† bittemn.

Forms: early Old English bythne, Old English bytne, Old English byðme, Old English–early Middle English bytme, Middle English betme, Middle English butheme, Middle English butme, Middle English butteme, Middle English buttine.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation.

Etymology: < the same base as Old English botm bottom n., with i-mutation caused by the stem-forming suffix (jōn -stem). In later use probably apprehended as a variant of bottom n.The Old English forms bythne, byðme, with dental fricative rather than plosive, probably show Mercian influence; forms with -n- rather than -m- are perhaps the result of assimilation within the consonant group (if the variant in -n- is not inherited). Compare discussion at bottom n. and adj. Quot. lOE at sense 2 is from a late copy of a charter of c900. Early currency in this sense is also implied by the place name Bitham, Lincolnshire (1086; also Bytham (12th cent. in a copy of a will of a1069); now Bytham). The word is also common as a field name or element in field names in the Middle English period, typically with reference to damp or wet valley floors. Late attestations in this use could perhaps indicate continuing currency of the word after the 14th cent., as e.g. Holebytymhill, Middlesex (1426), Le Byttemfeld, Worcestershire (1456), Betme, Kent (1461).

Obsolete.

1. The keel or lower part of a ship's hull; = bottom n. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel

bittemeOE

bottomOE

keel1352

quiell1582

main keel1769

kelson1831

eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 28/1 Carina, bythne.

OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 10 July (2013) 136 Hi sæton ufan on ðæm [wætere] swa swa scipes byðme[OE Corpus Cambr. 196 bytme deð] þonne hit fleoteð on streame.

1294–5 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 34 Pro duobus lingnis ad faciendum le butme xlij.s.

1347–50 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 35 En deux betmepieces as ditz deux escomers pris xxx s.

2. The bottom or lowest part of a valley. Cf. bottom n. 7a.In quots. 1327, 1338 in surnames.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > part of

bittemlOE

rakelOE

becka1642

axis1830

thalweg1831

sole1880

lOE Charter: Ceolwynn to Familia of Winchester Cathedral (Sawyer 1513) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 32 Þonon on oþerne micelne stan on þam wege middan on þære denæ bytnan þe ligged utt on Woddes geat.

c1200 ( Bounds (Sawyer 115) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1885) I. 320 Of achylle innon ðere bytme, of þere bytme in foss.

1327 in G. Kristensson Surv. Middle Eng. Dial. (1987) 91 [Surname, Staffordshire] del Butheme.

1338 in M. T. Löfvenberg Stud. Middle Eng. Local Surnames (1942) 30 (MED) Agn. atte Buttine.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	bittem
释义	† bittemn. Forms: early Old English bythne, Old English bytne, Old English byðme, Old English–early Middle English bytme, Middle English betme, Middle English butheme, Middle English butme, Middle English butteme, Middle English buttine. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymology: < the same base as Old English botm bottom n., with i-mutation caused by the stem-forming suffix (jōn -stem). In later use probably apprehended as a variant of bottom n.The Old English forms bythne, byðme, with dental fricative rather than plosive, probably show Mercian influence; forms with -n- rather than -m- are perhaps the result of assimilation within the consonant group (if the variant in -n- is not inherited). Compare discussion at bottom n. and adj. Quot. lOE at sense 2 is from a late copy of a charter of c900. Early currency in this sense is also implied by the place name Bitham, Lincolnshire (1086; also Bytham (12th cent. in a copy of a will of a1069); now Bytham). The word is also common as a field name or element in field names in the Middle English period, typically with reference to damp or wet valley floors. Late attestations in this use could perhaps indicate continuing currency of the word after the 14th cent., as e.g. Holebytymhill, Middlesex (1426), Le Byttemfeld, Worcestershire (1456), Betme, Kent (1461). Obsolete. 1. The keel or lower part of a ship's hull; = bottom n. 4a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > bottom or part under water > [noun] > keel and kelson > keel bittemeOE bottomOE keel1352 quiell1582 main keel1769 kelson1831 eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 28/1 Carina, bythne. OE Old Eng. Martyrol. (Julius) 10 July (2013) 136 Hi sæton ufan on ðæm [wætere] swa swa scipes byðme[OE Corpus Cambr. 196 bytme deð] þonne hit fleoteð on streame. 1294–5 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 34 Pro duobus lingnis ad faciendum le butme xlij.s. 1347–50 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 35 En deux betmepieces as ditz deux escomers pris xxx s. 2. The bottom or lowest part of a valley. Cf. bottom n. 7a.In quots. 1327, 1338 in surnames. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun] > part of bittemlOE rakelOE becka1642 axis1830 thalweg1831 sole1880 lOE Charter: Ceolwynn to Familia of Winchester Cathedral (Sawyer 1513) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 32 Þonon on oþerne micelne stan on þam wege middan on þære denæ bytnan þe ligged utt on Woddes geat. c1200 ( Bounds (Sawyer 115) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1885) I. 320 Of achylle innon ðere bytme, of þere bytme in foss. 1327 in G. Kristensson Surv. Middle Eng. Dial. (1987) 91 [Surname, Staffordshire] del Butheme. 1338 in M. T. Löfvenberg Stud. Middle Eng. Local Surnames (1942) 30 (MED) Agn. atte Buttine. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.eOE
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