shedn.²

Brit.

/ʃɛd/, U.S.

/ʃɛd/

Forms: Middle English–1500s shadde, 1500s–1600s shad, 1600s shedde, 1700s sheed, 1600s–1800s dialect shade, 1500s– shed.

Etymology: apparently variant shade n., where compare the forms Old English sced , Middle English (Ayenb.) ssed(e , 15th cent. shad(de . The development of the senses explained below was probably more or less due to association with shud n. (now dialect, synonymous with this word).

a. A slight structure built for shelter or storage, or for use as a workshop, either attached as a lean-to to a permanent building or separate; often with open front or sides. The special purpose is indicated by a defining word prefixed, as cow-, cart-, goat-, tool-shed.

ΘΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > outhouse(s) > [noun]

little houseOE

outhouse1301

housingc1384

house of officec1405

officesa1422

easement?a1425

shed1457

outhousing1583

outbuilding1600

outroom1602

outoffice1630

office-house1632

out-hut1856

shedding1883

nushnik1945

1457 in R. Arnold Chron. (c1503) f. xxv/2 All thoo in the said cite..that ocupye houses not inhabited as shoppis Celars shaddys.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 11 A yerde..In whiche was a shadde [Du. een vaste schuere] where in were six grete dogges.

1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. C.iii^v For Tumbrels and cartes, haue a shed redy dight.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 51 A Fisherman of Yarmouth..hung the residue [of his draught of herrings]..in the sooty roofe of his shad a drying.

?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) ix. 314 Sheds [Gk. σηκοί] stuft with Lambs and Goates, distinctly kept.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 74 In such a season born when scarce a Shed Could be obtain'd to shelter him or me From the bleak air.

1701 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 517 Three small sheds built against the towne wall.

1723 London Gaz. No. 6146/8 The Shops and Sheds in and about Lincoln's-Inn.

1731 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1890) VIII. The building of a sheed in the Castle of York for the High Sheriffe's coach.

1798 Hull Advertiser 30 June 1/1 On the north side stands a work-house and a shade.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 223 The milch cows are generally fed in the house or in a shade.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 69 They withdrew to the stable, or shed, in order to accommodate their horses.

1870 Inq. Yorks. Deaf & Dumb 68 [Employed] in the power-loom shades..as a thrower.

1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 7/1 Behind this is a shed..where the cattle are kept before being slaughtered.

b. A similar structure, but large and strongly built; often consisting of a roof supported on columns. Also Australian and New Zealand, short for wool-shed n. at wool n. Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > outhouse(s) > [noun] > types of

skilling1389

haghouse1400

hovel1435

back shed1535

cot-house1606

boorachc1660

linhay1695

spring house1755

woodshed1764

cookhouse1802

tool-house1817

shed1855

drive shed1869

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > sheep-shearing > [noun] > shearing-shed

wool-shed1846

shed1855

shearing-shed1857

open shed1871

1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. (at cited word) Some sheds, as those connected with railway-termini, wharfs, &c., are most substantial structures.

1857 F. De B. Cooper Wild Adventures Austral. 105 He was bound for the shearing through New England. By this time, most likely, he has set in at some of the sheds on the Namoi.

1886 R. Kipling Among Railway Folk i, in Wks. (1900) XVII. 165 On the fourth [side] it is bounded by what are locally known as the ‘sheds’; in other words, the station, offices, and workshops of the Company.

1887 J. C. Harris Free Joe (1888) 254 The passenger-depôt..—it is known as the ‘Car-shed’ in Atlantese.

1893 H. Lawson Coll. Prose (1972) II. 24 Men tramping in search of a ‘shed’ are not called ‘sundowners’ or ‘swaggies’; they are ‘trav'lers’.

1911 C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling v. 50 They were rich men—shearers—probably making from one big shed to another.

1913 Times 3 May 8/2 Last night a disastrous fire broke out at the Trafalgar shed of the Midland Railway Company at Bradford.

1940 F. Sargeson Man & Wife (1944) 47 We got a job picking up fleeces in a big shed.

1955 G. Bowen Wool Away! (1956) 2 Good weather, good shed, good sheep, good boss, and a good gang create an atmosphere of work and action.

c. = hangar n. 2 ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > airfield or airport > [noun] > hangar

aerodrome1902

hangar1902

garage1909

shed1909

air shed1915

1909 Daily Chron. 3 Nov. 1/6 They have been watching the great shed gradually nearing completion.., and have been eagerly awaiting the advent of the airship.

1916 H. Barber Aeroplane Speaks 27 The Aeroplane is wheeled out of its shed on to the greensward of the Military Aerodrome.

a. poetic. A hut, cottage, poor dwelling.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun]

hulka1000

boothc1200

hull?c1225

lodge1290

hottea1325

holetc1380

tavern1382

scalea1400

schura1400

tugury1412

donjon?a1439

cabinc1440

coshc1490

cabinet1579

bully1598

crib1600

shed1600

hut1637

hovela1640

boorachc1660

barrack1686

bothy1750

corf1770

rancho1819

shanty1820

kraal1832

shelty1834

shackle1835

mia-mia1837

wickiup1838

caboose1839

chantier1849

hangar1852

caban1866

shebang1867

humpy1873

shack1878

hale1885

bach1927

jhuggi1927

favela1961

hokkie1973

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne ii. lviii. 31 The first Aletes, borne in lowly shed, Of parents base.

1637 J. Milton Comus 12 Courtesie, Which oft is sooner found in lowly sheds With smoakie rafters, then in tapstrie halls.

1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Baucis & Philemon 30 At last an hospitable House they found, A homely Shed.

1751 T. Gray Elegy v. 6 The swallow twitt'ring from the straw-built shed.

1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 10 He..Sees no contiguous palace rear its head To shame the meanness of his humble shed.

1783 G. Crabbe Village i. 5 Can poets sooth you, when you pine for bread, By winding myrtles round your ruin'd shed?

b. gen. A structure that affords shelter or covering; the hiding place, lair or nest of an animal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter

burrow1577

sheltera1616

shed1616

abri1761

awning1826

the world > animals > by habitat > habitat > [noun] > dwelling place or shelter

houseOE

denOE

holdc1275

lying-placea1382

coucha1398

homea1398

logis1477

starting-hole1530

cabbage1567

lodge1567

lair1575

lay1590

squat1590

hover1602

denning1622

start-holea1641

bed1694

niche1725

shed1821

lying1834

basking-hole1856

lie1869

homesite1882

holt1890

lying-ground1895

1616 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 122 We had greate canes of the China Capt. to make an arbor or shed for a vyne.

a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 40 I here doe lye, Without a shed scorch'd with a swelt'ring skye.

1695 W. Congreve Love for Love Epil. sig. a3^v For still in every Storm, they all run hither, As to a Shed, that shields 'em from the Weather.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 121 The fields and meadow grass Will gladly hide their [the peewits'] careless shed.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 196 The scouting rabbit seeks her shed.

3. A covering; cf. shade n. 11.

†a. ? A lid.

ΘΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > closure for a vessel, tube, etc. > lid

lidc1000

coverclec1384

lampc1386

cover1459

covertil1463

coverturea1475

covering1479

cure1502

shed1612

bred1808

top1958

1612 in Antiquary (1906) XLII. 29/1 Item in the lofte nexte the gatehouse a Troughe, a Tubbe with a Shed, a boultinge hutche [etc.].

b. In a telegraph-line insulator, a covering in the form of an inverted cup, a ‘petticoat’.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > [noun] > line > insulators

shackle1852

shed1852

1852 Brit. Patent 13,938 (1857) 7 In the ordinary plan of insulation it has been usual to employ sheds, roofs, or inverted bell insulators.

1910 Hawkins' Electr. Dict. Shed of Insulator, the petticoat of a line wire insulator.

4. [By analogy with barn n. d] In nuclear physics, a proposed unit of area of nuclear cross-section equal to 10⁻²⁴ barn (10⁻⁴⁸ cm.²).The unit is impracticably small and appears to have had minimal use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > apparent area of > unit measuring > smallest

shed1956

1956 W. C. Michels et al. Internat. Dict. Physics & Electronics 820/2 Shed, a unit of nuclear cross section equal to 10⁻²⁴ barn or 10⁻⁴⁸ square centimetre.

1965 Guinness Bk. Records (ed. 12) 80 The smallest unit of area is a ‘shed’, used in sub-atomic physics.

1968 F. Kertesz Lang. Nucl. Sci. (Oak Ridge Nat. Lab. TM 2367) 20 During the study of the neutrino, a much smaller surface was used in theoretical studies and the area 10⁻⁴⁴ cm²[sic] was quite logically named the shed; however, this latter name did not receive general acceptance.

1979 New Scientist 12 July 168/2 The Shed..seems to me to be less witty [than the barn].

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. (In sense 1b.)

shed-boss n.

1892 W. E. Swanton Notes on N.Z. ii. 97 Then there is the ‘shed boss’, who looks after everything, sees the sheep are shorn properly, takes the tally, looks after pressing etc.

1940 E. C. Studholme Te Waimate 110 In the early days the manager acted as shed-boss.

shed-hand n.

1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 229 The shed-hands and shearers were mostly Maoris.

1961 N.Z. Listener 26 May 8/1 The two shedhands played their unending game of poker.

shed-smithy n.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. iv. vi. 266 There, in their two hundred and fifty shed-smithies,..let them forge gun-barrels.

shed-fashion n.

1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 61 The roofs were made shed-fashion, rising from the inner side.

shed-wise adv.

1650 in Sussex Archaeol. Coll. (1872) 24 280 The said cottage and stable is built Shedwise against the Castle wall of Tymber and Mudd walles.

shed-like adj.

1835 R. Willis Remarks Archit. Middle Ages ix. 140 A long, low, shed-like porch.

1899 H. R. Haggard Farmer's Year 352 The kirk..is a very plain building, white-washed and shed-like in appearance.

shed-shaped adj.

a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) iii. 246 A shed-shaped tent will catch and reflect the heat like a Yankee-baker.

e. In sense ‘kept, employed, done in a shed’.

shed-cow n.

1898 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 9 415 When an outbreak occurs among a herd of shed-cows.

shed-feeding n.

1856 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. 841/1 In some trials of shed-feeding.

shed-man n.

1857 Househ. Words 27 June 605/1 At large stations they [the porters] form two distinct bodies, called technically yardmen and shedmen.

C2.

shed master n. one in charge of a locomotive shed (see quot. 1921).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > one in charge of locomotive shed

shed master1921

1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §700 Shed master, in charge of smaller locomotive shed than that supervised by shed superintendent.

1960 Times 2 Sept. 6/6 He should have sent a message to the shed~master.

1978 J. Blackburn Dead Man's Handle 8 How the shed-master had cursed when he heard the old steamer come clanking home with a fractured bearing.

shed roof n. a roof with only one slope (as in a lean-to shed); hence shed-roofed adj.

ΘΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > types of roof generally

vaulta1387

plat-roofa1425

pend1454

faunsere1460

compassed roofa1552

terrace1572

sotie1578

crown1588

arch-roof1594

arch1609

under-roof1611

concameration1644

voltoa1660

hip roof1663

French roof1669

oversail1673

jerkinhead1703

mansard1704

curb-roof1733

shed roof1736

gable roof1759

gambrel roof1761

living roof1792

pent roof1794

span-roof1823

wagon-head1823

azotea1824

rafter roof1825

rooflet1825

wagon-vault1835

bell-roof1842

spire-roof1842

cradle-roof1845

packsaddle roof1845

open roof1847

umbrella roof1847

gambrel1848

packsaddle1848

compass-roof1849

saddleback1849

saddle roof1850

curbed roof1866

wagon-roof1866

saw-tooth roof1900

trough roof1905

skillion roof1911

north-light roof1923

shell roof1954

green roof1984

knee-roof-

1736 in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1908) 3 45 The Shead Ruff of Cap^t Cressap's house.

1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 61 It is probably the best and cheapest method to make them with shed-roofs.

1817 in Hist. Coll. Essex Inst. (1866) VIII. 235 These [carriages] are..built like our mud-scows, with a shed roof over your head, looking like a floating ropewalk.

1850 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 5) I. 432 The body of a church is span-roofed and its aisles shed-roofed.

1904 T. Watson Bethany (1920) 8 Springing off from the main roof, other rafters reached downwards to rest upon outer plates—forming a shed-roof; the half of this, being closed in with planks, made a shed-room.

1907 M. C. F. Morris Nunburnholme 76 The chancel itself had a shed-roof of mean description.

1976 ‘O. Bleeck’ No Questions Asked xii. 130 Above the wall I caught a glimpse of a white-graveled, sloping shed roof.

shed-room n. U.S. a shed attached to a house and serving as a room.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [noun] > others

garden room1619

tablinum1715

garden apartment1751

piazza1773

turret-room1803

shed-room1843

hall-room1859

return room1869

mid-place1871

stoep-room1880

sun space1907

1843 Knickerbocker 21 304 I had in the morning secured a bed in a shed~room.

1877 Rep. Indian Affairs 40 A dwelling house for the sawyer..with shed-room, box style.

1889 Cent. Mag. Apr. 913/2 There Nanky placed her eye to a crack and peeped through into a tiny shed-room adjoining.

1932 H. Crane Let. ?Jan. (1965) 395 We've relegated him to the shed-room in back of the kitchen.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

shedv.¹

Brit.

/ʃɛd/, U.S.

/ʃɛd/

Forms: Past tense and participle shed. Forms: Old English sc(e)ádan, scédan, Middle English shode(n, scheode(n, Middle English scheade(n; Middle English Ormin shædenn, Middle English–1500s shede(n, Middle English ssede, Middle English schede(n, Middle English–1600s, 1700s–1800s dialect sheed(e, sched, Middle English scheed, Middle English–1500s schedde, 1500s Scottish schad, scheid, 1500s–1600s shedd(e, 1500s–1700s, 1800s dialect shead, 1700s dialect shade, Middle English– shed; 3rd person singular present indicative Old English -scǽt, -scát, -sceát, Middle English schet, Middle English shat. past tense Old English -scéd, -scēad, Middle English sad, Middle English–1500s sched; Old English sc(e)ádde (? scēadde), Middle English scedde, Middle English schedde, shadde, Middle English scede, chadde, Middle English ssedde, Middle English shed(d)e, schadde, Middle English scade, Middle English schad, shad, Middle English–1500s schede, shadd, 1500s Scottish s(c)hedd, schaid, 1500s–1600s shead, 1600s (1800s dialect) shodd, shod, Middle English– shed; Old English sceádade, Middle English schedide, Middle English scheded, Middle English scheddet, Middle English–1500s scheddit, 1800s dialect shedded, sheaded. past participle Old English sceáden (? scēaden), Middle English sceden, Middle English scheden, scede, Middle English schede, shede; Middle English sced(d, i-sced, sad(d, Middle English (Ormin), Middle English shadd, Middle English shad (Middle English yshad), Middle English i-schod, y-ssed, Middle English schad, yshed, yschad, Middle English xad; Middle English–1500s sched (Middle English schedd, isched, Middle English isedd, yssed, Middle English shadde, Middle English–1500s shedde, 1500s Scottish scheid, Middle English, 1500s Scottish schedde (Middle English yschedde), 1800s dialect shod, shud, Middle English– shed; Old English gesceádad, Middle English–1500s shedded, 1500s sheeded.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: A Common Germanic verb (wanting in Scandinavian), originally strong (reduplicated): Old English sc(e)ádan , scēadan , past tense sc(e)ád , scēad , past participle sc(e)áden (? scēaden ), corresponds to Old Frisian skêda , skêtha weak (modern Frisian skiede , schêde , North Frisian skêr , skial , skias ), Old Saxon skêdan , skêthan , past participle giskêthan , Middle Low German schêden , scheiden , Middle Dutch schêden , scheiden , schêen , scheien (modern Dutch scheiden , past tense scheidde , past participle geschieden ), Old High German sceidan , past tense sciad , scied , past participle gisceidan (Middle High German scheiden , past tense schiet , past participle gescheiden ; modern German scheiden , past tense schied , past participle geschieden ), Gothic skaidan , past participle skaidan-s ; the verb in all these languages has the sense to separate, divide; the forms represent two distinct types of the Germanic root, *skaiþ- (: *skῑþ- ) and *skaiđ- (: *skῑđ- ); for cognates in Germanic see sheath n.¹, shide n. The pre-Germanic *skeit-: *skoit-: *skῑt-, from which both the Germanic types descend (with difference due to consonant-ablaut), is not directly represented outside Germanic, but is probably related to the widespread Indogermanic root *sk(h)eid-: *sk(h)oid-: *sk(h)id-, occurring, e.g., in Sanskrit čhid- to split, Lithuanian skëdżù I make thin, separate, divide, skëda chip of wood, Greek σχίζειν to split, σχίζα billet of wood, Latin scindĕre to cut, cleave.The original Old English sc(e)ádan would normally yield (midland and southern) Middle English and modern English shode, which is occasionally found in writings from the 12th to the 15th cent. It would appear that by the side of the original form Old English had (presumably in certain districts, but evidence is lacking for localization) an altered form scēadan, with change of rising into falling diphthong; from this the modern shed/ʃɛd/ descends by a development parallel to that of bread, dead, < Old English bréad, déad. The Old English verb retained its strong conjugation in West Saxon, but in Northumbrian occurs only as weak (usually with forms -scēadade, -scēadad on the analogy of the ō stems; rarely contracted scēadde). In early Middle English there were forms like sched past tense, scheden past participle, representing the original strong conjugation; forms like schedid, representing the weak forms of Old English; and forms like schĕdde, schĕdd, probably not representing Old Northumbrian scēadde, but new formations due to the analogy of verbs like rede (read), lede (lead), etc. The modern past tense and participle shed are probably to be regarded as representing the last type of conjugation, which was by far the most frequent in Middle English.

a. transitive. To separate, divide. Now only dialect, chiefly in farming uses: To separate (lambs) from the ewes, or (calves) from the cows; to separate (cattle, sheep) from the herd or flock. †to shed the shanks (Scottish): to set the legs apart.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)]

to-twemec893

sunderOE

asunderOE

shedOE

dealOE

shill1049

skillc1175

to-twinc1175

twinc1230

disseverc1250

depart1297

slita1300

to-throwc1315

parta1325

drevec1325

devisec1330

dividec1374

sever1382

unknit?a1425

divorce1430

separea1450

separate?a1475

untine1496

to put apart1530

discussa1542

deceper1547

disseparate1550

apart1563

unjoint1565

shoal1571

divisionatea1586

single1587

dispart1590

descide1598

disassociate1598

distract1600

dissolve1605

discriminate1615

dissociate1623

discerpa1628

discind1640

dissunder1642

distinguish1648

severize1649

unstring1674

skaila1833

cleave1873

dirempt1885

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate or isolate [verb (transitive)]

shedOE

depart1297

externec1420

deforce1430

sequesterc1430

enstrange1483

estrange1523

separate1526

alienate1534

segregate1542

foreign1598

excommunicate1602

stranger1608

dissociate1623

discorporate1695

disincorporate1701

atomize1895

twine1895

ghetto1936

the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (intransitive)] > legs

striddle1530

to shed the shanksc1553

straddle1565

stroddle1607

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > cut out

ride1790

shed1791

shoot1824

to run off1861

to cut out1862

cut1903

OE Soul & Body I 145 Forðan ðu ne þearft scearmian, þonne sceadene beoþ þa synfullan ond þa soðfæstan on þam mæran dæge, þæs ðu ne geafe.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16865 & forr þi wass þatt name hemm [sc. the Pharisees] sett Forr þatt teȝȝ wærenn shadde. Swa summ hemm þuhhte. fra þe follc. Þurrh haliȝ lif. & lare.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 67 Ure louerd ihesu crist..shodeð þe gode fro þe iuele. Et statuet oues a dextris..and shodeð þe rihtwise an his rihthalue.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 199 Þe ȝetewart..ach to windwe hweate. schade þe eilen & þe chef from þe cleane cornes.

c1315 Shoreham iii. 63 Þat doþ þat manye yschoded [altered to y-schodred] ben Fram heuene-ryche festes.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 266 Quan al man-kinde..Sal ben fro dede to liue brogt, And seli sad fro ðe forwrogt.

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 174 He salle sched vs o sonder, fro Acres salle we go.

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 305 Þer scheltron sone was shad [Langt. sevré] with Inglis þat were gode.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 136 Logique hath eke in his degre Betwen the trouthe and the falshode The pleine wordes forto schode, So that nothing schal go biside.

a1400 Relig. Pieces (E.E.T.S.) 61 The sonne to schede þe day fra þe nyght.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 77 Wallace mycht nocht a graith straik on him get. Ȝeit schede he thaim; a full royd slope was maid.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 15 Schulderis wer schorne and sched the bodie fra.

c1553 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xi. 28 God..myndeth now to..shede out the Gootes from the Shepe.

c1560 A. Scott Ballad Wanton Wemen in Poems 30 For conȝie ȝe may chawcht hir To sched hir schankis in twane.

1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. i. f. 60 The mighty river Gyndes being in this sort shed and derived into .360. brookes.

1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 994, in Wks. (1931) I. 172 Iudge ȝe gif he hir schankis shed.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. xxv. 234 In the view and account taken of the captives there were some of them known to be Tusculanes, who were shed apart from the rest.

1677 W. Nicolson Gloss. Cumbrian Dial. in Trans. Royal Soc. Lit. (1870) 9 318 Shed, to part asunder.

1791 J. Learmont Poems Pastoral 276 I've lambs to shed, and sheep a clipping too.

1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 425 Shed, to separate; to separate the calves from the cows, we shed them.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 87 The sheep selected for market are the best conditioned at the time, and to ascertain this it is necessary to handle the whole lot and shed the fattest from the rest.

1921 Kelso Chron. 26 Aug. 2 A better never lifted paw, To shed or wear off a stell.

1942 R. B. Kelley Animal Breeding xv. 140 The shepherd has to shed or separate these [marked sheep] from the flock of 20.

1949 Scots Mag. Sept. 463 Wicket-gates for ‘shedding’ the sheep into various pens.

1951 N. M. Gunn Well at World's End xvii. 131 Some evenings ago, I fell in with a shepherd. I had shed one of his ewes and ultimately run her into a corner.

1977 Field 13 Jan. 55/2 The shepherd guided the dog to cut out, or ‘shed’ the marked sheep.

1981 I. A. Gordon in N.Z. Listener 27 June 86 When you shed sheep they are out in the open.

absolute.1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 618 Those shepherds who dog, force, and shed much about a march, I consider them as bad herds for their masters as for the neighbouring farmer.

†b. To set apart, draft off from a community. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate or isolate [verb (transitive)] > draft off from a community

shed1584

1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. i. f. 54 They ioyned felowship with other their countreymen which before tyme were shed from the city to inhabite that place.

†c. reflexive. To separate oneself, part from; to come apart. Also (of troops) to scatter asunder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)] > part

shedc1175

dissever1488

diverta1575

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (reflexive)] > disband

shedc1175

dismand1598

disband1603

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (reflexive)] > separate from

shedc1175

sever1569

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)] > go away in all directions

shedc1400

scatter1535

sever1591

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (reflexive)]

sunderOE

sheda1578

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (reflexive)]

sheda1578

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3200 Forrþrihht anan he..shadde himm all þweorrtut fra menn.

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 7764 He schet aboute him fer & ner..The Gregeis offte In-sunder hem scheded.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 90 The new wark zeid frome the auld and sched the self.

†d. intransitive for reflexive. To separate, divide, come apart; to part company; to depart; to part with a possession. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > part or go away in different directions

dealc1000

shedc1000

twin?c1225

departc1290

to-go13..

parta1325

severc1375

disseverc1386

to part companya1400

discontinue1576

to fall apart1599

flya1677

separate1794

dispart1804

split1843

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)]

to-dealeOE

shedc1000

asunderOE

to-twemea1225

sunderc1225

twin?c1225

atwin?a1400

to make separationc1450

separe1490

twain15..

sever1545

unsever1609

spread1611

separate1638

disclaim1644

to come apart1764

to go separate ways1774

twine1886

the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > part with or let go

twinc1330

forbeara1400

twina1400

to depart withc1485

omit1531

to depart from1548

to leave hold1556

sunderc1600

impart1606

ungrasp1621

disfingera1652

shed1667

to leave go1776

unclutch1816

part1818

dispart with1820

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 116 Þonne dæg & niht scade, drince þonne þone drenc.

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (Rolls) 991 Þe Gregeys schadden sone asonder.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 411 Þow wost wel when þy perle con schede, I was ful ȝong & tender of age.

1572 L. Mascall tr. D. Brossard L'Art et Maniere de Semer v, in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 37 Ye shall binde it so, till the fruites or cliftes be couered..with your sayde hempe, except the oylet and his tayle, the which ye must not couer, for that tayle will shed apart, if the shielde doe take.

a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye iv. iii, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 548 Thou showldest foresee, that fagott sticks do hold, Together fast, and seldome list to shedd.

1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Hij^v Such was the loue, and reuerence they her bure, Ilk day whill euen, ay whill they shedd at night.

1603 Philotus lxxxix. sig. D2 Be Christ I sall thy nurture nip, Richt scharply or wee sched.

1667 Guthrie's Christian's Great Interest (ed. 4) 141 If thou hast a desire after Jesus Christ,..and canst not think of parting with his Blessed Company for ever; or if thou must shed with him, yet dost wish well to him [etc.].

2. transitive.

a. To part, or divide (the hair; also the hair or wool of an animal). Also reflexive of the person. Now Scottish and dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > parting > [verb (transitive)]

sheda1387

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 369 Þey used to schere of þe heere of hir heed from þe molde to þe nolle, but to fore þey hadde lokkes i-schod [β. ysched; L. discriminatam] hongynge doun to þe mouth.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 101 Bot with no craft of combes brode Thei myhte hire hore lockes schode.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18848 Metli har was on his chin, And als his hefd was scheud [Gött. sched] in tuin.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Judith x. 3 Sche schedide [1382 platte] the heer of hir heed.

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. lxxiv. 103 I loue better..to keembe myn hed, to shode me [Fr. grauer mon chef].

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxii Than take hym & shede the wole with thy fyngers there as the scabbe is, and with thy fynger lay a lytell terre therupon.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 717/1 Shede your heare that hangeth so yvell favouredly aboute your eares.

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. C viij b A fellowe lyke a man..red hedded, curld rounde about & shedded afore.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 411 Make a salue thereof, and with your finger annoint all the sore places, sheading the haire as you go.

1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iv. vii. 206 The Combe is..of most vse with women for shedding and trimming their haire and head-tires.

1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis vi. 111 Her haire She forthwith sheds.

1822 A. Cunningham Trad. Tales I. 275 He shed back his long and moistened locks from a burning and bewildered brow.

1832 W. Motherwell Poems 41 Let me shed by your hair.

1844 A. Rodger in D. Robertson Songs for Nursery 44/2 Let me shed your shining hair.

1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. 595 He was of goodly great stature, with..hair shed..and hanging down from the midst in tresses.

intransitive for reflexive.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1690 Faxe fyltered..Þat schad fro his schulderes to his schyre wykes.

b. Weaving. To divide (the warp-threads), to make a ‘shed’ in (a web). Cf. shed n.¹ 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > weave > processes involved in

reed1812

skewera1834

shed1839

float1878

fill1889

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1285 The weaver..thus sheds the warp, by lifting and depressing each alternate thread.

1863 J. Watson Theory & Pract. Weaving 196 It has been explained how a common Web is shedded, and a few words will show the difference for the shedding in this loom.

†3.

a. To cleave, divide (something) with a knife, weapon, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > division by cutting > divide by cutting [verb (transitive)]

cutc1300

shed13..

tamec1400

to-carvec1400

discidea1513

share?1566

shred?1566

dissect1608

slit1638

disecta1690

sned1889

13.. K. Alis. 2772 Ac, ar the gate weore y-loke, Mony ponne was to-broke;..And mony brayn was y-schad.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 425 Þe scharp of þe schalk..scade hit in twynne.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bv Ane schene scheild & ane schaft that scharply was sched.

†b. transferred. Of birds, fishes: To ‘cleave’ (the air, the water) in flight or swimming. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > [verb (transitive)] > cleave the water in swimming

shed?a1500

the world > animals > birds > flight > [verb (transitive)] > cleave the air

shed?a1500

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Preaching of Swallow l. 1667 in Poems (1981) 66 The foulis..Scheddand the air with pennis grit and small.

1599 A. Hume Hymnes sig. C2 The little friand fish in flude, and dentie volatil, Quhilks shedds the waters, & the winds, he traps them at his wil.

†4.

a. To scatter, sprinkle; in later use only, to sow (seed). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter broadcast

shedc1000

sprengeOE

discatterc1330

shatterc1330

sowa1387

spilla1400

shadec1425

sparklec1440

scatter?c1450

distribute?c1510

sparse?1550

to cast seed1577

bescatter1859

to sow, scatter, throw, etc. broadcast1874

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > sowing > sow seed [verb (transitive)]

sowc1000

besowc1175

inseminate1623

to put in1657

sprain1744

shed1770

to get in1771

seminate1796

broadcast1807

seed1814

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 38 Wiþ wyrmum on eagum genim beolonan sæd scead on gleda.

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) i. met. i. 4 Heeres hore ben schad [L. funduntur] ouertymelyche vpon myne heued.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxxviii. 9 He..shede the seed into the erthe.

1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 535 The seede which was shed the former yeere.

1633 P. Fletcher Piscatorie Eclogs v. ii. 28 in Purple Island That primrose there, Which 'mongst those violets sheds his golden hair, Seems the sunnes little sonne, fixt in his azure spheare.

1770 A. Hunter in A. Hunter et al. Georgical Ess. III. iii. 110 The drill-plow..which by..shedding the seed and covering it, leaves the land stocked with plants.

figurative.1414 26 Pol. Poems (1904) 58 Þan god wil..Drede and stryf among hem shede.

†b. To disperse, scatter; to rout, put to flight.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > drive away in all directions

to-driveOE

to-dreveOE

to-skairc1175

scattera1300

skaila1300

disparplea1325

sheda1325

discatterc1330

to-scattera1382

sparple1382

to-rusha1387

to-sparplea1387

deperpeyla1400

rat1402

sever1412

to-ratc1440

disparklec1449

scarkle1450

sparklea1470

disperse1503

shudderc1540

sparse1549

dissipate?c1550

to wap sindry1563

squander1622

rout1641

to feeze about1689

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 672 Ðat folc is wide on lon sad.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 493 Þere sche bode here knyȝtes þat were al i-sched.

a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 18 in Poems (1981) 111 The northin wind had purifyit the air And sched the mistie cloudis fra the sky.

1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xii. lxv. 175 His tail, whose folds were wont the starres to shed, Now stretcht at length, close to his belly clings.

c. dialect. To rake out (a fire).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning house > clean house or room [verb (transitive)] > clean out fire

skeer1673

skail1790

shed1873

1873 A. G. Murdoch Lilts on Doric Lyre 26 I had shed my fire, An' hame was ettlin' to retire.

d. To throw off, repel (rain, sunlight, etc.). Now chiefly dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel > rain, sunlight, etc.

shedc1400

shridec1400

c1400 Anturs of Arth. (Douce) ii Schurde in a short cloke, þat þe rayne shedes.

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) ii. lxii. 318 Neither must they be made as some are flat at the top, and shallow, but ascending pyramid wise, smaller and smaller till it come to the top, for thereby it..sheddeth off the raine much better.

1774 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 30 Aug. (1778) The elevation would shed off the rain, and prevent its lodging in the ears.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 69 But it sheds the sun weel aff.

1885 Harper's Mag. Apr. 796/2 As a shaggy dog sheds water from his coat.

1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 99 The straw has finally to be raked down on the outside, so as to shed rain well.

†e. reflexive and intransitive. To be dispersed, scatter. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter or be dispersed [verb (intransitive)]

scatterc1430

shedc1485

sprattlea1500

spirtle1725

squander1823

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away in all directions > be driven in all directions

to-flyc1000

to-drevea1225

sparplec1330

to-shedc1330

skaila1400

disparplec1400

scatterc1430

sparklec1440

shedc1485

disrout1525

disparkle1553

shattera1620

disperse1665

squander1823

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (reflexive)]

scatter1535

shed1589

dispersea1616

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 57 The bataill of pompee began to sched, and till jrk, and toke the flicht.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 429 Lyke ony scheip tha schudrit all and sched, Quhair euir tha come befoir his face tha fled.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Oct. 35 Sike prayse is smoke, that sheddeth in the skye.

1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Aiiij The great Empire of..Alexander, like a flame of fire in a heape of flaxe, when it was at the highest, did shed it selfe suddainlie in the ayre.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine v. xviii. 173 That the Pillar of smoak which ascended from the sacrifice, curled onely upwards in direct wreaths to heaven, without any scattering, or shedding it self abroad.

a. To spill (liquids), let fall (crumbs, etc.) Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > let out > spill

shed?c1225

spilla1340

slop1557

skail1828

skedaddle1862

slob1894

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (intransitive)] > let spill

spilla1340

shedc1450

jirble1760

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 254 Of alle cuðe sunnen as of prude..of sum fals word..of ischake lachtre. of schede cromen oðer ale. of lete þinges mulin. rustin.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2296 Schad was al þe wyn.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Niiii^v The vessell can nat holde the wyne, but anone it breketh, and so shedeth the wyne.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 120^v By carying water in a siue, not shedding one drop from Tiber to the Temple of Vesta.

16.. Boy & Mantle 181 in Percy Fol. MS. II. 311 He said, ‘there was noe Cuckolde shall drinke of my horne, But he shold itt sheede, either behind or beforne.’

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 315 In pulling forth my Handkerchiefe, I had shed all my money.

1785 J. Trusler Mod. Times II. 83 A bag of tea..was burst, and a good deal of the tea shed.

1839 Sterling Alfred the Harper xviii. Poems 136 Grim sat the chiefs;..His iron mace was grasped by one, By one his wine was shed.

1848 S. Ockley Hist. Saracens (ed. 5) 216 (note) The crafty Harmozanda shed the vase to the ground.

1866 E. Waugh Ben an' th' Bantam iv. 73 His jackass..broke her pitcher, an' sheeded th' milk.

1866 E. Waugh Ben an' th' Bantam iv. 74 Are yo noan beawn to pay for th' milk 'at wur shed, then?

absolute.c1450 J. Lydgate Stans Puer (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 31 Fille not þi spoon lest in þe cariage It scheede bi side.

†b. intransitive. Of a liquid: To spill over. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > overflow > [verb (intransitive)] > of a vessel

overfloweOE

runc1225

overruna1450

to run over1530

shed1601

overbrim1607

to set over1608

to well over1843

1601 R. Dolman tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. III. 262 If one put neuer so little water into a vessell alreadie brimme-full, the vppermost part thereof will shedde ouer.

6. transitive. To pour, pour out. (The ordinary rendering of Latin fundere, effundere, etc.)

†a. Of a personal agent: To pour (water, etc.). Also with out. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)]

ayetOE

yetOE

hieldc1200

shed?c1225

pourc1330

peera1522

brew1581

swill1605

sile1787

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream > specifically of a person

shed?c1225

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 238 Effunde sicut aquam cor tuum. Schet us [read ut] aswater þinheorte.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxiv. 6 And so Moyses took the half parti of the blood, and putte it into chalices: and that other party he shedde [L. fudit] vpon the auteer.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xxxvi. 1295 Cerusa is ygendred and comeþ of vapour of strong vynegre schedde vpon þynne plates of leede.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 247/2 He shadde water on his hede and baptysed hym in the name of Jhesu Crist.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/2 I shedde out lycoure out of a vessel.

1595 W. S. Lamentable Trag. Locrine iii. Prol. 11 A subtill Adder..Priuily shead his poison through his bones.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 37 Then doth he take a faire large bull..And twixt his hornes pure wine he sheads.

1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis ii. 56 Banefull poyson; which she sheads Into her bones, and through her liuer spreads.

b. Of a vessel, receptacle, a fountain, etc.: To pour forth (its contents).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > emit copiously [verb (transitive)]

outyeta1400

effundc1420

shed1430

diffude?a1475

skail1513

effuse1526

diffuse1541

flow1550

outwell1590

spend1602

pour1604

exfuse1612

effude1634

profund1657

efflux1669

profuse1771

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream

runeOE

ayetOE

yetOE

hieldc1200

pourc1330

bleed1377

spouta1398

wella1398

outyeta1400

wellc1400

effundc1420

streama1425

shed1430

diffude?a1475

skail1513

peera1522

effuse1526

diffuse1541

flow1550

gusha1555

outpoura1560

brew1581

outwell1590

spend1602

spin1610

exfuse1612

guttera1618

effude1634

disembogue1641

profund1657

efflux1669

decant1742

profuse1771

sluice1859

1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1494) viii. xii[i]. D j Which lyke a conducte vpon euery syde Shad out water as any cristall clere.

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xvii. 47 They are..Veins and Arteries..which end at the Heads of the Caruncles, into which they shed their wheyish humor.

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xvi. 4 As when a fountain sheds Dark waters streaming down a precipice.

†c. reflexive. Of a river, etc.: To discharge itself. Also, to overflow over its banks. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (reflexive)]

shed1555

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > [verb (reflexive)] > disembogue

empty1553

shed1555

unburden1578

disburden1600

discharge1600

void1600

dischannel1607

disgorge1607

disengorge1610

enwave1628

expose1632

engulf1634

degorge1635

exhaust1833

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. iii. 34 Gently sheadyng hymself ouer his bancques, he [Nilus] leaueth in the countrie a merueilous fertilitie.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 696 Coc making no long course sheadeth himselfe into Wherf.

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §28 34 The riveret Sid shedding itself into the sea.

†d. figurative. To ‘pour out’ (one's heart, feelings, prayers, etc.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > give expression to

sayOE

talkc1275

soundc1386

outc1390

shedc1420

utterc1445

conveya1568

discharge1586

vent1602

dicta1605

frame1608

voice1612

pass?1614

language1628

ventilate1637

to give venta1640

vend1657

clothe1671

to take out1692

to give mouth to1825

verbalize1840

to let out1853

vocalize1872

c1420 Prymer (1895) 67 [ Ps. xlii. 4] I biþouȝte of þese þingis, & y schedde out in me my soule.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. BBBii^v Ronne to our lorde and shede forthe your hert before hym.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 111 And throuch thair prayers, quhilkes ydenly w^t al diligence thay sched for thair cuntrey, appeir to mitigat the ire of God.

e. To emit, give forth, pour out (spawn, eggs, †seminal fluid, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [verb (transitive)] > emit spawn, eggs, etc.

shedc1386

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 503 Vnkyndely synne by which man or womman shedeth hire nature in manere or place ther as [etc.].

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) xiii. xxvi. 458 Ryuer fysshe and fresshe of marreys sheden more theyr pesen and ofter than other fysshe.

a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1046 Take also wel in mynde. Ȝef þou haue sched þyn owne kynde, Slepynge or wakynge nyȝt or day.

?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature ii. sig. Bvj^v I was with Onan not vnacquaynted, Whan he on the grounde hys increase shed.

1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 93 These male fishe as they passe still onwarde shed theyr seede by the way.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 154 There is a Fountaine, or a statua of a woman..and this statua shed water from all the haires of the head.

1630 Order in R. Griffiths Ess. Jurisdict. Thames (1746) 66 Roaches do then shed their Spawn.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 109 From their Groins they shed A slimy Juice, by false Conception bred.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 465 [Polypi] which, if they discharge any thing, shed blood.

1855 R. Browning Epist. 24 I have shed sweat enough, left flesh and bone On many a flinty furlong of this land.

1864 Rep. Sea Fisheries Comm. (1865) II. 1189/1 This was fresh spawn just shed.

1880 Times 21 Dec. 6/4 The large number of salmon just ready to shed their eggs.

a. To cause (blood) to flow from the body by cutting or wounding; to let fall (a person's blood) on the ground, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > draw or drain of blood

yeteOE

spilla1125

shed?c1225

outbleedc1475

dispill1522

sow1535

broach1573

exsanguinate1849

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > let fall or drop

shed?c1225

dropc1315

fallc1475

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 295 Þis blod for ou isched up on þe arre twa treon schal maken ow sarraptaines.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2587 Heo smiten to-gædere..redde blod scede rinkas feollen.

c1290 Beket 2185 in S. Eng. Leg. 169 Forto gaderi of þe blode þat i-sched was on þe grounde.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1129 His blod on erth sced lijs.

c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 920 Cubert hem broute al honder He schedde of here blode And makede hem al wode.

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxxix. 101 Blodwite: þat is quite of amerciementes for blod isedde.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 429 Þe blood reed, Þat þe mayde Wynefrede Schadde at þat putte.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4151 Þat na blod o him be schedd.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxxi. 307 In that Cytee is no man so hardy, to schede Blode of no man.

c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 275 Ȝe xal drynk myn blood with gret devocyon, Wheche xal be xad ffor mannys love.

c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 376 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 18 Ger wipe myn blud of ȝon stede, quhare I for þe gert it be schede!

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. UUUv^v After that all his blode was shedde.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7929 My body hath þou brisit, & my blode shed.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 3 Ulysses here the Blood of Victims shed.

1847 L. H. Kerr tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Servia 128 Their attendants had already come to blows, and did not separate until blood had been shed.

b. With pregnant sense. (a) to shed the blood of (another person or persons): to kill in a manner involving effusion of blood; often loosely, to kill by violent means (whether blood is literally shed or not). So to shed blood: to destroy human life by violent means. to shed much, little blood: to destroy many, few lives. (b) to shed (one's own) blood: to undergo wounds or violent death in battle, martyrdom, or the like (for some person or cause, one's country, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]

forsweltc888

sweltc888

adeadeOE

deadc950

wendeOE

i-wite971

starveOE

witea1000

forfereOE

forthfareOE

forworthc1000

to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE

queleOE

fallOE

to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE

to shed (one's own) blood?a1100

diec1135

endc1175

farec1175

to give up the ghostc1175

letc1200

aswelta1250

leavea1250

to-sweltc1275

to-worthc1275

to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290

finea1300

spilla1300

part?1316

to leese one's life-daysa1325

to nim the way of deathc1325

to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330

flit1340

trance1340

determinec1374

disperisha1382

to go the way of all the eartha1382

to be gathered to one's fathers1382

miscarryc1387

shut1390

goa1393

to die upa1400

expirea1400

fleea1400

to pass awaya1400

to seek out of lifea1400–50

to sye hethena1400

tinea1400

trespass14..

espirec1430

to end one's days?a1439

decease1439

to go away?a1450

ungoc1450

unlivec1450

to change one's lifea1470

vade1495

depart1501

to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513

to decease this world1515

to go over?1520

jet1530

vade1530

to go westa1532

to pick over the perch1532

galpa1535

to die the death1535

to depart to God1548

to go home1561

mort1568

inlaikc1575

shuffle1576

finish1578

to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587

relent1587

unbreathe1589

transpass1592

to lose one's breath1596

to make a die (of it)1611

to go offa1616

fail1623

to go out1635

to peak over the percha1641

exita1652

drop1654

to knock offa1657

to kick upa1658

to pay nature her due1657

ghost1666

to march off1693

to die off1697

pike1697

to drop off1699

tip (over) the perch1699

to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703

sink1718

vent1718

to launch into eternity1719

to join the majority1721

demise1727

to pack off1735

to slip one's cable1751

turf1763

to move off1764

to pop off the hooks1764

to hop off1797

to pass on1805

to go to glory1814

sough1816

to hand in one's accounts1817

to slip one's breatha1819

croak1819

to slip one's wind1819

stiffen1820

weed1824

buy1825

to drop short1826

to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839

to get one's (also the) call1839

to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840

to unreeve one's lifeline1840

to step out1844

to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845

to hand in one's checks1845

to go off the handle1848

to go under1848

succumb1849

to turn one's toes up1851

to peg out1852

walk1858

snuff1864

to go or be up the flume1865

to pass outc1867

to cash in one's chips1870

to go (also pass over) to the majority1883

to cash in1884

to cop it1884

snuff1885

to belly up1886

perch1886

to kick the bucket1889

off1890

to knock over1892

to pass over1897

to stop one1901

to pass in1904

to hand in one's marble1911

the silver cord is loosed1911

pip1913

to cross over1915

conk1917

to check out1921

to kick off1921

to pack up1925

to step off1926

to take the ferry1928

peg1931

to meet one's Maker1933

to kiss off1935

to crease it1959

zonk1968

cark1977

to cark it1979

to take a dirt nap1981

the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (intransitive)]

to shed blood?a1100

to let blood?c1225

to be (a person's) priesta1450

shortena1535

kill1535

to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568

to trip (also turn, tumble, kick, etc.) up a person's heels1587

to make dice of (a person's) bones1591

to put out (also quench) a person's light(s)1599

account1848

to fix1875

society > faith > worship > martyrdom > cause martyrdom [verb (transitive)] > suffer martyrdom

to shed (one's own) blood?a1100

the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > be killed [verb] > by bloodshed

to shed (one's own) blood?a1100

beshed1474

the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by bloodshed

to shed the blood of?a1100

society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [verb (intransitive)] > suffer death

to shed (one's own) blooda1400

the world > life > death > manner of death > die in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > die violently

perishc1275

to shed blood?1473

to die in one's shoes1694

to come to a sticky end1904

(a)

?a1100 Ags. Ps. xiii. 6 Hrade fot heora to aȝeotenne [Trin. Coll. MS. to scedende] blod.

c1275 Passion Our Lord 346 in Old Eng. Misc. 47 Þe gywes were ful bysie to scheden his blod.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 73 He mid vnriȝhte hadde i-sched mani ane mannes blod.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 239 Moche uolk weren ysslaȝe and moche blod þer y-ssed.

1382 J. Wyclif Psalms cv. 38 And thei shadden [1388 schedden] out the innocent blod.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11805 Hu had he hert to sced þair blod þat neuer did til him bot godd?

1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1494) viii. x[i]v. D iij b And where he rode cristen blode he shadde.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 77^v Many ther were that her blood was shedde on the lande.

a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Passioun in Poems (1998) I. 35 His precious blude agane thay sched.

c1560 A. Scott Ps. li. 58 Lord God, deliuer me, and gyd Frome schedding blude, and homicyd.

1577 J. Grange Garden in Golden Aphroditis sig. Qij Bloud shall be shedde for bloud, and life shall pay for lyfe.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 27 That day in that feild was sched mekle scotis blude.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 37 Relentless Love the cruel Mother led, The Blood of her unhappy Babes to shed.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 236 The Thoughts of shedding Humane Blood for my Deliverance, were very Terrible to me.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. xii. 292 He is a man of holy church—we may not shed his blood.

1838 G. P. R. James Robber I. ii. 32 I will shed no blood, except in our own defence.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. vi. 100 They shed blood they had no right to shed.

(b)12.. Song. Virg. 15 in Old Eng. Misc. 194 Bi-sek him..Þat for ous alle sad is blod.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1616 For heom ich chadde mi blod.c1315 Shoreham i. 83 To wesschen ous cryst schedde his blod And water out of hys wonde.?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 311^v I my self haue shedde moche of my blood.c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 1009 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 252 Þat haly nowmir to fulfil, þat sched þare blud for cristis sak.a1535 J. Fisher Wayes to Perfect Relig. in Eng. Wks. (1876) i. 385 Men and women for his loue haue shead theyr bloud.1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 109 This monark [sc. Alexander] sustaining infinite labor, and cheerefully sheading his bloud.1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 173 My Subjects are in a disposition to shed the last drop of their Blood for me.1844 tr. M. T. Asmar Mem. Babylonian Princess II. 63 This spot, where our Saviour shed his blood to save all mankind from everlasting death.

8. To emit and let fall in drops.

a. With tears as object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > flow [verb (transitive)] > shed tears

shedc1175

to water one's eyesa1500

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > emit in drops or trickle

shedc1175

berainc1420

drizzle1543

dribble1589

trickle1602

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > weep for [verb (transitive)] > shed (tears)

weepc900

shedc1175

greetc1300

fallc1475

raina1560

blubber1583

vent1632

to let fall1816

to turn on the main1836

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 157 Swiche teres scedde M. Magdalene þa heo wosch ure drihtenes fet.

1423 Kingis Quair cxvii And of my cristall teris that bene schede, The hony flouris growen vp and sprede.

a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. C.vij in Whole Wks. (1587) Marke what teares they shed.

c1610–15 Life Holie Elflede in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 102 Who can recounte what plentie of teares she shodd for her owne sinnes, and the necessities of gods church.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 37 A Tear that our Saviour shed over Lazarus.

1862 M. E. Braddon Lady Audley's Secret III. iii. 97 He could only shed childish tears of despair and terror.

1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 45 One [child] was sobbing and shedding tears.

slang.1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) 226 Shed a tear, to take a dram, or glass of neat spirits... ‘Now then, old fellow, come and shed a tear!’

†b. absol. To shed tears. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > weep [verb (intransitive)]

greetc725

weepc900

tearc950

plore1373

beweepc1374

to put one's finger in one's eye1447

waterc1450

lachryme1490

cryc1532

lerma1533

tricklec1540

to water one's plants1542

to show tears1553

shower1597

issuea1616

lachrymate1623

sheda1632

pipe1671

to take a pipe1671

to pipe one's eye (also eyes)?1789

twine1805

to let fall1816

whinnya1825

blub1866

slobber1875

blart1896

skrike1904

water-cart1914

a1632 J. Webster & W. Rowley Cure for Cuckold (1661) ii. i. C4^v O Urse, give me leave to shed!

c. With object rain, dew, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > let fall or drop > in drops

dripec893

dripc1000

dropa1340

shed1590

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. P2 And when she spake, Sweete wordes, like dropping honny she did shed.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 111 Rising Cynthia sheds her silver Dews.

c1730 A. Ramsay Masque 106 And cease, black clouds, to shed, or wet, or snaw.

1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms iii. 293 When evening sheds her dew.

†d. intransitive. Of rain, snow, etc.: To fall. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > [verb (intransitive)]

fallOE

shedc1386

to ding onc1650

c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 843 But swich a reyn doun fro the welkne shadde That slow the fyr.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 956 Hir brest..Schon schyrer þen snawe þat schede[ȝ] [MS reads scheder] on hillez.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 506 Schyre schedez [MS reads schedeȝ] þe rayn in schowreȝ ful warme.

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) ii. lxii. 319 If anie raine happen to fall thereupon, yet it may by no meanes sinke into the Hiue, but rather fall off, and shed vpon the earth.

9. transitive. To send forth as an emanation.

a. To throw (light) upon something. literal and figurative.In the figurative use of the phrase shed is in our quots. not found before the 19th cent.; earlier throw or cast was used.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > shine [verb (transitive)]

shedc1200

showa1400

yet?c1400

throw1565

reflex1590

emit1626

fling1637

projectc1645

strike1697

slip1873

shine1889

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 161 Þis edie maiden seinte marie of hire holie licame shedeð þat soðe liht þe lihteð alle brihte þinges on eorðe and ec on heuene.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17883 Þat light es nu apon vs schede þar we sitte in þe schadu of dede.

c1402 J. Lydgate Compl. Black Knight 3 And Phebus gan to shede his stremes shene Amid the Bole.

1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum Ded. sig. A3 In euery place, as Cynthia sheds her beames.

1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor viii. 24 The stars shone in a clear blue sky, shedding a calm serene light.

a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) xiii. 496 O most loving Soul! Placed on this earth to love and understand, And from thy presence shed the light of love.

a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1876) 3rd Ser. xxi. 272 He has been shedding a glory round human life.

1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. iv. 70 A lamp of strange form hung from the ceiling, and shed a dim and lurid light.

1860 G. J. Adler tr. C. C. Fauriel Hist. Provençal Poetry xvi. 351 It is on these antecedents that I shall first endeavor to shed some light.

1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. vi. 45 You come like I don't know what..shedding a halo all around you.

1912 Times 19 Oct. 7/3 The statement..sheds little light upon a situation still enveloped in mystery.

†b. With inverted construction: To suffuse with light. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > illumination > illuminate [verb (transitive)]

onlighteOE

enlightOE

alemeOE

alightOE

lightOE

belighta1200

lightena1382

clear1382

alightenc1384

lumine1387

clarify1398

shine1398

shed1412

beamc1430

enlymec1440

illumine1447

enlumine1481

illustre1490

enclear1509

elumine1532

illuminate1535

unshadow1550

illightena1555

allumine1570

eluminate1580

unnight1594

enlighten1595

to strike up1598

illume1604

luminate1623

illustrate1625

unbenight1629

emblaze1637

burn1712

alluminate1726

lamp1808

enkindle1870

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. 2771 Sche..sawe..þat þe ferþe parte Of þe mone was schad with newe liȝt.

c. To give forth, diffuse (fragrance, sound, heat, etc.); to pour out, impart (influence, blessings, qualities, etc.). Also with adverbs, abroad, †forth, †out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > introduce or bring something in [verb (transitive)] > infuse

sheda1325

bedew1340

distil1393

informa1398

transfusec1425

pourc1451

infudea1500

infuse1526

tan1530

colour1536

suck1549

imbrue1565

dewc1572

inspire1576

steep1603

infect1605

imbreathe1609

impregn1652

transfund1670

influence1691

bleed1866

render1885

taste1904

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit

send971

stretchc1275

casta1300

sheda1325

manda1350

to throw outa1413

yielda1450

devoida1475

render1481

reflair1509

sup out1513

to give out1530

utter1536

spout1568

to give fortha1586

to let fly1590

to put out1614

eject1616

evacuate1622

ejaculate1625

emit1626

fling1637

outsend1647

exert1660

extramit1668

exclude1677

emane1708

extromita1711

evolve1772

emanate1797

discharge1833

exsert1835

to give off1840

a1325 Prose Psalter xliv. 3 Grace is shadde in þy lippes.

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. 2612 And holsomm bawme is schad among þe grene.

c1500 Melusine (1895) iv. 22 This might not be perfightly knowen, yf thou shadd nat vpon the men somwhat of thy full & deuyne grace.

1525 W. Tyndale Prol. to N.T. Prol. Tyll Christ have..powred into him that selfe good thynge whych he shedeth forth afterwarde on other.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. v. 5 For the love that god hath vnto vs is sheed abrod [Gk. ἐκκέχυται] in oure hertes [so later versions] by the holy gost, which is geven vnto vs.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Acts x. E The gifte of y^e holy goost was shed out also vpon the Heythen.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. Pref. (ad fin.) Now God vouchsafe to shead out his blessing vpon this worke.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. iv. 47 The heate which the Sunne sheadeth into vs from aboue.

1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. N^v Wakend by piercing trump, that farre doth shed Its searching sound.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 130. ⁋11 All the Prosperity and Success which Heaven ever shed on a Mortal.

1716 J. Gay Trivia ii. 41 Now, heaven-born Charity! thy Blessings shed.

1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. viii. 87 For him the stars shine and shed influences upon earth.

1769 T. Gray Ode at Installation Duke of Grafton 73 Bid it round heaven's altars shed The fragrance of it's blushing head.

1807 T. Moore Harp that Once in Irish Melodies 2 The harp that once through Tara's halls, The soul of music shed.

1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Paradiso iv. 115 Whose lively words Still shed new heat and vigour through My soul.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. iii. v. 196 The waving of it shed terror through the souls of men.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xvi. 262 Your piety sheds respectability on us.

1877 R. H. Hutton Ess. (ed. 2) I. Pref. 19 An infinite power shed abroad in the world.

absolute.1525 W. Tyndale Prol. to N.T. Prol. Be faith we receave of god, and be love we shed oute agayne.

10. To cast off by natural process.

a. To cast off as exuviæ; to undergo the falling of (hair, etc.). Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > [verb (transitive)] > shed

shed1510

the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > cast off part of the body

shed1510

skin1773

exuviate1855

moult1869

autotomize1911

the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (transitive)] > cast off part of the body

shed1510

uncase1582

moult1774

exuviate1856

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > cast off by natural process

shed1510

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > cast off by natural process > undergo the falling of

shed1510

the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > tooth or teeth > [verb (transitive)] > shed (tooth or teeth)

shalea1697

hull1708

shed1732

the world > life > the body > nail > [verb (transitive)] > undergo falling of

shed1899

the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [verb (transitive)] > shed skin

shed1899

1510 J. Stanbridge Vocabula (W. de W.) C vj b Depennesco, to multe, or to shede fethers.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/2 I shede my heare, my heare falleth.

1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i. i. 36 Venus Swannes shall shed their siluer downe.

1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 91 The Stag and some other sorts of Deer are subject to shedding and renewing their Horns annually.

1732 A. Monro Anat. (ed. 2) 170 Some more of those [teeth]..are shedded.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 152 A broken and soiled white feather, intersected with one which had been shed from the train of a peacock.

1833 Hunter's Catal. Physiol. Ser. Comp. Anat. Mus. Coll. Surg. I. 100 [Elephants] do not shed their teeth as other animals do that have more than one.

1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. xi. 373 When hens are shedding their feathers they don't lay eggs.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 537 It is very common for the whole of the nails to be shed in the attack.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 809 The epidermis becoming shed.

absolute.1879 St. Nicholas Nov. 84/2 He still grows till he is called a ‘Buster’, and then sheds. Then he is called a ‘Soft Crab’.1974 M. G. Eberhart Danger Money (1975) xiii. 139 Her jacket still bore some stray beige hairs from Toby [sc. a cat]; doesn't he ever stop shedding? she thought.figurative and in extended use.1776 S. Foote Capuchin (1778) ii. 116 When the sun and summer of plenty returns, I shall shed my coat like a colt.1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xvi. 121 The floes..now shed off dusty wreaths of snow.1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard v. i. 175 The day comes when a woman sheds her sin As a bird moults.1910 Spectator 20 Aug. 269/1 He sheds his bad reputation as a snake its skin.

b. Of trees, plants: To lose, cast off (leaves, flowers, bark, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > shed leaves, flowers, or fruit

to shake offa1425

fall1510

shed1598

1598 R. Barnfield Complaint of Poetrie in Encomion Lady Pecunia sig. B1^v The Trees (for sorrowe) shead their fading Leaues.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 893 From his slack hand the Garland wreath'd for Eve Down drop'd, and all the faded Roses shed .

1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 295 The myrtles..[were] shedding their uncherished blossoms over the perishing works of man.

1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to West Wind ii, in Prometheus Unbound 189 Thou on whose stream, 'mid the steep sky's commotion, Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed.

1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. xxiii. 462 Some of the bushes and trees are green; others are shedding their leaves.

†c. To cause the shedding of (leaves). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > shed leaves, flowers, or fruit > cause to shed

shed1697

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 88 When Storms have shed From Vines the hairy Honours of their Head.

d. Of plants: To let fall, cast (seed) out of the receptacle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > plant having seed > be or act as a seed-bearing plant [verb (transitive)] > cast seed

shed?1523

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xix In some countreis..they do fan their corne, the which is..a great sauergarde for sheding of the corne.

1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 52^v Hops dride in loft, aske tendance oft. And shed their seedes, much more than needes.

1720 P. Blair Bot. Ess. Pref. 6 The Apices..are ready to shed the Dust when it [the Flower] is expanded.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 634 As it is apt to shed its seed when ripe, it is advisable to cut it with the dew upon it.

1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iv. xx. 476 Owing to a bad habit of leaving the crops till over-ripe, large quantities are shed on the fields.

e. colloquial. To drop, let go; to give away (something of no particular value).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]

to let awaya1000

forcast?c1225

to lay downc1275

forthrow1340

flita1375

removea1382

to cast away1382

understrewc1384

castc1390

to lay awaya1400

to lay asidec1440

slingc1440

warpiss1444

to lay from, offc1480

way-put1496

depose1526

to lay apart1526

to put off1526

to set apart1530

to turn up1541

abandonate?1561

devest1566

dispatch1569

decarta1572

discard1578

to make away1580

to fling away1587

to cast off1597

doff1599

cashier1603

to set by1603

moult1604

excuss1607

retorta1616

divest1639

deposit1646

disentail1667

dismiss1675

slough1845

shed1856

jettison1869

shake1872

offload1900

junk1911

dump1919

sluff1934

bin1940

to put down1944

shitcan1973

1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xxi. 184 Whether it had occurred to his good friend, that Society might not unreasonably hope that one so blest in his undertakings..would shed a little money in the direction of a mission or so to Africa?

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 391 I shed a box of lucifer matches on her,..knowing that one of the great charms of a white man to a black is this habit of shedding things.

f. transferred. To take off (a garment); to doff, divest oneself of. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > take off clothing

to do offeOE

to lay downc1275

to weve offc1290

stripc1320

doffa1375

loose1382

ofdrawa1393

casta1400

to take offa1400

warpa1400

to cast offc1400

to catch offc1400

waivec1400

voidc1407

to put off?a1425

to wap offc1440

to lay from, offc1480

despoil1483

to pull offc1500

slip1535

devest1566

to shift off1567

daff1609

discuss1640

to lay off1699

strip1762

douse1780

shuffle1837

derobe1841

shed1858

skin1861

peel1888

pull1888

1858 Lawrence (Kansas Territory) Republican 28 Oct. 1/6 She was compelled to ‘shed’ her woman's ‘fixin's’, and put on a man's breeches and hickory shirt.

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xx. 171 The duke shed his coat and said he was all right, now.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 501 You will shed your male garments, you understand, Ruby Cohen?

1976 Times 18 Mar. 1 Cabinet members had been allowed to shed their ministerial cloaks and campaign for their own beliefs.

g. Of a share: to fall in price by (an amount). Financial colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (transitive)] > performance of shares or prices

breach1547

shed1947

break1964

split1967

underperform1975

1947 Financial Times 29 Jan. 1/7 Preferences remained comparatively steady, although B.A.G.S. Sixes shed ¹/ ₂ to 22¹/ ₂.

1981 Times 11 Apr. 19/5 Hawker Siddeley added 2p to 266p and Glaxo shed a similar figure at 322p.

h. to shed (a, the, etc.) load: temporarily to curtail the electricity supply to an area in order to prevent excessive demand on the generating plant. Cf. load-shedding n. at load n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > place of power generation > reduce supply [verb]

to shed (a, the, etc.) load1947

1947 Times 27 Feb. 7/3 The alternative was to go on running every day, and to shed the load because they could not carry the peak load.

1952 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 483/1 And if the local electrician chose the middle of your party to shed a load—well, where were you then?

1975 IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus & Systems XCIV. 360/1 65% of the companies shed 25% or 30% of their load on underfrequency.

1975 IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus & Systems XCIV. 360/2 Most companies shed load in two or three steps.

11. intransitive for reflexive.

†a. Of the hair: To fall off. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > villosity or ciliation > [verb (intransitive)] > shed

shed?1523

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxv Myllettes..causeth the heer to shede.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/2 Your heares shede, you wyll waxe balde.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 487 The same also being mingled with a certaine oyle and warmed together, and anointed vpon the head of any one, whose haire doth shed,..doth immediatly helpe and cure the same.

1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. I4^v His haire sheds off.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxxvii. 326 We see the haire of women with childe, is apt to shedde.

1756 H. Baker in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 22 When I saw this man, in the month of September last, they [wart-like growths] were shedding off in several places.

b. Of grain: To fall from the ear. Also of leaves or flowers: To drop off.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > grow, move, or curve [verb (intransitive)] > fall off or drop

shed1557

shatter1577

shale1578

decide1657

shake1725

shell1828

1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. C.iiii^v The corne, being ripe, doe but shead as it stande.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health xlix. 57 Artichokes..[are] thought to make euill iuice, especially when the flowers begin to shed.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 313 The seeded pride, That hath to this maturity blowne vp In ranke Achilles, must or now be cropt, Or shedding breede a noursery of like euill, To ouer-bulk vs all.

1681 R. L'Estrange tr. Cicero Offices (ed. 2) 103 All Disguises pass away, and shed like Flowers.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 355 The broad leaved Lime..bears a very fine broad Leaf, only it is apt to shed too soon.

1760 R. Brown Compl. Farmer: Pt. 2 81 White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand.

1790 W. Marshall Agric. Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Midland Counties II. 442 To Shade, to shed, as corn.

1844 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 i. 284 The wheat..sheds very easily, that is, the corn or grain falls very readily out of the husk.

c. Of the young bolls of cotton-plants: to fall prematurely owing to a failure of fertilization or to infection by a disease known as ‘shedding’.

ΚΠ

1909 in Cent. Dict. Suppl.

12. To slope. Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > slope

pitch?1440

shore?1521

shed1530

batter1546

shoal1621

peck1639

slope1691

rake1722

underlay1728

underlie1778

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 702/1 I shedde, as an hyll dothe slopewyse downwardes to the valley... It is a pleasaunt syght to se howe the hylles shedde on eache syde in to the medowes.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 73/1 A Barn with a sheeding Ridg.

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Q1b If a Rock appears to the Day,..where it seems to cut off, and more especially on Sheeding ground.

1826 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire (ed. 2) To Shead is also to slope down ground regularly.

1857–8 Trans. Illinois Agric. Soc. 3 538 The roof may pitch both ways, or shed at the ends, presenting a gable end in front.

13. The verb-stem in combination: †shed-fork, apparently = pitchfork; †shed-spade, ? a dungfork or graip.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > fork > pitch-fork

pikeforkc1275

shakefork1338

pickfork1349

pitchfork1364

pikea1398

bicornec1420

hay-fork1552

shed-fork1559

straw-fork1573

pikel1602

sheppeck1602

corn-pike1611

wain-forka1642

pick1777

pickle1847

peak1892

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > fork > dung-fork

muck-hook1300

muck-forkc1350

muck-hack1362

dung pick1381

dung fork1397

muck crook1446

graip1459

muck-crome1501

muck-drag1545

shed-spade1559

pluck1825

1559 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 134 ij^o shede forks, ij^o shed spaids.

1707 S. Centlivre Platonick Lady iv. iv. 57 All my Rigging hangs as if 'twas zhaked on with a Zhed Vork, as the old Zaying is.

Draft additions 1993

Of an employer, etc.: to divest oneself or dispose of (excess workers or jobs), esp. by sacking or redundancy. colloquial (frequently euphemistic).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (transitive)] > make redundant

retrench1891

release1918

attrit1953

outplace1970

shed1975

excess1976

1975 Economist 8 Mar. 85 In the year to last September, the industry shed about 100,000 of its workforce.

1979 Times 6 Dec. 21/3 (heading) British Shipbuilders to shed 1,400 workers.

1982 Economist 28 Aug. 22/1 The environment secretary..is fond of using his own department's record in shedding jobs as a stick to wave at local government.

1987 R.A.F. Yearbk. 35/1 Each year, the Arrows shed three pilots and take on an equal number.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	shed
释义	shedn.¹ Brit. /ʃɛd/, U.S. /ʃɛd/ Forms: Old English ( ge)scéad, Old English–Middle English scád, Middle English schad, Orm. shæd, Middle English–1500s schede, shede, Middle English–1600s sched, Middle English sced, schade, Middle English, 1700s, 1800s dialect sheed, 1500s schedde, sheyde, 1500s–1600s shead(e, shedde, Scottish schad, 1600s, 1800s dialect shade, Middle English– shed. Etymology: Old English (ge)scēad , altered form of (ge)sceád neuter < Germanic type *(ga)skaiđo-m , < root skaiđ- to divide: see shed v.¹, where the phonology is explained. Compare Old High German sceit* , (Middle High German scheit ) division. In sense 2 the word may represent the cognate Old English sc(e)áda (see shode n.) in the altered form scēada. †1. a. Distinction, discrimination, separation (of one thing from another). Obsolete.In Old English also in phr. scád (á)gyldan, to give account. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] shedc950 skilla1200 skillwisenessa1200 doomc1374 subtilitya1398 subtiltyc1405 subtletya1425 dijudication1549 choice1583 decernment1586 quiddity1602 discerning1608 discernance1612 sensea1616 sense of things1648 tact1797 appreciation1810 kokum1848 the world > relative properties > relationship > difference > [noun] > a difference or distinction shedc950 diversityc1340 differencea1382 differencea1393 severance1422 distinction1435 discretivec1487 differing1528 unlikeness1561 distinguishment1592 fork1639 discrimen1644 misresemblancea1693 bright line1842 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xii. 51 Separationem, þæt gescead. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 36 Ælc idel word þe menn specað hi agyldaþ gescead [c1160 scad] be þam on domes dæge. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6229 Forr ȝunnc birrþ witenn swiþe wel..Þatt niss bitwenenn ȝunnc. & hemm. Nan shæd i manness kinde. c1330 Spec. Gy de Warw. 217 Off god and yuel shed to make. c1330 Spec. Gy de Warw. 721 And shed to make in eueri dede Bitwene soþnesse and falshede. 1575 G. Gascoigne Glasse of Gouernem. 3rd Chorus sig. Hii^v The Shed is great, and greater then the show, Which seemes to be, betweene the good and bad. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 40 No Shed: No difference between things. 1703 Thoresby in J. Ray et al. Philos. Lett. (1718) 336 ‘No Sheds’, no difference. †b. The faculty of discerning or distinguishing. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > faculty of shedc1000 discretionc1384 tastea1400 discernment1570 distinction1609 distinguishment1642 discrimination1764 c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 176/24 Ȝe habbað gescead ægðer ge godes ge yfeles. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5534 Þe fifte ȝife iss shæd. & skill I weorelldlike þingess. a1225 Leg. Kath. 238 Þat schafte of mon þat he schop & ȝef schad ba of god & of uuel. a1240 Sawles Warde in Cott. Hom. 255 Warschipe þe haueð wit ant schad bituhhe god and uuel. 2. a. The parting made in the hair by combing along the top of the head; also, the part of the head thus indicated, the top of the crown. Obsolete exc. dialect. Cf. shode n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > parting > [noun] cleftc1325 shedc1325 shodingc1440 seam1585 part1864 the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > parts of the hair or head relating to hairdressing > [noun] > parting shodec1000 cleftc1325 shedc1325 shodingc1440 seam1585 parting1699 part1864 c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) II. 78/1 The shed, la greve. a1380 Virg. Antioch 291 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 30 Set myn hat vppon þyn hed, To huide þin her and eke þi sched. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 18837 In heued he had a sched [Vesp. a clift] biforn. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 674/5 Hoc discrimen, the schade of the hede. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. xi. 7 For lo! the top of litle Ascanius heid,..fro the sched of his croun, Schane all of lycht wnto the grond adoun. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria iii. f. 25 The shede of the heare goeth vp to the toppe, deuydynge the molde. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3023 The shede þurghe the shyre here shone as þe lilly. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Diuiduus Coma diuidua, heare diuided at the sheade. 1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith iv. 65 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) Her wav'ring haire disparpling flew apart In seemely shed. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 464/2 Women wear Hair..in shades, when it lieth plain and streight on each side the forehead. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Shade, the parting or division of the hair on one's head. †b. Proverb. shame is past the shed of (his) hair (or head), i.e. (he) has lost all sense of shame. ΚΠ 1382 Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 252 We ben so ful of synne and slouthe, The schame is passed the sched of hede. 1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 37 Schame is past the sched of thair hair, as weill we knaw. 1691 Contin. Hist. Relat. Gen. Assembly Scot. 15 But as the Scots Proverb is, Shame is passed the shed of their hair. c. A parting made in the wool of sheep in order to grease or anoint the skin. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > body and parts of > fleece > parting made in shed?1530 ?1530 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) f. xxii Make wyde sheydes in the woll of the shepe, and anoynte theym with it. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 72 In greasinge they beginne usually on the belly and soe goe rownde aboute by sheddes. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 321 Leaving about an inch betwixt every shed of the wool. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 1118 Tar-salve..may be..spread along the shed, and worked amongst the wool. †3. A piece cut or broken off, a slice, fragment. (Cf. shide n.) Also a clot (of blood). Obsolete. (Chiefly Scottish and northern) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment shreddingc950 brucheOE shredc1000 brokec1160 truncheonc1330 scartha1340 screedc1350 bruisinga1382 morsel1381 shedc1400 stumpc1400 rag?a1425 brokalyc1440 brokeling1490 mammocka1529 brokelette1538 sheavec1558 shard1561 fragment1583 segment1586 brack1587 parcel1596 flaw1607 fraction1609 fracture1641 pash1651 frustillation1653 hoof1655 arrachement1656 jaga1658 shattering1658 discerption1685 scar1698 twitter1715 frust1765 smithereens1841 chitling1843 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > coagulated blood > clot or clump blood-liverOE clod1398 congelation1483 shed1513 clot1611 grume1718 coagulum1767 blood clot1805 clump1939 sludge1947 c1400 Anturs of Arth. (Douce) xxxix Shaftes in shide wode þei shindre in shedes [rhymes stedes, ledes, bledis]. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid v. viii. 97 And scheddis of bluid furth spittand throw his lippis [L. crassumque cruorem ore eiectantem]. 1739 A. Nicol Nature without Art 74 Asunder I shall hack it [a cheese] In Sheeds this day. 1821 A. Ure Dict. Chem. at Acid (Muriatic) Tinmen's sheds, or old iron, may be employed instead of chalk. 4. Scottish. ‘A portion of land, as distinguished from that which is adjacent’ (Jamieson); a division of land larger than the ‘rig’. ? Obsolete. (Cf. sheth n.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > broken land > arable or ploughed land > divisions of ploughed land ridgeOE butt1304 landc1400 rig1428 sheth1431 shed1473 stitch1493 loon1611 furlong1660 size-land1744 slit1775 kench1799 stimpart1896 1473 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 171 Tha sal pairt the toun in twa, gif it ma be, and gif it ma nocht, it salbe partyt in scheddis. 1588 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 790/1 Acram terre arabilis continentem 4 lie lang-riggis contigue in uno lie sched. 1670 J. Lamont Diary (1830) 220 [A great storm of thunder and lightning] att night; it did scorch and spoile some sheads of corne at Lawderdaill. 5. A ridge of high ground dividing two valleys or tracts of lower country; a ‘divide’. Cf. watershed n.¹ (The meaning in quot. 1530 is obscure.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > ridge > [noun] > dividing shodec1330 shed1530 height of land1725 watershed1764 water shear1765 ridge1773 divide1807 water-parting1837 coteau1839 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 266/2 Schedde of an hyll, tertre. 1876 A. J. Evans Through Bosnia i. 25 The Styrian mountains seem to form a shed between the areas of German and Italian influences. 1891 Cent. Dict. Shed. 3. The slope of land or of a hill: as, which way is the shed? in combination.1850 J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. Shed-line, the summit line of elevated ground; [1882 adds] the line of the watershed. 6. Weaving. The opening made between the threads of the warp by the motion of the heddles for the shuttle to pass through. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > threads in process of weaving > [noun] > warp > threads of > opening between shed1792 1792 A. Adam Rom. Antiq. (1801) 523 Which, being alternately raised and depressed by the motion of the feet on the Treadles, raises or depresses the warp, and makes the shed for transmitting the shuttle with the weft. 1851 Art Jrnl. Illustr. Catal. p. vii*/2 The healds..are situated at the left end, for the purpose of effecting the cross shed. 1888 Encycl. Brit.* XXIV. 464/1 Treadle number two is next depressed and thereby a new shed is formed. Compounds shed-rod n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > reed or slay slayc1050 reed1595 raddle1648 niffler1752 evener1785 ravel1805 sniffle1805 separator1831 rave1888 shed-stick1910 shed-rod1968 1968 W. Bray Everyday Life of Aztecs vii. 144 This passage is easy to achieve by means of a roller or shed-rod inserted across the warp under every alternate thread. shed-stick n. a device by which the warp is opened. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > reed or slay slayc1050 reed1595 raddle1648 niffler1752 evener1785 ravel1805 sniffle1805 separator1831 rave1888 shed-stick1910 shed-rod1968 1910 L. Hooper Hand-loom Weaving i. vii. 84 After the weft has been drawn straight, the shed-stick being again in a flat position, its edge may be brought down smartly upon the whole weft in order to beat it together. 1960 G. Lewis Handbk. Crafts 98 Shed sticks, which hold the cross..in place. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shedn.² Brit. /ʃɛd/, U.S. /ʃɛd/ Forms: Middle English–1500s shadde, 1500s–1600s shad, 1600s shedde, 1700s sheed, 1600s–1800s dialect shade, 1500s– shed. Etymology: apparently variant shade n., where compare the forms Old English sced , Middle English (Ayenb.) ssed(e , 15th cent. shad(de . The development of the senses explained below was probably more or less due to association with shud n. (now dialect, synonymous with this word). 1. a. A slight structure built for shelter or storage, or for use as a workshop, either attached as a lean-to to a permanent building or separate; often with open front or sides. The special purpose is indicated by a defining word prefixed, as cow-, cart-, goat-, tool-shed. ΘΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > outhouse(s) > [noun] little houseOE outhouse1301 housingc1384 house of officec1405 officesa1422 easement?a1425 shed1457 outhousing1583 outbuilding1600 outroom1602 outoffice1630 office-house1632 out-hut1856 shedding1883 nushnik1945 1457 in R. Arnold Chron. (c1503) f. xxv/2 All thoo in the said cite..that ocupye houses not inhabited as shoppis Celars shaddys. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 11 A yerde..In whiche was a shadde [Du. een vaste schuere] where in were six grete dogges. 1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. C.iii^v For Tumbrels and cartes, haue a shed redy dight. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 51 A Fisherman of Yarmouth..hung the residue [of his draught of herrings]..in the sooty roofe of his shad a drying. ?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) ix. 314 Sheds [Gk. σηκοί] stuft with Lambs and Goates, distinctly kept. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 74 In such a season born when scarce a Shed Could be obtain'd to shelter him or me From the bleak air. View more context for this quotation 1701 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 517 Three small sheds built against the towne wall. 1723 London Gaz. No. 6146/8 The Shops and Sheds in and about Lincoln's-Inn. 1731 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1890) VIII. The building of a sheed in the Castle of York for the High Sheriffe's coach. 1798 Hull Advertiser 30 June 1/1 On the north side stands a work-house and a shade. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 223 The milch cows are generally fed in the house or in a shade. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality iv, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. IV. 69 They withdrew to the stable, or shed, in order to accommodate their horses. 1870 Inq. Yorks. Deaf & Dumb 68 [Employed] in the power-loom shades..as a thrower. 1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 7/1 Behind this is a shed..where the cattle are kept before being slaughtered. b. A similar structure, but large and strongly built; often consisting of a roof supported on columns. Also Australian and New Zealand, short for wool-shed n. at wool n. Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > outhouse(s) > [noun] > types of skilling1389 haghouse1400 hovel1435 back shed1535 cot-house1606 boorachc1660 linhay1695 spring house1755 woodshed1764 cookhouse1802 tool-house1817 shed1855 drive shed1869 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > sheep-shearing > [noun] > shearing-shed wool-shed1846 shed1855 shearing-shed1857 open shed1871 1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. (at cited word) Some sheds, as those connected with railway-termini, wharfs, &c., are most substantial structures. 1857 F. De B. Cooper Wild Adventures Austral. 105 He was bound for the shearing through New England. By this time, most likely, he has set in at some of the sheds on the Namoi. 1886 R. Kipling Among Railway Folk i, in Wks. (1900) XVII. 165 On the fourth [side] it is bounded by what are locally known as the ‘sheds’; in other words, the station, offices, and workshops of the Company. 1887 J. C. Harris Free Joe (1888) 254 The passenger-depôt..—it is known as the ‘Car-shed’ in Atlantese. 1893 H. Lawson Coll. Prose (1972) II. 24 Men tramping in search of a ‘shed’ are not called ‘sundowners’ or ‘swaggies’; they are ‘trav'lers’. 1911 C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling v. 50 They were rich men—shearers—probably making from one big shed to another. 1913 Times 3 May 8/2 Last night a disastrous fire broke out at the Trafalgar shed of the Midland Railway Company at Bradford. 1940 F. Sargeson Man & Wife (1944) 47 We got a job picking up fleeces in a big shed. 1955 G. Bowen Wool Away! (1956) 2 Good weather, good shed, good sheep, good boss, and a good gang create an atmosphere of work and action. c. = hangar n. 2 ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > airfield or airport > [noun] > hangar aerodrome1902 hangar1902 garage1909 shed1909 air shed1915 1909 Daily Chron. 3 Nov. 1/6 They have been watching the great shed gradually nearing completion.., and have been eagerly awaiting the advent of the airship. 1916 H. Barber Aeroplane Speaks 27 The Aeroplane is wheeled out of its shed on to the greensward of the Military Aerodrome. 2. a. poetic. A hut, cottage, poor dwelling. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] hulka1000 boothc1200 hull?c1225 lodge1290 hottea1325 holetc1380 tavern1382 scalea1400 schura1400 tugury1412 donjon?a1439 cabinc1440 coshc1490 cabinet1579 bully1598 crib1600 shed1600 hut1637 hovela1640 boorachc1660 barrack1686 bothy1750 corf1770 rancho1819 shanty1820 kraal1832 shelty1834 shackle1835 mia-mia1837 wickiup1838 caboose1839 chantier1849 hangar1852 caban1866 shebang1867 humpy1873 shack1878 hale1885 bach1927 jhuggi1927 favela1961 hokkie1973 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne ii. lviii. 31 The first Aletes, borne in lowly shed, Of parents base. 1637 J. Milton Comus 12 Courtesie, Which oft is sooner found in lowly sheds With smoakie rafters, then in tapstrie halls. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Baucis & Philemon 30 At last an hospitable House they found, A homely Shed. 1751 T. Gray Elegy v. 6 The swallow twitt'ring from the straw-built shed. 1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 10 He..Sees no contiguous palace rear its head To shame the meanness of his humble shed. 1783 G. Crabbe Village i. 5 Can poets sooth you, when you pine for bread, By winding myrtles round your ruin'd shed? b. gen. A structure that affords shelter or covering; the hiding place, lair or nest of an animal. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter burrow1577 sheltera1616 shed1616 abri1761 awning1826 the world > animals > by habitat > habitat > [noun] > dwelling place or shelter houseOE denOE holdc1275 lying-placea1382 coucha1398 homea1398 logis1477 starting-hole1530 cabbage1567 lodge1567 lair1575 lay1590 squat1590 hover1602 denning1622 start-holea1641 bed1694 niche1725 shed1821 lying1834 basking-hole1856 lie1869 homesite1882 holt1890 lying-ground1895 1616 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 122 We had greate canes of the China Capt. to make an arbor or shed for a vyne. a1653 Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 40 I here doe lye, Without a shed scorch'd with a swelt'ring skye. 1695 W. Congreve Love for Love Epil. sig. a3^v For still in every Storm, they all run hither, As to a Shed, that shields 'em from the Weather. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 121 The fields and meadow grass Will gladly hide their [the peewits'] careless shed. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 196 The scouting rabbit seeks her shed. 3. A covering; cf. shade n. 11. †a. ? A lid. ΘΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > closure for a vessel, tube, etc. > lid lidc1000 coverclec1384 lampc1386 cover1459 covertil1463 coverturea1475 covering1479 cure1502 shed1612 bred1808 top1958 1612 in Antiquary (1906) XLII. 29/1 Item in the lofte nexte the gatehouse a Troughe, a Tubbe with a Shed, a boultinge hutche [etc.]. b. In a telegraph-line insulator, a covering in the form of an inverted cup, a ‘petticoat’. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > [noun] > line > insulators shackle1852 shed1852 1852 Brit. Patent 13,938 (1857) 7 In the ordinary plan of insulation it has been usual to employ sheds, roofs, or inverted bell insulators. 1910 Hawkins' Electr. Dict. Shed of Insulator, the petticoat of a line wire insulator. 4. [By analogy with barn n. d] In nuclear physics, a proposed unit of area of nuclear cross-section equal to 10⁻²⁴ barn (10⁻⁴⁸ cm.²).The unit is impracticably small and appears to have had minimal use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > [noun] > apparent area of > unit measuring > smallest shed1956 1956 W. C. Michels et al. Internat. Dict. Physics & Electronics 820/2 Shed, a unit of nuclear cross section equal to 10⁻²⁴ barn or 10⁻⁴⁸ square centimetre. 1965 Guinness Bk. Records (ed. 12) 80 The smallest unit of area is a ‘shed’, used in sub-atomic physics. 1968 F. Kertesz Lang. Nucl. Sci. (Oak Ridge Nat. Lab. TM 2367) 20 During the study of the neutrino, a much smaller surface was used in theoretical studies and the area 10⁻⁴⁴ cm²[sic] was quite logically named the shed; however, this latter name did not receive general acceptance. 1979 New Scientist 12 July 168/2 The Shed..seems to me to be less witty [than the barn]. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 1b.) shed-boss n. Π 1892 W. E. Swanton Notes on N.Z. ii. 97 Then there is the ‘shed boss’, who looks after everything, sees the sheep are shorn properly, takes the tally, looks after pressing etc. 1940 E. C. Studholme Te Waimate 110 In the early days the manager acted as shed-boss. shed-hand n. Π 1905 W. Baucke Where White Man Treads 229 The shed-hands and shearers were mostly Maoris. 1961 N.Z. Listener 26 May 8/1 The two shedhands played their unending game of poker. b. shed-smithy n. Π 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. iv. vi. 266 There, in their two hundred and fifty shed-smithies,..let them forge gun-barrels. c. shed-fashion n. Π 1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 61 The roofs were made shed-fashion, rising from the inner side. shed-wise adv. Π 1650 in Sussex Archaeol. Coll. (1872) 24 280 The said cottage and stable is built Shedwise against the Castle wall of Tymber and Mudd walles. d. shed-like adj. Π 1835 R. Willis Remarks Archit. Middle Ages ix. 140 A long, low, shed-like porch. 1899 H. R. Haggard Farmer's Year 352 The kirk..is a very plain building, white-washed and shed-like in appearance. shed-shaped adj. Π a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) iii. 246 A shed-shaped tent will catch and reflect the heat like a Yankee-baker. e. In sense ‘kept, employed, done in a shed’. shed-cow n. Π 1898 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 9 415 When an outbreak occurs among a herd of shed-cows. shed-feeding n. Π 1856 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. 841/1 In some trials of shed-feeding. shed-man n. Π 1857 Househ. Words 27 June 605/1 At large stations they [the porters] form two distinct bodies, called technically yardmen and shedmen. C2. shed master n. one in charge of a locomotive shed (see quot. 1921). ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway worker > [noun] > one in charge of locomotive shed shed master1921 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §700 Shed master, in charge of smaller locomotive shed than that supervised by shed superintendent. 1960 Times 2 Sept. 6/6 He should have sent a message to the shed~master. 1978 J. Blackburn Dead Man's Handle 8 How the shed-master had cursed when he heard the old steamer come clanking home with a fractured bearing. shed roof n. a roof with only one slope (as in a lean-to shed); hence shed-roofed adj. ΘΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > roof > [noun] > types of roof generally vaulta1387 plat-roofa1425 pend1454 faunsere1460 compassed roofa1552 terrace1572 sotie1578 crown1588 arch-roof1594 arch1609 under-roof1611 concameration1644 voltoa1660 hip roof1663 French roof1669 oversail1673 jerkinhead1703 mansard1704 curb-roof1733 shed roof1736 gable roof1759 gambrel roof1761 living roof1792 pent roof1794 span-roof1823 wagon-head1823 azotea1824 rafter roof1825 rooflet1825 wagon-vault1835 bell-roof1842 spire-roof1842 cradle-roof1845 packsaddle roof1845 open roof1847 umbrella roof1847 gambrel1848 packsaddle1848 compass-roof1849 saddleback1849 saddle roof1850 curbed roof1866 wagon-roof1866 saw-tooth roof1900 trough roof1905 skillion roof1911 north-light roof1923 shell roof1954 green roof1984 knee-roof- 1736 in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1908) 3 45 The Shead Ruff of Cap^t Cressap's house. 1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 61 It is probably the best and cheapest method to make them with shed-roofs. 1817 in Hist. Coll. Essex Inst. (1866) VIII. 235 These [carriages] are..built like our mud-scows, with a shed roof over your head, looking like a floating ropewalk. 1850 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 5) I. 432 The body of a church is span-roofed and its aisles shed-roofed. 1904 T. Watson Bethany (1920) 8 Springing off from the main roof, other rafters reached downwards to rest upon outer plates—forming a shed-roof; the half of this, being closed in with planks, made a shed-room. 1907 M. C. F. Morris Nunburnholme 76 The chancel itself had a shed-roof of mean description. 1976 ‘O. Bleeck’ No Questions Asked xii. 130 Above the wall I caught a glimpse of a white-graveled, sloping shed roof. shed-room n. U.S. a shed attached to a house and serving as a room. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room by situation > [noun] > others garden room1619 tablinum1715 garden apartment1751 piazza1773 turret-room1803 shed-room1843 hall-room1859 return room1869 mid-place1871 stoep-room1880 sun space1907 1843 Knickerbocker 21 304 I had in the morning secured a bed in a shed~room. 1877 Rep. Indian Affairs 40 A dwelling house for the sawyer..with shed-room, box style. 1889 Cent. Mag. Apr. 913/2 There Nanky placed her eye to a crack and peeped through into a tiny shed-room adjoining. 1904 T. Watson Bethany (1920) 8 Springing off from the main roof, other rafters reached downwards to rest upon outer plates—forming a shed-roof; the half of this, being closed in with planks, made a shed-room. 1932 H. Crane Let. ?Jan. (1965) 395 We've relegated him to the shed-room in back of the kitchen. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). shedn.³ Brit. /ʃɛd/, U.S. /ʃɛd/ Etymology: < shed v.¹ rare. Something that is or has been shed: e.g. a silkworm's cocoon; a light fall of snow; the cast shell of a crab. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > parts which are shed shed1648 exuviae1653 1648 R. Herrick Hesperides sig. H5 And then he dons the Silk-worms shed, (Like a Turks Turbant on his head). 1876 R. D. Blackmore Cripps vii A little powdery shed of flakes had come at noon that very day. 1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Shed..5. That which is or has been shed, as the molted shell of a crab or other crustacean. Colloq. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shedn.⁴ Brit. /ʃɛd/, U.S. /ʃɛd/ Etymology: Compare scad n.⁵ and shad salmon ‘small salmon of from five pounds' to eight pounds' weight’ ( Shropshire Word-bk. 1879). local. A young salmon from one to two years old. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Salmo > salmo salar (salmon) > from one to two years sprag1790 shed1861 1861 Act 24 & 25 Victoria c. 109 §4 All migratory fish of the genus salmon, whether known by the names..gravelling, shed, scad,..or by any other local name. 1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland II. 68 [Salmon] from one to two years old; before it has gone to the sea, it is known as a shed, skegger [etc.]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † shedn.⁵ Forms: Also shede, sheade. Etymology: Variant of schede n. Obsolete. A written paper; = schede n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > writing on specific things > [noun] > on paper chartera1382 paper1389 shed1510 schede1566 cartel1693 1510 J. Stanbridge Vocabula (W. de W.) C ij b Scheda, a shede. 1590 Calepini Dict. (1594) II. 531 Scheda..Angl. A sheet or shed of paper. ?1591 H. Barrow Brief Discouerie False Church To Rdr. sig. Aiij Where such was the rage of the enimie, as he [the author] might not keepe one sheade by him, whiles he was writinge of an other. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2021). shedadj. Brit. /ʃɛd/, U.S. /ʃɛd/ Etymology: past participle of shed v.¹ †1. Separated; ? in several ownership. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > owning > [adjective] > jointly owned i-menec1000 shed1425 undivided1528 1425 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Ld. Middleton (1911) 107 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 5567) XXVII. 1 No man with comyn herd ne with sched herd com on the wold after gresse be mowen to it [be] maked and led away. 1425 in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Ld. Middleton (1911) 108 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 5567) XXVII. 1 Nother comyn herd ne sched herd com' in the qwyte corn feld to the korn [be l]ad awey. 2. Fallen; discarded, cast off. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [adjective] shedc1430 castaway?1542 outcastc1560 discarded1593 moulted1776 out-thrown1869 junked1915 the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > [adjective] > permanent or discarded shedc1430 deciduous1657 marcescent1727 fugacious1750 permanent1776 shrivelling1776 persisting1777 persistent1785 sphacelate1785 shedding1796 sphacelated1806 caducous1808 restant1828 fugitive1830 horarious1866 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [adjective] > having antlers > shed or discarded (of antlers) shed1847 c1430 Chev. Assigne 119 Of sadde leues of þe wode wrowȝte he hem wedes. 1847 H. Miller Test. Rocks (1857) viii. 318 It is not credible that all the solid shed antlers of such a species of deer could be carried by the same cause to such a distance. 1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 43 The shed bark hanging over its branches and clinging to its trunk like a sheeted ghost. 3. Of blood, tears (see shed v.¹ 7, 8). Also dialect of liquids: Spilt. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of spilling or that which is spilled > [adjective] spilt1483 shed1824 spilled1865 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > [adjective] > let out > spilt spilt1483 shed1824 spilled1865 slobbed1887 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [adjective] > of blood > shed blood shed1899 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > [adjective] > emitting > emitting copiously > emitted copiously effused1621 broached1633 outpoured1824 shed1899 1824 L. L. Cameron Pink Tippet iii. 17 ‘There is no use in crying for shed milk,’ answered Betty. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 155 Clots formed in shed blood. 4. (See shed v.¹ 2b.) ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > threads in process of weaving > [adjective] shed1839 beamed1851 floating1878 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1285 The weaver..drives the fly~shuttle swiftly from one side of the loom to the other, between the shed warp yarns. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shedv.¹ Brit. /ʃɛd/, U.S. /ʃɛd/ Forms: Past tense and participle shed. Forms: Old English sc(e)ádan, scédan, Middle English shode(n, scheode(n, Middle English scheade(n; Middle English Ormin shædenn, Middle English–1500s shede(n, Middle English ssede, Middle English schede(n, Middle English–1600s, 1700s–1800s dialect sheed(e, sched, Middle English scheed, Middle English–1500s schedde, 1500s Scottish schad, scheid, 1500s–1600s shedd(e, 1500s–1700s, 1800s dialect shead, 1700s dialect shade, Middle English– shed; 3rd person singular present indicative Old English -scǽt, -scát, -sceát, Middle English schet, Middle English shat. past tense Old English -scéd, -scēad, Middle English sad, Middle English–1500s sched; Old English sc(e)ádde (? scēadde), Middle English scedde, Middle English schedde, shadde, Middle English scede, chadde, Middle English ssedde, Middle English shed(d)e, schadde, Middle English scade, Middle English schad, shad, Middle English–1500s schede, shadd, 1500s Scottish s(c)hedd, schaid, 1500s–1600s shead, 1600s (1800s dialect) shodd, shod, Middle English– shed; Old English sceádade, Middle English schedide, Middle English scheded, Middle English scheddet, Middle English–1500s scheddit, 1800s dialect shedded, sheaded. past participle Old English sceáden (? scēaden), Middle English sceden, Middle English scheden, scede, Middle English schede, shede; Middle English sced(d, i-sced, sad(d, Middle English (Ormin), Middle English shadd, Middle English shad (Middle English yshad), Middle English i-schod, y-ssed, Middle English schad, yshed, yschad, Middle English xad; Middle English–1500s sched (Middle English schedd, isched, Middle English isedd, yssed, Middle English shadde, Middle English–1500s shedde, 1500s Scottish scheid, Middle English, 1500s Scottish schedde (Middle English yschedde), 1800s dialect shod, shud, Middle English– shed; Old English gesceádad, Middle English–1500s shedded, 1500s sheeded. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A Common Germanic verb (wanting in Scandinavian), originally strong (reduplicated): Old English sc(e)ádan , scēadan , past tense sc(e)ád , scēad , past participle sc(e)áden (? scēaden ), corresponds to Old Frisian skêda , skêtha weak (modern Frisian skiede , schêde , North Frisian skêr , skial , skias ), Old Saxon skêdan , skêthan , past participle giskêthan , Middle Low German schêden , scheiden , Middle Dutch schêden , scheiden , schêen , scheien (modern Dutch scheiden , past tense scheidde , past participle geschieden ), Old High German sceidan , past tense sciad , scied , past participle gisceidan (Middle High German scheiden , past tense schiet , past participle gescheiden ; modern German scheiden , past tense schied , past participle geschieden ), Gothic skaidan , past participle skaidan-s ; the verb in all these languages has the sense to separate, divide; the forms represent two distinct types of the Germanic root, skaiþ- (: skῑþ- ) and skaiđ- (: skῑđ- ); for cognates in Germanic see sheath n.¹, shide n. The pre-Germanic skeit-: skoit-: skῑt-, from which both the Germanic types descend (with difference due to consonant-ablaut), is not directly represented outside Germanic, but is probably related to the widespread Indogermanic root sk(h)eid-: sk(h)oid-: sk(h)id-, occurring, e.g., in Sanskrit čhid- to split, Lithuanian skëdżù I make thin, separate, divide, skëda chip of wood, Greek σχίζειν to split, σχίζα billet of wood, Latin scindĕre to cut, cleave.The original Old English sc(e)ádan would normally yield (midland and southern) Middle English and modern English shode, which is occasionally found in writings from the 12th to the 15th cent. It would appear that by the side of the original form Old English had (presumably in certain districts, but evidence is lacking for localization) an altered form scēadan, with change of rising into falling diphthong; from this the modern shed/ʃɛd/ descends by a development parallel to that of bread, dead, < Old English bréad, déad. The Old English verb retained its strong conjugation in West Saxon, but in Northumbrian occurs only as weak (usually with forms -scēadade, -scēadad on the analogy of the ō stems; rarely contracted scēadde). In early Middle English there were forms like sched past tense, scheden past participle, representing the original strong conjugation; forms like schedid, representing the weak forms of Old English; and forms like schĕdde, schĕdd, probably not representing Old Northumbrian scēadde, but new formations due to the analogy of verbs like rede (read), lede (lead), etc. The modern past tense and participle shed are probably to be regarded as representing the last type of conjugation, which was by far the most frequent in Middle English. 1. a. transitive. To separate, divide. Now only dialect, chiefly in farming uses: To separate (lambs) from the ewes, or (calves) from the cows; to separate (cattle, sheep) from the herd or flock. †to shed the shanks (Scottish): to set the legs apart. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (transitive)] to-twemec893 sunderOE asunderOE shedOE dealOE shill1049 skillc1175 to-twinc1175 twinc1230 disseverc1250 depart1297 slita1300 to-throwc1315 parta1325 drevec1325 devisec1330 dividec1374 sever1382 unknit?a1425 divorce1430 separea1450 separate?a1475 untine1496 to put apart1530 discussa1542 deceper1547 disseparate1550 apart1563 unjoint1565 shoal1571 divisionatea1586 single1587 dispart1590 descide1598 disassociate1598 distract1600 dissolve1605 discriminate1615 dissociate1623 discerpa1628 discind1640 dissunder1642 distinguish1648 severize1649 unstring1674 skaila1833 cleave1873 dirempt1885 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate or isolate [verb (transitive)] shedOE depart1297 externec1420 deforce1430 sequesterc1430 enstrange1483 estrange1523 separate1526 alienate1534 segregate1542 foreign1598 excommunicate1602 stranger1608 dissociate1623 discorporate1695 disincorporate1701 atomize1895 twine1895 ghetto1936 the world > space > relative position > posture > position of specific body parts > position specific body part [verb (intransitive)] > legs striddle1530 to shed the shanksc1553 straddle1565 stroddle1607 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > cut out ride1790 shed1791 shoot1824 to run off1861 to cut out1862 cut1903 OE Soul & Body I 145 Forðan ðu ne þearft scearmian, þonne sceadene beoþ þa synfullan ond þa soðfæstan on þam mæran dæge, þæs ðu ne geafe. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16865 & forr þi wass þatt name hemm [sc. the Pharisees] sett Forr þatt teȝȝ wærenn shadde. Swa summ hemm þuhhte. fra þe follc. Þurrh haliȝ lif. & lare. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 67 Ure louerd ihesu crist..shodeð þe gode fro þe iuele. Et statuet oues a dextris..and shodeð þe rihtwise an his rihthalue. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 199 Þe ȝetewart..ach to windwe hweate. schade þe eilen & þe chef from þe cleane cornes. c1315 Shoreham iii. 63 Þat doþ þat manye yschoded [altered to y-schodred] ben Fram heuene-ryche festes. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 266 Quan al man-kinde..Sal ben fro dede to liue brogt, And seli sad fro ðe forwrogt. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 174 He salle sched vs o sonder, fro Acres salle we go. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 305 Þer scheltron sone was shad [Langt. sevré] with Inglis þat were gode. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 136 Logique hath eke in his degre Betwen the trouthe and the falshode The pleine wordes forto schode, So that nothing schal go biside. a1400 Relig. Pieces (E.E.T.S.) 61 The sonne to schede þe day fra þe nyght. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 77 Wallace mycht nocht a graith straik on him get. Ȝeit schede he thaim; a full royd slope was maid. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 15 Schulderis wer schorne and sched the bodie fra. c1553 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xi. 28 God..myndeth now to..shede out the Gootes from the Shepe. c1560 A. Scott Ballad Wanton Wemen in Poems 30 For conȝie ȝe may chawcht hir To sched hir schankis in twane. 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. i. f. 60 The mighty river Gyndes being in this sort shed and derived into .360. brookes. 1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 994, in Wks. (1931) I. 172 Iudge ȝe gif he hir schankis shed. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. xxv. 234 In the view and account taken of the captives there were some of them known to be Tusculanes, who were shed apart from the rest. 1677 W. Nicolson Gloss. Cumbrian Dial. in Trans. Royal Soc. Lit. (1870) 9 318 Shed, to part asunder. 1791 J. Learmont Poems Pastoral 276 I've lambs to shed, and sheep a clipping too. 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 425 Shed, to separate; to separate the calves from the cows, we shed them. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 87 The sheep selected for market are the best conditioned at the time, and to ascertain this it is necessary to handle the whole lot and shed the fattest from the rest. 1921 Kelso Chron. 26 Aug. 2 A better never lifted paw, To shed or wear off a stell. 1942 R. B. Kelley Animal Breeding xv. 140 The shepherd has to shed or separate these [marked sheep] from the flock of 20. 1949 Scots Mag. Sept. 463 Wicket-gates for ‘shedding’ the sheep into various pens. 1951 N. M. Gunn Well at World's End xvii. 131 Some evenings ago, I fell in with a shepherd. I had shed one of his ewes and ultimately run her into a corner. 1977 Field 13 Jan. 55/2 The shepherd guided the dog to cut out, or ‘shed’ the marked sheep. 1981 I. A. Gordon in N.Z. Listener 27 June 86 When you shed sheep they are out in the open. absolute.1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 618 Those shepherds who dog, force, and shed much about a march, I consider them as bad herds for their masters as for the neighbouring farmer. †b. To set apart, draft off from a community. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate or isolate [verb (transitive)] > draft off from a community shed1584 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. i. f. 54 They ioyned felowship with other their countreymen which before tyme were shed from the city to inhabite that place. †c. reflexive. To separate oneself, part from; to come apart. Also (of troops) to scatter asunder. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)] > part shedc1175 dissever1488 diverta1575 society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (reflexive)] > disband shedc1175 dismand1598 disband1603 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (reflexive)] > separate from shedc1175 sever1569 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (reflexive)] > go away in all directions shedc1400 scatter1535 sever1591 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate [verb (reflexive)] sunderOE sheda1578 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (reflexive)] sheda1578 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3200 Forrþrihht anan he..shadde himm all þweorrtut fra menn. c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 7764 He schet aboute him fer & ner..The Gregeis offte In-sunder hem scheded. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) II. 90 The new wark zeid frome the auld and sched the self. †d. intransitive for reflexive. To separate, divide, come apart; to part company; to depart; to part with a possession. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > part or go away in different directions dealc1000 shedc1000 twin?c1225 departc1290 to-go13.. parta1325 severc1375 disseverc1386 to part companya1400 discontinue1576 to fall apart1599 flya1677 separate1794 dispart1804 split1843 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separate, come, or go apart [verb (intransitive)] to-dealeOE shedc1000 asunderOE to-twemea1225 sunderc1225 twin?c1225 atwin?a1400 to make separationc1450 separe1490 twain15.. sever1545 unsever1609 spread1611 separate1638 disclaim1644 to come apart1764 to go separate ways1774 twine1886 the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] > part with or let go twinc1330 forbeara1400 twina1400 to depart withc1485 omit1531 to depart from1548 to leave hold1556 sunderc1600 impart1606 ungrasp1621 disfingera1652 shed1667 to leave go1776 unclutch1816 part1818 dispart with1820 c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 116 Þonne dæg & niht scade, drince þonne þone drenc. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (Rolls) 991 Þe Gregeys schadden sone asonder. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 411 Þow wost wel when þy perle con schede, I was ful ȝong & tender of age. 1572 L. Mascall tr. D. Brossard L'Art et Maniere de Semer v, in Bk. Plant & Graffe Trees 37 Ye shall binde it so, till the fruites or cliftes be couered..with your sayde hempe, except the oylet and his tayle, the which ye must not couer, for that tayle will shed apart, if the shielde doe take. a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye iv. iii, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 548 Thou showldest foresee, that fagott sticks do hold, Together fast, and seldome list to shedd. 1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Hij^v Such was the loue, and reuerence they her bure, Ilk day whill euen, ay whill they shedd at night. 1603 Philotus lxxxix. sig. D2 Be Christ I sall thy nurture nip, Richt scharply or wee sched. 1667 Guthrie's Christian's Great Interest (ed. 4) 141 If thou hast a desire after Jesus Christ,..and canst not think of parting with his Blessed Company for ever; or if thou must shed with him, yet dost wish well to him [etc.]. 2. transitive. a. To part, or divide (the hair; also the hair or wool of an animal). Also reflexive of the person. Now Scottish and dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > parting > [verb (transitive)] sheda1387 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 369 Þey used to schere of þe heere of hir heed from þe molde to þe nolle, but to fore þey hadde lokkes i-schod [β. ysched; L. discriminatam] hongynge doun to þe mouth. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 101 Bot with no craft of combes brode Thei myhte hire hore lockes schode. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18848 Metli har was on his chin, And als his hefd was scheud [Gött. sched] in tuin. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Judith x. 3 Sche schedide [1382 platte] the heer of hir heed. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. lxxiv. 103 I loue better..to keembe myn hed, to shode me [Fr. grauer mon chef]. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxii Than take hym & shede the wole with thy fyngers there as the scabbe is, and with thy fynger lay a lytell terre therupon. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 717/1 Shede your heare that hangeth so yvell favouredly aboute your eares. 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. C viij b A fellowe lyke a man..red hedded, curld rounde about & shedded afore. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 411 Make a salue thereof, and with your finger annoint all the sore places, sheading the haire as you go. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iv. vii. 206 The Combe is..of most vse with women for shedding and trimming their haire and head-tires. 1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis vi. 111 Her haire She forthwith sheds. 1822 A. Cunningham Trad. Tales I. 275 He shed back his long and moistened locks from a burning and bewildered brow. 1832 W. Motherwell Poems 41 Let me shed by your hair. 1844 A. Rodger in D. Robertson Songs for Nursery 44/2 Let me shed your shining hair. 1888 C. M. Doughty Trav. Arabia Deserta I. 595 He was of goodly great stature, with..hair shed..and hanging down from the midst in tresses. intransitive for reflexive.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1690 Faxe fyltered..Þat schad fro his schulderes to his schyre wykes. b. Weaving. To divide (the warp-threads), to make a ‘shed’ in (a web). Cf. shed n.¹ 6. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [verb (transitive)] > weave > processes involved in reed1812 skewera1834 shed1839 float1878 fill1889 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 1285 The weaver..thus sheds the warp, by lifting and depressing each alternate thread. 1863 J. Watson Theory & Pract. Weaving 196 It has been explained how a common Web is shedded, and a few words will show the difference for the shedding in this loom. †3. a. To cleave, divide (something) with a knife, weapon, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > division by cutting > divide by cutting [verb (transitive)] cutc1300 shed13.. tamec1400 to-carvec1400 discidea1513 share?1566 shred?1566 dissect1608 slit1638 disecta1690 sned1889 13.. K. Alis. 2772 Ac, ar the gate weore y-loke, Mony ponne was to-broke;..And mony brayn was y-schad. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 425 Þe scharp of þe schalk..scade hit in twynne. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bv Ane schene scheild & ane schaft that scharply was sched. †b. transferred. Of birds, fishes: To ‘cleave’ (the air, the water) in flight or swimming. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > [verb (transitive)] > cleave the water in swimming shed?a1500 the world > animals > birds > flight > [verb (transitive)] > cleave the air shed?a1500 a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Preaching of Swallow l. 1667 in Poems (1981) 66 The foulis..Scheddand the air with pennis grit and small. 1599 A. Hume Hymnes sig. C2 The little friand fish in flude, and dentie volatil, Quhilks shedds the waters, & the winds, he traps them at his wil. †4. a. To scatter, sprinkle; in later use only, to sow (seed). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter broadcast shedc1000 sprengeOE discatterc1330 shatterc1330 sowa1387 spilla1400 shadec1425 sparklec1440 scatter?c1450 distribute?c1510 sparse?1550 to cast seed1577 bescatter1859 to sow, scatter, throw, etc. broadcast1874 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > sowing > sow seed [verb (transitive)] sowc1000 besowc1175 inseminate1623 to put in1657 sprain1744 shed1770 to get in1771 seminate1796 broadcast1807 seed1814 c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 38 Wiþ wyrmum on eagum genim beolonan sæd scead on gleda. c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) i. met. i. 4 Heeres hore ben schad [L. funduntur] ouertymelyche vpon myne heued. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxxviii. 9 He..shede the seed into the erthe. 1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 535 The seede which was shed the former yeere. 1633 P. Fletcher Piscatorie Eclogs v. ii. 28 in Purple Island That primrose there, Which 'mongst those violets sheds his golden hair, Seems the sunnes little sonne, fixt in his azure spheare. 1770 A. Hunter in A. Hunter et al. Georgical Ess. III. iii. 110 The drill-plow..which by..shedding the seed and covering it, leaves the land stocked with plants. figurative.1414 26 Pol. Poems (1904) 58 Þan god wil..Drede and stryf among hem shede. †b. To disperse, scatter; to rout, put to flight. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > drive away in all directions to-driveOE to-dreveOE to-skairc1175 scattera1300 skaila1300 disparplea1325 sheda1325 discatterc1330 to-scattera1382 sparple1382 to-rusha1387 to-sparplea1387 deperpeyla1400 rat1402 sever1412 to-ratc1440 disparklec1449 scarkle1450 sparklea1470 disperse1503 shudderc1540 sparse1549 dissipate?c1550 to wap sindry1563 squander1622 rout1641 to feeze about1689 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 672 Ðat folc is wide on lon sad. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 493 Þere sche bode here knyȝtes þat were al i-sched. a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 18 in Poems (1981) 111 The northin wind had purifyit the air And sched the mistie cloudis fra the sky. 1633 P. Fletcher Purple Island xii. lxv. 175 His tail, whose folds were wont the starres to shed, Now stretcht at length, close to his belly clings. c. dialect. To rake out (a fire). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning house > clean house or room [verb (transitive)] > clean out fire skeer1673 skail1790 shed1873 1873 A. G. Murdoch Lilts on Doric Lyre 26 I had shed my fire, An' hame was ettlin' to retire. d. To throw off, repel (rain, sunlight, etc.). Now chiefly dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > repel > rain, sunlight, etc. shedc1400 shridec1400 c1400 Anturs of Arth. (Douce) ii Schurde in a short cloke, þat þe rayne shedes. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) ii. lxii. 318 Neither must they be made as some are flat at the top, and shallow, but ascending pyramid wise, smaller and smaller till it come to the top, for thereby it..sheddeth off the raine much better. 1774 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. 30 Aug. (1778) The elevation would shed off the rain, and prevent its lodging in the ears. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 69 But it sheds the sun weel aff. 1885 Harper's Mag. Apr. 796/2 As a shaggy dog sheds water from his coat. 1886 C. Scott Pract. Sheep-farming 99 The straw has finally to be raked down on the outside, so as to shed rain well. †e. reflexive and intransitive. To be dispersed, scatter. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter or be dispersed [verb (intransitive)] scatterc1430 shedc1485 sprattlea1500 spirtle1725 squander1823 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > go away in all directions > be driven in all directions to-flyc1000 to-drevea1225 sparplec1330 to-shedc1330 skaila1400 disparplec1400 scatterc1430 sparklec1440 shedc1485 disrout1525 disparkle1553 shattera1620 disperse1665 squander1823 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (reflexive)] scatter1535 shed1589 dispersea1616 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 57 The bataill of pompee began to sched, and till jrk, and toke the flicht. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 429 Lyke ony scheip tha schudrit all and sched, Quhair euir tha come befoir his face tha fled. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Oct. 35 Sike prayse is smoke, that sheddeth in the skye. 1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Aiiij The great Empire of..Alexander, like a flame of fire in a heape of flaxe, when it was at the highest, did shed it selfe suddainlie in the ayre. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine v. xviii. 173 That the Pillar of smoak which ascended from the sacrifice, curled onely upwards in direct wreaths to heaven, without any scattering, or shedding it self abroad. 5. a. To spill (liquids), let fall (crumbs, etc.) Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > let out > spill shed?c1225 spilla1340 slop1557 skail1828 skedaddle1862 slob1894 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (intransitive)] > let spill spilla1340 shedc1450 jirble1760 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 254 Of alle cuðe sunnen as of prude..of sum fals word..of ischake lachtre. of schede cromen oðer ale. of lete þinges mulin. rustin. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2296 Schad was al þe wyn. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Niiii^v The vessell can nat holde the wyne, but anone it breketh, and so shedeth the wyne. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 120^v By carying water in a siue, not shedding one drop from Tiber to the Temple of Vesta. 16.. Boy & Mantle 181 in Percy Fol. MS. II. 311 He said, ‘there was noe Cuckolde shall drinke of my horne, But he shold itt sheede, either behind or beforne.’ 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 315 In pulling forth my Handkerchiefe, I had shed all my money. 1785 J. Trusler Mod. Times II. 83 A bag of tea..was burst, and a good deal of the tea shed. 1839 Sterling Alfred the Harper xviii. Poems 136 Grim sat the chiefs;..His iron mace was grasped by one, By one his wine was shed. 1848 S. Ockley Hist. Saracens (ed. 5) 216 (note) The crafty Harmozanda shed the vase to the ground. 1866 E. Waugh Ben an' th' Bantam iv. 73 His jackass..broke her pitcher, an' sheeded th' milk. 1866 E. Waugh Ben an' th' Bantam iv. 74 Are yo noan beawn to pay for th' milk 'at wur shed, then? absolute.c1450 J. Lydgate Stans Puer (Lamb. 853) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 31 Fille not þi spoon lest in þe cariage It scheede bi side. †b. intransitive. Of a liquid: To spill over. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > overflow > [verb (intransitive)] > of a vessel overfloweOE runc1225 overruna1450 to run over1530 shed1601 overbrim1607 to set over1608 to well over1843 1601 R. Dolman tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. III. 262 If one put neuer so little water into a vessell alreadie brimme-full, the vppermost part thereof will shedde ouer. 6. transitive. To pour, pour out. (The ordinary rendering of Latin fundere, effundere, etc.) †a. Of a personal agent: To pour (water, etc.). Also with out. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] ayetOE yetOE hieldc1200 shed?c1225 pourc1330 peera1522 brew1581 swill1605 sile1787 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream > specifically of a person shed?c1225 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 238 Effunde sicut aquam cor tuum. Schet us [read ut] aswater þinheorte. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxiv. 6 And so Moyses took the half parti of the blood, and putte it into chalices: and that other party he shedde [L. fudit] vpon the auteer. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xxxvi. 1295 Cerusa is ygendred and comeþ of vapour of strong vynegre schedde vpon þynne plates of leede. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 247/2 He shadde water on his hede and baptysed hym in the name of Jhesu Crist. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/2 I shedde out lycoure out of a vessel. 1595 W. S. Lamentable Trag. Locrine iii. Prol. 11 A subtill Adder..Priuily shead his poison through his bones. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 37 Then doth he take a faire large bull..And twixt his hornes pure wine he sheads. 1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis ii. 56 Banefull poyson; which she sheads Into her bones, and through her liuer spreads. b. Of a vessel, receptacle, a fountain, etc.: To pour forth (its contents). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > action or process of emitting copiously > emit copiously [verb (transitive)] outyeta1400 effundc1420 shed1430 diffude?a1475 skail1513 effuse1526 diffuse1541 flow1550 outwell1590 spend1602 pour1604 exfuse1612 effude1634 profund1657 efflux1669 profuse1771 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream runeOE ayetOE yetOE hieldc1200 pourc1330 bleed1377 spouta1398 wella1398 outyeta1400 wellc1400 effundc1420 streama1425 shed1430 diffude?a1475 skail1513 peera1522 effuse1526 diffuse1541 flow1550 gusha1555 outpoura1560 brew1581 outwell1590 spend1602 spin1610 exfuse1612 guttera1618 effude1634 disembogue1641 profund1657 efflux1669 decant1742 profuse1771 sluice1859 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1494) viii. xii[i]. D j Which lyke a conducte vpon euery syde Shad out water as any cristall clere. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. xvii. 47 They are..Veins and Arteries..which end at the Heads of the Caruncles, into which they shed their wheyish humor. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xvi. 4 As when a fountain sheds Dark waters streaming down a precipice. †c. reflexive. Of a river, etc.: To discharge itself. Also, to overflow over its banks. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > flood or flooding > flood or overflow [verb (reflexive)] shed1555 the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > action of river > [verb (reflexive)] > disembogue empty1553 shed1555 unburden1578 disburden1600 discharge1600 void1600 dischannel1607 disgorge1607 disengorge1610 enwave1628 expose1632 engulf1634 degorge1635 exhaust1833 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions i. iii. 34 Gently sheadyng hymself ouer his bancques, he [Nilus] leaueth in the countrie a merueilous fertilitie. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 696 Coc making no long course sheadeth himselfe into Wherf. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §28 34 The riveret Sid shedding itself into the sea. †d. figurative. To ‘pour out’ (one's heart, feelings, prayers, etc.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > give expression to sayOE talkc1275 soundc1386 outc1390 shedc1420 utterc1445 conveya1568 discharge1586 vent1602 dicta1605 frame1608 voice1612 pass?1614 language1628 ventilate1637 to give venta1640 vend1657 clothe1671 to take out1692 to give mouth to1825 verbalize1840 to let out1853 vocalize1872 c1420 Prymer (1895) 67 [ Ps. xlii. 4] I biþouȝte of þese þingis, & y schedde out in me my soule. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. BBBii^v Ronne to our lorde and shede forthe your hert before hym. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 111 And throuch thair prayers, quhilkes ydenly w^t al diligence thay sched for thair cuntrey, appeir to mitigat the ire of God. e. To emit, give forth, pour out (spawn, eggs, †seminal fluid, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > reproductive substances or cells > [verb (transitive)] > emit spawn, eggs, etc. shedc1386 c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 503 Vnkyndely synne by which man or womman shedeth hire nature in manere or place ther as [etc.]. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) xiii. xxvi. 458 Ryuer fysshe and fresshe of marreys sheden more theyr pesen and ofter than other fysshe. a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1046 Take also wel in mynde. Ȝef þou haue sched þyn owne kynde, Slepynge or wakynge nyȝt or day. ?1548 J. Bale Comedy Thre Lawes Nature ii. sig. Bvj^v I was with Onan not vnacquaynted, Whan he on the grounde hys increase shed. 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 93 These male fishe as they passe still onwarde shed theyr seede by the way. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 154 There is a Fountaine, or a statua of a woman..and this statua shed water from all the haires of the head. 1630 Order in R. Griffiths Ess. Jurisdict. Thames (1746) 66 Roaches do then shed their Spawn. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 109 From their Groins they shed A slimy Juice, by false Conception bred. View more context for this quotation 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. I. 465 [Polypi] which, if they discharge any thing, shed blood. 1855 R. Browning Epist. 24 I have shed sweat enough, left flesh and bone On many a flinty furlong of this land. 1864 Rep. Sea Fisheries Comm. (1865) II. 1189/1 This was fresh spawn just shed. 1880 Times 21 Dec. 6/4 The large number of salmon just ready to shed their eggs. 7. a. To cause (blood) to flow from the body by cutting or wounding; to let fall (a person's blood) on the ground, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > draw or drain of blood yeteOE spilla1125 shed?c1225 outbleedc1475 dispill1522 sow1535 broach1573 exsanguinate1849 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > let fall or drop shed?c1225 dropc1315 fallc1475 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 295 Þis blod for ou isched up on þe arre twa treon schal maken ow sarraptaines. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2587 Heo smiten to-gædere..redde blod scede rinkas feollen. c1290 Beket 2185 in S. Eng. Leg. 169 Forto gaderi of þe blode þat i-sched was on þe grounde. a1300 Cursor Mundi 1129 His blod on erth sced lijs. c1300 K. Horn (Laud) 920 Cubert hem broute al honder He schedde of here blode And makede hem al wode. a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxxix. 101 Blodwite: þat is quite of amerciementes for blod isedde. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 429 Þe blood reed, Þat þe mayde Wynefrede Schadde at þat putte. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4151 Þat na blod o him be schedd. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxxi. 307 In that Cytee is no man so hardy, to schede Blode of no man. c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 275 Ȝe xal drynk myn blood with gret devocyon, Wheche xal be xad ffor mannys love. c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 376 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 18 Ger wipe myn blud of ȝon stede, quhare I for þe gert it be schede! 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. UUUv^v After that all his blode was shedde. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7929 My body hath þou brisit, & my blode shed. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 3 Ulysses here the Blood of Victims shed. 1847 L. H. Kerr tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Servia 128 Their attendants had already come to blows, and did not separate until blood had been shed. b. With pregnant sense. (a) to shed the blood of (another person or persons): to kill in a manner involving effusion of blood; often loosely, to kill by violent means (whether blood is literally shed or not). So to shed blood: to destroy human life by violent means. to shed much, little blood: to destroy many, few lives. (b) to shed (one's own) blood: to undergo wounds or violent death in battle, martyrdom, or the like (for some person or cause, one's country, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] forsweltc888 sweltc888 adeadeOE deadc950 wendeOE i-wite971 starveOE witea1000 forfereOE forthfareOE forworthc1000 to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE queleOE fallOE to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE to shed (one's own) blood?a1100 diec1135 endc1175 farec1175 to give up the ghostc1175 letc1200 aswelta1250 leavea1250 to-sweltc1275 to-worthc1275 to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290 finea1300 spilla1300 part?1316 to leese one's life-daysa1325 to nim the way of deathc1325 to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330 flit1340 trance1340 determinec1374 disperisha1382 to go the way of all the eartha1382 to be gathered to one's fathers1382 miscarryc1387 shut1390 goa1393 to die upa1400 expirea1400 fleea1400 to pass awaya1400 to seek out of lifea1400–50 to sye hethena1400 tinea1400 trespass14.. espirec1430 to end one's days?a1439 decease1439 to go away?a1450 ungoc1450 unlivec1450 to change one's lifea1470 vade1495 depart1501 to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513 to decease this world1515 to go over?1520 jet1530 vade1530 to go westa1532 to pick over the perch1532 galpa1535 to die the death1535 to depart to God1548 to go home1561 mort1568 inlaikc1575 shuffle1576 finish1578 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 relent1587 unbreathe1589 transpass1592 to lose one's breath1596 to make a die (of it)1611 to go offa1616 fail1623 to go out1635 to peak over the percha1641 exita1652 drop1654 to knock offa1657 to kick upa1658 to pay nature her due1657 ghost1666 to march off1693 to die off1697 pike1697 to drop off1699 tip (over) the perch1699 to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703 sink1718 vent1718 to launch into eternity1719 to join the majority1721 demise1727 to pack off1735 to slip one's cable1751 turf1763 to move off1764 to pop off the hooks1764 to hop off1797 to pass on1805 to go to glory1814 sough1816 to hand in one's accounts1817 to slip one's breatha1819 croak1819 to slip one's wind1819 stiffen1820 weed1824 buy1825 to drop short1826 to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839 to get one's (also the) call1839 to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840 to unreeve one's lifeline1840 to step out1844 to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845 to hand in one's checks1845 to go off the handle1848 to go under1848 succumb1849 to turn one's toes up1851 to peg out1852 walk1858 snuff1864 to go or be up the flume1865 to pass outc1867 to cash in one's chips1870 to go (also pass over) to the majority1883 to cash in1884 to cop it1884 snuff1885 to belly up1886 perch1886 to kick the bucket1889 off1890 to knock over1892 to pass over1897 to stop one1901 to pass in1904 to hand in one's marble1911 the silver cord is loosed1911 pip1913 to cross over1915 conk1917 to check out1921 to kick off1921 to pack up1925 to step off1926 to take the ferry1928 peg1931 to meet one's Maker1933 to kiss off1935 to crease it1959 zonk1968 cark1977 to cark it1979 to take a dirt nap1981 the world > life > death > killing > kill [verb (intransitive)] to shed blood?a1100 to let blood?c1225 to be (a person's) priesta1450 shortena1535 kill1535 to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568 to trip (also turn, tumble, kick, etc.) up a person's heels1587 to make dice of (a person's) bones1591 to put out (also quench) a person's light(s)1599 account1848 to fix1875 society > faith > worship > martyrdom > cause martyrdom [verb (transitive)] > suffer martyrdom to shed (one's own) blood?a1100 the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > be killed [verb] > by bloodshed to shed (one's own) blood?a1100 beshed1474 the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > kill [verb (transitive)] > by bloodshed to shed the blood of?a1100 society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > [verb (intransitive)] > suffer death to shed (one's own) blooda1400 the world > life > death > manner of death > die in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > die violently perishc1275 to shed blood?1473 to die in one's shoes1694 to come to a sticky end1904 (a) ?a1100 Ags. Ps. xiii. 6 Hrade fot heora to aȝeotenne [Trin. Coll. MS. to scedende] blod. c1275 Passion Our Lord 346 in Old Eng. Misc. 47 Þe gywes were ful bysie to scheden his blod. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 73 He mid vnriȝhte hadde i-sched mani ane mannes blod. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 239 Moche uolk weren ysslaȝe and moche blod þer y-ssed. 1382 J. Wyclif Psalms cv. 38 And thei shadden [1388 schedden] out the innocent blod. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11805 Hu had he hert to sced þair blod þat neuer did til him bot godd? 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1494) viii. x[i]v. D iij b And where he rode cristen blode he shadde. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 77^v Many ther were that her blood was shedde on the lande. a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Passioun in Poems (1998) I. 35 His precious blude agane thay sched. c1560 A. Scott Ps. li. 58 Lord God, deliuer me, and gyd Frome schedding blude, and homicyd. 1577 J. Grange Garden in Golden Aphroditis sig. Qij Bloud shall be shedde for bloud, and life shall pay for lyfe. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 27 That day in that feild was sched mekle scotis blude. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 37 Relentless Love the cruel Mother led, The Blood of her unhappy Babes to shed. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 236 The Thoughts of shedding Humane Blood for my Deliverance, were very Terrible to me. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. xii. 292 He is a man of holy church—we may not shed his blood. 1838 G. P. R. James Robber I. ii. 32 I will shed no blood, except in our own defence. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. vi. 100 They shed blood they had no right to shed. (b)12.. Song. Virg. 15 in Old Eng. Misc. 194 Bi-sek him..Þat for ous alle sad is blod.a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1616 For heom ich chadde mi blod.c1315 Shoreham i. 83 To wesschen ous cryst schedde his blod And water out of hys wonde.?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 311^v I my self haue shedde moche of my blood.c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 1009 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 252 Þat haly nowmir to fulfil, þat sched þare blud for cristis sak.a1535 J. Fisher Wayes to Perfect Relig. in Eng. Wks. (1876) i. 385 Men and women for his loue haue shead theyr bloud.1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 109 This monark [sc. Alexander] sustaining infinite labor, and cheerefully sheading his bloud.1707 J. Freind Acct. Earl of Peterborow's Conduct in Spain 173 My Subjects are in a disposition to shed the last drop of their Blood for me.1844 tr. M. T. Asmar Mem. Babylonian Princess II. 63 This spot, where our Saviour shed his blood to save all mankind from everlasting death. 8. To emit and let fall in drops. a. With tears as object. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > lachrymal organs > flow [verb (transitive)] > shed tears shedc1175 to water one's eyesa1500 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > emit in drops or trickle shedc1175 berainc1420 drizzle1543 dribble1589 trickle1602 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > weep for [verb (transitive)] > shed (tears) weepc900 shedc1175 greetc1300 fallc1475 raina1560 blubber1583 vent1632 to let fall1816 to turn on the main1836 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 157 Swiche teres scedde M. Magdalene þa heo wosch ure drihtenes fet. 1423 Kingis Quair cxvii And of my cristall teris that bene schede, The hony flouris growen vp and sprede. a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. C.vij in Whole Wks. (1587) Marke what teares they shed. c1610–15 Life Holie Elflede in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 102 Who can recounte what plentie of teares she shodd for her owne sinnes, and the necessities of gods church. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 37 A Tear that our Saviour shed over Lazarus. 1862 M. E. Braddon Lady Audley's Secret III. iii. 97 He could only shed childish tears of despair and terror. 1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 45 One [child] was sobbing and shedding tears. slang.1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) 226 Shed a tear, to take a dram, or glass of neat spirits... ‘Now then, old fellow, come and shed a tear!’ †b. absol. To shed tears. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > weep [verb (intransitive)] greetc725 weepc900 tearc950 plore1373 beweepc1374 to put one's finger in one's eye1447 waterc1450 lachryme1490 cryc1532 lerma1533 tricklec1540 to water one's plants1542 to show tears1553 shower1597 issuea1616 lachrymate1623 sheda1632 pipe1671 to take a pipe1671 to pipe one's eye (also eyes)?1789 twine1805 to let fall1816 whinnya1825 blub1866 slobber1875 blart1896 skrike1904 water-cart1914 a1632 J. Webster & W. Rowley Cure for Cuckold (1661) ii. i. C4^v O Urse, give me leave to shed! c. With object rain, dew, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > let fall or drop > in drops dripec893 dripc1000 dropa1340 shed1590 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iii. sig. P2 And when she spake, Sweete wordes, like dropping honny she did shed. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 111 Rising Cynthia sheds her silver Dews. View more context for this quotation c1730 A. Ramsay Masque 106 And cease, black clouds, to shed, or wet, or snaw. 1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms iii. 293 When evening sheds her dew. †d. intransitive. Of rain, snow, etc.: To fall. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > [verb (intransitive)] fallOE shedc1386 to ding onc1650 c1386 G. Chaucer Monk's Tale 843 But swich a reyn doun fro the welkne shadde That slow the fyr. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 956 Hir brest..Schon schyrer þen snawe þat schede[ȝ] [MS reads scheder] on hillez. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 506 Schyre schedez [MS reads schedeȝ] þe rayn in schowreȝ ful warme. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) ii. lxii. 319 If anie raine happen to fall thereupon, yet it may by no meanes sinke into the Hiue, but rather fall off, and shed vpon the earth. 9. transitive. To send forth as an emanation. a. To throw (light) upon something. literal and figurative.In the figurative use of the phrase shed is in our quots. not found before the 19th cent.; earlier throw or cast was used. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > shine [verb (transitive)] shedc1200 showa1400 yet?c1400 throw1565 reflex1590 emit1626 fling1637 projectc1645 strike1697 slip1873 shine1889 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 161 Þis edie maiden seinte marie of hire holie licame shedeð þat soðe liht þe lihteð alle brihte þinges on eorðe and ec on heuene. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17883 Þat light es nu apon vs schede þar we sitte in þe schadu of dede. c1402 J. Lydgate Compl. Black Knight 3 And Phebus gan to shede his stremes shene Amid the Bole. 1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum Ded. sig. A3 In euery place, as Cynthia sheds her beames. 1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor viii. 24 The stars shone in a clear blue sky, shedding a calm serene light. a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) xiii. 496 O most loving Soul! Placed on this earth to love and understand, And from thy presence shed the light of love. a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1876) 3rd Ser. xxi. 272 He has been shedding a glory round human life. 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia II. iv. 70 A lamp of strange form hung from the ceiling, and shed a dim and lurid light. 1860 G. J. Adler tr. C. C. Fauriel Hist. Provençal Poetry xvi. 351 It is on these antecedents that I shall first endeavor to shed some light. 1865 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend II. iii. vi. 45 You come like I don't know what..shedding a halo all around you. 1912 Times 19 Oct. 7/3 The statement..sheds little light upon a situation still enveloped in mystery. †b. With inverted construction: To suffuse with light. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > illumination > illuminate [verb (transitive)] onlighteOE enlightOE alemeOE alightOE lightOE belighta1200 lightena1382 clear1382 alightenc1384 lumine1387 clarify1398 shine1398 shed1412 beamc1430 enlymec1440 illumine1447 enlumine1481 illustre1490 enclear1509 elumine1532 illuminate1535 unshadow1550 illightena1555 allumine1570 eluminate1580 unnight1594 enlighten1595 to strike up1598 illume1604 luminate1623 illustrate1625 unbenight1629 emblaze1637 burn1712 alluminate1726 lamp1808 enkindle1870 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. 2771 Sche..sawe..þat þe ferþe parte Of þe mone was schad with newe liȝt. c. To give forth, diffuse (fragrance, sound, heat, etc.); to pour out, impart (influence, blessings, qualities, etc.). Also with adverbs, abroad, †forth, †out. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > introduction or bringing in > introduce or bring something in [verb (transitive)] > infuse sheda1325 bedew1340 distil1393 informa1398 transfusec1425 pourc1451 infudea1500 infuse1526 tan1530 colour1536 suck1549 imbrue1565 dewc1572 inspire1576 steep1603 infect1605 imbreathe1609 impregn1652 transfund1670 influence1691 bleed1866 render1885 taste1904 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit send971 stretchc1275 casta1300 sheda1325 manda1350 to throw outa1413 yielda1450 devoida1475 render1481 reflair1509 sup out1513 to give out1530 utter1536 spout1568 to give fortha1586 to let fly1590 to put out1614 eject1616 evacuate1622 ejaculate1625 emit1626 fling1637 outsend1647 exert1660 extramit1668 exclude1677 emane1708 extromita1711 evolve1772 emanate1797 discharge1833 exsert1835 to give off1840 a1325 Prose Psalter xliv. 3 Grace is shadde in þy lippes. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy i. 2612 And holsomm bawme is schad among þe grene. c1500 Melusine (1895) iv. 22 This might not be perfightly knowen, yf thou shadd nat vpon the men somwhat of thy full & deuyne grace. 1525 W. Tyndale Prol. to N.T. Prol. Tyll Christ have..powred into him that selfe good thynge whych he shedeth forth afterwarde on other. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rom. v. 5 For the love that god hath vnto vs is sheed abrod [Gk. ἐκκέχυται] in oure hertes [so later versions] by the holy gost, which is geven vnto vs. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Acts x. E The gifte of y^e holy goost was shed out also vpon the Heythen. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. Pref. (ad fin.) Now God vouchsafe to shead out his blessing vpon this worke. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. iv. 47 The heate which the Sunne sheadeth into vs from aboue. 1642 H. More Ψυχωδια Platonica sig. N^v Wakend by piercing trump, that farre doth shed Its searching sound. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 130. ⁋11 All the Prosperity and Success which Heaven ever shed on a Mortal. 1716 J. Gay Trivia ii. 41 Now, heaven-born Charity! thy Blessings shed. 1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. viii. 87 For him the stars shine and shed influences upon earth. 1769 T. Gray Ode at Installation Duke of Grafton 73 Bid it round heaven's altars shed The fragrance of it's blushing head. 1807 T. Moore Harp that Once in Irish Melodies 2 The harp that once through Tara's halls, The soul of music shed. 1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Paradiso iv. 115 Whose lively words Still shed new heat and vigour through My soul. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. iii. v. 196 The waving of it shed terror through the souls of men. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xvi. 262 Your piety sheds respectability on us. 1877 R. H. Hutton Ess. (ed. 2) I. Pref. 19 An infinite power shed abroad in the world. absolute.1525 W. Tyndale Prol. to N.T. Prol. Be faith we receave of god, and be love we shed oute agayne. 10. To cast off by natural process. a. To cast off as exuviæ; to undergo the falling of (hair, etc.). Also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > [verb (transitive)] > shed shed1510 the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > cast off part of the body shed1510 skin1773 exuviate1855 moult1869 autotomize1911 the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (transitive)] > cast off part of the body shed1510 uncase1582 moult1774 exuviate1856 the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > cast off by natural process shed1510 the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > cast off by natural process > undergo the falling of shed1510 the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > mouth > tooth or teeth > [verb (transitive)] > shed (tooth or teeth) shalea1697 hull1708 shed1732 the world > life > the body > nail > [verb (transitive)] > undergo falling of shed1899 the world > life > the body > skin > layer of skin > [verb (transitive)] > shed skin shed1899 1510 J. Stanbridge Vocabula (W. de W.) C vj b Depennesco, to multe, or to shede fethers. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/2 I shede my heare, my heare falleth. 1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i. i. 36 Venus Swannes shall shed their siluer downe. 1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 91 The Stag and some other sorts of Deer are subject to shedding and renewing their Horns annually. 1732 A. Monro Anat. (ed. 2) 170 Some more of those [teeth]..are shedded. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 152 A broken and soiled white feather, intersected with one which had been shed from the train of a peacock. 1833 Hunter's Catal. Physiol. Ser. Comp. Anat. Mus. Coll. Surg. I. 100 [Elephants] do not shed their teeth as other animals do that have more than one. 1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. xi. 373 When hens are shedding their feathers they don't lay eggs. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 537 It is very common for the whole of the nails to be shed in the attack. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 809 The epidermis becoming shed. absolute.1879 St. Nicholas Nov. 84/2 He still grows till he is called a ‘Buster’, and then sheds. Then he is called a ‘Soft Crab’.1974 M. G. Eberhart Danger Money (1975) xiii. 139 Her jacket still bore some stray beige hairs from Toby [sc. a cat]; doesn't he ever stop shedding? she thought.figurative and in extended use.1776 S. Foote Capuchin (1778) ii. 116 When the sun and summer of plenty returns, I shall shed my coat like a colt.1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xvi. 121 The floes..now shed off dusty wreaths of snow.1865 A. C. Swinburne Chastelard v. i. 175 The day comes when a woman sheds her sin As a bird moults.1910 Spectator 20 Aug. 269/1 He sheds his bad reputation as a snake its skin. b. Of trees, plants: To lose, cast off (leaves, flowers, bark, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > shed leaves, flowers, or fruit to shake offa1425 fall1510 shed1598 1598 R. Barnfield Complaint of Poetrie in Encomion Lady Pecunia sig. B1^v The Trees (for sorrowe) shead their fading Leaues. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 893 From his slack hand the Garland wreath'd for Eve Down drop'd, and all the faded Roses shed . View more context for this quotation 1798 S. Lee Young Lady's Tale in H. Lee Canterbury Tales II. 295 The myrtles..[were] shedding their uncherished blossoms over the perishing works of man. 1820 P. B. Shelley Ode to West Wind ii, in Prometheus Unbound 189 Thou on whose stream, 'mid the steep sky's commotion, Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed. 1857 D. Livingstone Missionary Trav. S. Afr. xxiii. 462 Some of the bushes and trees are green; others are shedding their leaves. †c. To cause the shedding of (leaves). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > shed leaves, flowers, or fruit > cause to shed shed1697 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 88 When Storms have shed From Vines the hairy Honours of their Head. View more context for this quotation d. Of plants: To let fall, cast (seed) out of the receptacle. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > plant having seed > be or act as a seed-bearing plant [verb (transitive)] > cast seed shed?1523 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xix In some countreis..they do fan their corne, the which is..a great sauergarde for sheding of the corne. 1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 52^v Hops dride in loft, aske tendance oft. And shed their seedes, much more than needes. 1720 P. Blair Bot. Ess. Pref. 6 The Apices..are ready to shed the Dust when it [the Flower] is expanded. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 634 As it is apt to shed its seed when ripe, it is advisable to cut it with the dew upon it. 1862 D. T. Ansted & R. G. Latham Channel Islands iv. xx. 476 Owing to a bad habit of leaving the crops till over-ripe, large quantities are shed on the fields. e. colloquial. To drop, let go; to give away (something of no particular value). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] to let awaya1000 forcast?c1225 to lay downc1275 forthrow1340 flita1375 removea1382 to cast away1382 understrewc1384 castc1390 to lay awaya1400 to lay asidec1440 slingc1440 warpiss1444 to lay from, offc1480 way-put1496 depose1526 to lay apart1526 to put off1526 to set apart1530 to turn up1541 abandonate?1561 devest1566 dispatch1569 decarta1572 discard1578 to make away1580 to fling away1587 to cast off1597 doff1599 cashier1603 to set by1603 moult1604 excuss1607 retorta1616 divest1639 deposit1646 disentail1667 dismiss1675 slough1845 shed1856 jettison1869 shake1872 offload1900 junk1911 dump1919 sluff1934 bin1940 to put down1944 shitcan1973 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. xxi. 184 Whether it had occurred to his good friend, that Society might not unreasonably hope that one so blest in his undertakings..would shed a little money in the direction of a mission or so to Africa? 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 391 I shed a box of lucifer matches on her,..knowing that one of the great charms of a white man to a black is this habit of shedding things. f. transferred. To take off (a garment); to doff, divest oneself of. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > take off clothing to do offeOE to lay downc1275 to weve offc1290 stripc1320 doffa1375 loose1382 ofdrawa1393 casta1400 to take offa1400 warpa1400 to cast offc1400 to catch offc1400 waivec1400 voidc1407 to put off?a1425 to wap offc1440 to lay from, offc1480 despoil1483 to pull offc1500 slip1535 devest1566 to shift off1567 daff1609 discuss1640 to lay off1699 strip1762 douse1780 shuffle1837 derobe1841 shed1858 skin1861 peel1888 pull1888 1858 Lawrence (Kansas Territory) Republican 28 Oct. 1/6 She was compelled to ‘shed’ her woman's ‘fixin's’, and put on a man's breeches and hickory shirt. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xx. 171 The duke shed his coat and said he was all right, now. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 501 You will shed your male garments, you understand, Ruby Cohen? 1976 Times 18 Mar. 1 Cabinet members had been allowed to shed their ministerial cloaks and campaign for their own beliefs. g. Of a share: to fall in price by (an amount). Financial colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > deal in stocks and shares [verb (transitive)] > performance of shares or prices breach1547 shed1947 break1964 split1967 underperform1975 1947 Financial Times 29 Jan. 1/7 Preferences remained comparatively steady, although B.A.G.S. Sixes shed ¹/ ₂ to 22¹/ ₂. 1981 Times 11 Apr. 19/5 Hawker Siddeley added 2p to 266p and Glaxo shed a similar figure at 322p. h. to shed (a, the, etc.) load: temporarily to curtail the electricity supply to an area in order to prevent excessive demand on the generating plant. Cf. load-shedding n. at load n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > place of power generation > reduce supply [verb] to shed (a, the, etc.) load1947 1947 Times 27 Feb. 7/3 The alternative was to go on running every day, and to shed the load because they could not carry the peak load. 1952 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 483/1 And if the local electrician chose the middle of your party to shed a load—well, where were you then? 1975 IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus & Systems XCIV. 360/1 65% of the companies shed 25% or 30% of their load on underfrequency. 1975 IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus & Systems XCIV. 360/2 Most companies shed load in two or three steps. 11. intransitive for reflexive. †a. Of the hair: To fall off. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > villosity or ciliation > [verb (intransitive)] > shed shed?1523 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxv Myllettes..causeth the heer to shede. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/2 Your heares shede, you wyll waxe balde. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 487 The same also being mingled with a certaine oyle and warmed together, and anointed vpon the head of any one, whose haire doth shed,..doth immediatly helpe and cure the same. 1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. I4^v His haire sheds off. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxxvii. 326 We see the haire of women with childe, is apt to shedde. 1756 H. Baker in Philos. Trans. 1755 (Royal Soc.) 49 22 When I saw this man, in the month of September last, they [wart-like growths] were shedding off in several places. b. Of grain: To fall from the ear. Also of leaves or flowers: To drop off. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > grow, move, or curve [verb (intransitive)] > fall off or drop shed1557 shatter1577 shale1578 decide1657 shake1725 shell1828 1557 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandrie sig. C.iiii^v The corne, being ripe, doe but shead as it stande. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health xlix. 57 Artichokes..[are] thought to make euill iuice, especially when the flowers begin to shed. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 313 The seeded pride, That hath to this maturity blowne vp In ranke Achilles, must or now be cropt, Or shedding breede a noursery of like euill, To ouer-bulk vs all. View more context for this quotation 1681 R. L'Estrange tr. Cicero Offices (ed. 2) 103 All Disguises pass away, and shed like Flowers. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 355 The broad leaved Lime..bears a very fine broad Leaf, only it is apt to shed too soon. 1760 R. Brown Compl. Farmer: Pt. 2 81 White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand. 1790 W. Marshall Agric. Provincialisms in Rural Econ. Midland Counties II. 442 To Shade, to shed, as corn. 1844 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 5 i. 284 The wheat..sheds very easily, that is, the corn or grain falls very readily out of the husk. c. Of the young bolls of cotton-plants: to fall prematurely owing to a failure of fertilization or to infection by a disease known as ‘shedding’. ΚΠ 1909 in Cent. Dict. Suppl. 12. To slope. Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > slope pitch?1440 shore?1521 shed1530 batter1546 shoal1621 peck1639 slope1691 rake1722 underlay1728 underlie1778 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 702/1 I shedde, as an hyll dothe slopewyse downwardes to the valley... It is a pleasaunt syght to se howe the hylles shedde on eache syde in to the medowes. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 73/1 A Barn with a sheeding Ridg. 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Q1b If a Rock appears to the Day,..where it seems to cut off, and more especially on Sheeding ground. 1826 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire (ed. 2) To Shead is also to slope down ground regularly. 1857–8 Trans. Illinois Agric. Soc. 3 538 The roof may pitch both ways, or shed at the ends, presenting a gable end in front. 13. The verb-stem in combination: †shed-fork, apparently = pitchfork; †shed-spade, ? a dungfork or graip. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > fork > pitch-fork pikeforkc1275 shakefork1338 pickfork1349 pitchfork1364 pikea1398 bicornec1420 hay-fork1552 shed-fork1559 straw-fork1573 pikel1602 sheppeck1602 corn-pike1611 wain-forka1642 pick1777 pickle1847 peak1892 the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > fork > dung-fork muck-hook1300 muck-forkc1350 muck-hack1362 dung pick1381 dung fork1397 muck crook1446 graip1459 muck-crome1501 muck-drag1545 shed-spade1559 pluck1825 1559 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 134 ij^o shede forks, ij^o shed spaids. 1707 S. Centlivre Platonick Lady iv. iv. 57 All my Rigging hangs as if 'twas zhaked on with a Zhed Vork, as the old Zaying is. Draft additions 1993 Of an employer, etc.: to divest oneself or dispose of (excess workers or jobs), esp. by sacking or redundancy. colloquial (frequently euphemistic). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > lack of work > [verb (transitive)] > make redundant retrench1891 release1918 attrit1953 outplace1970 shed1975 excess1976 1975 Economist 8 Mar. 85 In the year to last September, the industry shed about 100,000 of its workforce. 1979 Times 6 Dec. 21/3 (heading) British Shipbuilders to shed 1,400 workers. 1982 Economist 28 Aug. 22/1 The environment secretary..is fond of using his own department's record in shedding jobs as a stick to wave at local government. 1987 R.A.F. Yearbk. 35/1 Each year, the Arrows shed three pilots and take on an equal number. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shedv.² Brit. /ʃɛd/, U.S. /ʃɛd/ Etymology: < shed n.² 1. †1. transitive. To roof over. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > roof heela1387 theek1387 cover1393 roofc1425 uphead1519 shedc1600 close1659 oversail1673 hovel1688 to cover in1726 c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 175 The 15^th daie of September the forreine buchers beganne to keepe their markett in Leeden Hall, which was sheeded rounde aboute for them to stand dry. 2. transitive. To place in a shed. Also with up (New Zealand colloquial). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > place in house, stall, etc. stall1390 to take up1482 to put up1607 cote1630 shed1850 lair1890 1850 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 11 ii. 419 I have left off shedding my own sheep. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Mar. 2/1 As to hay feeding and shedding during the winter, that is quite impracticable. 1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Oct. 310 Sheep brought in for shearing should be spelled before shedding up, otherwise the pens in the shed get very dirty and much wool is stained. 1981 I. A. Gordon in N.Z. Listener 27 June 86 When you shed-up sheep you put them under cover to prevent their fleeces from getting wet before shearing. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : shetshedadj. < n.¹c950n.²1457n.³1648n.⁴1861n.⁵1510adj.1425v.¹OEv.²c1600 see also
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