þe sette be wyde [etc.].
21. (Usually sett.) The area of ground worked by a particular mining company. Chiefly Cornwall. (Cf. 3b.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > area worked by particular company
set1778
1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 326 A Set is the ground granted to a company of Adventurers.
1835 English's Mining Rev. July 113 The setts comprise a circumference of several miles, and abound in lodes producing argentiferous ores.
1839 H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall xv. 537 The bounder had the right of granting the sett.
1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 136 The lord of the soil grants a sett.., or portion of mining soil, for a lease of years.
1893 Daily News 11 Jan. 2/1 There are many old workings in Wheal Owles, and several setts have of late years been discontinued.
22. ? An ornament of jewellery set on a garment. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > piece or article of > on a garment
set1502
1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 21 Spangelles settes..sterrys dropes and pointes..for garnisshing of jakettes.
1542 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 67 Upon the samyne bonet tene settis, in every set four dyomonttis,..with xxiiii settis of perle in every set four perle.
1542 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 67–68 Tene plain dyamonttis in settis of gold, xviii settis of perle, & thrie in every set, and nyne set lang, and four in every sett.
23.
a. ‘Any thing not sown, but put in a state of some growth into the ground’ (Johnson); a twig, slip, or sucker, used for planting or grafting; also, a young plant, esp. a bedding-out plant.In the following quot. given by N.E.D. (1912) the word set is replaced by act in A. Marvell Poems & Lett. (1975):
1662 A. Marvell Let. 1 Apr. in Wks. (1875) II. 80 We may..graft an Set of our own upon their motion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > by cuttings > cutting or slip
planteOE
plantingeOE
quickwoodc1383
graffa1393
sarmenta1398
slivingc1400
springc1400
clavec1420
sleavingc1440
talionc1440
quick1456
quicking1469
graft1483
quickset1484
slip1495
setlingc1503
set1513
pitchset1519
slaving?1523
truncheon1572
stallon1587
crosset1600
marquot1600
sliver1604
secta1616
offset1629
slipping1638
side-slip1651
slift1657
cutting1691
pitcher1707
mallet-shoot1745
root cutting1784
stowing1788
stool1789
pitch1808
heel1822
cutling1834
piping1851
cutback1897
stump plant1953
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > by cuttings > cutting or slip > for grafting
imp1377
graffa1398
talionc1440
graft1483
slip1495
set1513
wedge?1523
scutcheon1572
shield1572
truncheon1572
breeder1601
scion1612
escutcheon1658
slit-graft1706
graffshoot1860
shield-bud1891
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 133 The plane pulderyt with semely settis sovnd.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xl At euery two fote or thre fote to leaue one sette growynge nat plached.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xl Take a sharpe hatchette..and cutte the settes in a playne place nygh vnto the yerth.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 26 b To ympe or graffe yong settes.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 66 Doo they growe of the seede, or of the sette?
1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 12 It shall grieue you much to see your yong sets rubd loose at the roots.
1618 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) II. 233 ij hundrethe setts of lycorise for my Mris, iiijs.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 147 Chuse the largest Sets that you can get; which are to be had best out of a Garden well kept.
1760 R. Brown Compl. Farmer: Pt. 2 107 One runner will make many setts.
1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 563 The hop-set is no sooner put in the ground than its enemies find it out.
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Set..(2) Young plants of any kind used for bedding out.
1894 Daily News 15 Jan. 6/6 Find a swampy place, and get good setts (that is, two or three year old withy).
figurative.1605 1st Pt. Jeronimo sig. F This arme neare met, So strong a courage of so greene a set.
b. A potato, or a portion of a potato, used as seed. local.
ΚΠ
1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 12 Dropping potatoe setts.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 655 The tubers are either planted whole, or cut into parts called sets.
1896 P. A. Graham Red Scaur vi. 83 I found her and Mark and Elsie planting potatoes... She carried a basket of ‘sets’,..and Mark was doing the hard work of digging.
1901 Dundee Advertiser 23 Apr. 4 The common potato growing practice is to allow..six inches from sett to sett of the seed.
c. A shoot. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun]
sproteeOE
wiseOE
spronkOE
wrideOE
brodc1175
wanda1300
breerc1320
scion?c1335
spraya1387
spriga1398
springa1400
sprouta1400
spiringc1400
shoota1450
youngling1559
forth-growing1562
spirk1565
sprouting1578
surcle1578
chive1583
chit1601
spurt1601
sprit1622
germen1628
spurge1630
spirt1634
brairding1637
springet1640
set1658
shrubble1674
underling1688
sobolesa1722
branchlet1731
springlet1749
sproutling1749
sprang1847
shootlet1889
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 182 When you have cut off the heads of your Cabbages..they will produce small sets, which the Italians call Broccoli.
d. An undeveloped or rudimentary fruit; collective, flowers that have been fertilized and should develop into fruit. Also, the development of fruit following fertilization. Cf. set v.1 98.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > fertilized flower
set1888
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > mature or undeveloped fruit
set1888
1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta II. xv. 436 Every cluster, which had inclosed in it a spray of the male blossom, was lapped about with a wisp of dry forage; and this defended the sets from early flights of locusts.
1891 Cent. Dict. s.v. The peaches set well, but the sets all dropped off.
1928 Daily Tel. 12 June 5/2 Of culinary apples the set appears good on the whole... Dessert cherries have had a fair set.
1929 E. C. Auchter & H. B. Knapp Orchard & Small Fruit Culture viii. 369 In such orchards, if the blossoms are properly pollinated, much better sets occur.
1964 H. B. Tukey Dwarfed Fruit Trees xxiii. 422 Bee flight is noticeably reduced at 60 degrees F. or below, and pollination, fertilization, and fruit set are accordingly reduced.
1973 H. G. Kingham U.K. Tomato Man. xvi. 126 For all crops overhead damping with a course spray helps to improve set.
24. The stake put down at dice, etc. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > [noun] > stake
wedc1330
set1537
setting1540
stake1540
1537 in Privy Purse Exp. Hen. VIII (1827) 143 Paied to the iij Cotons for iij settes the whiche the kinges grace loste to them in Grenewiche parke.
1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. G2, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) The place [sic] that I vsed was with them, the sette by agreement not great, concluded vppon more to passe time then wherof to make gaine.
1607 T. Heywood Woman Kilde with Kindnesse sig. D4v Let them that are taken playing false forfet the set.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Mommon,..a set, by a Mummer, at dice.
25.
a. A game at dice or cards; hence, the number of points to be made in order to be ‘up’.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > [noun] > game or match
partie1565
partyc1580
set1595
pool1693
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > game of dice > [noun]
diec1330
cockal1586
set1595
straglersc1650
shackle1881
rats and mice1929
1595 P. Henslowe Diary 2 Jan. (1961) 26 [Title of play] The seat at mawe.
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Partita,..a set or match at any game.
1633 J. Ford Loves Sacrifice iii. sig. G2v You were best to try a set at Maw.
1668 J. Dryden Sr Martin Mar-all i. 5 I lose all my Sets, when I want but one of up.
1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 58 Picket... The usual Set is an hundred.
1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 75 At Cribbidge..the number of the Set is sixty one.
1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 79 This Game I conceive is called All-Fours from Highest, Lowest, Jack, and Game, which is the Set as some play it.
1687 C. Sedley Bellamira iv. i, in Wks. (1778) II. 161 I lost three sets at back-gammon.
b. figurative. Match, contest. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun]
match1531
bonspiel1560
prize1565
main1589
traverse1599
seta1626
tournament1762
fixture1825
tourney1890
roundup1912
rodeo1927
go-around1933
start1949
a1626 W. Rowley Birth of Merlin (1662) sig. A4 Your Sister and Lord Edwin are in game, and all their wits at stake to win the Set.
a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Richard II cclxxxvi, in Poems (1878) III. 208 If the sword must try it, Hee had an Equall sett, and choos'd to play it.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 42 That was but civil war, an equal set, Where Piles with piles, and eagles Eagles met.
26.
a. Real Tennis (sometimes spelt sett): A group of six games which counts as a unit to the side that wins more than half of them; see also quot. a1769. Tennis (always spelt set): A group of games counting as a unit towards a match for the person or pair of persons who win the greater number of games in it.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > real tennis > [noun] > group of six games
set1578
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > group of games
set1886
1578 J. Florio Firste Fruites f. 8 I will goe see some play at Tenise, and perhaps play also: will you play two or three settes with me?
1591 J. Florio Second Frutes 25 P. How manie are you my masters? H. We are but two that will plaie. P. Will you plaie in set?
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 185 Ye shall see them play Sets at Tennis in the heat of Summer.
a1769 E. Hoyle Games (1778) 203 Six Games make a Set of Tennis, but if what is called an Advantage Set is played, two successive Games above five Games must be won to decide; or, in Case it should be six Games all, two successive Games must still be won on one Side to conclude the Set.
1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. xii. 283 Perhaps you would like a set at tennis, or a game at balloon.
1886 Field 31 July 182/2 Mr. Joy only beat Mr. Thorpe after all three sets had been exhausted.
1891 ‘J. S. Winter’ Lumley v. 36 I shouldn't have liked to lose my first sett with you.
1949 Lawn Tennis (‘Know the Game’ Ser.) 15 The first player or pair to win six games wins the set, except that should the score become five games each—‘Five All’—one player or pair must become two games ahead to win the set.
1980 Guardian 14 July 18/5 Miss Jevans..had a bad patch in the second set before winning 6–1, 7–5.
b. set point n. the state of a set when one side or player needs only one point to win the set; also, the point itself (cf. match point n. (a) at match n.1 Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > racket games > lawn tennis > [noun] > score or stage of game
match ball1849
game ball1853
games all1853
game, set, and match1879
vantage1884
advantage point1889
game point1903
ad1915
match point1921
van1927
set point1928
ad point1939
break point1975
mini-break1981
1928 Observer 1 July 29/3 When that cunning player..would, at set-point, send one as hard as he could hit it straight down the centre line.
1946 Times 26 June 2/3 The Dutch pair, after missing a set point when leading by six games to five, finally secured the first set at 9–7.
1972 D. Delman Sudden Death vi. 152 Set point. I crouch, racket twirling.
c. set ball n. Tennis a ball that may decide a set.
ΚΠ
1928 Daily Tel. 26 June 11/7 He went on to lead 4–2 in the third set, and then, at 5–4, had three set balls before running out.
27. One of the pleats of a ruff; also, the arrangement of a ruff in pleats. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > ruff > pleat in
purl1593
set1594
quill1822
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > ruff > arrangement of ruff in pleats
set1594
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. G I warrant you should not see one set of her neckercher peruerted or turned awrie.
1601 A. Dent Plaine Mans Path-way to Heauen 53 Some are as proude of their falling bandes, and little sets, as others are of their great ruffes.
1608 G. Markham & L. Machin Dumbe Knight i. sig. B2v You haue a pretty set too, how big is the steele you set with?
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist iv. iii. sig. I3 He speakes, out of a Fortification. 'Pray God, He ha' no squibs in those deepe sets . View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Randolph et al. Hey for Honesty iii. iii. 27/2 The sets of my old Ruffe lookt like so many Organ-Pipes.
28. = set scene n. at set adj.1 Compounds 1. Also, more widely, the setting, stage furniture, etc., used on stage in a theatre. In Film-making and Television, the scenery (usually built up rather than painted) and other properties used in the filming of an individual scene; the place or area in which filming takes place. Frequently in on or off (the) set. Also attributive and in other combinations. Cf. film set n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > scenery > set
set scenery1854
set1859
stage-set1861
set scene1866
1859 E. Fitzball Thirty-five Years Dramatic Author's Life I. vi. 91 The vast scenes were pushed into sets, imperfectly painted.
1861 Cornhill Mag. Aug. 169 In the Frogs, we have..a grand full stage ‘set’ of the Acherusian lake.
1868 M. E. Braddon Dead-Sea Fruit II. xxvi. 296 If such a set were only manageable at the Bonbonnière! But we have not enough depth for this kind of thing.
1880 Theatre Apr. 223 The set was excellent, representing the interior of an Elizabethan house.
1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella I. i. i. 5 The complete disappearance of this earliest ‘set’, to use a theatrical phrase, from the scenery of her childhood.
1912 F. A. Talbot Moving Pictures x. facing p. 109 (caption) Building a solid set for ‘The Two Orphans’.
1918 H. Croy How Motion Pictures are Made 107 With the sets determined upon, preparation for the taking of the picture is begun.
1929 Morning Post 24 May 12/7 Whether one observes this operation on the ‘set’ or in the recording-room, one is struck by the essential differences in making talk and silent films.
1929 Morning Post 24 May 12/7 The director produces his sequence again on the ‘set’.
1929 ‘Van Dine’ Studio Murder Myst. i. 7 The skeletons of ‘dead’ sets clothed in flowing veils of gray.
1936 P. G. Wodehouse Laughing Gas iv. 51 She was supposed to be on the set, made up, at six on the following a.m. for some retakes.
1947 A. Huxley Let. 27 July (1969) 573 The ticklish situation on the set made it impossible to come to New York for Claire's wedding.
1953 K. Reisz Technique Film Editing i. 60 Dialogue-writing, set-design and acting all become subjugated to this central purpose.
1956 C. McCullers in Mademoiselle Sept. 174/2 Mabel Goodley, the painter and set-designer.
1961 G. Millerson Technique Television Production i. 15 The set designer, responsible for the scenic treatment.
1973 Listener 22 Nov. 727/3 The same people are very much less agreeable in Meet Pamela than they are ‘off-set’ in Day for Night.
1977 M. Babson Murder, murder, Little Star xviii. 154 Had there been a further scene..in the dressing-room? Twinkle was being too good on set.
29. (Usually sett.) A squared stone (chiefly granite) used for paving.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > stone as material for paving > a paving stone > sett
pitcher1796
pitching-stables1858
set1871
pitch1896
1871 Williamson Science Lect. 2nd Ser. 98 Those square stones which I think are technically called ‘sets’.
1880 Daily News 7 Dec. 6/3 One of the small steamers which trade with setts from the quarries.
1880 Daily News 9 Dec. 1/3 A sett stone quarry.
1905 Academy 9 Sept. 935/1 The streets used to be paved with setts taken from the black marble quarry.
30. Miscellaneous technical senses.
a. Plastering. The finishing coat on walls prepared for painting.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > [noun] > bricklaying and plastering > plastering > finishing coat
stucco1734
intonaco1806
setting coat1812
finish1823
set1823
setting1823
skin coat1897
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 373 As the plasterer lays on the set, he draws the brush backwards and forwards over it, till the surface is smooth.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 613 By set is denoted a superficial coat of fine stuff or putty upon the rendering.
b. In pile-driving, etc., a body placed between the hammer and the object to be struck.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > hammer > object placed between hammer and thing struck
set1837
1837 in Civil Engineer & Archit. Jrnl. 1 (1838) 242/2 A set is then applied to the end of the wedge, and the workman strikes it with a hammer.
1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 1031 Sett, in piling, a piece placed temporarily on the head of a pile.
c. Fishing. (a) = ‘set net’ (see set adj.1); chiefly eel-set. (b) See quot. 1867. (Cf. Middle Dutch set, sete.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > fixed net
stall net1246
trink1311
set net1481
trinkerc1485
pitch1523
half-net1538
trink-net1584
stop-net1634
toot-net1805
yair-net1805
stob-net1806
seta1808
stake-net1836
barrier-net1884
boom net1925
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > hook > [noun] > arrangement of hooks
set1867
a1808 State, Leslie v. Fraser 56 (Jam.) The practice of hauling their fishing-nets and feith-sets to the shore.
1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling iv. 86 The angler..hooks the fish on to his line by a certain arrangement of hooks called a flight or set.
1882 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 102 The silver~bellied eel..is only caught in the eel-sets.
1892 Longman's Mag. Nov. 88 Along the Norfolk rivers a very important eel fishery is carried on by means of fixed nets known as ‘eel-sets’.
d. Mining. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > measure of coal, etc.
ten1590
score1754
overworkings1849
set1858
society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > working face or place > in coal mine
stall1665
bank1693
coalface1771
set1858
1858 R. Hunt Catal. Mus. Pract. Geol. 223 The pillars are taken away, commencing at the extreme end of the sett.
1862 Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 216 The strait sets are excavations four or five feet wide..made..in the side of a seam of coal at a distance of about six yards from each other.
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Sett, a measure of length along the face of a stall, usually from say 6 to 10 feet, by which holers and drivers are paid. A certain number of setts comprise a day's work.
Categories »
e. Saddlery. ‘The filling of deer's hair or other stuffing beneath the ground seat of a saddle, to bring the top seat to its shape’ (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1875).
f. (a) A young oyster when first attached; (b) the crop of young oysters in a locality.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Ostreidae > member of (oyster) > young or small
oysterling1852
set1881
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Ostreidae > member of (oyster) > young or small > crop of
set1881
1881 E. Ingersoll Oyster-industry (10th Census U.S.: Bureau of Fisheries) 248 ‘The Set is good in Somerset this year’; i.e., there is an abundance of infant oysters.
1887 G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S.: Hist. & Methods II. 515 At only a few places does a breed of oysters, or a ‘set’, as it is termed, occur with any regularity.
1887 G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S.: Hist. & Methods II. 540 (note) There is no word in the Northern States for infant oysters, except the terms ‘set’, ‘spat’, ‘spawn’, &c.
g. North American. Trapping. A trap or snare; a series of traps.
ΚΠ
1912 V. E. Roe Maid of Whispering Hills 74 What is all this beside that which waits the runner of the trail at every ‘set’ in those many miles?
1942 Sun (Baltimore) 2 Feb. 4/3 Each morning the trapper makes the rounds of his ‘set’. He strips the skin from the animals..and takes the pelts to market.
1977 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 30 Mar. 33/3 We were still within 20 yards of the trap's position, when a 55-pound beaver, swimming unseen under the ice, hit the set.
IV. A place where something is set.
31. A place where stationary fishing nets are fixed.
ΚΠ
1745 F. Blomefield Ess. Topogr. Hist. Norfolk II. 866 There were 19 appropriated Fishing-Places, which they called Setts, which were yearly allotted by the Mayor, to certain Fresh-Water Fishermen.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Sett, the particular spot in a river or frith, where stationary nets are fixed.
32. The earth or burrow of a badger.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Meles (badger) > burrow
set1898
1898 A. E. Pease Badger 40 I knew of nine badger ‘sets’ in the vicinity.
1898 A. E. Pease Badger 44 A badger's earth or warren is properly and generally called a ‘set’ or ‘cete’.
1908 Nation 6 June 340/2 For a year or two past the brocks had held their sett in the brake.
V. Something that causes to set.
33. (Often sett.) A tool or device used for ‘setting’ (in various technical senses); esp. a heavy punch or chisel for use on metal or stone. Cf. sate n.: see quots.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > saw > [noun] > tool for setting teeth
wrest1688
set1750
toother?1881
society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > other driving or beating tools
driver1659
set1812
stone-breaker1827
pout1849
impactor1916
society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > for cutting metal
cold chisel1697
set1843
hot chisel1848
sate1883
hot set1888
toe-hardy1909
1750 T. R. Blanckley Naval Expositor Setts for Saws, are for setting the Teeth when out of Order, so as they may cut with the greater Exactness.
1812 P. Nicholson Mech. Exercises 353 [Smithing:] Side Set, a hammer used to set shoulders of rivets to a true square or bevel, as required.
1843 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. I. 387 The work..is bent over with the blows of a flat-ended punch or set.
1846 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. II. 697 The saw-set..consists of a narrow blade of steel, with notches of various widths for different saws... In some few cases saw-set pliers are used.
1881 Design & Work 24 Dec. 451/2 The operation of ‘driving’ rivets consists in placing a set on the end of the rivet, and sledging it down to form the head.
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Set, or Sett, (1) a narrow square nosed or round nosed chisel-like tool used by fitters and boiler makers for chipping grooves in metal. (2) Broad chisel-like tools used for cutting off hot or cold bars on the anvil.
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Hook Wrench, or Set, or Hand Hook, a smith's tool used for taking work out of winding or out of twist.
1892 Labour Comm. Gloss. Sett, a piece of bar-iron bent to the same curvature or shape that an iron pipe is required to take.
1905 P. N. Hasluck Handyman's Bk. 134/1 For punching the nail head below the surface of the work, the steel set is used.
1920 A. H. Fay Gloss. Mining & Mineral Industry 605/1 Sett, a quarryman's term for a square-faced steel tool which is held in position and struck with a sledge to cause a fracture in a rock mass.
1942 W. H. Atherton Workshop Pract. (ed. 2) V. 176 The Hot Sate or Sett..is in constant use for cutting away extraneous metal while hot.
1962 J. G. Robertson Metalwork viii. 95 The Hot Set (Sett or Sate)..is used for cutting off on the cutting face of the anvil. A smith holds the work and hot set whilst a striker wields the sledge hammer. The hot set is designed to cut hot metal.
1964 H. Hodges Artifacts iv. 77 The heads were either cast, or formed as the rivets were closed using sets (setts) or snaps.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

setn.2

Brit. /sɛt/, U.S. /sɛt/
Forms: Also Middle English–1500s sette, Middle English– sett.
Etymology: originally (in sense 1) < Old French sette < Latin secta sect n.1, but in subsequent developments of meaning influenced by set v.1 and apprehended as equivalent to ‘number set together’. The application to things (branch II) may be partly due to Middle Low German gesette set or suite (of pieces), whence apparently German gesetz set of knitting needles, etc., Danish sæt set of china, suit of clothes.
I. A number or group of persons.
1. A religious body, sect. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [noun]
churcheOE
kirkc1175
spousea1200
lawa1225
lorea1225
religionc1325
faithc1384
sectc1386
seta1387
leara1400
hirselc1480
professiona1513
congregation1526
communion1553
schism1555
segregation1563
sex1583
hortus conclususa1631
confessiona1641
dispensation1643
sectary1651
churchship1675
cult1679
persuasion1732
denomination1746–7
connection1753
covenant1818
sectarism1821
organized religion1843
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 41 After þe deþ of Machometus þat cursede secte encresede so faste þat it drouȝ myȝti men of Pers to þe corsed lawe of þe Arabes. Al þat sette haþ infecte..al Affrica.
c1500 Melusine (1895) xxxvi. 272 Many other of our sette and lawe.
c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Acts xxiv. 14 Eftir the sett [Wycl. secte] quhilk thai say herresie, sa I serue to God the fadir.
c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. 2 Pet. ii. 1 Maistris learis, that sal bring in settis [Wycl. sectes] of perditioun.
1538 in W. A. J. Archbold Somerset Relig. Houses (1892) 80 What ys my lord Audley, a man off ye new sett or arfter ye olde sorte?
in extended use.c1450 Mankind 372 Ȝe wolde haue me of yowur sett?
2.
a. A number, company, or group (of persons) associated by community of status, habits, occupations, or interests. Often with depreciatory implication (cf. lot n. 16). In the 17th–18th centuries frequently spelt sett. [Probably transferred from uses in branch II.]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > [noun] > persons of same profession, occupation, or pursuits
ordera1382
set1682
league1935
1682 N. Tate & J. Dryden 2nd Pt. Absalom & Achitophel 17 The Rest..Who n'er had Wit nor Will for Mischief yet, But pleas'd to be reputed of a Set.
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §122. 151 A Sett of Children thus ordered, and kept from the ill example of others, would..learn to read, write, and what else one would have them, as others do their ordinary Plays.
1701 W. Paterson Proposals Council of Trade 72 The Fisheries were become a tempting Morsel for a Sett of avaricious Hucksters, and Monopolists.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 105 A Set of Artisans, that by the help of several Poles..build themselves up into a kind of Pyramid.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 440. ⁋1 A Sett of merry Fellows.
1733 J. Barber Let. 6 Feb. in J. Swift et al. Lett. (1768) V. 302 I have been, for many years, plagued with a sett of ungrateful monsters, called Cousins, that I tremble at the name.
1774 J. Bryant New Syst. (new ed.) I. 258 This kind of divination is still carried on by a set of priests.
1783 S. Johnson Lives Eng. Poets (rev. ed.) III. 148 A very numerous and splendid set of acquaintance.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. viii. 153 A set of smugglers, gypsies, and other desperadoes.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 164 I think the abolitionists of the United States the most reasonable set of people that I ever knew to be united together for one object.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxiii. 601 In the hope that a new set of customers might be developed.
1894 E. T. Ayers Bowls 26 The six [players] divide or ‘cut’ into two sets of three.
b. absol. (cf. sense 3).
ΚΠ
1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 34 There will come a new hungry Sett.
1691 J. Dryden King Arthur Prol. sig. A5v Among the rest, there are a sharping Sett.
a1704 T. Brown Declam. Praise Poverty (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1730) I. 92 If this sett were thrown aside and men of poverty and honesty put in their stead.
1759 S. Johnson Idler 13 Oct. 321 There was a select set, supposed to be distinguished by superiority of intellects.
1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xiv. 196 ‘Who are we among,..?’ asked Vivian. ‘Oh! an odd set,’ said the lady, looking dignified.
1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 17 A highly trust-worthy, laborious, and hardworking set.
1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey I. 292 The shepherds were an uncouth-looking set.
1885 Liverpool Daily Post 23 Oct. 4/7 He did not speak or preach in the dialect of any party or set.
c. A political group or party. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun]
partc1385
livery1477
faction1509
partialitya1533
side1566
party1682
set1748
democracy1803
machine party1858
column1906
MNLF1975
1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. liv. 28 In comes another Set, and kicketh them down Stairs.
1750 in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury (1870) I. 78 That the Bedford set will be honourably kicked up or down stairs.
1790 E. Burke Corr. (1844) III. 140 I intend no controversy with Dr. Price, or Lord Shelburne, or any other of their set.
d. A subdivision of pupils or students (esp. in a single year) for instruction on a particular subject: usually one of a number of such groupings and often constituted according to ability.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > division of pupils > stream or set
set1882
stream1938
track1959
1882 in R. S. Churchill Winston S. Churchill (1967) Compan. Vol. I. i. iii. 90 Place in 3rd Set of 14 boys for ½ Term—14th.
1889 Boy's Own Paper 7 Sept. 781 Those dry definitions [of Euclid] seem twaddle to me (I admit I am low in my set).
1914 ‘I. Hay’ Lighter Side School Life i. 15 He must know whether Mr. A. in the Senior Science Set is expounding theories of inorganic chemistry which have been obsolete for ten years.
1961 M. Beadle These Ruins are Inhabited (1963) vi. 86 Sets are ability groups. In each subject the boys had been divided into fast, average and slower-moving sections; each of these sets met as a class.
1971 P. D. James Shroud for Nightingale ii. 41 We haven't used the demonstration room since Nurse Pearce's death but otherwise the set is continuing to work according to plan.
e. A gang of pickers assigned to a hop-bin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > [noun] > hop-picking > hop-picker > gang
set1805
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 752 Three, four, or more pickers being employed in clearing the binds of the hops..: these, with the person engaged in sorting the poles, are denominated a set.
3.
a. A group of persons in society having its own peculiar interests, fashions, and conventions; a social group of a select or exclusive character. Frequently with qualifying adj. or n. indicating the location, affiliation, or characteristic activities of the group, as the Bloomsbury (Chelsea, Cliveden, etc.) set. smart set: see smart adj. 14. Cf. jet set n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > [noun] > social group > exclusive
sect1608
circle1646
coterie1738
circuit1752
set1780
in-group1906
1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal i. ii. 12 The set she meets at her house, encourage her to disobedience.
1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 91 Sir Edward, not deigning to mingle with the set, leaned on his daughter's chair.
a1817 J. Austen Persuasion (1818) IV. iv. 69 They will move in the first set in Bath. View more context for this quotation
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 33 What a delightful ‘set’ she belonged to at her school: how comfortable they all were once, without any sets, till several grocers' daughters began to come in.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess Prol. 1 I was there From college, visiting the son,..with others of our set.
1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1855) II. viii. 80 Your intimacy was with Emma. It has cooled. Your sets are different. The Tomkins's are not quite &c. &c.
1890 W. Besant Demoniac i These men constituted the best set in the College... All were reading men, and all good men.
1906 B. Vaughan Sins of Society (1908) 16 What a treacherous world was the Smart Set in which the Prodigal rioted.
1914 J. M. Keynes Let. 2 July in R. F. Harrod Life J. M. Keynes (1951) iv. 171 She..is asking no one but a few of my so-called ‘Bloomsbury set’!
1922 M. Cowley in Dial 73 231 She [sc. K. Mansfield] has three backgrounds only: continental hotels, New Zealand upper-class society, and a certain artistic set in London.
1938 H. Nicolson Diary 19 Sept. (1966) 361 We talk of..how terrible has been the influence of the Cliveden set.
1944 N. Coward Middle East Diary 49 This place is the last refuge of the soi-disant ‘International Set’.
1960 J. Betjeman Summoned by Bells ix. 107 I climbed,..Until I reached what seemed to me the peak—The leisured set in Canterbury Quad.
1977 News of World 17 Apr. 5/5 The Prince of the Beatniks abdicated... He said goodbye to the Chelsea Set.
b. A meeting of a street gang or group of ‘street people’, esp. a party; the place where such a group meets. Also, the group itself. U.S. colloquial.Frequently in Black English.
ΚΠ
1959 Esquire Nov. 70 Set, a party.
1967 Trans-action Apr. 5/2 The more or less organized center of street life is the ‘set’—meaning both the peer group and the places where it hangs out.
1969 R. L. Keiser Vice Lords iv. 40 A set had been planned... Throughout the prior week, the set was a constant topic of conversation. The clothes that were going to be worn and the girls that were going to be present were repeatedly discussed.
1970 E. Bullins Theme is Blackness (1973) 178 What's happenin'? What'cha doin' tonight, baby? Why don't we make the set?
1972 J. Mills Rep. to Commissioner 100 When junkies and pushers on a particular set learn or suspect an agent's identity, he has ‘taken a burn’.
1975 Amer. Speech 1972 47 152 Blue eyes, you are not in my set.
4. The number of couples required to perform a country dance or square dance.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > square, figure, or set dance > [noun] > number of couples needed
set1766
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. ix. 82 We were in want of ladies also to make up a set at country dances.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. ix. 122 The household of the governor and his lady formed a set.
1816 J. Austen Emma III. ii. 23 Emma was..delighted to see the respectable length of the set as it was forming. View more context for this quotation
1816 J. Austen Emma III. ii. 29 Mr. Knightley leading Harriet to the set ! View more context for this quotation
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) ii. 15 Quadrilles were being systematically got through by two or three sets of dancers.
1890 A. C. Gunter Miss Nobody (1891) xviii. 209 She is at the side of the set, he at the head.
II. A number or collection of things.
5.
a. A collection of instruments, tools, or machines customarily used together in a particular operation; a complete apparatus employed for some specific purpose.For various specific applications, see quots.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > group > set of things to be used or made together
gang?1340
pair1351
suit1424
nest1467
cast1535
set1561
stander1578
shift1592
casea1616
set-out1806
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > [noun] > set of
set1669
companion1843
kit1845
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > [noun] > collectively
machinery1731
enginery1774
plant1789
set1842
installation1882
1561 [see sense 6a].
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Ieu Vn ieu de violles, a set, or chest of violls.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. ii. ii. 53 You must have two or three Sorts and Sets of Steel Letters and Figures.
1677 G. Miege New Dict. French & Eng. i. sig. *Vvvv/3 Un Jeu de Quilles [Boyer: neuf quilles pour jouer], a set of pins.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 98 A whole Set of Punches of the same Body of Roman and Italica.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 70 They will..provide two setts of Rudder-Irons to each Ship.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 108. ¶4 A Set of Shuttlecocks.
1773 Life N. Frowde 39 A complete Sett of Mathematical Instruments.
1825 Gentleman's Mag. 95 i. 215 Five or six of these barbacues form a set close to the pulping-mill.
1842 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 5 387/1 The ‘hanging sets’ or columns of pumps, with their ‘ground spears’ used in sinking the shafts.
1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 567 The bin-man, with his pickers, is placed to a certain number of hills, which is called a set.
1864 A. Jeffrey Hist. Roxburghshire IV. 117 A sett of machines, at this time [c1818], consisted of a double scribbler,..a double carder,..a 36-spindled billy,..and four 48-spindled jennies.
1879 Man. Siege & Garrison Artillery Exercises 117 A set of scales, consisting of a front and rear scale.
1881 R. Forgan Golfer's Handbk. 35 Set, a pack of clubs.
1884 Instr. Mil. Engin. (ed. 3) I. ii. 23 In laying out tools in rows the sets should be one pace apart.
1897 R. F. Foster Compl. Hoyle 563 Matadore Game... Four dominoes in the set are trumps or Matadores.
b. = pumpset n. at pump n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > set or installation of
pumpset1883
pumping set?1889
set?1889
?1889 W. Tate Princ. Mining xxi. 157 The lifting set delivers into a cistern from which the forcing set pumps the water to bank.
1950 Water Power II. 219 The installation comprises two vertical sets consisting of motor and pump only.
1977 Pump Costs (5th Techn. Conf. of Brit. Pump Manuf. Assoc.) 231 The circuits were modified to give a signal ‘pump unprimed’ but not to shut down the set.
c. A piece of electrical or electronic apparatus, as a telephone, a telegraph receiver or transmitter, a radio or television receiver, etc. Also, a radar transmitter and receiver. Cf. handset n.2
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telegraphy > telegraph > [noun]
telly1796
telegraph1797
telelectrograph1857
thought-conductor1889
magneto-telegraph1890
set?1891
society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > telephone equipment > [noun] > telephone
telephone instrument1844
telephone1864
phone1884
telephone set1884
set?1891
tubec1899
handset1901
blower1922
the horn1945
satellite telephone1961
dog1979
satellite phone1982
society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > receiver
responder1900
set1915
receiver1930
society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radar apparatus
radar1941
set1948
rig1966
society > communication > broadcasting > television > transmitting or receiving apparatus > [noun] > television set
television set1924
television1929
home video1949
TV1949
box1950
transistor set1953
telly1954
idiot box1955
monitor1957
boob tube1959
goggle-box1959
transportable1959
the tube1959
portable1960
set1961
widescreen1982
?1891 Man. Instr. Army Telegr.: Field Telegraphs Plate II (caption) Two single current sets.
1898 Electrician 4 Mar. 625/2 A diminutive telephone set..is now being put on the market.
1903 Sci. Siftings 25 49/1 The instruments of the portable military out~fits are similar to those of the permanent station sets.
1913 Wireless World Apr. p. xxxiv/2 The hon. secretary showed some model Marconi apparatus and a portable set.
1915 A. Fage Aeroplane iv. 42 A wireless set driven by a motor-cycle engine is mounted in front of the passenger's seat.
1923 Radio Broadcast Jan. 181/2 Drug stores, music stores, cigar stores, even men's furnishing stores have radio sets for sale.
1924 E. T. Larner (title) Crystal Sets.
1926 R. W. Hutchinson First Course Wireless ix. 156 A long trailing connection between lead-in and set, or a long connection attached to the walls is not efficient.
1929 Daily Express 7 Nov. 14/3 It means that set-owners are thrown on their own resources if they desire to reach out beyond the limits of these islands.
1931 B. Brown Talking Pictures vi. 146 Wherever one looked there seemed space and wide, flat walls. One of the larger-sized sets should have been required to fill such an amount of enclosing surfaces.
1932 B.B.C. Year-bk. 116 The purely utilitarian purpose of assuring the listener in an inoffensive way that all is well with his set.
1936 W. H. S. Smith Let. 13 Dec. in Young Man's Country (1977) ii 46 I dropped in on Stansbury..to hear his wireless which is a very good set.
1948 J. L. Hornung Radar Primer v. 123 The electrical features of radar sets for use in airplanes are similar to those of sets used on ships.
1955 Radio Times 22 Apr. 30/1 (advt.) Here is a..table radiogram... Fine sets these Ferguson's.
1961 L. Mumford City in Hist. xvi. 496 Reality has been progressively reduced to what filters through the screen of the television set.
1972 Works Engineer June 12 (heading) Standby electric generator sets.
1974 P. N. Wilson Water Turbines 17 (caption) Model of 83,000 HP Francis turbine hydro-electric set at Eildon Power Station, Australia.
1976 M. Gilbert Night of Twelfth ix. 88 He used to have that old set going all day. You'll be just in time for the six o'clock news.
d. In sound films, the apparatus which produces the sound.
ΚΠ
1931 B. Brown Talking Pictures viii. 188 The twelve minutes or so occupied by the process might be filled in by the orchestra or non-synchronous set.
6.
a. A number of musical instruments arranged to play together; a band; also set of music. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > [noun] > collectively
musica1382
minstrelsyc1390
set1561
orchestra1770
musical1809
family1842
instrumentarium1893
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer ii. sig. M.ivv The musike of a sette of Violes.
1660 Englands Joy in Fourth Coll. Scarce & Valuable Tracts (1751) II. 142 In many Places Sets of loud Musick.
1670 R. Baxter Cure Church-div. 75 As a musical instrument in tune or a set of musick, delight the hearer by the pleasing harmony.
1679 A. Lovell tr. F. Pomey Indiculus Universalis 165 A set of Violins.
b. A suite of bells to be rung together.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > bell > [noun] > set of bells
ring1549
chime1550
peal1630
set1771
carillon1774
musical chime1798
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 223 A variety of tunes, played upon a set of bells.
1906 J. J. Raven Bells 11 A treble in a village set of four or five.
c. A ‘pair’ of organs, of bagpipes: see pair n.1 6.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > organ > [noun]
organc1380
a pair (also set) of organs1422
box of whistles1678
kist o' whistles1772
set1795
whistle-kist1843
pipe organ1862
melodica1890
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > pipe > [noun] > bagpipe
bagc1275
stivec1290
cornemusec1384
musettea1393
bagpipec1405
pair1422
pipec1450
muse1484
drone1502
lilt-pipea1525
great pipe1592
miskin1593
Highland pipe1599
small-pipes1656
piffero1724
Highland bagpipe1728
zampogna1740
union pipes1788
Lowland pipes1794
pibroch1807
piob mhor1838
gaita1846
sack pipe1889
set1893
biniou1902
uillean pipes1906
1795 Diary in Antiquary (1896) Oct. 303 Doncaster... Fine set of organs.
1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona Concl. 368 We were guided up to the garret where he lay by the sound of Highland piping. It seemed he had just borrowed a set of them from Bohaldie to amuse his sickness.
7. A ‘pair’ of beads. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. iii. 146 Ile giue my iewels for a set of Beades. View more context for this quotation
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 55 Vpon the Coffin lie a set of great Beades.
8.
a. A collection of volumes by one author, dealing with one subject, belonging to one department of literature, or issued in a series.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > series or set > [noun]
setc1600
series1711
c1600 in M. E. C. Walcott William of Wykeham (1852) 166 Item, a sett of Ovids 0£. 5s. 4d.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 106 And this small packet of Greeke and Latine bookes...Take you the Lute, and you the set of bookes.
1712 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 461 I want Setts also for several others.
1726 in J. Ker Mem. (advt.) Price 10 Guineas the small, 15 Guineas the large Paper in Sheets for the whole Set.
1778 F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 54 My Father told me it was a shame that I, the Author, should not have even one set of my own Work.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. xx. 322 Commentaries,..sets of the fathers, and sermons.
1873 T. B. Aldrich Marjorie Daw i. 10 A complete set of Balzac's works, twenty-seven volumes.
1911 Publisher's List Dickens' Works, 18 vols. Sold in Sets only, excepting the single vols. listed above.
b. A number of musical compositions forming a whole, as a church ‘service’.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > [noun] > set of pieces
set1590
suite1806
partita1864
triptych1925
1590 T. Watson (title) The first sett, of Italian Madrigalls Englished.
1603 Inventory 29 Mar. in J. Gage Hist. & Antiq. Hengrave, Suffolk (1822) 24 vj bookes covered with pchement. contg vj setts in a book, with songs of iiij, v, vj, vij and viij partes.
1788 in G. Grove Dict. Music (1883) III. 476/2 A set of Quartetts.
1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. vii. 189 His Highness..composed an entire set of grotesque music for the Festival of Asses.
1883 J. Stainer in G. Grove Dict. Music III. 472 The Gloria has once more been included in the set... The Offertory sentences may perhaps be looked upon as a legitimate addition to the set.
c. A complete series of the parts of a periodical publication.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journal > periodical > [noun] > series
set1701
run1868
1701 J. Hudson Let. 29 Apr. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 302 I wish you would try Smith & Walford for..the Philosophical Transactions, our sett reaching not far, and being imperfect in the first Volumes.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 31. ⁋8 They had never heard of the Tatler 'till I brought down a Set.
1830 T. Carlyle in Foreign Rev. 5 12 He perused the antiquated sets of Newspapers.
1834 T. B. Macaulay Let. 4 Jan. in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) I. 354 All the Edinburgh Reviews are being bound, so that we shall have a complete set up to the forthcoming number.
d. A series of prints by the same engraver.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > an engraving > series by same engraver
set1768
1768 Boyer's Royal Dict. (rev. ed.) (at cited word) A whole set of Prints ingraved by John Audran.
1841 R. Browning Pippa Passes in Bells & Pomegranates No. I 5/1 You brought those foreign prints... Nothing but saying His own set wants the proof-mark, roused him up.
1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xi. 118 He could talk the art-cant..and had a set of Morghens and Madonnas.
e. A definite number of copies of a bill of exchange or of lading: see quot. 1818.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > receipt > types of > number of copies of bill of lading
set1818
1818 J. Chitty Bills of Exchange (ed. 5) 81 The several parts of a foreign bill are called a set; each part contains a condition, that it shall be paid, provided the others remain unpaid.
1865 H. Phillips Amer. Paper Currency II. 91 Bills of exchange were directed to be prepared in setts of four.
1883 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 11 333 The bill of lading had been drawn in a set of three copies.
f. A number of pieces of Jazz or popular music performed in sequence by a musician or group. Cf. sense 8b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > [noun] > set of pieces > in jazz or pop
set1946
1946 B. Treadwell Big Bk. of Swing 125/2 Set, group of musical selections.
1955 S. Whitmore Solo ii. v. 159 Between sets at Fack's Jaeger found himself alone.
1967 New Yorker 21 Jan. 52 I played two sets and Marsala asked me to join the band.
1977 Sounds 1 Jan. We all write lyrics but they're too disgusting to be included in the set.
9.
a. A number of things connected in temporal or spatial succession or by natural production or formation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > group
fleeta1400
congregation1526
batch1597
parcel1598
seta1616
group1705
lodge1737
groupment1837
klomp1853
tally1890
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > group > a set of things forming a complex unity > of natural phenomena
seta1616
system1815
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 135 Hee'le watch the horolodge a double set, If drinke rocke not his cradle. View more context for this quotation
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 74 The least bitling of it will so far club and fall in with the laws that bind the whole Set.
1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel App. ii. 278 The seven last plagues of the Vials supposing a Sett or Number of plagues antecedent.
1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 32 You do not cast any given Sett of Faces with four Cubical Dice.
1759 R. Smith Harmonics (ed. 2) ix. 212 The Proper Set of Beats, which the said vths ought to make in the given organ.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 303 A new set of words to the old tune of ‘over the Water to Charlie’.
1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xxviii. 574 An elaborate temporary set of muscles provided for the purpose.
1893 H. H. Howorth Glacial Nightmare I. 31 A set of low hills also intervene.
b. The complement of teeth (natural or artificial) with which a person (or animal) is furnished.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > tooth or teeth > [noun] > set of
set1678
ratelier1812
mouthful of teeth1871
snapper1924
1678 J. Browne Compl. Disc. Wounds l. 236 The Tongue being thus guarded with a Sett of Teeth.
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical ix. 97 Other knaves..take as much for Drawing out an Old Tooth, as would buy a Sett of New ones.
1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy i. i I have worn out four pair of pattens with following my old lady Youthful, for one set of false teeth, and but three pots of paint.
1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xxiv. 230 Her ladyship's teeth (a new and exceedingly handsome set).
1878 L. P. Meredith Teeth (ed. 2) 250 With mouths so unfavourable that it is impossible to adapt a set of teeth to them.
1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 15 Each set when complete consists of incisor, canine, and molar teeth.
c. set of features n. Obsolete the lineaments of a person's face.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > [noun] > with reference to form
featurea1375
visagea1400
favour1597
set of features1713
1713 J. Addison Cato i. iv. 12 'Tis not a Sett of Features, or Complexion..that I admire.
1779 G. Keate Sketches from Nature (ed. 2) I. 59 That air of sensibility..accompanied with a pleasing set of features.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. ii. 25 He had a tall handsome figure, a good set of features.
d. A spell (of weather); = series n. 5b. Obsolete exc. dialect (but cf. set-in adj. (b) at set adj.1 Compounds 3b, to set in 5 at set v.1 Phrasal verbs 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [noun] > stretch, period, or portion of time > period of certain character, condition, or events
dayOE
dayOE
summer day1563
tempestivity1569
set1633
stretch1689
period1712
run1714
tack1723
spell1827
dreamtime1844
time coursea1867
patch1897
dreaming1932
quality time1972
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [noun] > spell of weather
season1608
slatcha1625
set1633
fit1690
series1723
spell1728
1633 T. James Strange Voy. 104 Wee must haue a set of faire weather, to passe the Straight.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1666 (1955) III. 452 With a long set of faire & warme weather.
1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down (at cited word) A long set of saft weather.
10.
a. A number of things grouped together according to a system of classification or conceived as forming a whole.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class > a number of things classed together
class1583
coveya1592
parcel1607
batch1616
sisterhood1616
clan1667
band1690
set1690
lot1710
group1718
brotherhood1728
kit1785
package1947
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [noun] > a complex whole > an organized or collective whole > number of things seen as
pair1351
set1690
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. i. 37 Which Operations..do furnish the Understanding with another sett of Ideas.
1701 J. Swift Disc. Contests Nobles & Commons v. 57 He assumes..an entire Set of very different Airs.
1730 A. Malcolm New Syst. Arithm. 509 Conceive two or more different Setts (or Systems) of Things, containing each the same, or a different number of Things.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. p. xxiii My old Friend..did..invent a Set of Words and Phrases.
1745 E. Young Complaint: Night the Eighth 20 Virtue has her peculiar Set of Pains.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 240 An exact plan..of Nature's operations in this minute set of creatures.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 135 The set of notions, which he had acquired from his education.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. vi. i. 300 The Constitution, the set of Laws,..that men will live under.
1857 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers (1890) III. 35 Let L denote a set of any four elements, a, b, c, d.
1897 W. P. Ker Epic & Romance ii. vi. 201 The poet is at this point free to make use of a new set of motives.
b. Mathematics. Used variously, as defined by the individual author. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1837 W. R. Hamilton in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 17 Science 422 The author hopes to publish hereafter..a Theory of Triplets and Sets of Moments.
1848 W. R. Hamilton in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 21 201 When we have in any manner been led to form successively the separate conceptions of any number of moments of time, we may afterwards form the new conception of a system, or momental set, to which all these separate moments belong.
1886 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 177 23 If the collection be such that whatever undistinguished components abcd…, pqrs…we select, and whatever other component lmno…we select, w, x, y, z…can always be selected from the collection, then the collection will be termed a set.
c. Mathematics and Logic. An assemblage of distinct entities, either individually specified or which satisfy certain specified conditions. Cf. element n. 5d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set
set1857
interval1902
intersection1909
union1912
lattice1933
matroid1935
closure1937
Steiner triple or triplet system1939
recursive set1943
convex hull1951
power set1953
convex envelope1964
Steiner system1966
Julia set1976
Mandelbrot set1984
1857 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 147 717 Any values (x1, y1, z1,…) satisfying the equations, are said to constitute a set of roots of the system.
1897 W. Burnside Theory Groups of Finite Order i. 1 Let a1, a2,…, an be a set of n distinct letters.
1903 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 4 27 A set of elements in which a rule of combination ○ is so defined as to satisfy the following three postulates shall be called an Abelian group with respect to ○.
1937 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 2 66 According to the leading idea of the von Neumann set theory we have to deal with two kinds of individuals, which we may distinguish as sets and classes. The distinction may be thought of in this way, that a set is a multitude forming a proper thing, whereas a class is a predicate regarded only with respect to its extension.
1965 E. M. Patterson & D. E. Rutherford Elem. Abstr. Algebra i. 3 If x is an element of a set S, we write xS.
1972 A. G. Howson Handbk. Terms Algebra & Anal. ii. 8 A set is a totality of certain definite, distinguishable objects of our intuition or thought—called the elements of the set. This classic definition of a set was given by Georg Cantor in 1874. Such attempts to give elementary definitions of a set are, however, doomed to failure, their being in the main based on the use of undefined synonyms, such as ‘collection’, and leading to logical inconsistencies (see Russell paradox..). For this reason, mathematicians now regard the notion of a set as an undefined, primitive concept.
1975 I. Stewart Concepts Mod. Math. iv. 47 There is only one empty set. All empty sets are equal.
d. transferred. Used variously in Linguistics (see quots.).
ΚΠ
1935 W. F. Twaddell On defining Phoneme 60 A modification occurs only in phonetic fractions corresponding to forms, the relations of which constitute relations of sets of micro-phonemes.
1942 B. Bloch & G. L. Trager Outl. Ling. Anal. iii. 45 A structural set is a group of all the phonemes which occur in a given phonetic environment and hence, in that position, directly contrast with each other.
1964 M. A. K. Halliday et al. Ling. Sci. ii. 22 The range of possibilities in a closed choice is called technically a system, that in an open choice a set... We often talk of ‘closed system’ and ‘open set’.
11. The complete collection of the ‘pieces’ composing a suite of furniture, a service of china, a clothing outfit, or the like.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > [noun] > set of furniture
widow's chamber1680
set1687
suite1773
dining set1816
chamber1845
garden suite1874
dinette1931
three-piece1966
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. xxiii. 160 All these Pavillions are..lined within with sets of lovely Tapistry.
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Nnn4v/3 A fine Set of Silver Plate.
1696 London Gaz. No. 3158/4 Fine Sets for Dressing Tables.
1697 tr. Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 140 Neither is it enough to have one Sett of Jewels, as our Ladies in France have.
1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. (at cited word) A Set of Diamonds... A Set of Buttons.
1779 Mirror No. 40 The fall of a set of Dresden.
1798 R. W. Miller in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. p. clx I..had every man..at work to alter some of her own sails, and some we got from the Serieuse to make up a set for her.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxix. 247 A set of Irish diamonds and Cairngorms.
1859 Habits Good Society iv. 163 Her set of winter sables.
1867 H. Latham Black & White 74 The door~keeper wears a set of shooting dittos.
12.
a. A series of buildings or apartments associated in use; esp. a suite of apartments let as lodgings.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > [noun] > buildings
structure1560
range1618
structure1671
set1722
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > hired lodgings
chambers1581
rooms1623
lodging1640
digging1838
set1840
digs1893
1722 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack 161 He led me into a..Set of Ware-houses.
1820 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 79/1 A single room out of the sixteen sets composing that part of the Hall [i.e. Magdalen Hall].
1833 H. Martineau Brooke & Brooke Farm (ed. 3) iv. 53 His one set of farm buildings.
1840 J. T. J. Hewlett Peter Priggins xiv, in New Monthly Mag. The Dean's scout was summoned to..show me the rooms..that I might select any set I chose.
1841 W. M. Thackeray Great Hoggarty Diamond ix First we went into lodgings,—into three sets in three weeks.
a1890 H. P. Liddon et al. Life E. B. Pusey (1893) I. iv. 89 At Lent term, 1826, Pusey went into rooms in Oriel College. The set he occupied [etc.].
b. Mining. In full set of timber(s: A frame for supporting the side of a level or shaft, or the roof of a gallery.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > pit supports
yoking1653
set1830
crib1839
tub1839
wedging crib1839
cribbing1841
ring crib1849
tack1849
tymp1883
1830 Gloss. Eng. Mining Terms (Cornwall) 22 in Q. Mining Rev. June Set of timber, a frame complete to support each side of the vein, level, or shaft.
1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 263 (note) The ‘set of timbers’ may perhaps be fairly assumed to represent 50 cubic yards of material removed.
1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 276 Replacing the old timbers with new square sets.
13.
a. A team of (usually six) horses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > draught-horse > team of
cartware1555
set1688
bell-team1824
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. i. sig. D 3/3 Attelage, a Set of Horses for a Coach or Cart, or of Oxen for a Cart or Plough, four of each.
1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 402 He would give Sets of Chariot-Horses.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. xxiv. 206 To wait upon my Beloved with a coach and four, or a set.
a1794 E. Gibbon Memoirs in Misc. Wks. (1796) I. 82 The favourite team, a handsome set of bays or greys.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 153 A set of horses for town.
b. A train of coal-trucks.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > vehicle for underground haulage or transportation > set of
train1825
set1863
run1876
journey1883
jag1900
spake1935
1863 R. Scott Ventil. Mines 10 [The doors] are at a sufficient distance from each other, so as to admit the set to pass through the one before the other is required to be opened.
1871 Daily News 17 Aug. When the sets had arrived at ‘meetings’, instead of passing each other, they ran on to the same line.
14. The series of movements or figures that make up a square dance or country dance, esp. the quadrille; the music adapted to this. first set n. see quots. 1894, 1898. (Cf. set dance n. at set adj.1 Compounds 1.) running set: see running set n. at running adj. Compounds 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [noun] > figure > series of
set1836
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > dance music > [noun] > folk or country dance
country dance?1577
set1836
gypsy dance1839
contre-danse1880
folk-dance1909
society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [noun] > figure > figures in quadrilles and country-dances
allemande?1770
reel1804
pastourelle?1814
poussette1814
pastorale1822
ladies' chain1825
poussetting1836
tour1841
grand chain1864
first set1894
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 300 He attached himself solely to Miss Julia Briggs, with whom he danced no less than three sets consecutively.
1850 G. Cupples Green Hand ii. 17/2 They were soon gliding away in the first set.
1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. xi. 104 The discreet automaton [at the piano]..played a..tuneless ‘set’.
1894 E. Scott Dancing 119 The Quadrille. (Generally known as the First Set.)
1898 tr. G. Vuillier Hist. Dancing 431 The ‘First Set’ came over from Paris,..and was introduced..as the ‘Parisian Quadrille’.

Compounds

Special combinations.
set theory n. the branch of mathematics which deals with sets without regard to the nature of their individual constituents; an axiomatization which allows of the discussion of sets.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > branch or theory relating to
syntax1861
set theory1936
continuum hypothesis1938
1936 W. V. Quine in Jrnl. Symbolic Logic June 45 Set-theoretic Foundations for Logic... In his set theory Zermelo uses the variables ‘x’, ‘y’, etc. for the representation of ‘things’ generally.
1937 Jrnl. Symbolic Logic 2 65 The system of axioms for set theory to be exhibited in this paper is a modification of the axiom system due to von Neumann.
1971 Where Nov. 332/1 Many would probably ‘solve’ it by using set theory and drawing a Venn diagram.
1975 N. Chomsky Logical Struct. Ling. Theory iii. 107 We will assume..that each level includes a full set theory, so that we can also form sets of strings, sequences of strings, etc.
set-theoretic adj.
ΚΠ
1964 E. Mendelson Introd. Math. Logic Pref. p. vii In the belief that beginners should be exposed to the most natural and easiest proofs, free-swinging set-theoretic methods have been used.
set-theoretical adj. of or pertaining to set theory.
ΚΠ
1957 P. Suppes Introd. to Logic xi. 232 A function is a set-theoretical, not a linguistic, entity.
set-theoretically adv.
ΚΠ
1952 S. C. Kleene Introd. Metamath. xiv. 424 B is a ‘theorem’ set-theoretically.

Draft additions 1993

Bodybuilding. A fixed number of repetitions of a particular exercise, performed as a unit.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > physical culture or body-building > group of exercises
rep1936
set1956
1956 Muscle Power June 41/2 Which brings us up to his routine... The exercises, the weights, the sets and the repetitions will now be listed here.
1961 Muslce Power Nov. 27/1 Going in for high sets of high reps he soon trimmed that ‘smoothness’ away.
1985 Bodypower June 5/1 Gladys began to grimace during the 8th rep but managed to perform two more for her first set.

Draft additions 1993

A group of waves of similar height and force. Surfing slang.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > [noun] > types or parts of wave
pounder1927
dumper1933
take-off1935
greeny1940
beach break1954
beacher1956
big kahuna1959
greenback1959
close out1962
curl1962
shore break1962
shoulder1962
soup1962
tube1962
wall1962
face1963
peak1963
pipeline1963
set1963
reef break1965
surfable wave1965
point break1966
green room1968
slide1968
barrel1975
left-hander1980
A-frame1992
1963 Surfing Yearbk. 43/1 Set, a group of waves.
1977 Fortune Aug. 75/2 Prone on his board, Hastings paddles out beyond the line of breakers, and then watches for a set of waves to roll in.
1986 Wavelength Surfing II. ii. 68/2 The surf was a constant 2–3ft with the occasional 4–5ft set, and the scoring average for the six scoring waves was around 6.0–7.5 per heat.

Draft additions June 2019

set girl n. (also with capital initials) now chiefly historical (in Jamaica) a female dancer who performs at traditional festivals such as junkanoo (see junkanoo n.).Usually in plural. Set girls typically perform in groups, each group having its own elaborate and colourful costume, and often sing and play instruments to accompany the dancing.
ΚΠ
1832 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log xiv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 469/2 This day was the first of the Negro Carnival or Christmas Holidays, and at the distance of two miles from Kingston the..mellow singing of the Set Girls..came off upon the breeze loud and strong.
1968 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 16 Mar. 7/2 There was a dancing display by girls dressed as set girls in colours of the Jamaican flag.
2009 Forward (Nexis) 9 Jan. (Arts & Culture section) 13 Jonkonnu celebrations developed their own stock characters, such as the Queen (or Ma'am) of the singing and dancing Set Girls.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

setadj.1

Brit. /sɛt/, U.S. /sɛt/
Forms: see set v.1 Forms 3.
Etymology: past participle of set v.1
When in concord with a following n., it was formerly often hyphened.
1. In various strictly participial uses, with reference to corresponding senses of the verb.
a. Of a task, a subject of study or discourse: Imposed or prescribed. Now rare except in set book: a book ‘set’ or prescribed as one of the subjects; also set text.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adjective] > imposing > imposed
seta1300
joinedc1475
imposed1630
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > [adjective] > imposed
seta1300
joinedc1475
society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > required reading > prescribed book
set book1888
a1300 Cursor Mundi 26270 Quen nede es for to slak þe sett penance þat es for plight.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 66 When you are to talk on a Set Subject.
1863 W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting i. 2 My natural aversion to any set task.
1888 Daily News 5 Nov. 5/2 Set books are for a Tripos the exception rather than the rule.
1966 N. Nicolson in H. Nicolson Diaries & Lett. (1966) 28 He read..the whole of Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes because it was my set-book at school.
1968 Listener 22 Aug. 244/3 By the end of 1967, however, it had sold more than 15,000 copies, mainly because a few enterprising examining bodies had chosen it as a set book for A-level GCE.
1982 Times 12 Aug. 8/3 Mrs. Thatcher's Family Policy Committee has been given a set text in the form of a paper by the recently appointed head of the Downing Street Policy Unit.
b. Of law: Imposed by definite enactment; = positive v. 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > branch of the law > [adjective] > specific
setc1200
positivec1385
naturalc1390
directive1610
distributive1651
directory1692
substantive lawa1832
naturel1856
natural law1934
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 17 Hit is iset lage..þat me sal children fuluhtnie.
c1320 Cast. Love 170 Two lawen Adam scholde..holden In Paradis: Þat on him was þorw kynde i-let, Þat oþer was clept lawe I-set.
c1320 Cast. Love 193 Þe kuyndeliche and þe set ek, Boþe his lawen he to-brek.
c. Of plants or trees: Planted, not self-sown or growing wild. Also, that has been ‘set’ or dibbled, not ‘sown’ broadcast. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > [adjective] > planted
plantedc1450
set1562
pricked-out1911
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 60 ii. sortes of sowen or set myrtel trees.
1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 60v The set or gardin Myrt tre.
1644 R. Symonds Diary (1859) 44 Round about the howse many rowes of sett tall oakes.
1780 Lett. & Papers Bath Soc. I. 15 A whole field was sown, and set, in alternate stetches... The produce of the set part was eight bushels per acre more than the sown.
d. Provided with a musical setting. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > [adjective] > set to music
set1598
1598 B. Yong tr. A. Pérez 2nd Pt. Diana in tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 237 The sweetenes of a Set-song.
1600 Englands Helicon sig. Tiv Out of M. Birds set Songs.
1706 A. Bedford Temple Musick xi. 226 Our Psalm Tunes were composed before any of our Set Services.
e. Placed in a setting, mounted.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [adjective] > of gems: placed in setting
set1535
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xxx. A Onix stones, set Rubyes [1611 stones to be set], & stones of dyuerse coloures.
1714 J. Gay Araminta in R. Steele Poet. Misc. 89 Her new-set Jewels round her Robe are plac'd.
f. Inserted in a fixed framework, built in. set bowl (U.S.), a lavatory basin. set tub (U.S.), a tub for washing, fixed in masonry. Also set-pot (see Compounds 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > condition of being fast bound or firmly fixed > [adjective] > in position > in fixed framework
set1885
1885 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham ii. 50 I'll do the wash.., said Mrs. Lapham. I presume you'll let me have set tubs.
1899 W. D. Howells Ragged Lady 185 He sympathized with her in her wish that there was a set-bowl in her room.
g. Of the teeth: Clenched.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > act of drawing body into compact form > [adjective] > clenched > of the teeth
grinched1635
set1810
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 111 With set teeth and clenched hand.
1876 A. J. Evans Through Bosnia viii. 368 The sailors..with set teeth laboured at the oars as for grim life.
h. Of types: That have been ‘set up’.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > composed type > [adjective]
set1837
set-up1856
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. ii. iv. 119 Your military ranked Arrangement going all (as the Typographers say of set types, in a similar case) rapidly to pie.
i. Of jelly: that has become firm. Cf. set v.1 97a, 97c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > jelly > [adjective] > set (of jelly)
set1973
1973 Cooking for Today (Good Housekeeping) 264/4 Pour half this vanilla jelly on to the set coffee jelly.
1974 M. Lindlaw Super Sweets & Puddings 58 Make up the Angel Delight..and pipe or swirl on to the set jelly.
2. Appointed or prescribed beforehand; †appointed for observance by the Church. Hence (with sense less distinctly participial), Fixed, definite, not subject to uncertainty or alteration.
a. Of a point of time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > particular time > [adjective] > definite, fixed, or set
setc1050
houredc1475
society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adjective] > ordaining, prescribing, or appointing > ordained, prescribed, or appointed
setc1050
assignedc1374
ordaineda1382
peremptor1397
prescriptc1460
constitute1483
prescribedc1503
assigneea1513
stinteda1513
peremptory1513
pointed1523
appointed1535
state1581
statuted1606
stated1644
instituted1647
constituted1651
indictive1656
indicteda1706
issued1760
prescriptive1765
ordered1780
mandated1944
society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > [adjective] > of time appointed for observance
set1597
c1050 Laws Northumb. Priests §36 (Liebermann) 382 Gif preost on gesetne timan tida ne ringe oððe tida ne singe.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 301 Ȝef eut ilimpeð misliche þet ȝe ne beo naut ihuslet iþeose sette termes.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12706 Arður þa hehte aðelest kinge. to ane isette time [c1300 Otho at one isat dai] þat folc isomnien.
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 18 The triews faylled at tyme sette & expired.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 213 Quhen the set day cumin was He sped him fast toward the place.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxx. 195 Festiuall solemnities and set dayes.
1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xvii. sig. D6 An old Colledge Butler..keepes the set houres at his booke more duly then any.
a1659 R. Brownrig 65 Serm. (1674) I. i. 12 God..sets much by them, that put him not off with some set-dayes service.
1701 J. Swift Disc. Contests Nobles & Commons iii. 28 The set time for Payment.
1769 E. Bancroft Ess. Nat. Hist. Guiana 325 The Indians have no set time of eating.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. vi. i. 370 There will not have arrived, at the set day, Three thousand of them in all.
b. Of wages, income, rent, quantity. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adjective] > ordaining, prescribing, or appointing > ordained, prescribed, or appointed > of quantity, wages, etc.
set?c1225
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 314 Nanancre seruant ne achte..to asken iset hure bute mete ant clað.
1504 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 262 Item, to the said Maister Andro, that he gaif in almous be the Kingis command, by the set almous..xxxjs.
1587 R. Hovenden in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 217 Which a sett rent can no wise affoord.
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 77v Half a Crowne..is the sette pryce of a strumpets soule.
a1640 P. Massinger Guardian i. i. 239 in 3 New Playes (1655) Some..Make a set living on't.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxii. 123 It is not a set number that makes the Assembly Unlawfull.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 480 Handsome Fountains planted at set Distances from one End of the Streets to the other.
1851 A. Helps Compan. Solitude ix. 163 There always will be a certain set amount of wrongdoing.
1891 Labour Commission Gloss. Set wages, a fixed weekly wage, apart altogether from piece-work.
c. Of rules, order, a form of words, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > [adjective] > ordaining, prescribing, or appointing > ordained, prescribed, or appointed > of rules, words, etc.
set1576
dictative1823
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 211 The..Princelike Palaices..,which the Archbishops..kept..to perfourme their set solemnities of housekeping.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xxvi. 56 A strange conceipt, that to serue God with any set forme of common prayer is superstitious.
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. i. §7. 182 As strictly tied vnto his set-motion, as a Mill-horse to his Mill.
1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §lxxx The Monarchicall government requires a constant and regular course of the set degrees of rule and inferiority.
1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 215 A long preparation of set Diet.
1710 G. Berkeley Treat. Princ. Human Knowl. §30 The set rules or established methods.
1879 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) vi. 283 The set words of a proverb.
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xvii. 201 Our religious system has no set form of liturgy to be got off by heart and repeated.
d. Of persons, things, places: Fixed, specified, definite. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > [adjective] > definite or determinate
firm1377
determinatec1386
certain1393
determinablec1400
precisec1443
finite1493
well-defined1551
definite1553
determined1570
set1594
perfixed1601
formed1605
punctual1615
well-marked1620
definitive1624
determinated1635
determinativea1676
clear-cut1843
1594 1st Pt. Raigne Selimus sig. B3v Things that were as common as the day, Did then to set possessours first obey.
1709 Ld. Shaftesbury Moralists i. i. 5 There are formal Set-Places, where..there is enough said and taught of this kind.
e. Of a meal in a hotel, etc.: consisting of a predetermined collection of dishes or items of food at a fixed price.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > [adjective] > qualities of meals
substantial1340
simplea1387
dry1483
of substance?c1500
large1528
hearty?1550
abstemious1604
scrambling1607
running1618
lusty1672
sit-down1789
well-served1796
à la carte1816
slap-up1823
quaresimal1828
scratch1851
square1868
scrambly1900
set1914
handout1915
all-you-can-eat1940
spready1960
carbo-load1986
1914 ‘Saki’ Beasts & Super-beasts 308 The one-and-sixpenny set dinner receded..to a Sunday extravagance.
1923 C. Stone Let. 30 June in C. Mackenzie My Life & Times (1966) V. 250 I fancy F. will get herself set teas, and other meals out.
1938 D. Du Maurier Rebecca xxvi. 423 Colonel Julyan waded through the whole set lunch.
1957 W. Camp Prospects of Love iii. i. 148 She promptly chose the five shilling set meal.
1973 J. Pattinson Search Warrant vii. 105 If you have the set lunch, it comes cheaper.
1978 Times 3 June 11/4 There was an advertised set lunch at £5.50 plus VAT.
3. Deliberate, intentional.
a. Of a purpose or design: Deliberately conceived. Chiefly in phrases, of (or †on, a) set purpose (see purpose n. Phrases 5, Phrases 6).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [adjective] > performed with intention
bethoughtc1200
expressa1400
wilfula1400
purposedc1422
purpensed1436
malice prepensed1454
aforethought1472
studiedc1475
setc1485
voluntary1495
deliberate?1527
willing1550
witting1553
propensed1560
fore-intendeda1586
affected1586
designed1586
determinate1586
intended1592
deliberated1594
uncasual1614
recollecteda1616
resolved1624
industriousa1628
intentionate1631
pre-intended1636
advised1642
malice prepense1647
sedentary1647
propense1650
consultive1651
(crime, evil, etc.) of forethought1692
conscious1726
intentionala1729
systematic1746
studious1750
systematical1750
prepensive1752
advertent1832
self-conscious1832
volitive1839
designful1852
purposeful1853
purposive1864
thought-controlled1926
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 78 To byde jn felde fermly of sett purpos..cummys of a calde sett mynde confermyt jn hardyness with deliberacioun.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 835/1 Evyn a set purpose.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 24 b How much more hainous those faults are which are committed of set mallice, then those which are done of blinde ignorance.
1600 in R. M. Fergusson Logie (1905) II. 22 (note) Cruellie slaine be yame..vpon sait purpois and foirthocht fellonie.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 276 Should a Man go about with never so set Study and Design.
1872 J. Morley Voltaire ii. 57 This fatal predominance was first founded, though assuredly not of set design, by Voltaire.
b. Of phrases, forms of expression: Deliberately composed, not spontaneously arising. Also, customary, ‘stereotyped.’ Cf. 5d. in good set terms: often used (after the context of the Shakespeare example) for ‘roundly’, ‘with outspoken severity’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > self-evident truth, axiom > [adjective] > trite, well-worn
worn1569
seta1616
well-worn1621
copybook1848
overdriven1888
tired1951
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [adverb] > straightforwardly or directly
platc1375
in short and plainc1386
plaina1387
platlyc1390
in (also at, on, unto) (a, the) plainc1395
roundc1405
homelya1413
directly1509
roundly1528
point-blank1598
in good set termsa1616
broadly1624
crudely1638
plain downa1640
plumply1726
plumpa1734
squably1737
straightforward1809
unvarnishedly1824
pine-blank1834
blankly1846
squarely1860
straight out1874
straightforwardly1906
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > weakness or feebleness > [adjective] > dull > stale or mechanical
vinnied1563
overworn1578
seta1616
stock1738
hackneyed1747
commonplace1801
stereotype1824
stereotyped1849
hacky1862
stereotypic1884
cliché1895
cliché-ridden1920
clichéd1925
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. vii. 17 I met a foole i'th Forrest..Who..Rail'd on Lady Fortune in good termes, In good set termes, and yet a motley foole. View more context for this quotation
1689 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 618 This the child did without any set or formal repetition; as one who had learned things without booke.
1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. ix. 382 The Set Sayings of the Stoicks.
1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter ix He drew it up in good set terms, like one who had his senses much at his command.
1832 G. C. Lewis Remarks Use & Abuse Polit. Terms Introd. 1 The set phrase of Scientific inquirers.
1860 J. L. Motley Hist. Netherlands (1865) II. x. 85 The governor-general..often denounced him in good set terms.
1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations II. xiii. 210 It had no set beginning, as Dear Mr. Pip, or Dear Pip.
c. Contrived in order to deceive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > [adjective]
insidious1545
trapping1548
masking1567
snaringa1586
entrapping1588
sirenian1600
catching1603
set1603
snarefula1618
insidiary1625
entanglinga1627
ensnaring1630
implicatory1642
trepanning1670
webby1768
spidery1825
catchy1874
trappy1882
tanglefoot1893
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. v. 10 Nor by surprises, or stratagems by night, nor by set-flights [Fr. par fuittes apostees].
4. (In set battle, set field) = pitched adj.2 2. Now rare (cf. sense 5).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [adjective] > types of armed encounter
openeOE
set battle1487
unbloody1544
pight1562
pitched1569
round1601
steadfast1623
strucka1625
running1651
stationary1737
stricken field1820
close quarters1871
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 367 The king, in set battalȝe..Vencust him vith a gret menȝe.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 9 Off set battaillis fyve he dyscumfyt haill.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Piiiiv In sett fylde the wyues doo stande euerye one by here owne husbandes syde.
1572 J. Sadler tr. Vegetius Foure Bks. Martiall Policye Pref. *. ii. b Whether they should fight in skirmishe, or set battel.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 17 Feb. (1972) VI. 38 He hath fought more set fields then any man in England hath done.
1773 J. Hampton in tr. Polybius Gen. Hist. IV. Contents xiv The Carthaginians..are defeated in a set engagement.
in extended use.1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius xvii I challenged her to a set flirtation.
5. Formal, ceremonious, regular.
a. As the designation of a particular style of handwriting: see quots. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > [adjective] > regular
seta1535
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 56/1 Writen in parchment in so wel a set hande.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. vi. 2 This is the indictment..Which in a set hand fairely is engrosst. View more context for this quotation
1685 J. Matlock Fax Nova Artis Scribendi 6 The Set-Hand is thought fittest..for Ingrossing all Evidences of Lands.
1685 J. Matlock Fax Nova Artis Scribendi 11 The English-Ingrossing-Hand, commonly called Set-Secretary.
1784 T. Astle Origin & Progress Writing v. 98 The writing which prevailed in England from..596 to the middle of the eleventh century, is generally termed Saxon, and may be divided into five kinds, namely, the Roman Saxon, the Set Saxon, the Running hand Saxon, the Mixed Saxon, and the Elegant Saxon.
1784 T. Astle Origin & Progress Writing v. 143 The specimens of the charters..are composed partly of characters called Set Chancery and Common Chancery.
1885 E. M. Thompson in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 156/2 In the 8th century appears the set book-hand in an even..character.
b. Of a meal, a meeting for business or pleasure: Carefully pre-arranged; attended with some degree of ceremony or formality; stated, regular, formal. So †set table.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > ceremony or formality > [adjective] > full of or accompanied by ceremony or formality
solemnc1369
solemned1423
solenc1460
solemnel?1473
formal1596
set1606
ceremoniousa1616
circumstantial1710
full dress1776
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 71 He feasted daily: and never otherwise than at a set table [L. cena recta].
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures ii. 3 Keeping a set table for above seven hundred persons.
1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 95 They have one most egregious piece of Roguery more, and that is playing the High-Game at Putt; and this is to be done but once at a Sett-meeting.
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §14 (1699) 21 The Romans usually fasted till Supper; the only set Meal, even of those who eat more than once a Day.
1718 Free-thinker No. 19. 2 His Physitians advised him to leave off Set Suppers.
1818 Princess Jablonowski in Lady Morgan Passages from Autobiogr. (1859) 166 It is not a set party, but one without full dress or ceremony.
1862 Chamb. Encycl. at Curling These bon~spiels or set matches, are contested with immense spirit.
1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. xxii. 495 The ambassador would fain have discussed such grave matters only at a set audience.
c. Of costume: Suited to ceremonial occasions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > for specific purpose > official or ceremonial wear
formalc1593
set1676
full dress1761
1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode iv. ii. 72 We should not alwaies be in a set dress.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 390 The set dress of the Persian.
d. Of a discourse, treatise, etc.: Elaborate, composed in due form; expressly or systematically dealing with a subject. set speech: public speech more or less elaborate; an oration, as distinguished from extemporaneous or informal utterances.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > [noun] > a speech
speakingc1275
cry1303
orisona1382
sermonc1385
exhortationc1450
oration?1504
prepositiona1513
declamation1523
concion1541
speak1567
set speech1573
speech1583
hortative1612
allocution1615
public addressa1639
address1643
presentation1714
speechification1809
speechment1826
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > elegance > [adjective] > elaborate
curious1561
set1573
elaborated1596
composeda1616
elaborate1621
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 12 I am inforcid rather to bungle up a pelting histori then to write a set epistle.
1608 G. Chapman Trag. Duke of Byron v, in Conspiracie Duke of Byron sig. Q The most lawierly deliuery Of his set speeches.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. ii. §2 A learned man hath in a set discourse endeavoured to shew the great defects that were in it.
1701 Acct. Life in T. Stanley Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) sig. b He did not confine himself to set Lectures in the Chair.
1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. 125 I had prepared a set introductory speech for the occasion.
1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 126 The young lady dies, in a set speech.
1834 T. B. Macaulay William Pitt in Ess. ⁋29 He was no speaker of set speeches. His few prepared discourses were complete failures.
1886 C. E. Pascoe London of To-day (ed. 3) viii. 89 It is not easy to learn beforehand when the great popular leaders may be expected to make set orations.
e. Regularly established. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [adjective] > founding or instituting > settled or established > regularly
set1702
1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iv. i. 126/1 They soon determined..That Set-Schools are so necessary, there is no Doing without them.
6. That has assumed a permanent form or condition; immovable, persistent.
a. Of facial expression, looks, or countenance, tones of voice: Fixed, rigid, unvarying.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > face with expression or expression > [adjective] > fixed
set1605
1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles iv. i A set countenance Of rage and choller.
a1627 J. Fletcher & T. Middleton Nice Valour i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ttt3v/2 Look who comes here sir, his love fit's upon him; I know it, by that set smile, and those congies.
1760 B. Franklin Idea Eng. School 3 Those even set Tones so common among Readers.
1865 A. C. Swinburne Two Dreams in Poems & Ballads 28 The heavy sun's Set face of heat stopped all the songs.
1892 A. Bierce In Midst of Life 96 In that set immobile face was no sign; it was as hard as bronze.
b. Of a feeling, attitude of mind: Fixed, settled, immovable. †Of action: Resolute. Also (dialect and U.S.) of persons: Obstinate. (Cf. hard-set adj. 3.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adjective] > of actions, etc.
doughtyOE
resolute?1560
resolved1561
determineda1616
seta1640
concerted1844
kragdadig1952
driven1967
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > inflexible
ironOE
stour1303
strange1338
unmovablea1382
inflexible1398
stoutc1410
unpliablea1425
intreatable1509
stiff1526
stiff-necked1526
unpliant1547
stout-hearted1552
inexorable1553
obstinate1559
strait-laced1560
impersuasible1576
unflexiblea1586
hard-edged1589
adamantive1594
unyielding1594
adder-deaf1597
steeled1600
irrefragable1601
rigid1606
unpersuadable1607
imployable1613
unswayablea1616
uncompellable1623
inflexive?1624
over-rigid1632
unlimbera1639
seta1640
incomplying1640
uncomplying1643
stiff-girt1659
impersuadable1680
unbendinga1688
impracticable1713
unblendable1716
stiff-rumped1728
unconvinciblea1747
uncompounding1782
unplastic1787
unbending1796
adamant1816
uneasy1819
uncompromising1828
cast iron1829
hard-hitting1831
rigoristic1844
ramrod1850
pincé1858
anchylosed1860
unbendable1884
tape-bound1900
tape-tied1900
hard line1903
tough1905
absolutist1907
hard-arsed1942
go-for-broke1946
hardcore1951
hard-arse1966
hard-ass1967
hardball1974
the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective]
starkOE
moodyOE
stithc1000
stidyc1175
stallc1275
harda1382
stubbornc1386
obstinate?1387
throa1400
hard nolleda1425
obstinant?a1425
pertinacec1425
stablec1440
dour1488
unresigned1497
difficultc1503
hard-necked1530
pertinatec1534
obstacle1535
stout-stomached1549
hard-faced1567
stunt1581
hard-headed1583
pertinacious1583
stuntly1583
peremptory1589
stomachous1590
mulish1600
stomachful1600
obstined1606
restive1633
obstinacious1649
opinionated1649
tenacious1656
iron-sided1659
sturdy1664
cat-witted1672
obstinated1672
unyielding1677
ruggish1688
bullet-headed1699
tough1780
pelsy1785
stupid1788
hard-set1818
thick and thin1822
stuntya1825
rigwiddie1826
indomitable1830
recalcitrant1830
set1848
mule-headed1870
muley1871
capitose1881
hard-nosed1917
tight1928
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adjective] > that does something habitually > settled in habit
sitten-up1671
set1848
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger False One iv. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rr4/1 Why doe you frowne? good gods, what a set-anger Have you forc'd into your face.
1649 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (new ed.) iv. vi. 688 The set and solemn acting of all the powers of thy soul.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. vii. 62 I cannot, at present, write to every particular, unless I would be in set defiance.
1848 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (at cited word) He is very set in his ways.
1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. ix. 139 Wen I hev once made up my mind, a meet'nhus aint sotter.
1896 Harper's Mag. Apr. 680/1 ‘You are a terribly set person,’ she said,..after she had consented to let him have his own way.
c. Of a kind of weather: Persistent, likely to continue some time. So quasi-adv. in set fair (also figurative and in extended use). set fair is usually marked on English barometers at the point indicating that the height of the mercury is 30½ inches.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [adjective] > settled
settleda1665
steady1694
set1699
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. ii. 55 Then you have set Rains till the latter end of August.
a1823 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XV. 281 To the next half-inch below this highest point are written set fair on the one side, and set frost on the other.
1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes II. vi. 162 The road..was certainly enough to have shaken tempers that were not resolutely at Set Fair, down to some inches below Stormy.
1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country ii. 108 Like some kindly weathercock..stuck fast at Set Fair.
1921 W. de la Mare Mem. Midget xxix. 197 Her mood, like our weather that April, was almost always ‘set fair’.
1978 J. Pearson Façades xxiii. 399 Everything appeared set fair for the happiest of stays.
d. Of demeanour: Composed, grave. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > melancholy > seriousness or solemnity > [adjective]
seinec1330
sober1362
unfeastlyc1386
murec1390
unlaughter-milda1400
sadc1400
solemnyc1420
solemned1423
serious1440
solemnc1449
solenc1460
solemnel?1473
moy1487
demure1523
grave1549
staid1557
sage1564
sullen1583
weighty1602
solid1632
censoriousa1637
(as) grave (also solemn, etc.) as a judge1650
untriumphant1659
setc1660
agelastic1666
austere1667
humourless1671
unlaughing1737
smileless1740
untriflinga1743
untittering1749
steady1759
dun1797
antithalian1818
dreich1819
laughterless1825
unsmiling1826
laughless1827
unfestive1844
sober-sided1847
gleeless1850
unfarcical1850
mome1855
deedy1895
button-down1959
buttoned-down1960
straight-faced1975
c1660 in J. Morris Troubles Catholic Forefathers (1872) (modernized text) 1st Ser. i. vi. 286 She was always of a set and womanly carriage, not wild or given much to play.
e. Chiefly predicative: Of settled form or habit of body.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > [adjective] > of settled form
set1861
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. ii. 28 The other man was evidently a year or two older than himself, his figure was more set.
1861 Temple Bar Dec. 53 Their limbs are not sufficiently ‘set’ to prevent serious accidental injury.
1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life I. 144 Orme was, as we should say of a racehorse, ‘too set.’
Categories »
f. Cricket. (set v.1 100c.)
g. In a tight corner or difficult position. colloquial.
ΚΠ
1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words s.v. To have someone set: to get the better of: to take at a disadvantage: to get a man convicted.
7. With prefixed adverb: Having a specified position, location, arrangement, conformation, build, adjustment, disposition, pitch, etc.See broad-set adj. at broad adj. and n.1 Compounds 2 (broad adj. and n.1 Compounds 2), deep-set adj., fine-set (fine adj., adv., and n.2 Compounds 3a), firm-set (firm adj. and adv. Compounds 2), hard-set adj., high-set adj., ill-set adj., low-set (low adj. 9), strong-set at strong adv. Compounds 2, thick-set adj. and n., thin-set (thin adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2), well-set adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > position or situation > [adjective] > having a (specified) position
besteda1300
set13..
situatec1425
bestowed1484
situatedc1487
collocate1529
resident1571
sited1578
posited1666
stowed1674
couched1675
enlodged1678
parked1807
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [adjective] > inclined
set13..
tendenta1340
disposedc1380
enclinant1400
inclining?c1400
inclinedc1405
prone1408
hieldingc1480
talenteda1500
inclinablea1513
prone1528
propense1528
minded1529
propensed1530
ready1533
proclivec1540
fit1574
tending to1578
forward1581
minded1588
propensive1599
intense1620
propendenta1646
propended1693
calculated1723
oriented1925
prone1926
turned1931
orientated1964
13.. K. Alis. 7112 Cadace was a ferly best, Thries set [Laud MS. shet] teth was in his teste.

Compounds

C1. In special collocations (most of which are hyphenated as compounds, and often stressed on the first syllable): See also setwork n.
set board n. Scottish Obsolete (a) ? a washboard in a ship [compare Dutch zetboord, German setzbord] ; (b) some kind of table.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > table > [noun] > other tables
dormant tablec1405
set board1512
chair-table1558
oyster table1559
brushing-table1575
stand board1580
table-chair1671
reading table1749
worktable1762
centre table1775
pier table1778
loo-table1789
screen table1793
social table1793
octoped1822
claw-table1832
bench table1838
mould1842
end table1851
pedestal table1858
picnic table1866
examining table1877
silver table1897
changing table1917
rent table1919
capstan table1927
conference table1928
tricoteuse1960
Parsons1962
overflow table1973
butcher's block1976
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > devices to protect ship from weather > board to keep water out
set board1512
waist-board1627
washboard1753
water board1758
weatherboard1772
wash-strake1809
splash-board1907
1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 456 Item..for xvc seym and ruf for the set burdis of the greit schip.
1529 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. (1883) 178 A comptar burd price 2 markis, a set burd with formis and trestis price 13s. 4d.
set changes n. Bell-ringing = set peal n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [noun] > going through all the changes > changes > specific
set peal16..
grandsire1668
whole pull1668
bob1671
peal1671
course1677
set changes1677
single1684
single change1688
Plain Bob1702
Stedman1731
Superlative Surprise1788
touch1788
triple1798
triple bob major1809
maximus1813
royal1813
call changes1837
slam1854
cater1872
cinques1872
triple change1872
plain hunt1874
plain hunting1874
quarter peal1888
method1901
short course1904
1677 F. Stedman Campanalogia 169 For such as have not yet attain'd the skill to ring these compleat peals, Sett~changes are very proper for them, being easie.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 462/2 Ringing in Set Changes, that is, the Bells being Set, they order which Bell shall lead away & what to follow.
1872 H. T. Ellacombe Bells of Church iii, in Church Bells Devon 231 Its members rang nothing but rounds and set changes, till about the year 1642, when single changes were first attempted.
set cloth n. Obsolete a kind of worsted fabric.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [noun] > made from specific types of wool > worsted > types of
stamin?c1225
worsted1348
monk's cloth1441
set cloth1467
vesse1483
St. Thomas worsted1518
St. Omer's worsted1530
caddis1558
cloth-rash1592
Philip and Cheyney1614
none-so-pretty1622
tammy1675
cheyneyc1680
crape1682
bunting1742
beaudoy1759
wildbore1784
Princetta?1790
Circassian1824
plain-back1830
Coburg1844
Tournai1858
Tricotine1914
1467–8 Rolls of Parl. V. 629 Divers Wollen Clothes, some called brode sette Clothes, and that other called streite sette Clothes.
1523 Act 14 & 15 Henry VIII c. 11 Vesses, otherwise called Sette clothes of diuers colours.
set copper n. a form of metallic copper containing about 6 per cent of cuprous oxide, produced by oxidation during refining.
ΚΠ
1904 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1903 34 671 Some of the copper is oxidized to cuprous oxide and dissolved by the metal bath. When the quantity of dissolved cuprous oxide has reached about 6 per cent, the metal is said to have been brought to ‘set-copper’.
1959 J. Newton Extractive Metall. vi. 376 Usually it is not possible to take any short-cuts in refining copper—the metal must be carried to the set-copper stage and then poled.
set dance n. a quadrille, country-dance, or the like.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > square, figure, or set dance > [noun]
set dance1712
figure-dance1801
square dance1870
square1882
square-dancing1977
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 434. ¶5 Several Regular Tunes and Sett Dances.
1808 M. L. Weems Life G. Washington (ed. 6) ii. 9 He has carried down many a sett dance with her.
set iron n. [compare Dutch zetijzer, German setzeisen] Shipbuilding a bar of soft iron, admitting of being bent so as to be used for transferring curves from the scrive-board to the bending plate.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > shipbuilding > drawing board > bar for transferring curves from
set iron1874
1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 83 When the scrive board is used, a flat rod of soft iron termed the ‘set iron’ is bent to the curvature.
set joint n. U.S. slang (see quots. and flat joint (b) s.v. flat adj., adv., and n.3 Compounds 2).
ΚΠ
1926 G. H. Maines & B. Grant Wise-crack Dict. 14/1 Set joint, unbeatable game.
1931 Amer. Speech 6 335 Set~joint,..a gambling device operated with a numbered wheel and arrow-spindle. These are always fitted with a gimmick which prevents the customer from winning too often, or which may be used by the operator to lead the customer on until he will place a large bet, when the operator applies the gimmick and the customer loses.
set line n. [compare Dutch zetlijn] a fishing-line with baited hooks, pegged or anchored; also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > fishing-line > [noun] > trawl-line or set line
boulter1602
spiller1602
bulter1769
trot-line1826
spillet1832
bultow1858
trot1858
trawl1864
set line1865
trawl-line1867
outline1890
trat-line1894
outlier1904
trout-line1912
1865 J. G. Bertram Harvest of Sea 160 Set-line-fishing..can only be practised in places where the tide recedes to a considerable distance.
set match n. Obsolete an agreement, conspiracy, an appointment made for a highway robbery (cf. to set a match, set v.1 56).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot > a conspiracy > for a highway robbery
set match1587
1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland ii. viii. 37/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II These things came not thus to passe, as it were by a set match.
1591 R. Greene Notable Discouery of Coosenage f. 9v When their other trades fail, as..the High Lawyer when he hath no set match to ride about.
1614 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. II. O.T. vii. 269 A set match betwixt the brethren.
set net n. a fishing net fastened across a stream or channel, into which the fish are driven.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > fixed net
stall net1246
trink1311
set net1481
trinkerc1485
pitch1523
half-net1538
trink-net1584
stop-net1634
toot-net1805
yair-net1805
stob-net1806
seta1808
stake-net1836
barrier-net1884
boom net1925
1481–90 Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 192 A sett net of ij. fadom.
1745 F. Blomefield Ess. Topogr. Hist. Norfolk II. 866 Two Wardens of the Fishermen-Company..to inspect the Sett Netts belonging to them.
1863 Rep. Sea Fisheries Comm. (1865) II. 1190/1 Small quantities of herrings were taken with set-nets close in-shore.
set peal n. Bellringing Obsolete a ringing of a peal of bells in one position for a considerable length of time before a change is given.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [noun] > going through all the changes > changes > specific
set peal16..
grandsire1668
whole pull1668
bob1671
peal1671
course1677
set changes1677
single1684
single change1688
Plain Bob1702
Stedman1731
Superlative Surprise1788
touch1788
triple1798
triple bob major1809
maximus1813
royal1813
call changes1837
slam1854
cater1872
cinques1872
triple change1872
plain hunt1874
plain hunting1874
quarter peal1888
method1901
short course1904
16.. in Eng. Gilds 290 If the Master..shall neglect to warn the Company..for to ring a bisett sett peale, he shall pay..one shilling.
set point n. the value of a physical quantity that an automatic controller or regulator is set to maintain; also transferred.
ΚΠ
1941 T. J. Rhodes Industr. Instruments for Measurem. & Control ix. 419 Where it is not permissible for the process temperature to deviate for any appreciable period from the original set point, it is necessary to use a mode of control previously described as proportional and floating.
1972 Science 9 June 1125/1 One of the principal homeo~static ‘set points’, that for body temperature, seems to depend on the constant ratio of Na+ to Ca2 + in the caudal hypothalamus.
1975 D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xxiv. 14 Display of the measurement, set point, and output levels is normally provided.
set-pot n. (also ˈsetpot) (a) dialect a fixed cauldron or boiler used for heating water for domestic purposes; (b) a copper pan, heated by a special flue, used in making varnish, and for heating oil, size, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel in which liquid is boiled > [noun] > cauldron
leada1100
cauldronc1300
welling-lead1371
chaldron1555
witch's cauldron1762
set-pot1839
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel in which liquid is boiled > [noun] > vessel for heating oil, size, etc.
set-pot1839
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1268 Black japan [i.e. varnish], is made by putting into the set-pot 48 pounds of Naples, or any other of the foreign asphaltums.
1862 C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds & Neighbourhood Set pot, a stone boiler or ‘copper’, with a fire-grate under, for the purpose of boiling and ‘stewing’ dirty linen.
1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 65/2 Take the gum pot from the fire; let it cool for a few minutes, then pour it into the oil in the set pot.
set-pull n. Bell-ringing Obsolete the position of a bell when raised so that it stands mouth upwards.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [noun] > positions
sally1668
set1677
set-pull1677
handstroke1788
1677 F. Stedman Campanalogia 26 The falling of the bells from a Set-pull.
1677 F. Stedman Campanalogia 46 Supposing that a peal of 5 bells were raised, and rung at a Sett-pull.
set scene n. an apparatus built up and placed in position upon a theatrical stage before the rise of the curtain; a collection of side scenes, ‘skies’, etc. depending upon one another for a particular effect.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > scenery > set
set scenery1854
set1859
stage-set1861
set scene1866
1866 ‘Old Stager’ Stage Reminisc. ix. 122 The sizes and sets of yarns occupied his thoughts much less than theatrical ‘lengths’ and ‘set scenes’.
1887 Spectator 25 June 857/2 Theatrical speculators now spend such vast sums on the upholstery of their set scenes.
set scenery n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > scenery > set
set scenery1854
set1859
stage-set1861
set scene1866
1854 F. W. Fairholt Dict. Terms Art 382 The scenery..was entirely of the nature of what is now termed set-scenery, regularly built up by carpenters before the curtain rises, to be taken to pieces again when it falls.
set scrum n. (also set scrummage) Rugby an organized scrummage ordered by the referee during the course of play; opposed to loose scrum(mage) s.v. loose adj., n.2, and adv. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > rugby football > [noun] > scrum
scrimmage1848
squash1857
loose scrummage1874
scrum1876
tight1904
loose ruck1906
set scrum1925
scrum-down1943
1925 R. M. Rayner Man. Rugby Football for Public Schools viii. 47 (heading) On getting possession in ‘set’ scrummages.
1938 Macdonald & Rees Rugger Practice & Tactics ii. 34 Few tries are scored in good football by movements that start from a set scrum.
1960 E. S. Higham & W. J. Higham High Speed Rugby xiv. 185 We deal with the set scrum first, because it forms the basis of loose scrums and loose rucks.
1971 Times 15 Feb. 9/4 Bryce, Miller and Moroney are an experienced front row and rubbed in the fact..at the set scrummages.
1977 S. Wales Guardian 27 Oct. 16/3 By this stage Llandovery's forwards were dominating the set scrums.
set shot n. Basketball a shot at the basket made from a still position.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > basketball > [noun] > types of shot or ball
free throw1888
foul shot1902
jump shot1909
jump ball1924
pop shot1933
jumper1937
set shot1940
lay-up1948
fallaway1949
bonus1955
hook-shot1957
sky-hook1959
buzzer beater1965
brick1971
spot-up1992
1940 N.Y. Times 21 Jan. v1/3 The cadets, their set shots hitting the mark with a remarkable degree of accuracy, gained the upper hand at the outset.
1976 Milton Keynes Express 9 July 42/3 Wickham, Wynn and Waller were all desperately unlucky with set shots.
set sod n. a turf used in building up a bank of a ditch in the operation of water-tabling.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > turf > [noun] > for building or constructing
turf1565
set sod1844
sodding1852
sward-earth1852
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > sod > as material
divotc1540
set sod1844
sodding1852
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 574 After a few of these smaller sods have been made ready, the hedger lays them, with the grass side downwards, upon the edges of the set-sods.
set square n. (a) a plate of wood, metal, etc. in the form of a right-angled triangle, the acute angles being either 60° and 30° or both 45°, used by draughtsmen as a guide for drawing lines at one of these angles; (b) a form of T-square with an additional arm turning on a pivot, for drawing lines at fixed angles to the head; (c) a joiner's square.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for marking out work > [noun] > squares
squarea1300
trying-square1579
mitre square1676
mitre1678
centre square1683
box square?1710
square rule1726
T square1785
set square1854
try-square1877
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > drawing instruments
sweep1680
bow1706
trammel1725
stock1815
cyclograph1823
trainer1848
set square1854
stereograph1877
tracer1878
philograph1892
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > drawing instruments > triangular
set square1854
triangle1875
1854 in Specif. Patents, Artists' Instr. (1872) 73 An improved artizans' tool, which may be used as a measuring rule, straight edge, set square, T square, bevel, and plumb rule.
1857 W. Binns Elem. Treat. Orthogr. Projection 1 One 8-inch set square.
1884 J. J. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. V. 64 The sliderest is adjusted to it by means of the set square, an instrument with a straight shaft and a steel blade fixed to it at right angles.
1892 E. Rowe Hints on Chip-carving (1895) 15 The set-square of 45°.
1892 E. Rowe Hints on Chip-carving (1895) 7 The 60° set-square.
set-stitched adj. Obsolete ? of ‘set-work’ embroidery.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [adjective] > embroidered > other
broched?1510
raised1548
set-stitched1761
chikan1858
Strasbourg1871
Richelieu1878
rococo1879
Holbein1881
Hardanger1893
Mountmellick1893
1761 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy III. xxix. 142 An old set-stitch'd chair.
set-stock v. transitive.
ΚΠ
1956 N.Z. Jrnl. Sci. & Technol. A. 37 555 Most New Zealand farmers producing fat lambs..generally prefer to set-stock the ewes and lambs from lambing time onwards.
1964 Weekly News (Auckland) 21 Oct. 54/4 Under New Zealand conditions, ewes and lambs are usually set~stocked from lambing until weaning, although rotational grazing is practised on some farms.
1981–2 Deer Farmer (N.Z.) Summer 8/3 Hinds are set-stocked or mob-stocked over winter at about 10 to the acre.
set stocking n. Agriculture (originally New Zealand) the grazing of animals, esp. sheep, in the same pasture for a considerable period.
ΚΠ
1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Feb. 100/2 Make sure that the calves are rotated through the paddocks at intervals of a few days. Set stocking at this time of the year is bound to result in..some deaths.
1975 Country Life 26 June 1702/1 In the last 35 years we would seem to have gone full circle—from set-stocking, strip-grazing, paddock-grazing..and now the so called ‘intensive’ set-stocking.
C2. In parasynthetic derivatives. rare.
ΚΠ
1614 G. Chapman Andromeda Liberata Ep. Ded. ¶3v The one-ear'd Race Of set-ey'd vulgars.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xvii. 602 You are a sawcy set-fac't Vagabond.
1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. xi. 74 The treacherous Guid, who did upon a set purposed malice draw this Draught, was..hanged.
C3.
a. With adverbs (see the corresponding combinations of the verb).
set-apart adj.
ΚΠ
1830 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. July 245 This act of choice baseness and set-apart iniquity.
1858 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem II. lxxvi. 28 All have sunk into a state of lamentable indifference, there is no burning zeal left except among the set-apart.
set-down adj.
ΚΠ
a1850 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle (1874) ii. 281 'Tis no set-down sickness that I have, Nor are my pains set down.
1884 J. Ruskin Bible of Amiens i. 9 (note) The first fixed and set-down footsteps.
set-on adj.
ΚΠ
1864 Q. Jrnl. Sci. 1 467 Well set-on tails and very sloping shoulders.
set-out adj.
ΚΠ
1608 T. Middleton Familie of Love (new ed.) iv. sig. F3 I am..of the spick & span new set vp Company of [por]ters.
1710 S. Palmer Moral Ess. Prov. 359 If the pomp..be carry'd out of proportion,..it is an ill set-out ambition.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. iii. iii. 360 There was no want of magnificence, good taste, or a well-designed set-out at table.
b. With specific meaning:
set-down adj. described in books, recognized.Apparently an isolated use.
set-in adj. (a) inserted, inset; (b) of rain, etc. that has set in or become continuous.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > [adjective]
set-in1534
inserted1598
inlaid1606
intromitted1706
input1839
inlet1849
run-in1897
1534 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 185 To be ane set in nek to ane veluet slop.
1866 D. Livingstone 13 Dec. in Last Jrnls. (1874) I. vi. 158 A 'set-in' rain came on.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1534/2 Side-notes, marginal or set-in notes.
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 280/2 Men's overshirts... Set in bosom, yoke back, [etc.].
1969 Sears, Roebuck Catal. Spring–Summer 37/3 Wing collar, set-in sleeves.
set-off adj. Scottish of part of a tenement, let off to a sub-tenant.
ΚΠ
a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 454 One may set set-off chambers and parts of a house.
set-on adj. Scottish (see quot. 1825).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [adjective] > cooked > overcooked or slightly burned
zamzawed1743
overdone1781
set-on1825
well-done1846
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Set-on, a term applied to what is singed or slightly burned in the pot or pan.
set-up adj. (a) established; (b) dialect and colloquial conceited, ‘stuck up’; (c) of type, composed.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > pretension to superiority > [adjective]
taunt?a1534
cocket1537
fastuous?1591
cobbing1599
whalebone1602
airy1606
fastigious1625
flatuous1630
high and mighty1633
vapouring1647
flatulent1658
hoity-toity1690
jackanapish1696
superior1711
penseful1788
uppish1789
pensy1790
stuck-up1812
glorified1821
toploftical1823
pretentious1832
sophomoric1837
highty-tighty1847
snippy1848
jumped-up1852
set-up1856
toplofty1859
cock-aloft1861
high-tone1864
high-toned1866
pretensivea1868
fancy-pants1870
hunched1870
snotty1870
head-in-air1880
uppity1880
jackanapsian1881
airified1882
sidey1898
posh1914
upstage1918
snooty1919
high-hatted1924
hincty1924
snot-nosed1941
posho1989
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [adjective] > founding or instituting > settled or established
rootfastlOE
stablec1290
institutec1325
sad1340
firmc1374
rooteda1393
stabledc1400
substantialc1449
well-foundeda1450
surec1475
standing1549
afloat1551
well-established1559
steadyc1571
naturalized1590
erected1603
established1642
instituted1647
settled1649
riveted1652
radicate1656
inrooted1660
institute1668
statuminated1674
planted1685
stablished1709
deep-seated1741
founded1771
set-up1856
society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > composed type > [adjective]
set1837
set-up1856
1856 J. Kavanagh Rachel Gray iv. 66 Serve her right—the set up thing!
1878 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 116/1 Set-up type is also sometimes copied thus.

Draft additions June 2016

set menu n. (a) a menu consisting of a set number of courses offered at a fixed price, typically limited to a few options for each course (opposed to à la carte adj.); (b) figurative something that is unvarying, predetermined, or provides a limited choice only.
ΚΠ
1878 Amer. Mag. Sept. 351/1 When these same two casuals dined at the latter establishment, there was a set menu.
1952 Times 6 Sept. 5/4 The system of having dishes à la carte as well as a set menu is helpful to many.
1960 Times Lit. Suppl. 28 Oct. 691/2 The ingratiating sweet nothings that are the set menu at..diplomatic cocktail parties.
1987 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 9 Sept. 5 Best value is the set menu (garlic bun, a good, tasty fish soup, fish and chips and coffee for $8.50).
1991 Purchasing & Supply Managem. Apr. 20/3 In many cases, the purchaser does not have to buy from the set menu of tariffs, but can demand that the tariff be customised to meet individual requirements.
2015 Watertown (N.Y.) Daily Times 17 May G1 The specials menu at Ryan's is always lengthy and inventive, but we ordered off the set menu.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

setadj.2

Brit. /sɛt/, U.S. /sɛt/
Etymology: Sanskrit, < sa- + iṭ ‘i’.
Philology.
In Sanskrit, designating a root after which the vowel i appears before certain suffixes and endings (such roots being now widely explained as reflecting a type earlier having a laryngeal suffix). Also transferred of reconstructed Indo-European roots and formations based on them in various languages.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [adjective] > relating to roots > specific
pluriliteral1762
set1897
1897 S. C. Vasu Ashtádhyáyi of Pániṇi II. vii. ii. 1366 A root which is optionally Seṭ before other affixes, is invariably aniṭ before Nishṭhâ.
1939 E. Prokosch Compar. Germanic Gram. 129 Sanskrit grammar..distinguishes between sēṭ-bases and aniṭ-bases, i.e., bases with or without i < ə (sa- ‘with’, an- ‘without’).
1952 W. P. Lehmann Proto-Indo-European Phonol. iii. 28 The laryngeal theory demands a change of analysis of some of the most important IE form classes, such as the seṭ-roots.
1962 C. Watkins Indo-European Origins of Celtic Verb i. 186 In Indo-European, seṭ roots formed only a limited number of kinds of presents... The Celtic verbs continue Indo-European athematic seṭ presents.
1970 G. Nagy Gr. Dial. i. 45 For the extension of complex -iṣ- from seṭ-roots as replacement of simplex -s- and for the morphophonemic conditioning, cf. Kurylowicz, Apophonie, 252–257.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1993; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

setv.1

Brit. /sɛt/, U.S. /sɛt/
Inflections: Forms: see below. Past tense and participle set;
Forms: 1. Present stem. a.

α. Old English setta (Northumberland), Old English settan, Middle English cettyn, Middle English sætten ( Lay.), Middle English satte, Middle English seotte, Middle English settenn ( Ormulum), Middle English setton, Middle English settyn, Middle English zetten (Kent), Middle English (1500s archaic) setten, Middle English–1500s sette, Middle English–1800s sett, Middle English– set, 1500s seatt-, 1600s–1800s zet (dialect (south-western)). c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) P 13 Pastinare, settan.a900 Laws Ælfred ii. v. (Liebermann) 50 We settað æghwelcere cirican..ðis frið.c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xviii. 23 Seðe wil reht setta mið ðegnum his.c1000 Ags. Ps. c. 3 Ne sette ic me fore eagum yfele wisan.a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 656 Þæt hi scoldon..seotte þa dæi hwonne [etc.].c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3941 Soþ sahhtnesse settenn.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8767 Heo wolden al þis lond sætten [c1300 Otho sette] on hæore tweire hond.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ii. 10 Settand vndire ȝoure fote ȝoure enmys.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vi. 32 Boþe to sowen and to setten.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1872 Y set noȝt by þy sawes.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12416 To sett iesu to werld lar.c1400 Pilgr. Sowle (1859) ii. xlv. 51 Prowde men..that settyn att nought al other men.c1420 Chron. Vilod. 1761 How lytull his martrus setton by worldelyche gode.1499 Promptorium Parvulorum 67/2 Cettyn or putten.c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) iii. 5 Huon and gerarde who by theyr pryde settyth no thynge by me.1538 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 199 Setteynge many on worke.1552 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16279) Morninge Prayer sig. .iv To set foorth hys moste worthy prayse.1584 Eltham Churchwardens' Accts. in Archaeologia 34 63 For seatting fourthe of a soldger into Frawnce.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D2 Themselues to setten forth to straungers sight.1605 London Prodigall sig. G4v Che zet not a vig by a wife, if a wife zet not a vig By me.1613 E. Wright Descr. & Use Sphære 61 Such starres as sett when the sunne riseth, are said to set cosmically.1711 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 176 I sett again the quære, how can the Irish..be..deemed rebels?1801 Ld. Nelson Let. 28 Jan. in Quaritch's Catal. Oct. (1909) 28 To sett in a dark room.1904 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 193/2 Unless you have..seen him..‘sett’ the game he fetches.

β. northern Middle English seit, Middle English seitt, Middle English sete. (Cf. 2 δ. forms, 3 η. forms.)a1300 Cursor Mundi 1177 I sal seit on þi mi merk.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6060 To seitt him soru at his hert.1455 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 215 I sete vij marcs to a preste to syng a yere for me.c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 27 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 443 Quhar all þe folk..he mycht seit opynly and see.

γ. Middle English sitt, Middle English sitte, Middle English syte, 1500s–1600s sit. (Cf. 2 ζ. forms.)a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 1580 Þe schame, þe sin,..To tell war lang to sitt [Fairf. 14 syte] aboute.14.. in J. Gairdner Sailing Direct. (1889) 18 Be ware of your stremes of flode for they sitten north est on the Iron groundes.c1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) xxxiv Men sittus ryȝte noȝte him bye.1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 57 Sittand thair strenth thy word againe.a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. iii. 130 Shall we sit about some Reuels?1683 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 82 For sitting up of Bouyes in the River and Bay.

b. 2nd singular indicative Old English settes (northern), Old English–1500s settis, Old English– settest, Middle English settist, Middle English settyst, 1500s–1600s setst, 1500s–1600s settst. c825 Vesp. Ps. xx. 4 Ðu settes heafde his beg of stane deorwyrðum.c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John xiii. 38 Saul ðin fore mec ðu settis [Rushw. setes].c1000 Ags. Ps. lxxiii. 16 Þu dæg settest.c1400 Melayne 988 Thou settis more by a littill golde,..Þan to fighte one goddes foo.1411 in 26 Pol. Poems 43 Þou settest at nouȝt, y bouȝt so dere.c1460 Wisdom 927 in Macro Plays 66 Why werkyst þou hys consell? by myn settis lyght?a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 121 When þow settyst a pipe abroche.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job vii. 17 What is man that thou..settest so moch by him?1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos i. sig. C.jv My son, that of the thonderblastes of hye Ioue settst but light.1562 J. Heywood Three Hundred Epigrammes (new ed.) in Wks. sig. Riii Shall I set at my hart, that thou settst [1555 setst] at thy heele?1611 Bible (King James) Deut. xxiii. 20 In all that thou settest thine hand to.1682 J. Dryden Mac Flecknoe 13 With what e're Gall thou sets thy self to write. c. 3rd singular indicative.

α. Old English–Middle English seteþ (Anglian), Old English–Middle English setteþ, Middle English setteth, Middle English setteþþ, Middle English zetteþ, Middle English–1500s settith, Middle English–1500s settyth. c825 Vesp. Psalter ciii. 3 Se seteð wolcen upstige his.c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 51 Dæl his [he] seteþ mið liceterum.c1000 Ags. Ps. lxxxiv. 12 And on weg setteð wise gangas.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7821 Drihhtin setteþþ i þin þohht. God dede to biginnenn.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 6 Huo þet ine þise þinges agelteþ zetteþ zuo moche hire herte..[etc.].c1450 Mirk's Festial 283 Ȝe settyth noght by no worldely worschyp.1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Iiii He settethe nothynge by yt.1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 169 Let Christ (as it setteth him well) have all the glory.

β. Old English–Middle English set, Old English–Middle English sett, Middle English sæt, Middle English zet (Kent). c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxv. §4 Þæt hehste god, ðæt..hit eall set.a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 963 Nan man buton se abbot ane, & þam þe he þærto sæt.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 179 Gief he him set a speche.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 7 Ine þe stede of þe sabat..zet holi cherche þane sonday to loky.c1400 Rom. Rose 4925 Youthe sett man in all folye.1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. xxxvi. 191 Man be-hettith woman loue when he Set the Ring on hir fynger.

γ. Old English (Northumberland) Middle English settes, Middle English sattys, Middle English setis, Middle English settus, Middle English–1500s settis (northern), Middle English–1500s settys, 1500s– sets, 1500s– setts. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxiv. 51 Dal his [he] settes mið legerum.1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 182 Þe..king..þere-on settus his sel.a1400–50 Wars Alex. 1221 Sampson on anothire side setis out belyue.14.. Erthe upon Erthe (1911) 32/4 How erthe vpon erthe sattys all at noght.?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 579 He saies he settes here þat he fande.a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) ciii. ii He setts thee free.a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iv. 70 And consequently setts downe the manner how.a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 270 Which he so sets at naught.1807 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Essex II. xiii. 334 At this Michælmas (1805) he setts 2000.

d. Imperative (a) singular Old English sett (Northumberland), Old English–Middle English sete, Middle English zete, Middle English–1500s sett, Middle English–1500s sette, Middle English– set; (b) plural Old English settaþ, Middle English setteþ, Middle English settis (northern), Middle English settith. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. ix. 18 On sett hond ofer hia [Rushw. gesette].971 Blickl. Hom. 87 Sete nu þin wuldres tacn in helle.c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 542 Settað eornostlice on eowerum heortum þæt [etc.].c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13584 Setteð [c1300 Otho wendeþ] heom after.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1847 Þu..irum al þat lond. and sete hit Cordoille an hond.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 254 Zete ane brydel to þine couaytises.1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 622 But manly set þe world on sixe and seuene.1410 in 26 Pol. Poems 37 Among seyntes þy soule sete.c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 257 Lord,..sette thou me bisidis thee.c1450 Mirk's Festial 139 Castys don þes mawmetys..and settyþe þer a cros.1482 Monk of Evesham 27 Settith before vs the bred.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xi. 563 Beis nocht abasit..Bot settis speris ȝow befor.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Coloss. iii. A Set youre mynde on the thinges which are aboue. 2. Past tense.

α. Old English–Middle English sætte, Old English–1500s sette, Middle English seate, Middle English sete, Middle English zette, Middle English–1600s sett, Middle English– set. OE Guthlac A 434 Guðlac sette hyht in heofonas, hælu getreowde, hæfde feonda feng feore gedyged.c975 Rushw. Gosp. John xx. 15 Sæge hræðe me hwer ðu settes hine.OE Beowulf 325 Setton sæmeþe side scyldas..wið þæs recedes wael.a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1086 He sætte mycel deorfrið.c1160 Hatton Gosp. Luke xix. 21 Þu nymst þæt þu ne settst.a1175 Cott. Hom. 221 God him sette nama adam.c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (Rolls) 2086 Gwyndolene a child had þan,..When tyme was, [she] set hit to boke.c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 208 Wher-to, my modir, settist þou me on þi knees,..and rokkid me, and fed me?a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4175 Siþen þai settam [= sett þam] dun and ete.c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 509 He sette noght his benefice to hyre.a1561 G. Cavendish Metrical Visions (1980) 184 Thou didest me avaunce And settest me vppe in thys great pompe and pryde.1579 S. Gosson Apol. Schoole of Abuse in Ephemerides Phialo f. 82v The same proposition..which I sette downe before.c1610–15 Life Holie Helena in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 35 Some she sett out of prison.1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 441 The Jeweller and Gooldsmith who set the Jewells.

β. Middle English–1800s sat, Middle English–1800s sate. Frequent in inferior writers of the second half of the 18th c., esp. in intr. senses.c1420 Master of Oxf. Catech. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 231 C[lerk] Who sat first vines? M[aister] Noe set the first vines.1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1558) viii. xv. 10 Theodose..Smote of his heed, and sate [1494, 1554 set] it on the gate.a1547 in Fosbrooke Econ. Mon. Life (1796) 84 She sate forward aft[er] masse.1566 T. Nuce tr. Octavia (1581) f. 183 That..rage..Sate them agog.1677 W. Hubbard Narrative II. 66 We sate Sayle.1716 B. Church Entertaining Passages Philip's War i. 36 The fore-most sat down his load and halted.1742–3 Observ. Methodists 19 The Lord sat his Banner over us.1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 74 Like Yorick, he often sat the table on a roar.1756 W. Toldervy Hist. Two Orphans I. 109 The coach being ready, the ladies..sate out for the hall.1790 C. M. Graham Lett. Educ. 318 The example which the king and his courtiers sat.1808 ‘H. St. Victor’ Ruins of Rigonda I. 186 He then sat before them some dried fruits.1824 H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. 1st Ser. III. 137 (note) The Prince and Marquis..sate out with the names of Thomas and John Smith.1843 J. C. Frémont Rep. 25 Aug. in D. Jackson & M. L. Spence Exped. J. C. Frémont (1970) I. 482 I sat out on my return to the camp.

γ. dialect 1700s–1800s sot, 1700s–1800s zot (south-western). 1776 T. Hutchinson Diary 5 June (1886) II. 67 I sot out from Falmouth this morning.1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) II. 51 Dolly informed her that she was to depart the next day..because, as the caravan sot off by five in the morning, they should not catch her travelling before day~light.a1855 W. T. Spurdens Forby's Vocab. E. Anglia (1858) III. 47 Sot, ‘I sot it down’.1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago III. 161 If ever he sot a foot here!1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at Set the back of Zot his back up purty well.

δ. northern Old English seton (plural), Middle English seit, Middle English sete, Middle English 1700s–1800s seet, Middle English 1700s–1800s seete. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark xv. 19 Seton cnewa.] a1300 Cursor Mundi 2442 Þar he seit first his auter stan.a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4654 For many seerties we seet þat sysed all þe werde.1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 394 And certane tyme till him he sete [rhyme meite].?1748 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lancs. Dial. (ed. 2) 26 Then they aw seete ogen meh.

ε. Middle English settede, Middle English settid, Middle English settide, Middle English settyd, Middle English–1500s setted, 1500s settit (Scottish), 1500s zetted (dialect (south-western)). Frequent in Caxton.a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. liii. 3 Wherfore ne wee setteden by hym.c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 530 Crist..settid the lawe of hise sacramentis to the seid lawe of kinde.1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ix. 245 Reynawde setted noughte by his lyffe.c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1901) I. Matt. iv. 5 The feend..settit him on the pynacile of the tempile.1582 T. Bentley et al. Monument of Matrones iii. 330 O heauenlie King, who..settedst me in the regall throne.1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases 12 I zetted.

ζ. Middle English sitt. (Cf. 1a γ. forms.)a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5058 And þan on bink he sitt him bi [Fairf. sete, Gött. sett, Trin. Cambr. set].

3. Past participle.

α. Old English gesæt, Old English geset, Old English gesett, Middle English hii-sette, Middle English hi-sette, Middle English isæt ( Lay.), Middle English iset, Middle English i-sete, Middle English isett, Middle English isette (infl.), Middle English isette, Middle English izet (Kent), Middle English ysett, Middle English ysett, Middle English ysette, Middle English yzet (Kent), Middle English (1500s–1600s archaic) yset. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xi. §2 Þa gesælða þe ge oninnan iow habbað..geset.c1050 Ags. Hom. (Assmann) 183 Hys flæsc wearð eall gesett.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 11 Þas daȝes beoð iset us to muchele helpe.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 304 Þeos riche ancres þetilieð oðer habbeð rentes isette.c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9 Childer, þat ben to boke ysett.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 167 Erþan hi by yzet ope þet bord. a1440 Sir Degrev. 1373 Swythe chayres was i-sete And quyschonis of vyolete.c1450 Godstow Reg. 491/11 In tymys I-sette.?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 1 My seruice wel ysette and quitte.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C6v The stone therein yset.1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 387 With words in forme yset.

β. Old English–1800s sett, Middle English cette, Middle English sette (infl.), Middle English–1500s sette, Middle English– set, Middle English– zet (dialect (south-western)). c1000 Ags. Ps. cxliii. 14 Settum beamum.1128 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) Fulle feoht was sett betwenen ða Cristene & þa heðene.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 101 Wiþþ all swillc rime alls her iss sett.a1300 Havelok 2612 Þe helmes heye on heued sette.1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 189 She shal noght to any be sette Withoutyn leue of my maumette.c1340 Nominale (Skeat) 850 Henne is set.a1400–50 Wars Alex. 179 Sen it is sett to be soo.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 67/2 Cette, or putt.1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 34 I haue not sette by golde ne siluer.1607 Statutes in M. H. Peacock Hist. Free Gram. School Wakefield (1892) 59 All partialitie sett apart.1719 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1886) II. 62 To be sett out so as not to prjudice the highway.1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) ii. 12 When tha art zet agog.1757 R. Robertson Let. in J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde (1881) 359 All your neighbours are sett to be upon you.1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 140 To make a sett near to another that cannot be sett on any more.

γ. Old English geseted (Anglian), Old English gesetet (Anglian), Old English gesetted (Anglian), Old English gesettet (Anglian), Middle English settyt, 1500s settit, 1800s zetted (dialect). c825 Vesp. Ps. ii. 6 Ic soðlice geseted ic eam cyning.c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. iii. xviii. §1 Þa wilnade he liif onhyrgan, þe he wel geseted geseah in Gallia rice.c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark iv. 21 Gesetted bið, ponatur.c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1901) I. Luke xix. 21 Thou takis away that that thou has nocht settit.?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Cci v The soule vegetable..is setted within the myght elemented.1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases 12 Zetted.

δ. Old English gesatted (Northumberland), Middle English isat, Middle English sate, Middle English satte, 1500s–1600s sat. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John xx. 6 Ða linne hræglo gesattedo vel asetedo, linteamina posita.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15087 Þe dæi wes isæt [c1300 Otho iset].14.. Three Chron. (Camden) 77 Sir Baudwyns hede caryed to Excester and sate upon the castell yate.14.. Tundale's Vis. (Wagner) 2031 A crowne..satte aboute..Wyth precious stones.1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy Interchangeable Course iv. f. 47v To be sat at their ease.a1695 A. Wood Life ann. 1683 (1772) II. 324 In the Pump below the Star Inn was a Tub sat.

ε. dialect 1800s a-sot, 1800s sot, 1800s zot. (See Eng. Dial. Dict.)1836 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker (1839) xxi. 76 To get it sot to rights.1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at Set up He's a quiet sort of a man like till he's a zot up.

ζ. Old English geseten, Middle English settyn, 1500s settin, 1800s setten. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke Pref. 9 Geseteno mið bisene, positaque similitudine.1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. xvi Of euery one I am setten aback.1567 R. Sempill Deeclaratioun Lordis Iust Quarrell (single sheet) Quhen faceles fuillis sall not be settin by.1887 D. Donaldson Jamieson's Sc. Dict. Suppl. Setten... This old part. form is still used by the common people.1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) Setten up.

η. Middle English seeit, Middle English seete, Middle English seit, Middle English seyt, Middle English–1500s sete, 1800s seet. a1300 Cursor Mundi 1166 Mi sin me has seit in vnsell.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 74 Goddis curs is seit at nouȝt.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 174 Here herte is seeit to loue his muk.c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 451 Holy Chirche is seet in virtues and good lif.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20179 Has he sete me ani dai?c1420 Sir Amadas (Weber) 370 Full mykyll seyt by.c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 3 Thei hem silf..ben despisid and ben not seet bi.1488 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis (1845) I. 320 The said reuerend fadir..has seit and to male lattin..þe saidis landis.1584 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 21 Payed for a horce showe wch was sete on in Chorlaye iijs.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Common Germanic: Old English sęttan = Old Frisian setta (modern Frisian sette ), Old Saxon settian (Middle Dutch, Middle Low German setten , Dutch zetten ), Old High German sezzan beside sazzan (Middle High German sezzen , German setzen ), Old Norse setja (Swedish satta , Danish sætte ), Gothic satjan ; causative of *setjan (sitjan ) to sit v.Confusion between set and sit arose as early as the beginning of the 14th cent., owing partly to the identity or close similarity of the forms of their past tenses and past participles, and partly to the identity of meaning in some uses, as between to be set (= seated) and to sit ; compare sit v. (etymological note and 5a note). For cases of mere substitution of forms of sit for forms of set , see 1 γ. , 2 ζ. forms. The spelling sett is still sometimes found in technical senses; compare set n.1
Signification.
General arrangement of senses. I. To cause to sit, seat; to be seated, sit. II. To sink, descend. III. To put in a definite place (the manner of the action being implied either in the verb itself or in the context). IV. To place or cause to be in a position, condition, relation, or connection. (This group embraces a large number of uses in which the precise implication of sense depends mainly on the kind of construction employed.) V. To appoint, prescribe, ordain, establish. VI. To arrange, fix, adjust. VII. To place mentally, suppose, estimate. VIII. To put or come into a settled position or condition. IX. To put in the way of following a course, cause to take a certain direction. X. Senses perhaps arising from reversal of construction or from ellipsis (their origin being often obscure). XI. With prepositions in specialized senses. XII. With adverbs in specialized senses. (Combinations formed on the verb-stem are given in a separate article, set- comb. form.)
I. To cause to sit, seat; to be seated, sit.The intransitive sense ‘to sit’ (5) was apparently developed out of the reflexive and passive uses of the original transitive sense of ‘to seat’. Set, being thus used synonymously with sit, became capable of taking its other senses and constructions (see 5d, 5e, 6, 7).
1.
a. transitive. To place in a sitting posture; to cause to occupy a seat; to seat.This sense is barely exemplified outside certain phraseological expressions, e.g. to set on a seat, a throne, on horseback, etc., in which the sense ‘cause to sit’ is now lost sight of. (Prov. to set a beggar on horseback: to give an undeserving person an advantage which he will misuse.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of sitting > sit on [verb (transitive)] > seat or cause to sit
setc888
settleOE
sitc1300
to set downa1470
siegea1500
seat1623
plotz1969
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. viii. §5 Þu settest us on þæt setl ðines sceoppendes.
1130 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) Þa munecas..setten him on þes abbotes settle.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7023 Þe king..sætte hine bi him-seoluen.
1300–1400 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) App. xx. 446 To king he was iblessed..& iset in trone.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 198 Riȝt as sum man ȝeue me mete and sette me amydde þe flore.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iii. ii. 101 The Bisshop of Caunterbury..sette the viij and xx knyghtes in her syeges.
1485 Device Coronation Henry VII in W. Jerdan Rutland Papers (1842) 19 The King..shalbe sett a gayn in his chair befor the high aulter.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 712/1 Come hyther, Kate, and I wyll set the on my lappe, and daunce the.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/1 In the stede of a good man we set a shrewe upon the benche.
1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. i. sig. B2 Dut. Nay set you a horse back once, Youle nere light off. Spu. Indeed I am a beggar.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iii. ii. 395 Set a beggar on horseback, and he will ride a gallop.
1660 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania iv. 259 Having set the two Ladies..upon two green Seats.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables lxx. 69 They..Set Boys upon the Back on't [a camel].
1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 132 Who setting us upon Camels, conducted us to Mazna.
b. To cause (a body of persons) to sit in deliberation. Obsolete. (Cf. 4c.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > advise [verb (transitive)] > deliberate on > cause to
seta1122
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 675 Ða heot seo kining þone ærcebiscop Theodorus þæt he scolde setton ealle gewitenemot æt þone stede þæt man cleopeð Heatfelde.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 591 The king a parlyament Gert set tharefter hastely.
1560 Inchaffray Charters (S.H.S.) 167 With power to gar set and affirme courte or courtis.
c. To put (a hen) to sit on eggs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > rear poultry [verb (transitive)] > cause hen to sit
setc1440
sit1805
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 575 What wommon connot sette an hen obrood And bringe her briddis forth?
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlix Whan they waxe broudy, to set them there as no beestes..hurt them.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 710/2 I will set sixe hennes a brodyng agaynst this Marche.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 191 The best Age to set a Hen for Chickens, is from two years old to five.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 709 It is not an unusual practice to set a hen at any time of the day.
1867 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 3 522 I never set less than three hens at one time.
d. To cause (a bird) to perch.
ΚΠ
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 710/2 I set a hauke on her perche, je perche... Go set my hauke on her perche.
1864 R. Browning James Lee's Wife iii. i The swallow has set her six young on the rail.
2. reflexive. To go down upon one's knees (aknee, a-knewling, on knee(s, etc.); = sit v. Phrases 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or act of kneeling > kneel or assume kneeling posture [verb (reflexive)]
setc1250
kneelc1430
c1250 Meid Maregrete lxvii Malchus herde thes wordes, he sette him acne.
a1300 K. Horn 781 He sette him a knewelyng.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1211 On knes ful fayre he hem setten.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 455 Doun I sette me on myn kne.
3. reflexive. To seat oneself, take a seat, sit down. (Most frequently to set oneself down: see to set down 9 at Phrasal verbs 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of sitting > sit down [verb (reflexive)]
siteOE
seta1300
to sit downa1393
to set downa1400
seat1589
swapa1592
bench1608
pitch1844
a1300 K. Horn 1475 He sette him on þe benche His harpe for to clenche.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 608 After to þe souper alle and some..þey hym sette.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 154 My doughter, sette you here by me.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5092 Þerfore set you full sone.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12214 He..set hym to ground.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) ix. ii Setting thy self, in throne which shined bright, Of judging right.
4.
a. passive. To be seated. (See also to set down 9b at Phrasal verbs 2.)
ΚΠ
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 6516 Afterward her compeinie Was yset,..& next hem..Sat þe kniȝtes of þe rounde table.
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 62 Þe men weren sette as it were fyve þousand.
c1410 Sir Cleges 469 The kynge was sett in his parlor, Wyth myrth solas and onor.
1503 in Lett. Richard III & Henry VII (1861) I. 192 Next the..Saxon, the marques of Brandeburgh..bisshop of Laufenburgh were sett.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1711 When þe souerayne was set in a sete rioll.
1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 156 It so fortuned that as thei were set, the Italian knockt at the Gate.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 386 The Queen of Furies by their sides is set.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §305 Most of the workmen were set round the fire.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond II. xv. 314 Most of the party were set to cards.
1875 E. A. Freeman in W. R. W. Stephens Life & Lett. E. A. Freeman (1895) II. 254 Soft chairs, in which, when one is once set, it is hard to get up again.
b. To be seated to partake of a meal (to meat, at or to dinner, etc.). Obsolete or archaic.Partly a spec. use of preceding, partly a true passive of sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eat [verb (intransitive)] > sit at table
set13..
13.. K. Alis. 538 To the mete they weoren y-set.
c1440 Generydes 387 The Kyng was sette and serued in the hall.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Chron. (1812) I. 396 He..was set at the table to eate some meate.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 183 Quhen thay war seruit and set to the Suppar.
1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. iv. vii. 131 After the King was set to diner.
1633 P. Massinger New Way to pay Old Debts iii. ii. sig. G4 I play the foole To stand here prating, and forget my dinner. Are they set Marrall?
1777 H. Brooke Fool of Quality (rev. ed.) V. xvii. 205 When they were again set to dinner, the page entered.
c. To be seated for deliberation or judgement; (of a court) to be in session. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)] > be seated for deliberation
set1390
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of sitting > be sitting or seated [verb (intransitive)] > for specific purpose > for deliberation or judgement
set1390
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 249 Whan the Court is set.
c1400 Pety Job 422 in 26 Pol. Poems 134 Thou shalt me call at domesday, When thow art set on iugement.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxjv After that thei [sc. the Legates] wer set..their Commission was redde.
1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. F2 Bring forth the Prisoner, for the Court is set.
1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iii. i. 41 in Wks. II Is the examiner set?
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1671 (1955) III. 579 We tooke all our Places..being all set, our Patent was read.
d. Of a rabbit: To be resting.
ΚΠ
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod i. i. 17 A hare [was said to be] formed, a rabbit set.
1817 J. Mayer Sportsman's Direct. (ed. 2) 195 The stag is said to be harboured,..the hare formed, the rabbit set, the marten-cat treed.
5.
a. intransitive. To sit, be seated. (Sometimes, as in 4b, 4c, with spec. reference to partaking of a meal or sitting in judgement, etc.). Now U.S., dialect or colloquial. (See also to set down 9c at Phrasal verbs 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of sitting > be sitting or seated [verb (intransitive)]
asitOE
sitOE
setc1275
to sit down1659
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11434 A bord swiðe hende. þat þer maȝen sitten [c1300 Otho sitte] to sixtene hundred & ma.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 9832 Here-vte setteþ [c1275 Calig. sitteð] six men.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiii. vii. 620 And soo after vpon that to souper, and euery knyȝt sette in his owne place.
c1480 (a1400) Prol. 132 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 5 Quhen at he suld sit in sege of maieste, þai twelf suld set with hym-self.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvi. 377 He made theim to set vpon a benche.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/2 I set hyest, or upper moste in a companye, je preside.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5095 Þen set þai sone, as said hom the kyng.
1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. K Such men as..set on the pillory for..periurie.
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iv. 65 They may set in the Orchestra, and noblest Seats of Heaven.
1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 30 The King and Queen only remaining..setting under the Cloath of State.
1788 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 385 It is very possible that the President and the new Congress may be setting at New York.
1825 R. P. Ward Tremaine I. xxiii. 173 He had set upon tenter-hooks during the whole conversation.
1845 C. Dickens Chimes i. 30 You must always go and be a settin on our steps, must you!
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lv. 490 I'm thinkin' if I set here until I'm paid my wages, I shall set a precious long time, Mrs. Raggles; and set I will, too.
1884 C. H. Smith Bill Arp's Scrap Bk. vi. 74 Lawyers and doctors have to set about town.
1897 T. Watts-Dunton Aylwin vii. ii When you two was a-settin' by the pool, a-eatin' the breakfiss.
1913 H. Kephart Our Southern Highlanders xiii. 298 ‘Come in and set.’ ‘Cain't stop long.’
1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling i. 12 ‘If a feller'd light me a candle,’ she said, ‘I'd git shut o' the dishwashin' and mebbe have time to set and enjoy myself.’
1974 P. De Vries Glory of Hummingbird (1975) iii. 37 Lolly came almost every evening to set a spell.
b. Of a hen: To sit upon eggs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [verb (intransitive)] > sit on eggs (of hen)
to sit on brood or a-broodc1275
set1587
1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 153/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II That Romish cockatrice, which a long time had set abrood vpon hir egs, had now hatched hir chickins.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Oeuvé, layed, or set on, as an egge.
1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 85 Stopping when they have laid as many as they can set upon.
1726 R. Bradley Country Gentleman & Farmer's Monthly Director 31 Chuse the old Hens to set upon the Eggs, for they will set close.
1840 F. D. Bennett Narr. Whaling Voy. I. 371 The boobies..that were ‘setting hard’, as the schoolboys say,..screamed..on our approach.
c. To become lodged upon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > cease to move or become motionless > be arrested or intercepted in progress > by mud, bog, or sand
stablec1571
mire?1590
to be bogged1743–7
boga1800
set1869
founder1875
1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding i. 16 Sand is the worst description of ground for a ship to set on as it forms a curved base.
1887 G. B. Goode Fisheries U.S.: Hist. & Methods II. 540 The first thing found out was that the floating spawn would not attach itself to, or ‘set’ (in the vernacular of the shore) upon, anything which had not a clean surface.
d. transferred and figurative. = sit v. 5, 6, Phrases 4. Now dialect or colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > be permanent [verb (intransitive)] > remain, continue > in specified state
ofstandeOE
atstandc1000
goOE
standOE
containc1380
perseverec1380
contunec1400
to hold inc1400
setc1400
remain?a1450
continue1503
stay1570
keepc1600
subsista1616
c1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 317 Þam..Þat for godes sake here sett Vnder þe band of Sant Benett.
1482 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 121 They off Gaunte hath sent to the Inglysch naschon and to Dutch naschon..commaundyng them to sett styll..and entermete wt noo party.
1536 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 113 The emperor him selfe was glad to sett still.
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 514 That which setteth neerest hir husbands hart.
1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. F3 O monstrous times, where murders set so light.
1651 J. Howell S.P.Q.V. 2 The Eastern Emperors have divers times set upon her skirts [see skirt n. 3].
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 34 Setting full as close to the very stamp or inmostness of a thinking Being, as [etc.].
1803 Forest of Hohenelbe iii. 103 A disappointment that ought not to set very heavily on her mind.
1892 Harper's Mag. Dec. 22/1 The cat ate a rat, and it did not set well on her stomach.
e. To have a certain set or hang; to sit (well or ill, tightly or loosely, etc.). Cf. sit v. 22a(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [verb (intransitive)] > sit or hang
sita1393
set1804
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > be in a style (of hair) [verb (intransitive)]
set1804
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > sail > [verb (intransitive)] > have a certain hang
set1892
1804 tr. J. H. F. La Martelière Three Gil Blas II. 95 Your new clothes, which do not by any means set so well upon you.
1861 Temple Bar 3 250 To make the artificial hair curl and set naturally to the head.
1878 G. H. Napheys Physical Life Woman 205 A body-case of strong linen..setting snugly to the form.
a1882 J. P. Quincy Figures of Past (1883) 129 His brown wig, which set low upon his forehead.
1887 Lady V. 46 Sleeves lined with stiff or harsh linings never set well.
1892 Field 2 July 30/1 Her sail did not set at all well.
6.
a. transitive. To become, befit, suit. Chiefly Scottish (in modern use often ironical).
ΚΠ
a1505 R. Henryson Garmont Gud Ladeis 40 in Poems (1981) 163 Scho woir nevir grene nor gray That set hir half so weill.
?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 46 How it settis him!— so syde to sege of sic materis.
c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iv. 41 It settis not madynis als To latt men lowis thair lace.
1606 W. Arthur & H. Charteris Rollock's Lect. 1st & 2nd Epist. Paul to Thessalonians (1 Thess.) xvi. 190 It is ouer sore to a Gentleman to doe that, it settes him not.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 55 It sets him well howbeit he be young, to make Christ his garland.
1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iv. i It sets him weel To yoke a plough where Patrick thought to till!
1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vii. 125 It wad better set you to be nursing the gudeman's bairns than to be deaving us here. View more context for this quotation
1827 T. Carlyle tr. E. T. W. Hoffmann in German Romance II. 241 How prettily the lace cap sets her.
1860 G. J. Whyte-Melville Holmby House II. xxi. 301 It set him well now, a worn and broken man, to be taking thought of his looks like a girl.
1891 J. M. Barrie Little Minister I. ii. 30 Gavin,..do you think this bonnet sets me?
b. Also said of the person with regard to clothing, etc.
ΚΠ
1892 Longman's Mag. Nov. 59 Mysie..was a pretty creature, ‘setting’, in Scottish phrase, everything she wore.
7. To sit (a horse); = sit v. 14a. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)]
sit1542
saddle1551
carry1613
endorsea1637
set1648
1648 N. Ward To Parl. at Westm. 11 It will try how the new Riders will set the saddle.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 248. ⁋1 She set her horse with a very graceful air.
II. To sink, descend.
8. intransitive. To subside, abate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)]
littleOE
setc1000
wanzec1175
lessc1225
allayc1275
wane1297
slaken1303
disincreasec1374
slakec1380
decrease1382
debatea1400
unwaxa1400
wastea1400
adminishc1400
lessenc1400
imminish14..
aslakec1405
minish?a1425
assuagec1430
shrinkc1449
to let down1486
decay1489
diminish1520
fall1523
rebate1540
batea1542
to come down1548
abate1560
stoop1572
pine1580
slack1580
scanten1585
shrivel1588
decrew1596
remit1629
contract1648
subside1680
lower1697
relax1701
drop1730
to take off1776
to run down1792
reduce1798
recede1810
to run off1816
to go down1823
attenuatea1834
ease1876
downscale1945
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 86 Nim fyrs..& lege uppa þat geswollene & hyt sceal sona settan.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 201 Þe swalm schal setten.
9.
a. Of the sun or other luminary: To go down; to make an apparent descent towards and below the horizon. (Conjugated, like other intr. verbs of motion, with either be or have.)Not in Old English: cf. Old Norse setjask.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > move [verb (intransitive)] > set
setc1300
descendc1392
declinec1430
resconse1503
stoop?1615
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > become evening [verb (intransitive)] > set (of sun)
setc1300
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2671 So þat þei nouth ne blinne, Til þat to sette bigan þe sunne.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3050 Als sone as þe son hup soght þe slaghter begynnys, And to sett was þe same sesytt þai neuer.
c1440 Alphabet of Tales 74 Þou sall dye or þe son sett.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xv. sig. Z4 The Sun was readie to set.
1613 G. Chapman Memorable Maske Inns of Court sig. a2v The ruddy Sunne was seen ready to set.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. x. 220 With them all the stars ęqually set & rise.
1787 A. Young Jrnl. 10 June in Trav. France (1792) i. 18 The sun, on the point of being set.
1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf vi, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 119 The sun setting red.
1823 F. D. Hemans Siege Valencia i. 121 Till the last pale star had set.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. v. 68 The moon was set, and it was very dark.
1874 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxix, in Monthly Packet Feb. 109 The sun had long been set.
in extended use.1667 J. Dryden Indian Emperour i. ii. 6 Distant skies that in the Ocean set.
b. Of the day: To come to its close. poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > [verb (intransitive)] > come to an end
set1604
to shut in1623
pink1879
1604 M. Drayton Moyses ii. 48 Euery minute is a day and night That breakes and sets in twinkling of an eie.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. ii. sig. D2 The euening will set red, vpon you, Sir. View more context for this quotation
1838 S. Bellamy Betrayal 67 The third day Had set upon the sepulchre.
c. figurative. To decline, wane.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)] > fall from prosperous or thriving condition
afalleOE
wanec1000
fallOE
ebba1420
to go backward?a1425
to go down?1440
decay1483
sink?a1513
delapsea1530
reel1529
decline1530
to go backwards1562
rue1576
droop1577
ruina1600
set1607
lapse1641
to lose ground1647
to go to pigs and whistles1794
to come (also go) down in the world1819
to peg out1852
to lose hold, one's balance1877
to go under1879
toboggan1887
slip1930
to turn down1936
1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. v. sig. I4v May not we set as well as the Dukes sonne.
1611 Second Maiden's Trag. (1909) iii. i. 41 And rise againe in health, to set in shame?
a1627 T. Middleton Chast Mayd in Cheape-side (1630) v. 65 Your malice sets in death, does it not Sir?
1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick Ep. Ded. sig. a6v Having absolved your courses through the Zodiac of praise-worthy Actions, you wil set laden with Lustre.
1812 W. Scott Let. 4 Apr. (1932) III. 101 She should have no twilight but set in the full possession of her powers.
1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. 282 The British Empire in India seemed setting in fire and blood.
1892 Argosy June 496 The glory of Egypt seemed to have set.
10. Naut. to heave and set: to rise and fall with a heavy sea. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1555) xxi. 99 Quadrant it was, and did heve and sette At every storme whan the wind was great.
1574 W. Bourne Regim. for Sea (1577) vi. 26 The Sea..causeth the shippe to heaue, and sette little or much.
1630 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 9 This day the ship heaved and set more than before.
1674 W. Petty Disc. before Royal Soc. 60 If the said water be so rough, as that the Vessel heavs and sets.
III. To put (more or less permanently) in a definite place.
* Where the manner of the action is implied in the verb itself.
11.
a. transitive. To place on or as on a foundation; to build, erect; = to set up at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > build or construct [verb (transitive)] > on or as on a foundation
setOE
superedify1558
superstruct1642
OE Crist I 356 Þu ærest wære mid þone ecan frean sylf settende þas sidan gesceaft.
OE Genesis 1881 Ongunnon..heora burh ræran, and sele settan.
a1300 K. Horn 1395 Strong castel he let sette.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 562 Ðat arche..Set and limed a-gen ðe flood.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 1238 For mi blod no worþ it þe bet, Neuer more þe bet yset.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20902 Quen he of antioche had fund þe kirk, and graytli set on grund.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 1649 Godis awen temple, Þat of sir Salamon þe sage sett was & foundid.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4305 And þat sullepe sire at sett all þe werde, In him we lely beleue & in na laȝe ellis.
1470 Little Red Bk. Bristol (1900) II. 133 A litill newe howse..is bild and sett vpon the Comyn grond in the hye strete iij fote.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1689 Qwhen this Citie was set & full sure made.
figurative.1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. v. 61 That oure lawe is sette alle vpon loue and charyte.
b. passive. Of a figure: To rest (on a base). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > high position > position upon > be upon something [verb (intransitive)]
to sit on ——eOE
leanOE
restOE
to sit upon ——c1300
set1570
insist1598
seat1607
inside1657
repose1799
1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. vi. f. 173v If from a parallelogramme be taken away a parallelograme like vnto the whole and in like sorte set.
1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements i. 30 Triangles..set upon equall bases.
12.
a. To put (a shoot or young plant) into the ground to grow; to plant (a tree, also by extension, a vineyard, flowers, a crop). Also, less usually, to plant (seed) by hand, as opposed to sowing; sometimes said of the plant; formerly also, †to cause to grow from seed (of a kernel).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > plant plants [verb (transitive)]
setc725
planteOE
impc1420
enroot1490
implant1610
to put in1657
to plant out1664
to put out1699
to stop in1826
to put down1865
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > sowing > sow seed [verb (transitive)] > cause to grow from seed
set1602
c725 Corpus Gloss. P 13 Pastinare, settan.
OE Genesis 1558 Ða Noe..wingeard sette, seow sæda fela.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 278 Ȝe beoð ȝunge ympen iset igodes orhȝeart.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1015 Treis o frut þan es þarsett Þat serekin vertu has at ette.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1278 Abraham..tillede corn and sette treen.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 14 His appultreen, what hour Best is to sette.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xl If the hege be of ten or twelfe yeres growyng syth it was first sette.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/2 I have set rosemarye and sage ynough in my gardayne.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Sertor, he that soweth seedes or settethe herbes.
1572 L. Mascall tr. D. Brossard L'Art et Maniere de Semer vi, in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 38 Yee ought to transplant or sette your trees, from Alhalowtide vnto Marche.
1602 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. H3 This was the tree; I set it of a kiernnell.
1612 A. Hopton Concordancy of Yeares (1615) 112 The time [December] is good..to set beanes, pease, &c.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 100 Ile not put The Dible in earth, to set one slip of them. View more context for this quotation
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. iii. §2 To order his trees, and set his flowers.
1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 154 Those trees which are propagated by..setting shoots.
1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 75 She..cover'd it with mould, and o'er it set Sweet Basil.
1830 Examiner 796/1 The seed is to be set by hand.
1890 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 148 717/1 If a man sets potatoes in wet bog.
b. absol. or intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > planting > plant or replant [verb (intransitive)]
replant1572
set1690
to plant out1793
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vi. 26 Ne settas vel sauues non serunt.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 912 For to sowe & to sette in þe sad erthe.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vii. 6 Alle þat halpe hym to erie to sette or to sowe.
?a1586 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems xxxi. 17 I sau, I sett—no flour nor fruit I find.
1690 R. Lucas Humane Life 245 Idleness..never ploughs nor sows..it never plants nor sets.
c. transferred and figurative.
ΚΠ
OE Cynewulf Crist II 663 Eac monigfealde modes snyttru seow ond sette geond sefan monna.
a1325 Prose Psalter xliii. 3 Þyn honde desparplist þe folk, and þou settest hem.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 51 Suete Iesu,..in myn huerte þou sete a rote of þi loue.
c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) ii. pr. v. 48 It is þan so þat ye men ne han no propre goode I-set in ȝow.
c1425 Cast. Persev. 1011 in Macro Plays And þorwe Mankynde we settyn & sowe þe dedly synnys seuene.
?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Cci v The soule vegetable..is setted within the myght elemented.
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 75 Fayre women are sette thicke but they come vppe thinne.
d. As a literalism or contextually: To graft.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > propagate [verb (transitive)] > a cutting: graft
impc1000
graff1377
engraffc1420
seta1425
graft1483
engrafta1677
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Rom. xi. 24 For if thou art kit doun of the kyndeli wielde olyue tre, and aȝens kynd art set in to a good olyue tre, hou myche more thei that ben bi kynde, schulen be set in her olyue tre.
1645 J. Ussher Body of Divinitie 165 We see one tree may be set into another, and it groweth in the stock thereof, and becommeth one and the same tree.
13. To put down, deposit (a pledge, security). Cf. wadset v.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > pledge or deposit as security [verb (transitive)]
setc1000
plight?c1225
lay1297
wagec1330
to lay to borrowc1405
pledgea1475
impledge1548
pawn1570
impawn1598
deposita1640
c1000 Laws Æthelred i. i. (Liebermann) 218 Gif he þonne ful wurðe, æt þam forman cyrre..sette getreowe borgas, þæt he ælces yfeles geswice eft.
1602 in J. Stuart Sel Rec. Kirk Aberdeen (1846) 23 The said day, John Michell is ordanit to be put in the kirk wolt, thairin to remane quhill he sett cautioun to adhear to Margrat Quhytt, his spous.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 66 Thay with the Marques suld set cautioun for keping of the Kingis peace.
14.
a. To put (a sum) down as a stake; to stake, wager. Also figurative. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > bet on [verb (transitive)] > bet (money, etc.)
laya1300
wed1362
to lay downc1430
setc1460
jeopardc1470
wage1484
holda1500
pary?a1505
to stake down1565
stake1591
gagec1598
bet?a1600
go1607
wagera1616
abet1617
impone1702
sport1706
stand1795
gamble1813
parlay1828
ante1846
to put on1890
plunge1919
c1460 R. Roos tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy 524 He leseth his after game, That surely cannot sette his poyntes double.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 119 Ȝoung airis, That his auld thrift settis on ane ais.
1599 J. Minsheu Pleasant Dialogues Spanish & Eng. 67 in R. Percyvall & J. Minsheu Spanish Gram. I set him two shillings, he cast and drew them.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear iv. 119 Set lesse then thou throwest. View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love iv. 54 He is nettled, and sets me twenty: I win them too.
1726 Whole Art & Myst. of Mod. Gaming 23 Whatever Sum you set me, I will do the same to you.
1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna x. xli. 232 His great Empire's worth Is set on Laon and Laone's head.
1853 G. J. Whyte-Melville Digby Grand ix The stakes were ‘set’, the dice rattled [etc.].
b. absol. or intransitive. To put down a stake, lay money on (or at). Also figurative to give a challenge to. Obsolete or archaic.Frequently with dative of the person against whom the stake is laid. The dative being interpreted as a direct object, a personal passive construction was evolved (see quot. 1823).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > play games of chance [verb (intransitive)] > stake
stake1530
seta1553
chip1857
a1553 Nice Wanton 212 Heer six come on seuen. They set them... Come on fiue. She casteth and they set.
1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle ii. ii. sig. Biiii Thou shalt set on the king.
?1577 Misogonus in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Ital. (1911) 210 Sett lustilye my boykins... that was knavishlye throwne.
1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles v. i Come, Dariotto, set me.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. ii. sig. C If I doe giue him a Familiar, Giue you him all you play for; neuer set him: For he will haue it. View more context for this quotation
1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iv. iv, in Wks. I. 575 A very sharke, he set me i' the nicke t'other night at primero . View more context for this quotation
1668 J. Dryden Secret-love 2nd Prol. sig. a4 Throw boldly, for he sets to all that write.
1716 E. Parker Mr. J. Fielding his Acct. Comet 6 Happy the Man who Punts upon a Knave during the Month of January, or sets on 6 upon Twelfth Night.
1739 Act 12 Geo. II c. 28 §3 Every Person..who shall..set at, stake or punt at..Ace of Hearts [etc.].
1807 E. S. Barrett Rising Sun I. 132 Come, seven's the main—who'll set me?
1823 Mirror 1 176/1 Observing that he was completely set, he stopped short,..saying, ‘I believe I am set, gentlemen!’
1825 Examiner 631/2 The King would at one time set higher than usual.
c. Dominoes. To play first.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > table game > dominoes > [verb (intransitive)] > play first
set1844
pose1863
1844 W. J. Pell Treat. Game of Dominoes 22 The largest count that can be made..is 129. To effect this, the winning hand must set.
1897 R. F. Foster Compl. Hoyle 561 The one whose turn it is to set lays down any domino he pleases.
15.
a. To put (a thing, such as an ornament, fitting, piece of furniture, etc.) in a place allotted or adapted to receive it; (contextually) to fit, fix.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > in a place intended or adapted to receive a thing
setc1275
seat1607
lodge1611
render1616
settlec1650
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3905 Þa Bruttes..nomen longen ræftres..& setten heom i Temese flod.
a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 29 A tortayes to sett his lyverey in the wynter nyghtes.
1531 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 26 The side borde in the haull with the tristillis sett in the ground.
1556 in Shropshire Par. Doc. (1903) 58 For ii Wode Candyllstyckes to set apon tapurs.
1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle i. iv. sig. Aiiii Set me a candle, let me seeke.
1590 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons 10 b There be other peeces [viz. guns], to be set vpon Blockes.
1610 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 192 For Coventrie blue to sett lettres in the chaffe beddes.
1645 J. Milton On Christ's Nativity: Hymn xii, in Poems 7 While the Creator Great His constellations set.
1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 34 How the drudging Goblin swet, To ern his Cream-bowle duly set.
1673 J. Dryden Assignation ii. iii. 20 Set the Ladder, and mount first.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 391 Setting the Candles in littl paper lanterns.
1730 J. T. Desaguliers in Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 202 If the Pulley be set backwarder still.
1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. iii, in Poems 119 The Fire-side Chair, still set, but vacant still.
1808 Lady's Econ. Assist. 4 The sleeves must be set into the shirt rather full.
1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 84 When he considers if he shall set a bridle on a horse.
1891 M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians vii. 83 No chair is wiped and set for the visitor.
b. To fit or attach (one thing) to another.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > attach or affix [verb (transitive)]
fastenOE
fasta1225
tachec1315
to-seta1340
catcha1350
affichea1382
to put ona1382
tacka1387
to put to1396
adjoina1400
attach?a1400
bend1399
spyndec1400
to-tachc1400
affixc1448
complexc1470
setc1480
attouch1483
found?1541
obligate1547
patch1549
alligate1563
dight1572
inyoke1595
infixa1616
wreathe1643
adlige1650
adhibit1651
oblige1656
adent1658
to bring to1681
engage1766
superfix1766
to lap on1867
accrete1870
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 372 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 39 Þe hed to set þe body till.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ix. 233 I shall set to your necke an halter.
1497 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 237 Workmanship in..settyng the Newe ledders vnto the seid Bellowes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 174 Be Mercurie, set feathers to thy heeles. View more context for this quotation
c. To place in a certain sequence in a literary work, in writing or print. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > insert in writing
to write inc1384
insert1533
set1535
ascribe1648
append1843
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > parts of a written composition > write parts of composition [verb (transitive)] > place in a certain sequence
set1535
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 19 Tindals vncharitable pistle set before hys newe Testament.
1560 J. Daus in tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries Ep. sig. Aiii I haue set before the beginnyng of euery boke, the some or argument.
1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida Pref. sig. a I made..an Order and Connexion of all the Scenes; removing them from the places where they were inartificially set.
d. To put (eggs) under a hen to be hatched.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > rear poultry [verb (transitive)] > put eggs under
breast1636
set1726
1726 R. Bradley Country Gentleman & Farmer's Monthly Director 31 You may now likewise set Duck-Eggs under Hens.
1815 Sporting Mag. 46 27 The saving of eggs..which you intend to set.
1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvi, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 753 James, you shall have a dozen eggs to set.
16. passive. To have a certain position or arrangement by nature.
ΚΠ
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 38 Swannes swyre swyþe wel ysette.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 98 Her yhen smale and depe set.
1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden vii. 15 At the tops of the stalks come forth the flowers set at certain spaces one above another.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 244 His fine Teeth well set.
1883 M. E. Mann Parish of Hilby iii Their heads were set on long and graceful necks.
** Where the manner of the action is implied in the adverbial complement.
(Many of the divisions under this heading do not indicate a difference of sense, but serve mainly to exhibit the great variety of usage.
The development of phraseological expressions has brought into existence many uses in which the original physical reference is obscured. Cf. IV.)
17.
a. To put or place, cause to be, lie, rest, or stand, in a locality specified by an adverbial expression. (See also branch XII with adverbs.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)]
doeOE
layc950
seta1000
puta1225
dight1297
pilt?a1300
stow1362
stick1372
bestowc1374
affichea1382
posec1385
couchc1386
dressa1387
assize1393
yarkc1400
sita1425
place1442
colloque1490
siegea1500
stake1513
win1515
plat1529
collocate1548
campc1550
posit1645
posture1645
constitute1652
impose1681
sist1852
shove1902
spot1937
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > put or lay down
allayOE
seta1000
to lay downc1275
to put downa1382
to set downa1400
deposec1420
to sit down1600
depositate1618
deposit1749
ground1751
plank1859
OE Beowulf 1242 Setton him to heafdon hilderandas.
OE Genesis 312 [God] heo..under eorðan neoðan..sette sigelease on þa sweartan helle.
a1000 Ælfric Genesis ix. 13 Ic sette minne renbogan on wolcnum.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11351 Þe deofell..brohhte himm o þe temmple. & sette himm heȝhe upp o þe rhof.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 1972 Her, amid heapes, wes þis meiden iset.
c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 738 He sette sadel on stede.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 179 Basilius awook and fonde..his armour i-sette þere as it was raþer.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21624 A wessel..Sett vnder þat licure to hint.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xix. 87 Þai sett þis mawmet with grete wirschepe in a chariot.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 260 As an erthyn pott..sett on þe fyir brestyth on-sundir.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Jer. xlix. 38 I wil set my stole [1611 throne] in Elam.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxxiiv He caused his crowne to be set on the pillowe at his beddes heade.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxvi Settyng both the breade and wyne vpon the Alter.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus v. iii. 178 Set him brest deepe in earth and famish him. View more context for this quotation
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 82 They set this iuyce vpon the fier, continually stirring it.
1743 E. Moxon Eng. Housewifry (new ed.) 25 Set it over a Fire in soft Water.
1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh i. 37 They saw a light at a window now and then, They had not set there.
1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxv. 339 Two drops of blood had fallen on the tablecloth, and the girl instantly set her cup and saucer over them.
b. passive. To be situated, lie (in a certain locality); to be placed (at a certain height, interval, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > situate
setc950
markc1400
situate?a1425
site?c1425
plant1558
seat1603
emplacea1627
position1817
to set down1827
spot1891
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 14 Ofer mor geseted, supra monte posita.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 527 Seuen maister sterns er sette in heuen.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 2 Engelond his a wel god lond..ech londe best Iset in þe on ende of þe worlde as al in þe west.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 5 Þe citee Oxenford, i-sette bytwene þe tweie riveres of Tame and of Temse.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10005 Þe four torels on hei er sett.
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. iii. 381 The graffes..With gemmes fele aboute on hem ysette.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 711/2 Rychemonte is very well set.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. vi. 4 b A small fountaine beeing no higher set then the pauement.
1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. §60 d The said W.M. set, lying, or being in W.
1649 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (new ed.) iii. i. §6. 275 Betwixt them and you will be a great gulf set.
1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 141 Nor struggle in the net Wherein thine helpless feet are set.
18.
a. To place (a thing) upon or in some kind of contact with some part of a person's body, esp. as a part of insignia. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > place insignia upon [verb (transitive)]
set971
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > in contact with a surface
layc950
set971
input1382
immotec1420
impone1529
impose1598
the world > space > distance > nearness > be near to [verb (transitive)] > place near > place in contact > a part of the body
set971
rub1645
971 Blickl. Hom. 23 [Hie] wundan beag of þornum & him setton on heafod.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 1571 & te an toc ane guldene crune, & sette on hire heauet.
?a1366 Romaunt Rose 846 His leefe a rosen chapelet Had made, and on his heed it set.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 15 Upon the hond to were a Schoo And sette uppon the fot a Glove.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 17 Then anon com oure lady..and set a garlond on his hedde.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlvi. 152 He sette his horne to his mouthe and blewe it.
1525 J. Russell in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 298 If your Highnes woll, he woll sett the crowne of Fraunce on your hed.
1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle ii. iv. sig. Cii Chil in Diccon a cleene aperne to take, and set before me.
1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe II. 257 It is them that occasion'd the Crown having been set upon your Head.
b. To put (a thing) in a person's hand. (Cf. 27.)
ΚΠ
c1000 Oaths iii. (Liebermann) 396 Swa hit me se sealde, ðe ic hit nu on hand sette.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8181 Himm wass sett inn hiss rihht hannd An dere kineȝerrde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17629 Son in his hand he þe letter sett.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4472 Me-thought..i þis cupe in hand him sette.
c. To put (something) in one's sight (or view), before one or one's eyes (or view), †to show n.1, †to the sight, †to view n. to set before, originally = to place so as to be seen by, acquired the meanings of to put before one for use, consideration, imitation, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > show to the sight [verb (transitive)]
to set beforea1000
openOE
showlOE
to put forth?c1225
kithe1297
to make (a) showing ofc1330
presenta1398
representa1398
to lay forthc1420
splayc1440
discovera1450
advisea1500
to set to (the) show?1510
to stall out1547
outlay1555
exhibit1573
strew1579
wray1587
displaya1616
ostentate1630
elevate1637
re-exhibita1648
expound1651
unveil1657
subject1720
flare1862
skin1873
patent1889
showcase1939
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)]
belieOE
besita1100
beset?c1225
assiege1297
besiege1297
belayc1320
umsiegea1325
ensiegec1380
environa1382
to set before1382
siege1390
forset?a1400
foldc1400
setc1400
to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449
oppugn?a1475
pursue1488
obsess1503
ferma1522
gird1548
begird1589
beleaguer1590
block1591
invest1591
intermure1606
blockade1684
to lay blockade to1713
leaguer1720
to form the siege1776
cerne1857
a1000 Ælfric Deut. xi. 26 Nu to dæg ic sette beforan eow bletsunga and wirignissa [L. En propono in conspectu vestro].
c1000 Ags. Ps. lv. 7 Ic..sette on ðinre gesyhðe sarige tearas.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xviii. 8 He toke butter, and mylk..and sette bifore hem.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. lxiv. 241 Whan a man syttyth atte mette, and dyuers maner mettis afor hym Is sette.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Rev. iii. 8 I haue set before the an open doore.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 436 With pelur and pall..set to þe sight.
1576 G. Gascoigne Delicate Diet in Wks. (1910) II. 464 They dyd Clarkly in figures, set before us sundry tales.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1624 What was set before him Which without help of eye, might be assay'd,..he still perform'd All. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 391 To set before your sight your glorious Race.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey III. x. Observ. 65 The description sets the figure [of Terror] full before our eyes.
1848 E. B. Pusey Parochial Serm. (1873) I. xix. 371 He cannot set them before him; he cannot see, believe, grasp them.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. v. 2 His birth..and his parentage have been fully set before the public.
d. To put (a person) in prison. Similarly to set in (on) the pillory (see pillory n.). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > imprison [verb (transitive)]
beclosec1000
setc1100
steekc1175
prison?c1225
adightc1275
imprison1297
laya1325
keepc1330
presentc1380
locka1400
throwc1422
commise1480
clapc1530
shop1548
to lay up1565
incarcerate1575
embar1590
immure1598
hole1608
trunk1608
to keep (a person) darka1616
carceir1630
enjaila1631
pocket1631
bridewell1733
bastille1745
cage1805
quod1819
bag1824
carcerate1839
to send down1840
jug1841
slough1848
to send up1852
to put away1859
warehouse1881
roundhouse1889
smug1896
to bang up1950
c1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. D) ann. 1036 Ða let he hine on hæft settan.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23315 Þai sal be sett in þair prisun.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxxviii. 468 My wyfe set in pryson.
1535 Layton in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 61 We have sett Dunce [sc. Duns Scotus] in Bocardo.
a1547 in J. R. Boyle Early Hist. Town & Port of Hedon (1895) App. p. lxxiv Then the maiore to sett theym in presone.
e. With adverb complement or phr. expressing removal or issue from or out of a place. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1450 Brut 336/20 Þei sette out of þe Tour þe Archebishop of Caunturbury.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 25 All this tyme settis na man his heid out of the hous.
a1610 J. Healey tr. Epictetus Manuall (1636) 25 Is the dish set from thee? stay it not.
1667 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 335 For setting the watter away from the church style, 2d.
1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 180 Now they..befooled themselves for setting a Foot out of doors in that Path.
f. to set on the sea, water, afloat, etc.: to launch.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)]
launch?a1400
puta1450
shoot1487
lance?1518
to set on the sea, water, afloat1559
to set afloat1785
float1885
1559 [see to set afloat (†on float) 1 at Phrasal verbs 2].
1568 C. Watson tr. Polybius Hystories f. 48 They were vndockte, and sette on the water.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. viii. 112 The first Shippe that euer was set a flote, was vppon the red Sea.
a1800 Fair Janet i, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1885) II. iii. 105 Ye'll build to me a bonnie ship, And set her on the sea.
g. To lay (siege) before a place. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)] > lay (siege)
set1474
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vi. 130 A prynce that setteth a siege to fore a castell.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 711/2 Whan the kynges good grace dyd set his siege byfore Tournaye.
h. To put (pen) to paper (†book).
ΚΠ
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection Pref. sig. Aii As I had set the penne to the boke.
?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. Fivv I wolde..that they wolde set the penne to the paper.
1579 E. Hake Newes out of Powles Churchyarde newly Renued Ep. Ded. sig. A2 v And so shall I..set my Pen to Booke againe.
1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus sig. Z Setting pen to paper.
1621 T. W. in tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard To Rdr. sig A4v My fingers did euen itch to set pen to paper.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 62. ¶7 I am apt to think that Euclid is the greatest Wit that ever set Pen to Paper.
1895 C. Kernahan God & Ant Apol. The worst of all reasons which inexperienced writers put forward for setting pen to paper.
19.
a. To place (a part of the body) upon a surface or an object.
ΚΠ
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. ii. xii. §5 [He] sette his þa swiðran hond him on þæt heafod.
971 Blickl. Hom. 239 He sette his hand ofer hiora heortan.
a1000 Ælfric Genesis xxiv. 2 Sete þine hand under min þeoh.
a1300 K. Horn 758 To lond he him sette & fot on stirop sette.
c1528 Everyman (1961) 778 Now set eche of you on this rodde your honde.
1607 F. Beaumont Woman Hater ii. i. sig. C3 When her husband sets first foot in the bedde.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables xxx. 29 A Child of the Family happen'd to set his Foot upon't [sc. a snake].
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas I. ii. iii. 114 Fabricius,..set his hands in his sides.
1870 D. G. Rossetti Dante at Verona xxxii At such times, Dante, thou hast set Thy forehead to the painted pane Full oft.
a1908 F. Thompson Poppy i Summer set lip to earth's bosom bare.
b. to set (one's) hand(s on: to lay hands upon, seize; esp. to lay violent hands upon, attack. Also to set one's hand against, to oppose. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold [verb (transitive)] > lay hold of or grasp
i-fangc888
gripc950
repeOE
befongOE
keepc1000
latchc1000
hentOE
begripec1175
becatchc1200
fang?c1200
i-gripea1225
warpa1225
fastenc1225
arepa1250
to set (one's) hand(s onc1290
kip1297
cleach?a1300
hendc1300
fasta1325
reachc1330
seizec1374
beclipc1380
takea1387
span1398
to seize on or upon1399
getc1440
handc1460
to catch hold1520
to take hold1530
to lay hold (up)on, of1535
grasple1553
to have by the backa1555
handfast1562
apprehend1572
grapple1582
to clap hold of1583
comprehend1584
graspa1586
attach1590
gripple1591
engrasp1593
clum1594
to seize of1600
begriple1607
fast hold1611
impalm1611
fista1616
to set (one's) hand to1638
to get one's hands on1649
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)]
withgo743
to go again ——OE
withsayc1175
again-goc1275
withsitc1300
thwarta1325
to go against ——a1382
counter1382
repugnc1384
adversea1393
craba1400
gainsaya1400
movec1400
overthwart?a1425
to put (also set) one's face againsta1425
traversea1425
contrairc1425
to take again ——c1425
contraryc1430
to take against ——a1450
opposec1485
again-seta1500
gain?a1500
oppone1500
transverse1532
to come up against1535
heave at1546
to be against1549
encounter1549
to set shoulder against1551
to fly in the face of1553
crossc1555
to cross with1590
countermand1592
forstand1599
opposit1600
thorter1608
obviate1609
disputea1616
obstrigillate1623
contradict1632
avert1635
to set one's hand against1635
top1641
militate1642
to come across ——1653
contrariate1656
to cross upon (or on)1661
shock1667
clash1685
rencounter1689
obtend1697
counteract1708
oppugnate1749
retroact?1761
controvert1782
react1795
to set against ——1859
appose-
c1290 Beket 931 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 133 Ȝif ani man hond on ov set.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 5815 Hir hondes sche sett on hir here & hir fair tresses al totere.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2290 Macaigne arose..And set hond fast on Beryns othir scleve.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) iii. 79 Aymon..began to sette sore hande vpon theym.
1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) iii. 37 Our Princes and Bishops set their hand against Image-worship.
1646 F. Hawkins tr. Youths Behaviour (ed. 4) 50 Without setting hand on any thing before him.
c. to set (one's) hand to: to lay hold of, take into one's hand; figurative to set about, engage upon (†formerly const. infinitive). to set one's hand to the door: see door n. 5a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)]
underfoc893
fandOE
onfangOE
undernimc1000
takec1175
to take tillc1175
to take toa1250
underfongc1330
undertakea1340
to take in (also on) handa1350
undertakec1385
attamec1386
to take in (also on) handc1390
embrace1393
emprisec1410
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to go upon ——c1450
enterprise?1473
to set (one's) hand to1477
go?a1500
accept1524
assume1530
to hent in (also upon) handc1540
to swallow up1544
to take to task1546
to go into ——?1548
to set in hand1548
to fare about1563
entertain1569
undergo1606
to set about ——1611
to take up1660
to come at ——1901
the world > physical sensation > touch and feeling > touching > touching with the hand > touch or feel with the hand [verb (transitive)]
repeOE
warpa1225
treatc1384
feela1400
palp1534
palpabrize1593
fista1616
handa1616
thrumble1632
to set (one's) hand to1638
to feel of ——1678
digitize1689
the world > movement > absence of movement > hold or holding > hold [verb (transitive)] > lay hold of or grasp
i-fangc888
gripc950
repeOE
befongOE
keepc1000
latchc1000
hentOE
begripec1175
becatchc1200
fang?c1200
i-gripea1225
warpa1225
fastenc1225
arepa1250
to set (one's) hand(s onc1290
kip1297
cleach?a1300
hendc1300
fasta1325
reachc1330
seizec1374
beclipc1380
takea1387
span1398
to seize on or upon1399
getc1440
handc1460
to catch hold1520
to take hold1530
to lay hold (up)on, of1535
grasple1553
to have by the backa1555
handfast1562
apprehend1572
grapple1582
to clap hold of1583
comprehend1584
graspa1586
attach1590
gripple1591
engrasp1593
clum1594
to seize of1600
begriple1607
fast hold1611
impalm1611
fista1616
to set (one's) hand to1638
to get one's hands on1649
1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 81 Argos sette hand vnto the werk.
1542 N. Udall in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 2 Of your aboundaunt pitie to sette your helpyng hand to the bestowyng of me to suche condition.
?1562 Thersytes sig. A.iv They wyll not ones set hande to fight with me.
1638 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 144 If you appoint him to set hand to his Penne.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre i. ix. 13 God set his hand to this warre.
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura sig. b6v Painters encouraged to set their hands to the Graver.
1788 Trifler No. 4. 47 I..resolved to set hand to work.
1865 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta in Calydon 1972 She set her hand to the wood, She took the fire in her hand.
1889 F. Barrett Under Strange Mask I. iii. 46 He set his hand to this good work.
d. To take (a step). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk upon or tread [verb (transitive)] > take (a step)
set1609
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. ii. 154 Can it be, That so degenerate a straine as this, Should once set footing in your generous bosomes? View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. ii. 87 Seeke not a Scorpions Nest, Nor set no footing on this vnkinde Shore. View more context for this quotation
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 219 The first step that I set within those holy gates.
1642 Remonst. conc. Ch. & Kingd. Irel. 7 They will, with the assistance of Spaine and France, set footing in England.
1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 212 He was not able to set a step.
1780 A. Young Tour Ireland (Dublin ed.) I. 241 Every step the horse set.
20.
a. To plant or deal (a blow); with dative of the person or upon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > deal or give (a stroke or blow)
setc1300
smitec1300
layc1330
drivec1380
slentc1380
hit?a1400
to lay ona1400
reacha1400
fetchc1400
depart1477
warpc1480
throw1488
lenda1500
serve1561
wherret1599
senda1627
lunge1735
to lay in1809
wreak1817
to get in1834
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2405 He robert sette Biforn þe teth a dint ful strong.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 1382 So wele his strok he sett Þat his heued fram þe bodi flei.
c1400 Arth. & Merl. 2422 And when they were together mett, There were strokes sadlye set.
a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1498 They settyd strokes of mode.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 3175 Nor he so hard his strok apone hyme set.
b. transferred. To strike (a person). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > specific animate object
drepeOE
smitec1200
buffet?c1225
strike1377
rapa1400
seta1400
frontc1400
ballc1450
throw1488
to bear (a person) a blow1530
fetch1556
douse1559
knetcha1564
slat1577
to hit any one a blow1597
wherret1599
alapate1609
shock1614
baske1642
measure1652
plump1785
jow1802
nobble1841
scuff1841
clump1864
bust1873
plonk1874
to sock it to1877
dot1881
biff1888
dong1889
slosh1890
to soak it to1892
to cop (a person) one1898
poke1906
to hang one on1908
bop1931
clonk1949
a1400 K. Horn (Harl.) 714 Wel sone bote þou flette myd suert yshal þe sette.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn Prol. l. 577 [He] set hym with þe ladill on the grustill on þe nose.
c. To direct, aim (transitive and intransitive). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > direct [verb (transitive)] > aim at > aim (a blow, weapon, etc.)
reachOE
seta1300
shapec1400
ettlec1450
charge1509
bend1530
level1530
aimc1565
butt1594
levy1618
to give level to1669
wise1721
intenda1734
train1795
sight1901
to zero in1944
a1300 K. Horn 1201 To herte knif heo sette.
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 145v Theseus was the firste..that sette and cowched his speer ayenst hym.
16.. Sir Andrew Barton xxxi A noble gunner..That can sett well with his eye.
d. To apply (a weapon, etc.) to.to set spurs to: see spur n.1 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or control > [verb (transitive)] > apply an implement to
seta1425
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Luke iii. 9 An axe is sett to the roote of the tree.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 ii. ii. 165 We set the axe to thy vsurping root.
21.
a. (Originally †to set on write.) To put down in writing; to put on paper; †occasionally to depict. Now to set down at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > set down in writing
adighteOE
to set on writea900
dightc1000
writeOE
brevea1225
layc1330
indite1340
take1418
annote1449
printa1450
scribe1465
redact?a1475
reduce1485
letter1504
recite1523
to commit to writing (also paper)1529
pen1530
reduce?1533
token up1535
scripture1540
titulea1550
to set down1562
quote1573
to put down1574
paper1594
to write down1594
apprehend1611
fix1630
exarate1656
depose1668
put1910
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > represent in art [verb (transitive)]
workOE
shapea1375
express1382
marka1393
resemblea1393
portraya1398
devisea1400
makea1400
represent?a1425
counterfeitc1440
to set on write1486
porturea1500
emporturea1529
story1532
portrait1548
show1565
decipher1567
portraiture1581
to set forth1585
emblazea1592
stell1598
defigure1599
infigure1606
effigiate1608
deportract1611
deportray1611
rendera1616
image1624
configure1630
exiconize1641
effigies1652
to take off1680
mimic1770
paraphrase1961
a900 Laws Ælfred i. xlix. (Liebermann) 46 Ic ne dorste geðristlæcan þara minra awuht fela on gewrit settan.
OE Cynewulf Elene 654 Ond þa wintergerim on gewritu setton.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 75 Þet rihte ileue setten þe twelue apostles on write.
1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. b iv Ye token of a beest..set with in the cootarmure.1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 20 To hym the lessons and reuelacyons were taken, that he shulde se that they were sett in trew and conuenyente termes, wythout erroure or darkenes.1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. i. Metres sig. Eijv I..haue soo often as any greke word was to be englished, set ouer him..græca uox.1613 J. Tapp Path-way to Knowl. 38 Therefore I take but 8, which I set in the quotient.1621 in A. J. Kempe Losely MSS (1836) 460 Theyr armes in ye window, genealogically sett.1686 W. Hopkins Hist. Diss. iii. p. xxxviii, in tr. Ratramnus Bk. of Bertram conc. Body & Blood of Lord I conceive it will not be unacceptable to the Reader to see them set in parallel.1810 P. Barlow in Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Mar. 187 Set the inches, parts, &c. as decimals.
b. Geometry, etc. To lay or mark off (a line of a definite length). (Cf. to set off at Phrasal verbs 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > linearize [verb (transitive)] > create
set1617
1617 Speidell Geom. Extract. 21 From the end A, drawe the line AE,..then set the line C, from A, to F.
1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements vi. 117 Set the side BC in a direct line to the side CE.
1725 W. Halfpenny Art of Sound Building 42 Take lm in your Compasses and set it from D to the Dot in the Line DE.
1805 Shipwright's Vade-mecum 171 Next proceed to set aft the distance of dead-flat from the foremost perpendicular.
1830 P. Hedderwick Treat. Marine Archit. 247 On this line set the half-thickness of the stem from the centre-line.
22. To put down in a record, catalogue, etc.; to mention or treat of in a writing or composition; to put down or enter in an account. Now to set down at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > record in writing [verb (transitive)] > enter on record
writeOE
setc1175
embreve?c1225
enrolc1350
enter1389
rollc1400
enact1467
act1475
enchroniclea1513
ascribe1532
re-enter1535
to put down1574
register1597
inscroll1600
emologea1639
spread1823
to book in1860
to sign on1879
log1889
sign1894
to sign out1916
to sign in1924
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3282 He badd settenn upp o writt All mann kinn.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 35 Of leuedis loue, þat y ha let,..Ofte in song y haue hem set.
c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 209 Why sholde men elles in hir bookes sette That a man shal yelde to his wyf hyr dette?
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 12 Whan Crist him self hath bode pes And set it in his testament.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. vii. 182 Wherfore he setted not the versis of homere in his book.
1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. i. sig. Diij Sette in a byll, what thy chyldes parte commeth to.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 152 All his faults obseru'd, Set in a Note-booke. View more context for this quotation
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 105 I know it was set in the Ship's Log Book by Order.
23. To put (one's signature), affix (a seal) to (†on) a document. (Cf. to set to at Phrasal verbs 2.)
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > signature > sign (a document) [verb (transitive)] > sign one's name
seta1400
to set toa1400
subscribe1415
subscribe1426
subscrive1445
firm1528
sign1599
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 6889 He..wrat þe name and set þe [Vesp. sett to, Fairf. sette on] sele.
1405 Rolls of Parl. III. 605/2 In Witnessing of whilk thyng, to thys presentes we have sette our forsaide Seal.
1524 in J. H. Glover Kingsthorpiana (1883) 66 We have hereunto set the comon seal of Kyngesthorp.
1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Eiv One should make writings and set seales for lycences and pasportes.
1600 Weakest goeth to Wall sig. I3v Here is your hand set to confirme the deed.
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 2029 Hee'l make the landlord set both hand & seale To this new lease.
1629 P. Massinger Roman Actor iv. i. sig. G4 Haue you set your hands To the accusation?
1699 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 369 For setting the greate seale to an arch pyrates being pardon'd.
1736 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 473/1 In witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand and Seal.
1892 Temple Bar Nov. 358 He set his hand to the death-warrant.
figurative.1611 Second Maiden's Trag. (1909) i. ii. 11 Force grace Into that cheeke wher impudence setts her seale.1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 342 Lend Christ your heart: Set him as a seal there.
IV. To place or cause to be in a certain position (other than merely local), condition, relation, or connection.
* Where a person or thing is placed in or brought into a condition.
24.
a. To place in a state or sphere specified by an adverbial expression.Now less frequently than place or put.
ΚΠ
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10728 Ȝho doþ þe to settenn þe Bineþenn þine lahȝhre.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 1758 Ȝef ȝe beoð mine, as under me isette.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23552 If it sett þam into will to mak anoiþer erth or heuen.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vi. 48 Þat he worth worthier sette and with more blisse.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11408 Quen ani deid o þat dozein, His sun for him was sett again.
c1400 Rom. Rose 4957 Celde gan..sette men by her ordinaunce In good Reule and in gouernaunce.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 714/2 And I be set ones in auctorite.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 223 Hit wold sothely me set as souerayne in Joye.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1728 Þat ben set vnder seruage.
1566 T. Drant Wailyngs Hieremiah in tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Kviij v Preists haue set God, in this chafinge moode.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 159 Quhen Sathan was lousit out of hell, And had set man in my place.
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 7 This holy calling, wherein yee are set.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. ix. §1. 253 Everything remains in the course and order wherein it was set at the Creation.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 255. ¶4 Providence for the most part sets us upon a Level.
1831 W. Scott Castle Dangerous iii, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. IV. 107 My age sets me beyond your cruelty.
1846 R. C. Trench Christ Desire of All Nations viii. 153 He must be set in those conditions, in which to abide by the good shall bring upon him every outward calamity.
1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. vi. 101 It had to be set under a keeper, to insure better behaviour.
b. With adverb complement or phr. expressing removal from a condition or position. Obsolete.Now commonly expressed by put.
ΚΠ
c1050 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. C) ann. 1043 & raðe þæs man sette Stigant of his bisceoprice.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 1 This vice, which so out of rule Hath sette ous alle.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 8639 Þe dede childe for-soth es þin, þat þi-selue of lijf has sett [Fairf. atte þou fra life to dede has sette].
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccccv. 285 b His mynde was so sore therof, that no man coude set hym therfro.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 715/1 I feare me he hath set my fote out of joynte.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 715/2 Who hath set my bookes out of order on this facyon?
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Matt. in Paraphr. New Test. ii. f. 25 Least he should be set beside the kingdome whiche he..held.
1559 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1725) I. App. x. 31 Note th' end of these men's doctryns, that is to sett us withowt God.
1593 E. Spenser Elegie in Phœnix Nest 6 Perhaps this may a suter be, To set Mars by his deitie.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. i. 88 This present enterprise set of his head. View more context for this quotation
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xxxi. 105 It was a far easier labor to depose them of Rome then to set them beside their Empire.
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §54. 54 This..spoils his Mind, and sets that farther out of order.
1756 in Coltness Coll. (Maitland Club) 209 They wanted to have a haggas, but John said we must set our hearts bye that.
25.
a. In a large number of phraseological expressions (often equivalent to a single verb), in which set acquires the sense of: To cause to be or become (so-and-so). Cf. put v. 17, 31. to set at ease, at rest, to rest, †in or at peace; †to set at debate, †to set at difference, †to set at a jar, †to set at jars, to set at odds, to set at one, to set at variance, †to set at square, to set at war, to set by the ears, †to set in sunder; to set agog, †to set at gaze, to set astray; to set aglow, to set afire, to set on fire (see fire n. and int. Phrases 2j(b)), to set aflame, to set in flame(s, etc.; to set in array, to set in order, to set in readiness, to set to rights; to set †in effray, †to set on fear; to set at large, to set at leisure, to set at liberty; to set on edge; to set in or on a roar; to set in action, to set in motion, to set in operation; to set at bay, to set at fault, †to set in press, †to set in stay; to set at contempt, to set at defiance; etc.: see also the nouns and adverbs. Also, to set afoot or on foot (see afoot adv. 3, foot n. and int. Phrases 3a(c)).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to be or become
seta1000
workOE
makeOE
puta1382
turna1393
yieldc1430
breedc1460
rendera1522
devolve1533
cause1576
infer1667
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > apart or asunder [phrase]
in ( on) twoc890
from sunderOE
to set in sunderc1325
in twinnyc1380
in (on) twain1398
in (into) twaya1400
on twina1400
on part1485
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or breaking up into constituent parts > into (small) pieces [phrase]
in (also into, on, a) piecesa1275
(all) to shiversc1275
to piecesc1300
asundera1325
to set in sunderc1325
in sunderc1390
in, into shredsc1400
in small1419
in piecemeal?a1425
in piecemealsa1470
by piecemeals1576
in shivers1589
in or into splinters1612
society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contending [phrase]
to set at war1487
at (the) batea1500
in wars?1573
at wars1614
upon a tug1681
society > armed hostility > war > [adverb] > at war
in war1377
to set at war1487
at wars1565
in wars?1573
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)]
yarec888
yarkc1000
graithc1175
readya1225
biredienc1275
to make yarec1290
forgraitha1300
adightc1330
buskc1330
purveyc1330
agraith1340
disposec1375
before-graithea1382
to forge and filec1381
to make readya1382
devisec1385
bounc1390
buss?a1400
address?a1425
parel?a1425
to get upc1425
providec1425
prepare1449
bakec1450
aready1470
arm?a1505
prevenea1522
get?1530
to get ready1530
to get ready1530
to set in readiness1575
apply1577
compose1612
predy1627
make1637
to dispose of1655
do1660
fallowa1764
to line up1934
prep1936
tee1938
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)]
beginc1175
baptizec1384
to set a (on) broachc1440
open1471
to set abroachc1475
entame1477
to set afloat1559
initiate1604
first1607
principiate1613
to set afoot or on foot1615
unclap1621
inchoatea1631
flush1633
to set on1638
principatec1650
rudiment1654
auspicate1660
embryonate1666
to strike up1711
start1723
institutea1797
float1833
spark1912
the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > put in order or set to rights
rightOE
to set to rights1668
sort1827
to set on or upon the square1846
OE Genesis 2729 Ne þearf ðe on edwit Abraham settan.
a1000 Solomon & Saturn 344 Hine god seteð ðurh geearnunga endgum to ræste.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7805 Þe grete cite of medes suþþe afure [?a1425 B in a feer; c1450 B on a fere] he sette.
c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 2188 Sette thyn herte best at ese.
1473 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 472 I trust to God thatt the ij Dukes off Clarans and Glowcester shall be sette att on.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 427 The Yngli rout in gret effray War set, for douglass suddandly.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 257 Settand in pess all the cuntre.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxv. iii Whan that God set them [the planettes] in operacyon.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. iv. 142 That on this wise had Cacus set in pres [L. telis premit].
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 715/2 Set your herte at rest.
c1530 Crt. of Love (MS.) 418 And lovers true to setten at debate.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 35 He set that Countrie in good rest and peace.
1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. iv. i. sig. Hiiiv I haue..set al thinges in redynesse for my Sonnes departure.
1578 M. T. in R. Edwards Paradyse Daynty Deuises (new ed.) sig. Ciiii The stately Stagge..by yalping hounds at bay is set.
1615 R. Cocks Diary 30 July (1883) I. 28 An other matter is now set on foote, which I never did heare of till this instant.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iii. 10 Imprisoned angells Set at libertie. View more context for this quotation
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 48 An vnresolued man..is distracted here, set on feare there.
1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 160 Pride..setteth contentions a foot at the first, and afterwards keepeth them afoot.
1668 S. Pepys Diary 8 Nov. (1976) IX. 354 At my chamber all the morning, setting papers to rights.
1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero De Finibus i. 6 The same Suggestions that Epicurus and their Predecessors had set a foot formerly.
1736 T. Lediard Life Marlborough III. 364 A Treaty of Peace was again set on foot.
1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. I. v. 111 The Athenians..sat many of their ships on fire.
1780 W. Coxe Acct. Russ. Discov. 199 A treaty being set afoot between the two courts of Moscow and Pekin.
1805–6 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Inferno xxviii. 132 Father and son I set at mutual war.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. x. 160 Which set my lungs as well as appetite in motion.
1823 Examiner 789/1 Preparations were set on foot.
1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. ix. 263 He..has in a right godly manner tried to set afoot a treaty of peace with my own father.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. vi. ii. 376 They have quite another feat to do: a paralytic National Executive to set in action.
1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 284 A peculiarity which had set at fault..the modern ship-carpenter.
1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxiii. 305 At last she was set once more adrift in the world.
1870 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Gleanings 2nd Ser. 220 He had set on footanother Liberal association.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxxi. 316 His followers set themselves in battle array.
1890 Sunday Mag. Aug. 531/2 Enquiries were at once set on foot.
1895 Cornhill Mag. Mar. 298 That day's incident set the whole neighbourhood agog.
b. With adjective complement; chiefly to set free, loose, right: see also the adjectives.
ΚΠ
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/2 As for your costes, take no thought for, I wyll set you fre.
1569 W. Wager Longer thou Liuest sig. F.iiv Let me helpe you to set your gowne right.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iii. iii. 30 I cannot thinke, but in the end, the Villanies of man will set him cleere. View more context for this quotation
a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) xvi. 8 She is a bad and unloving wife,..who sets him short, and cares not to fit him with pleasing food.
1695 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. (new ed.) §89. 140 His Practice must by no means cross his Precepts, unless he intend to set him wrong.
1780 Mirror No. 92 Who make people laugh, or set them asleep.
1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 19 An immense quantity of inflammable air set loose.
1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. iii. 32 Orme's Hindostan, the book..which set poor dear Tom wild to go to India.
1855 R. Browning Fra Lippo Lippi in Men & Women I. 37 Let's sit and set things straight now.
1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. 155 The death of the old king set them free from their last scruple.
26.
a. To place (a person) in a certain sphere of activity or occupation; esp. to set to lore (also to book, to school); also, to place with an instructor or employer. Obsolete. (Cf. sense 114.)
ΘΚΠ
society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education > send to school
to set to lore (also to book, to school)a1225
to put to schoola1300
to send to school, college1531
school1577
society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] > teach superior
to set to lore (also to book, to school)1548
dry-nurse1858
a1225 Leg. Kath. 115 Hire feder hefde iset hire earliche to lare.
c1290 Beket 210 in S. Eng. Leg. 112 Þis child was ȝong to schole i-set.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 9 Childer, þat ben to boke ysett.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 454 We ben lered..lore of no scole, Ne to no sience i-set vs silue to wisse.
1486–93 Early Chanc. Proc. 94/14 (P.R.O.) Your said oratour (when newly set to Courte in Davys Inne).
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. iv. sig. b.iii He set her for doctryne, to the abbesse saynt Hylde.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 29 Settyng themsefe in relygyouse housys ther quyetly to serve god.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xlixv The sayde Barlo set me with a merchaunt of Middelboroughe too seruyce.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 104 Set him betimes to School. View more context for this quotation
b. to set above (also aloft, high, on high): to exalt. to set nether: to bring low. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise
heave971
hevenOE
onheaveOE
rearOE
highOE
arearc1175
to set above (also aloft, high, on high)c1275
upbraidc1275
to set upc1290
lifta1300
upheavea1300
upraisea1300
upreara1300
enhancec1300
araise1303
hance1303
uplifta1340
lift1362
raisec1384
upbear1390
uphancec1390
advancea1393
haut?a1400
to put upa1400
verec1400
hainc1440
inhigh1483
elevate1497
uphigh1513
alifta1522
height1530
heighten1530
exalt1535
extol1549
sublevate1559
rouse?1567
attol1578
elate1578
vaunce1582
dight1590
higher1592
tower1596
to fetch up1612
relevate1620
screwa1625
transcend1635
stilt1649
allevate1696
stiltify1860
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lay or put down
to lay downc1275
to set netherc1275
to put downa1382
submit1543
down1595
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2020 Feowere here weren riche þe haueden ferden muchele. þeo nedden al þæ oðere & heom neððer sætten.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 7 Tho was the vertu sett above And vice was put under fote.
c1430 Hymns Virgin 37 Wrong is an hiȝ seete þere riȝt schulde be.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 58 Feyll sys or than he had beyne set abuff.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxxiii. xxv Verite on the first fane Did sette aloft of falshoed the hede.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 711/1 I set a lofte, as a man is whan one dothe promote him.
c1591 J. Norden Progr. Pietie (1847) 28 That God that can give and take away, set aloft and pull down.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 244 Fortune..hath set no man so high, but she threatneth to take from him as much.
c1675 E. Waller Epit. Col. Cavendish 25 Equal success had set these champions high.
c. To put (singers) at the proper pitch. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > set pitch [verb (transitive)]
set1506
pitch1671
1506 in Legg Clerk's bk. (1903) 76 The said clarkis..whanne ony seruyce shalbe don by note shall sett the quyer not after his owne brest.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 714/1 Can you nat set these syngyng men in tune yet?
d. Originally to set upon the muzzle: To muzzle (a horse) so as to prevent him feeding improperly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [verb (transitive)] > muzzle
muzzlec1470
to set upon the muzzle1834
bemuzzle1857
1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 115 My training groom had his orders and yet I was afraid Idris would not be set upon muzzle, and so get improperly filled.
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports ii. i. vi. §7 Some [horses] requiring to be set over night after having eaten their hay.
1857 ‘The Druid’ Post & Paddock (rev. ed.) viii. 136 They set them [sc. the horses] very sharp.
27. To place (a person or thing) in one's possession or control, or in a condition to be used, dealt with, or occupied. to set in hand: (a) to place in (a person's) possession or control; (b) to take in hand, undertake; also intransitive with with, in the same sense; (c) to put out to be done. to set to (for, on) sale, a-sale: see sale n.2 2a, 1cto set at pawn, to pledge, to wed: to pledge, pawn.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)]
to sell awayc1230
to set to (for, on) sale, a-salec1275
sella1330
to make sale (of)c1430
market1455
to make penny of1464
vent1478
to put away1574
dispatch1592
money1598
vent1602
to put off1631
vend1651
hawk1713
realize1720
mackle1724
neat1747
to sell over1837
unload1884
flog1919
move1938
shift1976
the mind > possession > have or possess [verb (transitive)] > possess and control > place in one's possession or control
setc1275
the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > cause to be possessed
to set in handc1275
givea1300
fasten1527
lodge1670
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > use or make use of [verb (transitive)] > place in condition for use
setc1275
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or set oneself to do [verb (intransitive)]
found12..
to take on (also upon) one(self)a1300
assay1330
study1340
to put (also lay, set, etc.) one's hand to the ploughc1384
intendc1385
pressc1390
to put oneself in pressc1390
gatherc1400
undertakec1405
sayc1425
to fall in hand with (also to do (something))c1450
setc1485
obligea1500
essay?1515
attend1523
supprise1532
to set in foot1542
enterprise1547
address1548
to set in hand1548
prove1612
to make it one's businessa1628
engage1646
embark1647
bend1694
to take hold1868
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)]
underfoc893
fandOE
onfangOE
undernimc1000
takec1175
to take tillc1175
to take toa1250
underfongc1330
undertakea1340
to take in (also on) handa1350
undertakec1385
attamec1386
to take in (also on) handc1390
embrace1393
emprisec1410
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to go upon ——c1450
enterprise?1473
to set (one's) hand to1477
go?a1500
accept1524
assume1530
to hent in (also upon) handc1540
to swallow up1544
to take to task1546
to go into ——?1548
to set in hand1548
to fare about1563
entertain1569
undergo1606
to set about ——1611
to take up1660
to come at ——1901
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > put out to be done
to set in hand1601
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12562 Mi lond ich wulle sette to wedde for seoluere.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6161 Cheorles..hefden al þis kine-lond iset [c1300 Otho hii-sette] a cheorlene hond.
c1420 Sir Amadace (Camden) xxxiii That he had sette, and layd to wedde.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. x. 10 For whi this man hath also his soule set to sale.
c1500 Robin Hood liv My londes beth sette to wedde..To a ryche abbot.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras v. 3 Let vs set our londes..to pledge.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John vii. 6–10 He left them and set in hand to preache.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John x. 19–24 New matter to set in hand and dispute wt him again.
1553 J. Bale tr. S. Gardiner De Vera Obedientia G ij He setteth them asale..in an open place.
1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 455 The first that set physicke a sale.
1601 R. Hakluyt tr. A. Galvano Discov. World 77 He set in hand sending foorth two ships.
1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 349 Neither done, nor set in hand withall.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 28. §7 A man who has..set his country to sale.
1812 G. Crabbe Tales xix. 351 Concerns it you what books I set for sale?
1864 Builder 16 Apr. 281/3 The proposed restoration of St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield, is to be set in hand forthwith.
28.
a. To cause (a thing) to assume a certain physical position expressed by an adjective complement or adverbial phrase; chiefly to set open (wide), set on end, set upright (see also these words).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > cause to have specific position or arrangement [verb (transitive)]
seta1400
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > make vertical [verb (transitive)] > make upright or erect > a structure
areara800
to set upa1225
to bring up1297
biga1400
seta1400
erect1417
hainc1440
rect?a1475
to fix up1569
uptower1848
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 25049 Quen it [sc. the cross] es sett on end vp euen, It takens pes tuix erth and heuen.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3804 He it sett vp right.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2142 Werpis þam vp..& wyde open settis.
1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Te Deum Thou heavens kingdom didst set ope.
1615 J. Murrell New Bk. Cookerie 32 To make Pancakes so crispe that you may set them vpright.
1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) To set taught the Shrouds, in the Navigators Dialect, is to make them stiffer when they are too slack.
c1720 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture III. xxi. 35 Seeing that the..legions were so close and crowded.., he commanded them to set themselves more at large.
1724 E. Calamy Mem. Life J. Howe 11 Setting the Top on the piqued end downwards.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1775 I. 507 [Johnson:] The plate..is..then set sloping to drop the superfluous mercury.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. iv. viii. 259 With door set ajar.
1896 Pall Mall Mag. May 7 An ill-tempered frown, that set her beauty askew.
b. To cause to take a certain shape (defined by an adjective or adverbial phrase).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] > put into a certain shape
form1297
figurec1430
shape1457
cast1512
fashion1526
mould1667
set1678
modela1704
throw1804
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. i. 12 Turn the other side of your work, and with your Hammer set it flat and straight.
1842 Penny Cycl. XXIII. 432/2 The sword is then set to the required shape by placing it on a sort of fork upon the anvil, and wrenching it by means of tongs.
c. To set to the wind: (a) passive of a weathervane, to turn to the wind; (b) transitive in leather-manufacture (see quot. 1885).
ΚΠ
1881 L. Linton My Love III. i. 18 The vane of the pretty widow's humour was set to another wind.
1885 A. Watt Leather Manuf. xxviii. 354 The finishing, which is called by the trade ‘setting out’, or setting to the wind. Place the shaved calf skins in a tub with weak liquor or water for at least twenty-four hours; then they are taken out and laid with their sides turned in, rolled up, or set to the wind in a cask, in a circle around it, and in the middle.
29. To place (a person, his body or limbs) in a certain posture. Also reflexive. to set on one's feet, legs: see foot n. and int. Phrases 2, leg n. Phrases 1b(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > place into or assume a posture [verb (transitive)]
setc1460
compose1606
posture1656
posturize1715
pose1826
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1838 The hoost..Set his hond in kenebowe.
?1566 J. Phillip Commodye Pacient & Meeke Grissill sig. B.iv I was set on my legges and reyzed vpright.
1662 Bp. E. Hopkins Funeral Serm. (1663) 27 What are they..but..Nothings set a strutt?
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 200 Standing still, and setting itself on its hinder leggs.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 116. ⁋10 When a man can set his hands to his sides, and say he is worth forty thousand pounds every day of the year.
1835 H. Harewood Dict. Sports at Cock-fighting When brought beak to beak, and set on their legs.
1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott I. ii. 82 Unless the old man would set him astride on his shoulder.
1859 Habits Good Society vii. 250 In standing, the legs ought to be straight, or one of them bent a little, but not set wide apart.
** Where something is assigned, applied, allotted, apportioned, etc.
30. To give, bestow, assign (a name). Const. dative or equivalent with to, upon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > give (a name)
setc1000
shapeOE
to lay onc1450
imposec1500
clap1609
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 12 God him sette naman Adam.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 722 Whatt name he shollde settenn. Vpp o þatt illke child.
a1635 R. Sibbes Heavenly Conf. (1656) 79 God setteth a stile upon us suitable to the excellency of our spirituall being.
31. To apply or allot (money) to, spend (a sum) on a certain object; to expend, invest. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)] > spend (money) on
set1154
to splash (money) out on1973
society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > keep accounts [verb (transitive)] > enter in an account
set1154
brevea1377
scorec1386
post1622
to give credit1725
journalize1766
to enter up1835
statement1984
1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1137 [He] wrohte on þe circe & sette þar to landes & rentes.
1455 [see β. forms].
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2244 Wele settith he his peny, þat þe pound [therby] savith.
1475 Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 81 Late it be set in money to the remedie and socoure of this gret importunyte and necessite.
1485 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 7 All somes of money sett upon hym for the same [office].
1507 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 334 To the King himself, quhilk was set on the syment riall,..xx Franch crounis.
32. To apply (a remedy) to; to bestow (pains).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > apply (a remedy) to
seta1400
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > take care about [verb (transitive)] > take pains with > bestow (pains)
seta1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 89 To sette traueil On thyng þat may not auail.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 4722 Bot ȝe sette bote our life ys gane.
c1440 York Myst. v. 19 My trauayle were wele sette Myght y hym so betraye.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) 277 To thende that they myght sette remedye for theyr affayres.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 100 And he mycht set no help thar-till.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin vii. 114 That alle shull be distroied but god sette remedye.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 394 To sett ane remedy thairto.
33. To add (one thing) to another. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1055 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 303 Nim þæt an, & sete onforeweardum þam concurrentium.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 19 We wrecche sunfulle..setteð deihwamliche sunne uppon sunne.
c1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B) 23 Grett saumpel he settis þer-to, whi hit is ful ille to do.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 55 That to Holi Writt men schulde not sett eny exposiciouns, declaracions, or glosis.
1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 505/2 If any manne any thing set to these thynges.
1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. i. Metres sig. Eiijv They..sette a syllable or mo to the nexte verse folowynge.
34. to set (a) fire in, †on, †upon, †of, now only to: to kindle, ignite. (Cf. sense 25.) Also U.S. to set a fire (without prepositional complement): to kindle or start a fire.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)] > inflame (with) passion
annealeOE
ontendeOE
anheatOE
atend1006
tindc1175
firec1225
heat?c1225
inlowa1300
inflamea1340
eschaufec1374
flamec1380
kindlec1390
chafe1393
achafea1400
to set a firec1400
lighta1413
incense1435
scaldc1480
embrase1483
incend?1504
to set on fire?1526
enkindle1561
enfire1596
flush1633
boil1649
calenturea1657
infirea1661
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > kindle or set alight
annealeOE
ontendeOE
atend1006
alightOE
kindlec1175
tindc1175
lightc1225
lightenc1384
quickc1390
firea1393
to set (a) fire in, on, upon, of, now only toc1400
quickenc1425
accenda1475
enlumine1477
to light upa1500
to shoot (something) on firec1540
to give fire1562
incend1598
entine1612
betine1659
emblaze1743
to touch off1759
ignite1823
c1400 Laud Troy Book 5879 Thei sette ffir In schip.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. xxii. 7 The kynge..destroyed those murtherers & set fyre vpon their Citie.
1568 R. Grafton Chron. II. 107 b Thei set fire in their lodgynges, and departed in good ordre of battail.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias 120 Our men..did set fire to all the Townes yt were in the Ilande.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. True Hist. Siege Ostend 45 A firie Bullet..set fire of a barrell of Poulder.
1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 50 All arose and..set fire on the Carts, and Tents.
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 549 Who shall invade their countrey, and set a fire on their chiefe city.
1657 T. Jordan Walks Islington & Hogsdon iv. ii. sig. F4 I will even make bold to set fire of your Bush [tavern], then throw your water and spare not.
1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. 786 They set Fire on the Suburbs.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. vii. 121 By setting fire on your House.
1885 Manch. Examiner 8 July 5/2 These set fire by rockets to the straw barracks.
1906 N.Y. Evening Post 15 Nov. 3 Two fires in tenement house letter boxes were set to-day at an early hour.
1907 E. Glyn Three Weeks vi. 93 As a child..who sets a light to a whole box of matches in play.
1976 Washington Post 19 Apr. b1/7 The school had been broken into and the fire had been set.
35. To stake the welfare or existence of (something) upon; also passive to be dependent for its destiny upon. to set on (at) cinque and sice, to set on six and seven: see cinque n. 3, six adj. and n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on
to stand in ——OE
to lie inc1374
to stand upon ——a1393
to turn on ——a1413
to stand by ——a1450
lie1590
set1597
suspend1638
to turn upon ——1652
condition1868
ride1950
the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > chance or risk [verb (transitive)] > venture upon or take the chances of
adventurea1387
set1597
put1612
to risk it1758
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III v. vii. 9 I haue set my life vpon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. i. 74 To set Vpon one Battell all our Liberties. View more context for this quotation
1670 J. Dryden Tyrannick Love v. i. 49 Yet all my Fortune on his death is set.
1832 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War III. 859 When Rochejaquelein.. set life and fortune thus upon the die.
1894 W. J. Dawson Making of Manhood 74 Their life is set upon a rushing whirling star.
36. To put (one thing) in the balance against another; to compare (one thing) by or to another.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > compare [verb (transitive)]
evenOE
comparisonc1374
measurea1382
remenec1390
compare1509
confer?1531
to lay togethera1568
lay1577
paragona1586
paragonize1589
set1589
sympathize1600
confront1604
to name on (also in) the same day1609
collate1612
to lay down by1614
sampler1628
to set together1628
matcha1649
run1650
vie1685
to put together1690
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > balance against or counterbalance
gaina1375
counterpoise1393
peisea1400
weigh1583
set1589
poise1600
to weigh against, again1600
affront1609
balance1624
cancel1633
counterbalance1636
counterpose1636
compensate1656
equilibriatea1657
outset1656
equiponderate1661
equipoise1664
equibalance1665
offset1673
countersway1710
to set off1749
counterweigh1825
equilibrate1829
to set against ——1832
equilibrize1833
a1000 Boeth. Metr. vi. 7 Hiora birhtu ne bið auht to gesettane wið þære sunnan leoht.]
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 196 When a man wil seeme to make things appeare good or bad,..he sets the lesse by the greater, or the greater to the lesse.
1687 Bp. G. Burnet Def. Refl. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 30 Improbabilities ought never to be set against Positive Proofs.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables lxviii. 68 This method of Setting what we Have against What we have Not.
1729 Act 2 Geo. II c. 22 §13 Where there are mutual Debts between the Testator or Intestate, and either Party, one Debt may be set against the other.
1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. ii. 40 Against his professed theory may be set his actual practice.
1890 Illustr. London News 13 Sept. 331/1 Has she no human faults to set against so much sterile virtue?
*** Where something is made to dwell in or rest upon a person or thing.
37.
a. To place (one's hope or trust) in (also †on); to cause (one's thoughts or affections) to dwell upon or to be centred in something. to set one's heart on (also (†in).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)]
to set one's heart on (also (in)c825
littenc1175
leanc1230
fie1340
trusta1382
resta1393
reappose1567
repose1567
lite1570
rely1574
to set (up) one's rest1579
rely1606
to look back1646
recumba1677
to pin one's faith (also hope, etc.) on (also to) a person's sleeve1791
to look to ——1807
bank1884
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] > put trust in
setc825
besetc1175
laya1307
putc1400
repose1538
pin1583
c825 Vesp. Ps. lxxvii. 7 Ðæt hie setten in gode hyht.
971 Blickl. Hom. 227 Up to heofenum..þyder his modgeþanc a geseted wæs.
a1300 E.E. Psalter lxi. 11 Nil þou set on þam þi hert.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 7226 Þai..on þe world þair hertes sett hard.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 392 Many men..more sette here hertis In good þan in god.
c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 854 In vengeance he al his herte sette.
c1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 607 In god we set al our thoght.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. xvii. 62 Kyng Arthur sette his loue gretely vpon her.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. iiiv Whose myndes and studyes he..knewe to be..set in the poletique regiment..of the publique wealthe.
1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 307 To set mynde, upon vice and wickednesse.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 195 His heart is very much set upon the enterprize of Ireland.
1714 J. Addison Lover No. 10. ⁋3 The fragility of china is such as a reasonable being ought by no means to set its heart upon.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 110 He had set his fancy upon..his friend's horses.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xliii. 391 She had set her mind on the Major.
1862 J. Tyndall Mountaineering in 1861 i. 3 We set our thoughts on the sublime and beautiful.
1870 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Gleanings 2nd Ser. 203 He had set his heart on seeing his son a clergyman.
1891 E. Gerard & D. Gerard Sensitive Plant III. iii. xii. 91 Jeannette had set her fancy there.
b. passive and intransitive (said of the affections). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > intense emotion > affect intensely [verb (intransitive)]
settlea1300
sinka1375
soundc1374
sticka1400
to sit at (also close to, near, nigh, next) one's hearta1425
to lie (also come, go) nearc1475
set1607
to go (also come) neara1616
penetratea1616
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > [verb (intransitive)]
hightOE
hope971
tristc1200
dreama1393
set1607
to have one's fingers crossed1895
1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iv. sig. G3 Where the hearts set, there goes the tongues consent.
1831 W. Scott Count Robert x, in Tales of my Landlord 4th Ser. I. 290 Whether she had..felt a partiality towards one whose heart was not particularly set upon gaining hers.
38. To cause (a feeling or state of mind) to arise in a person; to fix in one's mind. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring (a person or thing) into a state or condition
set971
haveOE
wendOE
to bring onc1230
teemc1275
putc1330
run1391
casta1400
laya1400
stead1488
constitute1490
render1490
takea1530
introduce1532
deduce1545
throw?1548
derive?c1550
turn1577
to work up1591
estate1605
arrive1607
state1607
enduea1616
assert1638
sublime1654
to run up1657
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > earnest attention, concentration > fix the attention, concentrate [verb (transitive)] > implant, fix
set971
fixc1430
engrave1509
settle1560
inviscerate1626
arresta1667
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > have an effect on [verb (transitive)] > cause to have effect on
set971
incuss1527
incute1542
infix1542
strike1615
burna1840
971 Blickl. Hom. 125 Uton we symle þæs dæges fyrhto & egsan on ure mod settan.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7185 Iss ned tatt he. dredinng. & aȝhe sette. Onn alle þa [etc.].
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2337 Þe laffdiȝ sannte marȝe..haffde sett inn hire þohht. To libbenn i clænnesse.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 646 Sete, Iesu, swucche sahen i my muð to marhen.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 27 Alle menne sares setteð in oure heorte.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6060 To seitt him soru at his hert.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 24 If ȝe wil not sett to þe hert to ȝef glory to my name.
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. iii. sig. Gijv What care goest thou about to set at thy fathers hart.
39.
a. To rest (one's eye, one's look) upon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > stare or gaze at > fix (eyes) on
setc1330
firm1590
nail1591
stellc1817
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13821 Ilk on oþer auisement sett.
c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 233 Vp on Grisilde..this Markys sette his eye.
c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 1053 At the firste look he on hire sette.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 4423 His syght on þe lyght he settys.
1579 Tale Hemetes the Heremite in A. Fleming tr. Synesius Paradoxe sig. e.ij I cold neuer more set eie vpon her.
a1645 E. Waller To Amoret 5 Joy salutes me when I set My blest Eyes on Amoret.
1765 S. Foote Commissary ii. 29 The first time I set eyes on captain Wilkins..I accost him.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xlvi. 446 He..never has been seen or heard of since, till I set eyes on him just now.
b. to set sight of (in) = to set eyes on, to sight. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > succeed in seeing or catch sight of
underyetec1000
aspya1250
kenc1275
ofyetec1275
choosea1300
akenc1300
descrivec1300
ofkenc1300
readc1300
espyc1320
descryc1330
spyc1380
discernc1405
discover1553
scan1558
scry1558
decern1559
describe1574
to make out1575
escry1581
interview1587
display1590
to set sight of (in)c1595
sight1602
discreevec1650
glance1656
to catch a glimpse of1679
steal1731
oversee1735
glimpse1779
twig1796
to clap eyes on1838
spot1848
sky1900
c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 11 On which daie it pleased God that wee sett sight of a carvell.
1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 4 Nif zo be tha dest bet zet Zeert [= sight] in Harry Vursdon.
40. To put (a mark, impression) upon; to place as a distinguishing mark, token, or imprint. Now rhetorical.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > marking > marking to identify > be distinctive mark on [verb (transitive)] > put (identifying mark) on
setOE
OE Genesis 2371 Abraham..sette friðotacen [viz. circumcision]..on his selfes sunu.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. iv. 15 The Lord sette a signe in Caym [1611 set a marke vpon].
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. 2156 Al paie is good, be so þe prente be set.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. ii. 30 In womens waxen hearts to set their formes. View more context for this quotation
1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 21 The Barghmaster..on the Spindel ought to set a nick, If that the grove unworked be three week.
1653 A. Marvell Let. 28 July in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 304 I shall hope to set nothing upon his Spirit but what may be of a good Sculpture.
41. To lay or spread (a surface of a certain kind) on an object; hence, to put (a favourable or specious appearance) upon a thing.to set a good face upon: see face n. Phrases 8b. to set a gloss upon: see gloss n.2 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > present speciously [verb (transitive)] > improve appearance
paintc1390
set1540
daub1543
plaster1546
varnish1571
to gild over1574
adorn1589
parget1592
glaze1605
apparel1615
pranka1616
lustre1627
candidate1628
varnish1641
lacquer1688
whitewash1703
tinsel1748
duff1750
fineer1765
veneer1847
superficialize1851
gloss1879
window dress1913
beglamour1926
sportswash2012
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. i. sig. Iiij Seinge thou settest as good a face vpon beanes, as if they were blanched almondes.
1573 G. Gascoigne tr. Ariosto Supposes iv. v, in Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 48 Oh, see..What a brasen face he setteth on it?
1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 iv. ii. 6 Iack Cade..meanes to turne this land, and set a new nap on it.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 105 Weele..set a double varnish on the fame The french man gaue you. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. ii. 143 You haue..Set a faire fashion on our entertainment. View more context for this quotation
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. B4v They took him to set a face upon thir own malignant designes.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals ix, in tr. Virgil Wks. 41 Kick'd out, we set the best Face on't we cou'd.
1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 262 I find that I have.., whatever face I set on't, a strong disposition to beleive in miracles.
42. To put (an edge or point) on, to. (Cf. sense 75.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > sharpness of edge or point > sharpen (a thing) [verb (transitive)] > put (an edge or point) on
set1600
1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. F1 What sets an edge on a knife? the grindstone alone? no, the moyst element powr'd vpon it, which grinds out all gaps, sets a poynt vpon it.
1620 Westward for Smelts (1848) 11 This did but set an edge to her wanton appetite.
1647 C. Harvey Schola Cordis xxxix. 3 What I get Serves but to set An edge upon mine appetite.
1891 Cornhill Mag. Dec. 638 I am now setting a very keen edge to my blade.
43.
a. To fix (a certain price) upon a thing; now chiefly in to set a price upon one's head and the like; otherwise expressed by put. (Cf. sense 89.)
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > pricing > attach a price to [verb (transitive)] > set or fix price (of) > set or fix price on
set1530
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 715/2 And you set nat a price upon your marchaundyse, howe can it be bought?
1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 492 Setting great ransom upon their Fisher-men.
1667 A. Marvell Let. 5 Jan. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 50 A Bill has bin read for setting the prices of wine as well upon the Merchant as Retaylor.
1687 Bp. G. Burnet Contin. Refl. Mr. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 35 There is not a word of any sum set on his Head.
1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic II. xi. 184 Sylla set a Price upon the Heads of all that were proscribed.
1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) ii. 305 He knew the premium set upon his head.
1861 Temple Bar 1 521 A price was set upon the head of the Prince.
1880 D. C. Davies Treat. Metallif. Minerals & Mining 420 s.v. To set a price upon a share in a mine.
b. figurative. To put (a certain value) upon, have (a certain estimate) of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > place value on
apprizea1400
counta1400
prize1487
valure1487
reckonc1515
even1571
valuate1588
value1589
rate1599
seta1616
ventilate?c1682
eventilate1706
appreciate1769
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. iv. 48 Since of your liues you set So slight a valewation. View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 160 That I On what I offer set as high esteem. View more context for this quotation
1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) x. 272 After setting a just value upon others, I must next set it on myself.
44. To lay (something burdensome) upon; to impose or inflict (a penalty, tax, etc.) upon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > impose
setc888
layOE
to lay on11..
enjoin?c1225
join1303
adjoina1325
cark1330
taxa1375
puta1382
impose1581
aggravate1583
fasten1585
clap1609
levy1863
octroy1865
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxix. §10 Þæt God nylle..nan unaberendlice broc him an settan.
OE Genesis 1266 Hwonne frea wolde on wærlogan wite settan.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 61 Listeð nu wich þreat dauid setteð uppen us.
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 55 Forto reise þe treuage, þat on þe lond was sette.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 23666 Pine..þat godd has sett vs for vr sin.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6246 þe tax on þaim to sett.
1537 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 47 The seid felaweship..sett vpon euery of the seyd compleynauntes for his contribucion xij d. by the yere.
1552–3 Act 7 Edw. VI c. 12 §10 The somme or sommes upon hym sett to be due.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 115 There being a great penalty set upon any that carry their Armes.
1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 220 This man sets a seisure on Nilamon's lands.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 399 He was to have a proportion of all the fines that should be set upon this evidence.
1761 Chron. in Ann. Reg. June Of which offence he being convicted, the Court set a fine on him.
V. To appoint, institute (a person); to prescribe, ordain, establish (a thing).
45. To post or station (a person) in a certain place to perform certain duties.With infinitive this sense passes into 112b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > place in assigned position
set971
stall1415
stell1488
fix1569
statea1590
stationize1598
post1609
station1685
plant1693
stance17..
possie1918
971 Blickl. Hom. 177 Þa he bebyrged wæs, settan him hyrdas to.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 198 Isboseth lei slepde. & sette a wimmon ȝetewart.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8113 Hii..at ech of þe vour ȝates sette an compaynie.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 10685 He astorede þe castel..& sette þer uolk inou to holde him aȝe þe kinge.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. x. 22 Þeose sixe ben I-set to saue þe Castel.
a1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Digby) xxxv. f. 55 b Þe stable þat oweth to be sette or þe kyng comme.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 16 Þen wer þer þefes set for hym yn a wod þat he most nede goo þrogh.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxiii. 259 Loke that ye set good watche at euery gate.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 22 He shall..assist him..in setting the watch.
1630 J. Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) (modernized text) I. 10 Our captain, so soon as he had set the watch, at eight in the evening, called his men.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 140 Like Centries set . View more context for this quotation
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Watch To set the Watch, is to appoint one division of the crew to enter upon the duty of the watch.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. xiii. 251 How came he to leave the Castle after the watch was set?
1872 C. M. Yonge Cameos cviii, in Monthly Packet Jan. 29 A watch was set all round the castle.
1873 H. Spencer Study Sociol. x. 251 Spies have to be set to check them.
46. To place (a person) in an office, appoint to a certain function or to perform a certain duty; to appoint (an official). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)]
setc1000
stevenOE
assign1297
inseta1300
stable1300
ordaina1325
instituec1384
to put ina1387
limitc1405
point?1405
stablish1439
institutec1475
invest1489
assumec1503
to fill the hands of1535
establish1548
settle1548
appoint1557
place1563
assumptc1571
dispose1578
seat1595
state1604
instate1613
to bring ina1616
officea1616
constitute1616
impose1617
ascribe1624
install1647
to set up1685
prick1788
society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [verb (transitive)] > appoint to an office or position
setc1000
to make placea1387
give1535
placea1568
locate1602
shop1808
berth1865
line1886
c1000 Ags. Ps. civ. 17 He sette hine on his huse to hlafwearde.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13438 I sette ȝuw to ben. Amang hæþene lede. Lihhtfattess muþ.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 23877 Hirdes þat þe lauerd has sett.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11753 Preistes..To do þe folk, als þai war sete, Ma sacrifies to þair maumet.
c1400 Rule St. Benet (Prose) 20 Þabbes ah at set nan þar-to bot þat scho is sikir offe.
c1450 Brut 429 He..made his testament full, and sette his executoris.
c1460 Oseney Reg. 5 The which sett in the seyde church seculer chanons.
c1460 R. Roos tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy 613 There is no iuge yset on such trespace.
1486 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 7 Than I woll..admytte..an honest preest to the said Chauntry, & hym set & inducte in the same.
1498 Cov. Leet Bk. 597 Auditours therupon to be sett.
47.
a. To place in a position of superiority or control over another (e.g. as a ruler, protector, guard).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] > appoint over another
setc1000
preposea1492
superimpose1844
c1000 Ags. Ps. xvii. 48 Þa hælo þæs cynges ðe ðu gesettest ofer folcum.
1123 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) Hit wæs togeanes riht þæt man scolde setten clerc ofer muneces.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3910 To..settenn enngless oferr hemm To ȝemenn hemm.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 38 Þe beoð ouer oþre iset & habbeð ham to witene.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6222 Ouer al þat ost he sett leders.
a1450 Rule St. Benet (Vesp.) 966 Lord, o-bouen set hase þou Souerayns to wham vs bus bew.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. iv. 76 b The Ambassadors, vnto whom they are set ouer as theyr gard.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 941 Us his prime Creatures,..Set over all his Works. View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1646 (1955) II. 512 [They] set a guard upon us.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison IV. xiii. 80 The seventh man was set over the post-boy.
1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. v. 235 In the estimation of those whom he was set over.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xiv. 127 He promoted the French clergy, and set them over the English.
b. To cause (a person) to act in a grievous way upon. to set (one) in another's neck: see neck n.1 Phrases 1c. Similarly to set on another's back.
ΚΠ
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Piv They reyse vp the people..and them they sette in theyre neckes vnder the coloure of some olde tytle of ryghte.
1692 J. Dryden Cleomenes iv. i. 41 Your Friend was set upon you for a Spy.
1695 A. Wood Life (1895) IV. 49 He endeavoured to set Sir William Glynn on his back.
c. to set (a person) on (another): to get him to use influence with. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > power > influence > have influence with [verb (transitive)] > get one to use influence with
to set (a person) ona1715
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 241 He took care to set the English Bishops on the King.
48. To appoint (a boundary, limit). Const. dative of person or equivalent with to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > restrict or limit [verb (transitive)] > set (a limit)
setc888
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > bound or form boundary of [verb (transitive)] > set (a boundary)
buttal1449
set1535
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxi He hæfð heora mearce swa gesette þæt hie ne mot heore mearce gebrædan.
a1000 Ælfric Exodus xix. 23 Þu hete settan gemæro.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms ciii. 9 Thou hast set them their boundes, which they maie not passe.
a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye i. xx, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 521 Asthough ye bounds were sett, How longe mans lyfe, might heere on earthe endure.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. vi. sig. Mm1 Since she found she could set no limits to his passions.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 538 Where bounds were set To darkness. View more context for this quotation
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. v. 882 Those narrow Limits, which Vulgar Opinion and Imagination sets them.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas III. ix. i. 189 Ambitious fellows, who set no bounds to their desires.
1827 W. Scott Highland Widow in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. I. xii. 243 My sufferings will soon be over; but yours—Oh, who but Heaven shall set a boundary to them!
1885 ‘L. Malet’ Col. Enderby's Wife II. iv. i. 130 The limits of our nature are set, and we can never cross them.
49. To appoint (a season, festival, etc.) to be observed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > particular time > [verb (transitive)] > time, appoint, or set a time for > appoint a time to be observed
setc1000
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint > to be observed
setc1000
ordainc1325
puta1475
c1000 Ags. Ps. lxxv. 7 Þæt ic þe symble dag sette and gyrwe.
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 310 Þes dæg [Pentecostes] wæs on ðære ealdan æ gesett and gehalgod.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 11 Þas daȝes beoð iset us to muchele helpe.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 28260 Þe festes þat in kyrk ar sette.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 7 Zonday and þe oþre heȝe festes þet byeþ y-zet to loky ine holy cherche.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 171 Þe festes principals þet byeþ yzet ine holy Cherche vor God to bidde.
50.
a. To ordain or establish (a regulation); to lay down (a law); to prescribe (a form or order). †Also, in Old English and Middle English, to ordain or lay it down (that something should be done). Obsolete or archaic.Cf. set adj.1
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)]
setc893
lawa1023
makeOE
lay11..
stablishc1405
constitue1489
constitute1535
c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. ii. §3 Hio gesette ofer eall hyre rice þæt nan forbyrd nære [etc.].
OE Crist I 236 Sylfa sette þæt þu sunu wære efeneardigende mid þinne engan frean.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1102 Hi þær manega beboda setton þe to Cristendome belimpað.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 491 Drihhtin haffde þanne sett. Þatt nan ne shollde wurrþenn. Þa sett to wurrþenn prest butt iff. He prestess sune wære.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 359 Alle ich iseo þine sahen sotliche isette.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 461 Seint Poul..which made this now rehercid lawe and settide it to be had in vce.
1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy iv, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 46 Rasis set the Dietary.
1599 R. Bodenham in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 100 The chiefe of the Turkes set order yt none shal do any harme to the people or to their goods.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 14 Feb. (1974) VIII. 61 When our rules are once set..no Governor should offer to alter them.
1865 G. Grote Plato I. xii. 422 Actual positive laws: which..have..been set by some ill-qualified historical ruler, or have grown up insensibly.
absolute.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 10 An reȝhell boc to follȝhenn. Vnnderr kanunnkess had. & lif. Swa summ sannt awwstin sette.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 379 After custome to kepe as the Kyng set.
b. In certain games: to fix the number of points which shall constitute ‘game’ (see quot. 1898).
ΚΠ
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 403/1 If the players are ‘13 all’, the game..may at the option of the out side be set to 5 or 3; if ‘14 all’ to 3.
1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 241/2 The game consists of 15 points. If the players should arrive at 13 points each, the game can be ‘set’ at the option of him who first reaches 13, which means that a further 3 or 5 points may be similarly played.
51.
a. To fix or appoint (a time) for the transaction of an affair, or as the term of a period. Also, to fix a time for. Cf. set adj.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > particular time > [verb (intransitive)] > appoint a time
seta1056
stint1656
the world > time > particular time > [verb (transitive)] > time, appoint, or set a time for
seta1056
givec1320
timea1393
attermine1413
day1594
settle1596
to set down1597
momenta1661
order1669
the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (intransitive)] > arrange > fix upon a time
seta1056
a1056 Diplom. Angl. (Thornton) 376 [Hi] settan dæg to þæt man to ðam lande scolde faran.
a1122 [see α. forms].
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1278 A þon daie þet wes iset þa comen heo to-sumne.
c1290 Beket 782 in S. Eng. Leg. 129 Ich þe lende þo fif hondred pound..Sete me þar-of ane schorte day for þov schalt heom ȝelde ech-on.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 103 Þere was i-sette a day to answere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5939 Sett vs term wen we sal for þe prai.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lxxxvii. 568 Sette ye a day said sir Tristram that we shalle doo bataille.
1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. A.ivv They shal..neuer set any certaine day of the sickemans health, for it lyeth not in their power.
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 308 Within three yeares (which shall be as precisely set and observed, as the hireling uses to keep account of the time agreed upon for his service).
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §120. 148 Upon his dispatching his Study within the time set him.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison IV. xxi. 163 I thank my grandmamma and aunt for their kind summons. I will soon set my day.
a1810 R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 21 Let's set the bridal night afore ye gang.
1890 M. E. Wilkins Far-away Melody 305 Two o'clock had been the hour set for the wedding.
1893 Field 18 Feb. 225/3 The club's opening day..is set for April 22.
b. Said of God, destiny, etc.; also in impersonal passive.
ΚΠ
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 191 The time set of kinde is come.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15163 Þe tide, þat in his suete wil was sett.
a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 1 Þe teerme þat is sett of god, þat noman may a-schape.
1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde (Hunterian Club) 1 b You see that Fate hath set a period of my yeares.
1594 T. Kyd tr. R. Garnier Cornelia iv. ii. 147 Heauen sets our time.
1611 Second Maiden's Trag. (1909) i. ii. 12 Yet sir ther is a date set to all sorrowes.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 499 His Seed, when is not set, shall bruise my head. View more context for this quotation
1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel 199 God had set his time wherein these afflictions..should end.
c. intransitive. To fix upon a time. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 84 We set upon the time that we should take our flight.
52. transitive. To appoint as one's lot or destiny. Also absol. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > occurrence > future events > [verb (transitive)] > decree, appoint, allot, or assign
setc1000
spinc1374
weirdc1550
forlot1566
oss1600
foredoom1608
condemn1653
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 64 Ac he sette gecamp geleaffullum sawlum.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4836 All þatt he setteþþ upp o þe Off sellþe. & off unnsellþe.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 775 & forr þi sette himm drihhtin godd To ben iohan ȝehatenn.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 15548 Als prophetis has sett..I sal rise on þe thrid dai.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 522 He..Said it was sett to be so he saȝe by his artis.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 691 For Inglismen he settis no doym bot ded.
53. To appoint or provide to be used or observed by a person. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint
asetc885
teachc897
deemc900
ashapea1000
i-demeOE
setc1000
shiftc1000
stevenOE
redeOE
willOE
lookc1175
showc1175
stablea1300
devise1303
terminea1325
shapec1330
stightlea1375
determinec1384
judgea1387
sign1389
assize1393
statute1397
commanda1400
decree1399
yarka1400
writec1405
decreetc1425
rule1447
stallc1460
constitute1481
assignc1485
institute1485
prescribec1487
constitue1489
destinate1490
to lay down1493
make?a1513
call1523
plant1529
allot1532
stint1533
determ1535
appointa1538
destinec1540
prescrive1552
lot1560
fore-appoint1561
nominate1564
to set down1576
refer1590
sort1592
doom1594
fit1600
dictate1606
determinate1636
inordera1641
state1647
fix1660
direct1816
c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 312 On ðam ealdan Pentecosten sette God æ ðam Israhela folce.
1129 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) Crist sette red for his wrecce folc.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11690 Þe lare off haliȝ boc Þatt ȝuw iss sett to follȝhenn.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 11 Þe tuelf apostles þet hise zette to hyealde and to loky to alle þon þet wyleþ by yborȝe.
c1430 Life St. Kath. (Roxb.) 28 After þe offices þat he hath sett vn to hem.
c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 17 Sche took councell of Seyn Ambrose, and he sette hir þis reule.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxvii. 158 It would be in vain for one intelligent Being, to set a Rule to the Actions of another.
54.
a. To present (an example or pattern) for others to follow; to introduce (a fashion).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > act in accordance with [verb (transitive)] > set (an example)
setc1175
show?1403
shapec1610
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [verb (transitive)] > set an example of
setc1175
exemplifya1450
sample1606
paradigmatize1646
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 5 Godalmihti..sette us bisne.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxvii. 1 Crist..settand him ensaumpile til rightwismen.
1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 57 Their Maister Christ gave them this precept, and set them this example.
a1732 F. Atterbury Serm. Several Occas. (1734) I. 81 To trace all the Steps of that Example which he set us in the Flesh.
1786 Microcosm No. 11. 130 Homer having prescribed the form, or, to use a more modern term, set the fashion of Epic Poems.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 378 A Thegn of Danish descent, Thurcytel.., set the example of flight.
1883 Church Times 9 Nov. 813/3 He set a pattern of controversial violence at a time when tolerance was the lesson most needed by all parties.
1890 S. Lane-Poole Barbary Corsairs ii. xvi. 213 The Genoese and Venetians set the models of these vessels.
1895 A. J. Balfour Found. Belief i. ii. 54 A fashion, as the phrase goes, has to be ‘set’.
b. To put before a person (a specimen of work) to be followed, mark out (the lines) on which he is to work or proceed.
ΚΠ
1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 iv. ii. 89 I tooke him setting of boyes coppies.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 8 Children follow the copies which are set them.
c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 586 To walk..in the ways which he hath set them.
1714 A. Pope Corr. 16 Aug. (1956) I. 242 I could turn writing master at last and set copies to children.
1862 A. Maclaren Milit. Syst. Gymnastic Exerc. 9 The instructor will set (i.e., perform in its perfect manner) each exercise.
1912 Scott. Hist. Rev. Jan. 193 Successful in a brief military campaign on lines set for him by his circumstances.
c. To start (a hymn, etc.) for others to take up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > begin or open (an action or proceeding)
set?c1450
open1471
forward1598
initiate1604
to put in a way1624
to lead off1817
society > faith > worship > church music > [verb (transitive)] > sing or chant > lead singing
set?c1450
to take up1577
line1853
hist1857
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > precent
set?c1450
to take up1577
precent1639
tune1667
line1853
hist1857
?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 360 The chefe chauntresse. To whos charge..it belongeth for..to sette the songe euen and mensurably.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No 284 ⁋5 I had one Day set the Hundredth Psalm, and was singing the first Line in order to put the Congregation into the Tune.
1726 W. R. Chetwood Voy. & Adventures Capt. R. Boyle 165 One Sunday, as the Clerk had set the Psalm.
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. i. vi. 25 I should be very willing to be his Clerk: for which you know I am qualified, being able to read, and to set a Psalm. View more context for this quotation
d. In a chase or race, to set the pace, to proceed at a rate of speed to be followed by another; also in extended use. So to set the stroke (in rowing).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > move at specific rate [verb (intransitive)] > set speed of movement or progress
to make (all) the running1824
to set the pace1891
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [verb (intransitive)] > row > set rate of strokes
to set the stroke1891
1891 Murray's Mag. Mar. 367 Walking the pace set by her pupil.
1892 Field 2 Apr. 480/1 Elin, in the Cambridge boat, is setting a longer stroke.
1898 H. Newbolt Island Race 84 He's leading them straight for Blackmoor Gate, And he's setting a pounding pace!
1928 J. M. Barrie Peter Pan i, in Plays 19 Nana must go about all her duties in a most ordinary manner..; naturalness must be her passion; indeed, it should be the aim of every one in the play, for which she is now setting the pace.
1928 E. Wingfield-Stratford Hist. Brit. Civilization II. iii. 1090 Britain was ceasing to set the pace to her neighbours; she was beginning to show signs of flagging in the race.
1958 Engineering 4 Apr. 424/2 Do things before anyone else not wait to see what someone else does—set the pace and keep them hopping.
e. Bowls, etc. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > play bowls [verb (transitive)] > set mark
trig1706
set1888
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) At each round [sc. of skittles] the loser has to set—i.e. to fix the spot where the bowl shall be delivered in the next.
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 129/2 [article Bowls] A ‘mark’ is set, thrown, or led, by the winners of an end after the score has been settled.
55.
a. To allot or enjoin (a task). Const. dative of person or upon.In modern use often passive said of what is required to be done.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > duties > [verb (transitive)] > assign a task to a person > give (work) as task
seta1300
taska1641
a1300 Cursor Mundi 29000 Crist..has he sett vs certain task quilk ar þai bones for to ask.
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §127 (1699) 235 Set him such a Task, to be done in such a time, as may allow him no opportunity to be idle.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. xii. 234 Repeating the words like a task which was set him.
1821 Baroness Bunsen in A. J. C. Hare Life & Lett. Baroness Bunsen (1879) I. 187 While I sit working or setting work.
1845 J. Pycroft Collegian's Guide 107 I shall close my door another morning after the first five minutes, and then set impositions.
1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. xiv. 265 I shall not set him anything to do.
1884 Manch. Examiner 17 June 5/1 The master..was in the habit of setting lessons for the children to work upon at home after school hours.
1892 Standard 27 July 7/5 The Club were set 94 runs to win.
1892 Field 6 Feb. 188/1 We had our work set to keep up with hounds.
b. Mining, etc. To appoint the amount of (work to be done).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > amounts of work > appoint amount of work [verb (transitive)]
set1742
stint1794
1742 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 3) I. 141 They appoint..the Quantity each Dredgerman shall take in a Day, which is usually called Setting the Stint.
1868 R. M. Ballantyne Deep Down xxviii The manager..read out the names, positions, etc., of the various ‘pitches’ that were to be ‘sett’ for the following month.
1880 D. C. Davies Treat. Metallif. Minerals & Mining 420 To set bargains or work to miners.
1900 Daily News 3 Dec. 10/3 Those other bargains which it was impracticable to ‘set’ on the 19th and 20th November will be ‘set’ as usual on the same day (December 5th).
c. To propound (a question or set of questions) to be solved or answered; to prescribe (a book) for an examination or a course of study.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > examine a candidate [verb (transitive)] > set a question
set1711
society > education > educational administration > examination > examine a candidate [verb (transitive)] > set a question > prescribe a book for
set1891
1711 [see α. forms].
1845 J. Pycroft Collegian's Guide 317 [It] enabled Williamson.. to answer two of the ethical questions with the ipsissima verba of two of the examiners who set them.
1889 E. Lynn Linton Thro' Long Night I. i. vii. 101 No mind-reader..could have solved the problem had it been set him.
1890 Jrnl. Educ. June 297/2 He will henceforward set no papers either in Greek or in Latin verse.
1891 Murray's Mag. 10 743 Milton's ‘Areopagitica’ is set for examinations.
1895 Law Times 99 547/1 The intermediate examination is in special books set from time to time.
56.
a. To appoint (a meeting), make (an appointment). Also absol. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > particular time > [verb (transitive)] > time, appoint, or set a time for > appoint a meeting or make an appointment
setc1330
the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] > arrange
beteec1275
tailc1315
castc1320
ordaina1325
setc1330
tightc1330
accord1388
tailyec1480
assign1558
raise1652
settle1694
work1761
arrange1786
engineer1831
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 4702 Galathin & Gawainet To gider com, þer þai hadde set.
c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 1160 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 329 To þe kirk he come but let, quhare scho to hyme triste set.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 106 Nowe shall we knowe if Gadshill haue set a match. View more context for this quotation
a1810 R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 19 They set their tryst where neist again to meet.
b. To appoint (a council, etc.) to be held. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint > to be held
set1523
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. l. 30 Ther was a counsell set to be at Uyllenort.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 394 He sett ane parliament at Edinburgh to be haldin the tent day of Juin.
57.
a. To let on lease, lease, let. Also to set in feu, in feu ferm, in lease, in tack. Now local.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > hire or rent out [verb (transitive)] > let or lease land or house
to let (also put, set, etc.) (out ,forth) to (alsoin, for) farma1325
set1422
rent1530
farm1576
to farm out1576
vent1603
tenant1721
arrenta1754
1422 in J. Raine Hist. & Antiq. N. Durham (1852) App. 104 For til haue Set & to ferme latty[n] to my der frende all my landis of Eddirham.
1426 in C. Rogers Chartul. Priory Coldstream (1879) 43 Be it kend..ws Wilȝame Drax..till haue set and to ferme lattyn al ye landis of Litill Swynton.
c1480 Oseney Reg. (Exch. MS.) 60 b Howses..the which, to whoome soo ever they will, they maye sett or lette.
1495 Rolls of Parl. VI. 465/1 Moche lesse Rent..then the said Lordshippes..myght resonably be sette for.
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng iii. f. 2v How moche euery acre is worthe to set by the yere.
1564 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 304 He..hes.. set and disponit the few of the saidis landis owir his heid.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxvii. 635 That these Censors should set and to ferme let the territorie of Capua.
1618 in Rec. Convent. Royal Burghs Scotl. (1878) III. 61 Thai..sall nather sell, dispone or sett in few or in tak anie of the saids lands.
1682 G. Vernon Life P. Heylyn 120 He removed his Study to Alresford, setting his House for no more than 3 l. a year.
1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) ii. xi. 347 All Tacks set by the Vassal without the Superiors Consent.
1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 26 Oct. (1948) I. 70 I have had also a letter from Parvisol, with an account how my livings are set, and that they are fallen, since last year, sixty pounds.
1788 E. Burke Speech against W. Hastings in Wks. (1822) XIII. 233 By setting the rest to farmers at rents and under hopes, which could never be realized.
1790 J. Wolcot Compl. Epist. to Bruce in Wks. (1816) II. 163 A comely spot..; A lease-hold though..; Set..at a moderate rent.
1806 W. M. Morison Decisions Court of Session XXXIII. 14259 The magistrates and council did set in lease to certain persons a stell fishing.
1884 R. Hunt Brit. Mining 107 The custom of setting or leasing a mine on tribute.
1910 P. W. Joyce Eng. as we speak it in Ireland 319 A struggling housekeeper failed to let her lodging, which a neighbour explained by: ‘Ah, she's no good at setting’.
b. intransitive. To take a (mining) lease. Cf. set n.1 3b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > take mining lease
set1653
1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 3 May set In any ground, and there Lead-oar may get.
1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 37 The Vulgar term, is setting for a Mine, For the grace of God, and what I there can find.
1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 41 Another Miner for a Crosse-vein sets.
58.
a. transitive. To establish by agreement or authority (a settled condition, an alliance, a peace). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement with [verb (transitive)] > negotiate
setc900
treat1357
merchantc1400
tract1508
article1526
capitulate1567
articulate1602
to stand with ——1616
huckster1642
traffica1649
transact1654
negotiate1720
renegotiate1787
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. iii. xviii. §1 Þa wilnode he þæt lif onhyrigan, þe he well gesæt geseah in Gallia rice.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14988 Heo setten grið heo sette frið.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 25870 Þer has þi schrift sett end o pyne, Þat elles war wit-vten fine.
a1450 Le Morte Arth. 2331 A trews they sette and sekeryd thare.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lii. 30 b The thyrde shulde set agrement bytwene them.
1535 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) I. 411 As ye can..sett a fynall ende therin.
1545 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 175 To sett suche fynall ordre and determinacion therin as maye stand with our Lawes.
1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 352 Thynke not..that I came to set peace in the world.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 31 It is now high time to set an end to this discourse.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. ii. 2 Hauing sette an order in his householde affaires.
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 27 Why do thy disciples violate and neglect this good order, set by our wise Elders in their repast?
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 113 I have in my first sentence set an order in these affaires.
1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea Ep. Ded. 14 You were readie to set an end to the present differences.
b. To settle (an affair). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > specific matters of any kind
engross1430
redd?a1513
convene1521
to set a stay1538
solute1560
set1605
to wind up1780
arrange1837
square1853
1605 J. Stow Annales (new ed.) 1426 [Jas. I] called a councell to him, and taking order for setting all things in his Realme of Scotland, began his voyage towards England.
1619 Cushman in Bradford Plymouth Plant. (1856) 36 I..could not effecte yt which I aimed at, neither can yet sett things as I wished.
VI. To put in position, arrange, fix, adjust.
* To fix or arrange in a required position or manner.
59. To spread out (a net) to catch animals; to lay (a trap). †Also absol.For set a gin, snare, trap used phraseologically in a figurative sense, see the nouns.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > trap > set traps
setc825
teldc1000
layc1200
to set up1579
tail1770
toila1819
c825 Vesp. Ps. cxviii. 110 Setten synfulle gerene me.
a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 92 Ic brede me max and sette hig on stowe gehæppre.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1057 Þe louerd.., Lym & grune & wel ihwat Sette & leyde þe for to lacche.
?a1366 Romaunt Rose 1620 His gynnes hath he [Love] sett withoute, Ryght for to cacche in his panters These damoysels & bachelers.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jer. v. 26 Fouleres settynge snaris and trappis.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 711/2 Go set for some connyes.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 56 As they had ben settand tinchellis for the murther of wyld beistes.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 61 For stalking Cranes to set the guileful Snare. View more context for this quotation
1817 J. Mayer Sportsman's Direct. (ed. 2) 176 To have traps constantly set and baited.
1827 Act 7 & 8 Geo. IV c. 18 §1 If any Person shall set or place..any Spring Gun, Man Trap, or other Engine calculated to destroy human Life.
1842 Act 5 & 6 Victoria c. 106 §7 Every Person offending by setting or leaving set any such Net.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke iv. 26 We..proceeded to set our lines [for fishing].
1890 Good Words Aug. 549/1 The snare was set..outside the field.
60.
a. To put (a thing) in place; to fix up in the proper or required manner; †to erect (a tent, a mast); in early use often = to set up at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > in proper manner
set1399
1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iii. 166 Kerving þe cloþe all to pecis, Þat seuene goode sowers..Moun not sett þe seemes ne sewe hem aȝeyn.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 1143 And þen trussis him to Tyre & þare his tentis settis.
1429–30 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 73 For ijc latthes set..xvj d.
1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Ciiiv Except ye be perfyt in settynge your [mill]stones.
1603 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 151 A mason, iiij days and halfe settinge the chimly pyppes.
a1647 P. Pett Life in Archaeologia (1796) 12 283 We reared our sheers to set our masts.
1669 R. Boyle Contin. New Exper. Physico-mech. (1682) ii. 187 Whilst I set the screw all things in the Receiver suffered a compression.
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 294 She lay to set her Mast.
1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. Set,..a Term used for turning a Crane round, so as to raise the Weight that is to be shipped from the Shore.
1765 B. Franklin Let. 4 June in Wks. (1887) III. 390 You mention nothing of the furnace. If that iron one is not set, let it alone till my return.
1830 P. Hedderwick Treat. Marine Archit. 280 Having the sheer adjusted and set fair on one side.
1863 G. A. Lawrence Border & Bastille iv The fore and hind wheels are nearly the same height, and set very close together.
1870 Inq. Yorks. Deaf & Dumb 18 She has been occupied in setting cards to card wool with.
1883 Law Times Rep. 49 139/1 He [a slater] was to have 4s. a square, 2d. a foot for setting the ridge.
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 498 The lancets are set and released simultaneously.
1891 Labour Commission Gloss. Setting trees, the placing of timber props to support the roof in a coal mine.
b. = to set (a-)going at sense 114c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > cause to begin to act or operate
to put (also set) to worka1398
to put on work?1440
streek?a1500
setc1500
to put (also set) in (also into) motion1598
spring1598
to set offa1625
to put (also set) in work1626
to set (a-)going1705
start1822
to start up1865
to set in motion1890
c1500 T. More Wks.  iij A toppe can I set, and dryue it in his kynde.
1781 W. Cowper Let. 28 May (1979) I. 487 When the press is once set..[the printers] are rather impatient of any delay.
1819 Hayman Art of Brewing 16 When the tap is set, the liquor passes perpendicularly through the goods.
1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 294 He can, by setting an engine, produce [etc.].
61. To insert (a stitch). to set a stitch, to use needle and thread, to sew. Formerly †to set seams.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > sew or ornament textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > sew
to set a stitch1683
1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 94 For a poor Cobbler to set a stitch on the Sabbath day.
c1771 S. Foote Maid of Bath iii. 66 I am almost resolved never to set another stitch for him as long as I live.
1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain xxvii. 654 Bellairs..shed a tear for every stitch she set in the trousseau.
1862 C. M. Yonge Countess Kate xiv. 269 She has never let Lily wear a stitch but of her setting.
62. Baking, Glass-making, etc. To put into the oven or furnace.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > burn or bake
anneala1382
set1483
fire1549
neala1552
burn1664
1483 Cath. Angl. 263/1 To set in Owen..jn fornacem ponere.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 714/1 At the settyng in to the oven folkes make syde loves.
1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. Set,..in particular used by Bakers, as putting their Bread, &c. into the Oven.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 577 [article Glass-making] Before setting the pots in the furnace.
1845 P. Barlow Manuf. in Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 459/1 The seggars, in setting-in the oven, are first placed in the spaces between the bags opposite the entrance.
1845 G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. 4th Ser. 45 The withdrawal of an old pot and replacing it with a new one is called ‘setting a pot’.
1854 G. Read Biscuit Baker's Assist. (ed. 2) 15 An old practice of setting a suit of biscuits, called ‘chuck and shove’.
1885 Lock in Workshop Rec. 4th Ser. 171/1 Before commencing to ‘set’ the retorts.
63.
a. To fix (a stone or gem) in a surface of metal as an ornament; †formerly also on a garment (cf. set n.1 22). Also, to fashion (a design or pattern) in precious stones.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > making jewellery or setting with jewels > set or stud (something) with gems [verb (transitive)] > inlay or set (gems)
dentc1440
set1501
close1530
enchasea1533
couch1578
becrampoun1582
inset1658
chase1859
1501 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 91 A ryng of gold wt a toorkes set in.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 710/2 I wyll set my rubye in fyne golde.
1598 Floure & Leafe in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 366v/1 Many a rich stone Was set on the purfiles.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies vi. xiv. 459 To cut, and set the stones in worke.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxix. 2 Onix stones, and stones to be set . View more context for this quotation
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 141 Vertue is a rich ston, best plaine set.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 245. ⁋2 A Crochet of 122 Diamonds, set strong and deep in Silver.
1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca 17 We found several Precious Stones, some Set, some Unset, of a very great Value.
1828 Mirror V. 15/2 Fine brilliants are always set open.
1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. xxvii On the back..were his initials set in brilliants.
figurative and in extended use.1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. vii. 55 O sinful thought, neuer so rich a Iem was set in worse then gold. View more context for this quotation1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar iv. ii. 58 And him too rich a Jewel to be set In vulgar metal, or for vulgar use.1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. iv. 15 Each tender gem, Set in the figtree's polish'd stem.1890 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 148 23/2 No vice could be odious when set in so much gold.
b. transferred and figurative. To place (a thing) in a certain setting; †to frame (a picture).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > condition or preservation of paintings > [verb (transitive)] > frame
set1530
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > in a certain setting
set1822
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 711/1 Now that my picture of the crucifix is set in bordes.
1713 J. Addison Spectator No. 328 2nd ed. v. She..draws all her Relations Pictures in Miniature; [which]..must be..set by no body but Charles Mather.
1822 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 29 Dec. A scrubby boy, with a shining face set in dirt.
1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 534 It is a dark and terrible picture richly set in a massive framework of old English manners.
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate I. iii. 73 Large square windows set in stone.
c. To fix (artificial teeth) on the plate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > practise dentistry [verb (transitive)] > procedures in making dentures
set1844
flask1873
post-dam1910
to try in1921
1844 P. B. Goddard (title) The anatomy..of the human teeth; with methods of treatment; including operations, and making and setting teeth.
1878 C. Hunter Mech. Dentistry viii. 100 The models..must now have wax plates made for them, and upon these the teeth are set.
64.
a. To put (a sail) up in position to catch the wind. Also said of a ship carrying (so much canvas).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)] > set or spread (sails)
spreadc1325
seta1400
tilla1665
a1400 [see to set to 2 at Phrasal verbs 2].
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 41 Set your fore-saile.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 16 Loose the Main-sail, and set him.
1799 Naval Chron. 1 377 Their..ships..set all their plain sails.
1805 in Ld. Nelson Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. 166 (note) All our masts badly wounded and no sail fit to set.
1890 Chambers's Jrnl. 26 July 469/2 There was no more canvas on her to set.
1892 Eng. Illustr. Mag. 10 42 When under full sail this vessel sets 45,000 square feet of canvas.
figurative.1819 G. Crabbe Tales of Hall I. xi. 316 A daily guest the man appear'd, Set all his sail, and for his purpose steer'd.1843 A. Bethune Sc. Peasant's Fire-side 15 Setting all the sail they could to catch the gale of admiration.
b. to set sail: to start on a sea voyage. Also †to set one's sails: to sail.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > set out on a voyage
to go to seac900
to take the seac1275
to go or fere to (the) saila1375
sail1387
to make saila1500
to set sail1513
lance1526
launch1534
to put off1582
to put out?1587
to put forth1604
to come to sail1633
underweigh1891
to take sail1904
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. xiii. 69 That salflie throw the se It may be lefull thai thare salis set.
1599 R. Bodenham in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 100 After the sayde dayes expired, I wayed & set saile for the Iland of Chio.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 227 On the sixt of June they were licensed to set sail.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 507. ¶6 When Pompey was desired not to set Sail in a Tempest that would hazard his Life.
1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 180 He reimbarked in the frigate, and directly set sail.
1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. 118 Buonaparte set sail from Toulon.
65.
a. To put (a movable part of an instrument or piece of mechanism) in a certain position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > cause to have specific position or arrangement [verb (transitive)] > specifically a movable part of an instrument
setc1400
c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §3. 17 Tho sette I the centre of this Alhabor vp-on 18 degrees among myn Almy-kanteras.
1639 E. Chilmead tr. R. Hues Learned Treat. Globes iv. xii The Globe being set to the latitude of the place.
1675 J. Smith Horol. Dialogues ii. 39 What hour soever you would have your Larrums to ring at, to that figure..set your Larrum hand.
1833 Encycl. Brit. VI. 800 A larger knob or button..sets the hand of the watch backward or forward as may be necessary.
1857 C. Hoare Wine & Spirit Merchant's Guide 49 Set the length on the slide to 18.79 on D.
1879 Man. Siege & Garrison Artillery Exercises 116 No. 1 having set his scale replaces it in the gun.
1879 Man. Siege & Garrison Artillery Exercises 117 He first sets the tangent scale to the required deflection.
1883 R. H. Scott Elem. Meteorol. 68 Just before setting the vernier.
b. Computing. To cause (a binary storage unit) to enter a prescribed state, spec. that representing 1. Also intransitive, to enter a prescribed state.
ΚΠ
1948 Electronics Apr. 127/1 The initial values can be set into the computer without too much time lag.
1957 R. K. Richards Digital Computer Components & Circuits vi. 263 The real problem in devising a large-capacity storage system is not so much in the storage elements themselves as in providing means to gain access to any specified individual storage element for the purpose of sensing..or setting its status.
1968 Maley & Heilweil Introd. Digital Computers vi. 82 The latch is simply a circuit whose output can be set to 1, or reset to 0, and it will remain at either one of these two values until another set or reset operation changes its value.
1971 J. H. Smith Digital Logic i. 12 A binary divider is a modified toggle which has only one input. If electrical pulses are applied to this input the unit will ‘set’. The second pulse will ‘reset’ the circuit.
66. Bell-ringing. To ring (a bell) up till it stands still in an inverted position, either balanced or held by the stay and the slider. Also intransitive of the bell.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [verb (transitive)] > bring to position
set1671
sally1735
to ring up1855
1671 Tintinnalogia 3 He is able to Set a Bell Fore-stroke and Back-stroke.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 462/2 Ringing in Set Changes, that is, the Bells being Set, they order which Bell shall lead away & what to follow.
1788 W. Jones et al. Key to Art of Ringing (repr.) 9 (note) As the first half-pull sets the bell up at back-stroke..; so the next half-pull brings her at hand or fore-stroke, which is the position we suppose her to have set off from.]
a1823 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XV. 410 The first step he (the learner) makes in this art, is to learn perfectly to set a Bell, both back stroke and fore.
1860 E. B. Denison Clocks & Watches & Bells 420 A bell of about 52 cwt...which he and some other boys used to raise and set (i.e. ring till it stands mouth upwards).
1871 W. Wigram Change-ringing Disentangled 41 The learner should begin his practice on a bell when ‘set’.
1875 Haweis in Encycl. Brit. III. 539/1 The first half-pull ‘drops’ the bell, the second ‘sets’ it.
67.
a. To put (a liquid) in a vessel, at a certain temperature, strength, etc., ready to undergo a process; spec. in Cheese-making (see quot. 1861 and cf. to set together at Phrasal verbs 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > prepare milk for cheese
beclipc1400
wella1425
earn1670
set1736
yearn1818
to set together1837
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > for use > material > liquid for undergoing a process
set1736
1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum at Cheese The milk must be set to turn in two different vessels.
1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire I. 275 The evening's meal is set for cream; and, being skimmed in the morning, is added to the morning's meal.
1789 W. Marshall Rural Econ. Glocestershire I. 297 The heat of the milk when set 83½°.
1852 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 13 i. 37 The churn should be set at 58° or 60°.
1861 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 22 i. 50 The temperature of the milk when it is ‘set’ (that is, when the rennet is added).
1875 F. J. Bird Dyer's Hand-bk. 39 Run your cloth through a jigger, set with cutch at 4° Twaddle, temperature about 180° Fahr.
in extended use.a1861 T. Woolner Wild Rose in My Beautiful Lady ii And sets a crimson rose to bleach.
b. Baking and Brewing. To add barm or yeast to. to set the sponge: to leaven a mass of flour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [verb (transitive)] > add yeast to
set1743
pitch1875
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of bread > prepare bread [verb (transitive)] > add leaven or raise
sourdoughc1384
leavena1400
raisea1500
set1743
sponge1773
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > preparation of bread > prepare bread [verb (intransitive)] > add leaven
to set the sponge1841
1743 W. Ellis Suppl. to London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) 329 This Servant..being obliged to set his Drink that Night.
1841 Guide to Trade, Baker 41 The..journeyman..is occupied in carrying out bread till about half-past four, when he sets the sponge.
1844 T. Webster & F. Parkes Encycl. Domest. Econ. §4317 The sponge being thus set, cover the whole over with a cloth.
** To put in a certain order or arrange according to a plan.
68.
a. To compose, write (a treatise, book). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > art or occupation of writer or author > be the author of or write (a work) [verb (transitive)]
setc888
adighteOE
awriteeOE
writeeOE
dightc1000
workOE
makelOE
brevea1225
ditea1300
aditec1330
indite1340
betravail1387
compone1393
saya1475
compile1477
compose1483
comprise1485
recite1523
pen1530
contex1542
invent1576
author1597
context1628
to make up1630
spawn1631
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. ii Ða lioð..ic sceal nu..mid swiþe ungeradum wordum gesettan.
a950 Prose Life Guthlac (1848) Prol. For ðisum þingum ic ðas boc sette.
c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 576 Dauid ðurh ðone Halgan Gast ða sealmas sette.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 12 Þe uerste article ys þellich. ‘Ich beleue ine god þe uader almiȝti..’. Þis article zette saynte peter.
a1400 Launfal 4 Of a ley that was ysette, That hyght Launval.
?1473 W. Caxton in tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. Pref. lf. 1v Whyche was in prose so well and compendiously sette and wreton.
b. Contextually: To translate. Obsolete. (Cf. to set out at Phrasal verbs 2, b.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (transitive)]
setc888
wendeOE
turnc1175
writec1275
drawa1325
translatea1375
expound1377
takea1382
interpret1382
transpose1390
remue?a1400
renderc1400
put?a1425
to draw outa1450
reducec1450
compile1483
redige?1517
make1529
traducea1533
traduct1534
converta1538
do1561
to set out1597
transcribe1639
throw1652
metaphrase1868
versionize1874
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. Proem Hwilum he sette word be worde, hwilum andgit of andgite.
c1425 Eng. Conq. Irel. 90 The forme of thay preuyleges..ne myght I nat comly setten yn Englyshe.
1601 W. T. tr. R. Nannini Civill Consid. 1st Ep. Ded. I attempted to set it out of French into our vulgar tongue.
c. To arrange (words) in speech; to phrase, give a particular turn to. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > express in a specific style [verb (transitive)] > express in particular terms
layc1330
setc1460
couch1529
terma1535
phrase1556
put1571
shape1589
word1602
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 3781 Geffrey set his wordis in such manere wise.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. xii Of a fewe wordes euyll sette cometh a grete noyse and daunger.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 714/2 Beware of hym, he can sette his wordes, I tell you.
d. Astrology. = cast v. 39. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > astrology > [verb] > calculate
castc1374
calk1401
set1570
planet1596
calculatea1616
astrologizea1734
1570 in Archaeologia 40 391 Bedo..desyred this examynate to cast a fygure for certen monny that was hydden..and upon his importunat sute this examynate sett a fygure.
69. To settle or dispose of (land). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)]
britteneOE
to-dealeOE
dealOE
britOE
setc1275
dispensec1374
dispendc1375
to-seta1387
dispone1429
disposec1430
sparple1435
demean1439
distributea1464
distribue1477
issuec1484
communy1530
to deal out1535
impart1545
disperse1555
retail1576
digest1578
deliver1626
to hand out1648
to dispose of1676
dispensate1701
dole1701
to give out1710
sling1860
to give away1889
to pass out1926
dish1934
971 Blickl. Hom. 79 & þæt land gesetton swa hie sylfe woldon.]
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12020 Arður hafde France and freoliche heo sette.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7780 Þo he adde iset is londes.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 903 Tvo ȝere he sett þat land, His lawes made he cri.
70. To settle the arrangement of (an army) for battle. to set a field: see field n.1 7a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops) > in battle array
setc1275
host1297
ordainc1300
devisec1325
battle1330
arraya1375
stuffc1390
addressa1393
embattle1393
fit?a1400
stedilla1400
fewterc1440
to pitch (also set) a fielda1500
order1509
pitcha1513
deraign1528
marshal1543
re-embattle1590
size1802
form1816
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13691 Ælc king of his folke ȝarkede ferde. Þa hit al was iset & ferden isemed.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 432 Brut ordeinede is ost, and sette hom wisliche.
c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 634 The capyteyns..B[e]st to set hys felde and folow on the chase.
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. sig. Avv Ye duke of yorke set his felde at brent heth.
1562 P. Whitehorne Certain Waies Orderyng Souldiers f. 1 (heading) , in tr. N. Machiavelli Arte of Warre Certaine waies for the orderyng of Souldiours in battelray, & settyng of battailes.
1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron v. sig. H4 I am not hee that can set my Squadrons ouer-night [etc.].
71.
Thesaurus »
a. To make (a table) ready for a meal, spread (a table) with food, etc.
b. To lay (a meal).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [verb (transitive)] > lay out meal
set1575
spread1648
c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 975 She gan the hous to dighte, And tables for to sette.
a1547 in Fosbrooke Econ. Mon. Life (1796) 84 The bordes was divers times set.
1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle ii. i. sig. Bii Was there none at home thy dinner for to set.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Baucis & Philemon in Fables 158 The good old Huswife tucking up her Gown, The Table sets.
1794 A. M. Bennett Ellen I. 21 He..declined partaking of the supper, which was setting on the table.
1861 Temple Bar 1 343 Go and set the tea.
1884 J. T. Trowbridge Farnell's Folly II. xxxvi. 101 You may as well set the table for two.
1890 Universal Rev. Aug. 580 A table is set with refreshments.
c. To arrange the colours in the desired order on (a palette).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > colour [verb (transitive)] > arrange colours
cast1567
mass1753
set1847
1847 Man. Oil-painting 126 To set a palette is to arrange the tints and colours in their due order for service.
1866 E. Yates Land at Last I. vii. 122 By the easel..were a big palette already ‘set’, a colour-box, and a sheaf of brushes.
72. Printing. To place (type) in the order in which it is to be printed from; to compose, set up (type); hence, to put (manuscript) into type. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > preparatory processes > composing > compose [verb (intransitive)]
set1530
society > communication > printing > preparatory processes > composing > compose [verb (transitive)]
set1530
compose1637
to set up1668
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 711/2 Your worke must nedes go forwarde, for I have foure that do nothyng else but set upon it.
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. Ciiiv I correked but the false copye wherby and aftir whyche the printer dyd sette his boke.
1609 C. Tourneur Funerall Poeme sig. C4v As practis'd Printers, Sett and Distribute Their Letters.
1637 Decree Starre-Chamber conc. Printing xxiv. sig. G2v If any person..that is not allowed Printer..shall worke at any such Presse, or Set, or Compose any Letters to bee wrought by any such Presse.
1708 in T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (O.H.S.) II. 126 The third sheet..is set.
1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village IV. 241 The proprietor of the county newspaper, who keeps the advertisement of this matchless villa constantly set.
1864 Daily Tel. 28 June Next, to the composing-room, where I find about seventy men at work ‘setting’ small scraps of copy before them.
1892 Leisure Hour Feb. 232/2 The type from which the journal is set.
1899 Tit-Bits 8 Apr. 36/2 A good compositor can set 12,000 letters a day.
1964 F. Bowers Bibliogr. & Textual Crit. vi. i. 161 The sole purpose of saving the printer the labour of setting from a difficult manuscript.
73.
a. To put (words) to (†in) music; to write (a musical composition) for certain voices or instruments. Also (less frequently) to put (music) to words, adapt (a melody) to, compose (a tune).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > compose [verb (transitive)] > set to music
set1502
air1608
musicate1614
compose1685
melodize1881
music1897
musicalize1919
1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 2 For setting an Anthem of oure lady and Saint Elizabeth.
1502 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expenses Elizabeth of York (1830) 83 Item to Cornishe for setting of a carralle upon Cristmas day.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. viij Exercisyng hym self dayly..in settyng of songes, makyng of ballettes, & did set .ii. goodly masses, euery of them fyue partes.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxxxiij This Psalme..he made it also in metre, and set a note to it.
1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. D2 He..setteth wanton songs vnto the Lute.
1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois v. 61 Consorts fit to sound forth harmony, Set to the fals of kingdomes.
1645 (title) Poems of Mr. John Milton... The songs were set in Musick by Mr. Henry Lawes.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1661 (1955) III. 293 [It] plaied 9 or 10 Tunes on the bells very finely; some of them set in parts.
1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 134 A fine consort of musick, wherein the word Maria was soe sett it took up halfe an hour in singing.
1762 G. Colman Musical Lady ii. i. 19 Sophy. And you really think it is set prettily... Mask. Delightfully!..and sung — O heavens!
1774 A. M. Storer in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) III. 77 An air set to the words of one of his own ballads.
1821 P. B. Shelley Song iv Let me set my mournful ditty To a merry measure.
1870 Ld. Tennyson Window Pref. Sullivan..had been very successful in setting such old songs as ‘Orpheus with his lute’.
1891 Sat. Rev. 14 Nov. 558/2 The poem is set for chorus and orchestra.
1965 Listener 3 June 836/2 One does not make music ‘colloquial’ by using it to set colloquial words.
1966 J. A. W. Bennett & G. V. Smithers Early M.E. Verse & Prose 108 The music to which it [sc. a lyric] is set clearly shows that the words were composed to fit the tune.
1970 Oxf. Compan. Music (ed. 10) 498/1 The tunes set to these hymns were partly adaptations of the ancient plainsong, partly arrangements of folk song and partly original.
1979 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 17 May 32/4 Byrd set this notorious poem to music, and the setting certainly did not escape notice.
b. figurative.
ΚΠ
1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 8 He sets his talk to a sounding tune.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. x. 159 Get out of my sight, or I shall set your solfeggio in a crying key.
1862 J. Tyndall Mountaineering in 1861 xi. 92 Clothing the crags with splendour, and setting the wind to melody.
1879 J. Morley Burke x. 209 Burke's mind was not easily set to these tunes.
c. intransitive. To be capable of being put to music; to go (well) to music.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > admit of being sung [verb (intransitive)] > admit of being set
set?1697
?1697 J. Lewis Mem. Duke of Glocester (1789) 82 He thought that they [the verses] would set very well to music.
74. trans. Theatre. To make up (a scene) on the stage; to arrange (an item of the scenery) in a particular way. Also to set the stage (also figurative, to prepare the way or conditions for (an event, etc.)).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > stage [verb (transitive)] > arrange or move scenery
set1781
run1831
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > make preparations for (an event, etc.)
apparelc1314
purveya1382
prevenea1522
bespeak1582
providea1616
forespeak1659
formel1673
to set the stage1937
organize1952
to set up1965
1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic ii. i Sir, the scene is set, and everything is ready to begin.
1889 E. Lynn Linton Thro' Long Night II. ii. ii. 4 He wanted to see how he should be received when the stage was not set nor were the lamps trimmed for his reception.
1890 Harper's Mag. June 68/2 The palace of the Borgias was ‘set’ as a modern apothecary's shop.
1892 Illustr. London News 23 July 110/2 The time necessary for setting and changing scenes.
1937 Discovery June 175/1 Given suitable conditions, the stage is always set for the transformation.
1972 Review & Herald 7 Dec. 12/2 However, it is first necessary to ‘set the stage’.
1980 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Jan. 122/1 I can best set the stage for describing Morelli's instrument by reviewing the two basic types of spectroscope and spectrophotometer.
*** To give a required shape or form to.
75.
a. To put an edge on (a cutting instrument, esp. a razor). Also to set the edge of. (Cf. sense 42.)In first quot. 1461 apparently figurative phr. to set upon the hone, to sharpen (a person) up.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > perform general or industrial manufacturing processes [verb (transitive)] > sharpen or put edge on
whetc897
strokec1400
set1461
filour1483
sharpen1530
to wash down1909
1461 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 271 As for Wylliam Wyrcestyr, he hathe be set so vp-on the hone, what by the parson and by othyr,..þat they hope he wole do well inow.
1553 J. Withals Shorte Dict. f. 39v/1 A stone to whette or sette the rasure with.
1667 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 122 Setting a razor, 2d.
1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. x. 192 It is afterwards Set upon a round Whet-stone.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 111 You have ground the persecuting knife, And set it to a razor edge on life.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas I. ii. vii. 139 A case and two razors,..with a thong of leather to set them.
1816 Ld. Byron Parisina xv, in Siege of Corinth 81 The headsman..Feels if the axe be sharp and true—Since he set its edge anew.
1868 W. Bemrose Fret-cutting 10 In ‘setting’ the tools, apply a few drops of sweet oil to the Arkansas stone.
1892 Leisure Hour Apr. 387/1 Are my razors set yet?
b. figurative phr. to be sharp or keen set: to be hungry or keen. (See also sharp-set adj.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > hunger > be hungry [verb (intransitive)]
hungerOE
to be sharp or keen set1540
esuriate1623
to cry cupboardc1665
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Mij My mynd is al redy in the platters or dishes .i. I am sharpe set.
1606 L. Bryskett Disc. Ciuill Life 94 Being fed temperatly, our mindes may be the sharper set to fall to those other dainties.
1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) ii. 120 As in smooth oil the razor best is whet, So wit is by politeness sharpest set.
1891 ‘L. Keith’ Halletts III. iv. 80 Her own appetite was keener set than usual.
1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 22 I knew she [a lioness] must be pretty keen set.
76.
a. To adjust (the teeth of a saw) by deflecting them alternately in opposite directions so as to produce a kerf of the required width. Also to set a saw.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > adjust (teeth of saw)
set1678
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. v. 94 Then with the Saw wrest..they set the Teeth of the Saw.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iv. 84 Having your impatience soothed by the setting of a saw, close at your ear.
1845 P. Barlow Manuf. in Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 382/1 In sawing valuable timber the teeth are not turned out so much (or as the workmen term it, set so rank) as for coarse cheap stuff.
b. To adjust (the blade of a plane in relation to the sole) in order to vary the depth of cut.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > adjust (blade of plane)
set1678
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iv. 63 When you set the Iron of the Fore-Plain, consider the Stuff you are to work upon.
1857–9 E. L. Tarbuck Encycl. Pract. Carpentry & Joinery i. iii. 26 The projection of the plane iron may be very nicely regulated, or set, rank, or fine, that is projecting from the face in a greater or less degree.
1938 C. H. Hayward Carpentry Bk. i. 27 When a piece of wood with a difficult grain has to be planed, the back-iron is advanced and the plane set as fine as possible.
77. To tune (an instrument). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)]
temperc1300
set?1473
tune1505
entune1523
modulatec1570
retune1606
to tune upa1718
attune1728
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 161v Orpheus setted & entuned his harpe.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 714/1 I set in tune, as mynstrelles do their instrumentes of musyke.
1590 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons B 3 I doubt not..we shall haue a Cornelius to set these instruments in better tune.
78. †To tenter (cloth); to stretch (leather).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > stretch > on tenters
tent1377
tenter1437
set1473
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > stretch or smooth hides or leather
beam1605
stake1686
frizz1697
strike1764
seta1884
snuff1897
1473 in R. Arnold Chron. (c1503) f. xxvijv/1 The fullyng teynteryng or settyng and sheryng of wullen cloth..teyntered sett and drawen out in lengenth & brede.
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 797/1 To set a side of leather, it is spread upon the table when wet, and is smoothed out on it.
1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 217 It is well to have a tub of water by the side of the stuffing table, and dip in each side to soften it before proceeding to set the same.
79. To put (a broken or dislocated bone) in a position adapted to the restoration of the normal condition. Also intransitive said of the bone.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > set bones or dislocations
reduce?a1425
set1572
to set together1578
to set to1598
counter-extend1656
the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > process of healing of an injury, etc. > of injury, etc.: heal [verb (intransitive)] > of bone: set
set1891
1572 in J. Gage Hist. & Antiq. Hengrave, Suffolk (1822) 192 To Adkyns of Bury, surgon for setting of ij dogges legs.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. iv. sig. Q2v Gynecia..had her shoulder put out of ioinct; which though..it was set well againe [etc.].
1672 R. Wiseman Treat. Wounds ii. 71 It was doubted, whether the Bone was Set or not. A Bone Setter was sent for.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 41 The new Man has broke his Leg, which is so ill set, that he can never dance more.
1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Writings (1892) I. 100 A dislocated wrist, unsuccessfully set.
1887 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 682/1 Accurate apposition is termed ‘setting the fracture’; this is best done by the extension of the limb and coaptation of the broken surfaces.
1891 Field 14 Nov. 761/2 Dogs' bones soon set.
figurative.a1591 H. Smith Serm. (1592) 430 Pride doth breake the peace, humilitie doth set it againe.1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 65 When a kingdome is broken just in the neck joynt,..ropes and hatchets are not the kindliest instruments to set it.
80. To pleat (a ruff); to arrange the pleats of (a gown). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > other
fur13..
buttonc1380
lashc1440
pointa1470
set1530
tuft1535
vent1547
ruff1548
spangle1548
string1548
superbody1552
to pull out1553
quilt1555
flute1578
seam1590
seed1604
overtrim1622
ruffle1625
tag1627
furbelow1701
tuck1709
flounce1711
pipe1841
skirt1848
ruche1855
pouch1897
panel1901
stag1902
create1908
pin-fit1926
ease1932
pre-board1940
post-board1963
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing clothes and textile articles > wash clothes [verb (transitive)] > press or iron
set1530
press1555
pote1600
poke1606
smooth1617
iron?1670
goffer1706
steel1746
goose1808
streak1823
flat-iron1865
fuller1880
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 710/2 I set a gowne, I put the playtes of it in order... I can nat sette a gowne, I was never no taylour.
a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye ii. xxxxiv, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 534 They set their ruffes, thei ruffle up theire heare.
1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. iii. vii. 66 His linnen collar Labyrinthian-set.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Godronner vne fraise, to set a ruffe.
81.
a. To adjust (one's attire, the hair). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > specific hair, clothing, etc.
set1303
adjust1700
order1875
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > adjust or arrange
set1303
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 3206 Be nat proud of þy croket Yn þe cherche to tyfe and set.
1694 J. Dryden Love Triumphant Ded. sig. A4 Combing his Peruke, and setting his Cravat.
1695 W. Congreve Love for Love v. i. 76 He's at the great Glass in the Dining-Room..setting his Cravat and Wig.
1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) i. 9 These set the Head, and those divide the Hair.
1722 R. Steele Conscious Lovers i. ii Such an Author consulted in a Morning, sets the Spirits for the Vicissitudes of the Day, better than the Glass does a Mans Person.]
b. To arrange and fix (the hair) when damp so that it dries in the desired style; occasionally, to fix a hair-style by other means.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > set
set1926
1926 Hairdressing 10 Sept. 241/1 This can only be done by superior work; namely, excellent setting of the finished permanent.
1932 Mod. Woman Feb. 72/1 A perfectly easy method of keeping your hair perfectly waved, set and curled at home.
1932 Mod. Woman 26 Mar. 1130 I'll set your wave.
1957 V. J. Kehoe Technique Film & Television Make-up xv. 214 Hair lacquer or spray..is used for setting the hair in place after it has been dressed.
1967 N. Freeling Strike Out 10 Ash~blonde hair cut fairly short and set every week in Leiden.
1976 C. Bermant Coming Home i. vii. 105 Her hair was always smartly set.
82.
a. Weaving. To fix the texture of (a fabric). In first quot. passive, of a tartan: To have a pattern of a certain kind (cf. set n.1 15b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > variegation > chequered pattern > chequered [verb (intransitive)] > tartan pattern
setc1686
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from wool > [verb (intransitive)] > have pattern of specific kind
setc1686
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > weave > fix texture of fabric
set1839
c1686 Depredations Clan Campbell (1816) 114 Item, ane new colored womans wearing plaid, most sett to boday red. Item, ane gray broken plaid, sett most to the green.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1056 A thorough knowledge of the adaptation of yarn of a proper degree of fineness to any given measure of reed... The art of performing this properly is known by the names of examining, setting, or sleying.
1891 Yorksh. Coll. Textile Soc. Jrnl. 1 129 By the sett of a fabric is meant the number of threads it contains in a given space. There are a great many things to be considered in setting any fabric.
b. Knitting. To fix the form of, by dividing the stitches on the knitting-needles in a certain way.
ΚΠ
1888 J. Andrews Only Year & what it Brought 84 Martha stopped to set the heel of her stocking.
83. To arrange (a butterfly, etc.) as an entomological specimen. (Cf. to set up at Phrasal verbs 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > zoology > study of specific types of animal > [verb (transitive)] > insects > arrange as a specimen
stick1827
set1869
1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 317 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV In setting long-legged specimens, a square piece of stiff paper or card should be pushed upon the pins under the insect.
1892 Field 18 June 904/1Setting’ the insects, which means the spreading of specimens on blocks of cork or wood to dry.
84. To give the requisite adjustment, alignment, or shape to (a mechanical contrivance, an instrument, etc.). (Cf. set n.1 33.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > adapt or adjust [verb (transitive)] > adjust for accuracy
rectify?a1560
regulate1665
tune1814
true1838
truth1874
set1879
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 413/2 The rough-maker..smoothes off all the sharp edges and ‘sets’ them, i.e., bends them into graceful and uniform shape over a block.
1881 J. W. Burgess Pract. Treat. Coach-building 78 Setting axles is giving them the bend and slope required.
1886 Ld. Walsingham & R. Payne-Gallwey Shooting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) I. 70 The next process is to ‘set’ or straighten the barrel inside.
1898 H. R. Haggard Farmer's Year (1899) 222 Being able to ‘set’ a wheel better than anyone about here.
**** To adjust according to a standard.
85.
a. To regulate, adjust by a standard; esp. to put (a clock, etc.) right.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set
setc1400
temper1538
roll1583
rule1595
winda1616
to wind upa1616
to set forwarda1627
to set back1635
regulate1665
to put back1704
to put forward1741
to put on1826
time1873
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > adapt or adjust [verb (transitive)] > adjust for accuracy > by a standard
setc1400
c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §3. 17 To haue sette Iustly a clokke.
a1642 J. Suckling Lett. Divers Eminent Personages 92 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) In Court, they..determine his [sc. the king's] good by his desires: which is a kind of setting the Sun by the Dial.
1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. xv. sig. Ff8v A little Sun-Dyal, furnished with an excited Needle to direct how to Set it.
a1721 M. Prior Ess. Opinion in Wks. (1907) 196 Quare [a clock maker] does not set his Watch more actually than Mathar does his understanding.
1763 Philos. Trans. 1762 (Royal Soc.) 52 579 The 16th, at noon, I sat a pendulum-clock..to solar time.
a1777 S. Foote Nabob (1778) i. 21 To set his watch by Tompion's clock in the Hall.
1844 T. Hood Workhouse Clock 8 The Overseer of the Poor Is setting the Workhouse Clock.
1850 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 11 ii. 397 We watch vainly every cloud and in vain set our weather-glass.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iv. 78 The Tally-ho [coach] was a tip-top goer..and so punctual, that all the road set their clocks by her.
b. with immaterial object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > adapt or adjust [verb (transitive)] > bring into conformity > adjust to a standard or purpose > adjust by a standard
square1531
set1693
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §14 (1699) 19 The Seasoning and Cookery which by Custom they [sc. our palates] are set to.
1693 M. Prior To Charles Montague iii Pleas'd, when his Reason He deceives; And sets his Judgment by his Passion.
1718 M. Prior Alma i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 322 He..sets Men's Faith by His Opinions.
86. To fix the amount of (a fine or other payment), put down at a certain amount.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > pricing > attach a price to [verb (transitive)] > set or fix price (of)
loveOE
prizea1325
setc1420
make1423
cheapa1464
price1471
ratify1511
to set up?1529
apprize1533
rate1599
to set down1599
pitch1624
tax1846
to charge1889
sale-price1959
c1420 in 26 Pol. Poems 76 And þou nylt ȝeue it [sc. love] me..; Sette pris to selle it.
1521 Maldon (Essex) Liber B 57 Truly affur and sett al maner of mercyaments made.
1525 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. II. 24 To set his raunsom at a somme of money reasonable.
1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 7 To set the prices of all kinde of wynes.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xx. 71 He payd for all that he bought at the price the sellers would set.
1692 J. Locke Some Considerations Lowering Interest 6 The Rate you set, profits not the Lenders, and very few of the Borrowers.
1692 J. Locke Some Considerations Lowering Interest 6 But that Law cannot keep men from taking more Use than you set.
1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Cicero in Plutarch Lives ⁋13 Verres being thus condemned, Cicero set his fine at 750,000 drachmæ.
1980 M. Boddy Building Societies iv. 46 The composite rate [of tax paid by building societies] was set at 79·3 per cent of the basic rate (then 35 per cent), i.e. 27·75 per cent.
VII. To place mentally; to suppose, estimate.
87. To posit, assume, suppose. set the case (see case n.1 Phrases 5a), chiefly in imperative or present participle as equivalent to a conjunction = suppose, supposing.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > supposition, surmise > taking for granted, presumption > assume, presuppose [verb (transitive)] > as basis for argument
seta1340
supposec1350
posec1385
putc1390
to put (also set) the casec1405
suppositionc1449
demit1556
suppose1594
s'pose1632
case1647
feign1688
posit1697
postulate1705
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxii. 4 Gret vertu is in man when he dredis na ill þat may fall for he settis þe werst.
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 367 I sette þe worste þat ye dredden þis Men wolden wondren to se hym come or gon.
c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus ⁋525 Yet sette I caas, ye have bothe might and licence for to venge yow.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) iv. 10 I sette cas, þat a thefe make an hole in a hous.
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxxiiiiv I sette nowe the hardest.
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iv. sig. Tt.iii Setting case therefore this to be so.
1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon Cyrupædia 129 Set case..that a man should make so much of those dogs which you keepe.
1659 J. Bunyan Doctr. Law & Grace Unfolded 340 Set the case that there be two men who make a covenant.
1726 G. Shelvocke tr. Imperial Comm. in Voy. round World Pref. p. x Setting the case I had not their interest at heart, yet it was for my interest to support theirs.
88.
a. To place mentally or conceptually in a certain category; †to regard as being (so-and-so); to consider (a thing) to reside in or to depend on (another); †to attribute to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assign to a cause [verb (transitive)]
titleOE
aretc1340
witena1375
witnea1375
reta1382
depute1382
wite1382
seta1387
layc1425
expoundc1430
imputec1480
attribue1481
assign1489
reckon1526
attribute1530
count1535
allot?1556
draw1578
object1613
prefer1628
entitle1629
implya1641
to score (something) on1645
intitule1651
put1722
to put down1723
charge1737
own1740
place1802
to set down1822
affiliate1823
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 81 Hircanus, for he was ȝong, was i-sette laste of þe wise men.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 8 Quere-so-euer I Iugged gemmez gaye, I sette hyr sengely in synglure.
1423 Kingis Quair v This noble man, That in him-self the full recouer wan Off his Infortune, pouert, and distresse, And in tham set his verray sekernesse.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1278 Allas! þat evir a man shuld..Set [ten] al his wisdom, on his wyvis tayll!
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 826 That wes mar To myrakill of god almychty; And to nocht ellis it set can I.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvi. 111 Euerye man settis his felicite to distroy his nychtbour.
1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 240 He alwayes setteth his end in thinges which he must have.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies i. xiv. 46 They set Tharsis in Affrike, saying, it was the same Citie which was anciently called Carthage.
1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ iv. 209 The want of skill may make Caradoc set his Gildas elder than he ought to have done.
1870 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Gleanings 2nd Ser. 21 Tradition sets Wiklif's birth in the year 1324.
b. To place (a person or thing) before or after another in estimation. Now poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > view in a certain way > place before or after
setc1383
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > view in a certain way
findOE
telllOE
to take for ——a1393
receivec1400
notec1440
reputec1475
esteem1532
read1591
estimate1609
relish1617
set1648
resent1649
view1715
contemplate1785
c1383 in Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. (1911) 747 Religiouse possessioneris..shulden sette before [L. preferrent] þe comaundementis of god.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 99 Þat þe manere and þe usage of al holy chirche of Grees, of Italy, of Rome, of Gallia, and of Fraunce, schulde be i-sette to~fȯre þe manere and custom..of a corner of þe worlde.
c1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 2475 So þat þai set non erthly þing Be-for þe luf of crist.
1639 E. Chilmead tr. R. Hues Learned Treat. Globes Pref. sig. B8v Those Globes..may justly bee preferred before all other that have beene set forth before them.
1648 J. Milton To H. Lawes in H. Lawes Choice Psalmes sig. av Dantè shall give Fame leave to set thee higher Then his Casella.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1375 Venturing to displease God for the fear of Man, and Man prefer, Set God behind. View more context for this quotation
1734 A. Pope Epist. to Visct. Cobham 6 And always set the Gem above the Flow'r.
89.
a. To fix the value of (a thing) at so much. Obsolete or archaic.Cf. the reverse construction in sense 43.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > be valued at [verb (transitive)] > set value on
praisea1325
extendc1330
appraise1424
value1434
value1439
setc1460
valure1487
appreciate1512
rate1555
estimate1611
put1755
c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1885) x. 131 That [sc. salt] is now sett to so grete prise, þat the bushell, wich the kyng bieth ffor iijd or iiijd, is solde to his peple ffor ijs and a jd.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 712/1 I sette my horse at foure pounde..How moche set you his plate at?
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xxvi. 145 [The women] beyng once set at a price none could marry them, except they first payde the pryce.
1616 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 104 Yf the Hollanders set pepper at that rate, they sell other comodetis at a hier.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 34 At the times of the faires, Coaches are set dearer then any time els.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables clxx. 142 Well..and what's the Price of that Juno there? The Carver set That a little Higher.
1713 A. Pope Corr. 8 Dec. (1956) I. 200 I cannot set his Delivery from Purgatory at less than Fifty Pounds sterling.
figurative.1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. iii. 300 There shall no statue of such price be set, As that of Romeos loued Iuliet. View more context for this quotation1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iii. 122 Set your intreatments at a higher rate Then a commaund to parle. View more context for this quotation1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη xvii. 170 Setting Peace at as high a rate, as the worst effects of War.
b. Hence in idiomatic phr. connoting disesteem or depreciation: to set at naught or nought (see nought pron. 5), to set at little, to set at the least, to set at nothing; to set at a pease, at a pie's heel, at a pin's fee; to set at no price, store or value.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)]
forhowc900
overhowOE
withhuheOE
forhecchec1230
scorna1275
despise1297
spise13..
to set at a pease, at a pie's heel, at a pin's fee1303
to hold, have scorn at, ofc1320
to think scorn ofc1320
to set short by1377
to tell short of1377
to set naught or nought (nothing, not anything) by1390
spitea1400
contemnc1425
nought1440
overlooka1450
mainprizec1450
lightly1451
vilipendc1470
indeign1483
misprize1483
dain?1518
to look down on (also upon)1539
floccipend1548
contempta1555
to take scorn ata1566
embase1577
sdeign1590
disesteem1594
vilify1599
to set lightly, coldly1604
disrepute1611
to hold cheapa1616
avile1616
floccify1623
meprize1633
to think (also believe, etc.) meanly of1642
publican1648
naucify1653
disesteem1659
invalue1673
to set light, at light1718
sneeze1806
sniff1837
derry1896
to hold no brief for1918
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > be unimportant [verb (transitive)] > make less important or unimportant
to set at a pease, at a pie's heel, at a pin's fee1303
mincea1591
to make no matter of1604
triflea1616
to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)1632
pygmy1658
insignificate1676
minify1676
smooth1684
trivialize1846
nonentitize1903
minoritize1947
sideline1953
peripheralize1955
marginalize1970
marginate1970
deprioritize1973
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 3013 And he þat ys vnbuxum al Aȝens hys fadyr spiritual, And setteþ hym ryȝt at þe leste.
1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 7774 Þe mayster fend..sette at noȝt þat he hadde tolde.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B vi. 171 Lete liȝte of þe lawe..And sette Pieres at a pees.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B vii. 194 I sette ȝoure patentes..at one pies hele!
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xxv. 34 Esau swere,..& ȝede forþ, setting att nouȝt þat he hadde ysolde þe riȝtez of his firste getyng.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 602 Al the worlde he sette at noo value.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 14459 Alle þat.. þe iewes sette atte noȝt.
1413 in 26 Pol. Poems 51 Þouȝ all here gold were hider brouȝt, I wolde set hit at lytel store.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxxii. 144 All erthely thingez þai sette at noȝt.
c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. xi To sette all þinges at no price for þe.
1488 Rolls of Parl. VI. 413/2 Unreverently sette theym at litill or nought.
a1500 R. Rolle Psalter ix. 33 Halymen sall be despisid than and sett att noght.
1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces iii. sig. T.6 What shal I say of them that setteth all honest & iust thinges at nauȝt?
1568 Ballad against Evil Women in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 32 That settis at nocht god Nor manis blame.
a1599 E. Spenser Canto Mutabilitie vi. xliv, in Faerie Queene (1609) sig. Hh6 Shee had..Long lov'd the Fanchin, who by nought did set her.
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iv. 46 I do not set my life at a pinnes fee.
1637 J. Milton Comus 16 The huntresse Dian..Set at nought The frivolous bolt of Cupid.
1649 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Use of Passions 203 He then sets at nothing what he so much esteemed.
a1720 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iv. 247 The protector..would have given him audience, had not others set him at nought.
1850 J. B. Marsden Hist. Early Puritans (1853) 40 Had she not set at nought the wishes of such men as Jewel, Grindal, Horn, and Parker.
1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. viii. 238 Canonical custom is set at naught.
1895 S. Tyler Kincaid's Widow xii She was set at nocht and sair hadden down, puir creature.
c. to set light, at light (see light adj.1 and n.2 Phrases 1), to set lightly, coldly. (Cf. 91e, 18f.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)]
forhowc900
overhowOE
withhuheOE
forhecchec1230
scorna1275
despise1297
spise13..
to set at a pease, at a pie's heel, at a pin's fee1303
to hold, have scorn at, ofc1320
to think scorn ofc1320
to set short by1377
to tell short of1377
to set naught or nought (nothing, not anything) by1390
spitea1400
contemnc1425
nought1440
overlooka1450
mainprizec1450
lightly1451
vilipendc1470
indeign1483
misprize1483
dain?1518
to look down on (also upon)1539
floccipend1548
contempta1555
to take scorn ata1566
embase1577
sdeign1590
disesteem1594
vilify1599
to set lightly, coldly1604
disrepute1611
to hold cheapa1616
avile1616
floccify1623
meprize1633
to think (also believe, etc.) meanly of1642
publican1648
naucify1653
disesteem1659
invalue1673
to set light, at light1718
sneeze1806
sniff1837
derry1896
to hold no brief for1918
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. iii. 64 Thou mayst not coldly set Our soueraigne processe. View more context for this quotation
1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 149 Wee'll not disgrace your Realm, nor lightly set Your Fame.
1718 F. Hutchinson Hist. Ess. conc. Witchcraft vii. 104 He set them light [1720 set them at light].
d. To estimate the amount of at so much.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > increase (prices) > estimate amount of increase at
set1863
1863 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 24 i. 21 The yearly increase..is set at about 8s. per acre.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxiii. 599 We cannot set the increase at less than 100 per cent.
90. To assess (a person) at so much. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > levy (a tax) [verb (transitive)] > fix amount of tax > fix amount due from (a person or people)
stend1402
stentc1440
sess1475
assess1495
set1521
censea1719
1521 Maldon (Essex) Liber B 57 Set every man after the quantyte of the trespace.
c1537 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 47 Like as all other brethern of the seid felaweship were and be set at.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Addicion Duicensus, he that is sette with an other to pay money for a taxe.
1557 in Marwick Edinb. Guilds (1909) 89 Prouyding always thai pay the sowmes to the quhilk thai were sett.
1607 in W. H. Hale Precedents in Causes of Office against Churchwardens (1841) 9 And so shall sett every parishoner proportionably.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings xii. 4 The money that every man is set at. View more context for this quotation
1843 T. B. Macaulay John Hampden in Crit. & Hist. Ess. I. 453 The sheriff was blamed for setting so wealthy a man at so low a rate.
91. To have (a certain estimate) of a person or thing: in idiomatic phrases expressing high or low regard, great or little esteem, for a person or thing.Here the construction is the reverse of that of 93b.
a. to set (so) little (or †lite), (so) much (or mickle, a great deal), less, least, more, most by. Obsolete exc. archaic or dialect.Originally substantival or pronominal, little, much, etc. were capable of being taken as adverbial; whence the substitution of adverbs of equivalent meaning (see 18f).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [phrase] > value at specific rate
to set (so) little (or lite), (so) much (or mickle, a great deal), less, least, more, most byc1374
to set at (much, little) storec1386
to set (great, etc.) store byc1386
to set little, more, nought, not, of1390
to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395
accounta1450
to set greatly, littly, lightly, so, etc. by1530
to conceive well, ill, etc. (of)1535
count1602
to set —— value on also upon1625
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 432 I se ful wel þat ye sette lite of vs Or of oure deth.
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 109 Þey sette more by here lawes..þan þey dude by þe lawe þat God ȝaf to hem.
c1380 Antecrist in J. H. Todd Three Treat. Wycklyffe (1851) 151 And more þei shal be sett by and wurshiped.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 26997 Litel he sette be his life.
14.. Why I can't be a Nun 220 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 144 But alle..set not by her nether most ne lest.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 32 Tynsale of the body..that is lytill to sett by.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 31v Howe moche the Persians..set by shotinge.
1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 4 What set that Conqueror, by their Salique Lawes.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 9 Mar. (1972) VI. 53 He did..give me one of Lillys grammer..which I shall much set by.
1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 23 A pretious soul was no more set-by by them.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 173 He was sure I should set more by it, than the richest Diamond in the World.
1785 B. Tupper in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) IV. 118 A visit, which I shall set more by than the interest I possess in Massachusetts.
1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. i. 208 God knows how hard it is to help setting a good deal by one's children.
1894 Advance (Chicago) 5 Apr. A man much set-by.
b. to set naught or nought (nothing, not anything) by: to have no esteem or regard for. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)]
forhowc900
overhowOE
withhuheOE
forhecchec1230
scorna1275
despise1297
spise13..
to set at a pease, at a pie's heel, at a pin's fee1303
to hold, have scorn at, ofc1320
to think scorn ofc1320
to set short by1377
to tell short of1377
to set naught or nought (nothing, not anything) by1390
spitea1400
contemnc1425
nought1440
overlooka1450
mainprizec1450
lightly1451
vilipendc1470
indeign1483
misprize1483
dain?1518
to look down on (also upon)1539
floccipend1548
contempta1555
to take scorn ata1566
embase1577
sdeign1590
disesteem1594
vilify1599
to set lightly, coldly1604
disrepute1611
to hold cheapa1616
avile1616
floccify1623
meprize1633
to think (also believe, etc.) meanly of1642
publican1648
naucify1653
disesteem1659
invalue1673
to set light, at light1718
sneeze1806
sniff1837
derry1896
to hold no brief for1918
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 348 Bot noght forthi Mi will hath nothing set therby.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 23860 In hert to halde hit as a horde & noȝt to sette be goddis worde [Vesp. Quen noght es mad o crists word].
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxxviii. 331 By the myghty lord of this yle he setteth nought by.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) l. 73 Mocked & scorned & nought set by.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) John iv. 44 A prophet is nothinge set by at home.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Heb. xii. 1–6 By despisyng and settyng naught by worldly reproche.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales i. v. 8 The souldyers..set nought by all military discipline.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 189 I thinke you set nothing by a bloody Coxecombe. View more context for this quotation
absolute.c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 7 And suppos jt be sum part subtile to vnderstand, settis nocht by.
c. By substitution of not for nought, and by extension of the idiom to negative expressions generally, set by came to be equivalent to ‘esteem, regard’, and, by elimination of the negative, to ‘esteem or value highly, think or make much of’. Obsolete exc. archaic or dialect.Formerly to set not by sometimes = to have no scruples about.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)]
haveeOE
weenc1000
praisec1250
setc1374
set by1393
endaunt1399
prizec1400
reverencec1400
tender1439
repute1445
to have (also make, take) regard to or that1457
to take, make, set (no) count of (upon, by)c1475
pricec1480
to make (great, etc.) account (also count, esteem, estimation, reckoning, regard, store) of1483
force1509
to look upon ——c1515
to have (also hold) in estimationc1522
to make reckoning of1525
esteem1530
regard1533
to tell, make, hold, set (great, little, no) store of1540
value1549
to make dainty of (anything)1555
reckon1576
to be struck on1602
agrade1611
respect1613
beteem1627
appreciate1648
to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon1665
to think small beer of1816
to think the world of1826
existimate1847
reckon1919
rate1973
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (transitive)] > attach importance to
weigh?c1225
chargec1320
set by1393
to attribute (much)1586
to stand upon ——1587
moment1598
to lay weight upon1600
reflecta1616
to take (large etc.) stock in (rarely of)1870
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. x. 302 Men setten nat by songewarie.
a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS 692/10 Now is þe selue I-set not by.
c1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 459 Þai wil set bi no man saw.
c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 2 Avowtre ne lechory men set not by.
1467 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 335 Thei set not be a woman as thei shuld set be a man.
a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1152 The kyng of Aragon sett her bye.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 2006 in Poems (1981) 77 To beir ȝour office than wald I not set by.
a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 208 Quhat man settis by the?
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xi. iv. 98 Onlesum war syk plesour I set by.
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer i. sig. Hijv They do not onelye not sett by letters, but they rather abhorre them.
a1659 R. Brownrig 65 Serm. (1674) I. iv. 57 Men set by good servants.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Northampt. 291 Set by and extolled.
1664 S. Pepys Diary 20 Jan. (1971) V. 20 Mr Pierce..tells me that my Lady Castlemaine is not at all set by by the King.
1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. ix. 135 Wite folks aint sot by half ez much.
d. to set (no, more, etc.) store or †price by: see price n. 4a, store n.
e. to set light by see light adj.1 and n.2 Phrases 1. Also to set short by. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)]
forhowc900
overhowOE
withhuheOE
forhecchec1230
scorna1275
despise1297
spise13..
to set at a pease, at a pie's heel, at a pin's fee1303
to hold, have scorn at, ofc1320
to think scorn ofc1320
to set short by1377
to tell short of1377
to set naught or nought (nothing, not anything) by1390
spitea1400
contemnc1425
nought1440
overlooka1450
mainprizec1450
lightly1451
vilipendc1470
indeign1483
misprize1483
dain?1518
to look down on (also upon)1539
floccipend1548
contempta1555
to take scorn ata1566
embase1577
sdeign1590
disesteem1594
vilify1599
to set lightly, coldly1604
disrepute1611
to hold cheapa1616
avile1616
floccify1623
meprize1633
to think (also believe, etc.) meanly of1642
publican1648
naucify1653
disesteem1659
invalue1673
to set light, at light1718
sneeze1806
sniff1837
derry1896
to hold no brief for1918
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xi. 2 Scripture scorned me..and liȝte by me she sette.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 124 No clergie to dispise, Ne sette schort be here science.
c1460 Wisdom 927 in Macro Plays 66 Why werkyst þou hys consell? by myn settis lyght?
1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 129 Such smal matters were not of good Christians light sett by.
1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 132 We ought not to set light by that knowledge of it [sc. the soul] which wee may attaine vnto.
1633 S. Marmion Fine Compan. iii. v. F 3 She set as light by me, as by the least feather in her Fanne.
1771 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) V. 317 It is no other than betraying him..to set light by any part of his law.
1816 W. Scott Old Mortality x, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 226 I am a fool..to set light by that which Heaven has so often preserved.
f. to set greatly, littly, lightly, so, etc. by. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [phrase] > value at specific rate
to set (so) little (or lite), (so) much (or mickle, a great deal), less, least, more, most byc1374
to set at (much, little) storec1386
to set (great, etc.) store byc1386
to set little, more, nought, not, of1390
to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395
accounta1450
to set greatly, littly, lightly, so, etc. by1530
to conceive well, ill, etc. (of)1535
count1602
to set —— value on also upon1625
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/1 The man is hyghely sette by in our countraye.
1537 tr. Original & Sprynge All Sectes 28 Hitherto haue they ben in estimacion & greatly set by.
1577 T. Kendall tr. Politianus et al. Flowers of Epigrammes f. 30 No man that setts so by hym self, can please the Lorde a right.
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus To Rdr. Things lightly come by are lightly set by.
1729 Bp. J. Butler Serm. xv. (1862) 209 That in all lowliness of mind we set lightly by ourselves.
1809–10 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1818) I. 104 To set lightly by the emancipation of the human reason.
g. In negative context, with a noun as object connoting a negligible or contemptible quantity. to set not a cherry, curse, a fly, a haw, a mite, an onion, (etc.) at, by, of: see also the nouns.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > hold in contempt [verb (transitive)] > utterly
to set not a cherry, curse, a fly, a haw, a mite, an onion, (etc.) at, by, ofc1374
not to set at a glovec1430
not to care (three skips of) a lousea1592
to have no use for1596
to have no (a lot of, etc.) time for1901
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 900 I nolde setten at his sorwe a myte.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 568 Of peramours he sette noght a kers.
1406 T. Hoccleve La Male Regle 380 For by hem two, he settith nat an hawe.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xix. 442 I shall not sette a rotyn appull for all the power of Charlemagne.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 86 Lat ws..sett nocht by this warld a chirry.
a1525 Vergilius in W. J. Thoms Early Eng. Prose Romances (1858) (Rtldg.) 223 The roffyans set nat a poynt.
1569 W. Wager Longer thou Liuest sig. F.ivv By honest men he setteth not an Oynion.
h. In various constructions, with prepositions other than by.to set little, more, nought, not, of; to set a (great, little) price, rate, store upon; to set no price, littly at; †to set light of, before; †to set little, nought to; etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [phrase] > value at specific rate
to set (so) little (or lite), (so) much (or mickle, a great deal), less, least, more, most byc1374
to set at (much, little) storec1386
to set (great, etc.) store byc1386
to set little, more, nought, not, of1390
to make much (also little, nothing, too much, etc.) of (or on)c1395
accounta1450
to set greatly, littly, lightly, so, etc. by1530
to conceive well, ill, etc. (of)1535
count1602
to set —— value on also upon1625
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 211 I sette noght of his beyete.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. ix. 139 Men that lytill bethe sette of.
1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. xix. 146 Men sholde sette lytillie at this goodis.
c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 1717 Set not of youre Barons so light.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1386 Sith he, of my wordis, so litil prise set.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 2838 To save hir lyvis, & set nat of hir los.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur v. ii. 162 Of his demaunde and commaundement I sette nothyng.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. v. 18 They setted not of mete and drynke.
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxvi How shulde ye lady sette prise on so foule fylthe?
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 194 We set but light of the matter.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxiii. xii. 483 Disdaining and setting light by any other bathing-vessels.
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 126 Doe you not see what fained prices are set vpon little stones, and rarities.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. Ep. Ded. sig. A 3v What a high Value was set upon the Widdowes Mite.
a1642 J. Suckling Brennoralt (1646) iii. i. 34 The world does set great rates upon you.
1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 240 Thereby the words of the Scripture may be extenuated and set light of.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. x. 42 By comparison to the rate that each man setteth on himselfe.
1688 Lett. conc. Pres. St. Italy 79 Nor would it have been set on so much by their Holy Patriarchs.
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xvi. 316 Where be these dog-priests now,..who set such price on their ghostly mummery?
1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) xx. 396 The grounds upon which so great store has ever been set upon colonial possessions.
1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost iv. 105 They are continually showing that they set small price on the Eternal God.
1891 F. W. Robinson Her Love & his Life III. vii. iv. 262 He did not set any value on his own life.
i. To care (so much) for. Also intransitive. (Not) to care for. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > [verb (transitive)]
haveeOE
weenc1000
praisec1250
setc1374
set by1393
endaunt1399
prizec1400
reverencec1400
tender1439
repute1445
to have (also make, take) regard to or that1457
to take, make, set (no) count of (upon, by)c1475
pricec1480
to make (great, etc.) account (also count, esteem, estimation, reckoning, regard, store) of1483
force1509
to look upon ——c1515
to have (also hold) in estimationc1522
to make reckoning of1525
esteem1530
regard1533
to tell, make, hold, set (great, little, no) store of1540
value1549
to make dainty of (anything)1555
reckon1576
to be struck on1602
agrade1611
respect1613
beteem1627
appreciate1648
to put, set (an) esteem, a high, low esteem upon1665
to think small beer of1816
to think the world of1826
existimate1847
reckon1919
rate1973
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 832 Yf to lose his Ioye he set a myte Than semeth it þat Ioye is worth but lyte.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 219 Ane vnworthy lymmare, yat settis nocht for honour bot for pillery.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5002 Yf þou set noght our saghe.
VIII. To put or come into a settled or rigid position or state.
92.
a. passive. To be resolved or determined; to have a settled purpose. Chiefly const. infinitive. Now usually in sense ‘likely, about (to)’. Also (Journalistic) const. for followed by n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > be resolved or decided [verb (passive)]
appointc1374
seta1400
prefix1560
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17332 Mi-self es sett to wrek þe wrang.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 42 Þerfore to telle you I am set,..what herbȝ..Ben gode to potage.
c1480 (a1400) St. Vincent 403 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 270 [S. Vincent] til ples god wes mar sete, þane ocht þat wes in þe markete.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 324 Thai ar set till wndo all thi kyn.
1525 Abp. Warham in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. II. 10 Seeing almoste al the people obstinatly sett not to graunte to the request.
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. iii. sig. Fivv I am at a poynte, or my mynde is fully sette.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. v. sig. Ll5v But my hart is already set.. to lead a virgins life to my death.
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 256 She was wayward, disdainful, and set to contradict.
1757 in J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde (1881) xii. 359 All your neighbours are sett to be upon you.
1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. i. 2 If on our daily course our mind Be set to hallow all we find.
1890 Harper's Mag. Aug. 407/2 Mamma was completely set in her own mind that we must go to the south.
1976 Daily Tel. 30 Nov. 1/6 Electricity prices are set to go up again on New Year's Day.
1978 Sunday Tel. 10 Dec. 1 (heading) Callaghan set for showdown with Benn.
1979 Daily Tel. 28 Feb. 2/6 The Inner City partnerships outside London seem set for increases above the average.
1982 Times 16 Oct. 9/6 The armchair moralists of Academe..are now set to carp about the sinking of the Belgrano.
b. intransitive. To resolve. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb (intransitive)]
choosec1320
definec1374
to take advisementa1393
appointc1440
conclude1452
to come to (an) anchor?1473
deliber1485
determine1509
resolvea1528
rest1530
deliberate1550
point1560
decide1572
to set (up) one's rest1572
to set down one's rest1578
to make account1583
to fix the staff1584
to take a party1585
fadge1592
set1638
determinate1639
pitch1666
devise1714
pre-resolve1760
settle1782
to make up one's mind1859
1638 Earl of Manchester in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 280 The King hath set to be at Hinchenbrook to bed the 27th of March.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 161 Could not God then make the world, when he set with himself that he would do it?
c. transitive. To make (a resolution). rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide upon [verb (transitive)] > make (a resolution)
seize1618
set1771
1771 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) V. 100 If he does but once set a resolution.
93.
a. passive. To have one's mind or will fixed upon something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > be determined on [verb]
willa1387
set1390
to be bentc1400
to stand on?1440
to sit fast upon (something)1565
consist1588
to stick out1837
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 301 He was upon pacience So sett.
c1400 Balade of Pite 100 I am sette on yowe in suche manere Þat..I moste you loue.
c1400 Rom. Rose 4829 They are so sette Vpon delite to pley in feere.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xviii. 698/1 If she be..so obstinate, and so precisely set vpon her owne will.
1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1201 When I perceiv'd all set on enmity. View more context for this quotation
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxx. 110 I am so set upon it, that I am not to be persuaded.
1890 Universal Rev. Mar. 457 Cap'n Prust's as set as never was on little Dot.
1893 Chambers's Jrnl. 28 Jan. 58/2 Isabell is always set on the news.
b. To have a specified disposition or inclination to be (so) disposed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > wish or be disposed or inclined [verb]
willeOE
listc1200
to be of (also in) (a) minda1325
to will well that1340
likea1375
to find in one's hearta1393
to have a minda1400
pleasec1450
set1470
to have a mind1530
care1560
fadge1592
please1611
choose1622
offer1639
to feel like1808
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. lxxxviii. 570 Whanne syre launcelot wyste how his kynnesmen were sette.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. ix. 58 Bot he..was nocht to Priame sa hard set.
?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.i She is as softe as a lamme yf one do her meue And lyke to ye deuyll wan a man dothe her greue So well is she sette.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 148 The commissioneris told how the Marques and brughe of Abirdene wes peciablie set.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 598 Were he ever so wickedly set.
c. Psychology. To predispose (a person or other organism) to a given response; usually passive. Also intransitive for passive. Cf. set n.1 12.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > be disposed or inclined to [verb (transitive)] > predispose a person to something
inclinec1350
wrestc1374
wring1528
poise1586
preponderate1642
set1909
1909 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 20 569 The psychophysical organism ‘sets’ to meet an imminent situation; and on the conscious side, this ‘set’ is expectation.
1938 Mind 47 88 An observer in an experiment is said to be set towards an aspect of a situation if he is directed to it by the instructions.
1961 Lindgren & Byrne Psychol. vi. 143/2 Alterations in our familiar surroundings are often missed because we are ‘set’ to perceive certain stimuli.
94.
a. to set one's or the face (countenance): to give a fixed or settled expression to the countenance.to set a face: to make it appear (as though..). to set one's face as a flint, after Isaiah l. 7.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [phrase]
makec1275
to make wise1447
make as though?c1450
to let fare1483
to make a show ofa1500
to set a face1560
to take on (also upon) one(self)?1560
to make (a) miena1657
to make believe1773
to put it on1888
to play (the) fox1894
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > face with expression or expression > face with expression [verb (intransitive)] > assume fixed or settled expression
to set one's or the face (countenance)1560
set1601
to set one's face in a brake1607
1560 Bible (Geneva) Isa. l. 7 Therefore haue I set my face like a flint.
?c1570 Buggbears i. ii, in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Italian (1911) 94 Formosus set a face as thoughe he knew wher to find a cunnyng mane.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xxiv. sig. Ee4 When she set her countenaunce to tell the matter.
a1627 T. Middleton et al. Widdow (1652) v. i. 59 Set your countenance then; for here he comes.
1635 T. Cranley Amanda 9 She would..sometimes set her countenance as if shee had bin angry.
1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 353 Set thy Face, and thy best Curchy make.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud i. viii, in Maud & Other Poems 5 I..May make my heart as a millstone, set my face as a flint.
b. passive and intransitive (and reflexive) Of the eyes, the features, the countenance: To have or assume a fixed look or expression.
ΚΠ
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings xiv. 4 But Ahiiah could not see, for his eyes were set by reason of his age. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 197 O he's drunke..an houre agone: his eyes were set at eight i'th morning. View more context for this quotation
1717 S. Garth in J. Dryden et al. tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xiv. 504 Set are her Eyes, and motionless her Limbs.
1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner i. 8 He saw that Marner's eyes were set like a dead man's.
1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard v. iii. 214 His face set, The eyes not curious to the right or left And reading in a book.
1880 C. E. L. Riddell Myst. Palace Gardens ix The lines in his face set and hardened.
1881 P. Greg Ivy III. iii. 68 Her face sets as it used against your mother.
1884 ‘Rita’ My Lord Conceit I. i. v. 72 A face set in stern, rigid lines.
1888 G. Gissing Life's Morning III. xxii. 210 Her features had set themselves in sorrow.
1898 G. B. Shaw You never can tell iv. (stage direct.) His face set and sulky.
95.
a. To press (the teeth, lips) together into a rigid position; to clench (the teeth), compress (the lips, mouth). to set one's teeth: see tooth n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > act of drawing body into compact form > drawn into compact form [verb (transitive)] > clench
clitchc1025
fasten1559
knit1602
set1602
clinch1624
clench1755
grippen1814
grip1861
ball1890
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge v. iii. sig. I3v Another frets, and sets his grinding teeth.
1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi vi. vii. 73/1 They were sometimes hindred from eating their Meals, by having their Teeth set.
1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. ix. 225 The old woman set her lips firmly, and drew her dagger.
1860 G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harborough xxii ‘I think not!’ replied Mr. Sawyer, setting his teeth for a catastrophe.
1867 ‘Ouida’ Cecil Castlemaine's Gage 263 His mouth sternly set, and his forehead paler and more severe than ever.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xxii. 219 Each set his mouth and kept his eyes in front of him.
b. reflexive and intransitive. Of the mouth, or the teeth.
ΚΠ
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §714 [This] maketh the teeth to set hard one against another.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 233 My Teeth..wou'd..set against one another so strong, that for some time I cou'd not part them again.
1883 M. E. Mann Parish of Hilby xix Helen's mouth set itself firmly as she thought of it.
c. passive and intransitive. Of muscles, or the like: To have or assume a rigid attitude or state. Also spec. of an athlete poised to start a race. In wider use: to be prepared for action; to be ready (to do something). Frequently in (to be) all set. Cf. (get) on your mark(s) at mark n.1 33b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > [verb (intransitive)] > muscular tension
set1844
cord1959
flex1972
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > prepared or ready
i-radc888
yarec888
i-redec1000
i-redya1175
boundc1175
graith?c1225
aready1250
alreadyc1275
readyc1275
armedc1300
prestc1300
bentc1330
ripec1330
purveyed1435
mature?1440
apt1474
habile1485
in (a) case to (also for)1523
provided1533
in procinct1540
weeping-ripe1548
furnished1553
fit1569
preta1600
expedite1604
predy1613
procinct1618
foreprepared1642
presto1644
apparated1663
(ready) in one's gears1664
fallow1850
standby1893
organized1926
(to be) all set1949
1844 J. Gregg Commerce of Prairies I. 51 Each teamster vies with his fellow..and it is a matter of boastful pride to be the first to cry out—‘All's set!’
1851 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm (ed. 2) II. 174/2 The hams should not be too full of flesh, lyary, which in a young animal indicates that the carcass will soon set from growing.
1862 J. Tyndall Mountaineering in 1861 vi. 53 The muscles have become set, and some minutes are necessary to render them again elastic.
1869 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1868 313 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (40th Congr., 3rd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc.) XV Butterflies generally set in one or two weeks.
1882 W. A. Baillie-Grohman Camps in Rockies i. 3All set!’ echoes from each of the horsemen in front.
1893 Outing 22 154/1 At the words ‘Get set!’ the arms are raised, the knees slightly bent, and..the starter braces his legs apart.
1913 S. A. Mussabini Compl. Athletic Trainer 196 The old-fashioned stand-up position enabled the runners to keep ‘set’ on their marks for a very much longer time than the present-day straining ‘crouch’ will let them do.
1930 Amer. Speech 6 120 Set for big bout.
1935 Encycl. Sports, Games & Pastimes 580/1 At the words ‘Get set’ you should let the weight come forward on to the finger tips and the leading foot, raising the left knee but lowering the back and head.
1949 N. Marsh Swing, Brother, Swing v. 84 All set, boys? Let's go.
1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest iii. 162 The du Pont Company was getting set to build the plutonium production plant.
1957 S. Duncan & K. Bone Oxf. Pocket Bk. Athletic Training (ed. 2) v. 62 On the command ‘set’ the body rises up smoothly with the body-weight on the hands and front foot.
1962 J. Heller Catch-22 vi. 51 Just when I was all set to really start stashing it away, they had to manufacture fascism and start a war.
1979 Daily Tel. 26 Feb. 21/4 National Westminster is set to produce full year figures tomorrow.
d. intransitive. To become bent or twisted as a result of strain. (Cf. set n.1 16.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > misshapenness > lose shape or become misshapen [verb (intransitive)] > due to strain or stress
crumple?c1450
collapse1732
set1798
flow1887
yield1900
1798 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 88 485 If a wire is twisted only a little more than its elasticity admits of, then, instead of setting, as it is called, or acquiring a permanent twist all at once, it sets gradually.
c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 404/1 The scales will have a tendency to ‘set’ when over~loaded.
e. transitive. To stick up, cock. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (transitive)] > cock tail
set1708
the world > space > relative position > posture > upright or erect posture > set upright or erect [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body
cock1549
perka1591
erect1626
pert1688
set1708
1708 London Gaz. No. 4428/16 Stollen.., a Bay Nag..sets his Head and Tail.
96. Dyeing.
a. To prepare (woad) for dyeing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > dye [verb (transitive)] > processes or techniques
to dye in grainc1386
woad1463
madder1464
set1529
to dye in (the) wool, in grain1579
alum1598
rake1778
sumac1792
piece-dye1810
gall1822
dung1824
wince1839
winch1845
overdye1857
top1874
to wet out1882
vat1883
cross-dye1885
paddle1909
premetallize1948
spin-dye1948
1529 Cov. Leet Bk. 697 To occupie the Craft of dying and settyng of wadd.
1590 W. West Συμβολαιογραϕία ii. §82. sig. Hiiij Euery set of the same woad shall make, when it is set and prooued, fower pound sterling.
1811 J. Parkins Young Man's Best Compan. 535 Wood-wax..is set with pot ashes.
b. To make (a colour) fast or permanent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > dye [verb (transitive)] > fix dye
set1601
fix1665
strike1769
age1830
mordant1839
pad1839
steam calico-printing1862
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > face with expression or expression > face with expression [verb (intransitive)] > assume fixed or settled expression
to set one's or the face (countenance)1560
set1601
to set one's face in a brake1607
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxii. ii. 115 To set all other colours that can bee devised, with the juice onely of certaine hearbs.
1882 Crookes Dyeing 15 The brown colouring matter of the flax instead of being removed is fastened, or as it is technically called, ‘set’.
97.
a. To cause to become firm, hard, or rigid in consistency; to curdle, coagulate (milk, etc.). Also, to cause (paper web) to become partly dry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [verb (intransitive)] > curdle or become curdled
runeOE
loppera1300
curda1398
to run togethera1398
quaila1425
trout1483
lop1570
turn1577
quar1578
curdle1586
caille1601
to set together1608
set1736
whig1756
shill1876
clabber1880
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > give consistency to [verb (transitive)] > make stiff or hard in consistency or set
stiffen1627
clang1631
set1736
1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum at Cheese While this rennet is fresh, one spoonful of the liquor will turn or set about 16, 18 or 20 gallons of milk.
1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum at Cheese When you would turn or set milk for cheese.
1784 J. Twamley Dairying Exemplified 102 Boiling Water..will set the Curd in some degree, and fix it hard.
1855 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 16 i. 135 If you clay heavily..you must muck heavily, or you will set the land.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2286/1 [He] uses golden sulphuret of antimony and sets the rubber by vulcanizing it.
1890 A. Watt Paper-making xvi. 174 The paper..is led over a table of wire-cloth..under which steam-pipes are placed for the purpose of ‘setting’..the web.
1974 M. Lindlaw Super Sweets & Puddings 9 To set jelly quickly. Dissolve the jelly tablet in 1/ 4 pint (11/ 2 dl) hot water, then make up to 1 pint (6 dl) with cold water or ice cubes. Stir until on the point of setting.
b. passive.
ΚΠ
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §168 Dutch Tarras,..which, after being once set, would afterwards become hard, without ever being compleatly dry.
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §168 (note) [Set], the term used in the application of calcareous mortar, which denotes its first step, or degree of hardening.
1839 W. A. Chatto Treat. Wood Engraving viii. 723 Recent impressions of a wood-cut, before the ink is set.
1846 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 7 ii. 493 The skin was set, that is, it would not easily rub off.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) III. 99 When the film is just set enough to bear a light touch, without receiving any impression of the finger.
c. intransitive. To become firm or solid in consistency; (of milk) to curdle or turn; (of mortar, etc.) to solidify.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > be thick enough to retain form [verb (intransitive)] > coagulate
runeOE
curda1382
congealc1400
clotterc1405
clodder1499
cludder1540
yearna1568
quar1578
curdle1586
clot1591
coagulate1600
clod1639
concoagulate1666
earn1670
set1736
keech1863
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > cement or mortar > actions of cement or mortar [verb (intransitive)] > solidify
set1736
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > state of being thick enough to retain form > be thick enough to retain form [verb (intransitive)] > become stiff in consistency > set
fastena1425
set1736
to take a set1837
1736 N. Bailey Dict. Domesticum at Cheese When it [milk] sets or turns to curd very quick.
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 79 The out-side Mortar..set, that is, grew hard immediately.
1837 J. T. Smith tr. L. J. Vicat Pract. & Sci. Treat. Mortars & Cements 9 We say that a lime has set, when it bears without depression a knitting-needle of 0.12 cent...diameter, filed square at its extremity, and loaded with a weight of 0.30 kil.
1839 T. C. Hansard Treat. Printing & Type-founding (1841) 151 When the varnish has had time to set.
1842 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3 i. 16 The soil..is rather sticky when wet, and sets hard when dry.
1860 G. W. S. Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 168 Silver ‘sets’ before the lead.
1883 Standard 17 May 2/2 Nor shall we permit the meat to hang, to ‘set’ over the reeking fumes of the killing chamber.
1886 J. Blandy Baker's Guide 51 A certain sort of loaf, put into the oven without touching, ‘set crusty’, as the baker would say.
1963 D. Seton Essent. Mod. Cookery 151 The sugar is very important in jam-making. If too much or too little is used, the jam will not set.
1973 Cooking for Today (Good Housekeeping) 264/4 Pour one third of this jelly into a picnic jelly mould and put in a cool place to set.
d. Of cream: To collect and settle on the top of the milk.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [verb (intransitive)] > settle on top of milk (of cream)
set1859
1859 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 20 i. 53 The milk..is..left until the cream has set.
98.
a. To cause (fruit) to form on a tree by the process of fertilization; to cause (a flower) to develop into fruit: said of bees, etc. and (also absol.) of the tree bearing the fruit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > be or affect a flowering plant [verb (transitive)] > fertilize
set1693
impregnate1769
cross-fertilize1876
self1903
1693 J. Evelyn tr. J. de La Quintinie Dict. in Compl. Gard'ner sig. Aiiv, at Bud,.. Well Buddod [sic] or well set Trees; is said of those Fruit-Trees, that have abundance of Fruit Buds.
1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 25 Concerning the Generation of Plants, and the manner of setting their Fruits.
1729 B. Langley Pomona 77 Our Fruits being plentifully set.
a1793 G. White Observ. Veg. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1802) II. 257 When they [sc. bees] are once induced to haunt the frames, they set all the fruit.
1877 C. Darwin Different Forms Flowers i. 28 Flowers legitimately fertilised set seeds under conditions which cause the almost complete failure of illegitimately fertilised flowers.
1892 E. P. Dixon's (Hull) Seed Catal. 18 It is a robust grower and sets very freely.
1893 Field 8 Apr. 530/1 The plant..‘sets’ a larger proportion of the flowers.
b. intransitive. Of blossom or fruit: To develop as the result of fertilization. Also said of hemp fibre.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > flower or flowering plant > be a flowering plant [verb (intransitive)] > be fertilized
kern1297
set1718
self-fertilize1858
1718 J. Laurence Fruit-garden Kal. 53 This Blossom Set, and produced me a Peach.
1779 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 475 February was so mild and fine that the wall-fruit flowered..and set much fuller, than the apples, which were two months later.
1849 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 10 i. 177 The fibre has not set, nor has the male stem shed its pollen.
1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 561 To mark how very few of the blossoms have set.
1891 Field 24 Oct. 634/1 About a dozen fruit set, of which six ripened.
c. Of a plant: to set to seed = seed v. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > grow abnormally or unseasonably
spirt1584
boll1601
sprout1675
run1725
button1767
bolt1889
to set to seed1897
1897 J. C. Willis Man. Flowering Plants II. 234 Moneywort..is said never to set to seed in Brit[ain].
99. Plastering. To put a finishing coat on. (See set n.1 30a.)
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)] > plaster > plaster with finishing coat
set1700
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 12 They finish the Plastering when it is almost dry,..setting it, that is to say, Trowelling and brishing it.
1812 P. Nicholson Mech. Exercises 309 (Plastering) Lath Floated and Set Fair. These words bear the same meaning as lath pricked-up and floated and set.
1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 128 Render, float, and set, is three-coat work.
1874 J. Birch Country Archit. 44 Lath, plaster, float, set and twice whiten all ceilings throughout.
100.
a. Sheep-breeding. To settle or establish (a particular stock).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > rear sheep or wool [verb (transitive)] > establish stock
set1782
1782 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. Norfolk (1787) II. 321 Bought by those who are increasing, or ‘setting’ a ewe flock.
1807 A. Young Gen. View Agric. Essex II. xiii. 334 His flock has been 1140 breeding ewes; and at this Michælmas (1805) he setts 2000.
1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXII Setting, a term used in sheep-management, which signifies the picking, choosing, and selecting those which are the best formed..for the purpose of breeding, forming the flock, and keeping as stock.
1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXXII Setting Lamb-Stock.
1847 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 8 i. 17 In setting the flocks particular attention is paid to size, wool, strength of constitution.
b. intransitive. Of a period of time or weather: To become settled; = to set in at Phrasal verbs 2 (Cf. set adj.1 6c).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > [verb (intransitive)] > begin or become settled
seta1800
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [verb (intransitive)] > begin or become prevalent
to set in1684
set1892
a1800 Gil Brenton vi, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 74 Till the evening set and birds they sang.
1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down (at cited word) ‘The night is set’..night has come on.
1892 I. Zangwill Big Bow Myst. 98 It's set wet, it'll rain right into the new year.
1894 Harper's Mag. Feb. 359/1 The night set very cold.
c. Cricket. (passive) To have become accustomed to the bowling.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (intransitive)] > become used to bowling
set1865
1865 Lillywhite's Cricketers' Comp. 127 As a bat he is deficient in defence, though a punishing hitter when once set.
1882 Daily Tel. 19 May The Colonials were firmly set, and the runs came fast.
101. To settle the growth of (a plant) in the right way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > [verb (transitive)] > train
rail?1387
trail1398
train?1440
conduct1477
to lay in1802
espalier1810
trellis1818
set1845
1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 ii. 339 Where the clover is not well set.
1864 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 25 ii. 275 Wheat is rolled..in spring, to set the young plant.
102. To check; to puzzle, nonplus, ‘stump’; to tax the resources of. Now northern dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] > bring to an impasse
checkmatea1400
stalec1470
set1577
stallc1591
embog1602
nonplus1605
stalemate1765
stump1807
pound1827
to stick up1853
snooker1889
stymie1902
biff1915
dead-end1921
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > act of perplexing > confuse, perplex, bewilder [verb (transitive)] > nonplus
stagger1556
gravel1566
set1577
trump1586
bumbaze1587
puzzlec1595
ground1597
stunt1603
nonplus1605
pose1605
stumble1605
buzzard1624
quandary1681
bamboozle1712
hobble1762
stump1807
have1816
floor1830
flummox1837
stick1851
get1868
to stick up1897
buffalo1903
1577 R. Stanyhurst Hist. Irelande iii. 85/1 in R. Holinshed Chron. I At this answere Meth was set.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ii. xii. 9 The silie mind of men was before sett and to seeke.
1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 51 Learning was pos'd, Philosophie was set.
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 164 Standing..will make them [sc. feet] grow so hard,..that it will set the Smith to drive a Nail in shoeing.
1763 ‘T. Bobbin’ Toy-shop (new ed.) 45 I wur warr set to get eawt (if possible) in e wur when Nip an me feel off th' Bridge.
1819 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia (new ed.) Four thorough-shaped horses will draw, with facility, a weight which would set five ordinary ones.
103. Dance. (intransitive) To take up a position and perform a number of steps with one's face to one's partner or to the dancer on one's right or left. Chiefly in set to partners, set to corners (also set corners).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [verb (intransitive)] > figures > specific figures
set1652
balance1775
poussette1798
thread the needle1843
1652 Dancing Master Expl. Charac. Set and turn single, is a single to one hand, and a single to the other, and turn single.
1652 Dancing Master 1 Sides all, set and turn S.
1652 Dancing Master 72 Meet all, back again, set to your own, and to the next.
1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 67. ⁋9 A..Step called Setting, which I know not how to describe to you, but by telling you that it is the very reverse of Back to Back.
1791 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 147 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 562 The dancers..reel'd, they set, they cross'd, they cleekit.
1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 2 Tou kens we danc'd a threesome reel, And Betty set to me.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iii. 55 Set corners, ladies.
1811 T. Wilson Country Dancing (ed. 2) 6 Foot and set are the same; it is merely dancing in your place to fill up the time of the music.
1894 E. Scott Dancing 113 The gentleman sets to and turns with the lady on his left hand.
1894 E. Scott Dancing 119 Set to partners and turn.
1894 E. Scott Dancing 120 All set to corners and turn... They set and turn to places.
in extended use.1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 55 Two green sauce-tureens, with ladles of the same, were setting to each other in a green dish.
104.
a. passive and intransitive. To get stuck. †Also transitive to allow to get stuck.There is perhaps a punning reference to this sense in Shakespeare King Lear ii. ii. 3 Stew. Where may we set our horses? Kent. I' th' myre.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > cease to move or become motionless > be arrested or intercepted in progress
steek?a1400
sticka1450
lodge1611
intercept1612
catch1620
clog1633
jam1706
rake1725
fasten1744
set1756
hitch1897
seize1917
1756 J. Clubbe Hist. Wheatfield in Misc. Tracts (1770) I. 83 Carters..when their waggons were set in bad roads.
1776 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 2 Sept. (1778) If he spill or overturn his load, or if he break his waggon, or set his horses.
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 316 A plough got set in the furrow and had to be cut out.
1888 Sci. Amer. 4 Feb. 74/1 To prevent the ‘setting’ and sliding of the wheels.
b. Bowls. (intransitive) = rub v.1 8a.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > play at bowls [verb (intransitive)] > encounter obstruction
rub1588
set1875
1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) iii. i. iii. §3 If a bowl be struck and if it do rub or set on the striker's partner.
IX. To put in the way of following a certain course, cause to take a particular direction.
* Where physical direction or motion in a certain path is the prevailing notion.
105.
a. To take (a journey), direct (one's course).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (transitive)]
setOE
trinec1200
to take to ——c1300
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)]
stretcha1225
turnc1275
ready?a1400
seta1400
incline?c1400
apply?a1425
raika1500
rechec1540
make1548
address1554
frame1576
bend1579
to shape one's course1593
intend1596
tend1611
direct1632
steer1815
OE Cynewulf Elene 1004 Heht he Elenan hæl abeodan beadurofre, gif hie brim nesen ond gesundne sið settan mosten, hæleð hwætmode, to þære halgan byrig.
a1000 Sat. (Gr.) 189 Ic..sceal nu wreclastas settan sorhgcearig, siðas wide.
a1330 Sire Degarre 425 Mani a jorne thai ride and sette.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 13668 To ihesus þe way he sette.
b. To lay (a ship's course). Also absol. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course
setc1485
c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1723 Sett þer-with, yf we mown, for I wott itt is a havyn town.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. v. 10 It is also cummyn to our eris, Ȝe set ȝour cours ouer see thir mony ȝeiris.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. viii. 42 Setting our course east Northeast.
106. intransitive (less frequently reflexive) To proceed in a specified direction; to begin to move, start off, put out, set out. Now surviving (exc. Scottish) only in set forth, set forward, set off, set on, etc. (see Phrasal verbs 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)]
thinkeOE
bowa1000
seta1000
scritheOE
minlOE
turnc1175
to wend one's wayc1225
ettlec1275
hieldc1275
standc1300
to take (the) gatec1330
bear?c1335
applyc1384
aim?a1400
bend1399
hita1400
straighta1400
bounc1400
intendc1425
purposec1425
appliquec1440
stevenc1440
shape1480
make1488
steera1500
course1555
to make out1558
to make in1575
to make for ——a1593
to make forth1594
plyc1595
trend1618
tour1768
to lie up1779
head1817
loop1898
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out
forthfarec888
foundOE
seta1000
to go forthOE
to fare forthc1200
partc1230
to pass forthc1325
to take (the) gatec1330
to take the wayc1330
to take one's waya1375
puta1382
treunt?a1400
movec1400
depart1490
prepare?1518
to set forth1530
to set forward(s)1530
busklea1535
to make out1558
to take forth1568
to set out1583
sally1590
start1591
to go off1600
to put forth1604
to start outa1626
intend1646
to take the road1720
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
to set off1774
to get off1778
to set away1817
to take out1855
to haul out1866
to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873
to hit, split or take the breeze1910
hop1922
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (reflexive)] > set out
setc1460
prepare?1518
a1000 Boeth. Metr. i. 4 Setton suðweardes sigeþeoda twa.
1052 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. C) Ða geaxedon þæt lið þæt on Sandwic læg embe Godwines fare, setton þa æfter.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13584 Setteð [c1300 Otho wendeþ] heom after.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1999 He set hym in ful purpose to his Shippis ward.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1828 At Salame full sound þai set into hauyn.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 11109 Sadly ho sete, sewit hym agayne.
1568 C. Watson tr. Polybius Hystories f. 62v Immediately to set towardes his ennimies.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. 0. 34 The King is set from London. View more context for this quotation
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 440 From thence I set East-ward to Syragusa.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 342 To set up the brae to the King's city.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 415 The faithless Pirate soon will set to Sea.
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 160 While for the Barn she sets.
1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) I set, or set out, after him; I pursued him.
107.
a. intransitive. Of a current, wind: To take or have a (certain) direction or course.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > aim
cast1340
aimc1380
set14..
to lay, bend, take level1548
butt1553
vizyc1600
to level one's aim1667
to make aim1796
sight1842
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > move in a certain direction [verb (intransitive)] > of current or wind
set14..
to set in1719
14.. in J. Gairdner Sailing Direct. (1889) 11 At the Hedelonde the streme settith North West and Southest.
c1595 T. Maynarde Sir Francis Drake his Voy. (1849) 19 From hence..a great currante setts towards the estward.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 170 Blowing very hard from Land..it set so violently, as rais'd..a<n> over growne Sea.
1685 W. Hedges Diary 2 Feb. (1887) I. 181 The Current (which usually setts to the Northward at this time of the Year).
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. iv. 40 We found the tide to set S.S.E. and N.N.W.
1835 Syd. Smith in Mem. (1855) II. 362 When the wind sets that way.
1877 T. H. Huxley Physiography 174 The current which sets into the Gulf of Mexico.
1890 Longman's Mag. July 336 The prevalent winds set from the west.
b. Of the tide (cf. to set in at Phrasal verbs 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > tide > type of tide > types of tide [verb (intransitive)] > ebb or flow
makea1685
sit1751
set1777
to make up1898
1777–83 Lescallier Voc. Termes Mar. 64 The tide sets to the South.
1825 Examiner 30/1 There was a strong tide setting.
1853 M. Arnold Sohrab & Rustum in Poems (new ed.) 36 As the vast tide Of the bright rocking Ocean sets to shore At the full moon.
c. figurative and in figurative context: To have a direction, tendency, or bent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > tend or incline [verb (intransitive)]
wryc888
driveOE
drawc1175
rine?c1225
soundc1374
tendc1374
lean1398
clinea1400
movec1450
turnc1450
recline?a1475
covet1520
intend?1521
extenda1533
decline?1541
bow1562
bend1567
follow1572
inflecta1575
incline1584
warpa1592
to draw near1597
squint1599
nod1600
propend1605
looka1616
verge1664
gravitate1673
set1778
slant1850
trend1863
tilt1967
1778 Earl of Carlisle in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) III. 340 I think I have strength of mind enough to stem the torrent, let it set against me with all its fury.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 94 All the current of my being sets to thee.
1885 Manch. Examiner 16 Feb. 5/3 The current of popular fiction in this country has lately set strongly towards pure sensationalism.
1885 Manch. Examiner 28 Sept. 5/3 The public opinion of the young men is setting against the practice.
1891 Temple Bar Nov. 309 Her ambition did not set in the direction indicated.
1893 National Observer 1 Apr. 490/1 The sleeve puffings reveal an artful under-garment, setting towards pink.
108.
a. transitive. To cause to pass into a certain place or from one place to another; to convey, transport (? originally by water, cf. to set over at Phrasal verbs 2). Now rare, the usual verb being put.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)]
haveeOE
ferryOE
weighOE
bearOE
take?a1160
weve13..
carry1348
passa1350
tow1391
geta1393
convey1393
winc1400
transport1483
set1487
convoy1500
traduce1535
port1566
repair1612
vehiculate1628
transmute1683
transplant1769
gallant1806
transit1859
inveigh1878
waltz1884
sashay1928
conduct-
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xiv. 382 With four schippes that he had tane, He set thame our the ban ilkane.
c1500 in Peacock Stat. Cambr. (1841) App. A. 37 The Bedyll shall sett the Masters of Gramer to the Fathers place.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 715/1 Ferye man, what shal I gyve the to set me over the water?
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 36 The curet with all the parich and solempnite sette the osttes home with soleme procession.
1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle iv. iii. sig. Diiv I set him soone inwarde.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 394 To..sett certane bandis of men of weir to the bordouris.
1601 Acct.-bk. W. Wray in Antiquary (1896) 32 80 A laye layde..for settynge soldyars into Ireland.
1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 2 Drifts of snow will set Deere, Hares, and Conies..ouer your wals.
1819 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson (1857) I. 227 The price may pinch me for cash to set me home.
1856 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 10 May in Eng. Notebks. (1997) II. iv. 22 We went back to the ferry, and being set across.., we drove back to Melrose.
b. To put a land, on land, ashore. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
?1482 J. Kay tr. G. Caoursin Siege of Rhodes (1870) 148 Many of the Turkes that were sette a land by the brygge from the shippes.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 425 Ane That rowyt thaim our deliuerly, And set thaim on the land all dry.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 47 The barke..set us on land neere the Towne.
1700 S. Parker Homer in Nutshell 6 You'll ferry o'r, And at the Pallace-stairs be set a'shoar.
intransitive for reflexive.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxxi. 59 b He counselled the kyng..to set a lande in Normandy.
c. To accompany or escort (a person) for part or all of the way he has to go. Chiefly northern dialect.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > bring or take to a place
leadc825
conveya1375
accompany1426
bringa1500
assist1525
associate1548
hand1590
commit1598
see1603
to set out1725
set1740
trot1888
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. v. 99 I was setting my Patient a little on the Road.
1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 23 And monie a time he's set me heame.
1889 M. E. Carter Mrs. Severn III. ii. ix. 17 I've had a very happy day, and they set me to the stile.
1890 H. Caine Bondman i. vii I'll set you as far as Ballasalla.
d. to set home: to bring to bear closely upon; to enforce, emphasize. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (transitive)] > attach importance to > render outstanding
aggravate1549
accent1595
to lay weight upon1600
emphase1631
circumflect1643
to lay (also place, put) stress on (also upon)1653
to set home1656
forestall1657
circumflex1661
signalize1698
to lay stress, weight, emphasis on or upon1748
emphasize1793
accentuate1817
stress1845
to rub in1851
to draw out1855
underline1880
punctuate1883
peak1887
underscore1891
to point up1926
1656 R. Vines Treat. Inst. Lords-Supper xiii. 160 Setting home the sin and danger of it.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 422 Which Argumentation is further set home by such Similitudes as these.
1757 J. Edwards Doctr. Orig. Sin i, in Wks. (1807) II. 97 To set home this awful truth upon their consciences.
109. Of a current, wind, etc.: To cause to move, carry along in a (certain) direction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > cause to move in a direction [verb (transitive)] > of a current or wind
set?c1450
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6792 Bot þai were lett, And fra þe se to land sett.
a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 9 She plies that course her compasse sets her on.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 180 There was a current which set us to the northward.
1819 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto II ci. 169 The current..Still set them onwards to the welcome shore.
1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 74 A breeze sprung up from the south-east, and set the ice so rapidly upon us.
1892 Field 6 Feb. 198/3 The current in a rapid usually ‘sets’ the canoe clear of rocks.
110. To propel (a boat or other craft) with a pole; to punt. Also absol., to use a punt pole or setting pole; now esp. in punt-shooting, to move up to the fowl, to get within shooting distance (cf. to set up at Phrasal verbs 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > propel boat by oars, paddle, or pole [verb (transitive)] > pole or punt
shove1513
conta1687
set1705
punt1759
pole1769
kent1820
poy1834
shaft1869
quant1870
prick1891
the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > shoot [verb (intransitive)] > manner or type of
grousec1798
to set up1824
to shoot for the stick1834
to go to rode1838
to fire into the brown (of them)1845
set1859
hold ahead1881
hold on1881
rough-shoot1937
1589 T. Southam in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations ii. 391 We departed from Ostroue in the morning before Sunne rising, rowing, and setting vp the riuer 5. miles.
1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xviii. 338 Those in the Boats are obliged to set 'em along by sticking their Pole in the Ground.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 168 By the Help of Towing and Setting as well as they could, they came to a flatter Shore.
1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 16 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) We rowed or set the battoe as far as she could swim.
1823 Examiner 719/1 At Shields, as a young keelman..was in the act of setting the keel to which he belonged, the pole slipped.
1859 H. C. Folkard Wild-fowler xxiv. 145 When ‘setting’ to birds side by side with other punters.
1882 R. Payne-Gallwey Fowler in Ireland 468 When setting to fowl in this style of craft the shooter lies partly on his left side.
111.
a. To direct or point (one's face, foot, etc.) to, towards, for a place.
ΚΠ
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxxi. 21 He..set his face toward the mount Gilead. View more context for this quotation
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 493 I set face from Court for Scotland.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1654 (1955) III. 134 I now with my Wife &c: set our faces toward home.
a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 14 That way the Musselmans are obliged to set their faces when they Pray.
1729 W. Law Serious Call iv. 65 With hearts always set towards heaven.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam c. 155 I turn to go: my feet are set To leave the pleasant fields and farms. View more context for this quotation
1861 Temple Bar 1 394 It was time for him to set his face homewards.
1862 W. Collins No Name I. ii. i. 279 The lonely figure of a woman..with her face set towards the westward view.
1885 Field 4 Apr. 426/2 As usual he [sc. the fox] set his head for Nosely.
1890 I. D. Hardy New Othello i They have set their faces for home.
b. To put (a person) on the way leading to a destination.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > guide, lead, or show one the way
to show the waya1382
reduct1580
directa1616
inform1637
manuduct1641
pilot1649
set1678
airt1782
steer1859
1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress (ed. 2) 28 By turning thee from the way in which I had set thee.
1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 54 He directed me to the Wicket-Gate..and so set me into the way that hath led me directly to this House. View more context for this quotation
1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xviii. 212 Your host comes out with you to set you on your way.
1891 M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians xviii. 239 He knew the path and could set us on it.
** Where a person (or thing) is put to perform a task or to act in a certain way.☛ For phr. set a work, at, in, on, or to work see awork adv. and work n.
112.
a. To put (a person) to a piece of work or a task.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > duties > [verb (transitive)] > assign a task to a person
setc1175
task1530
hight1590
taska1592
stint1844
let1850
to set on1852
society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work
setc1175
put1608
to put on1822
to turn to1836
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 4166 Þe sexe daȝhess sette godd Hiss follc to þeȝȝre werrkess.
1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. C.vi Folye met me..And vnto all synnes he set me.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 715/1 To set every man to his taske.
1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 349 To doe any ye most vyle or paynefull dewty they are set unto.
1695 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. III. xii. 487 The 70 Seniors disagreed in their Translation..and so were set to it again.
1836 B. Hall Schloss Hainfeld vi. 77 We set the children to their regular lessons.
1861 Macmillan's Mag. 4 331/1 He was set to a work for which he had no stomach.
b. Const. infinitive (occasionally †gerund): To put (a person or agent) to the task of doing a certain thing, cause (him) to be so occupied.Prov. set a thief to catch a thief.
ΚΠ
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3634 Aaron bissop oðere of ðat kin Sette he, hem for to seruen ðor-in.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 311 Paschasius,..in þe peyne of purgatorie, was i-sette for to serve bathes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18563 And o mi knightes sum þai sett For to do his graf be gett.
?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 255 They schal be sette to say..fyftene pater nostres.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. iv. 56 That men shold sette poure children to laboure in the felde.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. CCCiii The free mason setteth his prentyse firste long tyme to lerne to hewe stones.
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor i. iii. sig. Div I'le instantly set all my hinds to thrashing Of a whole Reeke of corne.
1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. ii. 8 To set your children to begin to learne.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 435. ¶1 As one set to watch the Manners and Behaviour of my Countrymen.
1833 H. Martineau Loom & Lugger ii. ii. 22 Nurse set us to ask my brother Robert.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond II. vii. 125 Baubles..for which men have been set to kill and quarrel ever since mankind began.
1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 42/2 The twilight that sends the hens to roost sets the fox to prowl.
1890 Sat. Rev. 12 July 37/2 The naval operations our squadrons are set to perform.
c. transferred with a thing as object.
ΚΠ
1841 A. Helps On Pract. Wisdom in Ess. (1842) 6 By setting one evil thing to counteract another.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiii. 18 Let a gong clash glad emotion, set a giddy fury to roam.
113.
a. To direct (one's mind, intention, or will) to the consideration or performance of something. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > take care about [verb (transitive)] > attend to or cultivate > direct (one's mind or energies) to
doc1175
set1340
embrace1393
applyc1425
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 97 He þat til ille settes his wille.
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 314 He that wolde sette his entente to thise thynges.
1423 Kingis Quair xxxviii Sen him to serue he myght set my corage?
c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 19 Þe loue of his hert is now only sette to serue God.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 11 I wald fayne set my will..To put in wryt a suthfast story.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. xiii. 105 My desire was sett..all Troy for to doun bett.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. Y4v To which whiles absent he his mind did sett.
1668 J. Denham Poems 155 Our hearts are only set..to be Rich, or Great.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 202 All my mind was set Serious to learn and know. View more context for this quotation
1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel 183 He..will set his mind to the taking of the more strongly fortified places.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxiv. 236 He set his mind to govern his people well.
b. reflexive. To apply oneself to a piece of work, a task, or employment. Most often (and now always) const. infinitive; also †to lay oneself out for.
ΚΠ
a1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) x. 20 I rede þat þou..sone set þe to schriue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 17845 A twyn þei set hem to þat note.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 81 Þay maden to take Mathy eftsones, and set hom to throw stonys at hym.
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 34 That king sett him to haue senȝeoury of all the Orient.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 194 Quhen I sett me to sing or dance.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. vi. li. 272/2 He set himselfe for their deliuerance.
1624 J. Ussher in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) (Camden) 131 I had set myselfe close to my worke.
1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 259 He set himself to redress the Abuses.
1845 R. C. Trench Fitness Holy Script. i. 11 They..will yet set themselves..to look for petty discrepancies.
1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians I. v. 89 She set herself to study it.
c. intransitive in the same sense: const. to with noun (pronoun) or infinitive, or to or a- with gerund. (Cf. to set about at Phrasal verbs 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or set oneself to do [verb (intransitive)]
found12..
to take on (also upon) one(self)a1300
assay1330
study1340
to put (also lay, set, etc.) one's hand to the ploughc1384
intendc1385
pressc1390
to put oneself in pressc1390
gatherc1400
undertakec1405
sayc1425
to fall in hand with (also to do (something))c1450
setc1485
obligea1500
essay?1515
attend1523
supprise1532
to set in foot1542
enterprise1547
address1548
to set in hand1548
prove1612
to make it one's businessa1628
engage1646
embark1647
bend1694
to take hold1868
c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 84 Quhethir j aw to defend my nychtbour jn armys and men wald sett to sla him.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Mettre If I vndertake it, if I set to it.
1641 J. Milton Animadversions 18 Your Bishops have set as fair to doe it as they durst.
1668 H. More Divine Dialogues iii. xxix. 492 Two Asses..that set a-braying.
1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea xx. 395 Most of them set to Running before the Enemy appears.
1737 S. Berington Mem. G. di Lucca 15 The Chief of the Inquisition..set to the Scrutiny of his Papers.
1803 T. Beddoes Hygëia III. ix. 99 A young man..reached a book from a shelf..and set to read.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. iii. 103 He sets to denouncing Stock-brokerage.
1890 Cornhill Mag. June 643 The mother and daughters set to the making of beds.
1893 Black & White 29 July 124/2 Let us..set a-hunting once more for the philosopher's stone.
114.
a. trans. to set (a person) upon: to put in the way of doing or performing, cause to be occupied with (something): often with implication of urging or impelling (cf. put v. 16). Also reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > cause to be occupied with
set1435
set1622
yoke1630
cast1662
sick1914
1435 Contract Fotheringhay Church (1841) 29 During all the sayd werke the seid Will. Horwode shall nether set mo nor fewer Free-Masons..thereupon.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 394 Ane man..That neuer wald set him on assay withoutin his assent.
1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility iii. 184 A..Historiographer, who was at that time set upon the same undertaking.
1694 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) ii. xxi. 133 Nothing setting us upon the change of State, or upon any new Action, but some uneasiness.
1695 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. (new ed.) §94. 161 The Studies which he sets him upon.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 255. ¶8 This often sets him on empty Boasts and Ostentations of himself.
1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 406 [It] has set us upon an inquiry into the present state of religion.
1879 M. Pattison Milton vi. 75 This rude shock..set Usher upon a more careful examination.
b. Const. on (occasionally †in, to) with gerund.Obsolete with reference to physical movement, e.g. set on going, set on packing: cf. 114d.
ΚΠ
c1440 Pallad. on Husb. i. 366 Lond grauel anoon sette in worchinge.
1624 F. Bacon Considerations War with Spain (1629) 5 This wheele set on going, did power a Warre vpon the Venetians.
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xli. 100 Suspicion giveth a passe-port to faith to set it on packing.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. vi. 220 [It] sets them also upon making of one name, that may comprehend both Gold, and Silver.
1695 J. Dryden tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy De Arte Graphica 72 You will do well to..set your self on designing after the Ancient Greeks.
1745 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 27 The pernicious conduct of the French at Canada in setting their Indians on destroying the Inhabitants.
1763 J. Mills New Syst. Pract. Husbandry III. 156 If the ground be..not wet enough to set it on growing.
1832 Examiner 91/2 This address set him to dancing again.
1851 J. Keble Occas. Papers (1877) 242 Is not this a thought to set us on praying?
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede II. iv. xxvii. 232 That he might..set him on persuading the Squire to consent.
1889 ‘F. Pigot’ Strangest Journey 188 It was perhaps this that set..Jem on stealing my own silver goblet.
c. Const. gerund with a- prefixed: in this const. and next, often, to put (a thing) in motion or progress, to start; esp. to set (a-)going.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to do or cause to act
makea1225
putc1300
gara1340
have1390
geta1400
to set (a-)going1530
set1577
occasion1587
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > cause to begin to act or operate
to put (also set) to worka1398
to put on work?1440
streek?a1500
setc1500
to put (also set) in (also into) motion1598
spring1598
to set offa1625
to put (also set) in work1626
to set (a-)going1705
start1822
to start up1865
to set in motion1890
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 712/1 Go set these glasses of rose water a sonnyng.
1583 A. Conham in Babington's Commandm. Ded. to Godly Rdrs. (1637) a v j With lesse paines to keepe agoing that which he had moved, and set a going.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ix. 334 Whosoeuer listeth to drinke of it, must set it a cooling for the space of an hower.
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall xvii. 129 Which perhaps will set..You..a thinking.
1705 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Nat. Relig. i. v. 186 The Impulse of an Almighty Hand to set them first a-going.
1726 tr. J. Cavalier Mem. Wars Cevennes iv. 310 All the Water Works were set a going.
1794 G. Morris in J. Sparks Life G. Morris (1832) II. 440 Those who set the plan agoing.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xiv. 336 Those cards set people sadly a quarrelling.
1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. iv. 292 A morsel of food on the tongue sets a-going the movements of mastication.
1861 W. M. Thackeray Four Georges ii. 89 The abbey bells are set a-ringing.
1865 J. B. Mozley 8 Lect. Miracles vii. 159 Influences, which were originally set agoing by that agency.
d. Const. simple gerund.In early use †to set packing, etc., where in modern idiom send is used.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to do or cause to act
makea1225
putc1300
gara1340
have1390
geta1400
to set (a-)going1530
set1577
occasion1587
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > send away or dismiss > unceremoniously
to send packingc1450
trussa1500
to go (send, etc.) away with a flea in one's ear1577
to set packing1577
pack1589
ship1594
to send away with a fly in one's ear1606
to give a packing penny to1609
to pack off1693
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
to send about one's business1728
trundle1794
to send to the right about (also rightabouts)1816
bundle1823
to give the bucket to1863
shake1872
to give (a person) the finger1874
to give (a person) the pushc1886
to give (someone or something) the chuck1888
to give (someone) the gate1918
to get the (big) bird1924
to tie a can to (or on)1926
to give (a person) (his or her) running shoes1938
to give (someone) the Lonsdale1958
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. iii. viii. 43 (note) The..Gadarits set packing the stoutest of them.
1611 Second Maiden's Trag. (1909) iv. i. 52 One touch will set him flyinge.
1662 R. Mathews Unlearned Alchymist (new ed.) 26 Neither let him think that it [ague] will be set going with one violent potion.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. ix. 117 The good wines..were set running at a furious rate.
1832 F. A. Kemble Rec. Girlhood III. 176 Victor Hugo has set my mother raving.
1844 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit xxxix. 458 With reference to your duties, I can set you going.
1872 C. S. Calverley Fly Leaves 24 Half-a-bar sets several couple Waltzing in convenient spots.
e. to set gone: to set going, send or let off.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)]
driveeOE
sendc950
stira1300
enforce1340
swayc1400
compel1447
force1582
impel1611
impulse1611
to set gone?1611
to knock on1642
pulse1666
command1680
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xv. 429 He..well might haue set gone A hundred arrowes.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) xiii. 121 The Rowers..set gone The Ship.
115. To cause to be busy about. Also reflexive and in passive. (For the corresponding intransitive see to set about —— at Phrasal verbs 1.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > cause to be occupied with
set1435
set1622
yoke1630
cast1662
sick1914
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 131 Taking little sleepe when I had any thing to set my selfe about.
1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. x The Arch Angel..sets her [Discord]..about her business.
1695 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. (new ed.) §202. 352 The Advantages propos'd, from what they are set about.
1849 A. Helps Friends in Council II. i. i. 20 It set me..about thinking of Cicero's De Senectute.
1864 C. M. Yonge Trial I. xiv. 289 Mr. Axworthy had exclaimed that if ever he wanted a thing to be done, he must set Ward about it.
*** Where attack or opposition is the motive.
116.
a. To incite (a dog or other animal, also a person) to make an attack or pursuit: chiefly with prepositions at, on. (Cf. to set on at Phrasal verbs 2.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > cause or incite to attack
setc1440
to set on1592
sick1845
c1440 Alphabet of Tales 229 Hondis that & þai be set at any maner of beste, þai wil kill it.
1560 Bp. J. Pilkington Aggeus the Prophete sig. C c vj If a sheepe runne from hys felowes, the Shepeherde settes hys Dogge after it.
1696 A. Telfair New Confut. Sadducism 6 When any one whistled for him [a dog] to set him on the Cattel.
1776 Earl of Carlisle in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) III. 137 I shall prevent this man from setting ruin like a bull-dog at her.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Barber Cox in Comic Almanack 41 While young Tug set the dog at their heels.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xlvii. 420 In setting the boys' tutor..on her ladyship's director, Father Mole.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair li. 454 Once or twice they set people at her, but they failed.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke x. 84 They set dogs on us as though we were rats.
b. To encourage (an animal) to perform some evolution or feat; to pit (fighting cocks).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > urge on > spur > broach (spurs) to > other
seta1586
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting or baiting animals > fighting between animals > fight between animals [verb (transitive)] > pit fighting cocks
set1688
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xi. sig. Oo8 They..making their horses answer their hands, with a gentle galop, set the one toward the other.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 253/1 In Setting of a Cock, none are to be up on the clod but the 2 Seeters [sic]... When the Cocks are set Beak to Beak in the middle of the clod,..if the set Cock do not strike in counting of 20, and six times 10, and 20 after all; then the Battle is lost.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 253/1 The Cock is to be set, and they are to fight it out.
1884 Western Daily Press 16 Apr. 7/2 A well-known Kentish amateur..decided to ‘set’ his own birds.
1890 F. Barrett Between Life & Death II. xix. 38 She would set her horse at anything.
117.
a. To place in a position of hostility or opposition; to cause to be hostile or antagonistic; to pit (one) against (another). to set (a person) against, to cause him to have an antipathy for.to set one's face against: see face n. Phrases 9b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > set in opposition
set1297
gain-set1435
matchc1440
oppone1463
to set upa1586
oppose1600
counterpone1629
antipose1631
antipathize1667
pit1754
antagonize1849
the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > show hostility to [verb (transitive)] > place in position of opposition
set1297
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9375 Vor setteþ him one hardeliche aȝen an hondred to wende.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxvi. 5 If castels be set agaynes me my hert shal not drede.
c1420 in 26 Pol. Poems 108 Why settyst þou þy herte aȝen resoun?
1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 308 To set our owne wicked wills directly against his most holy will.
1680 H. More Apocalypsis Apocalypseos 261 He wonders that any man should set his wit against it.
1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. (at cited word) Why wou'd ye set such a Man against ye?
1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. x. 253 Set a brave spirit, then, against your fortune.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. ii. iv. 115 Man has been set against man.
1876 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxvi, in Monthly Packet May 416 Henry VIII. tried to set François against it.
1884 Manch. Examiner 25 June 5/2 The story..set people against a useful article of fish food.
1891 G. M. Fenn Mahme Nousie II. iii. 54 You have been setting her against me.
b. Const. to, at.
ΚΠ
a1400–50 Wars Alex. (Dubl.) 1316 A sege by hym-self sett to a hundreth.
1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. Mv Were there a thousand more of them, and they should set their wit to his.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. i. 88 Will you set your wit to a fooles. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 190 So mak'st thou faith an enemy to faith, And like a ciuill warre setst oath to oath. View more context for this quotation
1822 C. Lamb Some Old Actors in Elia 1st Ser. I have seen some Olivias..who..have seemed to set their wits at the jester.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxvi. 20 Whiles her bridegroom bold set to the battle a face.
c. reflexive and in passive. To be hostile or antagonistic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > be hostile or antagonistic [verb (reflexive)]
setc1482
c1482 in Cal. Proc. Chanc. Q. Eliz. II. (1830) Pref. 70 Whoos lordship and ladyship..is so hevely sette ayene the said suppliant.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xxiv. 2 When the kynge of Babilon set himself agaynst Ierusalem.
1652 H. Bell tr. M. Luther Colloquia Mensalia 303 The Cardinals would yield to no Reformation, but set themselvs against it.
1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads i. 107 With a mind against me set.
1728 J. Gay Beggar's Opera i. xiii. 18 My Papa and Mama are set against thy Life.
1888 A. Jessopp Coming of Friars iii. 158 The Cistercians..at first set themselves against the wholesale pillage of the parochial clergy.
1889 G. Gissing Nether World iii She only gets more and more set against me.
d. intransitive. To make an attack: see to set against —— at Phrasal verbs 1, set at 129, set on, upon, 131, 132 a.
X. Senses which appear to have arisen by reversal of construction or by an ellipsis.
118.
a. To people or garrison (a place) with.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > furnishing with inhabitants > [verb (transitive)]
set971
publish?a1400
inhabitc1400
seedc1400
man?a1425
peoplea1475
peoplish1530
repletec1540
empeople1582
popule1588
world1589
appopulate1625
populate1885
society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > garrison
set971
bemanc1175
ward1340
garnish?a1400
stuffc1400
fortify1470
force1535
garrison1569
garnison1583
garrisonize1657
971 Blickl. Hom. 121 Hie wiston þæt heora eþel þær on heofenum sceolde eft gebuen & geseted weorþan mid halgum sawlum.
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 964 Her dræfde Eadgar cyng þa preostas on Ceastre of Ealdanmynstre,..& of Middeltune & sette hy mid munecan.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6657 & setten [c1300 Otho fulle] þine castles mid kene monnen.
b. To beset (a place) for the purpose of intercepting or capturing a person.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > haunt with hostile intent > lie in ambush near
seta1400
forelay1565
the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stop the movement of > cause to be arrested or intercepted in progress
warna1250
foreclosec1290
dit1362
stayc1440
stopc1440
set1525
suppress1547
bar1578
frontier1589
stay1591
intercepta1599
to cut off1600
interpose1615
lodgea1616
obstruct1621
stifle1629
sufflaminate1656
stick1824
to hold up1887
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 19717 Ofte þe toun for him þei set And saul wist þat he was þret.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 56 And tauld how thai the way for his man sett.
1525 Sc. Acts Jas. V (1814) II. 298 Setting þe gait Laying wachis.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 123 With mony spy [he] Gart sett the wod.
a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. B1v That they which haue already set the street May know their watchword.
119. To plant (ground) with ‘sets’ or (young) trees; formerly often with about. (Cf. 12.) to be set with = to have growing upon it, to be overgrown with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > be overgrown with
to be set withc1290
overgrowna1450
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [verb (transitive)] > plant with trees
setc1290
arbust1623
co-afforest1655
wood1807
retimber1828
reafforest1834
reforest1836
afforest1843
forest1865
reforestize1890
tree1891
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 239/695 Þicke it was i-set with treon.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 95 God zette paradys erþlich uol of guode trawes.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) xiii. iv. 443 Ampnis is a ryuer arayed and sett wyth woodes.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 3862 Þat fosse whare þe water was ȝett It is aboute with trees sett.
a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. D The riuer Maine..Whose bankes are set with groues of fruitful vines.
1598 Floure & Leafe in T. Speght Wks. G. Chaucer f. 366/1 The hegge..With sicamour was set and eglatere.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 158 The Pall-mall is set with faire trees.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1646 (1955) II. 507 Severall..walks all set about with Oranges & Citron trees.
1757 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances I. cxxv. 241 I have set the last Acre of ——, since I came down.
1852 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 13 ii. 417 The whole 3 acres were ploughed and set with beans.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Brook in Maud & Other Poems 103 Many a fairy foreland set With willow-weed and mallow.
1891 M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians xiii. 163 A grassy clearing, set with whortleberries.
120.
a. To ornament (metal or other surface) by inlaying or encrusting it with stones or gems.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > making jewellery or setting with jewels > set or stud (something) with gems [verb (transitive)]
pitchc1300
couchc1330
setc1370
enchasea1533
chasec1540
gem1610
ingem1611
engem?1614
gemmate1623
c1370 Robt. Cicyle 57 (Cambr.) Alle was set with perrye.
c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 290 Sencers..set wiþ riche stones.
1431 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 27 A myter of cloth of gold set with stones.
1572–3 in J. Nichols Progresses Queen Elizabeth (1823) I. 324 One ring of golde sett with diamondes lozengye.
1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace xxxiv. 575 A sword that hath an hilt of Gold, set thick with Diamonds.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1651 (1955) III. 41 Whose belt <was all> set with Pearle.
1795 Gentleman's Mag. 65 607/1 A superb watch, set with brilliants.
b. To surround (a large stone) with a mount of small stones; to mount (an object) in a particular metal. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > making jewellery or setting with jewels > set or stud (something) with gems [verb (transitive)] > surround large stone with smaller stones
set1506
1506 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1901) III. 246 Ane mergreit set with stanes.
1705 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 584 He had a most rich George in a Sardonix set with Diamond.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. viii. 157 I got it [sc. a Maid of Honor's Corn] hollowed into a Cup and set in Silver.
1728 J. Gay Beggar's Opera i. vi. 7 And this Snuff-box... Set in Gold!
121.
a. passive. To be studded, dotted, lined, etc. with a number of objects; occasionally †to be adorned or trimmed with. to be set about (archaic) or to be set round with, to be surrounded or encircled with, to have a circle of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > be surrounded [verb (intransitive)]
to be set abouta1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. vii. 2 As an hep of whete, set aboute with lilies.
a1400 Parl. 3 Ages 31 And he assommet and sett of vi and of fyve.
c1400 Anturs of Arth. (Camden) x In clething vn-clere Was sette aure [Thornton MS. Cerkelytt] with serpentes, that sate to the sidus.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. ii. 90 Enuyronned and set aboute wyth gardes & wacche-men.
1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. b iv Quadrat is calde in armys whan the felde is set with sum tokyn of armys.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xviii. 51 b A very fayre fountaine, set about with diuers faire cypres trees.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xxii. 60 b A rich pauillion of..satten set with gold and siluer.
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 6 A brownish stalke..set with long sharpe leaues.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 755 As with Starrs thir bodies all And Wings were set with Eyes. View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 359 An admirable Picture..set about with columns of Alabaster.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1660 (1955) III. 246 The windos & balconies all set with Ladys.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 383. ¶4 How thick the City was set with Churches.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 14 Fantastically set With cupola or minaret.
1889 M. E. Carter Mrs. Severn III. iii. viii. 205 The serene sky was set with stars.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xxiv. 252 A small ante-chamber, set round with velvet settees.
b. rare in the corresponding active use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)] > at intervals in a surface
setc1386
stud1823
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter (a surface) with something
sticka1350
setc1386
ficche1413
sprinkle?1518
scatter1590
sow1611
spatter1647
shower1798
c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 382 A corone on hire heed they han ydressed And sette hire ful of Nowches.
1882 Cent. Mag. 24 398/1 Winter had set them [the summits of the mountain] with snowy castles.
122.
a. To beset or besiege (a place or a person): esp. with about. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)]
belieOE
besita1100
beset?c1225
assiege1297
besiege1297
belayc1320
umsiegea1325
ensiegec1380
environa1382
to set before1382
siege1390
forset?a1400
foldc1400
setc1400
to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449
oppugn?a1475
pursue1488
obsess1503
ferma1522
gird1548
begird1589
beleaguer1590
block1591
invest1591
intermure1606
blockade1684
to lay blockade to1713
leaguer1720
to form the siege1776
cerne1857
c1400 Rom. Rose 7342 They..set the castel al aboute.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxi. 5408 He was set harde.
a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 291 We here be sett all abowte.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 715/1 I set rounde aboute, as a man is with his enemyes, or a beest with hunters.
b. figurative esp. in passive phrase to be hard set, †to be ill set, to be in great straits or hard put to it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > present difficulties [verb (intransitive)] > be in difficulties or straits
to be hard bested?c1225
to be hard set1387
to be hard (straitly, stiffly, etc.) steada1400
to have mistera1400
charge1487
to be hard (also sorely, etc.) put to ita1616
straiten1647
to be ill set1673
press1813
to be up a gum tree1829
push1863
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 473 Þe kyng..was hard i-sette wiþ tempest in þe see.
1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) xx. 20 Lufe, Quhilk now setts the so sair.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 449 I sall hald that I haue hecht, bot I be hard set.
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme iii. ix. (heading) How hard set the Atheist will be for a subterfuge against this story.
1673 O. Heywood Autobiogr., Diaries, Anecd. & Event Bks. (1883) III. 204 They were ill set to liue.
1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved xxix. 433 The poor Creature is very hard set to drive his Water from him.
1891 Temple Bar Dec. 514 He..was hard set to restrain himself in his desire.
123.
a. Of a hunting dog: To mark the position of (game) by stopping dead and pointing the muzzle towards it. (Cf. setter n.1 11.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (transitive)] > point
set1621
pointc1692
stand1863
peg1892
1621 G. Markham Hungers Preuention 255 If..you chaunce to see your dogge to make a sudden stop..you shall then presently make into him (for he hath set the Partridge).
1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. at Arrester To set Quails, or Partridges, as a setting Dog does.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiv. 404 To see a Dog set patridge.
1892 Field 7 May 666/3 I remember once having a young setter dog out with me, when he set a partridge on her nest.
b. transferred and figurative.
ΚΠ
1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal i. v. 23 Yet for all this Tully sets this Royal Game [sc. Varro].
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1781 II. 379 [Johnson:] Have I said any thing against Mr.****? You have set him, that I might shoot him: but I have not shot him.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. I. 5 My reader may perchance have seen a cat set a mouse.
1888 Times 16 Oct. 10/5 The puppy was..encouraged forward on my trail..and ‘set’ me without a fault.
c. intransitive. To set game. †Also formerly (of persons), to go setting, to hunt with a setter. to set dead, to make a dead set: see setting n.1 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > work done by hounds > action of hounds [verb (intransitive)] > point or drop
point1742
set1775
stand1806
drop1840
1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 12 His dog may refuse to set.
1841 H. Miller Old Red Sandstone (1887) iii. 66 The puppy of the setting-dog squats down and sets untaught.
1892 Field 23 July 124/1 He..steals along a few paces, and then sets rigidly, just as an old grey hen flushes.
1897 Badminton Mag. Apr. 456 The mother, twenty yards off, backs her point and sets dead.
d. Of persons, to go a-setting: see setting n.1 1c(b).
124.
a. Nautical. To take the bearings of (an object).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > work out a course > take bearing of
set1626
1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 18 Set him by the Compasse.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 38 Set the land, how it beares by the Compasse.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. x We weigh'd Anchor, hois'd up Sail, stow'd the Boats, set the Land, and stood for the Offing.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Setting We set the Tower of Arabia near the port of Alexandria.
1808 T. Ashe Trav. Amer. 1806 I. 25 Having set the house with a pocket-compass.
1863 J. B. Harbord Gloss. Navigation (at cited word)
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Set the chase, to mark well the position of the vessel chased by bearing.
b. To sight or ‘make’ (land, a vessel). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > [verb (transitive)] > reach by sailing or arrive at
arrivec1440
to fall with ——?c1475
feta1547
seize1588
fetch1589
purchase1589
to fall in1598
porta1625
set1632
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 328 When they set land, Some this, some that, doe gesse, this Hill, that Cape.
125.
a. To mark down as prey, fix on as a victim, make a set at; to watch for the purpose of apprehending or robbing. slang. (Cf. setter n.1 7a.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > lie in wait for
keepc1000
waitc1200
aspya1250
awaita1250
wait onc1390
to wait on ——1390
forestall1413
belay1470
to lay fora1513
waylay1513
forelay1548
ambush1555
counterwait1562
to lie for1611
set1670
1670 Mem. Du Vall 8 He, with his Squadron, overtakes a Coach which they had set over night.
1692 T. Sprat Relation Late Wicked Contrivance i. 50 He might come to Rob, or to Set the House.
1728 J. Gay Beggar's Opera iii. iv. 43 There will be deep Play to-night at Marybone,..I'll give you the Hint who is worth Setting.
1732 Tricks of Town 11 The Dogs that belong to private Families and Shopkeepers, the proper time for setting them is generally soon after Seven in the Morning.
1800 in Cornwallis Corr. (1859) III. 320 The person who procured for me all the intelligence respecting Lord Edward Fitzgerald, and got —— to set him.
1890 Argus (Melbourne) 2 July 8/3 Two of the fraternity ‘setting’ a young man..and endeavouring to win the gold for which he had laboured.
b. to have or get (a person) set: to have a score to settle with, ‘have it in for’ (that person). Australian and New Zealand slang. Cf. set n.1 7b.
ΚΠ
1916 C. J. Dennis Songs Sentimental Bloke (new ed.) 40 This Romeo 'e's lurkin' wiv a crew—A dead tough crowd o' crooks—called Montague. 'Is cliner's push—wot's nick~named Capulet—They 'as 'em set.
c1926 ‘Mixer’ Transport Workers' Song Bk. 17 You growl and swear you can't get work Or the boss has got you set.
1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. vi. 121 A man who has acquired a strong dislike of another person... He gets someone set and words him, rebukes him.
1959 S. J. Baker Drum 112 Get someone set, to have a grudge against a person; to prepare to pay someone out.
126. Scots Law. To reject, set aside. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [verb (transitive)] > reject a witness or juror
set1678
1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 498 Thus an Assiser was set..because he was not twenty five Years of age.
1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 529 To object against a witness in our Law, is called to cast a witness, or to set him.

Phrasal verbs

PV1. With prepositions in specialized senses (intransitive). to set about ——
1.
a. To begin working at, take in hand, begin upon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)]
underfoc893
fandOE
onfangOE
undernimc1000
takec1175
to take tillc1175
to take toa1250
underfongc1330
undertakea1340
to take in (also on) handa1350
undertakec1385
attamec1386
to take in (also on) handc1390
embrace1393
emprisec1410
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to go upon ——c1450
enterprise?1473
to set (one's) hand to1477
go?a1500
accept1524
assume1530
to hent in (also upon) handc1540
to swallow up1544
to take to task1546
to go into ——?1548
to set in hand1548
to fare about1563
entertain1569
undergo1606
to set about ——1611
to take up1660
to come at ——1901
1611 Second Maiden's Trag. (1909) iii. i. 37 He will weigh The worke he vndertakes, and sett about it Een in the best sobrietie of his Iudgemt.
a1616 [see γ. forms].
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 189 I purpose God willing to set about Hosea & to try if I can get it to the presse here.
1708 Ld. Shaftesbury Let. conc. Enthusiasm 8 Men..are wonderfully happy in a Faculty of deceiving themselves, whenever they set heartily about it.
1784 New Spect. No. 1. 6 My friend sat about it with great diligence.
1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor xii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 307 Let every man and woman here set about their ain business.
1865 J. Ruskin Sesame & Lilies i. 5 This essential education might be more easily got..if they set about it in the right way.
1889 A. Conan Doyle Micah Clarke xxx. 313 We had best set about our part of the contract.
b. const. infinitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > set to work upon or begin to deal with
to set about ——a1300
to set upon ——1555
fall1589
to deal on, upon1597
to break up1688
begin1808
to set up1857
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1580 Þe scham, þe sin þat þan was vte At tell war lang to sett aboute [Gött. sitt aboute, Fairf. syte a-bout].
1736 T. Lediard Life Marlborough I. 147 The Queen set about to form Her Ministry.
1840 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 1 iv. 404 He sets about to clean his land in good earnest.
1889 ‘M. Gray’ Reproach of Annesley I. i. iv. 94 He scrambled to his feet, and set about to console himself.
c. const. gerund.
ΚΠ
1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 24 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1443 I..will set about doing the orders contained therein.
a1774 O. Goldsmith tr. P. Scarron Comic Romance (1775) II. xix. 172 Don Sancho's servant..immediately sat about enquiring into Dorothea's conduct.
1865 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings (1879) vii. 34 I will set about explaining what I mean.
1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. 173 Peel..set about forming a new party.
2. To set upon, attack. colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)]
assail?c1225
to set on ——c1290
saila1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
to set against ——c1330
impugnc1384
offendc1385
weighc1386
checka1400
to lay at?a1400
havec1400
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
rehetea1450
besail1460
fray1465
tuilyie1487
assaulta1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
sturt1513
attempt1546
lay1580
tilt1589
to fall aboard——1593
yoke1596
to let into1598
to fall foul1602
attack1655
do1780
to go in at1812
to pitch into ——1823
tackle1828
vampire1832
bushwhack1837
to go for ——1838
take1864
pile1867
volcano1867
to set about ——1879
vampirize1888
to get stuck into1910
to take to ——1911
weigh1941
rugby-tackle1967
rugger-tackle1967
1879 J. W. Horsley Jottings from Jail (1887) 5 This got to my father's ears; when I went home he set about me with a strap until he was tired.
1906 Daily Chron. 22 May 3/3 It is always well to name the antagonist whom you are setting about.
to set against ——
1. To make an attack upon, be hostile to. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)]
assail?c1225
to set on ——c1290
saila1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
to set against ——c1330
impugnc1384
offendc1385
weighc1386
checka1400
to lay at?a1400
havec1400
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
rehetea1450
besail1460
fray1465
tuilyie1487
assaulta1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
sturt1513
attempt1546
lay1580
tilt1589
to fall aboard——1593
yoke1596
to let into1598
to fall foul1602
attack1655
do1780
to go in at1812
to pitch into ——1823
tackle1828
vampire1832
bushwhack1837
to go for ——1838
take1864
pile1867
volcano1867
to set about ——1879
vampirize1888
to get stuck into1910
to take to ——1911
weigh1941
rugby-tackle1967
rugger-tackle1967
the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > show hostility to [verb (transitive)]
to set against ——c1330
ill-favour1899
snout1916
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures
fangc1320
hurtlec1374
impugnc1384
weighc1386
to fall upon ——a1398
to start on ——a1398
oppugn?1435
to lay to, untoa1500
onseta1522
wipe1523
to set against ——1542
to fall aboard——1593
aggress1596
to fall foul1602
attack1613
appugn1615
to set upon ——1639
to fall on ——1641
to lay home, hard, hardly to1650
tack1720
bombard1766
savage1796
to pitch into ——1823
to begin upon a personc1825
bulldog1842
to down on (also upon)a1848
to set at ——1849
to start on ——a1851
to start in on1859
set on at or to1862
to let into1872
to go for ——1890
swash1890
slog1891
to get at ——1893
tee1955
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 4874 Þis paiens..oȝains þis children set.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2082 I my-selfe with a sowme set þaim agayns.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 333 He spared not to sette against Philippus wt moste vehemente oracions.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 147 You all are bent To set against mee. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Ezek. xix. 8 The nations set against him on euery side. View more context for this quotation
1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Mark vii. 9 You think it very well done, to set against Godliness and God's own Laws.
2. To compensate, balance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > balance against or counterbalance
gaina1375
counterpoise1393
peisea1400
weigh1583
set1589
poise1600
to weigh against, again1600
affront1609
balance1624
cancel1633
counterbalance1636
counterpose1636
compensate1656
equilibriatea1657
outset1656
equiponderate1661
equipoise1664
equibalance1665
offset1673
countersway1710
to set off1749
counterweigh1825
equilibrate1829
to set against ——1832
equilibrize1833
1832 H. Martineau Homes Abroad vii. 104 Such a fright as we have had will set against a great deal of the good.
3. To move in a direction opposed to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)]
withgo743
to go again ——OE
withsayc1175
again-goc1275
withsitc1300
thwarta1325
to go against ——a1382
counter1382
repugnc1384
adversea1393
craba1400
gainsaya1400
movec1400
overthwart?a1425
to put (also set) one's face againsta1425
traversea1425
contrairc1425
to take again ——c1425
contraryc1430
to take against ——a1450
opposec1485
again-seta1500
gain?a1500
oppone1500
transverse1532
to come up against1535
heave at1546
to be against1549
encounter1549
to set shoulder against1551
to fly in the face of1553
crossc1555
to cross with1590
countermand1592
forstand1599
opposit1600
thorter1608
obviate1609
disputea1616
obstrigillate1623
contradict1632
avert1635
to set one's hand against1635
top1641
militate1642
to come across ——1653
contrariate1656
to cross upon (or on)1661
shock1667
clash1685
rencounter1689
obtend1697
counteract1708
oppugnate1749
retroact?1761
controvert1782
react1795
to set against ——1859
appose-
1859 T. Parker Exper. as Minister in Wks. (1865) XII. 318 Public opinion, now setting against this beastly vice.
1889 C. Larking With Everything against Her III. xi. 245 On the last day luck set dead against her.
to set at ——
To assail, attack. (Cf. to set about —— 2 at Phrasal verbs 1, to set against —— 1 at Phrasal verbs 1, to set into —— at Phrasal verbs 1.)
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]
greetc893
overfallOE
riseOE
assail?c1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
onseekc1275
to set on ——c1290
infighta1300
saila1300
to go upon ——c1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
annoyc1380
impugnc1384
offendc1385
to fall on ——a1387
sault1387
affrayc1390
to set upon ——1390
to fall upon ——a1398
to lay at?a1400
semblea1400
assayc1400
havec1400
aset1413
oppressa1425
attachc1425
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
fray1465
oppugn?a1475
sayc1475
envaye1477
pursue1488
envahisshe1489
assaulta1500
to lay to, untoa1500
requirea1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
assemblec1515
expugn1530
to fare on1535
to fall into ——1550
mount1568
attack?1576
affront1579
invest1598
canvass1599
to take arms1604
attempt1605
to make force at, to, upon1607
salute1609
offence1614
strikea1616
to give a lift at1622
to get at ——1650
insult1697
to walk into ——1794
to go in at1812
to go for ——1838
to light on ——1842
strafe1915
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)]
assail?c1225
to set on ——c1290
saila1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
to set against ——c1330
impugnc1384
offendc1385
weighc1386
checka1400
to lay at?a1400
havec1400
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
rehetea1450
besail1460
fray1465
tuilyie1487
assaulta1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
sturt1513
attempt1546
lay1580
tilt1589
to fall aboard——1593
yoke1596
to let into1598
to fall foul1602
attack1655
do1780
to go in at1812
to pitch into ——1823
tackle1828
vampire1832
bushwhack1837
to go for ——1838
take1864
pile1867
volcano1867
to set about ——1879
vampirize1888
to get stuck into1910
to take to ——1911
weigh1941
rugby-tackle1967
rugger-tackle1967
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures
fangc1320
hurtlec1374
impugnc1384
weighc1386
to fall upon ——a1398
to start on ——a1398
oppugn?1435
to lay to, untoa1500
onseta1522
wipe1523
to set against ——1542
to fall aboard——1593
aggress1596
to fall foul1602
attack1613
appugn1615
to set upon ——1639
to fall on ——1641
to lay home, hard, hardly to1650
tack1720
bombard1766
savage1796
to pitch into ——1823
to begin upon a personc1825
bulldog1842
to down on (also upon)a1848
to set at ——1849
to start on ——a1851
to start in on1859
set on at or to1862
to let into1872
to go for ——1890
swash1890
slog1891
to get at ——1893
tee1955
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) i. xliii. 26 Ne were ye so gret a ladi, ye shulde right soone haue þe werre, and at yow j wolde sette.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xlixv They were priuely sett at and in many ieopardies.
1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 262/1 He sets at the church..and he deals it..strong advice and comment.
1874 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxi, in Monthly Packet June 523 I would go, although as many devils should set at me as there are tiles on the house-tops.
to set by ——
see 91c.
to set into ——
1. To enter or embark upon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)]
beginc1000
take?a1160
comsea1225
gina1325
commencec1330
tamec1386
to take upa1400
enterc1510
to stand to1567
incept1569
start1570
to set into ——1591
initiate1604
imprime1637
to get to ——1655
flesh1695
to start on ——1885
1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Life Agricola in tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. 243 Boldnesse to challenge and set into dangers.
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Bb1v When Schollars come to the practises of professions, or other actions of ciuill life, which when they set into [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
2. To get into (a certain condition).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare or get ready [verb (intransitive)]
buskc1330
agraith1340
to make readya1382
arraya1387
providec1425
prepare1517
addressa1522
apparel1523
bouna1525
buckle1563
to make frecka1572
fettle?c1600
fix1716
to set into ——1825
to show foot1825
ready1878
to fang a pump, (loosely) a well1883
prep1900
to get (oneself) organized1926
to sharpen one's pencil1957
1825 in W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 292 I begin..setting into wind to follow the foxhounds in November.
to set on ——
= to set upon —— at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]
greetc893
overfallOE
riseOE
assail?c1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
onseekc1275
to set on ——c1290
infighta1300
saila1300
to go upon ——c1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
annoyc1380
impugnc1384
offendc1385
to fall on ——a1387
sault1387
affrayc1390
to set upon ——1390
to fall upon ——a1398
to lay at?a1400
semblea1400
assayc1400
havec1400
aset1413
oppressa1425
attachc1425
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
fray1465
oppugn?a1475
sayc1475
envaye1477
pursue1488
envahisshe1489
assaulta1500
to lay to, untoa1500
requirea1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
assemblec1515
expugn1530
to fare on1535
to fall into ——1550
mount1568
attack?1576
affront1579
invest1598
canvass1599
to take arms1604
attempt1605
to make force at, to, upon1607
salute1609
offence1614
strikea1616
to give a lift at1622
to get at ——1650
insult1697
to walk into ——1794
to go in at1812
to go for ——1838
to light on ——1842
strafe1915
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)]
assail?c1225
to set on ——c1290
saila1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
to set against ——c1330
impugnc1384
offendc1385
weighc1386
checka1400
to lay at?a1400
havec1400
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
rehetea1450
besail1460
fray1465
tuilyie1487
assaulta1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
sturt1513
attempt1546
lay1580
tilt1589
to fall aboard——1593
yoke1596
to let into1598
to fall foul1602
attack1655
do1780
to go in at1812
to pitch into ——1823
tackle1828
vampire1832
bushwhack1837
to go for ——1838
take1864
pile1867
volcano1867
to set about ——1879
vampirize1888
to get stuck into1910
to take to ——1911
weigh1941
rugby-tackle1967
rugger-tackle1967
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 16/530 A cristine man sone he mette,..and on him faste he sette.
c1450 Brut ii. 434 He set sore on the Frensshe men.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. x. 87 Syr said a knyght set on arthur for they are wery and forfoughten.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxxvj The Frenchemen, beyng sodainly surprised and set on.
1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xlii. sig. H1v He..sets boldly on good natures, as the most vanquishable.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 136 The Company behind us, were set on by Rogues.
1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions II. 447 With despair pictured in every face, the crew set on the pumps.
1892 Sat. Rev. 13 Aug. 185/2 If you see a man set on by robbers.
to set to ——
see 14b, 103, 113c.
to set upon ——
1.
a. To attack, assail, fall violently upon.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (transitive)]
greetc893
overfallOE
riseOE
assail?c1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
onseekc1275
to set on ——c1290
infighta1300
saila1300
to go upon ——c1300
to turn one's handc1325
lashc1330
annoyc1380
impugnc1384
offendc1385
to fall on ——a1387
sault1387
affrayc1390
to set upon ——1390
to fall upon ——a1398
to lay at?a1400
semblea1400
assayc1400
havec1400
aset1413
oppressa1425
attachc1425
to set at ——c1430
fraya1440
fray1465
oppugn?a1475
sayc1475
envaye1477
pursue1488
envahisshe1489
assaulta1500
to lay to, untoa1500
requirea1500
enterprise?1510
invade1513
assemblec1515
expugn1530
to fare on1535
to fall into ——1550
mount1568
attack?1576
affront1579
invest1598
canvass1599
to take arms1604
attempt1605
to make force at, to, upon1607
salute1609
offence1614
strikea1616
to give a lift at1622
to get at ——1650
insult1697
to walk into ——1794
to go in at1812
to go for ——1838
to light on ——1842
strafe1915
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 247 The lordes alle upon him sette With drawe swerdes.
1525 J. Russell in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 300 Wheere the Emperors thought to have set upon them being encamped, they founde them in array and goode ordre.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 716/1 They dyd sette upon me foure to one.
1562 J. Mountgomery in Archaeologia (1883) 47 230 His maister..meteth whithe theeves..And ys sett vpon by them.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes i. §60. 100 David..set upon a Beare at one time, and on a Lion at another, and slew them both.
1663 S. Pepys Diary 11 May (1971) IV. 131 I was set upon by a great dog, who got hold of my garters.
1722 St. James's Evening Post 14–16 June 2/1 A young Man was set upon by three Rogues..and robb'd of Bills and Money.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xliii. 434 Wounded, hunted, set upon by dogs.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xii. 109 The Danes came against them and set upon them again and again.
b. in immaterial sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures
fangc1320
hurtlec1374
impugnc1384
weighc1386
to fall upon ——a1398
to start on ——a1398
oppugn?1435
to lay to, untoa1500
onseta1522
wipe1523
to set against ——1542
to fall aboard——1593
aggress1596
to fall foul1602
attack1613
appugn1615
to set upon ——1639
to fall on ——1641
to lay home, hard, hardly to1650
tack1720
bombard1766
savage1796
to pitch into ——1823
to begin upon a personc1825
bulldog1842
to down on (also upon)a1848
to set at ——1849
to start on ——a1851
to start in on1859
set on at or to1862
to let into1872
to go for ——1890
swash1890
slog1891
to get at ——1893
tee1955
1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 205 Of all brags the foolishest is, that which sets upon the reputation of a weake sex.
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. of Gouernem. i. xi. §118 However sin might set upon him.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 16. ¶3 If I attack the Vicious, I shall only set upon them in a Body.
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 356 This is the reason why my three accusers..have set upon me.
2. To urge strongly, importune. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > try to persuade
stirc1380
pressc1440
fanda1500
attempta1547
invite1548
procure1551
to threap (something) upon1571
to set upon ——1652
flog1793
1652 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Hist. Relations Flanders 158 The Princesse was secretly set upon in private to suffer herself to bee conveyed away.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 236 The best of the Episcopal Clergy set upon the Bishops, to lay hold on this opportunity.
1883 G. N. Bankes Cambr. Staircase vi. 95 Milstead again set upon Oxden for his story.
3. = to set about at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > tackle or proceed to deal with
entreat?a1450
overtakea1500
to go on ——1508
take1523
to go about ——?1533
to set upon ——1555
fall1589
to turn one's hand1628
to take to task1649
tackle1847
to take on1898
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > set to work upon or begin to deal with
to set about ——a1300
to set upon ——1555
fall1589
to deal on, upon1597
to break up1688
begin1808
to set up1857
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xii. 300 It behoued them to sende for the Bishoppe, to hallowe the firste corner stone... And then might the Masons sette vpon the reste, but not afore.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 146 It was my fortune to set upon a hard and difficult building in a Church of Mixco.
1681 R. L'Estrange tr. Cicero Offices (ed. 2) 69 Him that sets upon Building.
1709 J. Strype Ann. Reformation xxiii. 234 The Dean..exciting them with all his Rhetorick, to set upon the Reparation of it.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §103 To level the Sugar-Loaf..would..be a serious work; as it never could be set upon except when the sea was remarkably still.
4. Nautical. To haul or pull upon.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > work ropes or cables in specific ways
windc1550
veer1590
veer1604
rousea1625
heave1626
overhaul1626
ease1627
pay1627
reeve1627
unbend1627
to come up1685
overhale1692
to pay away1769
surge1769
render1777
to pay out1793
to round down1793
to set upon ——1793
swig1794
veer1806
snake1815
to side out for a bend1831
rack1841
snub1841
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 196 This tackle being a little slacked,..and then set upon.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) 197 The rope..being then set upon by the main tackle.
PV2. With adverbs in specialized senses. to set about
To circulate, spread about (a statement, report). Now chiefly northern dialect.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)]
sowc888
blowc1275
dispeple1297
to do abroadc1300
fame1303
publyc1350
defamea1382
publisha1382
open?1387
proclaima1393
slandera1400
spreada1400
abroachc1400
throwc1400
to give outa1425
promote?a1425
noisec1425
publicc1430
noisec1440
divulgea1464
to put outc1475
skail1487
to come out witha1500
bruit1525
bruita1529
to bear out1530
divulgate1530
promulgate1530
propale?1530
ventilate1530
provulgate1535
sparple1536
sparse1536
promulge1539
disperse1548
publicate1548
forthtell1549
hurly-burly?1550
propagate1554
to set abroada1555
utter1561
to set forth1567
blaze1570
evulgate1570
scatter1576
rear?1577
to carry about1585
pervulgate1586
celebrate?1596
propalate1598
vent1602
evulge1611
to give forth1611
impublic1628
ventilate1637
disseminate1643
expose1644
emit1650
to put about1664
to send abroad1681
to get abroad1688
to take out1697
advertise1710
forward1713
to set abouta1715
circulate1780
broadcast1829
vent1832
vulgate1851
debit1879
float1883
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 168 Many discourses were set about upon this occasion.
1890 Sat. Rev. 4 Oct. 385/1 Alarming reports have been set about as to the imminence of serious trouble.
to set abroach
archaic.
1. To broach (a cask, liquor).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > open [verb (transitive)] > open to use or a source > broach (a cask, etc.)
to set abroach1390
attame1393
abroachc1400
tame?a1412
broachc1440
to set a (on) broachc1440
strikea1616
tap1694
peg1721
spile1832
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 183 Riht as who sette a tonne abroche.
c1460 [see ].
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 209 The Jarrs of gen'rous Wine..He set abroach, and for the Feast prepar'd.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 67 Hogsheads of ale and claret were set abroach in the streets.
figurative.14.. J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy (Digby MS.) iv. 2464 He..gan approche & wiþ his swerd to sette a broche..þe Grekys hatful blood.1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles ii. i My Purse set a broch By euerie cheating come you seauen?1763 C. Johnstone Reverie (new ed.) I. p. iv He had drunk of his wine, which now began to warm his heart, and set all his secrets abroach.
2. To set on foot, set going, give currency or publicity to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)]
beginc1175
baptizec1384
to set a (on) broachc1440
open1471
to set abroachc1475
entame1477
to set afloat1559
initiate1604
first1607
principiate1613
to set afoot or on foot1615
unclap1621
inchoatea1631
flush1633
to set on1638
principatec1650
rudiment1654
auspicate1660
embryonate1666
to strike up1711
start1723
institutea1797
float1833
spark1912
c1475 Mankind 572 in Macro Plays 21 Ther xall be sett a-broche a clerycall mater.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 19v Than euery one of them setteth his shiftes abroche.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 14v There set they a broche straunge consortes of melodie.
1638 Bp. J. Wilkins Discov. New World (1684) ii. 2 Let but some upstart Heresie be set abroach.
1702 Eng. Theophrastus 324 A studied and a laborious forecast toward the setting of a humour abroach.
1835 R. Browning Paracelsus iii. 110 But 'twas not my desire to set abroach Such memories and forebodings.
to set abroad
Obsolete.
1. To spread abroad, spread wide.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > spread (something) out or open
abredeeOE
bredeOE
stretcha1000
to-spreada1000
openOE
spreadc1175
displayc1320
to let outc1380
to open outc1384
outspreada1400
spald?a1400
splayc1402
expand?a1475
to lay along1483
speld?a1500
skail1513
to set abroad1526
to lay abroad1530
flarec1550
bespread1557
to set out1573
dispread1590
explaina1600
expanse1600
dispack1605
splat1615
dispand1656
extend1676
flat1709
spelder1710
spreadeagle1829
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxiii. f. xxxijv They sett abroade there philateris, and make large borders on there garmenttes.
2. To publish (a treatise); to circulate (a report); to disseminate (a disease); to set (a matter) on foot.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)]
sowc888
blowc1275
dispeple1297
to do abroadc1300
fame1303
publyc1350
defamea1382
publisha1382
open?1387
proclaima1393
slandera1400
spreada1400
abroachc1400
throwc1400
to give outa1425
promote?a1425
noisec1425
publicc1430
noisec1440
divulgea1464
to put outc1475
skail1487
to come out witha1500
bruit1525
bruita1529
to bear out1530
divulgate1530
promulgate1530
propale?1530
ventilate1530
provulgate1535
sparple1536
sparse1536
promulge1539
disperse1548
publicate1548
forthtell1549
hurly-burly?1550
propagate1554
to set abroada1555
utter1561
to set forth1567
blaze1570
evulgate1570
scatter1576
rear?1577
to carry about1585
pervulgate1586
celebrate?1596
propalate1598
vent1602
evulge1611
to give forth1611
impublic1628
ventilate1637
disseminate1643
expose1644
emit1650
to put about1664
to send abroad1681
to get abroad1688
to take out1697
advertise1710
forward1713
to set abouta1715
circulate1780
broadcast1829
vent1832
vulgate1851
debit1879
float1883
society > communication > printing > publishing > publish [verb (transitive)]
to put forth1482
to put out1529
to set forth1535
promulge1539
to set abroada1555
present1559
to set out1559
utter1561
divulge1566
publish1573
print?1594
emit1650
edition1715
edit1727
to give to the world1757
to get out1786
to send forth1849
to bring out1878
run1879
release1896
pub1932
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > make diseased [verb (transitive)] > spread disease
to set abroada1555
the world > space > extension in space > spreading or diffusion > [verb (transitive)] > specific something immaterial
sowc888
forspreada1300
breathea1425
diffusea1425
transfusec1425
sparkle?1533
seminate1535
enlarge1553
propagate1554
disperse1576
proseminate1619
disseminate1643
infusea1672
overpass1679
to set abroad1688
vulgate1851
a1555 J. Bradford in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xlv. 127 Thoughe yt be never so daungerous to me to sett this lyttell Treatys abroad.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxliii. 265 The plague..was set abroade in the towne through buying..bedding..infected.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 192 And set abroad new busines for you all. View more context for this quotation
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ooo/1 To set a Story abroad.
1759 S. Fielding Hist. Countess of Dellwyn I. 257 Ingeniously set it abroad that a Fire had happened.
to set adown
† = to set down at Phrasal verbs 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)]
anitherOE
fellOE
lowc1175
to lay lowc1225
to set adownc1275
snuba1340
meekc1350
depose1377
aneantizea1382
to bring lowa1387
declinea1400
meekenc1400
to pull downc1425
avalec1430
to-gradea1440
to put downc1440
humble1484
alow1494
deject?1521
depress1526
plucka1529
to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533
to bring down1535
to bring basec1540
adbass1548
diminish1560
afflict1561
to take down1562
to throw down1567
debase1569
embase1571
diminute1575
to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576
exinanite1577
to take (a person) a peg lower1589
to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589
disbasea1592
to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592
comb-cut1593
unpuff1598
atterr1605
dismount1608
annihilate1610
crest-fall1611
demit1611
pulla1616
avilea1617
to put a scorn on, upon1633
mortify1639
dimit1658
to put a person's pipe out1720
to let down1747
to set down1753
humiliate1757
to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789
start1821
squabash1822
to wipe a person's eye1823
to crop the feathers of1827
embarrass1839
to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864
to sit upon ——1864
squelch1864
to cut out of all feather1865
to sit on ——1868
to turn down1870
to score off1882
to do (a person) in the eye1891
puncture1908
to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908
to cut down to size1927
flatten1932
to slap (a person) down1938
punk1963
society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)]
outOE
deposec1300
remuec1325
to put out1344
to set downc1369
deprivec1374
outputa1382
removea1382
to throw outa1382
to put downc1384
privea1387
to set adowna1387
to put out of ——?a1400
amovec1425
disappoint1434
unmakec1475
dismiss1477
dispoint1483
voidc1503
to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546
relieve1549
cass1550
displace1553
unauthorize1554
to wring out1560
seclude1572
eject1576
dispost1577
decass1579
overboard1585
cast1587
sequester1587
to put to grass1589
cashier1592
discompose1599
abdicate1610
unseat1611
dismount1612
disoffice1627
to take off1642
unchair1645
destitute1653
lift1659
resign1674
quietus1688
superannuate1692
derange1796
shelve1812
shelf1819
Stellenbosch1900
defenestrate1917
axe1922
retire1961
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of sitting > be sitting or seated [verb (intransitive)] > sit down
sitOE
to sit adownc1275
to sit downc1300
to make one's seata1400
to set adowna1400
to set downc1400
seat1596
pitch1796
roost1816
take a pew1898
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9822 We weoren..for gode men iholden. a þat Sæxisce men setten [c1300 Otho sette] us a-dune.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2459 Þanne as bliue þat barn þe best a-doun sette.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 226 Vp-on the..gras They settyn hem ful softely adoun.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 107 And I..deme þat I be disposed and i-sette adoun.
a1400 Coer de L. 2142 The steward on knees him set adown.
to set afloat (†on float)
Obsolete. archaic.
1. To launch, float (literal and figurative).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)]
beginc1175
baptizec1384
to set a (on) broachc1440
open1471
to set abroachc1475
entame1477
to set afloat1559
initiate1604
first1607
principiate1613
to set afoot or on foot1615
unclap1621
inchoatea1631
flush1633
to set on1638
principatec1650
rudiment1654
auspicate1660
embryonate1666
to strike up1711
start1723
institutea1797
float1833
spark1912
society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)]
launch?a1400
puta1450
shoot1487
lance?1518
to set on the sea, water, afloat1559
to set afloat1785
float1885
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Cade xi. 1 See here how fortune setting vs a flote, Brought to our nets a portion of our pray.
1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. iv. iii. sig. I I trust maister Philosarchus fees will be sufficient to set both thee and me a floate.
1785 J. Boswell Jrnl. Tour Hebrides 3 I got our common friends there to assist in setting him afloat.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. ii. v. 65 Wondrous leather-roofed Floating-batteries, set afloat by French-Spanish Pacte de Famille.
2. To bring to the surface (as the dregs of a liquid); hence figurative to set (esp. something bad) in motion, set agog, stir up, make active.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > action or process of floating > cause to float [verb (transitive)]
to set afloat (on float)1586
swim1669
float1853
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > give rise to
makeOE
breedc1200
wakea1325
wakenc1330
engendera1393
gendera1398
raisea1400
begetc1443
reara1513
ingener1513
ingenerate1528
to stir upc1530
yield1576
to pull ona1586
to brood up1586
to set afloat (on float)1586
spawn1594
innate1602
initiate1604
inbreed1605
irritate1612
to give rise to1630
to let in1655
to gig (out)1659
to set up1851
gin1887
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > stir > cause to rise by stirring
raise1581
to set afloat (on float)1586
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 370 The fire of sedition, which setteth a floate all kind of impietie.
1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 184 Seeing all Unsavouriness of Wines whatever seems to proceed from their impurities set afloat.
1724 W. Warburton Misc. Transl. 8 Ill Qualities,..when indiscreetly set on Float, become fatal to the Constitution.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. v. iii. 132 A very trifling Accident set all his Passions again on Float.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. ix. x. 465 Hold your hand..exclaimed I... You must not set my avarice afloat again.
3. To flood (land). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (transitive)]
overruneOE
overflowOE
surround1444
overfleeta1460
infounder1505
overfloat1601
inund1628
deluge1649
inound1657
flood1663
to set on float1692
overflood?1784
inundate1791
float1794
freshet1865
1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 68 So much Water..as..caused a considerable Flood.., setting all the Meadows on flote.
4. To cause to become unsettled, ‘carry away’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > cause nervous excitement or agitate [verb (transitive)]
to carry away?1529
agitate1591
fermentate1599
tumultuate1616
alarm1620
overwork1645
uncalm1650
flutter1664
pother1692
to set afloata1713
fluctuate1788
fuss1816
tumult1819
to break up1825
rile1857
to steam up1860
to shake up1884
a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 320 [Their] Applause setting his Head afloat, he came up to London.
to set apart
1. To lay aside, put on one side. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]
to let awaya1000
forcast?c1225
to lay downc1275
forthrow1340
flita1375
removea1382
to cast away1382
understrewc1384
castc1390
to lay awaya1400
to lay asidec1440
slingc1440
warpiss1444
to lay from, offc1480
way-put1496
depose1526
to lay apart1526
to put off1526
to set apart1530
to turn up1541
abandonate?1561
devest1566
dispatch1569
decarta1572
discard1578
to make away1580
to fling away1587
to cast off1597
doff1599
cashier1603
to set by1603
moult1604
excuss1607
retorta1616
divest1639
deposit1646
disentail1667
dismiss1675
slough1845
shed1856
jettison1869
shake1872
offload1900
junk1911
dump1919
sluff1934
bin1940
to put down1944
shitcan1973
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 711/1 You may sette this a parte for a whyle, for we shall nat occupye it.
2. To get rid of, do away with. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > do away with or eradicate
to do awayOE
to do outOE
to put awaya1382
outroot?a1425
to set awayc1430
to set apart1455
roota1500
weed1526
ridc1540
root1565
displace1580
root1582
put1584
eradicate1647
eliminate1650
eruncate1651
to knock out1883
1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 279/2 To..purvey for restfull..reule in Wales, and to sette aparte such riottes and disobeisaunces as have be there.
1475 Rolls of Parl. VI. 143/2 That the said blessed intent,..and last Will..be not..fordoon and sett a parte.
3.
a. To dismiss from one's consideration; to put out of one's mind; to cease to entertain, put aside, discontinue. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration
to put out of ——a1250
to lay awaya1400
to set asidec1407
to lay by1439
to lay asidec1440
to let (something) walkc1450
to set apart?1473
reject1490
seclude?1531
to let go1535
to put offc1540
to set by1592
sepose1593
to think away1620
to look over ——a1640
prescind1650
seposit1657
decognize1659
inconsider1697
to set over1701
shelf1819
sink1820
shelve1847
eliminate1848
to count out1854
discounta1856
defenestrate1917
neg1987
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 337v They..sette aparte all dangers and paryllis.
1515 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 103 To set aparte all suche neue besynes as that thenne they hadde begonne.
?1566 J. Phillip Commodye Pacient & Meeke Grissill sig. G.ii Be frollicke and ioyfull set sorowes aparte.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xx. vii. 152 Sequestring and setting apart his anger for that time.
1698 Spelman's Hist. Sacrilege 144 They all set all other Business a-part.
b. in absolute participial phr.
ΚΠ
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 72v That thou retorne in to the mercy of thy fader..alle excusacions set a part.
1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. aa.iiiv Set aperte the goodnes and gentylnes of almyghty god.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xiiijv He would..all delaye sette a parte, repaire into Germany.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. i. 85 All reuerence set apart To him and his vsurp'd authoritie. View more context for this quotation
1636 T. Heywood Challenge i, in Wks. (1874) V. 11 To parallel the Queene in beauty and vertue?.. Which he may easily doe, her Prerogative of birth set apart.
4. To separate for a special purpose; to devote to some use.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > consecration > perform consecration [verb (transitive)]
hallow971
blessc1000
teemc1275
bensyc1315
sacrec1380
dediec1430
consecratea1464
dedify1482
sanctify1483
consacrea1492
speak1502
vow1526
dedicate1530
sequester1533
celebrate1584
devote1586
vow1600
to set apart1604
devout1615
devove1619
devow1626
inauguratea1639
behallow1648
sanctificatea1677
sanctize1691
mancipate1715
sacrate1755
sacrify1827
sacrament1829
sacralize1933
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > for a purpose
reservec1410
separate1526
to set apart1711
to set aside1720
seclude1771
ring-fence1870
1604 S. Hieron Preachers Plea in Wks. (1620) I. 492 Whom God did neuer set a part to that holy seruice.
1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xiii. 12 Thou shalt set apart [ Coverdale, sunder out] vnto the Lord all that openeth the matrix. View more context for this quotation
c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 13 If no places were set apart for the worship of God.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 10. ¶2 Families, that set apart an Hour in every Morning for Tea.
1853 F. D. Maurice Prophets & Kings Old Test. ii. 22 A portion of the sacrifice was set apart for him.
to set aside (†on side)
1. See simple physical senses and aside adv. 1 3; to put on one side.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > set aside
defer1393
to lay asidec1405
to set aside (on side)1412
side?1840
sidetrack1872
1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. 2696 Make þi choyse..Whan euery drogge & pot is set a-syde.
c1430 Art Nombryng (1922) 10 Write a cifre in the place of the figure sette a-side.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 711/2 Set this asyde, tyll I call for it.
a1600 T. Deloney Pleasant Hist. Iohn Winchcomb (1619) i. sig. Cijv Set your link aside and giue mee your hand.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Remouvoir, to remoue, retire, withdraw, set aside, put away.
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia viii. 343 His Roman pile was set aside.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 103 When she has calv'd, then set the Dam aside . View more context for this quotation
2. To discontinue the performance or practice of; also, to discard the intention of doing (something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)] > discard the intention of doing
to set aside1426
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > give up a habit or practice [verb (transitive)]
leaveeOE
forsakec1175
waive1340
twinc1386
refuse1389
to set aside1426
relinquish1454
abuse1471
renouncec1480
disaccustom1483
to break from1530
to lay aside1530
disprofess1590
dropa1616
to set bya1674
decline1679
unpractise?1680
slough1845
shake1872
sluff1934
kick1936
1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 22458 Late lordes..Sette asyde alle fflaterye!
c1440 J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep 90 Lett alle werr and stryffe be sett A-syde.
1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. d viiv Sett thy busynes a whyle a side, And lett vs have fyrst a songe.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 711/2 The kynge wyll, all other thynges set asyde, that you examyne this mannes mater.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iv. i. 182 Our purpos'd hunting shall be set aside . View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 451 Set your Tasks aside.
3. ? To repulse. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > holding out or making stand > hold [verb (transitive)] > repel
defendc1330
rebukec1380
rebut?a1425
rebatea1475
repel?a1475
repulse?a1475
rechasec1475
to set aside1522
push?1571
shoulder1581
to beat back1593
1522 Worlde & Chylde (de Worde) (1909) sig. A.vi To set our enemy sharpely on syde.
4.
a. To dismiss from one's mind, abandon the consideration of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration
to put out of ——a1250
to lay awaya1400
to set asidec1407
to lay by1439
to lay asidec1440
to let (something) walkc1450
to set apart?1473
reject1490
seclude?1531
to let go1535
to put offc1540
to set by1592
sepose1593
to think away1620
to look over ——a1640
prescind1650
seposit1657
decognize1659
inconsider1697
to set over1701
shelf1819
sink1820
shelve1847
eliminate1848
to count out1854
discounta1856
defenestrate1917
neg1987
c1407 J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte 3189 And al they mente in honest wyse, Vnleful lust was set a-syde.
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. ii. sig. Kij Settynge care and thought a syde.
1562 Aberd. Kirk Session Rec. (Spalding Club) 4 All vder excusatioun set asyde.
1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. Aiiv Settinge asyde all feare.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iii. iii. 119 All dissembling set aside, Tell me for truth, the measure of his Loue. View more context for this quotation
1710 W. Wycherley Let. to Pope 1 Apr. Yet..set raillery or compliment aside, I can bear your absence..better than I can your company when you are in pain.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. xi. 274 To make her lady's safety the principal object of her care, setting all other considerations aside.
const. inf.1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre xl, in Posies sig. Hv I set aside to tell the restlesse toyle, The mangled corps.
b. In imperative or participial construction: Excluding, excepting, except for, apart from.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > except or excepting
savec1330
out-takenc1384
saving1386
other thana1425
savea1500
reserving1541
salvo1601
to set aside1610
abstracting from1614
save fora1616
sans1659
exclude1720
aside from1818
saufc1844
out-taking1848
secludinga1851
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 567 I saw Solyhill: but in it, setting a side the Church, there is nothing worth sight.
1652 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Hist. Relations Flanders 55 And set wine aside..they abound in all things necessary for human life.
1657 Earl of Monmouth tr. P. Paruta Politick Disc. 107 But set this respect aside, to live out of a mans Countrie, hath no resemblance of evil.
1760 Impostors Detected II. iii. xi. 123 He was a very good kind of a man, setting aside his figure.
1883 E. Lawless Millionaire's Cousin iv. 95 Setting aside this, all inequality so far as I can see ceases.
c. In participial const.: Not taking account of, let alone. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > exclusiveness [preposition] > not taking account of
to let by1577
to set aside1753
to let alone1812
1753 L. M. tr. J. Du Bosc Accomplish'd Woman I. 61 I think, that setting aside scandal, it were enough to escape their [men's] censure.
1785 Liberal Amer. 1 63 I flattered myself that the sight of a country..which is certainly beautiful, setting aside the charm of novelty, would have amused her.
5. To reject or throw over as being of no value, cogency, or pertinence; to overrule.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > refuse to submit to [verb (transitive)] > set aside authority
recusea1387
unauthorize1554
overridec1565
overtop1584
to set aside1594
to ride over——1651
1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. ii. Chancerie §22 Equitie..setting on side the common rules of the law.
1688 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 583 Such a dispencing power, as might..set aside all Lawes.
1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. i. 33 [He] was brought to set aside his evidence.
1870–2 H. P. Liddon Some Elements Relig. (1904) iv. §i. 133 The existence of moral evil is too patent..a subject, to be permanently set aside by human beings.
1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. vi. 135 The rule of hereditary succession was..set aside.
1885 R. Bridges Nero iii. i. 12/2 To set our honoured oaths and firm allegiance To you aside, as being unjustly sworn.
6. To discard or reject from use or service, in favour of another.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > refrain from using [verb (transitive)] > discard from use > in favour of another
to set aside1576
1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day iii. K iijv Settinge a side such thinges as are requisite for the soules health: And omitting the obseruance of gods holy commaundementes.
1691 Trials Sir R. Graham, etc. 24 Mr. Cradock. My Lord, I know not how I came to be summoned upon this Jury; for I am no Freeholder. L. C. J. Holt. Then set him aside.
1779 Mirror No. 39 When a man of acknowledged honour..sees himself set aside, and obliged to give way to the worthless and contemptible.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 5 If that national force [the militia] were set aside, the gentry of England must lose much of their dignity and influence.
1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) xv. 220 To set aside the elder or Stuart branch, and to substitute..the younger.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xliii. 440 The English prayer-book was set aside, and the Latin mass said again.
7. To annul, quash, render void or nugatory. Chiefly Law.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)] > deprive of legal validity > deny the validity of
quash?a1400
disable1548
infirm1558
overrule1611
null1656
to set aside1765
to strike down1894
1765 C. Johnstone Chrysal IV. i. xii. 78 I have it in my power to set aside the whole unnatural, nonsensical will.
1789 C. Durnford & E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench III. 5 A rule to shew cause..why the verdict should not be set aside and a new trial granted.
1877 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXIII. 61 Nor does it set aside the necessity that those men should cheerfully accept the gospel of Christ.
1883 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 11 591 A rule was subsequently obtained by Mr. Woollett to set that nonsuit aside.
8. To separate out for a particular purpose.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body > for a purpose
reservec1410
separate1526
to set apart1711
to set aside1720
seclude1771
ring-fence1870
1720 T. Gordon & J. Trenchard Independent Whig No. 4 Particular Persons who are set aside and paid for that Purpose.
1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. 91 To set aside a part of the national revenue every year.
1891 Law Times 92 130/2 To set aside a portion of his wages in order to meet Lloyd's debt.
to set away
1. To remove, do away with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > do away with or eradicate
to do awayOE
to do outOE
to put awaya1382
outroot?a1425
to set awayc1430
to set apart1455
roota1500
weed1526
ridc1540
root1565
displace1580
root1582
put1584
eradicate1647
eliminate1650
eruncate1651
to knock out1883
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > do without or get rid of
to set awayc1430
to throw off1551
to dispense with1576
to down with1581
to fling off1587
to fob offa1616
shoot1877
c1430 Art Nombryng (1922) 16 Settyng away alle that is ouer hym in respect of the doublede.
1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie 7th Serm. sig. Ddiv Knoweledge..causeth vs to forget all, and set a waye discipline.
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ooo/2 To set (or put) away, ôter.
2. = set by at sense 91c.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve
reservea1382
keepa1400
sparea1400
savea1450
to put by1568
to put aside1569
to set byc1595
sepose1609
seposit1657
to lay aside1711
to set away1747
to lay by1786
to lay (also put) past1847
to put away1861
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 52 Strain it and set it away for Use.
3. intransitive. To set off. northern dialect.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out
forthfarec888
foundOE
seta1000
to go forthOE
to fare forthc1200
partc1230
to pass forthc1325
to take (the) gatec1330
to take the wayc1330
to take one's waya1375
puta1382
treunt?a1400
movec1400
depart1490
prepare?1518
to set forth1530
to set forward(s)1530
busklea1535
to make out1558
to take forth1568
to set out1583
sally1590
start1591
to go off1600
to put forth1604
to start outa1626
intend1646
to take the road1720
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
to set off1774
to get off1778
to set away1817
to take out1855
to haul out1866
to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873
to hit, split or take the breeze1910
hop1922
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xiv. 316 Mattie had ill-will to see me set awa' on this ride.
to set back
1. To hinder the progress of, give a check to. Hence, with a sum of money as complement: to cost (a person so much). Also figurative, to take aback, to disconcert.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > hinder or delay
bestayc1330
tarry1340
delaya1393
to put aback1450
to pull backa1470
retard1490
tarde1524
retary1526
to throw back1562
forslow1570
backward1594
detain1600
to set back1600
slug1605
retardate1613
tardya1616
taigle?1635
backen1649
remore1652
remorate1657
to cast back1671
to hold up1887
to knock back1945
society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)] > cost
costc1400
to set back1900
to put back1909
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 712/2 I set backewarde, or hynder a mater that it gothe nat forwarde... I have set hym backwarde this mornynge more than he shall come forwarde these seven yeres.]
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iii. 118 Thou hadst more need to set me backe with force of arms.
1647 T. May Hist. Parl. i. ii. 20 The endammaging and setting backe of that newly established Kingdome.
a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 254 By so eagerly pursuing, he effectually setteth back his designs.
1695 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 216 This succeeded much wet, & set harvest extremely backwards.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VI. xix. 56 This had like to have set all back again.
1847 Spirit of Times 31 May 159/1 The captain used to boast that he could pack a gallon without its setting him back any.
1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn viii. 68 The nigger was set back considerable, because he reckoned it was all done with witchcraft.
1900 G. Ade Fables in Slang 131 Daughter was..seated under a Canopy that had set Father back thirty-two Dollars.
1922 S. Lewis Babbitt x. 142 How much'll it set me back?
1937 J. Steinbeck Of Mice & Men 79 ‘What's it set you back?’ George asked. ‘Two and a half [dollars].’
1940 H. L. Ickes Secret Diary (1954) III. 183 This set him back on his heels.
1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 53 ‘Goin' t' leave it?’ the prince asked, a bit set back.
1974 Country Life 14 Nov. 1445/1 Even a moderately-sized piece of cheesecake sets you back 20p.
2. To put (a clock, its hands) to an earlier time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set
setc1400
temper1538
roll1583
rule1595
winda1616
to wind upa1616
to set forwarda1627
to set back1635
regulate1665
to put back1704
to put forward1741
to put on1826
time1873
1635 F. Quarles Emblemes v. vii. 269 Or has some frolick heart set back the hand Of Fates perpetuall Clock?
1892 Illustr. London News 9 Jan. 45/1 They reconcile people to monarchy and set back the clock of progress.
3. intransitive. To flow in the reverse direction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > turn back or reverse course
turnc1275
to turn aboutc1330
repeata1382
to turn againc1384
to turn backc1425
re-turn1483
resore1486
to turn the backc1540
to turn round1560
to set back1803
resile1887
to break back1933
1803 S. Smith Wks. (1859) I. 24/1 Is not the tide of opinions..setting back with a strength equal to its flow?
to set by
1. To put on one side, lay aside. (literal and figurative). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]
to let awaya1000
forcast?c1225
to lay downc1275
forthrow1340
flita1375
removea1382
to cast away1382
understrewc1384
castc1390
to lay awaya1400
to lay asidec1440
slingc1440
warpiss1444
to lay from, offc1480
way-put1496
depose1526
to lay apart1526
to put off1526
to set apart1530
to turn up1541
abandonate?1561
devest1566
dispatch1569
decarta1572
discard1578
to make away1580
to fling away1587
to cast off1597
doff1599
cashier1603
to set by1603
moult1604
excuss1607
retorta1616
divest1639
deposit1646
disentail1667
dismiss1675
slough1845
shed1856
jettison1869
shake1872
offload1900
junk1911
dump1919
sluff1934
bin1940
to put down1944
shitcan1973
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)] > set aside
to strike off1597
to set by1603
open1792
1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 236 Set it by [1623 Set by a-while], I'le haue another bowt first.
1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes iii. ii. 194 in Wks. II To be separated, and set by For Vshers, to old Countesses.
a1642 J. Suckling Goblins i, in Wks. (1874) II. 16 Set him by, till he's sober.
1654 E. Wolley tr. ‘G. de Scudéry’ Curia Politiæ 12 You have forced him not onely to set by his Mil[i]tia, and to depose his Crown.
2. To lay up or lay by for future use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] > reserve
reservea1382
keepa1400
sparea1400
savea1450
to put by1568
to put aside1569
to set byc1595
sepose1609
seposit1657
to lay aside1711
to set away1747
to lay by1786
to lay (also put) past1847
to put away1861
c1595 T. Maynarde Sir Francis Drake his Voy. (1849) 8 To trimme his shippes..set by some new pinnaces.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 100/2 The Pantry for setting by what is left after meals.
1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor xii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 307 Let the house be redd up, the broken meat set bye.
1851 S. Warner Wide Wide World II. xxxvii. 103 After that many a basket of apples..was set by for her.
3.
a. To reject, dismiss; to disregard, scorn.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration
to put out of ——a1250
to lay awaya1400
to set asidec1407
to lay by1439
to lay asidec1440
to let (something) walkc1450
to set apart?1473
reject1490
seclude?1531
to let go1535
to put offc1540
to set by1592
sepose1593
to think away1620
to look over ——a1640
prescind1650
seposit1657
decognize1659
inconsider1697
to set over1701
shelf1819
sink1820
shelve1847
eliminate1848
to count out1854
discounta1856
defenestrate1917
neg1987
1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes in Wks. (1910) I. 294 No more set by, but set by, thrust aside.
1636 T. Heywood Challenge i, in Wks. (1874) V. 9 Birth wee set by.
1660 T. Fuller Mixt Contempl. ii. xiv. 23 Being now set by, layd aside as uselesse, and not sett by.
1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. i. 36 To set by this conclusion for a while.
1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. xvi. 481 'Tis indisputable... Devils cannot set it by, and the judge will not.
b. setting by: setting aside, not counting.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being exclusive > [noun] > exclusion from a category, etc. > non-inclusion or omission
overleapOE
omissiona1440
overskippingc1450
setting bya1592
omittancea1616
elision1812
Passover1822
a1592 R. Greene Comicall Hist. Alphonsus (1599) i. sig. A3v Setting by Alphonsus power diuine, What man aliue..Could counteruail his courage.
1657 P. Heylyn Vndeceiving of People 7 Setting by all children which live under their parents [etc.]..the number of the residue will be found so small.
4. To give up (doing something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > give up a habit or practice [verb (transitive)]
leaveeOE
forsakec1175
waive1340
twinc1386
refuse1389
to set aside1426
relinquish1454
abuse1471
renouncec1480
disaccustom1483
to break from1530
to lay aside1530
disprofess1590
dropa1616
to set bya1674
decline1679
unpractise?1680
slough1845
shake1872
sluff1934
kick1936
a1674 Earl of Clarendon Brief View Leviathan (1676) 282 To set by disputing with him, as one that is to be convinced only by himself.
to set down
(Cf. to set adown at Phrasal verbs 2)
1. See simple trans. senses and down adv.
a. To cause to sit down. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of sitting > sit on [verb (transitive)] > seat or cause to sit
setc888
settleOE
sitc1300
to set downa1470
siegea1500
seat1623
plotz1969
a1470 W. Gregory Chron. in Hist. Coll. Citizen London (Camden) 222 The Erle of Worseter was take before the mayre and sette downe in the myddys of the hy tabylle.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ccxxvii. 295 b The duke of Orlyaunce set euery man downe.
1835 N. P. Willis Pencillings III. 135 We were set down..at nine, to cold grouse, salmon [etc.].
1861 S. Brooks Silver Cord (1865) v. 27 The little girl having..been..set down, in a half-darkened apartment, to amuse herself with the pictures in Fox's Book of Martyrs.
b. To encamp (an army or host). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > quarter (troops) [verb (transitive)] > encamp
lodge?c1225
encamp1569
to set downa1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. iii. 2 We will before the walls of Rome to morrow Set downe our Hoast. View more context for this quotation
1621 R. Montagu Diatribæ Hist. Tithes 34 Because he did not..spend so many bookes..as Antimachus did, before he sate downe the seuen Princes at Thebes.
c. To place, situate, locate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > situate
setc950
markc1400
situate?a1425
site?c1425
plant1558
seat1603
emplacea1627
position1817
to set down1827
spot1891
1827 Edinb. Weekly Jrnl. 28 Feb. in W. Scott Chron. Canongate Introd. App. Wherever the belligerent powers might be pleased to set down this new theatre.
1882 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) II. 67 Lewes is set down better than any town I have seen in England.
a1887 R. Jefferies Field & Hedgerow (1889) 316 He was the exact counterpart of the London Jew dealer, set down in the midst of the country.
d. Falconry. (See quots.)
ΚΠ
1614 S. Latham Falconry i. xi. 40 You doe at her first setting downe, giue her as much as she list to take into her gorge.
1891 J. E. Harting Bibliotheca Accipitraria 229 Set down to moult, put into the mew.
2.
a. To bring low, debase; to depose from office; to put down, quell. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)]
outOE
deposec1300
remuec1325
to put out1344
to set downc1369
deprivec1374
outputa1382
removea1382
to throw outa1382
to put downc1384
privea1387
to set adowna1387
to put out of ——?a1400
amovec1425
disappoint1434
unmakec1475
dismiss1477
dispoint1483
voidc1503
to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546
relieve1549
cass1550
displace1553
unauthorize1554
to wring out1560
seclude1572
eject1576
dispost1577
decass1579
overboard1585
cast1587
sequester1587
to put to grass1589
cashier1592
discompose1599
abdicate1610
unseat1611
dismount1612
disoffice1627
to take off1642
unchair1645
destitute1653
lift1659
resign1674
quietus1688
superannuate1692
derange1796
shelve1812
shelf1819
Stellenbosch1900
defenestrate1917
axe1922
retire1961
c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 635 That is broght up she set al doun.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 261 In þat counsaille were y-sett doun meny bisshops and abbotes.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 179 He was i-sette doun of the fourþe pope Innocentius.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 141 Quhat was best to be done aganis..thair new reliegieoun and to sie quhat way thay might sett done the samin.
b. To lower (a person's pride, etc.); to take down, snub.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > humiliate [verb (transitive)]
anitherOE
fellOE
lowc1175
to lay lowc1225
to set adownc1275
snuba1340
meekc1350
depose1377
aneantizea1382
to bring lowa1387
declinea1400
meekenc1400
to pull downc1425
avalec1430
to-gradea1440
to put downc1440
humble1484
alow1494
deject?1521
depress1526
plucka1529
to cut (rarely to cast down) the comb of?1533
to bring down1535
to bring basec1540
adbass1548
diminish1560
afflict1561
to take down1562
to throw down1567
debase1569
embase1571
diminute1575
to put (also thrust) a person's nose out of jointc1576
exinanite1577
to take (a person) a peg lower1589
to take (a person) down a peg (or two)1589
disbasea1592
to take (a person) down a buttonhole (or two)1592
comb-cut1593
unpuff1598
atterr1605
dismount1608
annihilate1610
crest-fall1611
demit1611
pulla1616
avilea1617
to put a scorn on, upon1633
mortify1639
dimit1658
to put a person's pipe out1720
to let down1747
to set down1753
humiliate1757
to draw (a person's) eyeteeth1789
start1821
squabash1822
to wipe a person's eye1823
to crop the feathers of1827
embarrass1839
to knock (also take, etc.) (a person) off his or her perch1864
to sit upon ——1864
squelch1864
to cut out of all feather1865
to sit on ——1868
to turn down1870
to score off1882
to do (a person) in the eye1891
puncture1908
to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908
to cut down to size1927
flatten1932
to slap (a person) down1938
punk1963
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison IV. iv. 37 Sir Harry own'd himself to blame; and thus the Lady's pride was set down softly.
1846 D. Jerrold Mrs. Caudle xxxi. 121 Like her impudence!—I set her down for the rest of the evening.
1889 A. V. Carr Margaret Maliphant I. i. 11 I was such a headstrong girl that it took a deal to set me down.
3.
a. To slacken (the strings or pegs of a musical instrument). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)] > tune strings
wresta1000
straina1387
string1530
to set down1565
wrench1577
to wind up1608
wind1612
to screw up1625
to set up1643
screw1657
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Chelys Intendere chelyn, to wreste vp the stringes of the lute. Laxare chelyn, to sette downe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 201 O, you are well tun'd now, But I'le set downe the pegs, that make this musique. View more context for this quotation
b. To beat down to a shape.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > forge or shape > in specific way
batterc1380
beat1483
peena1522
hammer1522
malleate1598
extenuate1599
upset1678
planish1688
to set down1703
foliate1704
raise1774
skelp1803
tilt1825
jump1851
cold-hammer1858
stub1869
upend1932
ding1939
coin1940
1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 193 So much of the Sheet as lies over the Cavity is set down into it with the Seaming-mallet.
1843 C. Holtzapffel Turning & Mech. Manip. I. 213 When the iron is to be set down..it is first nicked with a round fuller.
4.
a. To place so as to rest upon a surface; to put down, as upon the ground. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > put or lay down
allayOE
seta1000
to lay downc1275
to put downa1382
to set downa1400
deposec1420
to sit down1600
depositate1618
deposit1749
ground1751
plank1859
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 12958 On an heȝe pinacle he set him doun Of þe temple.
?1560 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture (new ed.) sig. A.iiv In some places the keruer doth vse to shew and set down,..& in some place, he beareth the first dish, and..setteth it downe couered before the degre of a knyght.
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 4 He hath set down his staf.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxliii. sig. I2v As a..huswife..Sets downe her babe.
1796 M. Robinson Angelina III. 180 Sir Edward sat down the candlestick.
1825 W. Scott Betrothed x, in Tales Crusaders I. 185 The body was here set down before the door of the chapel.
1878 F. A. Kemble Rec. Girlhood II. i. 28 If you attempt to lift or carry me down the stage, I will kick and scream till you set me down.
b. To cause or allow to alight from a vehicle; to ‘drop’ (a person at a place). Also absol.Said of the person or persons in charge of or occupying the vehicle, or of the vehicle itself.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > set down
to set down1669
to put down1795
to leave off1848
land1853
to put off1867
drop1961
1669 S. Pepys Diary 18 Mar. (1976) IX. 487 My wife and I going by coach, she went with us to Holburne, where we set her down.
1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer v. i. 78 My Coach shall set you down.
1715 J. Gay Let. to Pope 8 July I have just set down Sir Samuel Garth at the Opera.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. i. 155 I knew the postilion very well... And then he told me where he had set you down.
1841 W. M. Thackeray Great Hoggarty Diamond ii A number of carriages full of ladies were drawing up and setting down.
1844 Act 7 & 8 Victoria c. 85 §6 Such Train shall..take up and set down Passengers at every Passenger Station.
1889 ‘Mrs. Alexander’ Crooked Path I. iv. 110 The carriage is to come back for us after setting you down at the theatre.
5.
a. To put down in writing or in print; to put on paper; to enter in a catalogue or account; to write out, compose; to put on record; to record, relate, give an account of.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > record in writing [verb (transitive)]
writeeOE
awriteeOE
markOE
titlea1325
record1340
registera1393
accordc1450
chronicle1460
to write upa1475
calendar1487
enrol1530
prickc1540
scripture1540
to set down1562
report1600
reservea1616
tabulatea1646
to take down1651
actuate1658
to commit to writing (also paper)1695
to mark down1881
slate1883
society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > set down in writing
adighteOE
to set on writea900
dightc1000
writeOE
brevea1225
layc1330
indite1340
take1418
annote1449
printa1450
scribe1465
redact?a1475
reduce1485
letter1504
recite1523
to commit to writing (also paper)1529
pen1530
reduce?1533
token up1535
scripture1540
titulea1550
to set down1562
quote1573
to put down1574
paper1594
to write down1594
apprehend1611
fix1630
exarate1656
depose1668
put1910
1562 H. Baker Well Sprynge Sci. f. 7v I set downe 4. for the fourth figure (vnder ye line).
1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day ii. E viij [In the Scriptures] there are set down two..entyer parts of rightuousnesse.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse Ep. Ded. sig. ☞4 The harshest penne maye sett downe somewhat woorth the reading.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. ii. 18 You, Nick Bottom are set downe for Pyramus. View more context for this quotation
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. H1 After the Creation was finished, it is sette downe vnto vs, that man was placed in the Garden to worke therein. View more context for this quotation
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 288 And here I am willing to set down their names.
1615 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 70 I forgot to set downe how I receaved a letter from Martin de Guinia.
1665 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim xi. 59 You will expect..that I should set down at large the particulars of every dayes conference.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant ii. ii. 182 A great many good Ports that are not set down in the Maps.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 266. ⁋2 Her Women..are alphabetically set down in her Book.
1779 J. Moore View Society & Manners France (1789) I. ix. 62 I set down the whole scene as soon as F—— left me.
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. iii. 49 My youngest boy..bethought himself of setting down a few ‘School-miseries’.
1863 C. C. Clarke Shakespeare-characters xvi. 393 I have always regretted that Hazlitt set down that passage.
1886 W. Besant Children of Gibeon II. ii. v. 36 It would not be fair to set down in cold blood the things he habitually said.
b. to set down the or one's period: to come to a final decision. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > appeal for judgement [phrase] > conclude
to set down the or one's period1590
1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 8 They set downe the period with a deepe sigh.
1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 17 At last she set downe her period on the face of Alexis, thinking he was the fairest.
c. To fix at a certain amount. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > pricing > attach a price to [verb (transitive)] > set or fix price (of)
loveOE
prizea1325
setc1420
make1423
cheapa1464
price1471
ratify1511
to set up?1529
apprize1533
rate1599
to set down1599
pitch1624
tax1846
to charge1889
sale-price1959
1599 George a Greene sig. G1v George a Greene, set downe the king of Scots His ransome.
1621 R. Cocks Diary (1883) II. 141 It being the price sett downe.
1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iv. 85 Prescribed the indowments of Vicars, set down the wages of Priests.
d. To put down, as in a schedule or table, to be performed at a certain time; †to appoint a time for the performance of (something).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > particular time > [verb (transitive)] > time, appoint, or set a time for
seta1056
givec1320
timea1393
attermine1413
day1594
settle1596
to set down1597
momenta1661
order1669
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. iv. 42 We haue not yet set downe this day of triumph. View more context for this quotation
1608 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 309 On Wednesday next we solemnely set downe [1597 proclaime] Our Coronation.
1795 C. Abbot Jurisdict. & Pract. Court Great Sessions Wales 120 The plaintiff must..set down his cause to be heard.
1819 W. P. Taunton Rep. Cases Comm. Pleas VII. 85 Cases out of Chancery..cannot be set down nor heard, unless they are signed by a Serjeant.
1889 W. M. Acworth Railways of Eng. 203 The Great Western express..was set down to leave Didcot..3 minutes earlier.
1893 Weekly Notes 28 68/1 After the cause had been set down for trial.
6. To lay down (a principle), prescribe (a regulation, mode of procedure). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint
asetc885
teachc897
deemc900
ashapea1000
i-demeOE
setc1000
shiftc1000
stevenOE
redeOE
willOE
lookc1175
showc1175
stablea1300
devise1303
terminea1325
shapec1330
stightlea1375
determinec1384
judgea1387
sign1389
assize1393
statute1397
commanda1400
decree1399
yarka1400
writec1405
decreetc1425
rule1447
stallc1460
constitute1481
assignc1485
institute1485
prescribec1487
constitue1489
destinate1490
to lay down1493
make?a1513
call1523
plant1529
allot1532
stint1533
determ1535
appointa1538
destinec1540
prescrive1552
lot1560
fore-appoint1561
nominate1564
to set down1576
refer1590
sort1592
doom1594
fit1600
dictate1606
determinate1636
inordera1641
state1647
fix1660
direct1816
1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Plinius Novocomensis in Panoplie Epist. 257 Whiles I set doune directions and precepts.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 85v Shee endeauoureth to sette downe good lawes.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 28 Therfore set it downe; That an Habit of Secrecy, is both Politick, and Morall.
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 47 If..the Constitution of the Church be already set down by divine prescript.
1688 Lett. conc. Pres. St. Italy 30 All of that Cabale had set down this for a Rule.
7.
a. To determine or resolve upon. Also set down one's rest (see rest n.3 Phrases 3a). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide upon [verb (transitive)]
to take (in early use (i-)nim) to redeeOE
redeOE
to take (in early use (i-)nim) redeOE
to bring to stallc1275
rewardc1380
perfix1415
determ1423
concludec1430
prefix?1523
resolve1523
affix1524
devise1548
pitch?1567
purpose1574
to resolve with oneself1578
to set down1582
settle1596
determinea1616
decision1877
predetermine1884
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias xxx. 73 b Of the meeting of the King..and the Captaine generall, at which time there was set downe a Trade and Factorie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. iv. 162 Wee will haue these things set downe by lawfull Counsell. View more context for this quotation
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 87 [He] must..set it downe with his owne heart to undergoe resolutely all the difficulties that [etc.].
b. passive and intransitive. To be resolved, resolve. Obsolete exc. northern dialect const. infinitive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > be resolute or determined [verb (intransitive)]
confirm1382
needsa1387
beseta1400
purposea1400
to be determined1529
to set downa1586
to set (up) one's rest1593
to stop at nothing1676
to keep one's pecker up1845
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. v. sig. D4 One, that to praise well, one must first set downe with himselfe, what it is to be excellent.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 295 A man set downe to mischiefe.
1684 N. Lee Constantine iii. ii. 36 If you set down t'enjoy me, Sir.
8.
a. To estimate, reckon; †in early use with object and complement, or with clause; now only, to regard (a person) as, take (him) for, consider (him) to be (so-and-so).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > consider to be, account as
telleOE
talec897
seeOE
letc1000
holdc1200
reckon1340
aima1382
accounta1387
counta1387
judgec1390
takea1400
countc1400
receivec1400
existimatec1430
to look on ——?c1430
makec1440
reputea1449
suppose1474
treatc1485
determinea1513
recount?c1525
esteem1526
believe1533
estimate?1533
ascribe1535
consider1539
regard1547
count1553
to look upon ——1553
take1561
reck1567
eye?1593
censure1597
subscribe1600
perhibit1613
behold1642
resent1642
attributea1657
fancy1662
vogue1675
decount1762
to put down1788
to set down1798
rate1854
have1867
mean1878
1798 Geraldina I. 183 I never see a library of books with highly gilt bindings, but I set down that the owner seldom opens them.
1799 H. Lee Canterbury Tales (ed. 2) I. 198 The playful unconscious character she had first been set down.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. i. xii. 107 The corregidor..set me down for the culprit.
1815 Zeluca III. 9 He sat himself down as invulnerable.
1828 W. Scott Aunt Margaret's Mirror ii You had best set him down a Jesuit.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xlviii. 214 Those who cling to the truth and support the right cause, are set down as mad.
1872 J. Hartley Yorks. Ditties 2nd Ser. 118 They used to be sat daan to be young ens 'at hadn't le'nt wit.
1889 F. Barrett Under Strange Mask I. iv. 68 He would set her down at once for an impertinent..busy-body.
b. To attribute, or put down to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assign to a cause [verb (transitive)]
titleOE
aretc1340
witena1375
witnea1375
reta1382
depute1382
wite1382
seta1387
layc1425
expoundc1430
imputec1480
attribue1481
assign1489
reckon1526
attribute1530
count1535
allot?1556
draw1578
object1613
prefer1628
entitle1629
implya1641
to score (something) on1645
intitule1651
put1722
to put down1723
charge1737
own1740
place1802
to set down1822
affiliate1823
1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 454/2 He could not set it down to caprice.
1877 C. M. Yonge Cameos cxxxiii, in Monthly Packet Feb. 132 This, as usual, was set down to malice prepense on his side.
9. Now dialect.
a. reflexive. To seat oneself. (Cf. 3) †Also, to go down on one's knees: cf. sense 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of sitting > sit down [verb (reflexive)]
siteOE
seta1300
to sit downa1393
to set downa1400
seat1589
swapa1592
bench1608
pitch1844
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14092 For-wit his fete sco sett hir dun.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur i. xix. 65 He sette hym doune by a fontayne.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John vi. f. 1–4 Iesus, beyng sumwhat separate from the people, setteth hym down on the hyll.
1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) i. 64 They set themselves down on the Grass.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 15 We..set us down to fish.
b. passive. To be seated. (Cf. 4.) Also transferred to be settled in a place.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (passive)]
stay1558
settlea1648
seata1684
to set down1741
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13495 All right þar war þai sett dun.
1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. iv. f. 13 The King and Ariobarzanes being set down at a table.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 229 When I was set downe to my meat.
1741 Countess of Hartford in Countess of Hartford & Countess of Pomfret Corr. (1805) III. 189 When I am set peacefully down at my farm I shall often read over your letters.
1776 S. J. Pratt Pupil of Pleasure II. 74 I was just set down to the card-table at the Delmores.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. xvi. 258 When all should be gone to bed, or set down to cards, which is the same thing.
With mixed construction.1582 T. Watson Passionate Cent. of Loue in Poems (1870) 38 My harte is sett him downe twixt hope and feares Vpon the stonie banke of high desire.a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iv. iii. 2 The King by this, is set him downe to sleepe. View more context for this quotation
c. intransitive. To sit down. (Cf. 5.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of sitting > be sitting or seated [verb (intransitive)] > sit down
sitOE
to sit adownc1275
to sit downc1300
to make one's seata1400
to set adowna1400
to set downc1400
seat1596
pitch1796
roost1816
take a pew1898
c1400 Rule St. Benet (Verse) 1741 Þai sal set down And mak a schort colaciown.
1442 Aberdeen Reg. (1844) I. 7 That..[he] sal cum..and set downe on his kneis.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/1 I set downe, I rest me on a seate, je massis.
1636 P. Heylyn Hist. Sabbath i. 124 That we should..set down with modesty,..to heare the Law.
1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 473 All the Gent:..in his traine setting downe at Table with him.
1720 Humourist 212 Till he set down to Dinner.
1794 A. M. Bennett Ellen I. 28 He had just..set down to his coffee.
1809 S. Smith Serm. l. 43 He is ever ready..to say a grace to God, before he sets down to feast with Mammon.
d. to set down by = to put up with. Cf. to sit down 5 at sit v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] > bear with or tolerate
forbearc897
tholec950
bearOE
abidec1300
bidea1325
takec1330
suffer1340
wielda1375
to have patience with (also in, toward)c1384
supportc1384
to sit with ——c1400
sustainc1400
thulgec1400
acceptc1405
to away with1528
brook1530
well away1533
to bear with —1538
digest1553
to comport with1565
stand1567
purse?1571
to put up1573
well away1579
comport1588
fadge1592
abrook1594
to come away1594
to take up with1609
swallow1611
embracea1616
to pack up1624
concocta1627
to set down bya1630
to take with ——1632
tolerate1646
brook1658
stomach1677
pouch1819
a1630 F. Moryson in Shakespeare's Europe (1903) i. i. 64 The Venetians..having a very rich Shipp robbed by Turkish Pyratts.., were forced to sett downe by the losse.
10. reflexive. To begin to devote oneself to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin an action [verb (reflexive)] > resolutely or vigorously
settle1530
buckle1570
to set down1864
1864 J. H. Newman Apologia 243 I set myself down to my translation of St. Athanasius.
1891 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 150 173/1 In his green old age, he set himself down to write this great dictionary.
11. intransitive. To be encamped; to ‘sit down’ before (a town) to besiege it. Obsolete. Cf. a (b).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > camping or encamping > camp or encamp [verb (intransitive)]
wickc897
lodge13..
telda1325
pitch1535
camp1611
to set downa1616
decamp1698
encamp1725
to camp out1748
outspan1801
tent1856
laager1879
tarpaulin1891
society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > lay siege [verb (intransitive)]
to lay ensiege?a1500
to plant a siegea1500
to sit down1593
inleaguer1603
to set downa1616
to lie down1693
sit1802
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xiii. 171 Cæsar sets downe in Alexandria. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. i. 117 Man setting downe before you, will vndermine you, and blow you vp. View more context for this quotation
1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 130 Then did the braue Generall set down before Thessalonica.
1631 P. Heylyn Hist. St. George 248 Nothing to stop our march, till we set downe With all our troopes, before the Holy Towne.
12. intransitive. To have a direction downwards.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > have specific directions [verb (intransitive)] > have downward direction
to come down1443
propend1545
to set down1747
1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. S2b If a fair leading sets down under the second Sett, it may in all probability lead down to a third, and so on.
to set forth
See simple senses and forth adv.
1.
a. To thrust forth. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of stretching body > stretch oneself or be stretched [verb (intransitive)] > specific part of body > in some direction, purposefully
to set fortha1225
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > urge on or incite
tar ona900
wheta1000
eggc1200
spura1225
aprick1297
ertc1325
sharpa1340
abaita1470
sharpen1483
to set (a person) forth1488
to set forth1553
egg1566
hound1571
shove?1571
edge1575
strain1581
spur1582
spurn1583
hag1587
edge1600
hist1604
switch1648
string1881
haik1892
goose1934
a1225 Leg. Kath. 827 Ah nu we beoð of se feor for þe iflut hidere, þu schalt setten sikel forð.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 118 Some settes forth their lippes two ynches good beyonde their teeth.
b. To direct or send forward, set on the way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move or cause to move forward or advance [verb (transitive)] > send forward
to set forth1525
to set forward1556
to set ona1616
to send on1877
1525 Lee in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. II. 75 To sett forthe the standard against thies Philistees.
1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. A.iiv I haue assaied to sette furth my plough, to proue what I coulde do.
1590 H. Barwick Breefe Disc. Weapons 7 My commaunder commaunds me to set foorth of my band of 200, one hundred, to keepe a straight or passage.
c. To arrange or dispose in a certain manner; to lay out. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrange [verb (transitive)]
stightc825
fadec1020
orderc1225
adightc1275
dightc1275
castc1320
raila1350
form1362
stightlea1375
rayc1380
informa1382
disposea1387
throwc1390
addressa1393
shifta1400
rengea1425
to set forth?c1450
rule1488
rummage1544
marshalc1547
place1548
suit1552
dispone1558
plat1587
enrange1590
draw1663
range1711
arrange1791
to lay out1848
?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 373 The butler schal sett forthe the pottys..up on eche table.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 295 We'l set forth In best appointment all our Regiments. View more context for this quotation
1653 T. Barker Art of Angling 1 A man that goeth to the River..must understand..to set forth his Tackles.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 429 There the Eagle and the Stork..set forth Thir Aierie Caravan high over Sea's Flying. View more context for this quotation
2.
a. To send out (soldiers, etc.) for service; hence, to equip, fit out (men, a fleet, a voyage). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military operations > [verb (transitive)] > send on operation
to set forth1451
to throw out1800
society > armed hostility > military equipment > arming or equipping with weapons > arm or equip [verb (transitive)]
weaponc1000
aturnc1220
armc1275
atil1297
attire1297
enarmc1320
apparelc1325
tirec1330
garnish?a1400
stuff?a1400
gearc1400
relieve1487
to set forthc1515
to arm out1533
munition1579
1451 [implied in: Rolls of Parl. V. 225/1 Noon owner, Vitailler, nor setter-forth of eny Shippe or Vessell. (at setter-forth n.)].
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxi. 213 They sette forth a galay & .xxx. paynyms therin.
1584 [see α. forms].
1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) 41 They are forced to sett furthe manye to theire owne dislike, althoughe the best that cold be founde.
1630 R. Norton tr. W. Camden Hist. Princesse Elizabeth i. 68 He intended to set forth a voyage into West India.
1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes ii. v. 42 in Wks. II Setting forth some Lady, Will cost as much as furnishing a Fleete.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1667 (1955) III. 489 The charge of setting forth a Fleete.
1702 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 507 Every Missioner should besides the 20 pounds to set the person forth, should have..50 pounds per Annum.
1805 Act 45 Geo. III c. 72 §7 If such Ship or Vessel so retaken shall appear to have been, after the taking by His Majesty's Enemies, by them set forth as a Ship or Vessel of War.
b. To furnish with what is necessary. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > supply (needs or wants)
furnish1496
supporta1500
beeta1522
sustain1539
nourish1568
to set forthc1610
sustenate1712
c1610–15 tr. St. Gregory of Nyssa Life St. Macrina in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 207 Haue you nothing..lying in store, wherewith her exequies may be sett forth?
c. To furnish, provide (entertainment). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > [verb (transitive)] > furnish (amusement)
to set forth1526
society > leisure > social event > hospitality > show hospitality to [verb (transitive)]
gestena1300
lodgec1325
cherishc1330
guestc1330
to give cheera1393
harbry14..
callc1430
uptakea1470
recueil1477
host1485
entertain1490
to set forth1526
harbour1534
retainc1540
treata1578
water1742
sport1826
have1868
hospitize1895
1526 Bible (Tyndale) John ii. f. cxxj All men att the begynnynge, sett forth goode wyne.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 330 Certain Priests, whose office it was to set forth publike playes and games in honor of their Gods.
1693 W. Congreve tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xi. 219 When Poor Rutilus spends all his worth, In hopes of setting one good Dinner forth.
3.
a. To provide, allot, or set apart for a purpose.
ΚΠ
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 358 Jn this ordour..ar mony sett furth to hald sitiȝenis in peice and in thair office.
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 47 When as my Church shall have endured that full proportion of affliction, which I have set forth for it.
1684 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 318 The wast ground..formerly set forth for that purpose.
b. To put aside as tithe; = to set out at Phrasal verbs 2 (b).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [verb (transitive)] > put aside as tithe
to set forth1548
to set out1548
1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI c. 13 §2 Yf any person carrye awaye his corne or haye or his other prediall tythes before the tythe thereof be sett forthe.
1654 W. Sheppard Parsons Guide vi. 17 For Predial Tithes, the tenth part of the profits are to be set forth and divided from the nine parts.
c. To lay out (money); = to lay forth 3 at lay v.1 Phrasal verbs; = to put forth at put v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > spend [verb (transitive)]
aspendc885
doOE
spendc1175
spenec1175
dispendc1330
bewarec1374
bestow1377
suckc1380
unpursea1393
warea1417
stowc1440
to lay outc1449
spone1456
expend1477
expend1484
impendc1486
ware?a1513
deburse?1529
disburse1530
defray1543
unburse1570
outlay1573
to lay forth1584
sweat1592
vent1612
dispursea1616
exhaust1616
to set forth1622
waste1639
depursea1648
fence1699
douse1759
shut1797
shift1923
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 208 This [sum of money] to bee set forth in Lands, of the best and most certaine Reuenue.
4. To promulgate, publish, issue (a regulation, proclamation, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > promulgate
publisha1325
promulge1488
provulge1506
promulgate1530
provulgate1535
to set forth1567
emit1672
exhibit1693
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publish or spread abroad [verb (transitive)]
sowc888
blowc1275
dispeple1297
to do abroadc1300
fame1303
publyc1350
defamea1382
publisha1382
open?1387
proclaima1393
slandera1400
spreada1400
abroachc1400
throwc1400
to give outa1425
promote?a1425
noisec1425
publicc1430
noisec1440
divulgea1464
to put outc1475
skail1487
to come out witha1500
bruit1525
bruita1529
to bear out1530
divulgate1530
promulgate1530
propale?1530
ventilate1530
provulgate1535
sparple1536
sparse1536
promulge1539
disperse1548
publicate1548
forthtell1549
hurly-burly?1550
propagate1554
to set abroada1555
utter1561
to set forth1567
blaze1570
evulgate1570
scatter1576
rear?1577
to carry about1585
pervulgate1586
celebrate?1596
propalate1598
vent1602
evulge1611
to give forth1611
impublic1628
ventilate1637
disseminate1643
expose1644
emit1650
to put about1664
to send abroad1681
to get abroad1688
to take out1697
advertise1710
forward1713
to set abouta1715
circulate1780
broadcast1829
vent1832
vulgate1851
debit1879
float1883
1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. Aii Many good..lawes and actes made and set forthe in this..realme.
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. C8v If the prince than doe set foorth a lawe contrarie to the lawe of God.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1651 (1955) III. 45 Our Religion, that had neither appointed, nor set forth, any Houres of Prayer, or Breviaries.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 17. ⁋2 The Rules of the Club, as set forth, in a Table, intituled, The Act of Deformity.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iii. iii. 113 Lafayette,..took upon him to set forth more than one deprecatory oration.
1869 C. M. Yonge Cameos xcii, in Monthly Packet Jan. 32 A proclamation was set forth placing a price..on his head.
5. To publish (a literary work).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > publishing > publish [verb (transitive)]
to put forth1482
to put out1529
to set forth1535
promulge1539
to set abroada1555
present1559
to set out1559
utter1561
divulge1566
publish1573
print?1594
emit1650
edition1715
edit1727
to give to the world1757
to get out1786
to send forth1849
to bring out1878
run1879
release1896
pub1932
1535 M. Coverdale I toke the more upon me to set forth this speciall translacyon.
1616 Greenes Mourning Garment Concl. sig. K3v I haue..set forth many Pamphlets full of much loue and little Scholarisme.
1628 S. Ward in Ussher's Lett. 394 Dr. Jackson hath lately set forth a Book of the Attributes of God.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 469 Father Kircher, who was then setting forth his greate work Obeliscus Pamphilius.
1779 Mirror No. 21 (1787) I. 154 The latter has set forth his in print.
6.
a. To express in words, give an account of, present a statement of, esp. in order, distinctly, or in detail; to declare, expound, relate, narrate, state, describe; †to describe the features or characters of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > narration > narrate, relate, or tell [verb (transitive)]
singc900
reckonOE
readOE
tellOE
showc1175
betellc1275
i-tellec1275
rehearsec1300
record1340
accounta1387
to chase forthc1386
retretec1400
reporta1402
count?a1425
recite1448
touch?a1450
repeat1451
deliverc1454
explikec1454
renderc1460
recount1477
to show forth1498
relate1530
to set forth1530
rechec1540
reaccount1561
recitate1568
history1600
recant1603
to run througha1616
enarrate1750
narrate1754
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/1 Now have I shewed you in a generaltie the contentes of the chapiter, but to set forthe the partyculers requyreth a further layser.
1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. D.vi One that wyll set forth papistrie as well as hym self wyl do.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxviiv That thei maie..set furthe thy true and liuely worde.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xi. 20 They set forth the dolefull falles of infortunate & afflicted Princes.
1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. P3, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) As if in setting forth our most gracious Soueraign we should say: That Goddes like adorned with high aspects,..Shee issued forth.
a1660 N. Rogers (title) The Rich Fool, set forth in an exposition on that parable. Luke 12, 16–22.
1688 Lett. conc. Pres. St. Italy 31 A Sect of men that were set forth as Monsters.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables lxxx. 78 In These Three Fables, is set forth the Vanity of Unnatural Wishes, and Foolish Prayers.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 54. ⁋3 A Treatise, wherein I shall set forth the Rise and Progress of this famous Sect.
1746 J. Hervey Medit. (1818) 151 Even fancy has her merit when she sets forth in such pleasing imagery, the crucified Jesus.
1780 W. Coxe Acct. Russ. Discov. 254 The instructions given to the Captain set forth that a private ship had in 1762 found there a commodious haven.
1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 80 An advertisement..inserted in some of the public papers, setting forth the miseries of the poor.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. i. 34 Hereward, whose history this tale sets forth.
1872 C. E. Maurice Life S. Langton i. 21 One after another he set forth the hideous corruptions which were growing up.
1893 National Observer 14 Jan. 201/1 He invites the fault-finders to set forth their grievances.
b. To represent in art. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > represent in art [verb (transitive)]
workOE
shapea1375
express1382
marka1393
resemblea1393
portraya1398
devisea1400
makea1400
represent?a1425
counterfeitc1440
to set on write1486
porturea1500
emporturea1529
story1532
portrait1548
show1565
decipher1567
portraiture1581
to set forth1585
emblazea1592
stell1598
defigure1599
infigure1606
effigiate1608
deportract1611
deportray1611
rendera1616
image1624
configure1630
exiconize1641
effigies1652
to take off1680
mimic1770
paraphrase1961
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 8 b I haue thought good..too sette foorth vnto you, a woman as shee goeth in the streete.
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura iv. 38 But to proceed, Albert [Durer] being very young set forth our Lady, some designes of Horses after the life, [etc.].
7. To adorn, decorate. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament
dightc1200
begoa1225
fay?c1225
rustc1275
duba1300
shrouda1300
adorna1325
flourishc1325
apparel1366
depaintc1374
dressa1375
raila1375
anorna1382
orna1382
honourc1390
paintc1390
pare1393
garnisha1400
mensk?a1400
apykec1400
hightlec1400
overfretc1440
exornc1450
embroider1460
repair1484
empare1490
ornate1490
bedo?a1500
purfle?a1500
glorify?1504
betrap1509
broider1509
deck?1521
likelya1522
to set forth1530
exornate1539
grace1548
adornate1550
fardc1550
gaud1554
pink1558
bedeck1559
tight1572
begaud1579
embellish1579
bepounce1582
parela1586
flower1587
ornify1590
illustrate1592
tinsel1594
formalize1595
adore1596
suborn1596
trapper1597
condecorate1599
diamondize1600
furnish1600
enrich1601
mense1602
prank1605
overgreen1609
crown1611
enjewel1611
broocha1616
varnish1641
ornament1650
array1652
bedub1657
bespangle1675
irradiate1717
gem1747
begem1749
redeck1771
blazon1813
aggrace1825
diamond1839
panoply1851
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/1 This blacke velvet gowne setteth fort this lady verye well.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xviii. 51 b [The gate] is..well set forth, with letters of gold, and leaues of diuers colours.
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 469 The Assyrians..Which were rich and proudly set forth.
1889 ‘G. Herring’ & ‘M. Ross’ Irish Cousin I. i. v. 62 Heavy mahogany tables, each duly set forth with books and daguerrotypes.
8. To further the progress or advancement of; to promote, advance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)]
furtherc888
to bring onc1230
advancea1250
speeda1300
nourishc1300
avaunt1393
promotec1433
pasture?a1439
advantage?1459
promove1475
preferc1503
conduce1518
to set forth1528
to set forward(s)1530
to take forth1530
fillip1551
help1559
farther1570
foster1571
shoulder1577
to put forward1579
seconda1586
foment1596
hearten1598
to put on1604
fomentate1613
succeed1613
expeditea1618
producea1618
maturate1623
cultivate1641
encourage1677
push1693
forward1780
progress1780
admove1839
1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. 262/2 To confesse..what he had done for the settinge forth of that secte.
1542 [implied in: N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes 5 (margin) Mecænas was..so great a fauourer, promouter, and setter fourthe of Virgil, Horace, & suche other learned menne, that [etc.]. (at setter-forth n.)].
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Lj The very cause of thynges, is such a one that if it be practised in very diede, and set forth with other naturall causes, the effect must nedes folowe.
9. To praise, commend. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)]
heryc735
mickleeOE
loveOE
praise?c1225
upraisea1300
alosec1300
commenda1340
allow1340
laud1377
lose1377
avauntc1380
magnifya1382
enhancea1400
roosea1400
recommendc1400
recommanda1413
to bear up?a1425
exalt1430
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
laudifyc1470
gloryc1475
advance1483
to bear out1485
prizec1485
to be or to have in laudationa1500
joya1500
extol1509
collaud1512
concend?1521
solemnize?1521
celebrate1522
stellify1523
to set up1535
well-word1547
predicate1552
glorify1557
to set forth1565
admire1566
to be up with1592
voice1594
magnificate1598
plaud1598
concelebrate1599
encomionize1599
to con laud1602
applauda1616
panegyrize1617
acclamate1624
to set offa1625
acclaim1626
raise1645
complement1649
encomiate1651
voguec1661
phrase1675
to set out1688
Alexander1700
talk1723
panegyricize1777
bemouth1799
eulogizea1810
rhapsodize1819
crack up1829
rhapsody1847
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Commendare, to prayse: to sette forth.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. v. 85 Iessi. Nay, let me praise you while I haue a stomack? Loren. No pray thee, let it serue for table talke... Iessi. Well, ile set you forth.
1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. ii. §2 To set forth a person by that which in its self is no matter of commendation.
10. To exhibit, display, show forth. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)]
uppec897
atewOE
sutelec1000
openOE
awnc1175
kithec1175
forthteec1200
tawnec1220
let witc1275
forthshowa1300
to pilt out?a1300
showa1300
barea1325
mythc1330
unfoldc1374
to open outc1390
assign1398
mustera1400
reyve?a1400
vouchc1400
manifest?a1425
outshowc1425
ostendc1429
explayc1443
objecta1500
reveala1500
patefy?1509
decipher1529
relieve1533
to set outa1540
utter1542
report1548
unbuckle1548
to set forth1551
demonstrate1553
to hold forth1560
testify1560
explicate1565
forthsetc1565
to give show of1567
denudec1572
exhibit1573
apparent1577
display?1578
carry1580
cipher1583
laya1586
foreshow1590
uncloud?1594
vision1594
explain1597
proclaim1597
unroll1598
discloud1600
remonstrate1601
resent1602
to bring out1608
palesate1613
pronounce1615
to speak out1623
elicit1641
confess1646
bear1657
breathe1667
outplay1702
to throw out1741
evolve1744
announce1781
develop1806
exfoliate1808
evince1829
exposit1882
pack1925
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Biv Onles I wolde..set furth the brightenes of the sonne wyth a candell.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Siiv Wretches..whose pouerty she [sc. Pride] might..encrease by gorgiously setting furthe her riches.
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 69 b Thys woman disdaines..that any should sette forth the porte and maiestie, in gate and behauiour like vnto her.
1611 Second Maiden's Trag. (1909) i. i. 7 Fortunes are but the outsides of true worth It is the mynde that sets his master forth.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 310 To set forth Great things by small. View more context for this quotation
11. intransitive. To set out on a journey, against an enemy, in pursuit, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out
forthfarec888
foundOE
seta1000
to go forthOE
to fare forthc1200
partc1230
to pass forthc1325
to take (the) gatec1330
to take the wayc1330
to take one's waya1375
puta1382
treunt?a1400
movec1400
depart1490
prepare?1518
to set forth1530
to set forward(s)1530
busklea1535
to make out1558
to take forth1568
to set out1583
sally1590
start1591
to go off1600
to put forth1604
to start outa1626
intend1646
to take the road1720
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
to set off1774
to get off1778
to set away1817
to take out1855
to haul out1866
to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873
to hit, split or take the breeze1910
hop1922
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/1 Whan sette you forthe on your journay, and God wyll.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 4604 Hast you to saile; Sette furthe to þe se.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 294 They set forth that were appoynted to breake the array of the Archers.
1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. i. sig. B3v I with my band set foorth against the Prince.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iii. iii. 13 My willing loue, The rather by these arguments of feare Set forth in your pursuite. View more context for this quotation
1675–6 City Mercury 10–17 Feb. 2/1 Exeter Coach... Sets forth every Monday morning from the Sarazens head Inn.
1718 F. Atterbury Serm. (1734) I. 4 Just as if it [sc. Christianity] were now in its Infant State, and newly setting forth in the World.
1798 C. Smith Young Philosopher IV. 76 Your fair Columbian,..the moon being at full..sat forth alone.
1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. i. 55 Before they set forth on their day's journey.
1890 W. E. Norris Misadventure I. vi. 88 The two young people set forth for the village.
1894 E. Scott Dancing 110 If the partners join right and left hands in setting forth.
to set forward(s)
1.
a. To carry, send, or thrust forward. to set one's foot forward: see foot n. and int. Phrases 3; to set one's best foot forward and variants: see best adj., n.1, and adv. Phrases 1c(b)(i).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move or cause to move forward or advance [verb (transitive)] > move (a thing) forward
to bring onc1230
vaunce1303
advancea1393
to set forward(s)c1430
perduce1563
traila1717
progress1780
c1430 Art Nombryng (1922) 10 Sette forwarde the figures of the nombre multiplying by oo difference.
a1547 in Fosbrooke Econ. Mon. Life (1796) 83 When hir hors letyr was app[ar]eled..she was set forwards aft[er] this manner.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ii. f. 7 Settinge forewarde with their ores the brigantine..ouerturned their Canoa.
a1617 P. Baynes Lectures 202 in Comm. First & Second Chapters Colossians (1634) That man neuer yet set right foote forward in the way to the Kingdome of God.
b. To put (a clock) on.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [verb (transitive)] > set
setc1400
temper1538
roll1583
rule1595
winda1616
to wind upa1616
to set forwarda1627
to set back1635
regulate1665
to put back1704
to put forward1741
to put on1826
time1873
a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iii. 30 I would have you set forward the Clock.
1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. vii. 126 One of his companions..set forward the house-clock.
c. To increase, aggravate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > make more severe [verb (transitive)]
gregge1340
aggrievea1425
aggravec1475
aggregec1540
aggravate1576
inflame1607
exasperate1611
to set forward(s)1611
exacerbate1660
sharpen1768
nettle1821
compound1961
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > exacerbation of suffering > exacerbate suffering [verb (transitive)]
sauce?1518
exasperate1561
aggravate1576
inasperate1592
to set forward1611
exacerbate1660
aggregea1678
sharpen1768
embitter1781
nettle1821
exaggerate1850
1611 Bible (King James) Job xxx. 13 They set forward my calamitie. View more context for this quotation
1684 Bp. G. Burnet tr. T. More Utopia 24 Luxury likewise breaks in apace upon you, to set forward your Poverty and Misery.
2. To assist (a person) in the way of progress; to help on (a matter, plan, etc.); to advance, promote.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)]
furtherc888
to bring onc1230
advancea1250
speeda1300
nourishc1300
avaunt1393
promotec1433
pasture?a1439
advantage?1459
promove1475
preferc1503
conduce1518
to set forth1528
to set forward(s)1530
to take forth1530
fillip1551
help1559
farther1570
foster1571
shoulder1577
to put forward1579
seconda1586
foment1596
hearten1598
to put on1604
fomentate1613
succeed1613
expeditea1618
producea1618
maturate1623
cultivate1641
encourage1677
push1693
forward1780
progress1780
admove1839
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > promotion or help forward > promote or help forward (a person, plan, etc.) [verb (transitive)]
furtherc888
fremeOE
filsenc1175
fosterc1175
speeda1240
theec1250
advancec1300
upraisea1340
increasec1380
forthbearc1400
exploit?a1439
aid1502
to set forward(s)1530
farther1570
facilite1585
to set forthward1588
forward1598
facilitate1599
accommodate1611
succeed1613
bespeed1615
to set (a person) on (also upon) his (also her, etc.) legs1632
subserve1645
push1758
support1779
leg up1817
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/2 I set forwarde a person, or avaunce him to promocyon. Jaduance.
1540 T. Cranmer Let. 14 June in Remains (1833) I. 299 To set forwards whatsoever was your Majesty's will.
1561 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 193 For..setting fordwart of the commone effaris of the cuntre.
a1617 P. Baynes Lect. (1634) 204 Walking after a potion taken..setteth forward the working of physicke taken.
1662 Bk. Com. Prayer, Pr. Ember Weeks That..they may..set forward the salvation of all men.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §7 (note) To set the workmen forward..I have been obliged to continue on board our store vessel..frequently a week.
1811 Simeon Let. in Carus Life (1847) 308 Some of the young men..were endeavouring to set forward a Bible Society.
3. To put forward, promulgate; to advance (an opinion).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > state or declare [verb (transitive)]
speakc900
sayOE
sayOE
tell?a1160
to put forth?c1225
posea1325
allegec1330
declarec1330
exponec1380
to bring fortha1382
expounda1382
terminec1384
allaya1387
express1386
proport1387
purport1389
cough1393
generalize?a1425
deliverc1454
expremec1470
to show forth1498
promisea1500
term1546
to set forward1560
attribute1563
to throw out1573
quote1575
dictate1599
rendera1616
preport1616
enunciate1623
remonstrate1625
state1642
pronunciate1652
annunciate1763
present1779
enounce1805
report1842
constate1865
lodge1885
outen1951
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > hold an opinion [verb (transitive)] > express an opinion
opinea1475
to set forward1560
opinionate1651
vend1657
spend1688
to put on (also upon) record1782
voice1850
1560 J. Knox et al. Buke Discipline in J. Knox Wks. (1848) II. 221 We leave it..to be weyit by your Honouris wisdome, and set fordwart by your authoritie.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xl. 252 To set forward..such doctrine as was agreeable to Moses his doctrine.
1890 Universal Rev. Sept. 64 The theory now set forward.
4. intransitive. To go forward, set out, start.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out
forthfarec888
foundOE
seta1000
to go forthOE
to fare forthc1200
partc1230
to pass forthc1325
to take (the) gatec1330
to take the wayc1330
to take one's waya1375
puta1382
treunt?a1400
movec1400
depart1490
prepare?1518
to set forth1530
to set forward(s)1530
busklea1535
to make out1558
to take forth1568
to set out1583
sally1590
start1591
to go off1600
to put forth1604
to start outa1626
intend1646
to take the road1720
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
to set off1774
to get off1778
to set away1817
to take out1855
to haul out1866
to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873
to hit, split or take the breeze1910
hop1922
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 713/2 I set forward, as an armye..dothe. Je me auance.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III 12 The erle..aventured..to set forwarde hym selfe by lande.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 670 With which fleet..[he] set forward against the Portingals.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ix. 411 I set forward through the vaile of Ombria.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xvii. v. 122 Mrs. Miller set forwards to her Son-in-Law's Lodgings. View more context for this quotation
1816 J. Austen Emma I. xiii. 237 He..set forward at last..in his own carriage. View more context for this quotation
1889 ‘M. Gray’ Reproach of Annesley III. vi. i. 129 He..set forward again after supper.
to set in
1.
a. See simple trans. senses and in adv.; to enter (a name); to insert, put in; to engraft, implant; †to put in office or power, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)]
to do ineOE
to put ina1300
insetc1374
to throw ina1382
inducec1420
intriec1420
to set ina1425
tryc1440
enter1489
insert1529
turn1544
insere1557
infer1572
input1593
intromitc1600
introduce1695
to run in1756
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Rom. xi. 23 Ȝhe, and thei schulen be set yn [L. inserentur], if thei dwellen not in vnbileue.
?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 361 To sette in the names of sustres and brethren professed in the register of the chapter.
1487 in H. E. Malden Cely Papers (1900) 169 They hawe dischargyd all the old wytt [= magistrates] of Bruges the whych was sett yn be the Kyng.
1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 13 The said James Smith toke a Lease of his part of the Tenement, and set-in the said Ellin to have hit after his decesse.
1563–4 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 109 John Atkyns to blo ye organs when he set in ye pypes vj d.
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. i. 7 When a member that was out of ioynt is set in againe.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xii. xi. 172 [They] set in companies to rob and spoile [L. immittere latronum globos].
1662 S. Pepys Diary 5 Aug. (1970) III. 156 At Greenwich set in, Captain Cocke.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. i. ii. 17 Set in your Lee-braces.
1709 Tatler No. 37. ⁋2 Beau Slimber a Londoner, undertook to keep up with Trips, a whelp just set in.
1808 Lady's Econ. Assist. 1 The worked part of the frock body must be set in quite plain.
1859 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 20 ii. 364 To prevent any escape of the manure while turning [the plough] and setting in again.
1888 Co-operative News 16 June 619 If the clothes are placed in cold water out of the boil the fabric will contract, and so set in the dirt.
1888 ‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Children xii. 90 I want the ring to be quite plain and heavy, with three stones set in level with the gold.
1889 ‘M. Gray’ Reproach of Annesley I. ii. ii. 158 Having now finished setting in a row of young plants.
b. absol. (See quot. 1530.)
ΚΠ
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 714/1 I set in to the oven, as bakers do their breed... We shal nat set in tyll to morowe thre of the clocke.
c. To put (a vessel) in towards the shore. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > sail towards shore
to set in1887
1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 22 Feb. 10/2 The ship was set in towards the land by a current.
1891 F. W. Robinson Her Love & his Life III. vii. i. 236Set in to shore,’ cried Kerts, roughly.
d. To draw or gather in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > gather
frouncea1533
gather1576
full1815
to set in1858
gauge1881
bunch1884
kilt1887
1858 Ladies' Cabinet Jan. 54/1 The skirt..is set in at the waist, in large fluted or hollow plaits.
2.
a. To direct into the fight. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > fight (a battle, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > direct into battle
to set in1487
engage1868
to bring up1885
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) ix. 610 Schir Eduardis cumpany, Quhen thai had thrillit thame hastely, Set stoutly in the hedis agane.
b. to set in foot: to enter upon an undertaking.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or set oneself to do [verb (intransitive)]
found12..
to take on (also upon) one(self)a1300
assay1330
study1340
to put (also lay, set, etc.) one's hand to the ploughc1384
intendc1385
pressc1390
to put oneself in pressc1390
gatherc1400
undertakec1405
sayc1425
to fall in hand with (also to do (something))c1450
setc1485
obligea1500
essay?1515
attend1523
supprise1532
to set in foot1542
enterprise1547
address1548
to set in hand1548
prove1612
to make it one's businessa1628
engage1646
embark1647
bend1694
to take hold1868
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 78v Whoso hath ones stepped foorth, and sette in foote to take charge of a commen weale.
1555 J. Heywood Two Hundred Epigrammes with Thyrde sig. D.viiiv He hath set in foote, thyngs by wyt to be sped.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxxijv It belongeth..to the Emperour..to set in foote in counselles.
c. ‘To put in a way to begin’ (Johnson). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person > to begin
to set in1695
1695 J. Collier Misc. upon Moral Subj. 47 I think I had better decline the Task, than injure the Argument. However, if you please to assist, and set me In: I will endeavour to recollect my self for a short Conference.
3. intransitive. To make one's way into the fight, among the enemy; hence, to offer fight, to intervene in behalf of a person or in support of a cause.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > contending in battle > contend in battle or give battle [verb (intransitive)] > join or meet in battle
to come togetherOE
to lay togetherc1275
smitec1275
to have, keep, make, smite, strike, battle1297
joustc1330
meetc1330
copec1350
assemblea1375
semblea1375
coup?a1400
to fight togethera1400
strikea1400
joinc1400
to join the battle1455
to commit battle?a1475
rencounter1497
to set ina1500
to pitch a battlea1513
concura1522
rescounter1543
scontre1545
journey1572
shock1575
yoke1581
to give in1610
mix1697
to engage a combat1855
to run (or ride) a-tilt1862
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (intransitive)] > take someone's part > intervene in support
to set in1656
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxix. 588 Whan thei saugh the hoste comynge thei merveiled fro whens so moche peple myght come. Neuertheles thei sette in a-monge hem.
1656 R. Sanderson 20 Serm. 341 A rich opportunity..,to set in for Gods cause.
1656 R. Baxter Reformed Pastor 73 It is our duty to set in for the assistance of these,..to help them to a conquest of their corruptions.
1665 R. Sanderson 8 Cases Conscience (1674) 85 Princes may see cause to set in for their own safety and interest.
1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. v. 117 May not the Stoicks here set in, and help us out at a dead lift?
4. To set to work, begin (upon something); esp. followed by to, for. Also passive. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]
beginc1000
onginOE
aginOE
ginc1175
to go tillc1175
to take onc1175
comsea1225
fanga1225
to go toc1275
i-ginc1275
commencec1320
to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400
to lay to one's hand(sc1405
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to set toc1425
standa1450
to make to1563
to fall to it1570
to start out1574
to fall to1577
to run upon ——1581
to break off1591
start1607
to set in1608
to set to one's hands1611
to put toa1616
to fall ona1625
in1633
to fall aboard1642
auspicatea1670
to set out1693
to enter (into) the fray1698
open1708
to start in1737
inchoate1767
to set off1774
go1780
start1785
to on with1843
to kick off1857
to start in on1859
to steam up1860
to push off1909
to cut loose1923
to get (also put) the show on the road1941
to get one's arse in gear1948
1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 495 Where the fire setteth in, the whole is spoiled.
1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Lev. xiii. 6) 136 God also will set in and wash such with the blood of his son.
1693 N. Tate tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires ii. 22 To behold your unnerv'd Sex set in To Needle-Work.
1700 W. Congreve Way of World iv. i. 53 Sir Wilfull is set into Drinking, Madam, in the Parlour.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 24. ⁋1 A worthy old Batchelor, who sets in for his Dose of Claret every Night.
1764 Museum Rusticum 2 xxix. 93 To let the first mower and his attendants set-in well before the second follow.
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho II. xii. 464 They are all set in to feasting yet.
1835 T. Moore Mem. (1856) VII. 82 [I] set in hard at work at the remainder of my volume.
1837 C. Dickens Let. ?Dec. (1965) I. 346 I was in the humour for writing last night—..was regularly set in—when there came a double knock.
1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes II. i. 7 I go upon the hurricane-deck, and set in for two hours of hard walking up and down.
1893 Field 11 Feb. 191/2 It set in to freeze.
5. To begin, become prevalent: chiefly of the weather entering upon a particular state.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > [verb (intransitive)] > begin or become prevalent
to set in1684
set1892
the world > time > particular time > [verb (intransitive)] > come or arrive (of a time) > become settled
to come in1719
to set in1765
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > begin [verb (intransitive)]
beginc1000
comsea1225
gin?c1225
becomsea1375
commencec1380
to take beginninga1400
enterc1425
to start up1568
initiatea1618
inchoate1654
dawn1716
to take in1845
to take up1846
to set in1848
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > undergo chemical reactions or processes [verb] > begin to react
to set in1857
1684 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 366 The weather now was set to an absolute Thaw & raine.
1765 S. Foote Commissary iii. 60 The latter end of the year, when the winter sets in.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Current When the western monsoons set, in December.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lx. 542 Politics set in a short time after dessert.
1856 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 11 Sept. in Eng. Notebks. (1997) II. v. 150 The evening set in misty and obscure.
1857 W. A. Miller Elements Chem.: Org. (1862) 137 Though no fermentation had set in.
1890 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 148 32/1 Sooner or later a reaction must set in.
6. Of a current or wind: To flow or blow towards the shore.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > move in a certain direction [verb (intransitive)] > of current or wind
set14..
to set in1719
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 225 The Current of the Flood set in close by the Shore.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 46 The westerly winds setting in on this coast.
1821 W. Scott Pirate I. i. 4 The current of a strong and furious tide..setting in betwixt the Orkney and Zetland Islands.
1831 Mirror XVII. 102/1 The tide sets in on this part of the coast with extraordinary velocity.
to set off
1. See simple trans. senses and off adv.:
a. To take away, remove. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away
ateec885
withbreidec890
animOE
overbearOE
to do awayOE
flitc1175
reavec1175
takec1175
to have away?a1300
to draw awayc1300
weve13..
to wend awaya1325
withdrawa1325
remuec1325
to carry away1363
to take away1372
waive1377
to long awaya1382
oftakec1390
to draw offa1398
to do froa1400
forflitc1420
amove?a1425
to carry out?a1425
surtrayc1440
surtretec1440
twistc1440
abstract1449
ostea1450
remove1459
ablatea1475
araisea1475
redd1479
dismove1480
diminish?1504
convey1530
alienate1534
retire1536
dimove1540
reversec1540
subtractc1540
submove1542
sublate1548
pare1549
to pull in1549
exempt1553
to shift off1567
retract?1570
renversec1586
aufer1587
to lay offa1593
rear1596
retrench1596
unhearse1596
exemea1600
remote1600
to set off1600
subduct1614
rob1627
extraneize1653
to bring off1656
to pull back1656
draft1742
extract1804
reef1901
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 143 Euery thing set off That might so much as thinke you enemies. View more context for this quotation
b. To alienate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > hatred > quarrel or falling out > quarrel or fall at variance with [verb (transitive)]
alienc1350
strange1460
estrangea1513
alienate1531
avert1532
stranger1608
to set off1633
disaffect1641
disoblige1647
unfriend1659
rupture1815
split1835
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 366 If any mans heart bee set upon the world, it is set off from God.
1651 Bp. J. Hall Susurrium cum Deo vi. 20 Doe Thou set off my heart from all these earthly vanities.
c. ? To discharge, cancel. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > annul, cancel, revoke [verb (transitive)]
fordoOE
allayOE
withdrawc1290
withclepe13..
again-callc1390
to call againc1390
repealc1390
revokec1400
unmakec1400
rive1415
annulc1425
abroge1427
uncommandc1430
discharge?a1439
retreatc1443
retract1501
cancela1513
abrogate?1520
dissolve1526
extinct1531
rescind1531
abrenounce1537
infringe1543
recall1565
unwrite1577
extinguish1590
exauctorate1593
relinquish1594
unact1594
to strike off1597
undecide1601
unpass1606
to take off1609
to draw back1610
reclaim1615
to put back1616
abrenunciate1618
unrip1622
supersedeate1641
to set off1642
unassure1643
unorder1648
to ask away1649
disdetermine1651
unbespeak1661
undecree1667
reassumea1675
off-break1702
circumduct1726
raise1837
resiliate1838
denounce1841
disorder1852
pull1937
1642 C. Vernon Considerations Excheqver 27 Such [sums] as shall appeare to be discharged or set off by such matter of Record.
1642 C. Vernon Considerations Excheqver 30 The Clerk of the Pipe is not to discharge or set off any part of the Sheriffes charge, but by Tallies to be leavied in his Majesties Receipt of Exchequer.
d. To put (a person) off. Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > evasive deception, shiftiness > evade [verb (transitive)] > put off
pop1530
to put off1569
to fode forth (also occasionally forward, off, on, out)1591
to shift offc1592
foist1598
to fob off1600
fub1600
to shuffle off1604
doffa1616
jig1633
to trump upa1640
whiffle1654
to fool off1664
sham1682
drill1752
to set off1768
to put by1779
jilt1782
palm1822
stall1829
job1872
to give (a person) the go-around1925
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 75 But think na, man, that I'll be set off sae, For I'll hae satisfaction ere I gae.
e. To stop the working of. Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > cause to cease or put a stop to > cause (a thing) to cease action > specifically a machine or mechanism
stop1538
to set off1728
to run down1840
1728 A. Ramsay Monk & Miller's Wife 51 Gae warm ye, and crack with our dame, Till I set aff the mill.
1823 W. Scott Peveril II. ix. 229 The goodman has set off the mill, to come to wait on you himself.
f. To set up in type separately.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > preparatory processes > composing > compose [verb (transitive)] > separately
to set off1770
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 375 A very close line in the Copy, which we set off, to see how it comes into the measure made to m's.
g. To let. Scottish.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > rent out [verb (intransitive)]
to set off1799
society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > hire or rent out [verb (transitive)]
let909
hirec1384
rentc1447
to let out1526
locatec1580
wage1590
to farm outa1593
hackney1608
to set out1614
ablocate1623
job1726
to hire out1776
to set off1799
society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > [adjective] > sub-letting > sub-let
to set off1799
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 516 He..set off five new farms, formerly waste land.
h. To cause to go off or explode, let off.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)]
loosec1400
fire1508
let1553
pop1595
report1605
unlade1611
to fire off1706
to let off1714
squib1811
to set off1881
to ease off1916
poop1917
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > use of mines and explosives > use mines and explosives [verb (transitive)] > mine > explode a mine, etc.
spring1625
vent1687
fire1699
to let off1714
to set off1881
bump1915
1881 H. Smith & C. R. Smith Isle of Wight Words Zet off,..to explode gunpowder.
1882 Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (new ed.) (at cited word) He set off the cannon.
1898 Engin. Mag. 16 69 A spark..that might set off the explosives.
2. To start off, give (a person or thing) a start; to send off into a fit of laughter, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > cause to begin to act or operate
to put (also set) to worka1398
to put on work?1440
streek?a1500
setc1500
to put (also set) in (also into) motion1598
spring1598
to set offa1625
to put (also set) in work1626
to set (a-)going1705
start1822
to start up1865
to set in motion1890
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > cause (a person) to begin to do something
launch1602
start1757
to set on1823
to start off1844
to set off1863
a1625 J. Fletcher Humorous Lieut. iii. vi, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrr3v/2 I seek a brave hand To set me off in death.
1828 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (ed. 2) 478 It is extremely important for the success of Trees, to possess a certain degree of vigour in the outset, or to be what is technically called, ‘well set off.’
1830 F. A. Kemble Rec. Girlhood (1878) II. 163 The carriage..was set off at its utmost speed.
1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers I. iii. 53 To divert her attention from the subject which had set her off into hysterics.
1865 C. J. Lever Luttrell xix. 132 One of those practised laughs, which, by setting others off, frequently cut short an unpleasant discussion.
1886 E. Whitaker Tip Cat (new ed.) xxii. 301 Her questions set Dick off thinking.
1889 ‘M. Gray’ Reproach of Annesley III. v. ii. 44 He..set Mr. Rickman off upon one of his interminable monologues.
3. To apportion or assign to a particular purpose; to portion off.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > assign or allot
givec1050
bequeatha1325
ordaina1325
assign1340
sortc1374
sign1389
betakea1400
beteacha1400
remiss1525
allot1534
carve1578
divide1600
to set off1687
1687 Bp. G. Burnet Contin. Refl. Mr. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 60 The appointments that were set off for her.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. To set off,.. 4. To separate or assign for a particular purpose; as, to set off a portion of an estate.
1842 Penny Mag. 8 Oct. 395/2 A portion of the stabling is set off as a ‘sick-box’ for the invalids.
4.
a. To mark or measure off (a certain distance) on a surface; to lay off (the lines of a ship).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > measure (off) a length or distance [verb (transitive)]
measurec1384
take1551
to set offa1647
to take off1658
society > communication > indication > marking > marking out > mark out [verb (transitive)]
to quarter out1600
to mark out1611
point1611
to set offa1647
to set out1653
score1687
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > draw plans or mark moulds
to set offa1647
sirmark1664
sweep1664
a1647 P. Pett Life in Archaeologia (1796) 12 250 They found by due trial all lines [of the ship] to be truly set off.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 62 The varied Measure must be set off from the top of the Cilinder.
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 95 Set off 30 Fathom on the Side BD.
1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. i. iii. 11 Taking the Length of XY from a Scale of equal Parts, set it off from X to Y.
1830 P. Hedderwick Treat. Marine Archit. 201 The square measurements of the cant-timbers are set off on the body-plan of the schooner foreward and abaft.
1876 G. E. Voyle Mil. Dict. (ed. 3) This space is formed by setting off demi~gorges of 30 yards.
1891 Chambers's Jrnl. 20 June 400/1 If three hundred and sixty separate degrees be set-off from the centre of a perfect circle.
b. To place along a surface at definite intervals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > space out
dispersea1535
stringc1650
space1712
to set out1812
to set off1850
1850 T. Inkersley Styles Archit. France 311 All these windows being set off on the outer face of the wall.
c. To mark off, separate from the context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] > separate from main body
skillc1175
to tell outc1325
shillc1440
sequestrate1513
sorta1535
shoal1571
segregate1579
dismember1580
single1582
scatter1588
disgregate1593
recond1608
sepone1619
sequester1625
canton1653
to cantonize outa1670
portion1777
to set off1795
to comb out1854
distinguish1866
split1924
hive off1931
section1960
separate1962
1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 165 When adjuncts or circumstances are of importance,..they may be set off by commas.
5.
a. To set in relief, make prominent or conspicuous by contrast.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > be contrary to [verb (transitive)] > set in opposition
to set off1598
to show offa1616
contrapose1617
counterpose1657
counterpoint1940
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > represent graphically [verb (transitive)] > set in relief or make prominent by contrast
to set off1598
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 212 My reformation glittring ore my fault, Shal shew more goodly,..Then that which hath no foile to set it off . View more context for this quotation
1633 G. Herbert Foil in Temple ii God hath made starres the foil To set off vertues; griefs to set off sinning.
1637 J. Milton Comus 27 She fables not, I feele that I doe feare Her words set off by some superior power.
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso (1674) i. xix. 20 Picture-drawers do the better set off the Figures they draw, by dark shadows.
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §93 (1699) 148 Good qualities are the Substantial Riches of the Mind, but 'tis good Breeding sets them off.
1778 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) viii. 454 That the blue, the grey, or the green colours..be used only to support and set off these warm colours.
1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 121 His raiment served to set his destitution off.
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. ix. 176 The primrose is set off by its nest of green.
1890 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Jan. 23 Thick brown hair..fell down on her shoulders and set off the margins of her smooth pure cheeks.
absolute.a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. iii. 13 It is Place, which lessen's, and sets off . View more context for this quotation
b. intransitive. To form a contrast (with).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > contrariety[vi] [verb (intransitive)] > form a contrast with
strivea1387
to set off1735
antistrophize1842
to strike off1884
1652 Bk. Drawing 34 What Colours set off best together.
1735 Dict. Polygraph. II. H h 4 Blues set off with yellows, reds, whites, browns, and blacks. Greens set off well with purples and reds.
6. To show to advantage, enhance, embellish.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off
becomec1314
commend1535
advancea1555
comely1573
outseta1578
countenance?1578
to set out1586
to stick off1613
to set offa1616
suit1655
to put off1700
advantage1748
approve1849
flatter1904
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 171 He hath a kinde of Honor sets him off, More then a mortall seeming. View more context for this quotation
1629 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. (ed. 5) iv. sig. B8 No quality sets a man off like this.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 439 Claudian has set off his Description of the Eridanus, with all the Poetical Stories that have been made of it.
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery xvi. 142 Fairy Butter... This is a pretty Thing to set off a Table at Supper.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas I. iii. v. 214 I adorned myself to the best of my power, the barber lending a helping hand, in order to set me off.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. vii. 188 Thou seest how well the French hose set off the leg and knee.
1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. iv. 133 The sculpture is approved and set off by the colour.
1891 Temple Bar July 445 Dress helped to set off her many charms.
7. To give a flattering description of, commend, praise.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)]
heryc735
mickleeOE
loveOE
praise?c1225
upraisea1300
alosec1300
commenda1340
allow1340
laud1377
lose1377
avauntc1380
magnifya1382
enhancea1400
roosea1400
recommendc1400
recommanda1413
to bear up?a1425
exalt1430
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
laudifyc1470
gloryc1475
advance1483
to bear out1485
prizec1485
to be or to have in laudationa1500
joya1500
extol1509
collaud1512
concend?1521
solemnize?1521
celebrate1522
stellify1523
to set up1535
well-word1547
predicate1552
glorify1557
to set forth1565
admire1566
to be up with1592
voice1594
magnificate1598
plaud1598
concelebrate1599
encomionize1599
to con laud1602
applauda1616
panegyrize1617
acclamate1624
to set offa1625
acclaim1626
raise1645
complement1649
encomiate1651
voguec1661
phrase1675
to set out1688
Alexander1700
talk1723
panegyricize1777
bemouth1799
eulogizea1810
rhapsodize1819
crack up1829
rhapsody1847
a1625 J. Fletcher Humorous Lieut. iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrr4v/2 Do you set off these Jewels?.. I meane, sell 'em.
1706 A. Pope Let. 10 Apr. in Corr. (1956) I. 16 The great dealers in Wit, like those in Trade, take least Pains to set off their Goods.
1785 R. Graves Eugenius II. xviii. 118 Young Scrip, whom Mrs. Banks was going to set off as a young man of great expectations.
1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. To set off,..2. To give a pompous or flattering description of; to eulogize; to recommend; as to set off a character.
8.
a. To take into account by way of compensation or equivalent; to put in the balance (against something); spec. in Law, to allow or recognize as a counter-claim. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > balance against or counterbalance > in legal claims, etc.
to set off1692
1692 G. Keith Account Great Division Quakers 23 According to S. J. the Blasphemy of W. S. shall be discounted for, and set off, against G. K's. reviling his Brethren, if he had been guilty thereof, which they can never prove.
1735 Act 8 Geo. II c. 24 §5 The Debt intended to be set off, shall be pleaded in Bar, in which Plea shall be shewn how much is truly and justly due on either side.
1772 F. Buller Introd. Law Nisi Prius (new ed.) 175 A Debt by simple Contract might by the former Act have been set off against a Specialty Debt.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. ii. v. 234 We may set off their drugs against our specifics.
1818 J. Campbell Nisi Prius Cases II. 586 The defendant had therefore a right to set off this loss against the premiums.
1819 W. P. Taunton Rep. Cases Comm. Pleas VII. 481 The Defendants' guaranty does not so make the Defendants parties to the contract, that they can set off.
1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes iv. 302 He [sc. the banner] is required to set off his customer's counter-claim.
1891 Sat. Rev. 15 Aug. 192/1 The produce is set off against the advance, the balance is fairly struck.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 182/2 The principle of ‘betterment’, according to which promoters would be allowed to set off against an owner's claim for compensation any enhancement of the value of his land by the use of the land taken by the promoters.
1994 What Investm. Jan. 10/3 Losses that remain unrelieved may be carried forward indefinitely and set off against future gains.
b. To counterbalance, compensate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > make equal [verb (transitive)] > balance against or counterbalance
gaina1375
counterpoise1393
peisea1400
weigh1583
set1589
poise1600
to weigh against, again1600
affront1609
balance1624
cancel1633
counterbalance1636
counterpose1636
compensate1656
equilibriatea1657
outset1656
equiponderate1661
equipoise1664
equibalance1665
offset1673
countersway1710
to set off1749
counterweigh1825
equilibrate1829
to set against ——1832
equilibrize1833
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones II. v. i. 114 Thus the Beauty of Day, and that of Summer, is set off by the Horrors of Night and Winter. View more context for this quotation
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. x. 250 The merry men of the forest set off the building of a cottage with the burning of a castle.
1893 Times 8 May 7/6 The loss feared in one branch of trade would be set off by a gain in another branch.
c. intransitive. To be a set-off against.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > be or become equal [verb (intransitive)] > balance or be balanced > act as a counterbalance
counterpoisec1430
counterweigh1523
balance1597
to set off1824
1824 Examiner 152/2 Prices neither have risen, nor is there the least prospect of their rising, to a rate that will set off against the taxes..that burden the land.
9.
a. intransitive. To start on a journey or course; transferred to start (doing something).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]
beginc1000
onginOE
aginOE
ginc1175
to go tillc1175
to take onc1175
comsea1225
fanga1225
to go toc1275
i-ginc1275
commencec1320
to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400
to lay to one's hand(sc1405
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to set toc1425
standa1450
to make to1563
to fall to it1570
to start out1574
to fall to1577
to run upon ——1581
to break off1591
start1607
to set in1608
to set to one's hands1611
to put toa1616
to fall ona1625
in1633
to fall aboard1642
auspicatea1670
to set out1693
to enter (into) the fray1698
open1708
to start in1737
inchoate1767
to set off1774
go1780
start1785
to on with1843
to kick off1857
to start in on1859
to steam up1860
to push off1909
to cut loose1923
to get (also put) the show on the road1941
to get one's arse in gear1948
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out
forthfarec888
foundOE
seta1000
to go forthOE
to fare forthc1200
partc1230
to pass forthc1325
to take (the) gatec1330
to take the wayc1330
to take one's waya1375
puta1382
treunt?a1400
movec1400
depart1490
prepare?1518
to set forth1530
to set forward(s)1530
busklea1535
to make out1558
to take forth1568
to set out1583
sally1590
start1591
to go off1600
to put forth1604
to start outa1626
intend1646
to take the road1720
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
to set off1774
to get off1778
to set away1817
to take out1855
to haul out1866
to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873
to hit, split or take the breeze1910
hop1922
1774 Trinket 91 I sat off in immediate pursuit of them.
1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf xi, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 218 They mounted..and..set off at a round gallop.
1823 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War I. 473 Messengers set off to solicit succour from Badajoz.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) iii. 17 They both set off in a fit of laughter.
1888 ‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Children viii. 58 He..set off to go home alone.
b. To take off for a leap. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > leaping, springing, or jumping > leap, spring, or jump [verb (intransitive)] > take off for a leap
to set off1768
to take off1781
1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 191 A mark from whence the rivals were to set off on their leap.
10. To have a certain appearance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > have specific appearance [verb]
to set off1616
1616 B. Jonson Poëtaster (rev. ed.) To Rdr., in Wks. I. 349 I, now, but thinke, how poore their spight sets off, Who,..Haue nothing left, but the vnsau'ry smoake Of their blacke vomit, to vpbrayd themselues.
11. Printing. To soil the next leaf or sheet: said of the ink or of the printed page.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > manner or style of printing > [verb (intransitive)] > set off
to set off1683
offset1888
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 76 Trane-Oyl..hinders the Inck from drying; so that when the Work comes to the Binders, it Sets off.
1777 in Notes & Queries 9th Ser. V. (1900) 189/1 [The binder] is particularly desired to beat the work before he places the cuts, in order to prevent the letterpress from setting off on the engravings.
1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 27 Some printers' works ‘set off’, as they term it, when the ink of one page leaves its impression upon the opposite page.
1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 343/2 An undue proportion of lampblack in the ink will cause it to smear,..and to ‘set-off’ during book~binding operations.
12. In the pianoforte, (of the hoppers) to make the proper set-off.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [verb (intransitive)] > set off (of hoppers)
to set off1853
1853 W. Sandilands Brit. Patent 548 2 I also claim an improvement, through the same means, in the setting off of the hopper [sc. for a pianoforte].
1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 281/1 Blocking is caused by the hoppers not ‘setting off’.
to set on
1. literal. To place on or upon something: see simple senses and on adv.: with special implication, e.g. to set (a vessel) on the fire; †to put on (an article of clothing); †to hang (a door).
ΚΠ
c975 Rushw. Gosp. Mark v. 23 Sete on honda ofer hiæ.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 197 He ne mihte finden on al his licame hwar he his finger on sette bute uppen wunden.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 158 Brutus sette on his flo.
a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 183 But furst sett on his sokkis.
c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 486 Downe þay take þat birde bryȝte, Sette hur one behinde þe knyȝte.
1522 in Archaeologia 25 450 Item pd..for settyng on of a horne & trymmyng of yor long bowe..iiij d.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Esdras iii. 6 They..set on the dores, lockes & barres of it.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 7 Soom doe set on caldrons, oothers dooe kendel a bauen.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 38 Another course [of a meal] is set on.
1690 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 10 To protect, set on, & bring off, those who should manege the Fire-ships.
17.. in Ritson Gammer Gurton's Garland (1783) 52 Is John smith within?.. Can he set on a shoe?
1808 Lady's Econ. Assist. 22 A welt should be set on to the waist at the back.
1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 140 To relieve, to make a sett near to another that cannot be sett on any more till it is taken in on each side.
1859 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 20 ii. 330 The tail is not neatly set on.
1880 Plain Knitting 11 Knitting can hardly be set on too loosely.
1884 Live Stock Jrnl. 1 Aug. 107/1 A..Setter Dog, good all round, with the exception of his ears, which are set on too high.
2. To set on foot, instigate, promote. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)]
beginc1175
baptizec1384
to set a (on) broachc1440
open1471
to set abroachc1475
entame1477
to set afloat1559
initiate1604
first1607
principiate1613
to set afoot or on foot1615
unclap1621
inchoatea1631
flush1633
to set on1638
principatec1650
rudiment1654
auspicate1660
embryonate1666
to strike up1711
start1723
institutea1797
float1833
spark1912
1638 F. Rous Heavenly Acad. vii. 106 They behold the shape of folly, of their owne setting on.
1652 H. Bell tr. M. Luther Colloquia Mensalia 334 The Emperor sent his Embassador to John Frederick, Prince Elector of Saxon, to set on and to further a Council.
1688 Lett. conc. Pres. St. Italy 158 The Son of him that set on the Massacres of the Protestants.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 262 The King was as earnest in the setting it on, as the Duke was in opposing it.
3.
a. To urge (an animal, esp. a dog) to attack.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > cause or incite to attack
setc1440
to set on1592
sick1845
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. D v What curre will not bawle..when he is set on by his master.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. (stage direct.) Enter diuers Spirits in shape of Dogs and Hounds, hunting them about: Prospero and Ariel setting them on.
1890 Mrs. A. MacLeod Austral. Girl I. xxii. 259 I found him setting a puppy on to some sheep.
b. To instigate, incite, urge on (a person) to do something.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate
stirc897
putOE
sputc1175
prokec1225
prickc1230
commovec1374
baitc1378
stingc1386
movea1398
eager?a1400
pokec1400
provokea1425
tollc1440
cheera1450
irritec1450
encourage1483
incite1483
harden1487
attice1490
pricklea1522
to set on1523
incense1531
irritate1531
animate1532
tickle1532
stomach1541
instigate1542
concitea1555
upsteer1558
urge1565
instimulate1570
whip1573
goad1579
raise1581
to set upa1586
to call ona1592
incitate1597
indarec1599
alarm1602
exstimulate1603
to put on1604
feeze1610
impulse1611
fomentate1613
emovec1614
animalize1617
stimulate1619
spura1644
trinkle1685
cite1718
to put up1812
prod1832
to jack up1914
goose1934
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lviii. 32 b By the settyng on of Sir Willyam Bayllule.
1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. i. sig. Dijv The vndewe loue he hath to hym selfe..setteth him on to take this way.
1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. i. sig. Diijv He hath priuyly or by secrete menes stered the, or set ye on (to do this thinge).
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxxxvij Beinge ayded by the Byshop of the same Citie, or set on rather.
1616 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 115 The chirurgion is a prating fello, and I think sett on per others.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 150 My Master was now bent against me, his Wife had set him on.
1743 J. Morris Serm. vii. 184 Whether they went out of their..choice, or were set on by others.
1781 D. Williams tr. Voltaire Dramatic Wks. II. 286 The devil set me on to marry you.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. ix. 162 Woman, thou art set on to this.
1892 Good Words May 300/2 It was..the boys—they set us on to ask.
c. To carry through to a conclusion; to drive home. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > following up, through, or prosecution > follow up, through, or out [verb (transitive)] > to the end
to go through1548
to set on1596
to set through1600
to carry through1609
to see outc1700
to follow out1762
to see through1828
1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden sig. T2 Speaking to him, that he shuld not go about to answere me, except he set it soundly on.
1655 H. More Antidote against Atheism (ed. 2) App. iii. 303 I confess the Objection is very ingenious and set on home.
4.
a. To advance, send forward. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move or cause to move forward or advance [verb (transitive)] > send forward
to set forth1525
to set forward1556
to set ona1616
to send on1877
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 330 Set on your foote, And..I follow you. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. iii. 107 Let vs to the Field, Labio and Flauio set our Battailes on. View more context for this quotation
b. To set in motion, set going. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > cause to move [verb (transitive)]
stira1023
icchec1175
wawc1290
movea1382
remble1579
rouse1582
agitate1592
act1597
to put in (also into, to) motion1597
activate1624
actuate1641
animate1646
ferment1667
to feague away1671
to carry about1680
excite1694
jee1722
bestir1813
emotion1831
to set on1855
send1864
motion1929
the world > movement > move [verb (intransitive)] > set in motion
to turn a wheel1849
to set on1855
1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. i. 74 By what influence do we draw our first breath, or set on the first stroke of the heart?
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Set on, the order to set the engine going on board a steamer.
5. To start (a person) doing something. Cf. to set off at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > cause (a person) to begin to do something
launch1602
start1757
to set on1823
to start off1844
to set off1863
1823 tr. Napoleon in tr. E.-A.-D. de Las Cases Memorial de Sainte Hélène I. ii. 307 It is well known to be no easy matter to check the people when they are once set on.
1866 Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve II. xxi. 86 I have coughed a great deal lately..and the coming in from the cold air to the atmosphere of your stifling stove, has set me on now.
6. To set or appoint (a person) to do something; = , to put on 8a at put v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > duties > [verb (transitive)] > assign a task to a person
setc1175
task1530
hight1590
taska1592
stint1844
let1850
to set on1852
society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > ordain, prescribe, or appoint > to do something
ordaina1325
disponec1374
rule1448
appoint1496
awarda1538
allot1566
to knock down1759
to set on1852
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. x. 228 He was set on to read Latin.
1856 Househ. Words 21 June 546/2 Frazer..set on two or three extra gangs of navvies.
7.
a. intransitive. To advance, go forward.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)]
wadeOE
agoOE
forthganga1000
forthgoOE
syeOE
kenc1275
to-stepc1275
vaunce1303
forthnima1325
passc1330
throc1330
forthpass1382
to pass forthc1384
to carry forthc1390
proceedc1392
to go alongc1400
to be forthwardc1430
get) groundc1436
to set onc1450
avauntc1460
pretend1481
to make way1490
advance?1507
to get forward1523
promove1570
to rid ground (also space)1572
to rid (the) way1581
progressa1586
to gather grounda1593
to make forth1594
to make on1597
to work up1603
perge1607
to work one's (also its) way1609
to pass on1611
to gain ground1625
to make its way1645
vadea1660
propagate1700
to gain one's way1777
further1789
to pull up1829
on1840
to make (up) ground1921
c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 2555 On thay set with herte stronge.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxii. 383 Loke ye sette on alle to-geder ther as ye shull here an horne blowe right high and lowde.
1605 1st Pt. Jeronimo sig. Fiii Set on to Spaine, in most triumphant measure.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 669 We set on..to th' Sea-side. View more context for this quotation
1808 W. Scott Marmion iv. iii. 189 Marmion Gave..the signal to set on.
b. To make a move for. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)] > make a move for
to set on1616
1616 T. Roe Embassy to Great Mogul (1899) 342 When I deliuer the Next guiftes to the Mogoll..I will sett on anew for a formall contract.
c. To begin working.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > become active or come into operation > of a mechanism, etc.
to fire up1859
start1880
to set on1889
trip1940
1889 W. Westall Birch Dene II. iii. 34 All of you to your places; the engine is setting on again.
1889 W. Westall Birch Dene II. xi. 173 Nearly an hour after the engine had ‘set on’.
8. To make an attack. Now dialect in set on at or to = attack, assail.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > attack [verb (intransitive)]
to lay ona1225
assailc1325
sailc1330
assemblea1375
to fall inc1384
to fall ona1387
givec1430
brunt1440
to set (all) on sevenc1440
to ding on1487
to fall down1534
offend1540
to go on1553
to give on?1611
to let fly1611
strikea1616
insult1638
to set on1670
aggress1708
to carry the war into the enemy's camp1791
hop over1929
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > attack with hostile words or measures
fangc1320
hurtlec1374
impugnc1384
weighc1386
to fall upon ——a1398
to start on ——a1398
oppugn?1435
to lay to, untoa1500
onseta1522
wipe1523
to set against ——1542
to fall aboard——1593
aggress1596
to fall foul1602
attack1613
appugn1615
to set upon ——1639
to fall on ——1641
to lay home, hard, hardly to1650
tack1720
bombard1766
savage1796
to pitch into ——1823
to begin upon a personc1825
bulldog1842
to down on (also upon)a1848
to set at ——1849
to start on ——a1851
to start in on1859
set on at or to1862
to let into1872
to go for ——1890
swash1890
slog1891
to get at ——1893
tee1955
1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 120 Country People..read not so many Gazetts, as a Citizen, nor concern themselves where the Turk, or King of France sets on next.
1862 Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Halliburton's Troubles III. vi. 72 His sister..set on at the wife, a-saying it was her fault.
to set out
I. To lay out, display, and related uses.
1. See simple senses and out adv., int., and prep.; to lay out, spread out; to cause to project or extend; to display (a flag); etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > spread (something) out or open
abredeeOE
bredeOE
stretcha1000
to-spreada1000
openOE
spreadc1175
displayc1320
to let outc1380
to open outc1384
outspreada1400
spald?a1400
splayc1402
expand?a1475
to lay along1483
speld?a1500
skail1513
to set abroad1526
to lay abroad1530
flarec1550
bespread1557
to set out1573
dispread1590
explaina1600
expanse1600
dispack1605
splat1615
dispand1656
extend1676
flat1709
spelder1710
spreadeagle1829
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project from (something) [verb (transitive)] > cause to project or stretch forth
straightc1400
protend?a1475
shoot1533
raise1568
to set out1573
project1624
protrude1638
to start out1653
penthouse1655
portend1657
to throw out1689
obtend1697
to lay out1748
bumfle1832
out-thrust1855
rank1867
society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [verb (transitive)] > fly or hoist flags, etc.
stretchc1400
to put outa1450
show1488
wear1558
to set out1573
to set up1585
to put abroad1625
fly1655
hoist1697
rehoist1765
run1815
1573 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) 193 Setting owte & Taking in againe..sundry kyndes of Apparell.
1576 G. Pettie Petite Pallace Setting out flag of defyance.
1592 T. Tymme Plaine Discouerie Ten Eng. Lepers vii. H 2 b Olde age draweth in the eyes, setteth out the teeth.
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia viii. 331 The light That Pharus tower sets out at night.
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 190 Let us a little set out the bounder-stones of this disquisition upon which we are fallen.
1699 G. Farquhar Love & Bottle i. 3 The Enemy approaches, we must set out our false Colours.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 141 How many [sc. pots] crack'd by the..Heat of the Sun, being set out too hastily.
1888 ‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Children xii. 95 The jeweller..set out some trays of pretty inexpensive brooches.
1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 250 The side having been stuffed, and next ‘set out’..the next step in the process of manufacturing upper leather is that of whitening.
2. To spread (leather) on a flat surface while wet, in order that it may dry free from wrinkles.
ΚΠ
1885 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather xxiii. 423 The side having been stuffed, and next ‘set out’..the next step in the process of manufacturing upper leather is that of whitening.
1909 H. G. Bennett Manuf. Leather xxi. 261 The butts are now struck out, ‘set out’ or ‘pinned’.
1946 J. W. Waterer Leather ii. ii. 147 The butts are piled up to drain... They are ‘set out’ to remove wrinkles and smooth the grain.
1969 T. C. Thorstensen Pract. Leather Technol. v. 70 After bleaching, the bends are wrung and sent to an oil wheel... This process usually takes about one hour. The leather is ‘set out’ to smooth and dry.
3. To set in relief, set off. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)] > strikingly
to set out1577
illustrate1603
to stick off1613
signalize1624
to draw out1855
spotlight1907
highlight1922
limelight1927
1577 G. Whetstone Remembraunce Gaskoigne vii Euil sets out good, as far as black dooth white.
1611 Second Maiden's Trag. (1909) v. ii. 70 The Body..drest vp in black veluet which setts out the pailenes of the handes and face.
1658 W. Sanderson Graphice 48 Light and Shadows forward, set out any Painting outwards.
4. To expose. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > make subject to an action or influence
obtain1425
subjecta1450
to put forth1482
to set out1579
expose1594
to lay (also leave) open1595
render1642
to get (also put, have, etc.) on the run1909
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus xxiii. 404/2 That our life seemeth to be set out to Sathan [Fr. exposee à Satan].
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Exposé,..set out, put or layed open to.
5. To accompany or escort on the way. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > show (the way) [verb (transitive)] > bring or take to a place
leadc825
conveya1375
accompany1426
bringa1500
assist1525
associate1548
hand1590
commit1598
see1603
to set out1725
set1740
trot1888
1725 P. Walkden Diary 13 Jan. (1866) (modernized text) 7 I rose and set son John out towards the coalpit.
1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 52 Young Susy half consenting To set me out a mile o' geate.
II. To equip, fit out; to send forth.
6.
a. To fit out (a ship, fleet) for a voyage; to equip for an expedition; to send out (forces), fit out (an expedition). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (transitive)] > equip for a journey or expedition
to set outa1122
a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1047 Man sette ut .ix. litsmanna scipa.
1557 in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pleas Court Admiralty (1897) II. 31 Another shippe of warre..furnished manned and victualyd and sett out to the seas by Walter Rawleighe.
1601 R. Hakluyt tr. A. Galvano Discov. World 20 I know not whether the charge of that voiage was theirs or the kings. But by whom soeuer it was set out [etc.].
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 783 (margin) The Christian princes set out a fleet for the recouerie of Tripolis.
1605 J. Stow Annales (new ed.) 1402 The Citizens of London set out 500 souldiers into Ireland, with their furniture.
a1642 J. Suckling Goblins i. i, in Wks. (1874) II. 11 Why does not then the state Set out some forces, and suppress them?
1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 1 Christopher Columbus first solicited the king of Portugal to set him out.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 313 The fleet could not be set out that year.
b. To equip or furnish with.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > equip or outfit
frameOE
dightc1275
fayc1275
graith1297
attire1330
purveyc1330
shapec1330
apparel1366
harnessc1380
ordaina1387
addressa1393
array1393
pare1393
feata1400
point1449
reparel?c1450
provide1465
fortify1470
emparel1480
appoint1490
deck?15..
equip1523
trim1523
accoutre1533
furnish1548
accommodate1552
fraught1571
suit1572
to furnish up1573
to furnish out1577
rig1579
to set out1585
equipage1590
outreik1591
befit1598
to furnish forth1600
fita1616
to fit up1670
outrig1681
to fit out1722
mount?1775
outfit1798
habilitate1824
arm1860
to fake out1871
heel1873
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. i. 114 Set out and furnished with bowes and arrowes.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Goose They set out Arrows with its Feathers.
c. To dress for going out. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > other
wear?c1225
wear?c1225
wear?a1366
hapc1390
to-ragc1430
to make up1593
puppet1635
to set out1688
undress1818
overclothe1819
toilet1842
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ooo/3 To set out a Child in order to go abroad, habiller un Enfant pour sortir.
d. To put out (a boat). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > launch or set afloat [verb (transitive)] > put out a (boat or ship)
to put out1621
to put off1639
to set out1694
1694 tr. F. Martens Voy. Spitzbergen 128 in Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. They set out their Long-boats after the Whale.
7. With immaterial object: To cause to go forth, send forth; to give currency or vogue to; to issue, promulgate. Obsolete.to set out one's throat: see throat n. Phrases 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > [verb (transitive)]
showc1175
conveyc1386
directa1400
address1490
communicate1529
participate1531
import1565
discourse1591
tradit1657
to set out1695
trajecta1711
c1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. D) ann. 1052 & setton stefna ut to Lundene & man bead þa folce þider ut ofer ealne þisne norðende.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 197 For epitaphies are..not set out till the parties bee deceassed.
1548 in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 9 This confescion was fyrste wrytten and set out by the ministers of the churche and congregacion of Sweuerland.
1560 in A. Macdonald & J. Dennistoun Misc. Maitland Club (1843) III. ii. 216 Traditiones of men sett owt to thirle the consciences of Goddis people.
1687 Bp. G. Burnet Contin. Refl. Mr. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 83 The Articles of our Religion were agreed on, and set out by Authority.
1695 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 228 The Parliament..setting out a Proclamation prohibiting the currency of half Crown.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 500 The King set out a declaration for satisfying his people.
8. To exhibit (a play) on the stage; to exhibit (public games). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > match or competition > take part in match or competition [verb (transitive)] > exhibit public games
to set out1540
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > the staging of a theatrical production > stage [verb (transitive)]
enact1430
to set out1540
to bring (a person) on or to the stage1602
to bring on1768
to get up1782
to put up1832
stage1879
to put on1885
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus Prol. sig. Bijv That same wyll we nowe sette out before you (with personages) in our play.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Comparo To sette out playes with great charges.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 11v Romulus..set out playes to gather ye fayre women together.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxvii. 635 A decree was graunted, that C. Hostilius the Pretour should vow, and set out the games and playes of Apollo.
9. To put into print, publish (a literary work).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > publishing > publish [verb (transitive)]
to put forth1482
to put out1529
to set forth1535
promulge1539
to set abroada1555
present1559
to set out1559
utter1561
divulge1566
publish1573
print?1594
emit1650
edition1715
edit1727
to give to the world1757
to get out1786
to send forth1849
to bring out1878
run1879
release1896
pub1932
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus This Arte was..wryten in our Dutch tung and first set out by him.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 58 Which booke I haue in writyng, and is not yet set out in print.
1612 J. Chamberlain in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 214 I hear of some verses are set out or given to some few, but not publicly sold.
10. To declare, proclaim, show forth, reveal. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)]
uppec897
atewOE
sutelec1000
openOE
awnc1175
kithec1175
forthteec1200
tawnec1220
let witc1275
forthshowa1300
to pilt out?a1300
showa1300
barea1325
mythc1330
unfoldc1374
to open outc1390
assign1398
mustera1400
reyve?a1400
vouchc1400
manifest?a1425
outshowc1425
ostendc1429
explayc1443
objecta1500
reveala1500
patefy?1509
decipher1529
relieve1533
to set outa1540
utter1542
report1548
unbuckle1548
to set forth1551
demonstrate1553
to hold forth1560
testify1560
explicate1565
forthsetc1565
to give show of1567
denudec1572
exhibit1573
apparent1577
display?1578
carry1580
cipher1583
laya1586
foreshow1590
uncloud?1594
vision1594
explain1597
proclaim1597
unroll1598
discloud1600
remonstrate1601
resent1602
to bring out1608
palesate1613
pronounce1615
to speak out1623
elicit1641
confess1646
bear1657
breathe1667
outplay1702
to throw out1741
evolve1744
announce1781
develop1806
exfoliate1808
evince1829
exposit1882
pack1925
society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)]
speakc825
areadc885
meldeOE
sayOE
yknowa1225
warnc1275
bekena1300
wraya1300
signifyc1325
declarec1340
to speak outc1384
discuss1389
notifyc1390
bida1400
advertise1447
notice1447
detectc1465
render1481
minister1536
to set outa1540
summonc1540
intimate1548
acquaint1609
phrase1614
voice1629
denote1660
unlade1717
apprise1817
aira1902
a1540 R. Barnes Wks. (1573) 293/2 That..the declaration and setting out of his worde.
1547 Certain Serm. or Homilies Mis. Mankind sig. ***j b He is the God, whiche..setteth out his charitie and exceadyng loue toward vs.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Dico To employe his studie to set out ones prayse.
?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 374 Robert Melwene of Carnebie, That with that bischop went about, To sett his feinyeit falsett out.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 77 If I should not set out to the publick view the worth of her people.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 545 If any more eminent matter of Valour or Policy happen, there is given a fair occasion..to set out the Authors or Inventors thereof.
1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel 233 Then will this Antichrist by a publick writing be exhibited or set out to the world in his colours.
11. To express, denote. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > mean, signify, express [verb (transitive)]
tokenc888
meaneOE
sayOE
bequeathc1175
signifya1382
beara1400
bemeana1400
soundc1400
designc1429
applyc1450
betoken1502
express1526
conveya1568
intend1572
carry1584
denotate1597
pronounce1610
to set out1628
implya1640
speak1645
denote1668
designate1741
describe1808
enunciate1859
read1894
society > communication > expression > [verb (transitive)]
abroachc1400
figure1475
express1549
unload1561
vent1602
speaka1616
extrinsicate1645
to set out1684
ventilate1823
exhibit1849
register1901
1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 4 The word art, doth set out the generall nature of Logick.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. §53. 284 The word whereby the Evangelist setteth out consent in prayer.
1684 S. E. Answer Remarks upon Dr. H. More 41 The Kings of the Earth..calling to the Rocks and Mountains..sets out the fear of those great Men.
III. To display; to extol.
12. To display (wares) for sale.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (transitive)] > expose or offer for sale
cheapa1225
to set out13..
to put forthc1350
utter?c1400
market1455
offer1472
lovea1500
pitch1530
to set on (or a) sale1546
exposea1610
to bring to market1639
huckster1642
shop1688
deal1760
to put on the market1897
merchandise1926
13.. K. Alis. 7077 Ac theygh the marchaunt sette out his ware, In the stret.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 715/1 This felowe hath set out his marchandyse to the shewe.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Mangonner, to..set out vnto the eye sale things.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 198 All vertues become lesse prized in them, who set them out to sale.
1829 Examiner 370/1 Shop-keepers set out their goods for the purpose of attracting the gaze.
13.
a. To display to advantage, put forward to attract attention, make attractive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > be becoming to or set off
becomec1314
commend1535
advancea1555
comely1573
outseta1578
countenance?1578
to set out1586
to stick off1613
to set offa1616
suit1655
to put off1700
advantage1748
approve1849
flatter1904
1586 T. Bowes in tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. Ep. Ded. sig. *vj Seeing they are sent to edifie others, and not to set out themselues.
1605 G. Chapman Al Fooles v. ii. 195 As for your mother, shee..could set out her taile with as good grace as any shee in Florence.
1619 W. Whately Gods Husbandry 102 Hee that is apt to set out himselfe, and cannot brooke another that goeth not so farre as himselfe: that man doe thou suspect, and from him be thou reserued.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. iii. 9 Mahomet..when hee set out the felicitie of his heaven, by..the delights of sense. View more context for this quotation
b. To extol, ‘crack up’. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)]
heryc735
mickleeOE
loveOE
praise?c1225
upraisea1300
alosec1300
commenda1340
allow1340
laud1377
lose1377
avauntc1380
magnifya1382
enhancea1400
roosea1400
recommendc1400
recommanda1413
to bear up?a1425
exalt1430
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
laudifyc1470
gloryc1475
advance1483
to bear out1485
prizec1485
to be or to have in laudationa1500
joya1500
extol1509
collaud1512
concend?1521
solemnize?1521
celebrate1522
stellify1523
to set up1535
well-word1547
predicate1552
glorify1557
to set forth1565
admire1566
to be up with1592
voice1594
magnificate1598
plaud1598
concelebrate1599
encomionize1599
to con laud1602
applauda1616
panegyrize1617
acclamate1624
to set offa1625
acclaim1626
raise1645
complement1649
encomiate1651
voguec1661
phrase1675
to set out1688
Alexander1700
talk1723
panegyricize1777
bemouth1799
eulogizea1810
rhapsodize1819
crack up1829
rhapsody1847
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ooo/3 To set one out, or speak much to his Praise.
1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. xxix The Colours [of rival charioteers] themselves were but a Fancy; but when once a Man had taken pains to set out those of his Party, and had been at the trouble of procuring Voices for them, the Case was alter'd.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. viii. 39 How have you over-rated my merits!..should you not..have known something of my mind before you had set me out thus.
14. To embellish, adorn, deck out, trick out. Also reflexive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament > trim or deck out
perfurnish1375
enflourish?a1400
varnish14..
perform1420
to pick outc1429
polish?1440
trimc1516
to set out1523
trick?1532
face1542
trick1545
prank1546
tricka1555
bawdefy1562
tickle1567
prink1573
finify1586
deck1587
decore1603
betrima1616
fangle1615
beprank1648
prim1688
to garnish outa1704
decorate1782
to do off1794
dizen1807
tricolatea1825
fal-lal1845
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 422 O noble Chaucer, whos pullisshyd eloquence Oure Englysshe rude so fresshely hath set out.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. DDiiii Nat sette out with fayre..and fyne clothes.
1589 T. Cooper Admon. People of Eng. 56 The Libeller to set out his Pasquill, raketh all things.
1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy iii. ii. ii. iii. 572 Gold and precious stones doe condescend to set out their shooes.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 205 They set out their Discourse with all sorts of Fables.
a1704 T. Brown Ess. Women in 4th Vol. Wks. (1709) i. 41 They bestow..as much Times and Pains in the Art of Dissimulation, as they do in setting out their Faces.
1714 Lady Cowper Diary (1865) 36 There she was, set out in all her Airs.
1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ix. 89 It is good with Vinegar, and a fine Dish to set out a cold Table.
IV. To put out for a purpose.
15. To put out at interest. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > lend (money) [verb (transitive)] > lend at interest
lenda900
ockera1382
to set out1533
to lend out (or forth)1549
bank1567
to put forth1572
leta1605
to let outa1616
usure1620
fenerate1623
loan1740
1533 in J. W. Clay Testamenta Eboracensia (1902) VI. 8 All such goodes..shall..be sett owte to the use and profett of John Mering, Robert Mering and Nicholes Mering.
1614 B. Rich Honestie of Age (1615) 36 Euery man can call him an Vsurer that setteth out his money.
1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 22 All such as..dare not set out their Moneys at interest.
16. To put (a child) out to nurse; to place out with a master or at school. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > [verb (transitive)] > put to education > commit to a person for
putc1515
to set out1575
society > education > upbringing > [verb (transitive)] > commit to the care of a nurse
to set out1575
to put (out) to nurse1593
1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. iv. iv. sig. Iii I thinke no mens children are thus set out.
1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. xxi. 7) 165 If the childe must be set out, let a fit nurse be looked after.
c1670 A. Wood Life (1891) I. 130 Somtimes she would tell him that she would set him out to an attorney or sollicitor.
1729 P. Walkden Diary 27 Oct. (1866) (modernized text) 61 To-day we set son Henry out to school to Mr. Nabb.
17.
a. To set apart for certain treatment. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. v. 57 Whom you your selues shall set out for reproofe. View more context for this quotation
1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 608 Thus saith the Lord, my God; yet amongst these Jewes, which I have justly set out for this slaughter, there is a flocke of mine, whom I have due care of.
b. To put aside (a tenth part); to reserve as tithe. Obsolete. (Cf. set forth at sense 106, b.)
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [verb (transitive)] > put aside as tithe
to set forth1548
to set out1548
1548 Act 2 & 3 Edw. VI c. 13 §1 Everye of the Kinges subjectes shall..devide sett out yelde and paye all manner of their prediall tythes in their proper kynde.
1654 W. Sheppard Parsons Guide vi. 19 The common course of setting out and delivering corn by the common Law, is by the tenth shock, cock, or sheaf.
1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes iii. 160 Men were forced to set the Tithes duly out, and pay them fully.
1736 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 697/1 And no Quaker shall after such Notice, and before the setting out, or after such Tythe shall be so set out, withdraw or take away, or cause to be withdrawn or taken away the said Tythes.
1768 Case of Jeffry Ruffle 3 He gave him notice every time of the setting out of his tythes.
18. To let or lease out. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > hiring or letting out > hire or rent out [verb (transitive)]
let909
hirec1384
rentc1447
to let out1526
locatec1580
wage1590
to farm outa1593
hackney1608
to set out1614
ablocate1623
job1726
to hire out1776
to set off1799
1614 B. Rich Honestie of Age (1615) 37 The Land-Lords that doe set out their liuings at those high rates.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 6 Some boyle not the Salt in their owne name but set it out to others.
1693 J. Dalrymple Inst. Law Scotl. (ed. 2) i. xvi. 135 Letting out of Lands, or setting out of Houses.
V. To express in detail, to delineate, arrange, and related uses.
19.
a. †To exhibit graphically (obsolete); to put down on paper in express or detailed form; to describe or enumerate expressly; to detail.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > describe [verb (transitive)]
sayOE
devisec1300
readc1300
to make (a) showing ofc1330
counterfeitc1369
expressc1386
scrievec1390
descrya1400
scrya1400
drawa1413
representc1425
describec1450
report1460
qualify?1465
exhibit1534
perscribe1538
to set out1545
deline1566
delineate1566
decipher1567
denotate1599
lineate16..
denote1612
givea1616
inform?1615
to shape out1633
speaka1637
display1726
to hit off1737
society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [verb (transitive)] > write out at length
to write outa1400
to set out1545
extenda1639
expand1894
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > make specific [verb (transitive)] > express in detailed form
articlec1434
to set out1545
articulate1551
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > draw [verb (transitive)]
writeeOE
drawa1398
descrivec1400
describe1538
to draw forth1539
to set out1545
design1570
to draw out1576
detrain1587
lineate16..
linea1616
redraw1728
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clviii Before Luthers booke was sette out a picture.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 13 There ye shall see it [pallium] set out in white with a great many of blacke crosses vpon it.
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 12 The other [sc. Cicero] setteth oute no poynte of rhetorike, so fullie in all his bookes, as [etc.].1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. ix. 84 The very same partie by whom the liuely figure before set out was made.1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xxix. 150 b The places..most notable, and that doe merite to be set out.1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 109 Yt shoulde sett out the matter orderly.1658 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 2nd Pt. 314 The Christians getting to heaven, is set out as a businesse of so much difficulty.1693 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires x. Argt. 190 The Poet's Design in this Divine Satyr, is to represent the various Wishes and Desires of Mankind; and to set out the Folly of 'em.1772 F. Buller Introd. Law Nisi Prius (new ed.) 172 In such Case the Jury are not to set out the Value of the Land descended.1842 Act 5 & 6 Victoria c. 45 Sched. 4 Set out the Title of the Book.1879 M. Pattison Milton 101 This moving situation Gauden, no mean stylist, set out in the best academical language of the period.1896 Athenæum 14 Mar. 339/1 A list of authorities set out in the appendix.
b. To furnish a translation of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > explanation, exposition > translation > translate [verb (transitive)]
setc888
wendeOE
turnc1175
writec1275
drawa1325
translatea1375
expound1377
takea1382
interpret1382
transpose1390
remue?a1400
renderc1400
put?a1425
to draw outa1450
reducec1450
compile1483
redige?1517
make1529
traducea1533
traduct1534
converta1538
do1561
to set out1597
transcribe1639
throw1652
metaphrase1868
versionize1874
1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke To Rdr. sig. B I do not doubt, but many..will wonder that..I haue taken vpon mee to set out that in our vulgar tongue.
1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii. 232 It was hee, that set vs out the life of Sir Thomas More in English.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1649 (1955) II. 563 Dr. Crighton,..a learned Gretian, who set out the Council of Florence.
20.
a. To delimit, define, mark out.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > marking > marking out > mark out [verb (transitive)]
to quarter out1600
to mark out1611
point1611
to set offa1647
to set out1653
score1687
1653 E. Manlove Liberties & Customes Lead-mines Derby 48 The finder,..May have two meers met, and set out by stake.
1660 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. III. i. 5 He..first set out and limited the habitable parts of the earth.
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. iv. 286 A false Supposition, that these two Names, Man and Beast, stand for distinct Species so set out by real Essences, that there can come no other Species between them.
1727 A. Boyer Dictionaire Royal (rev. ed.) (at cited word) Every Man has his Share of Provisions and Business set out.
1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. xiv. 265 If he is to work..it must not be by having work set out for him.
1870 T. Hughes Alfred the Great xv The shires and their sub-divisions..were carefully set out.
b. To portion out (land) into lots.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > distribute or deal out [verb (transitive)] > divide into shares > divide and share out > land
lot1523
canton1598
to set outa1684
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1675 (1955) IV. 57 When the Rebells were dividing their Conquests in Ireland, he was employed by them to measure & set out the Land.
1804 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. IV. 527 The commissioners should set out, allot, and assign unto the lady of the manor 20 statute acres of the common and waste grounds.
1893 Field 1 Apr. 486/1 My predecessor had set out a large field in allotments.
c. To plan, lay out (a town, road, garden, etc.); to lay out (ground) with plants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > garden > [verb (transitive)] > lay out
to set out1673
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > [verb (transitive)] > plan or develop
to lay outc1608
to set out1673
develop1863
town-plan1911
redevelop1936
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 3 The present Town having been contrived and set out all at once.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1653 (1955) III. 80 I began to set out the Ovall Garden at Says Court.
1689 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 298 To set out a Cart road according to Statute.
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 138 A Gardener who has a Parterre or a Grove to set out.
1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 ii. 335 A ditch is then to be set out 4 feet wide.
1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 ii. 426 He..himself sets out his drains and his water-meads.
1893 Cornhill Mag. May 485 Every year sees another acre or two set out with narcissus bulbs.
d. To mark out, lay out in a pattern or design.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > pattern [phrase]
to set out1838
1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 322/1 Professor Phillips described an Odontograph, or instrument for setting out the teeth of wheels.
1861 Temple Bar 1 234 The lines of a floating battery in setting out the lines of a..fast frigate.
1891 D. Denning Art Cabinet-making 213 The sketch from which the working drawing is set out.
1892 E. Rowe Hints on Chip-carving 45 To set out the borders on Figs. 35 and 36.
21.
Thesaurus »
Categories »
a. To arrange (a table, a room, etc.) for a meal or other purpose; to spread (a table, etc.) with ornaments, etc.; to dress (a window).
b. To put out or arrange (things necessary for a meal, game, etc.), esp. on a table; to lay (a meal).
ΚΠ
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. i. v. 41 The next step was to regale after their labours. A large table was set out in the hall.
1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 764/2 The room was set out for dinner.
1856 Leisure Hour 5 604/1 Is it beneath his dignity to take down the shutters and ‘set out’ the window of his establishment?
1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. x. 193 Seth..began to..clear the small round deal-table that he might set out his mother's tea upon it.
1872 C. S. Calverley Fly Leaves 34 I see her..setting out the tea things, For a howling herd of hungry boys.
1885 J. Payn Luck of Darrells xliii The table was brilliantly set out with glass and silver.
c. To arrange (objects) at proper intervals or with a due amount of display; spec. to plant out; to leave (plants) at a distance apart, by thinning (cf. single v.1 7a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] > thin out
weed1544
size1660
suckera1661
single1731
rogue1764
to set out1812
flag1846
ratoon1907
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > space out
dispersea1535
stringc1650
space1712
to set out1812
to set off1850
1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. 15 Removing the plants..and setting them out in beds.
1831 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (1857) §6009 The planters differ in the number of hills to be made..some choosing to set them out..in rows of equal distances.
1847 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 8 i. 215 The plants are set out with the hoe, the distance varying from 14 to 18 inches.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. x. 285 This line [of stakes] was set out and numbered from the Trélaporte side of the valley.
1888 B. W. Richardson Son of Star II. v. 79 A commander-in-chief who cannot set out troops.
1888 B. W. Richardson Son of Star III. xii. 218 The tents..are set out in the order of a city.
1890 Jrnl. Educ. Aug. 429/2 The examples are nowhere ‘set out’, but buried in the body of the page.
d. Printing. To exhaust (available type in a case, fount, etc.).
ΚΠ
1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. Set out, to compose all the type out of a case, or to arrange and white out any particular job.
VI. To put at variance.
22. To put (people) at variance. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > become at variance with [verb (transitive)] > cause (dissension) > set (people) at variance
to-bear971
to cast (in) a bone1498
to set (or fall) at variancec1522
to set by the ears?1566
distract1597
to set outa1610
jarc1615
dissentiate1628
vary1795
a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters (1636) 51 If he be chosen Arbitrator betwixt two at difference..hee sets them out further then euer they were before.
1649 in E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 156 To breed differences with and set him out with the Queene his mother.
VII. To start on a course; to project. intransitive.
23.
a. To begin or start on a journey; to start on one's way.Set out is felt as more appropriate than set off in this sense when the journey is undertaken with some deliberation or is of an important or arduous character.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > set out
forthfarec888
foundOE
seta1000
to go forthOE
to fare forthc1200
partc1230
to pass forthc1325
to take (the) gatec1330
to take the wayc1330
to take one's waya1375
puta1382
treunt?a1400
movec1400
depart1490
prepare?1518
to set forth1530
to set forward(s)1530
busklea1535
to make out1558
to take forth1568
to set out1583
sally1590
start1591
to go off1600
to put forth1604
to start outa1626
intend1646
to take the road1720
to take one's foot in one's hand1755
to set off1774
to get off1778
to set away1817
to take out1855
to haul out1866
to hit the trail (less commonly the grit, pike, road, etc.)1873
to hit, split or take the breeze1910
hop1922
1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iv. 24 b Thei franckly and freely sette out of the Towne.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. ii. 5 When they were ready to set out for London. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 111 Mee thou thinkst not slow, Who since the Morning hour set out from Heav'n..and ere mid-day arriv'd In Eden. View more context for this quotation
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1650 (1955) III. 13 Next morning by 4 we set out for Canterbury.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. lix. 215 I write this after all are gone to bed; and the fellow is to set out with it by day-break.
1829 T. Hood Dream Eugene Aram in Gem 1 118 Two stern-faced men set out from Lynn.
1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott IV. xi. 366 The Baronet..set out on his return to the North.
1886 A. Sergeant No Saint ix He set out resolutely to walk across country.
1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. v. 164 We set out together for the base of the Buet,—I on muleback, he walking.
b. const. infinitive. To begin one's career or start off with the object of doing something; to lay oneself out (to do).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb] > aim to do or be intent on doing
guess?c1320
to be out1887
to set out1888
1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. III. lxxxix. 211 It..accomplished much of what it set out to do.
1893 Harper's Mag. Jan. 313/2 Did he..deliberately set out to be a tyrant?
1897 Bookman Jan. 126/1 The..stories..don't set out to prove anything.
c. elliptical.
ΚΠ
1744 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 12 June (1966) II. 331 A new Vice Legate,..Young, rich, and handsome, and setts out in a greater Figure than ever has been known here.
1798 Geraldina I. 191 Nor would I set out a Reformer.
24. To start on a certain course; to begin or start off (with or by doing something).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]
beginc1000
onginOE
aginOE
ginc1175
to go tillc1175
to take onc1175
comsea1225
fanga1225
to go toc1275
i-ginc1275
commencec1320
to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400
to lay to one's hand(sc1405
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to set toc1425
standa1450
to make to1563
to fall to it1570
to start out1574
to fall to1577
to run upon ——1581
to break off1591
start1607
to set in1608
to set to one's hands1611
to put toa1616
to fall ona1625
in1633
to fall aboard1642
auspicatea1670
to set out1693
to enter (into) the fray1698
open1708
to start in1737
inchoate1767
to set off1774
go1780
start1785
to on with1843
to kick off1857
to start in on1859
to steam up1860
to push off1909
to cut loose1923
to get (also put) the show on the road1941
to get one's arse in gear1948
1693 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §93 (1699) 151 A young Gentleman, who gets this one Qualification from his Governour, sets out with great Advantage.
1694 F. Atterbury Christian Relig. Increas'd 10 But now, when Christianity set out, how weak and defenceless was it..!
1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty xi. 89 The two general ideas we sat out with at the beginning of this chapter.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 247 Every Printer ought to consult with himself about the scope and nature of the business which he sets out for.
1829 C. Lamb Let. 30 Nov. (1935) III. 235 Life opened upon him with comparative brilliancy. He set out as a rider or traveller for a wholesale house.
1853 J. Napier Man. Dyeing 261 If we start with a protosalt of iron..and if we set out with a persalt.
1884 G. Allen Philistia III. 22 He set out by admiring his niece's fat arms.
25. To project.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > project or be prominent [verb (intransitive)]
tootc897
shootc1000
to come outOE
abuta1250
to stand outc1330
steek?c1335
risea1398
jutty14..
proferc1400
strutc1405
to stick upa1500
issuec1515
butt1523
to stick outc1540
jut1565
to run out1565
jet1593
gag1599
poke1599
proke1600
boke1601
prosiliate1601
relish1611
shoulder1611
to stand offa1616
protrude1704
push1710
projecta1712
protend1726
outstand1755
shove1850
outjut1851
extrude1852
bracket1855
to corbel out1861
to set out1892
pier1951
1892 Black & White 11 June 758/1 I have observed..that several of the new skirts..show a tendency towards setting out round the feet.
1892 Pictorial World 25 June 98/1 It is only cut and stiffly lined to set out round the feet.
26. = to sit out at sit v. Phrasal verbs 1 (trans. and intr.): see to sit out 1b at sit v. Phrasal verbs 1, to sit out 2a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > remain in (a place) > for a purpose
to stay for ——1554
stay1570
to sit out1579
to set out1714
to sit through ——1809
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate or isolate [verb (transitive)] > stand aloof from > specifically a dance or game
to sit out1659
to set out1815
1714 D. Manley Adventures of Rivella 40 I..saw the Person for whom she was accus'd, set the Play out.
1815 Zeluca III. 82 Not but I'd rather set out; for it's quite unfair to sing a foolish thing that nobody likes, when I could do better.
to set over
1. To convey to the other side of a piece of water. Also absol. or intransitive. (Cf. to put over at put v. Phrasal verbs 1.) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > across
overcarrya1382
to set overc1540
to put over1569
to take over1573
traject1635
put1636
cross1804
to pass over1832
to get across1909
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 2998 There light þai full lyfely, lept into bote, And were set ouer soundly into the same yle.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxv He was a frayde to set ouer or to geue battayl, knowynge not to what parte hys souldiers would enclyne.
1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Diiiv By that tyme the boye was sette ouer, hys Maister..hadde taken a Bote and followed hym.
a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 61 Finding the riuer to be fordeable.., he there set ouer his horse.
2. To give up, surrender to. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > hand over to another
i-taechec888
outreacheOE
sellc950
beteacha1000
areachc1000
turnc1175
handsellc1225
betakec1250
deliverc1300
beken1330
yielda1382
disposec1384
resigna1387
livera1400
to turn overa1425
deputea1440
overgive1444
quit?c1450
surrend1450
surrender1466
renderc1480
to give over1483
despose1485
refer1547
to pass over1560
to set over1585
behight1590
tip1610
consign1632
delegate1633
skink1637
to hand over1644
delate1651
to turn off1667
to turn in1822
1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. vii. 109 The vineyard of the Lorde is set ouer to the spoile.
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 460 Sorry Ascetæ they were..who could not find in their hearts to set over to Gods service any more then two times or hours in the day.
3. To make over, transfer.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > transfer [verb (transitive)]
assign1297
bequeathc1305
alienc1400
analy1405
releasea1425
alienate?a1475
to make over1478
convey1495
transport1523
to put over1542
dispone?1548
design1573
pass1587
to set over1594
transfer1598
abalienate1646
attorn1649
demise1670
enure1736
to will away1773
divest1790
1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. ii. Chancerie §141 The said sherife..did..bargaine, sell, assigne, & set ouer the said lease..vnto one G. H.
1613 R. Witt Arithm. Questions 148 This Merchant hauing occasion to imploy money at 3. moneths end after he deliuer the said 300l. is desirous to sell or set ouer the said debt.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 10 A covenant from the lessee, that he would not ‘assign, transfer, or set over..the said indenture of demise’.
1820 J. Gifford Compl. Eng. Lawyer (ed. 5) 660 The said A. B. hath..assigned, transferred, and set over..unto the said N. O...all that messuage.
4. To brush aside, dismiss. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration
to put out of ——a1250
to lay awaya1400
to set asidec1407
to lay by1439
to lay asidec1440
to let (something) walkc1450
to set apart?1473
reject1490
seclude?1531
to let go1535
to put offc1540
to set by1592
sepose1593
to think away1620
to look over ——a1640
prescind1650
seposit1657
decognize1659
inconsider1697
to set over1701
shelf1819
sink1820
shelve1847
eliminate1848
to count out1854
discounta1856
defenestrate1917
neg1987
1701 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) II. 80 Objections..which they could by no means Sett over.
5. intransitive. Of a vessel: To run over. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > overflow > [verb (intransitive)] > of a vessel
overfloweOE
runc1225
overruna1450
to run over1530
shed1601
overbrim1607
to set over1608
to well over1843
the world > space > place > presence > fact of taking up space > take up space [verb (intransitive)] > be or become full > to overflowing
overfloweOE
to run over1530
swim1548
burst1563
to set over1608
swellc1616
to brim over1858
1608 L. Andrewes 96 Serm.: Holy Ghost (1641) (Holy Ghost ii) 609 Filled: not to hold, but to set over.
6. passive and intransitive. Salt-Manufacturing. Of the pan: To collect a crust in the process of evaporation.
ΚΠ
1808 H. Holland Gen. View Agric. Cheshire 59 When a crust of this kind forms [on the surface of the brine] the salt boilers say that ‘the pan is set-over’.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 744 The introduction of a very few grains being amply sufficient to clear the largest pan, and to prevent any recurrence of the ‘setting over’.
7. To kill or murder. U.S. Criminals' slang.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (transitive)]
swevec725
quelmeOE
slayc893
quelleOE
of-falleOE
ofslayeOE
aquellc950
ayeteeOE
spillc950
beliveOE
to bring (also do) of (one's) life-dayOE
fordoa1000
forfarea1000
asweveOE
drepeOE
forleseOE
martyrOE
to do (also i-do, draw) of lifeOE
bringc1175
off-quellc1175
quenchc1175
forswelta1225
adeadc1225
to bring of daysc1225
to do to deathc1225
to draw (a person) to deathc1225
murder?c1225
aslayc1275
forferec1275
to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275
martyrc1300
strangle1303
destroya1325
misdoa1325
killc1330
tailc1330
to take the life of (also fro)c1330
enda1340
to kill to (into, unto) death1362
brittena1375
deadc1374
to ding to deathc1380
mortifya1382
perisha1387
to dight to death1393
colea1400
fella1400
kill out (away, down, up)a1400
to slay up or downa1400
swelta1400
voida1400
deliverc1400
starvec1425
jugylc1440
morta1450
to bring to, on, or upon (one's) bierc1480
to put offc1485
to-slaya1500
to make away with1502
to put (a person or thing) to silencec1503
rida1513
to put downa1525
to hang out of the way1528
dispatch?1529
strikea1535
occidea1538
to firk to death, (out) of lifec1540
to fling to deathc1540
extinct1548
to make out of the way1551
to fet offa1556
to cut offc1565
to make away?1566
occise1575
spoil1578
senda1586
to put away1588
exanimate1593
unmortalize1593
speed1594
unlive1594
execute1597
dislive1598
extinguish1598
to lay along1599
to make hence1605
conclude1606
kill off1607
disanimate1609
feeze1609
to smite, stab in, under the fifth rib1611
to kill dead1615
transporta1616
spatch1616
to take off1619
mactate1623
to make meat of1632
to turn up1642
inanimate1647
pop1649
enecate1657
cadaverate1658
expedite1678
to make dog's meat of1679
to make mincemeat of1709
sluice1749
finisha1753
royna1770
still1778
do1780
deaden1807
deathifyc1810
to lay out1829
cool1833
to use up1833
puckeroo1840
to rub out1840
cadaverize1841
to put under the sod1847
suicide1852
outkill1860
to fix1875
to put under1879
corpse1884
stiffen1888
tip1891
to do away with1899
to take out1900
stretch1902
red-light1906
huff1919
to knock rotten1919
skittle1919
liquidate1924
clip1927
to set over1931
creasea1935
ice1941
lose1942
to put to sleep1942
zap1942
hit1955
to take down1967
wax1968
trash1973
ace1975
1931 G. Irwin Amer. Tramp & Underworld Slang 166 Set over, to kill, probably since the victim is set over or apart.
1944 W. R. Burnett Nobody lives Forever xxii. 159 I've been trying to find you ever since you set Doc over.
1949 W. R. Burnett Asphalt Jungle xxxiii. 211 They have to set a guy over.
to set through
†To carry through, bring to a conclusion. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > following up, through, or prosecution > follow up, through, or out [verb (transitive)] > to the end
to go through1548
to set on1596
to set through1600
to carry through1609
to see outc1700
to follow out1762
to see through1828
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ii. 53 A kinde of tribunall..wherein all contentions..are presently decided and set through [L. deciditur ac sedatur].
to set to
1. transitive. To add. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 339 & tale wile icc settenn to. To don ȝuw tunnderrstanndenn. Hu fele [etc.].
1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. H ij Seynge the place..is proued to be but bastarde, and set to by sume other to Dioscorides.
2. To affix (one's seal or signature). Obsolete.Often written setto or set-to.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > [verb (transitive)] > attach as writing
to put to1396
to set toa1400
putc1436
society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > signature > sign (a document) [verb (transitive)] > sign one's name
seta1400
to set toa1400
subscribe1415
subscribe1426
subscrive1445
firm1528
sign1599
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6889 He..wrat þe nam, and sett to sele [Fairf. 14 sette on sel].
1418 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 29 In the wytnesse of the wyche thynge, I haue set to my sele.
c1450 Godstow Reg. 44 He made hyt stronge by settynge to of hys seele.
1464 in Archaeologia 47 192 In witnesse of the quhilk thing I haf set to my signet.
1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) John iii. 33 He that hath receaved hys testimonye hath set to his seale that God is true.
1552–3 Inv. Ch. Goods Staffords. 43 To thes presents interchaungeabli have setto our handes.
1624 Heriot Codicil to Will in Mem. (1822) App. iii. 102 In witness whereof to this..I have..set to my seal.
1829 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. Jan. 199 Men must set-to their hands to being the born thralls of a proprietor of human cattle.
3. To set (a broken limb). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > set bones or dislocations
reduce?a1425
set1572
to set together1578
to set to1598
counter-extend1656
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. i. 131 Can honor set to a leg? View more context for this quotation
4. to set to one's hands: to get to work. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]
beginc1000
onginOE
aginOE
ginc1175
to go tillc1175
to take onc1175
comsea1225
fanga1225
to go toc1275
i-ginc1275
commencec1320
to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400
to lay to one's hand(sc1405
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to set toc1425
standa1450
to make to1563
to fall to it1570
to start out1574
to fall to1577
to run upon ——1581
to break off1591
start1607
to set in1608
to set to one's hands1611
to put toa1616
to fall ona1625
in1633
to fall aboard1642
auspicatea1670
to set out1693
to enter (into) the fray1698
open1708
to start in1737
inchoate1767
to set off1774
go1780
start1785
to on with1843
to kick off1857
to start in on1859
to steam up1860
to push off1909
to cut loose1923
to get (also put) the show on the road1941
to get one's arse in gear1948
1611 Second Maiden's Trag. (1909) iv. i. 56 Remoue the stone that I maie see my mistres, Setto yor handes you villaines, and that nymblie.
5. Cock-fighting. To put (cocks) beak to beak. (Cf. setter-to n. 1.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting or baiting animals > fighting between animals > fight between animals [verb (transitive)] > put cocks beak to beak
to set toc1800
c1800 in Hoyle's Games Improv. (1814) 443 No persons to set-to, but those who are appointed by the masters of the match.
6.
a. intransitive. To make a beginning; to get to work; esp. to begin seriously or energetically.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)]
beginc1000
onginOE
aginOE
ginc1175
to go tillc1175
to take onc1175
comsea1225
fanga1225
to go toc1275
i-ginc1275
commencec1320
to get (also get down, go, go adown, set, set down) to workc1400
to lay to one's hand(sc1405
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to set toc1425
standa1450
to make to1563
to fall to it1570
to start out1574
to fall to1577
to run upon ——1581
to break off1591
start1607
to set in1608
to set to one's hands1611
to put toa1616
to fall ona1625
in1633
to fall aboard1642
auspicatea1670
to set out1693
to enter (into) the fray1698
open1708
to start in1737
inchoate1767
to set off1774
go1780
start1785
to on with1843
to kick off1857
to start in on1859
to steam up1860
to push off1909
to cut loose1923
to get (also put) the show on the road1941
to get one's arse in gear1948
c1425 Eng. Conq. Ireland 130 He sette to, & asked of the out-comen men that ynto the lond wer comen, howe hyt shold be of ham.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1664) 189 I beseech you set to, to goe through scripture.
c1830 M. M. Sherwood Houlston Tracts III. 9 The lass was at the washing-tub till it was quite late in the day, without getting anything forward, so that my wife was obliged to set to.
1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. viii. 143 Edward then set to with a good appetite.
1858 R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma l. 222 He again set-to on his own account, munching and crunching.
1890 H. M. Stanley In Darkest Afr. I. v. 100 The engineer set to to repair the rudder.
b. Pugilism. To begin fighting (with).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (intransitive)] > begin or enter ring
to set to1743
show1811
shape1855
1743 Broughton's Rules in P. Egan Boxiana (1812–13) I. 52 Every body is to quit the stage as soon as the champions are stripped, before they set-to.
1792 Ann. Reg. 17 These famous pugilists set-to exactly at a quarter before 3 o'clock.
1823 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 27/1 They [sc. poachers] take a delight in setting-to with the gamekeepers.
1863 ‘Ouida’ Held in Bondage I. vi. 133 Du Loo and his pet of the Fancy retired to the far end of the room, and there set-to, delivering from the left shoulder.
c. Horse Racing. To make the final effort to get in front. (Cf. set-to n. 3.)
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > engage in horse racing [verb (intransitive)] > actions of horse
to carry weight1734
to get up1840
screw1840
to come again1841
to set to1856
to wait off1856
romp1869
to answer the question1875
compound1876
to gallop to a standstill1892
nick1898
to take up1912
rate1920
1856 ‘The Druid’ Post & Paddock xii. 204 Buckle's great forte was to wait and then set-to on an idle horse.
7. passive or intransitive. Of food: To ‘catch’ on the bottom or side of a vessel in cooking. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > undergo cooking [verb (intransitive)] > burn or catch on bottom of cooking pot
to set toa1610
burn1725
catch1767
to sit on1824
a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters (1636) 72 Then he tels you that his Sieges were blacker then broth, that's set to.
to set together
1.
a. To put (things) together; to set (a bone); to construct (a frame-work). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)]
somnec825
heapc900
gathera975
samc1000
to set togetherc1275
fang1340
assemblec1374
recueilc1380
drawa1393
to draw togethera1398
semblea1400
congatherc1400
congregatec1400
to take together1490
recollect1513
to gather togetherc1515
to get together1523
congesta1552
confer1552
collect1573
ingatherc1575
ramass1586
upgather1590
to muster upa1593
accrue1594
musterc1595
compone1613
herd1615
contract1620
recoil1632
comporta1641
rally1643
rendezvous1670
purse1809
adduct1824
to round up1873
reeve1876
to pull together1925
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > unite or replace parts [verb (transitive)] > set bones or dislocations
reduce?a1425
set1572
to set together1578
to set to1598
counter-extend1656
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct
workOE
dighta1175
to set upc1275
graitha1300
formc1300
pitchc1330
compoundc1374
to put togethera1387
performc1395
bigc1400
elementc1400
complexion1413
erect1417
framea1450
edifya1464
compose1481
construe1490
to lay together1530
perstruct1547
to piece together1572
condite1578
conflate1583
compile1590
to put together1591
to set together1603
draw1604
build1605
fabric1623
complicate1624
composit1640
constitute1646
compaginate1648
upa1658
complex1659
construct1663
structurate1664
structure1664
confect1677
to put up1699
rig1754
effect1791
structuralize1913
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 27 Feþeren he nom mid fingren & fiede on boc-felle. & þa soþere word sette to-gadere.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 715/2 And you wyll set your horses nere togyther, you have romme ynough in this stabell for two mo.
1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1585) 6 Though a man can finde out good matter and good wordes, though hee can handsomely set them together.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 14 Doth not he remember that the broken boane once sette together, is stronger then euer it was?
1598 G. Chapman in tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades To Rdr. I haue good authoritie that the bookes were not set together by Homer himselfe.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 670 After it [sc. timber for building a fleet] was framed, and readie to be set togither.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. i. 46 Who set the Body, and the Limbes Of this great Sport together? View more context for this quotation
b. to set together by the ears: see ear n.1 Phrases 1c(e).
ΚΠ
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 1 When hard words..Set Folks together by the ears, And made them fight.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables lxvii. 65 So Mean a Rascal, as to set other People together by the Ears, without Fighting your self.
c. to set horses together, to agree. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > be friendly [verb (intransitive)] > get on (well)
gree?a1513
to get in with1602
cotton1605
to hitch (also set, or stable) horses together1617
to hit it1634
gee1685
to set horses together1685
to be made for each other (also one another)1751
to hit it off1780
to get ona1805
to hitch horses together1835
niggle1837
to step together1866
to speak (also talk) someone's (also the same) language1893
to stall with1897
cog1926
groove1935
click1954
vibe1986
1685 in Verney Family Mem. (1899) IV. 344 I wonder how Sir Rich. who is boyling water & the Mayor doe, to set their horses together.
2. To couple together in comparison. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > comparison > compare [verb (transitive)]
evenOE
comparisonc1374
measurea1382
remenec1390
compare1509
confer?1531
to lay togethera1568
lay1577
paragona1586
paragonize1589
set1589
sympathize1600
confront1604
to name on (also in) the same day1609
collate1612
to lay down by1614
sampler1628
to set together1628
matcha1649
run1650
vie1685
to put together1690
1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 117 The Oxe, and Israell are set together, in the quantitie of ignorance.
3. Cheese-making. To prepare (the milk) for the process of coagulation by adding the rennet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [verb (transitive)] > prepare milk for cheese
beclipc1400
wella1425
earn1670
set1736
yearn1818
to set together1837
1837 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) II. 426 The firmness of the curd, if the milk be set hot together, will be much greater than that from milk which has been set cold together.
1845 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 6 i. 107 They make their cheese ‘cold’—that is, set the milk together at a low temperature.
4. intransitive. To curdle. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > [verb (intransitive)] > curdle or become curdled
runeOE
loppera1300
curda1398
to run togethera1398
quaila1425
trout1483
lop1570
turn1577
quar1578
curdle1586
caille1601
to set together1608
set1736
whig1756
shill1876
clabber1880
1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 215 The word is kapha, which properly signifieth the running or setting together of cheese.
to set up
I. To place in a lofty position; to give notice of, and related uses.
1.
a. To place in a high or lofty position; to raise to an elevated situation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > high position > set in a high position [verb (transitive)]
to set upc1290
mountc1300
erect1552
hoise1581
perch1648
pinnacle1656
spike1743
imperch1786
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise
heave971
hevenOE
onheaveOE
rearOE
highOE
arearc1175
to set above (also aloft, high, on high)c1275
upbraidc1275
to set upc1290
lifta1300
upheavea1300
upraisea1300
upreara1300
enhancec1300
araise1303
hance1303
uplifta1340
lift1362
raisec1384
upbear1390
uphancec1390
advancea1393
haut?a1400
to put upa1400
verec1400
hainc1440
inhigh1483
elevate1497
uphigh1513
alifta1522
height1530
heighten1530
exalt1535
extol1549
sublevate1559
rouse?1567
attol1578
elate1578
vaunce1582
dight1590
higher1592
tower1596
to fetch up1612
relevate1620
screwa1625
transcend1635
stilt1649
allevate1696
stiltify1860
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3430 He sette a steorrne upp o þe lift.]
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 238/680 Þis monekes he [a whale] ladde ech-on, And sette heom up hole and sounde.
c1300 Arth. & Merl. 5911 [They] sett him vp as a king, Þat er lay as a breþeling.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xli. 336 Sir Gawayne..toke the knyghtes lady, and sette her vp behynde his squyer.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Pono He sette vp a marke on the toppe of an elme for archers to shoote at.
1582 W. Allen Briefe Hist. Glorious Martyrdom sig. A4v M. Ford being set vp in the carte.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes v. Ded. 406 You have brought me forth into the open field, and set me up to be gazed on.
1861 C. Beard Port Royal I. 308 They..set up an inscription in the same church.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxxvi. 364 [She] caused his head to be set up on the gates of York.
b. To drive up. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > hunt birds [verb (transitive)] > cause birds to rise
flush1450
to set up1496
spring1531
to tread up1808
walk1847
1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 305 To ij childer that chasit dukis in the dubbis, and set thaim vp to the halkis, ij s.
2. To hoist (sail, a flag). Obsolete. (Cf. Old Norse setja upp segl.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > hoist
heave971
lifta1300
to set upa1300
lift1362
raisec1384
weigh1421
horsea1500
hawsec1500
heeze1513
hoise1548
hoist1548
wind1577
to work upc1610
hist1707
society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [verb (transitive)] > fly or hoist flags, etc.
stretchc1400
to put outa1450
show1488
wear1558
to set out1573
to set up1585
to put abroad1625
fly1655
hoist1697
rehoist1765
run1815
a1300 Cursor Mundi 24829 Þair sail þai sett up o þair scipp.
c1330 Arth. & Merl. 115 Vp þai sett sail & mast.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 16 Them, wych..wythout wynd wyl set up the sayle.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. i. 31 b [They] set vp a redde flagge.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xvi. 599 The wind coming fair, he set up his Sails.
1790 London Comp. 144 Any waterman who sets up a sail between Lambeth and London Bridge, forfeits for each offence 5s.
3. To raise (a cry); to utter (vocal sound).to set up one's throat: see throat n. Phrases 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > [verb (transitive)] > utter
leadOE
givec1175
tell?c1225
talkc1275
to set upa1325
to put outc1350
soundc1374
to give upc1386
pronouncea1393
cough1393
moutha1400
profera1400
forth withc1400
utterc1400
to put forth1535
display1580
vent1602
accent1603
respeak1604
vocalize1669
fetch1707
go1836
outen1951
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3717 Ðis folc ðo sette up grot and gred.
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus iv. ii. sig. Siijv Let vs begynne or set vppe a prety songe or balade.
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. ii. 114 The whole Rout Set up their throats, with clamorous shout.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 160 With one voice they set up a cry that reached up to the Heavens. View more context for this quotation
1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 222 They set up a Huzza.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas I. i. v. 23 Setting up my pipes, as if he had flead me.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. x. 135 The good old man set up a roar of laughter.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. xi. 284 Dame Crank set up her throat, and began a horrible exclamation against Jack Hostler.
1853 N. Hawthorne Tanglewood Tales (1883) 238 Setting up her childish voice, she called him back.
1887 M. B. Betham-Edwards Next of Kin Wanted II. vii. 78 Baby..set up a yell.
4. To open. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > open [verb (transitive)] > a door, gate, etc.
to do upOE
to-thrustc1175
to weve upc1275
unshutc1315
to set upa1387
unyarka1400
to let up1400
yark upc1400
reclude?1440
dupa1549
dub1699
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 129 Whan Constantyn was i-cristened he made prisouns i-oponed,..and chirche dores i-sette up [L. aperiri].
5. To put up for sale or auction. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > a public sale > sell by public sale [verb (transitive)] > sell by auction > offer for sale by auction
to set upc1535
to put up1678
to bring (also send, put up) to the hammer1828
c1535 Ploughman's Tale iii. sig. D.ii They that..sette hem vp to any sale.
1707 London Gaz. No. 4343/7 On the 4th of July..will be exposed to Sale.., 10 Bags of..Spanish Wool,..set up at 20d. per lb.
1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Purgatorio xiv. 64 Their flesh, yet living, sets he up for sale.
1819 W. Hazlitt Polit. Ess. 260 Let them set them up at auction, and see what they will fetch.
6. To post up (a paper or notice); to give notice of, advertise.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > publishing or spreading abroad > publishing or spreading by leaflets or notices > [verb (transitive)] > publish by placard, notice, or bill > put up a placard, notice, or bill
stickc1425
to set upc1540
to stick up1562
post1647
to put up1693
poster1938
c1540 R. Morice in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 24 And in the night season sett upp certeyn refutacions in wrytyng on the churche dore.
1562 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 163 Peter van Duran..was licensed by the same Courte to sett vp bylles vpon postes, in suche partes of this Cytye as to him shall seame good.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. iii. 145 Good Cinna, take this Paper..set this vp with Waxe Vpon old Brutus Statue. View more context for this quotation
1616 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 122 And soe we sett up a bill in writing, that I would geve a bar of plate to him which brought the keyes.
1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. (at cited word) To set up a Play on the Posts.
1708 Constitutions Company Watermen & Lightermen liii A Summons, to be set up at the most noted Plying~places between Gravesend and Windsor.
1779 E. Stiles Lit. Diary 1 June (1901) II. 343 I attended eveng prayers in the Chapel and set up College Orders.
1876 J. Fergusson Hist. Indian Archit. i. vi. 139 It appears unlikely that Asoka would have been allowed to set up two copies of his edicts in the dominions of such powerful kings as Aira and his father seem to have been.
7. To throw into relief, make brilliant, heighten the lustre of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > intensity of light > [verb (transitive)] > brighten
brightOE
polisha1382
schirka1400
sheerc1400
esclarish1546
brighten1567
to set up1588
undarken1598
embright1605
embrighten1610
resplendour1632
undarka1644
elucidate1675
vivify1791
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 22 The Pewter so set vppe, the Brasse and yron works so bright.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 94 Painters to set up their colours, and to give them more beautifull light and lustre.
1615 S. Ward Coal from Altar 24 I haue heard our Marchants complain, that the set vp blewes haue made strangers loath the rich oaded blewes.
8.
a. To tighten (strings) so as to raise their pitch. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)] > tune strings
wresta1000
straina1387
string1530
to set down1565
wrench1577
to wind up1608
wind1612
to screw up1625
to set up1643
screw1657
1643 M. Newcomen Craft Churches Adversaries 25 To proceed as Musicians doe in tuning their instruments: Who straine their strings with a gentle hand, and set them up by little and little.
b. Nautical. To take in the ‘slack’ of (shrouds, stays), make taut.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > fit out or equip > rig > secure with stays > take in slack of stays or shrouds
to set up1748
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. viii. 80 One mizen-shroud broke,..which we knotted, and set up immediately.
1750 T. R. Blanckley Naval Expositor Salvagees..are used when a Shroud or Back Stay wants setting up.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxv. 274 Setting up the weather breast-backstays.
1874 F. G. D. Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. viii. 238 The hawser is to be set up by means of the double block tackle purchase.
9. (a) To stake: only in set up one's rest (see rest n.3 Phrases 2b). (b) To score (so much) at cards. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play a card [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics > score
to set up1680
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > play games of chance [verb (intransitive)] > stake > type of stake
to play high1640
butter1671
set up one's rest1680
to play low1735
paroli1835
to go one's pile1836
to go nap1894
parlay1895
double up1940
1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 76 Cribbidge... And when they have play'd out their three Cards and set up with Counters their Games in their hands.
1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 82 He that hath three Honours in his own hand, his partner not having the fourth sets up Eight by Cards, that is two tricks.
10.
a. To place in an exalted, eminent, or superior position; to raise to power or authority; sometimes spec. to put on the throne. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > power > make powerful [verb (transitive)]
to set up1387
ablec1425
fortify1470
strengthen1541
power1592
empower1643
invirtuate1650
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 41 Foure false popes þat Frederik þe emperour had i-sette up.
c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 612 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 168 Þane Iosaphus þe met gert dycht, & set vpe tytus..to þe bowrde as þare oure-mane.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. v. sig. D5 All the things she did to ouerthrow him, did set him vp vpon the height of honor.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. ii. sig. N8 He maketh Kings to sit in souerainty; He maketh subiects to their powre obay; He pulleth downe, he setteth vp on hy. View more context for this quotation
1603 Ld. Cecil in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 16 To dispossess his majesty and his royal issue of this crown, and to have set up the Lady Arabella Stuart.
1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick Ep. Ded. sig. a5 God hath set you up the Oracles of War.
1713 J. Addison Cato i. iv Where's the worth that sets this people up Above your own Numidia's tawny sons!
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xiii. 297 She'll be keen for a'that can set up King James, and ding down King George.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xlvii. 477 Judges..were almost tools of the king, who could set them up and put them down at his pleasure.
b. To appoint (an officer or functionary).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] > appoint (an official)
appointc1460
constitute1481
constitue1489
to set up1642
1642 J. Vicars God in Mount 45 Lecturers, chosen and set up with the peoples consent.
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 109 Some were for setting up a King.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxxi. 308 Two rival popes were set up.
c. To appoint to or nominate for a position.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)]
setc1000
stevenOE
assign1297
inseta1300
stable1300
ordaina1325
instituec1384
to put ina1387
limitc1405
point?1405
stablish1439
institutec1475
invest1489
assumec1503
to fill the hands of1535
establish1548
settle1548
appoint1557
place1563
assumptc1571
dispose1578
seat1595
state1604
instate1613
to bring ina1616
officea1616
constitute1616
impose1617
ascribe1624
install1647
to set up1685
prick1788
1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 434 For the ensuing Parliament..very meane & slight persons..were set up.
1689 T. Rymer View Govt. Europe 40 A Mountebank was set up for Lord Chancellor.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 480 When a person was set up to be Sheriff that would not serve.
1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xvi. 99 Supposing that he would set up his nephew when at age..as a representative for the county.
11. To make (a person) elated, proud, or vain; esp. in passive to be elated, gratified; to be proud, or ‘stuck-up’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > take pride in [verb (transitive)] > make proud or fill with pride > elate with pride
liftc1450
to set upa1529
elatea1631
erect1631
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fiiii Nowe she wyll laughe, forthwith she wyll frowne Sodenly set vp and sodenly pluckyd downe.
1602 B. Jonson Poetaster iv. iii. sig. G3 Come hither Cocatrice: here's one, will set thee vp, my sweet Punque; set thee vp. View more context for this quotation
1789 C. Smith Ethelinde II. viii. 189 He's not so set up with it.
a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. xiv. 170 Sister thought such a message would set you up too much.
1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. xii. 392 We were very much set up at making his acqaintance.
1893 R. Kipling Many Inventions 297 She's that set up you wouldn't know her.
12.
a. †To speak highly of, extol, praise (obsolete); to put forward as a model, ‘put on a pedestal’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)]
heryc735
mickleeOE
loveOE
praise?c1225
upraisea1300
alosec1300
commenda1340
allow1340
laud1377
lose1377
avauntc1380
magnifya1382
enhancea1400
roosea1400
recommendc1400
recommanda1413
to bear up?a1425
exalt1430
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
laudifyc1470
gloryc1475
advance1483
to bear out1485
prizec1485
to be or to have in laudationa1500
joya1500
extol1509
collaud1512
concend?1521
solemnize?1521
celebrate1522
stellify1523
to set up1535
well-word1547
predicate1552
glorify1557
to set forth1565
admire1566
to be up with1592
voice1594
magnificate1598
plaud1598
concelebrate1599
encomionize1599
to con laud1602
applauda1616
panegyrize1617
acclamate1624
to set offa1625
acclaim1626
raise1645
complement1649
encomiate1651
voguec1661
phrase1675
to set out1688
Alexander1700
talk1723
panegyricize1777
bemouth1799
eulogizea1810
rhapsodize1819
crack up1829
rhapsody1847
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > exaltation or glorification > exalt or glorify [verb (transitive)]
heavec825
higheOE
brightenOE
clarifya1340
glorifya1340
enhancec1374
stellifyc1384
biga1400
exalt?a1400
raisea1400
shrinea1400
to bear up?a1425
enhighc1440
erect?a1475
assumec1503
amount1523
dignifya1530
to set up1535
extol1545
enthronize1547
augment1567
sublimate?1567
sublime1568
assumptc1571
begoda1576
royalize1589
suscitate1598
swell1601
consecrate1605
realize1611
reara1616
sphere1615
ingreata1620
superexalta1626
soara1627
ascend1628
rise1628
embroider1629
apotheose1632
grandize1640
engreaten1641
engrandizea1652
mount1651
intronificate1653
magnificent1656
superposit1661
grandify1665
heroify1677
apotheosize1695
enthrone1699
aggrandize1702
pantheonize1801
hoist1814
princify1847
queen1880
heroize1887
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Song Three Children 63 O ye spretes and soules of the righteous, speake good of ye Lorde: prayse him, and set him vp for euer.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas II. iv. viii. 171 This exterior did not prevent her from being set up as the cleverest woman in all Madrid.1891 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Prisoners & Captives x I do not set him up as a hero.
b. dialect (esp. Scottish) in ironical or contemptuous use.
ΚΠ
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. ii. 50 Set him up for confectioner!
1829 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words (new ed.) (at cited word) She rides in a coach—set her up, indeed!
1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xi. 126 Which makes me the keener for your company, Mr. David Balfour of the Shaws, and set ye up!
II. To place in an upright position, and related uses.
13.
a. To place in an erect position; to set or stand upright; to erect (an image, statue); to raise (a standard).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > make vertical [verb (transitive)] > make upright or erect
rearOE
rightOE
to set upa1225
raisea1250
upreara1300
risea1400
to dress upc1400
stand?a1425
upsetc1440
dress1490
to stick up1528
arrect1530
erect1557
prick1566
upright1590
mounta1616
the world > space > relative position > vertical position > make vertical [verb (transitive)] > make upright or erect > a structure
areara800
to set upa1225
to bring up1297
biga1400
seta1400
erect1417
hainc1440
rect?a1475
to fix up1569
uptower1848
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > statuary > [verb (transitive)] > erect a statue
to set upa1225
erect1570
rect1638
a1225 Leg. Kath. 1468 Me schal..setten hit [an ymage] on heh up.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13598 Þa lette he sette up þene drake heremærken unimake.
c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1746 A Chese [= chessboard] þere was I-brouȝt forth..The meyne were I-set vp.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxii. 215 She fell downe in a transe... Than Huon..set her vp, and comfortyd her.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 716/1 Set up this ladder agaynst the wall.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. i. 2 We must not make a scar-crow of the Law, Setting it vp to feare the Birds of prey. View more context for this quotation
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §435 It hath beene knowne, that a Fruit-Tree hath beene blowne vp (almost) by the Roots, and set vp againe, and the next yeare bare exceedingly.
1685 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) IV. 449 Certaine Intelligence of the Duke of Monmoths..having set up his standart, as K. of England.
1707 S. Sewall Diary 7 Aug. (1973) I. 571 Peter Weare set up the Stone Post to shew a Mile from the Town-House ends.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. xii. 316 In less than a minute, by setting up his moustaches and his hair, he seemed a different person.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 359 Palisades were set up, and a pleasant garden laid out.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. viii. 387 Old Bailey gravely sets up the middle stump again and puts the bails on.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxiii. 234 A beautiful monument was set up.
b. ? To trim or curl up. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > cut
shearc897
shavec1320
topc1330
dockc1386
clipc1405
pollc1450
roundc1450
coll1483
cow?1507
not1530
trim1530
tonse1555
benotte1594
decurtate1599
scissora1625
to set upa1625
tonsure1793
a1625 J. Fletcher Wild-goose Chase (1652) ii. iii. 21 Let me set my Beard up.
a1625 J. Fletcher Humorous Lieut. iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Rrr4v/1 She hates curl'd heads too, And setting up of beards she sweares, is Idolatrie.
c. To ‘erect’ (lines) in a plan.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing lines > draw lines [verb (transitive)]
to set up1731
1731 W. Halfpenny Perspective made Easy 24 To draw the Steps, first draw their Plan.., then set up their intended Heights..from G, on the Line G g.
1830 P. Hedderwick Treat. Marine Archit. 247 Set up the tangent-lines at the exact half-breadth of the midship-frame, on each side of the centre-line.
d. To set (a top) spinning. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in specific manner > revolution or rotation > revolve or rotate [verb (transitive)] > spin > set spinning
to set upa1616
birl1724
pirl1791
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. v. 154 He turn'd me about with his finger and his thumbe, as one would set vp a Top. View more context for this quotation
1649 R. Lovelace Loose Saraband in Lucasta 27 Then as a Top he sets it up, And pitifully whips it.
1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida iii. i. 25 He's an old wooden top, set up by father Time three hundred years ago.
e. to set up one's bristles: to be irate. to set up one's comb or hair: to be proud. to set one's back up, etc.: see back n.1 24f.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > be proud [verb (intransitive)]
proudOE
pride?c1225
to set up one's comb or hair1528
to hold up one's nose1579
plume1685
superbiate1785
erect one's crest1796
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry
wrethec900
wrothc975
abelghec1300
to move one's blood (also mood)c1330
to peck moodc1330
gremec1460
to take firea1513
fumec1522
sourdc1540
spitec1560
to set up the heckle1601
fire1604
exasperate1659
to fire up1779
to flash up1822
to get one's dander up1831
to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832
to have (also get) one's monkey up1833
to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837
rile1837
to go off the handle1839
to flare up1840
to set one's back up1845
to run hot1855
to wax up1859
to get one's rag out1862
blow1871
to get (also have) the pricker1871
to turn up rough1872
to get the needle1874
to blaze up1878
to get wet1898
spunk1898
to see red1901
to go crook1911
to get ignorant1913
to hit the ceiling1914
to hit the roof1921
to blow one's top1928
to lose one's rag1928
to lose one's haira1930
to go up in smoke1933
hackle1935
to have, get a cob on1937
to pop (also blow) one's cork1938
to go hostile1941
to go sparec1942
to do one's bun1944
to lose one's wool1944
to blow one's stack1947
to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950
rear1953
to get on ignorant1956
to go through the roof1958
to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964
to lose ita1969
to blow a gasket1975
to throw a wobbler1985
1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. xlvijv Then fume we and rage and sett vp the bristels.
?1533 W. Tyndale Expos. Mathew vi. f. lxiv If it moue the to set vp thy combe when thou geuest thy brother a ferthynge or an halfepennye.
1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 251 Men thus advaunced..hould up theyr heads, set up their heare, shew theyr pryde.
1845 B. Disraeli Sybil I. i. iii. 27 But the other great whig families..set up their backs against this claim of the Egremonts.
1886 W. Besant Children of Gibeon I. i. ix. 198 I hear you've been to see my mother and you've set her back up.
f. U.S. To put (drink, etc.) before customers for their consumption; hence, to ‘treat’ to (drinks, cigars). Also in to set them up, to provide free drinks.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [verb (transitive)]
birleOE
drenchc1000
shenchOE
adrenchc1275
to drink to1297
tap1401
skinkc1405
propinec1450
brince?1567
liquor1575
to do right1600
dram1770
butler1826
jerk1868
to set up1880
drink1883
bartend1948
to break out1962
1880 A. A. Hayes in Harper's Mag. Jan. 209/1 You bet he lived high; always set up the drinks.
1883 A. E. Sweet & J. A. Knox On Mexican Mustang iii. 47 Then he swore, and cussed the ‘demmed country, you know’, but finally got into good humor, and set 'em up all round.
1884 Lincoln (Nebraska) Jrnl. Aug. A counter where the beer could be set up.
1888 Lisbon (Dakota Territory) Star 9 Nov. 2/6 Well, we must make him set up the cigars on that happy event.
1906 C. de L. Canfield Diary of Forty-Niner ix. 83 Of course, it was drinks all around; you can't do anything in this country without setting 'em up first.
1949 C. Himes Mama's Missionary Money in Crisis Nov. 305/2 He set up all the boys in the neighborhood to peanut brittle and icecream and rock candy.
1965 G. Melly Owning-up vi. 64 In exchange for a song or two from me, he was prepared to set them up all night.
14.
a. To erect and make ready for use; to pitch (a tent); †to erect (a building). Cf. 60.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct
workOE
dighta1175
to set upc1275
graitha1300
formc1300
pitchc1330
compoundc1374
to put togethera1387
performc1395
bigc1400
elementc1400
complexion1413
erect1417
framea1450
edifya1464
compose1481
construe1490
to lay together1530
perstruct1547
to piece together1572
condite1578
conflate1583
compile1590
to put together1591
to set together1603
draw1604
build1605
fabric1623
complicate1624
composit1640
constitute1646
compaginate1648
upa1658
complex1659
construct1663
structurate1664
structure1664
confect1677
to put up1699
rig1754
effect1791
structuralize1913
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > camping or encamping > pitch (tent or camp) [verb (transitive)]
teldc725
slayc1000
to set upc1275
pitchc1325
allodgec1330
wickc1330
streeka1340
till1362
stretch1382
pick?a1400
tent1553
stenda1600
to strike up1755
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4347 Þa þet work wes up iset.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10378 Sir Ioachim was fain and blith, And vp he sett an auter suith.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2296 Þe powere him grauntis To sett his cite vp agayn.
1471–3 in Cal. Proc. Chanc. Q. Eliz. (1830) II. Pref. 55 The seid hous shuld have be..fully sett upp, garnysshed, and doon by the fest of the nativite of our lady Seint Mary.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. miiij/1 He made hys tentys to be sette vp there.
1523–4 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 323 Paid..for Settyng vpp of a pewe in Seint Annys chappell iiij d.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xiii. 49 Constantinople being reedified and new sette vp.
1603 in J. Harland House & Farm Accts. Shuttleworths (1856) I. 152 When they were settinge upp the chimle pyppes and the batlement.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 247 He voutsafes Among them to set up his Tabernacle. View more context for this quotation
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 247 I made a..fram'd Door Case, and a Door.., and set it up in the Passage.
1880 Lady F. Dixie Across Patagonia Several vain attempts were made to set up the tents, but the wind was too strong.
b. To build (a ship). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)]
to set upc1595
c1595 T. Maynarde Sir Francis Drake his Voy. (1849) 11 Settinge up more newe pinnaces.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 213 I oblig'd him to set up the Sloop which I had brought [in frame].
15. To set (a trap), lay (a snare). Now dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > trap > set traps
setc825
teldc1000
layc1200
to set up1579
tail1770
toila1819
1579 S. Gosson Apol. Schoole of Abuse in Ephemerides Phialo f. 89 Cupide sets vpp a Springe for Woodcockes.
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ttv/2 To set up a Mouse-trap.
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. at Set up A man ‘sets up a trap for vermin’.
16.
a. To put together the parts of (a machine) and erect it in position.Merges in the sense of ‘establish, set on foot’, see to set out 26 at Phrasal verbs 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > put together parts (of something) and erect it
to fix up1569
to set up1683
1683 Repr. Advantages Manuf. Woollen-cloath 18 We have 25 Loomes constantly imployed, and have ordered the setting up 10 more.
1751 C. Labelye Descr. Westm. Bridge 84 Three..Months were employed..by the Carpenters in new framing and setting up the Centers.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 323 [He] ought to know as much of setting-up a Press as the Press-man himself.
1872 F. L. Pope Telegraph i. 13 In setting up the battery pure water may be used in the porous cell.
1879 M. J. Guest Lect. Hist. Eng. xxviii. 284 Flemish weavers set up their looms and taught the English to weave cloth.
b. To start (a piece of work) on a loom, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > set to work upon or begin to deal with
to set about ——a1300
to set upon ——1555
fall1589
to deal on, upon1597
to break up1688
begin1808
to set up1857
1857 M. Cummins Mabel Vaughan xxxiii Drawing a huge ball of yarn from her pocket, [she] commenced setting up a stocking.
1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner v. 78 A piece of very fine twine was indispensable to his ‘setting up’ a new piece of work in his loom.
c. To make the necessary interconnections and initial settings in (a computer) for the performance of a particular calculation; to do this so that the computer will solve (an equation), perform (a calculation), etc.
ΚΠ
1931 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 212 459 A bus shaft is assigned to each significant quantity appearing in the equation. The several relations existing between these are then set up by means of connections to the operating units.
1948 Electronics Apr. 124/1 When combining circuit elements to form an analog computer, the first step is to set up the differential equations to be solved.
1948 Electronics Apr. 126/3 Consider setting up the computer for solving the differential equation p2y —0·2pyy = 0.
1962 MacKay & Fisher Analogue Computing at Ultra-High Speed xiii. 171 The procedure for setting up a given equation on an analyser is not difficult.
1964 G. A. Korn & T. M. Korn Electronic Analog & Hybrid Computers ii. 37 The computer is ‘set up’ for the given problem when a suitable arrangement of computing elements establishes the correct relationships between computer voltages.
17. Typography. To put (types) into the composing-stick; to arrange (type) in words or blocks of words; to put (a book, etc.) into type; occasionally said of the type (quot. 1770). Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > preparatory processes > composing > compose [verb (transitive)]
set1530
compose1637
to set up1668
1668–9 J. Leigh Let. to S. Clarke (MS. Rawl. D. 398 f. 141) I Request yu giue halfe Crown a man to each Compositor when hee begins to sett it vp.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 180 When the Boy Sets up Letters..[he] takes the Composing-stick..in his left-Hand.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 247 A Fount of English, which sat up about twelve sheets in 4to of the Surgeons Case, in Paris.
1818 Ld. Byron Epist. to Murray i My dear Mr. Murray, Your'e in a damn'd hurry, To set up this ultimate Canto.
1832 Hallam in Life Tennyson (1897) I. 89 The (printer's) devils are full of promise to set up immediately.
1891 Chambers's Jrnl. 16 May 319/2 The speech..was set up in an incredibly short time.
18. To place (the dead body of an animal stuffed or otherwise treated for preservation) in an erect or lifelike position.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > zoology > taxidermy > [verb (transitive)] > place animal's body in position
to set up1783
1783 Ann. Reg. 1781 Nat. Hist. 64/2 These bats were kept for some time..before they were set up.
1861 Temple Bar 3 500 A nearly perfect skeleton has been obtained and is being set up.
1884 G. Allen Philistia I. 2 Where they stuffed birds or set up exotic butterflies in little cabinets.
1892 Field 30 Jan. 133/3 I am sending the skin..to be set up.
19. to be well (straight) set up: to have a stalwart, well-knit frame.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [verb (intransitive)]
to be well madea1350
to be well (straight) set upa1854
a1854 Ld. Cockburn Memorials (1856) iii. 159 Charles Hope..was tall and well set up.
1861 Temple Bar 3 53 Leotard is not straight set up, after the standard so cherished by soldier martinets.
1904 P. Burne-Jones Dollars & Democr. 53 In New York..the women..are so well ‘set up’, so excellently ‘turned out’.
20.
a. To make erect and soldierly by drill.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > drill or training > drill [verb (transitive)] > make soldierly by drill
to set up1865
1865 G. Meredith Rhoda Fleming i No master of callisthenics could have set them up better.
1893 Chambers's Jrnl. 10 June 364/1 When I joined the [Police] Force I was a big awkward-looking, country Johnny... Drill soon set me up.
b. (See quot. 1842.)
ΚΠ
1842 in R. Oastler Fleet Papers II. 134 The assault consisted in ‘setting her up’, that is, making her hold a brush above her head for an hour and forty minutes; and when her arms began to be tired, and dropped a little, he put them up again.
21. Agriculture. To earth up (root-crops).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] > earth up
bank1577
hill1577
mould1601
earth1658
heela1722
to set up1801
landa1806
stitch1805
soil1844
earthen1904
1801 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 52 The turnips thrive better when not set up.
22. To fix (a price or standard); also, to put up the price of. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > pricing > attach a price to [verb (transitive)] > set or fix price (of)
loveOE
prizea1325
setc1420
make1423
cheapa1464
price1471
ratify1511
to set up?1529
apprize1533
rate1599
to set down1599
pitch1624
tax1846
to charge1889
sale-price1959
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > fluctuation in price > [verb (transitive)] > increase (prices) > raise the price of
advance?a1400
dearthc1440
to set up?1529
mount1532
price1533
hoise1581
endear1603
raisea1626
to mark up1868
to price up1904
lift1907
?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. A vj Oure fearmes sett vpp dayly more and more.
?1529 Proper Dyaloge Gentillman & Husbandman sig. A vjv And yet no hygher price was ther vp sett Than good conscyence dyd require.
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. F3 v In setting vp a sise of Bread.
23. To compose (verses). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > compose (poetry) [verb (transitive)]
to set up1607
compose1651
1607 Statutes in M. H. Peacock Hist. Free Gram. School Wakefield (1892) 72 Those which are able shall upon that daye sett upp verses.
24. Cards. To make up (a side). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play a card [verb (transitive)] > sit down to play
to set up1616
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > play a card [verb (transitive)] > actions or tactics > make up a side
to set up1616
1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iii. vi, in Wks. I. 562 Cen...Mavis, and shee will set vp a side. Trv...and mistris Mavis, shee will sustaine her part.
III. To put in operation, establish.
25.
a. To put into operation; to bring into use or vogue; to establish a course or series of. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > put into operation
to set upa1400
to firk up1604
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2135 And settes vp a sawte to þe towne sydes.
1570 G. Buchanan Chamæleon in Vernac. Writings (1892) 46 [He] socht to mak ane other change of court, and set vp new play agane.
1613 G. Chapman Reuenge Bussy D'Ambois v. sig. I4 I haue had Lotteries set vp for my death.
1622 in King James VI & I Gracious Let. to Earle of South-Hampton (title page) The present setting up of Silke works..in Virginia.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1664 (1955) III. 376 The Lottery, which his Majestie had permitted Sir Arth: Slingsby to set up for one day in the Banqueting house at whitehall.
1685 J. Dryden Albion & Albanius Pref. sig. (b)2v When Opera's were first set up in France.
1700 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 391 Some Lectures, were set up.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 35 All the Plays and Interludes, which..had been set up.
1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. II. iii. 44 The numerous smaller periodical works which were set up by Steele.
1849 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 1 33 A new post-coach had been set up which performed the journey to Bath in a single day.
b. To cause (a certain condition, esp. of disease) to arise. Often passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > give rise to
makeOE
breedc1200
wakea1325
wakenc1330
engendera1393
gendera1398
raisea1400
begetc1443
reara1513
ingener1513
ingenerate1528
to stir upc1530
yield1576
to pull ona1586
to brood up1586
to set afloat (on float)1586
spawn1594
innate1602
initiate1604
inbreed1605
irritate1612
to give rise to1630
to let in1655
to gig (out)1659
to set up1851
gin1887
1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 ii. 528 Inflammation is set up in the soft tissue.
1853 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 14 i. 199 Fermentation was more readily set up.
1889 A. V. Carr Margaret Maliphant II. xxi. 122 Want of proper nourishment..had caused the accident to set up a disease.
1891 Cornhill Mag. Dec. 601 This sets up fructification.
26. To establish (a state of things, a custom, a form of government, a society, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > establish a state of things
to set up1431
establish1600
1431 Acts Privy Council IV. 95 It alwey pourveide and seene þat..justice be set uppe and stabylysshede þere.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xix. A Whan he wente to set vp his power by the water Euphrates.
1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. C.iiiv His office is to hynder religyon,..to set vp Idolatrie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 50 To plucke a Kingdome downe, And set another vp.
1640 Articles against William Archbishop of Canterbury sig. B Hee went about to subvert the Religion established in this Kingdome, and to set up Papistrie and superstition.
c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 200 They have their Coales and 3 shillings pr weeke allowed to Each to maintain them,..its set up and allowed to by Mr Coleson a mercht in London.
1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 52 The legislature..which was originally set up by the general consent of the society.
1820 W. Irving Little Brit. in Sketch Bk. vii. 104 Party spirit ran very high..in consequence of two rival ‘Burial Societies’ being set up in the place.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xii. 225 Though he had not taken part in setting up the new government.
1861 Macmillan's Mag. 4 371/1 He succeeded in setting up Episcopacy..in Scotland.
1890 T. F. Tout in F. Y. Powell et al. Hist. Eng. III. 151 The house of Savoy now set up a united Italy.
27.
a. To set on foot, establish (a business, profession); to begin (housekeeping, life).to set up shop: see shop n., adj., and int. Phrases 8.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish
arear?a800
astellc885
planteOE
i-set971
onstellOE
rightOE
stathelOE
raisec1175
stofnec1175
stablea1300
morec1300
ordainc1325
fermc1330
foundc1330
instore1382
instituec1384
establec1386
firmc1425
roota1450
steadfastc1450
establishc1460
institute1483
to set up1525
radicate1531
invent1546
constitute1549
ordinate1555
rampire1555
upset1559
stay1560
erect1565
makea1568
settle1582
stablish1590
seminarize1593
statuminatea1628
hain1635
bottom1657
haft1755
start1824
1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 691 Euery persone that haith beene full prentise..doithe sett vp his occupacion or Craft within the same [city].
1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. Aiii To set vp houses and kepe hospitalyty.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xvi. 130 b They haue also there set vp printing, not before seene in those countries.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 136 Buying pewter, brasse, and such like implements as if to set up house keeping.
1663 A. Marvell Let. 19 May in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 36 The Earle of Carlisle is going upon an Extraordinary Ambassage to Muscovy in order to setting up the English trade again there.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. p. xvii I have often wished, that certain..Instructors..would set up Schools.
1778 Ann. Reg. 1777 Characters 42/1 He returned to London and set up the small-coal trade.
1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. x. 236 He taught the science of the small-sword, and set up a saloon-of-arms.
1869 ‘W. Bradwood’ The O.V.H. vi The next thing we shall hear will be that you have set up house and got married.
1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 299 As new cells budded from the parent they moved away and set up life for themselves.
b. To begin the use or practice of; to adopt as part of one's establishment, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > begin the practice of
to set upa1704
a1704 T. Brown Dialogues of Dead in 4th Vol. Wks. (1720) 142 She set up a Basset-Table.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 176. ⁋8 [I] have set up a Pack of little Beagles.
1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas III. viii. ix. 158 I..bought the coach of a notary, who had set it up through ostentation, and now wanted to get rid of it.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. ii. 39 He had lately set up a carriage.
1854 ‘C. Bede’ Further Adventures Mr. Verdant Green (ed. 2) xi. 97 He conceived the idea of setting up a drum!
1860 J. W. Carlyle Lett. III. 63 You will have heard of my setting up a second servant.
1890 Cornhill Mag. July 45 Improved..by the short beard he had set up.
c. To prepare, set in readiness (apparatus, machinery, etc.). (A more generalized application of sense 16c.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > prepare apparatus or machinery
rig1797
to tune up1901
to set up1922
1922 H. D. Burghardt Machine Tool Operation II. viii. 157 Sometimes an unskilled man or boy can operate several machines after they have been ‘set up’ by a skilled mechanic.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio viii. 142 To be able to put the disc on the turntable, locate the right groove,..and set the record up ready for playing in.
1977 P. Dickinson Walking Dead i. iii. 39 Foxe felt most fully alive..when he was setting up a new experiment.
d. gen. To make preparations or arrangements for; to contrive, plot (a move, trick, etc.); to arrange (a social engagement).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > make preparations for (an event, etc.)
apparelc1314
purveya1382
prevenea1522
bespeak1582
providea1616
forespeak1659
formel1673
to set the stage1937
organize1952
to set up1965
1965 P. O'Donnell Modesty Blaise vii. 83 If Gabriel or anyone else has been setting up a job from here, Paco will know about it.
1968 P. N. Corlett & J. D. Tinsley Pract. Programming iv. 66 In a game of Nim..two players move alternately and take any number of matches from one pile, the winner taking the last match. If a player can set up a winning position, he cannot lose unless he makes a mistake in a subsequent move.
1971 Daily Tel. 28 Oct. 3 (heading) Boy, 12, set up cripple's death jury is told.
1973 R. Busby Pattern of Violence vi. 104 Let's set this thing up. I'll get onto the divisional commander.
1973 Houston Chron. 14 Oct. (Suppl.) 8/4 We set up a date and a couple of weeks later Agnew and I sat down in his suite in a Chicago hotel.
1978 R. Thomas Chinaman's Chance xxii. 228 ‘Could you set it up?’ ‘No problem.’
28. To provide (a person) with means; to place in a position of prosperity or in the way of retrieving one's fortune; to set ‘on one's legs’ again.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > restoration > restoration of a person > [verb (transitive)] > to prosperity
redressa1400
to set up1530
revive1560
the world > action or operation > prosperity > cause to prosper or flourish [verb (transitive)] > put (a person) in prosperous condition
on one's feetOE
to set upa1616
to set (a person) on (also upon) his (also her, etc.) legs1632
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 716/1 I shall than be set up agayne.
1584 T. Lodge Alarum against Vsurers 10 Thou maist haue money in thy pursse, and other necessaries to set thee vp againe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. i. 10 May they not be my Oracles as well, And set me vp in hope. View more context for this quotation
1658 J. Mennes & J. Smith Wit Restor'd 25 But when a Fammily is sunck, And Titles are a fading, Some Merchant's daughter setts you up.
1729 W. Law Serious Call viii. 112 She has set up near twenty poor tradesmen that had fail'd in their business.
1811 M. Titherington Diary in Mem. (1819) 103 Job was set up again by the bounty of his friends.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxv. 271 We had a light, fair wind, which set us up again.
1892 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 10 Dec. 446/3 He soon set us all up in funds.
29.
a. To establish or start (a person) in a business or profession; transferred said of the money, stock, or outfit sufficient to equip a person. to be set up for (colloq.): to be well provided with.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (transitive)] > set person up in profession or business
to set up1556
1556 in J. W. Clay North Country Wills (1908) I. 238 The same company [of mercers in London] shall deliver yerlie the said rent to one poore yong man to sett hym up that hathe nother father nor mother.
1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. xlvii. sig. H10v Two Deskes, and a quire of paper set him vp.
1679–88 in J. Y. Akerman Moneys Secret Services Charles II & James II (1851) 88 To Wm Lloyd,..bounty, to sett him up to his trade of a shoemaker.
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 217 I was..set up in the World, made a Master.
1745 Life Bampfylde-Moore Carew 52 He expended a small Sum of Money to set her up for a retail Trader in Buckles.
1826 New Monthly Mag. 16 366 Mistress of as many branches of knowledge as would set up half-a-dozen literary hacks.
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxii. 190 He had brilliant under-waistcoats, any one of which would have set up a moderate buck.
1863 Mrs. H. Wood Verner's Pride I. v. 57 I'm set up for cotton gownds.
1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iv. xiii. 271 Now, John, if you don't fix a time for setting her up in her own house and home, and letting us walk out of it, I'll turn Informer.
1886 R. C. Praed Miss Jacobsen's Chance II. iii. 48 His father will set him up in business.
b. reflexive. To constitute or establish oneself (as).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiating or founding [verb (reflexive)] > establish oneself
rootc1400
to set up1883
1883 G. M. Fenn Middy & Ensign xxiv. 142 Dick had no intention of setting himself up as a prophet.
1891 Murray's Mag. 10 728 The Wincauntons set themselves up as judges of their neighbours.
c. To bring (someone) to a position from which he may be knocked down, to make vulnerable (literal, as in Pugilism); figurative (colloquial and slang), to lead on in order to fool, cheat, or incriminate (a person); to ‘frame’. Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > collusion, intrigue > conspire against [verb (transitive)] > attempt to implicate
job1889
frame1912
to set up1950
1950 J. Dempsey Championship Fighting x. 49 If you can land solidly with a straight left or with a left hook, you'll generally knock your opponent off balance, at least, and ‘set him up’ for a pot-shot with your right.
1956 ‘B. Holiday’ & W. Dufty Lady sings Blues xxi. 187 When I saw them running across the rooftops with my money, I knew I'd been had. Somebody had set me up.
1963 L. Deighton Horse under Water xxxi. 127 Either Mr. Ivor Batcher was double-crossing his boss or I was being set up.
1964 S. Bellow Herzog 109 Of course he understood that Tennie was setting him up, and that he was a sucker for just the sort of appeal she made.
1979 A. Price Tomorrow's Ghost ii. 23 ‘You're deliberately using them for bait, for God's sake.’ ‘Oh no we're not... We didn't set them up.’
1981 ‘E. V. Cunningham’ Case of Sliding Pool ix. 101 He had a partner, whom he set up from the very beginning for the kill.
30. To restore, repair, make good. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > put right (a wrong or loss)
winc1220
righta1275
astorec1300
addressa1325
reform1405
dressc1410
redressa1413
arightc1420
refound1497
richa1500
redub1531
repair1533
to make good1569
reducec1592
remend1592
to set up1610
to get up1688
1610 Bible (Douay) II. 1 Macc. iii. 43 Let us set up [L. erigamus] the abasing of our people, and let us fight for our people.
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1851) II. 433 Whill his loissis wes set wp.
31. To bring to a proper state of health and strength; to restore to health.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > restore to health
healc1000
temperc1000
recoverc1330
covera1375
restorec1384
recovera1398
rectifya1400
revert1446
recruita1661
re-establish1664
to set up1686
to bring toa1796
reinstate1810
tinker1823
recuperate1849
to bring about1854
to pick up1857
to fetch round1870
re-edify1897
to pull round1900
1686 G. Burnet Let. 14 June in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) VI. 181 I am extream sorry to hear that my Lady Ranalagh has of late had ill health but I hope the season of the year will set her up again.
1727 A. Boyer Dictionaire Royal (rev. ed.) (at cited word) To set one up again..(to recover his Health).
1804 Ld. Nelson Lett. (1814) II. 63 A little of your good nursing, with ass's milk, will set me up for another campaign.
1863 J. Carlyle Let. 5 July in Lett. & Memorials (1883) III. 170 I returned from that visit quite set up.
1889 E. Lynn Linton Thro' Long Night II. ii. xiii. 200 Change is just what Estelle wants to set her up again.
IV. To put away, store.
32. To put away for future use, lay up in store, store away. Obsolete or dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)]
again-layOE
to put upc1330
to lay up?a1366
bestow1393
to set up1421
reserve1480
powder1530
store1552
uplay1591
garnera1616
storea1616
revestry1624
reposit1630
barrel1631
magazine1643
stock1700
to salt down1849
reservoir1858
tidy1867
larder1904
1421 Coventry Leet Bk. 33 Þat hur hoost haue in charge that they bryng all hur fysche in-to the markett, without they sett up any fische in any othur fyschers houses.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 716/1 Go, set up this bagge of monaye, tyll I call for it.
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 3 Mellons, Cytrons, and such like,..were at a wincke of his reserued and set vp.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 82 They beginne them in the midst of the broade side, making a round hole there, into which hole, when the cheese is to be set vp, they put some few drops of wine.
a1732 T. Boston Memoirs (1776) ix. 230 I..refused to eat;..and the meat was set up again untasted.
1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 39 If your Lady orders you to set up a Piece of Meat for Supper.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 393 The corn is then set up, that is, set down in the sacks on the floor, and remains there unemptied.
33. To put (a horse, etc.) up in a stable; occasionally to keep (cattle) up to fatten them. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [verb (transitive)] > stable or stall
stablec1380
to set upc1440
livery1837
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [verb (transitive)] > fatten
masteOE
fatc1386
frankc1440
to set up1540
fatten1552
feed1552
cram1577
engrease1583
to raise in flesh1608
adipate1623
saginate1623
batten1638
to stall to1764
tallow1765
to fat off1789
to make up1794
higglea1825
finish1841
force1847
to feed off1852
steam1947
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > fatten
masteOE
fatc1386
to set up1540
fatten1552
feed1552
forcea1571
cram1577
engrease1583
to raise in flesh1608
saginate1623
to stall to1764
tallow1765
stall-feed1766
graze1787
to fat off1789
to make up1794
higglea1825
finish1841
to feed off1852
steam1947
c1440 Alphabet of Tales 124 He went privalie into þe stabyll þer þe knightis man had sett vp her hors.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xixv For and she be rydden vpon and set vp hote.
1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus v. v. sig. Bbjv The caulfe that is well fatted. i. that is set vp to be made fatte.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 46 My Companion..sets vp his Asses in the Stable.
a1713 T. Ellwood Hist. Life (1714) 21 When I..had set up my Horse at an Inn.
1768 Boyer's Royal Dict. (rev. ed.) (at cited word) To set up a coach..Dételer les chevaux d'un carrosse.
V. To put in opposition.
34.
a. To put into an attitude of hostility or opposition; to incite, instigate.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate
stirc897
putOE
sputc1175
prokec1225
prickc1230
commovec1374
baitc1378
stingc1386
movea1398
eager?a1400
pokec1400
provokea1425
tollc1440
cheera1450
irritec1450
encourage1483
incite1483
harden1487
attice1490
pricklea1522
to set on1523
incense1531
irritate1531
animate1532
tickle1532
stomach1541
instigate1542
concitea1555
upsteer1558
urge1565
instimulate1570
whip1573
goad1579
raise1581
to set upa1586
to call ona1592
incitate1597
indarec1599
alarm1602
exstimulate1603
to put on1604
feeze1610
impulse1611
fomentate1613
emovec1614
animalize1617
stimulate1619
spura1644
trinkle1685
cite1718
to put up1812
prod1832
to jack up1914
goose1934
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > set in opposition
set1297
gain-set1435
matchc1440
oppone1463
to set upa1586
oppose1600
counterpone1629
antipose1631
antipathize1667
pit1754
antagonize1849
a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) vii. vi Arise, O Lord, in wrath thy self up sett Against such rage of foes.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. iv. 11 They set mee vp in pollicie, that mongrill curre Aiax, against that dogge of as bad a kinde Achilles. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. i. 29 Hee was skilfull enough to haue liu'd stil, if knowledge could be set vp against mortallitie. View more context for this quotation
1803 Pic Nic No. 4. 5 They set up argument against matter of fact.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy III. v. 150 As for them that have abused your Grace's ear, and set you up against a man that [etc.].
a1845 S. Smith Elem. Sketches Moral Philos. (1850) 218 Sudden variation,..in a great scale, is most commonly either grand or sublime; it sets all the faculties up in arms.
1884 G. Allen Philistia III. xxvi. 27 The environment is too strong for you; and if you set yourself up against it, it'll crush you.
1894 J. T. Fowler in St. Adamnan Vita S. Columbae Introd. 33 This one has perhaps been set up as a rival to an earlier St. Patrick's Purgatory.
b. Hunting. To bring to bay. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > hunt down or bring to bay
stallc1400
to set up1608
to run down1650
to hunt down1711
to tire down1835
to stick up1850
bail1872
the world > action or operation > difficulty > of difficulty: beset (a person) [verb (transitive)] > put (a person) in difficulty > force into a difficult situation
to tie to the stake1544
fix1736
to set up1747
corner1824
to drive into a corner1861
bunker1930
to get or have (a person) by the short and curlies1948
to box (a person, esp. oneself) into a corner1955
1608 G. Chapman Trag. Duke of Byron v, in Conspiracie Duke of Byron sig. Q4 As a Sauadge Bore that (hunted longe, Assayld and set vp) with his onely eyes, Swimming in fire keepes of the baying hounds.
1747 Tricks of Town laid open (ed. 3) 31 You see, Sir, how naturally all these Beasts of Prey hunt a Country Squire, and..they seldom lose the Scent till they have set him up (as you phrase it) brought him to a Bay.
1889 Field 12 Jan. 41/3 The hounds..came up with their stag there, and set him up to bay at this well-known landmark.
VI. To advance or propose.
35. To put forward (a claim, defence, a case in law).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > put forward [verb (transitive)]
laya1387
proposea1398
stirc1400
move1452
propound?1531
broach1579
start1579
moot1685
to set up1697
argument1747
1697 Mem. Trans. Savoy 123 Several Reasons engage the French King to set up anew his Title to Savoy.
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab iv. 49 That apology Which kings who rule, and cowards who crouch, set up For their unnumbered crimes.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. v. 111 After setting up a vain and unjust pretence to the throne of England.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 523 For some of the prisoners an alibi was set up.
1856 N. Brit. Rev. 26 201 The best defence is that which..has been set up by M. de Remusat.
1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xxiii. 177 Constant claims are set up to the estates of other men by..crafty persons.
1885 Law Rep.: Probate Div. 10 194 The husband sets up in bar a deed of separation.
36. To advance, propose, put forward (a theory, idea, plan).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > confirmation of hypothesis, theory > propose a theory [verb (transitive)]
theorize1644
model1667
to set up1803
theorize1820
1803 Pic Nic No. 3. 2 They seem to have set up for themselves a peculiar form of trial.
1844 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. xvii They are rejoiced to set up a standard of imaginary excellence.
1883 G. M. Fenn Middy & Ensign xii. 70 You set up a theory of your own.
1890 I. D. Hardy New Othello III. x. 211 You set up those false and morbid scruples between yourself and me.
VII. intransitive.
37. To sit up (late at night). Now U.S., dialect or colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > be or remain awake [verb (intransitive)] > intentionally
watchc1000
to sit upc1450
stay1526
to burn (etc.) the midnight oil1635
to set up1697
to wake it1766
to watch up1852
to wait up1855
to stop up1857
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > go to bed or retire to rest [verb (intransitive)] > stay up or out of bed during the night
wakec900
to sit upc1450
stay1526
to set up1697
to wake it1766
to watch up1852
to stop up1857
1697 Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 201 In this Season they set up till four or five a Clock in the Morning because of the heats.
1776 S. J. Pratt Pupil of Pleasure II. 208 I find the whole family..is to set up.
1822 E. Nathan Langreath I. 176 You forget, my child, how late you set up at night.
1935 R. Bass in Scribner's Mag. Feb. 122/1 The body must never be left alone for an instant until it is left in the grave. It must be ‘set up’ with.
1968 E. R. Buckler Ox Bells & Fireflies ix. 127 Neighbors took turns ‘setting up’ with the patient night after night.
38. (Originally absol. of 27.) To start in business, begin the exercise of a trade or profession.Formerly const. for, now as (with the noun connoting the occupation); sometimes also (as in quot. 1891) with simple n. complement.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (intransitive)] > take up profession or start career
to begin the world1570
to set up1593
society > occupation and work > business affairs > a business or company > run a business [verb (intransitive)] > start a business
to set up shop1409
to set up1593
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)] > have as purpose or object
followeOE
studylOE
turna1200
pursuea1382
purposec1384
to shoot atc1407
ensue1483
proponea1500
studyc1503
prick1545
tread1551
suit1560
to go for ——1568
to set (up) one's rest1572
expect1578
propose1584
propound1596
aima1616
scope1668
to set up1691
aim1821
to go in for1835
to be out for1887
to be flat out for1930
target1966
shoot1967
the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (transitive)] > support the claims of
to set up1691
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 46 b My young Merchant returnes, and settes vppe fresher then euer he did.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 11 They had but new set up, and had not yet found out the right way of trade.
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 377 He set up for a writing-master.
1701 Laconics (new ed.) iii. 96 A Wit and a Beau set up with little or no Expense.
1779 Mirror No. 67 Your predecessor, The Spectator, used to be consulted in cases of difficulty. I know not if you, Mr. Mirror, set up on the same footing.
1809 W. Scott Let. 31 Jan. (1932) II. 160 Ballantyne's brother is setting up here as a bookseller.
1882 Sat. Rev. 19 Aug. 247/1 When people had set up in business.
1891 Sat. Rev. 26 Dec. 728/1 He even set up smuggler on his own account.
39. to set up for
a. to set up for oneself, to start on a career on one's own account.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (intransitive)] > establish > establish oneself in a career
to set up for oneself1622
commence1642
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 55 He got him a Stocke, to set vp for himselfe in the world.
1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome 268 Three of them set up for themselves, Pescennius Niger in the East, Septimius Severus in Illyricum, and Clodius Albinus in Britain.
1727 A. Boyer Dictionaire Royal (rev. ed.) (at cited word) After this Victory over Mark Anthony, Augustus had a mind to set up for himself.
1852 C. W. Hoskyns Talpa (1854) xviii. 153 No sooner is a new thought imparted, than it sets up for itself, and denies its pedigree.
b. To put oneself forward as (a person of a certain kind or class), to lay claim to being (so-and-so). Also, to set up for being (so-and-so).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [verb (intransitive)] > to be
semble1542
to figure for1596
to set up for1688
to set up1889
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ooo/2 To set up for a Reformer.
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables lxvii. 66 Shall any Man..that Willfully..procures the Cutting of whole Armies to Pieces, set up for an Innocent?
1709 E. Ward tr. Diverting Wks. 206 Covetous Men commonly set up for being very long sighted.
1716 J. Craggs Let. to Pope 2 Sept. I fancy I am..setting up for a wit.
1765 S. Foote Commissary i. 13 Sim... Why he must be upwards of — Mrs. Mech. Fifty, I warrant. Sim. Rather late in life to set up for a gentleman.
1849 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 16 237/1 I do not set myself up for a purist.
1889 Harper's Mag. Mar. 557/1 I don't set up for a beauty.
c. To have as one's object or goal. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ ii. 50 Clodius Albinus having set up for the Empire in Britain, and being beaten by Severus.
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 504 Whether or no they have done well, to set up for making another kind of Figure, Time will witness.
1707 Diverting Muse i. 6 An Old Lady, who has bury'd Six Husbands and sets up for the Seventh.
d. To support the claims of. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1689 T. Rymer View Govt. Europe 4 Ahaz's Dial is no President for our time or measures; nor may the Theocracy of the Jews authorize us to set up for King Jesus.
1691 W. Nicholls Answer Naked Gospel 97 The first then that stood up for this Heterodoxy was Michael Servetus..who..set up for the Unitarian Doctrine in Europe.
e. To lay claim to (a quality, virtue, etc.). Also, †to lay claim to having (a concrete possession).
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > claim > claim to have
claima1400
pretend1402
pretend1402
pretentc1425
to set up for1698
1698 J. Collier Short View Immorality Eng. Stage 226 This Spark sets up for Sense.
1699 G. Farquhar Love & Bottle ii. i. 12 Had the Landlady but a Highland Piper to joyn with 'em, she might set up for a Collection of Monsters.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxii. 127 If People will set up for Virtue, and all that, let 'em be uniformly virtuous.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. xv. 150 No doubt..you have known ladies set up for wit that had none.
1865 M. E. Braddon Sir Jasper xxii I suppose Pauncefort sets up for originality.
40. (absol. of ii.) To lay claim or pretend to be.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [verb (intransitive)] > to be
semble1542
to figure for1596
to set up for1688
to set up1889
1804 M. Edgeworth Rosanna v, in Pop. Tales II. 140 What more could we have, if we were to set up to be gentry?
1889 A. Sergeant Luck of House I. xxi. 286 You need not set up to be virtuous.
41. (originally absol. of gg.) To put up at an inn or other lodging. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > at the house of another, an inn, etc.
gesten?c1225
innc1390
host?c1450
bait1477
to be (or lie) at hosta1500
hostela1500
sojourn1573
to take up1607
guest?1615
to set upa1689
to keep up1704
to put up1706
lodge1749
room1809
hotel1889
dig1914
motel1961
a1689 A. Behn Adventure Black Lady 3 in Hist. & Novels (1698) Bellamora..was oblig'd to lodge..at the same Inn where the Stage-Coach set up.
1745 Life Bampfylde-Moore Carew 92 He..then rode away Post-Haste to Exeter; where being arrived he sets up at the Oxford Inn.
1770 H. Brooke Fool of Quality V. xvii. 188 On setting up for the night, I rejoiced to find..Louisa was..alive.
1780 S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett III. civ. 14 Every house where the stages set up.
1819 Lady Morgan Let. 28 Oct. in Memoirs (1862) II. viii. 116 We set up at the Nova-Yorka [Hotel], kept by an Englishwoman.
42. To punt, esp. so as to get close to waterfowl to shoot them. (Cf. sense 110.)
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > propelling boat by oars, paddle, or pole > [verb (intransitive)] > pole or punt
punt1776
to set up1776
kent1820
launch1824
pole1831
the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > shoot [verb (intransitive)] > manner or type of
grousec1798
to set up1824
to shoot for the stick1834
to go to rode1838
to fire into the brown (of them)1845
set1859
hold ahead1881
hold on1881
rough-shoot1937
the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > shoot [verb (intransitive)] > carry gun dangerously
traverse1807
to set up1824
1776 C. Carroll Jrnl. Miss. Canada in B. Mayer Mem. (1845) 47 In many places the current was so strong that the batteau men were obliged to set up with poles, and drag the boat by the painter.
1824 P. Hawker Instr. Young Sportsmen (ed. 3) 343 If we can neither find a creek nor a ‘latch’, with sufficient water to set up to birds.
1882 R. Payne-Gallwey Fowler in Ireland 26 Illustr. Wexford floatmen setting up to fowl together.
43. Of a cart: To tip up. local.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport of goods in a vehicle > transport goods in vehicle [verb (transitive)] > of a cart: to tip up
shelve1587
to set up1841
1841 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2 ii. 178 The carts..are..larger, and with moveable bodies, so as to set up for the purpose of turning out their load at once.
44. Of a soft-nosed bullet: To expand on impact.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > discharge firearms [verb (intransitive)] > actions of bullet or shot
ricochet1804
club1830
cluster1830
strip1854
upset1859
slug1875
keyhole1878
group1882
string1892
mushroom1893
splash1894
to set up1896
phut1901
pattern1904
print1961
1896 Times 16 Dec. 5/2 The metal covering at the point being made thin and the lead core slightly exposed, the result being that the bullet ‘set up’ on striking any object.
1898 Engineer 4 Mar. 216/2 A bullet should do more than make a man rub his leg some hours afterwards. Consequently efforts have been directed to causing bullets to set up on impact.

Draft additions 1993

transferred. To place the action of (a fictional or imaginative work) in a particular setting. Usually in passive. Cf. lay v.1 20b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > fiction > relate or represent in fiction [verb (transitive)] > place in setting
set1900
1888 H. Morley Shakespeare's Merry Wives of Windsor 12 Shakespeare sets Falstaff in the close air of a tavern; and he has set his healthy women among fields by the riverside.]
1900 Daily News 15 Aug. 6/4 The story, which is set in a middle-class milieu, succeeds in being homely.
1951 G. Greene Lost Childhood 108 The novels were now set in Cumberland; the farms, the village shops, the stone walls, the green slope of Catbells became the background of her pictures and her prose.
1989 M. Lane Literary Daughters ii. 66 Belinda, set in polite London society,..established Maria's range.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

setv.2

Etymology: < set n.2
transitive. To group (pupils) into sets (see set n.2 2d); also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > educational administration > school administration > [verb (transitive)] > stream or unstream
stream1957
unstream1961
set1962
1962 J. Vaizey Britain in Sixties v. 56 Some..feel that..children should be ‘setted’ for each subject.
1965 Observer 7 Nov. 4/8 Mathematics teachers consider it necessary to set after two terms.
1975 Lang. for Life (Dept. Educ. & Sci.) xv. 224 Speaking purely for English, most of us have reservations about arrangements by which pupils are streamed or setted according to ability.

Derivatives

ˈsetting n.2
ΚΠ
1953 Organ. Comprehensive Secondary Schools (London County Council) 14 A practicable arrangement would be to re-set only across three adjacent forms. ‘Setting’ in this way would not determine the rate at which each set would work.
1957 B. Simon New Trends in Eng. Educ. ii. 46 I will not ask the reader to follow me in the intricacies of fifth-year setting.
1973 Morrison & McIntyre Teachers & Teaching (ed. 2) iii. 126 There is reason to believe that the practise of ‘setting’— different streaming for each of several subjects—reduces these effects.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1986; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

setconj.

Etymology: Probably evolved from the imperative or the past participle (in absolute construction) of set v.1 in the sense ‘to put the case,’ ‘to suppose (that)’. Compare German gesetzt = ‘on the assumption that’.
Scottish. Obsolete.
Though, although. Also with at (= that). Very frequent in the Sc. Leg. Saints.
ΚΠ
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 345 And sett thou myhtest lust atteigne, Of every lust thende is a peine.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. i. Prol. 33 And set to þis I gif my will My wit I ken sa skant þartill That I drede saire þame till offend.
c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 26 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 1 God mad hym to rest syn in france,..til honouryt be, set þare a strangere was he.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 1430 Blaym nocht the buk, set I be wnperfyt.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 99 And set yhoue clep one erbis and one treis, Sche heris not thi wo.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vi. Prol. 31 Set thow think this bot sport.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

> see also

also refers to : set-comb. form

> as lemmas

S.E.T.
S.E.T. n. also with pronunciation /sɛt/ selective employment tax.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > types of tax > [noun] > tax on businesses
corporate tax1863
profits tax1903
turnover tax1920
payroll tax1924
S.E.T.1966
imputation1971
1966 Financial Times 4 May 1/1 Most Fleet Street papers seized on the payroll tax (SET) as the Budget's main news point.
1966 Observer 8 May 9/1 The main virtue of S.E.T. is that it is indirect.
a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 508 My first reaction to S.E.T. was that in terms of farming at Prescote Manor as well as in terms of building it was absolutely unbearable.
extracted from Sn.1
<
n.1c1330n.2a1387adj.1c1050adj.21897v.1c725v.21953conj.1390
see also
as lemmas
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/12/24 3:04:30