单词 | shelf |
释义 | shelfn.1 I. A horizontal support, and related uses. 1. a. A slab of wood (or other material) fixed in a horizontal position to a wall, or in a frame, to hold books, vessels, ornaments, etc.; one of the transverse boards in a bookcase, cabinet, or the like. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > stand > [noun] > shelf skelf1396 shelfc1405 tack1446 binkc1520 bank1574 bracket1635 hanging shelf1726 wall-plat1841 pluteus1895 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 25 His Augrym stones layen faire a part On shelues [v.r. schelfes] couched at his beddes heed. 1422 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 16 Yat the lede pype and the shelfs be the wyfe's of Symond of Stele. 1485 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 28 In the Bottrye iiij schelves. 1505 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 327 Yn the spence a tabell planke and ij sylwes. 1566 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 65 A shelf for to set dishes on. ?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) ix. 313 Shelues [ταρσοί] with cheeses heapt. 1716 A. Pope Further Acct. E. Curll 21 Have not I cloath'd you in double Royal, lodg'd you handsomely on decent Shelves..? 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 135 I was full two and forty Days making me a Board for a long Shelf. 1765 J. Brown Christian Jrnl. 252 Here is the famed surgeon's shop: no doubt his shelfs are planted with pots, vials, and boxes full of useful medicine. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Talking Oak xxx, in Poems (new ed.) II. 71 She left the novel half-uncut Upon the rosewood shelf. 1856 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Flower Garden 34 A dry airy shelf is a good place for keeping them [sc. bulbs]. 1898 G. B. Shaw You never can Tell iii. (stage direct.) The bamboo tea table, with folding shelves. b. The gradine of an altar. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > altar > parts of altar > [noun] > gradine shelf1496 retablo1772 retable1817 superaltar1847 predella1859 retabulum1860 gradin1877 gradino1883 1496–7 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 30 A frontell for the schelffe standyng on the alter. c. transferred. A shelf with reference to its contents; the contents of a shelf (esp. of books). ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > receptacle for books > [noun] > book-shelf shelf1732 open shelf1821 book trough1893 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. ii. xxiv. 141 You may confute a whole shelf of School-men. 1799 Monthly Rev. 30 287 This performance cannot be placed on the same shelf with that of Barthelemy. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 147 His works had no place on David Deans's shelf of divinity. 1825 T. B. Macaulay Milton in Edinb. Rev. Aug. 305 A few more days, and this Essay will follow the Defensio Populi to the dust and silence of the upper shelf. 1876 J. R. Lowell Ode 4th July iv. ii Herein they were great Beyond the incredulous lawgivers of yore, And wiser than the wisdom of the shelf. d. fig. phrases. on the shelf: (a) On one side, out of the way, in a position or state of inactivity or uselessness; esp. to lay (put, etc.) on the shelf, also †to set on shelf. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > in a state of inactivity [phrase] > out of action out of order1530 out of commission1533 on the shelfa1577 out of action1703 out of blast1832 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > not in use [phrase] > disused out of ure1553 on the shelfa1577 a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. C.ij in Whole Wks. (1587) Ioue in heauen would smile to see Diana set on shelfe. 1815 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) XII. 379 Alava would then be laid upon the shelf, if he had not his situation here to return to. 1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master viii. 8 He's ever since been on the shelf. 1831 J. W. Croker in J. Boswell Life Johnson I. 118 (note) [Quoting J. W. Croker, an. 1740] His friend General Oglethorpe, who, after acquittal by a court-martial, was (to use a vulgar but expressive phrase) put upon the shelf. 1884 L. J. Jennings in Croker Papers I. vi. 170 The question of Parliamentary Reform could not be perpetually kept upon the shelf. 1893 B. Harraden Ships that Pass i. vii Because your career has been checked, and because you have been put on the shelf. (b) Of women: without prospects of marrying. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > fitness for marriage > [adverb] > without prospects of marrying on the shelf1839 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [adverb] > without prospect of marrying on the shelf1839 1839 T. Hood I'm not Single Man v Mamma, who praises her own self, Instead of Jane or Ann, And lays ‘her girls’ upon the shelf. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II On the shelf, said of ladies when too old to get married. 1893 Academy 25 Nov. 460/3 A worn-out flirt who has run through her chances in the matrimonial market and who is..on the shelf. (c) slang. In pawn. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > borrowing money > borrow money [phrase] > in pawn at pawn1431 in pop1819 in (occasionally the) hock1859 on the shelf1859 1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 91 On the shelf, pawned. e. off the shelf: from a supply of ready-made goods. Also (with hyphens) as adj.phr. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > prepared or ready > made ready > ready or in a finished state ready-made1653 off the shelf1966 1936 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Feb. 150/2 The individual customer must generally have his material fabricated to his order and cannot obtain material [aluminium] ‘off the shelf’. 1958 Engineering 11 Apr. 455/2 Using sets built to a standard pattern which would be available ‘off the shelf’ and made up of interchangeable parts. 1962 J. Glenn in J. Glenn et al. Into Orbit 37 They had to use ‘off-the-shelf’ items in order to save time. 1966 Electronics 17 Oct. 38 The fact that its roll in a normal ocean is only 1° means that off-the-shelf, land-rated equipment can be used. 1971 Engineering Apr. 88 (advt.) No chance of errors and ‘off-the-shelf’ service. 1978 Nature 26 Oct. 784/1 As CAMAC equipment is often sold as individual products to system builders, items are often available either ‘off the shelf’. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > cupboard or cabinet > [noun] aumbry1356 shelfc1440 armoryc1485 cupboard1530 armoire1571 amberc1625 tabern1657 dark-closet1726 almirah1788 cwtch1890 bahuta1916 muurkas1949 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 445/1 Schelfe, epiaster, epilocarium, armarium. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Eiiv/1 A Shelfe, cortinale. 3. a. Printing. = till n.1 3. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > platen > space between platen projections shelf1706 till1888 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Shelf,..the Till of a Printing-Press. 1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. 328 The Till or Shelf. 1845 Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 774 The third bar D, called the shelf or till, is intended to guide and keep steady..the hose, which contains the spindle and screw. b. Shipbuilding. A timber on the inner side of the frame to support the deck-beams. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > other timbers supporting beams pointer1750 shelf-piece1830 shelf1845 beam-arm1850 fork-beam1850 hold-stanchion1867 1845 Encycl. Metrop. VI. 396/2 Under the beams of the deck, perpendicularly over the builge-strake, was fixed on its edge a strake of fir along the whole length of the vessel six inches thick, with a score one inch deep for the beams, to which it was bolted, and was called the longitudinal shelf. 1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 35 The several pieces composing the shelf are connected with vertical flat scarphs. c. The charging-bed of a furnace. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > hearth or floor of furnace hearth1551 sole1615 laboratory1790 hearth bottom1821 mouth plate1852 open-hearth1870 shelf1879 kitchen1881 1879 Spons' Encycl. Manuf. I. 290 The hopper in which the charge of sulphate, coal, and chalk is contained, is built into the arch over the centre of the ‘shelf’. 4. A police informer. Australian slang. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] > informer > police informer setter1630 nose1789 mouchard1802 rat1818 stool-pigeon1830 knark1851 police informer1851 nark1859 telegraph1864 copper1885 sarbut1897 Noah's Ark1898 stool1906 snout1910 finger1914 policeman1923 stoolie1924 shelf1926 grass1929 grasshopper1937 grasser1950 stukach1969 supergrass1975 1926 ‘J. Doone’ Timely Tips for New Australians Gloss. Shelf, a slang word denoting an informer. 1952 People (Austral.) 3 Dec. 8/2 The jail authorities knew such trafficking went on and often set traps for the warders through the good offices of shelfs or trusties (prisoners who were informers). II. Senses influenced by shelf n.2 5. a. A ledge, platform, or terrace of land, rock, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ledge or terrace > [noun] shelvea1701 ledge1732 terrace1753 bench1791 lynchet1797 shelf1807 benching1809 offset1856 cultivation terrace1863 terracing1863 mantelshelf1897 cultivation-bank1913 mantelpiece1920 terracette1922 berm1931 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad iii. 101 Torrents of molten rocks..Lead o'er the shelves of ice their fiery tide. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xiii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 296 A huge fragment of stone, which, having fallen from the cliffs above, had..jammed so as to serve for a sloping roof to the farther part of the broad shelf or platform on which they stood. 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 131 These roads or shelves occur in a valley six or seven miles wide. 1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton xxiv Scrambling up shelves of loose earth and slate. b. continental shelf, the relatively shallow belt of sea-bottom bordering a continental mass, the outer edge of which sinks rapidly to the deep ocean-floor. Also unqualified (frequently attributive). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > continental shelf continental shelf1892 1892 H. R. Mill Realm of Nature xi. 201 In many cases it is possible that the continental shelf is the end of a low plain submerged by subsidence; in others a low plain may be an upheaved continental shelf. 1905 Times 29 Mar. 10/6 The coast platform and Continental shelf lying off the Norwegian coast. 1913 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 21 525 The mode of formation keeps the face of the shelf within a certain distance from the sea-surface. 1913 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 21 525 The shelf zone is..a biologic horizon of the first importance. 1934 C. R. Longwell et al. Outl. Physical Geol. vii. 125 The shelf beyond the long-quiescent Atlantic coast of North America is 60 to 80 miles wide off the Carolinas. 1964 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 2 61 The temperature minimum at 150m may be formed, in part, by mixing of winter Bering Sea water with shelf water. 1978 Friedman & Sanders Princ. Sedimentol. xii. 360/2 (caption) Shelf lagoon between margin of a continental block and a reef tract that is situated at the edge of the continental mass. 6. Mining and Geology. Bed-rock: see quots. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > [noun] > bedrock shelf1671 stone-head1708 rock1719 rock bed1794 rock-bottom1797 rock-head1820 bed-rock1850 reef1869 the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > bed rock shelf1671 reef1869 1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2096 The uppermost surface of Mineral Veins or hoads..which is termed by the Miners, the Shelf, Fast Countrey or Ground that was never moved in the Flood. 1839 H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall xiii. 398 We find these pebbles at the base of the whole, resting upon the subjacent rock, commonly termed the shelf. 1852 Nicolay in Man. Geog. Sci. i. 420 Low rocks lying horizontally, especially when laminated, are called Shelves. 1880 D. C. Davies Treat. Metallif. Minerals & Mining 421 Shelf, the uppermost broken surface of the rock under driftal matter. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. ΚΠ 1548 Accts. St. John's Hosp., Canterbury (Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-U13/4) In the kechynne a shelf bourde. shelf-bracket n. ΚΠ 1859 F. S. Cooper Ironmongers' Catal. 10 Shelf Brackets. shelf-load n. ΚΠ 1950 G. Greene in C. Dickens Oliver Twist (new ed.) Introd. p. vii We must forget that long shelf-load of books. 1980 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Mar. 177/2 Spend how much money you will, apply ten shelf loads of regulations, there is no way of promising that there is no risk of failure. shelf-occupant n. ΚΠ 1878 R. Browning Poets Croisic i. lvi That and my other rare shelf-occupants. shelf-press n. ΚΠ 1898 S. R. Crockett Standard Bearer v The little shelf-press rudely constructed in the wall of four blocks of stone split into faces. shelf room n. ΚΠ 1882 H. Bradshaw in Trans. Libr. Assoc. (1884) 237 They [sc. volumes of periodical publications] await better times, when we can afford them proper shelf-room. 1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. II at Kittiwake It seems never to breed but on the side of a cliff, and there shelf-room is all it needs. shelf space n. ΚΠ 1954 W. K. Hancock Country & Calling iii. 95 It became my fate to struggle with a brute documentary mass that has to be measured in miles of shelf-space. 1978 J. Irving World according to Garp ii. 28 Her books…outgrew the shelf space. b. shelf-like adj. ΚΠ 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick iii. 13 On one side stood a long, low, shelf-like table covered with cracked glass cases, filled with dusty rarities. 1962 Science Survey 11 178 The inner membrane whose shelf-like folds protrude into the interior of the organelle. C2. shelf appeal n. the attractiveness to a customer of packaged goods displayed in a shop. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > article(s) to be sold > [noun] > public impression or attractiveness of product shelf appeal1933 brand-image1958 1933 Shelf Appeal July 3 (heading) Shelf Appeal. A monthly publication devoted to the planning, designing, manufacturing & display of the package. 1963 B.S.I. News Apr. 20/1 The ‘shelf-appeal’ pack designed to catch the eye of the ordinary shopper. 1964 Times Rev. Industry Feb. 23/1 With the post-war swing to more branded goods, self-service, enhanced hygiene and the need for ‘shelf-appeal’, the demand for more and better packaging has expanded fast. shelf back n. U.S. the spine of a book. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > parts of book > [noun] > back dorsea1641 back1863 spine1922 shelf back1925 1925 J. A. Holden Bookman's Gloss. 97 Shelf-back, the back of a book, on which the title is lettered. 1931 Publishers' Weekly 9 May 2322 It..is strongly bound and has the name of the periodical stamped in gold on cover and shelfback. 1960 G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 375/1 Shelf back, the spine of a book. shelf-catalogue n. a short-title catalogue of the books in a library arranged according to their location on the shelves and consequently according to their class or subject. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > list of books in library or libraries > types of library list or catalogue curating book1697 card catalogue1853 title catalogue1875 form-catalogue1876 shelf-catalogue1882 sheaf catalogue1902 shelf-list1910 1882 H. Bradshaw in Trans. Libr. Assoc. (1884) 233 He enters the title briefly in the shelf-catalogue (or class-catalogue as we call it in Cambridge). shelf cod n. cod found in inshore waters above the continental shelf. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Gadiformes (cod) > [noun] > family Gadidae > genus Gadus > gadus morhua (common cod) > defined by habitat rock cod1634 red coda1705 rock codfish1796 school cod1814 shoal-cod1836 shelf cod1935 1935 ‘L. Luard’ Conquering Seas 37 Cod... Shelf Cod. 1976 Eastern Evening News (Norwich) 9 Dec. 12/5 Grimsby fish. Poor supply, good demand; six boats landed 1917 kit. Shelf cod £4 to £5. shelf-furnace n. a continuous fine-ore furnace with inclined shelving for the reduction of mercury ores. ΚΠ 1887 J. A. Phillips & H. Bauerman Elem. Metallurgy 553 The Hasenclever-Helbig shelf-furnace, in which a series of inclined shelves, placed on the opposite walls of a vertical shaft, retard the descent of a column of somewhat finely divided ore. shelf furniture n. (see furniture n. 7b). ΚΠ 1922 M. Sadleir Excurs. Victorian Bibliogr. 4 The obtaining of shelf furniture in original cloth is a matter of much seeking and of progress measured in fractions of an inch. shelf ice n. [translating German schelfeis (O. Nordenskjöld 1908, in Zeitschr. der Ges. f. Erdkunde zu Berlin XLIII. 618, following suggestion of A. Penck)] ice which forms a thick level layer on water (usually the sea) but is attached to land. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > [noun] > frozen surface of body of water iceeOE fast ice1609 main ice1853 shelf ice1910 1910 Geogr. Jrnl. 35 726 To this ice formed in situ out of snow accumulations in the sea Nordenskiöld gives the name ‘shelf-ice’. 1938 Geogr. Jrnl. 91 511 Of all the glacial features in this region, perhaps the greatest interest attaches to the shelf-ice filling King George VI Sound. 1977 New Yorker 20 June 55/1 The river's edges are lined with ice that is stationary—‘shelf ice’, ‘shore ice’, the first to freeze at the start of winter and the last to go in spring. shelf life n. the length of time that a commodity may be stored without becoming unfit for use or consumption. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > article(s) to be sold > [noun] > stock > length of time commodity may be stored shelf life1927 1927 Manufacturing Confectioner Jan. 12 (heading) What is the shelf life of your hard candy? 1933 R. A. W. Watt et al. Applic. Cathode Ray Oscillograph i. 27 The batteries may..be of very small size; ‘shelf-life’ and loss through casual leakage..are more important than their actual load current. 1940 Austral. Jrnl. Dentistry 44 39 Either copper or copper and zinc must be present in the alloy if it is to possess a reasonable ‘shelf life’. 1956 Visible Packaging of Flour Confectionery (British Cellophane Ltd.) 3 For small fancy cakes a moistureproof heat-sealing wrap..should give a shelf-life of several days. 1969 Observer 26 Jan. 5/5 The shelf-life of donated blood is about 21 days. 1980 D. Francis Reflex viii. 99 Some photographic chemicals lose their power with age. Shelf life, and so on. shelf-list n. = shelf-catalogue n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > list of books in library or libraries > types of library list or catalogue curating book1697 card catalogue1853 title catalogue1875 form-catalogue1876 shelf-catalogue1882 sheaf catalogue1902 shelf-list1910 1910 A. E. Bostwick Amer. Public Libr. 171 The name ‘shelf list’ is sometimes improperly given to a class list. 1979 Amer. Notes & Queries June 166/2 Each volume of the shelflist is in four parts, viz., the classification schedule, the shelflist proper (showing shelf mark, author, title, place of publication, and date), the same items (excluding serials) in chronological order, and an author and title index. shelf-lister n. one who compiles shelf-lists. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > library or collection of books > librarian > [noun] > others who work in libraries book-boy1860 shelf-lister1927 shelver1952 1927 W. W. Bishop Pract. Handbk. Mod. Libr. Catal. (ed. 2) 21 The catalog room..should be..on the same floor with the order clerks, classifiers and shelf-listers. shelf-mark n. = press mark n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > library or collection of books > library, place, or institution > [noun] > press- or shelf-mark press mark1792 shelf-mark1842 call number1876 1842 Row's Hist. Kirk (Maitland Club) Introd. Notice 56 A very carefully written MS... Old shelf mark, W, 6, 30. 1889 H. B. Wheatley How to Catalogue 233 Printed books are moved and change their shelf-marks. shelf-mark v. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > library or collection of books > library, place, or institution > [verb (transitive)] > shelf-mark press-mark1877 shelf-mark1897 1897 Macray in Burnet Own Time Pref. 9 Two folio volumes, now shelf-marked as ‘Bodl. Add. D. 18, 19’. shelf-marking n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > library or collection of books > library, place, or institution > [noun] > press- or shelf-mark > shelf-marking shelf-marking1842 1842 Row's Hist. Kirk (Maitland Club) Introd. Notice 59 Another MS... The old shelf-marking A. 6, 7. shelf paper n. paper used for lining shelves. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > other types of paper India paper1721 whitey-brown1761 hot press1807 splash-paper1811 India proof1812 India paper proof1814 crinkled paper1820 pattern paper1849 powder paper1856 sheathing1859 chartaline1880 lining paper1880 Whatman1880 greaseproof paper1894 papyroxylin1894 shelf paper1895 corrugated paper1897 construction paper1902 Ingres paper1910 liner1921 cartolina1936 wood-free1966 1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 113/3 Shelf Paper, pinked in fancy designs, each sheet 8½ inches wide, 33 inches long. 1968 Listener 27 June 841/1 Kerouac types On the Road on a 120-foot roll of shelf paper but cannot get it published. shelf-piece n. = sense 3b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > other timbers supporting beams pointer1750 shelf-piece1830 shelf1845 beam-arm1850 fork-beam1850 hold-stanchion1867 1830 P. Hedderwick Treat. Marine Archit. 286 A stringer or shelf-piece bolted edge~ways to the clamp. 1860 H. Stuart Novice's or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 69 What do the beams rest upon? The shelf pieces, which extend all round the ship. shelf-plate n. an iron shelf below the water-line of an armoured ship to support the armour-plate and its backing. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > sheathing > armour-plating > shelf supporting armour shelf1865 shelf-plate1869 1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding ii. 20 Armour shelf-plates like those of the ‘Warrior’, which are immense angle-irons, in fact. shelf sea n. an expanse of sea overlying continental shelf. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > sea or ocean > region of sea or ocean > [noun] > continental shelf > sea overlying shelf sea1913 1913 T. C. Chamberlin in Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 21 523 The waters that rest upon these sea-shelves may be known conveniently as shelf-seas. 1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles ii. 21 Sediments laid down in deeper water..have a quite different faunal content from the shelf-sea deposits. shelf-warmer n. an article which is laid on the shelf instead of being put to some use. ΚΠ 1927 Daily Express 24 Nov. 9 Thousands of women's shoes,..which women do not take a fancy to, which therefore become ‘shelf-warmers’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). shelfn.2 1. a. A sandbank in the sea or river rendering the water shallow and dangerous. Also loosely applied to a submerged ledge of rock.Very common till c1750. See also shelve n.1 ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > shallow place shoal839 shoala1400 bank?1473 undeep1513 shelf1545 flat1550 vadea1552 ford1563 shallow1571 shoaling1574 ebbs1577 shelve1582 bridge1624 ballow1677 shamble1769 sharp1776 poling ground1901 sea-shoal1903 1545 T. Elyot Bibliotheca (new ed.) Syrtes, quycke sandes or shelfes [1538 shelpes] in the water made by the dryfte of sande or grauell. 1571 Act 13 Eliz. c. 18 §5 The Shyriffes..shall..after that the said newe Cut shalbe made..cause the same..to be..clensed of all the Shelfes and Shallowes. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1129/1 A place by the sea side, all of hard stone and pibble, called in those parts [i.e. Suffolk] a shelfe. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 138 Before the Rode of Margat lie the dangerous shelfes or flats of sand, whereof the greatest is called Goodwin sand. 1651 W. Davenant Gondibert Pref. 19 Coasting Mapps, where the Shelves and Rocks are describ'd as well as the safe Channell. 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. liv Deepening the River of Thames, and removing Shelfes therein. 1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck iii. 50 A shore where shelves and hidden rocks abound. 1791 Selby Bridge Act 3 To remove any shelves, or other obstructions, in the said river. 1802 Brooke's Gazetteer (ed. 12) at Ladoga Quicksands, which..cause several shelves which often prove fatal to the flat-bottomed vessels of the Russians. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 34 The every way external stream that now through shoal and shelf Floats it onward. b. figurative and in figurative context. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > instance or cause of > hidden pitfallc1390 wevet1499 a pad in the straw1530 shelf1560 trapfall1596 snake1611 trapdoor1648 mantrap1798 death-trap1828 nigger in the woodpile1852 —— in the woodpile1857 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries Pref. sig. Aiiiiv Whan I somtime doubted and sticked fast on the rockes and shelues. 1574 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Familiar Epist. 299 Ther is in loue after it is begon, infinit shelues, immesurable sloughes, daungerous rockes. 1604 W. Alexander Crœsus ii. ii This self-conceit is a most dangerous shelfe. 1612 W. Alexander Elegie Death Prince Henrie 9 Though generall be the losse, one shelfe confounding quyte, The King's chiefe joy, the kingdomes hope, and all the worlds delight. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iv. 1288 Till i' th' end his pelfe Shipwracks his soule vpon hels rocky shelfe. 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila sig. A4 To divert thee therefore from such Shelves of indiscreet Vice. 1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 269 Yes—ye are conscious; and on all the shelves Your pupils strike upon, have struck yourselves. View more context for this quotation ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > mollusc or shell-fish > breeding or spawning > breeding ground of shelves of margaritesa1592 a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. A4 Her teeth are shelues of pretious Margarites, Richly enclosed with ruddie curroll cleues. 1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse i. i. 100 I'll fetch from Albia shelves of margarites. 1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night G 2 b Great glaring eyes that had whole shelues of Kentish oysters in them. CompoundsΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > [adjective] > shallow shoal839 shoala1400 sheld1507 shelfy1576 shelvy1602 shoaly1612 shelf-spoiled1627 shallowy1890 1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) ix. Q 8 A shelfe-spoil'd sea. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shelfn.3 dialect. (Devon and Cornwall.) (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > metamorphic rock > [noun] > slate slate-stone1392 slat1605 slate1653 shindle1669 shiffer1683 shelf1849 shale-stone1880 1602 [implied in: R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 20 The tillable fields are in some places..so shelfie, that the Corne hath much adoe to fasten his roote. (at shelfy adj.3)]. 1669 [implied in: J. Flavell Husbandry Spiritualized i. vii. 70 Sometimes this Plow thin, shelfy ground doth turn. (at shelfy adj.3)]. 1753 [implied in: Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Sea-sand It is sometimes composed of shelly matter alone; but sometimes it is made up partly of this, and partly of broken stones: in this last case it is called shelfy sand. (at shelfy adj.3)]. 1778 [implied in: W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 74 The Slate, or Shelfy-stone, is always uppermost next the loamy soil. (at shelfy adj.3)]. 1849 Ecclesiologist 9 288 (note) Shilf means broken slate, in small pieces, such as is used for mending roads in parts of Cornwall. 1891 R. P. Chope Dial. Hartland, Devonshire Shelf, soft slaty rock. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2021). shelfv.1 Obsolete. rare. transitive. ? To ruin. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to undoc950 shendOE forfarea1000 endc1000 to do awayOE aquenchc1175 slayc1175 slayc1175 stathea1200 tinea1300 to-spilla1300 batec1300 bleschea1325 honisha1325 leesea1325 wastec1325 stanch1338 corrumpa1340 destroy1340 to put awayc1350 dissolvec1374 supplanta1382 to-shend1382 aneantizec1384 avoidc1384 to put outa1398 beshenda1400 swelta1400 amortizec1405 distract1413 consumec1425 shelfc1425 abroge1427 downthringc1430 kill1435 poisonc1450 defeat1474 perish1509 to blow away1523 abrogatea1529 to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529 dash?1529 to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531 put in the pot1531 wipea1538 extermine1539 fatec1540 peppera1550 disappoint1563 to put (also set) beside the saddle1563 to cut the throat of1565 to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568 to make a hand of (also on, with)1569 demolish1570 to break the neck of1576 to make shipwreck of1577 spoil1578 to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579 cipher1589 ruinate1590 to cut off by the shins1592 shipwreck1599 exterminate1605 finish1611 damnify1612 ravel1614 braina1616 stagger1629 unrivet1630 consummate1634 pulverizea1640 baffle1649 devil1652 to blow up1660 feague1668 shatter1683 cook1708 to die away1748 to prove fatal (to)1759 to knock up1764 to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834 to put the kibosh on1834 to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835 kibosh1841 to chaw up1843 cooper1851 to jack up1870 scuttle1888 to bugger up1891 jigger1895 torpedo1895 on the fritz1900 to put paid to1901 rot1908 down and out1916 scuppera1918 to put the skids under1918 stonker1919 liquidate1924 to screw up1933 cruel1934 to dig the grave of1934 pox1935 blow1936 to hit for six1937 to piss up1937 to dust off1938 zap1976 c1425 Cast. Persev. 1070 in Macro Plays Euery man þou schalt schende & schelfe, & holde no man betyr þanne þi selfe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † shelfv.2 Obsolete. transitive. To cast on a shelf or sandbank. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > render motionless > by sticky substance gluea1387 clag1526 clog1526 shelf1652 beboga1661 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila i. lxxx. 11 Such Saints high Tides n'ere ebbe so low, to shelf Them on the Quicksand of their self-Swallowing Corruption. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021). shelfv.3 1. transitive. To lay on the shelf, shelve. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > removal from office or authority > remove from office or authority [verb (transitive)] outOE deposec1300 remuec1325 to put out1344 to set downc1369 deprivec1374 outputa1382 removea1382 to throw outa1382 to put downc1384 privea1387 to set adowna1387 to put out of ——?a1400 amovec1425 disappoint1434 unmakec1475 dismiss1477 dispoint1483 voidc1503 to set or put beside (or besides) the cushion1546 relieve1549 cass1550 displace1553 unauthorize1554 to wring out1560 seclude1572 eject1576 dispost1577 decass1579 overboard1585 cast1587 sequester1587 to put to grass1589 cashier1592 discompose1599 abdicate1610 unseat1611 dismount1612 disoffice1627 to take off1642 unchair1645 destitute1653 lift1659 resign1674 quietus1688 superannuate1692 derange1796 shelve1812 shelf1819 Stellenbosch1900 defenestrate1917 axe1922 retire1961 the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > ignoring, disregard > ignore, disregard [verb (transitive)] > dismiss from consideration to put out of ——a1250 to lay awaya1400 to set asidec1407 to lay by1439 to lay asidec1440 to let (something) walkc1450 to set apart?1473 reject1490 seclude?1531 to let go1535 to put offc1540 to set by1592 sepose1593 to think away1620 to look over ——a1640 prescind1650 seposit1657 decognize1659 inconsider1697 to set over1701 shelf1819 sink1820 shelve1847 eliminate1848 to count out1854 discounta1856 defenestrate1917 neg1987 1819 W. Scott Drama in Encycl. Brit.: Suppl. 4th–6th Eds. III. ii. 670/2 He is too often retained for the mere purpose of being laid aside or shelfed, as it is technically called. 1832 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) II. 285 Trills.., and bravuras, will be shelfed with Mandane's hoop and Alexander's wig. 1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies viii. 301 Blind brigadiers shelfed as principals of colleges. 2. Australian slang. To inform upon. Cf. shelf n.1 4. ΚΠ 1953 K. Tennant Joyful Condemned xi. 96 Central has only to lamp you coming in here, and we all go up. Jimmy here shelfed me before. 1958 V. Kelly Greedy Ones 104 We were mates in this affair and you don't shelf your mates. And anyone who does shelf a mate has got to take what's coming to him. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1c1405n.21545n.31602v.1c1425v.21652v.31819 |
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