shadown.
/ˈʃadəʊ/, U.S. /ˈʃædoʊ/ I. Comparative darkness.
1.
a. Comparative darkness, esp. that caused by interception of light; a tract of partial darkness produced by a body intercepting the direct rays of the sun or other luminary. Cf. sense 11.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > shadow
shadea1000
shadowa1220
scug1513
a1220 Bestiary 648 Ðanne cumeð ðis elp unride, and..slepeð bi ðe tre in ðe sadue.
c1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 159 E pus au boys en umbrail [glossed in the sadwe (szadewe)] Passerom desouz l'overayl.
a1366 Romaunt Rose 1411 And fayre in shadowe was euery wel.
c1421 26 Pol. Poems 104 So soþfast sunne, by hys pouste, Dryueþ awey shadewe.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. i. f. 52 The shadowe of the tree, is contagious.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 249 That the time may haue all shadow, and silence in it. View more context for this quotation
1820 G. Belzoni Narr. Egypt & Nubia iii. 400 Where there is no index to direct the stranger on his way,..nor even a stone or a shadow to shelter him from the sun.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. vi. 42 The fronts of the ridges..remain in shadow all the day.
1902 R. Bagot Donna Diana xxi. 258 She quietly withdrew from the bedside, and stood in the shadow of the curtains at its head.
b. shadow of death: a Biblical expression (= Septuagint and New Testament σκιὰ θανάτου, Vulgate umbra mortis) embodying an ancient interpretation of Hebrew çalˈmāveth, as if < çēl shadow + ˈmāveth death.Ewald and many other scholars, however, think the word should be pronounced çalmūth (or as plural çelāmōth = Arabic ẓalamāt), and that it comes from the Semitic root found in Arabic as ẓalima to be dark. However this may be, it is in the Old Testament merely a poetic word for intense darkness (so the margin of the Revised Version, ‘deep darkness’). But the phrase ‘shadow of death’ has (in English as in Christian Latin and other languages) often been used with various meanings naturally suggested by the words; the commonest use is to denote the gloom and horror of approaching dissolution. the valley of the shadow of death (Psalm xxiii. 4 in English versions from Coverdale 1535; the earlier versions follow the Vulgate and Septuagint, which read ‘midst’ instead of ‘valley’): often applied to the experience of being brought by illness apparently near to the grave. The Land of the Shadow of Death: a rhetorical name for a tract of Western Africa in which the mortality among the white inhabitants is very great.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] > intense darkness
shadow of deathc1050
pitchiness1598
shade of deatha1616
pitch darkness1769
the world > health and disease > ill health > [noun]
unhealc700
untrumnessc897
adleeOE
sicknessc967
cothec1000
unhealthc1000
woe?a1200
ail?c1225
lying?c1225
maladyc1275
unsoundc1275
feebless1297
languora1375
languishc1384
disease1393
aegritudea1400
lamea1400
maleasea1400
soughta1400
wilc1400
malefaction?a1425
firmityc1426
unwholesomenessc1449
ill1450
languenta1500
distemperancea1535
the valley of the shadow of death1535
affect?1537
affection?1541
distemperature1541
inability1547
sickliness1565
languishment1576
cause1578
unhealthfulness1589
crazedness1593
languorment1593
evilness1599
strickenness1599
craziness1602
distemper1604
unsoundness1605
invaletude1623
unhealthiness1634
achaque1647
unwellness1653
disailment1657
insalubrity1668
faintiness1683
queerness1687
invalidity1690
illness1692
ill health1698
ailment1708
illing1719
invalescence1724
peakingness1727
sickishness1727
valetudinariness1742
ailingness1776
brash1786
invalidism1794
poorliness1814
diseasement1826
invalidship1830
valetudinarianism1839
ailing1862
invalidhood1863
megrims1870
pourriture1890
immersement1903
bug1918
condition1920
the world > life > death > [noun] > point of
death's gateOE
the gate(s of death1340
lasta1382
(in) the article (formerly also articles) of death1483
death's door1515
the valley of the shadow of death1535
(one's) last gasp1564
death door1601
extremity1602
on one's last legs1614
verge1750
the Great (Continental) Divide1908
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [noun] > West Africa
Slave Coast1778
white man's grave1836
The Land of the Shadow of Death1897
OE Crist I 118 Synnum bifealdne deorc deaþes sceadu dreogan sceoldan.]
c1050 Lambeth Ps. cvi. 10 Ða sittendan on þeostrum & on sceaduwe deaþes.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cvi. 10 In shadow of ded, þat is in vicious life, þat is, ymage of endles ded.
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 177 The lond of mysese and of derknesse, where as is the shadwe of deeth [= Job x. 22, Vulgate].
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xxii[i]. 4 Though I shulde walke now in the valley of the shadowe of death [so 1611].
1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 75 Now at the end of this Valley, was another, called the Valley of the Shadow of Death . View more context for this quotation
1889 ‘M. Twain’ Connecticut Yankee xli. 526 If you've watched your child through the Valley of the Shadow and seen it come back to life.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 441 The..depressing scenery of the Land of the Shadow of Death—a land that stretches from Goree to Loanda.
1910 London Mag. Dec. 478/2 That Valley of the Shadow of Death which lies between Wolverhampton and Birmingham.
c. figurative with various notions: Gloom, unhappiness; a temporary interruption of friendship; something that obscures the lustre of a reputation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > [noun]
unselthc888
ermtheOE
unselea1023
wellawayOE
wretchhead1154
wandrethc1175
woec1175
wanea1200
wretchdom?c1225
yomernessc1250
balec1275
un-i-selec1275
wan-siðc1275
unseelinessa1300
wretchedheada1300
cursedness1303
wretcheddomc1320
wrechea1325
wretchnessa1330
tribulationc1330
wretchednessa1340
caitifty1340
meeknessa1382
unwealsomeness1382
infelicityc1384
caitifhedea1400
ill liking?a1400
sorea1400
ungleea1400
unweala1400
caitifnessc1400
deploration1490
caitifdoma1500
woefulnessa1513
misery1527
miserity1533
mishappinessa1542
unwealfulnessa1555
tribulance1575
miserableness1613
agony1621
desolatenessa1626
unblissa1628
unhappiness1722
misère1791
shadow1855
valley1882
miz1918
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > depressing quality > depressing thing, person, or circumstances
cloudc1430
palla1450
melancholya1475
downdraughta1681
Job's comforter1738
damper1748
killjoy1776
wet blanket1810
down-drag1814
chill1821
dismals1829
shadow1855
down1856
a skeleton at the feast (or banquet)1857
wet blanket1857
depressor1868
dampener1887
sorry-go-round1898
wet smack1927
bringdown1935
droopy drawers1939
big chill1943
party pooper1947
misery1951
party poop1951
grinch1966
downer1969
1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha x. 140 Love is sunshine, hate is shadow.
1894 A. Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes 38 There never was a shadow between us until this accursed affair began.
1905 Cent. Mag. Aug. 484/1 The episode left an unfortunate shadow on the sportsmanship of the visitors.
d. Psychology. In the theory of C. G. Jung (1875–1961), the dark aspect of personality formed by those fears and unpleasant emotions which, being rejected by the self or persona of which an individual is conscious, exist in the personal unconscious; an archetype in which this aspect is concentrated.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Jung > [noun] > existing in unconscious
shadow1923
1923 H. G. Baynes tr. C. G. Jung Psychol. Types iv. 203 For the sake of understanding, it is, I think, a good thing to detach the man from his shadow, the unconscious... One sees much in another man which does not belong to his conscious psychology, but which gleams out from his unconscious.
1940 S. Dell tr. C. G. Jung Integr. Personality (1941) iii. 70 To take his [sc. the devil's] place there are human beings to whom we gratefully resign our shadows. With what pleasure.. we read newspaper reports of crime.
1940 S. Dell tr. C. G. Jung Integr. Personality (1941) iii. 88 The three archetypes so far mentioned—the shadow, the anima, and the wise old man—are of the kind immediately experienced in personified form.
1959 Listener 29 Oct. 723/2 Jung defined an archetypal image which he called the shadow... The shadow actually became, in his designation, a term which covered a wide variety of impulses and wishes, most of which were felt to be evil or at least inadmissible.
1973 Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. 122 165 The shadow is described as the dark side of the personality or representing the original conception of evil in the world. The latter conception places the shadow in the collective unconscious.
2. plural.† b. the shadows: the shades, Hades. Obsolete. rare.
a. The darkness of night; the growing darkness after sunset.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > [noun] > darkness of night
nightOE
murk nightc1300
shadowsa1382
night-shade1558
the shades (of night, of evening, etc.)1582
owl-light1599
black1683
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. ii. 17 To the time that the dai springe, and shadewes be bowid in.
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ffffffff2/2 Give me such kisses as the Queen of shadows gave to the sleeping boy she stole on Latmus.
1728 E. Young Ocean xix The stars are bright To chear the night, And shed, thro' shadows, temper'd fire.
1865 S. Baring-Gould Now Day is Over i Shadows of the evening Steal across the sky.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > in classical mythology
helleOE
Acherona1393
the shadows1490
Tartara1525
Tartarus1586
Tartaryc1588
the shades1594
Hades1599
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xx. 73 Wherof I shalle make my reporte vnto the pryue goddis, beyng in the lowe shadowes.
3.
a. Painting and Drawing. The darker part of a picture, etc. representing the less illuminated portions of the original. Also the colour used in the tincture of such a part. = shade n. 3 (which is now more usual).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [noun] > shade
shadow1486
dark1653
shade1662
obscure1814
penumbra1826
lowlights1842
cast shadow1849
1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. c viij A dowte theer is yit of a certayn shadow of a mylnerys cros as it shewith here folowyng [etc.].
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Vmbræ pictorum..Shadows cast in peynctyng.
1675 A. Browne Ars Pictoria (ed. 2) App. 9 An Excellent Shadow for Old Mens Bodies, temper Pink, Lake, and Red Lead.
1778 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1779) viii. 19 One of the first rules..respecting his conduct and management of light and shadow, would be what Leonardo Da Vinci has actually given.
1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 365/1 The result is a negative harmonious from high light to clear shadow.
1907 J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 116 The lights being hard and the shadows dense.
b. = eye shadow n. at eye n.1 Compounds 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the face > [noun] > cosmetics for the face > for the eyes > colour for lids and brows
stibiuma1398
stibie1548
calliblephary1601
stibic stone1609
alcohol1615
eyebrow pencil1779
kohl1799
surma1819
darkener1847
mascara1886
eye-black1912
eye shadow1922
eyeshade1923
shadow1936
1936 Time 26 Oct. 39/2 Make-up Man Senz ‘deepened’ Miss Phillips' bulgy eyes with dark brown ‘shadow’.
1966 Vogue Dec. 84/3 Soft liquid shadows in browns, greys and seaweed greens to put in the curve.
1976 ‘E. McBain’ Guns vii. 198 She wears orange lipstick... There is green shadow on her eyelids.
II. Image cast by a body intercepting light.† 9. An outline for a picture. Obsolete.
4. figurative.1803 T. Campbell Poems 4 Coming events cast their shadows before.1853 C. Brontë Villette I. v. 85 I lie in the shadow of St. Paul's.1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 20 Aug. 625/4 The gradual rise of Innsbruck from a little village lying under the shadow of the great castle of the Dukes of Andechs to the..capital city of Tyrol.
a. The dark figure which a body ‘casts’ or ‘throws’ upon a surface by intercepting the direct rays of the sun or other luminary; the image (approximately exact or more or less distorted) which this figure presents of the form of the intercepting body. under or in the shadow of: within the purlieus of, close up against, in proximity to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > image of a person or thing > shadow
shadowc1386
the world > space > distance > nearness > near to [preposition]
nighOE
anentOE
atOE
yhendeOE
anewstc1275
nigh handa1300
neara1325
narc1325
againstc1384
nearhanda1400
towardc1400
towards?1447
nearhand?c1450
nearbyc1485
anear1532
anigh1583
under or in the shadow of1853
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 212 Certes a shadwe hath the liknesse of the thyng of which it is shadwe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19277 Þe seke war born þam for to mete, þat petre scaudu on þaim suld rine þar-of had mani seke medicine.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 188 Wher þat euer he ȝeode, and his schadow glod on a seke body, he was hole anon.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique ii. 56 I solde you not the shadowe of the Asse.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. x. 226 The shaddow is alwaies found to be opposite in place to the Sun-beams.
1760 S. Fielding Ophelia I. xxiii. 191 Lord Larborough..followed me about like a Shadow.
1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 467 Eclipses of the moon are owing to the shadow of the earth falling upon the moon.
1874 tr. E. Lommel Nature of Light (ed. 4) 14 An opaque body is illuminated on that side of its surface only which is turned towards the light, its opposite surface, as well as a space covered by it, the shadow, remains dark.
b. Phrases, to be afraid of one's own shadow: to be unreasonably timorous. may your shadow never grow (be) less! may you keep on increasing (in prosperity)! [A Persian phrase.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > timidity > be timorous [phrase] > be unreasonably timorous
to be afraid of one's own shadow1569
the world > action or operation > prosperity > in prosperous condition [phrase] > wish for another's prosperity
for the state of1395
may your shadow never grow (be) less!1824
floreat1888
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 659 Whether shee were afrayed of her awne shadowe..the truth is, that the whole army returned to their Shippes.
1824 J. Morier Adventures Hajji Baba II. xxviii. 64 ‘May his shadow never be less’, said another.
1863 R. F. Burton Wanderings W. Afr. I. 9 (note) The little fleet—may its shadow never be less!—began with chartered ships.
1887 Referee 2 Jan. (Cass.) The recipients hope..that Sara's shadow may never grow less.
c. As a type of what is fleeting or ephemeral.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > swift movement of time > [noun] > transience > transient thing or being
shadowa1272
breathc1275
cloudc1384
cherry-fair1393
transitorya1500
fume1531
forwhilea1557
flitter1623
ephemeran1643
daysman1658
transient1660
fugitive1683
transiency1728
ephemera1751
ephemeron1771
perishable1822
toadstool1823
evanescence1830
a sometime thing1935
a1272 Luue Ron 32 in Old Eng. Misc. 94 Þus is þes world as þu mayht seo al so þe schadewe þat glyt away.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 715 Man..passes away Als a shadu on the somers day.
?c1415 T. Hoccleve Min. Poems 67 Lyf passith as a shadwe in euery age.
1828 W. Scott Jrnl. 17 Apr. (1941) 226 In this phantasmagorical place [sc. London] the objects of the day come and depart like shadows.
1871 E. Caswall Days & Moments (hymn) ii. i As a shadow life is fleeting.
d. Optics, etc. †right shadow: the figure thrown by an opaque body upon a horizontal plane to which it is perpendicular. †contrary shadow, †versed shadow: the figure thrown by an opaque body upon a vertical plane to which it is perpendicular. geometric shadow: the figure produced upon a vertical screen by extending the lines from a luminous point which envelop an opaque body placed between the screen and the point. †line of shadows: a scale engraved upon some mathematical instruments used in taking altitudes; = quadrat n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > image of a person or thing > shadow > types of shadow
contrary shadow?a1560
right shadow?a1560
shadow-line1764
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > a shadow > specific
contrary shadow?a1560
right shadow?a1560
noon shadowa1646
foreshadow1834
silhouette1843
the world > the universe > cosmology > science of observation > astronomical instruments > measuring altitude > [noun] > quadrant or sextant > part of quadrant or sextant
quadrat?c1400
geometrical square?a1560
plummet?a1560
limb1593
line of shadows1728
limbus1738
horizon-glass1774
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > quadrant, sextant, etc. > part of
line of shadows1728
artificial horizon1762
horizon-glass1774
sunglass1801
false horizon1812
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments for projecting image > [noun] > screen for reception of projected images > figure produced on screen
geometric shadow1882
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xii. sig. D iij v Marke well the diuisions of pointes touched in your scale, if they be of right shadow... But and if they bee of contrarie shadow, worke contrarely.
1647 N. Nye Art of Gunnery ii. 37 But if of contrary or versed shadow, multiply the distance from the middle of your foot by the parts cut.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Quadrat Line of Shadows, is an additional Member on the Face of the common Gunter's and Sutton's Quadrants.
1882 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 581/1 How to place a plane quadrilateral of given form so that its geometric shadow may be a square.
e. transferred. (See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > emission of energy > screened region
shadow1873
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > area of influence > [noun] > protected region
shadow1873
1873 Proc. London Math. Soc. 4 271 Immediately in the rear of a sufficiently large sphere there will be a sound shadow.
1875 J. Tyndall Sound (ed. 3) vii. 317 The possible influence of a sound-shadow.
1883 J. Tyndall Sound (ed. 4) vii. 301 Here, then, we have one cause of the decay of the sound in the neighbourhood of the acoustic shadow.
1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Shadow, a region protected or screened off from radiation of any kind: used with qualification or in composition; as, a sound-shadow; an electric shadow.
f. A dark area in a (positive) radiograph (appearing as a light area in a negative).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > photographs or images obtained by X-ray, etc. > characteristics on
shadow1903
Laue spot1940
1903 W. A. Pusey & E. W. Caldwell Pract. Applic. Röntgen Rays i. v. 120 (caption) Apparatus for orthographic projection of x-ray shadows on fluorescent screen.
1928 A. Turnbull tr. Köhler Röntgenol. 187 Dense bean-like shadows lateral to the upper opening of the hip-joint..have been observed.
1964 le Roux & Dodds Portfolio Chest Radiographs i. 17 (caption) A normal P.A. chest radiograph of a young adult female with dense mammary shadows.
5. In loose or extended use.† b. The faint appearance of something seen through an obscuring medium. Obsolete.
a. A reflected image.A similar use of the corresponding noun is found in many other languages.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > reflection > [noun] > image
shadowc1175
positive image1831
multiple image1863
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 29 Hu maht þu iseon þine sceadewe in worie watere?
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 29 Hie [sc. þe wimman] bihalt hire sheawere, and cumeð hire shadewe þaronne, þe shadewe hire tacheð [etc.].
a1366 Romaunt Rose 1529 He [sc. Narcissus] louede his owne shadowe soo That atte laste he starf for woo.
a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Husbandman l. 2392 in Poems (1981) 89 The schadow off the mone schone in the well.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. ii. 60 Such Mirrors..That you might see your shadow . View more context for this quotation
1692 R. L'Estrange Fables vi. 5 But out of a Greediness to get Both, he [sc. the dog] Chops at the Shadow, and Loses the Substance.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere vi, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 39 And on the bay the moon light lay, And the shadow of the moon.
1803 W. Wordsworth Yarrow Unvisited 44 Let..The swan on still St. Mary's Lake Float double, swan and shadow!
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. vi. 152 The planets which shine above us as little influential of our destiny, as their shadows, when reflected in the river, are capable of altering its course.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > invisibility > [noun] > indistinctness > thing
shadow1594
nebulosity1813
haze1820
shape1834
smudge1871
indistinct1880
1594 H. Plat Jewell House 42 Let the scholler write vpon the shadowe of the text lines.
c. Applied to the appearance of degenerate corpuscles, bacilli, etc. faintly visible under the microscope; also known as shell-shadows.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > bacilli, etc., faintly visible under microscope
shadow1885
1885 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. I. 204 (Cent. Dict. Suppl.) The occurrence of..‘shell shadows’ in the blood after release from the bell jar.
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 83 In tuberculosis..it is not unusual to find in the giant-cells some bacilli..but faintly traceable as unstained, translucent shadows.
6. figurative.† b. Applied rhetorically to a portrait as contrasted with the original; also to an actor or a play in contrast with the reality represented. Obsolete.
a. An unreal appearance; a delusive semblance or image; a vain and unsubstantial object of pursuit. Often contrasted with substance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [noun] > unsubstantiality or lack of substance > something lacking substance > mere appearance or image of something
shadow?c1225
shade1297
phantomc1384
moonshine1468
fume1531
show1547
eggs in moonshine?1558
smoke1559
sign1597
ghost1613
umbra1635
parhelion1636
bogle1793
simulacrum1805
phantasmagoria1821
spectre1849
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 269 He þe nefde naut of sunne bute schadewe ane.
1526 Abp. Warham in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1846) 3rd Ser. II. 42 I..shulde bee as a shadoo and ymaige of an Archebisshop and Legate, voide of auctoritie and jurisdiction.
1611 W. Mure Misc. Poems i. 52 Thy pleasour is bot paine, A dreame, a toy, a schadou.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Hamlet (1623) ii. ii. 260 The very substance of the Ambitious, is meerely the shadow of a Dreame.
1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman ii. 46 Titles are Shadows, Crowns are empty things.
1780 E. Burke Speech Bristol previous to Election ⁋5 The worthy gentleman..has feelingly told us, what shadows we are, and what shadows we pursue.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. xi. vi. 301 The minister..was now determined to seize the substance as well as catch at the shadow.
1840 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. V. i. 4 At present we are in a world of shadows.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation
form?c1225
figurea1340
likeness1340
print1340
nebshaftc1350
resemblancea1393
visagea1400
similitude?a1425
representationc1450
simulacre1483
representa1500
semblance1513
idea1531
image1531
similitudeness1547
type1559
living image1565
portrait1567
counter-figure1573
shadow1580
countershape1587
umbrage1604
medal1608
reflex1608
remonstrance1640
transcript1646
configurationa1676
phantom1690
facsimile1801
personation1851
featuring1864
zoomorph1883
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 19 For Appelles shadowes are to be seene of Alexander, but not Alexanders of Appelles.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream v. i. 210 The best, in this kinde, are but shadowes . View more context for this quotation
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream Epil. 1 If we shadowes haue offended. View more context for this quotation
1609 Euerie Woman in her Humor sig. E4 I haue a dumbe shewe of all their pictures, each has sent in his seuerall shadow.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. ii. 121 To your shadow, will I make true loue. View more context for this quotation
1679 in Spalding Club Miscell. V. 186 He was wont to gaze away whole days on her picture,..practising upon the shadow to fit himself for the substance.
c. An obscure indication; a symbol, type; a prefiguration, foreshadowing.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation > obscure
shadow1382
shadowing1642
landscapea1649
spectre1849
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > [noun] > instance of
shadow1382
prophecya1393
foreshow1548
foreshower1555
prefiguration1579
forepointer1587
foresignification1592
premonstrance1594
prodromus1602
premonstration1610
antetype1612
prodromy1647
pre-significator1669
foretellera1716
presignification1835
foretype1848
prefigurementa1859
foreshadower18..
foreboder1876
forego1880
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Coloss. ii. 17 The whiche ben schadowe of thingis to come; forsoth the body is of Crist.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Bii But all these were but figures and shadowes of thynges to come.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 233 Religious Rites Of sacrifice, informing them, by types And shadowes, of that destind Seed to bruise The Serpent. View more context for this quotation
1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit ii, in Tale of Tub 317 Certain curious Figures,..which were so many Shadows and Emblems of the whole Mystery.
1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xix That eternal world, whereof all here is but a shadow and a dream.
d. Something of opposite character that necessarily accompanies or follows something else, as shadow does light.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [noun] > that which accompanies
purtenancea1382
accessory1429
retinue?a1439
accessaryc1475
companion1533
annexe?1541
hanger-ona1555
supply1567
copemate1581
complement1586
fere1593
adjective1597
annexment1604
annexary1605
attendant1607
adherence1610
adjacent1610
wife1616
fellower1620
coincident1626
attendancy1654
associate1658
appanage1663
conjunct1667
perquisite1667
familiar1668
satellite1702
accompaniment1709
accompanying1761
side dish1775
obbligato1825
shadow1830
rider1859
gadget1917
1830 Ld. Tennyson Love & Death 10 Thou [Death] art the shadow of life.
1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 1 A new type of belief, and of its shadow, disbelief.
e. An imitation, copy; a counterpart. spec. The Opposition counterpart of a cabinet minister; a member of the shadow cabinet (see sense Compounds 2b below).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > an imitation
resemblant1484
patterna1500
counterfeiture1548
counterfeit1587
idol1590
reduplication1592
copy1596
module1608
imitationa1616
mockage1615
echo1622
conduplicationa1631
transcript1646
ectype1647
mime1650
duplicating1659
mimicry1688
replication1692
shadow1693
reproduction1701
mimication?1715
repetition1774
replicate1821
autotype1829
replica1841
re-creation1915
retake1922
mock-up1957
reprise1961
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [noun] > minister in British government > opposition counterpart of
shadow1912
1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 31 I desire you to parallel the Follies and Vices of the Town with the shadows of such in the Country.
1825 T. Hook Sayings & Doings 2nd Ser. III. 362 Everything [on a voyage] goes on with the precision of clockwork, and one day is only the shadow and echo of another.
1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire vii. 134 The Roman Empire was the shadow of the Popedom.
1912 Ld. Lansdowne Let. 23 Feb. in R. Blake Unknown Prime Minister (1955) v. 103 But if the House of Commons ‘shadows’ are to number 11, I don't see how I can leave out Londonderry.
1961 Daily Tel. 1 Dec. 14 The five members of the Labour front bench who have exchanged ‘shadows’.
1975 R. Lewis M. Thatcher i. 4 When he resigned from the leadership, out of all the Shadows, only Lord Carrington, one of nature's gentlemen, went round to his old chief to express his consolation and regrets.
1980 Times 8 Dec. 2/4 Mr Denis Healey..has continued as shadow on Treasury affairs.
f. Used hyperbolically to designate a person extremely emaciated or feeble. Frequently in to wear (oneself or another) to a shadow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > sick person > [noun] > weak person
dwininga1400
molla1425
impotenta1513
gristlea1556
weakling1576
puler1579
puling1579
shadow1588
shotten herring1598
doddle1681
sickrel1699
seven-months1724
wandought1726
wallydraigle1736
wreck1795
werewolf1808
windlestraw1818
weed1825
shammock1828
sickling1834
forcible feeble1844
dwindle1847
weedling1849
crock1876
feebling1887
asthenic1893
dodderer1907
pencil-neck1956
burnt-out case1959
weakie1959
1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. C3 This tragicall discourse of fortune so daunted them, as they went like shadowes, not men.
1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons Ded. 11 Great numbers of miserable and pitiful ghosts or rather shadowes of men.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Cc3v All were faire knights, and goodly well beseene, But to faire Britomart they all but shadowes beene.
1773 Life N. Frowde 8 I hardly eat or drank, and became a perfect Shadow.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. ii. 34 He withered..into the shadow of himself.
1840 C. Dickens Let. ?7 Apr. (1969) II. 51 Commend me to him though he does wear me to a shadow.
1847 C. M. Yonge Scenes & Characters xviii. 236 And poor Lily wearing herself to a shadow, in vain attempts to mend matters.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 176 A stranger, by want to a shadow worn.
1977 Grimsby Evening Tel. 14 May 1/6 He was wearing himself to a shadow touring the country and Holland and Sweden trying to get new contracts.
g. An attenuated remnant; a form from which the substance has departed. Also, the shadow of a name (Latin nominis umbra), a shadowy or faintly surviving renown.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > [noun] > remaining fragment > attenuated
shadowa1569
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > fame or renown > fame after death > [noun] > faint or shadowy
nominis umbra1822
the shadow of a name1837
a1569 A. Kingsmill Viewe Mans Estate (1580) 13 Least instead of a man, ye finde but the shadowe of a man.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xv. 507 But his greatness at home, was but a shadow of the glory he had abroad.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xvii. 29 The emperors themselves, who disdained the faint shadow of the republic.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iv. iv. 200 Who shall become the eloquent soldier of Royalism, and earn the shadow of a name.
1862 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 3) iii. 52 The prerogative of the Crown was reduced to a shadow.
h. A slight or faint appearance, a small insignificant portion, a trace.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a slight touch or trace
specec1330
taste1390
lisounc1400
savourc1400
smatcha1500
smell?a1505
spice1531
smack1539
shadow1586
surmise1586
relish1590
tang1593
touch1597
stain1609
tincture1612
dasha1616
soula1616
twanga1640
whiff1644
haut-goût1650
casta1661
stricturea1672
tinge1736
tinct1752
vestige1756
smattering1764
soupçon1766
smutch1776
shade1791
suspicion1809
lineament1811
trait1815
tint1817
trace1827
skiff1839
spicing1844
smudgea1871
ghost1887
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. B5v Simple, plaine, and of the lowest and meanest stile, vtterly deuoyde of anye shadowe of hie and loftye speeches.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 321 There was no shadow of reason, why [etc.].
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. i. 25 There is not so much as this Shadow of Probability, to lead us to any such Conclusion.
1831 J. Keble Serm. (1848) v. 113 For the shadow of anything like proof of it, we may search far and wide in vain.
1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 751 There is not a shadow of evidence that Harold ever reigned as Under-king in England.
7. A spectral form, phantom; = shade n. 6.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun]
soulOE
huea1000
ghostOE
fantasyc1325
spiritc1350
phantomc1384
phantasmc1430
haunterc1440
shadowa1464
appearance1488
wraith1513
hag1538
spoorn1584
vizarda1591
life-in-death1593
phantasma1598
umbra1601
larve1603
spectre1605
spectrum1611
apparitiona1616
shadea1616
shapea1616
showa1616
idolum1619
larva1651
white hat?1693
zumbi1704
jumbie1764
duppy1774
waff1777
zombie1788
Wild Huntsman1796
spook1801
ghostie1810
hantua1811
preta1811
bodach1814
revenant1823
death-fetch1826
sowlth1829
haunt1843
night-bat1847
spectrality1850
thivish1852
beastie1867
ghost soul1869
barrow-wight1891
resurrect1892
waft1897
churel1901
comeback1908
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 208 Eke he [sc. Rich. II] þoute euyr þat a schadow of a man walkid before him.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 1151 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 62 Þan come a schadow full hugly, blak & blay, & stud hyme by.
a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A4 And I..Will be as cunning as Agrippa was, Whose shadowes made all Europe honor him.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus i. i. 100 That so the shadows be not vnappeazde. View more context for this quotation
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 348 Beleeue mee, king of shadowes, I mistooke. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 264 Whom thus the meager Shadow answerd soon. View more context for this quotation
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ii. 71 At mine head The shadow took his stand.
1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Purgatorio viii. 45 To the valley now..let us descend; and hold Converse with those great shadows.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 153 No handful of earth shall bury me, pass'd to the shadows.
1888 H. Morten Sketches Hosp. Life 48 Every second the silent shadow feared of man drew nearer.
8. One that constantly accompanies or follows another like a shadow.
a. A parasite, toady; also (= Latin umbra) a companion whom a guest brings without invitation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > flattery or flattering > servile flattery or currying favour > [noun] > servile flatterer > parasite
clienta1393
lick-dishc1440
maunche present1440
scambler?a1513
smell-feast1519
parasite1539
hanger-on1549
parasitaster1552
waiter at the table1552
lick-trencher1571
hang-by1579
shadow1579
trencher-fly1590
trencher-friend1590
fawnguest1592
pot-hunter1592
lick-spigot1599
trencherman1599
shark1600
tub-hunter1600
zany1601
lick-box1611
by-hangera1626
cosherer1634
shirk1639
panlicker1641
clientelary1655
tantony1659
led friend1672
sponger1677
fetcher and carrier1751
myrmidon1800
trencher-licker1814
onhanger1821
tag-tail1835
sponge1838
lick-ladle1849
lick-platter1853
sucker1856
freeloader1933
bludger1938
ligger1977
joyrider1990
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 22v Though the pride of their shadowes (I meane those hangebyes whome they succour with stipend) cause them to bee somewhat il talked of abrode.
1616 B. Jonson Epicœne ii. iii, in Wks. I. 542 Laught at by the lady of the colledge, and her shadowes . View more context for this quotation
1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat iii. i. sig. E3v I must not haue my boord pester'd with shadowes, That under other mens protection breake in Without invitement.
b. A spy or detective who follows a person in order to keep watch upon his movements. Cf. shadow v. 12.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > investigation of crime > [noun] > detective > who watches or follows
shadow1859
peeper1908
tail1914
tag1966
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > procedures used in spying > [noun] > following > person engaged in
shadow1859
shadower1889
tail1914
tag1966
1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 78 Shadow, a first-class police officer, one who possesses naturally the power..to follow his quarry.
1890 Daily News 4 Oct. 4/6 The refusal of the magistrates to allow a policeman to be asked whether he was a ‘shadow’.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 8 Aug. 10/2 His duties as official police ‘shadow’ to the Prince of Wales.
c. Westminster School. (See quot.)
ΚΠ
1884 F. H. Forshall Westm. School 4 The master..called me to him, and along with me another boy, whom he assigned to me as my ‘Substance’. I was the ‘Shadow’. The ‘Substance’ was, for the space of a week, responsible for the proper conduct of his ‘Shadow’.
1903 F. Markham Recoll. Town Boy Westm. 231.
d. Football. A player who marks (mark v. 17.) another player in the opposing team.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > association football > [noun] > player > types of
marksman1927
marker1928
stopper1934
full back1958
sweeper1964
back four1966
libero1967
clogger1970
anchorman1974
target man1975
shadow1976
anchor1984
1976 Southern Evening Echo (Southampton) 15 Nov. 13/7 The rare occasions he outwitted his experienced close~marking shadow, Billy Tucker.
1976 Times 2 Dec. 12/2 The ability of Everton's forwards to escape from their marking shadows had been apparent throughout.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing > rough or preliminary
skiagraphy1594
model1613
shadow1656
sketch1668
cartoona1684
schizzo1686
ébauche1722
scratch1752
croquis1805
galloping sketch1834
pochade1846
abbozzo1849
scribbling1863
thumbnail sketch1900
under-drawing1934
bozzetto1935
pensiero1959
1656 H. Jeanes Treat. Fulnesse of Christ 14 in Mixture Scholasticall Divinity Painters, whose first rude or imperfect draught is termed a shadow, or adumbration.
10. Algebra. A symbol having no meaning apart from a symbol of another kind to which it is attached.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical notation or symbol > [noun] > collection or sequence of > requiring to be paired
umbra1851
shadow1898
1898 A. N. Whitehead Treat. Universal Algebra 87 The Greek letters have no meaning apart from the Roman letters to which they assign properties, and therefore should not be written alone. Let these Greek letters be called shadows or umbral letters; and let the Roman letters denoting regions be called regional letters.
III. Shelter from light and heat.† 13. Denoting various appliances for affording shade.figurative.a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iii. 23 Now you have got a shadow, an umbrella To keep the scorching worlds opinion From your faire credit.
11. † b. concrete. That which affords shade. Cf. 13.† c. A shady place. Obsolete.† d. Retirement, seclusion. Obsolete. rare.
a. Protection from the sun; shade. Now rare. †in the shadow = ‘in the shade’ (shade n. 8b).‘Dry it in the shadow’ is a constant direction in pharmaceutical recipes in the 17th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > shadow or shade
shadea1000
shadowa1375
umber1382
umbrage1426
umbrage1541
shrouda1586
umbracle1609
umbra1638
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercepting or cutting off light [phrase] > in the shade
in the shadow1525
in the shade1621
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 754 Vnder a tri appeltre tok him tid a sete, þat was braunched ful brode & bar gret schadue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 8451 Vndir þe shadow of þat tre þe kynde of þingis lerned he.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. ciii. [xcix.] 299 They shall be in the sonne and in great heate, and we shall be in the shadowe and in the fresshe ayre.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxviii. ix. 320 Prepared they ought to bee and dressed, before Autumne, when they be new and fresh washed, & dried in the shaddow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > something affording shade
shadowing1598
parasol1616
shadow1667
1667 A. Marvell Let. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 312 Though..an only Son be inestimable, yet..it is like Jonah's sin to be angry at God for the withering of his Shadow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > overshadowing > shady place
shadowing placea1382
swalec1440
shadow1526
umbracle1653
1526 Grete Herball lxi. sig. Div/2 Betony..groweth on hylles, woodes, & shadowes, & about trees.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 176/1 A Shepheards Bower..[is] called Shades, or shaddows, by the Poets.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > [noun]
privity?c1225
reclusionc1430
abstractionc1450
recess?1532
privacy1534
solitariousness1545
retirea1554
secess1570
privatenessa1586
retirednessa1586
retirement1603
secrecy1607
closeness1612
shadow1612
privatea1616
recluseness1648
abstractednessa1653
recluse1665
abscondence1694
seclusion1785
seclusiveness1822
retiracy1824
secludedness1835
retraite1843
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 39 They..are impatient of priuatenesse, euen in age and sicknesse, which require the shadow.
12. † b. under the shadow of [= French †en l'ombre de, sous(l')ombre de, Italian sotto ombra di] : = under colour of, on pretence of. Obsolete.
a. Overshadowing (of wings, etc.), as affording security; protection or shelter from danger or observation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > means of concealment > [noun]
shadowc1200
blindfolding?c1225
coverturec1374
hiding1382
veilc1384
palliation?c1425
covert1574
panoply1576
hoodwink1577
mask1597
cover1600
screena1616
pretexture1618
purdah1621
subterfuge1621
tecture1624
coverlet1628
domino1836
face shield1842
concealment1847
protective colouring1873
camouflage1885
protective coloration1892
smokescreen1926
cover-up1927
scrim1942
marzipan1945
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter
leeOE
lewthc1000
shadowc1200
coverturec1450
hele?1527
burrow1577
shelter1595
lown1603
umbrage1607
shield1615
lew1908
c1200 Vices & Virtues 101 Vnder ðare scadewe of ðine fiðeres.
a1300 E.E. Psalter xvi. 10 Hile me vnder schadou of þi wenges twa.
1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. viii. 187 Praynge your good grace to resseyue this lityll and symple book made vnder the shadowe of your noble protection.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. v. 6 Such As slept within the shadow of your power. View more context for this quotation
1719 I. Watts O God our Help (hymn) ii Beneath the shadow of Thy throne Thy Saints have dwelt secure.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth I. i. 24 There is no treason, sure, in a man enjoying his own thoughts, under the shadow of his own bonnet?
1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. xiii. 304 She is under the shadow of the British flag, and she shall experience its protection.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 106 Deeds were done under the shadow of his name which we may be sure that in his own heart he abhorred.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [adverb] > under the appearance of
under (the) umber of (or for)1423
by colour ofc1425
under (the) colour ofc1451
under the shadow of1523
with coloura1593
under the umbrage of1674
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxxvi. 206 b He was nat worthy to holde any herytage in the realme of Fraunce, vnder the shadowe of his children.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iv. 146 He stroue (vnder the shaddow of inuented lies) to mitigate the fury of her..disdaine.
a. A handscreen; also a parasol, sunshade.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > shelter > a shelter > an umbrella or parasol > specific for sun
umbrel1603
shadow1604
umbrella1611
sunscreen1738
summerhead1797
sunshade1798
ombrelle1925
ombrellino1964
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies v. xxix. 418 They put vpon him certaine ensignes of feathers, with fannes, shadowes and other things.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ombraire, an Vmbrello, or shadow.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Ombrelle.
b. A woman's headdress, or a portion of a headdress, projecting forward so as to shade the face.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > other
dorlot1340
horn1340
vitremytec1386
templesc1430
bycocket1464
burlet1490
knapscall1498
shapion1504
shaffron1511
paste1527
attire1530
faille1530
muzzle1542
corneta1547
abacot1548
wase1548
wrapper1548
tiring1552
basket1555
bilimenta1556
Paris head1561
shadow1578
head-roll1583
mitre1585
whitehead1588
crispa1592
ship-tire1602
oreillet1603
scoffion1604
coif1617
aigrette1631
egreta1645
drail1647
topknotc1686
slop1688
Burgundy1701
bandore1708
fly-cap1753
capriole1756
lappet-head1761
fly1773
turban1776
pouf1788
knapscapa1802
chip1804
toque1817
bonnet1837
casquette1840
war bonnet1845
taj1851
pugree1859
kennel1896
roach1910
Deely bobber1982
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > hood or brim to protect face
bongrace1530
shadow1578
curtain1788
shade1818
ugly1850
poke1859
sunshade1868
sun visor1920
visor1939
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 44 Besides all this their shadows, their spottes, their lawnes, their leefekyes, their ruffes, their rings: Shew them rather Cardinals curtisans, then modest Matrones.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Velaregli, bone~graces, shadowes, vailes or launes that women vse to weare on their foreheads for the sunne.
1631 R. Knevet Rhodon & Iris iii. i. sig. E3 Shadowes, rebatos, ribbands, ruffes, cuffes and fals.
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 111 Lawne..is much used for fine necke-kerchers, and fine shadowes and dressinges.
c. A tester or canopy for a bed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > bedding > [noun] > canopy
sperverc1330
testerc1380
canopya1382
sparver1440
shadow1604
bed-tester1704
headpiece1759
toldo1772
1604 T. Middleton Blacke Bk. in Wks. (1885) VIII. 25 The testern, or the shadow over the bed.
14. Theatre. A penthouse or roof over the stage. Obsolete exc. Historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > stage > [noun] > parts above stage
shadow1600
fly1805
rigging loft1851
gridiron-floor1881
gridiron1886
fly-gallery1888
grid1927
1600 in Greg Henslowe Papers (1907) 5 Wth a shadowe or cover over the saide Stadge.
1831 J. P. Collier Hist. Eng. Dramatic Poetry III. 305 The projecting tiled roof over the stage [at the ‘Fortune’] is called in this agreement ‘the shadow’, but it is also technically termed ‘the heavens’.
Compounds
General attributive. C1.
a. Simple attributive.
(a)
shadow-side n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [noun] > fact of having distinct sides > one or other side or hand > side facing specific direction > side away from sun
shadow-half1505
shadow-side1570
shadow-part1574
1570 T. Wilson Life Demosthenes in tr. Demosthenes 3 Orations 117 When the sunne was verie hote about noonetide, they both would go on the shadow side of the Asse.
1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 147 If the light is too strong on the nose it must be lowered by bringing up the shade on the cheek, especially on the shadow side.
shadow-streak n.
ΚΠ
1842 Ld. Tennyson Palace of Art (rev. ed.) in Poems (new ed.) I. 141 The ragged rims of thunder brooding low, With shadow-streaks of rain.
(b) (In sense 4.)
shadow-leaf n.
ΚΠ
1957 C. Day Lewis Pegasus 55 Frecklings of sunlight and flickerings of shadowleaf.
shadow-pattern n.
ΚΠ
1943 A. Koestler Arrival & Departure iii. 86 He stared at the ceiling of the dim room on which the shutters projected a streaky shadow-pattern of grey and white ribs.
1967 E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage i. 32 Shadow patterns. If any three-dimensional object is suspended between a bright light and a sheet of white card or paper, and the object revolved, a series of patterns will be made by the shadow of the object on the card.
shadow-show n.
ΚΠ
1859 E. FitzGerald tr. Rubáiyát Omar Khayyám xlvi. 10 'Tis nothing but a Magic Shadow-show.
shadow-tackle n.
ΚΠ
1888 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 105 Shivelights and shadowtackle in long lashes lace, lance, and pair.
shadow-tracery n.
ΚΠ
1885 E. P. Warren & C. F. M. Cleverly Wanderings ‘Beetle’ 72 Lying on the sunny sward, dappled with the restless shadow~tracery of the trees.
shadow-train n.
ΚΠ
1932 W. H. Auden in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1978) Aug. 282 A shadow-train flitted foreshortened through fields.
(c) (In sense 4c.)
shadow-wave n.
ΚΠ
1871 G. MacDonald Wks. Fancy & Imagination II. 11 Scaring shadow-waves o'er fields of corn.
(d) (In sense 7.)
shadow-crown n.
ΚΠ
1844 E. B. Browning Vision of Poets cccxiv The figure of a palm-branch brown Traced on its brightness up and down In fine fair lines,—a shadow-crown.
shadow-king n.
ΚΠ
1896 L. Eckenstein Woman under Monasticism 75 Ebruin..again became house-mayor to one of the shadow kings, rois fainéants, the unworthy successors of the great Merovech.
shadow-patriarch n.
ΚΠ
1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iii. ii. 111 Let those who are delighted with Sciographie, paint out..these shadow-Patriarchs.
shadow-shape n.
ΚΠ
1872 E. FitzGerald tr. Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (ed. 3) lxviii. 18 We are no other than a moving row Of Magic Shadow-shapes.
shadow-wife n.
ΚΠ
1939 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood Journey to War 279 Loss is their shadow-wife.
shadow-word n.
ΚΠ
a1930 D. H. Lawrence Etruscan Places (1932) ii. 42 Pelasgian is but a shadow-word.
1957 E. Partridge Eng. gone Wrong ii. 38 In the U.S.S.R., right is a shadow-word; and rights, something one possesses only theoretically.
shadow-world n.
ΚΠ
1853 C. Brontë Villette I. xiii. 229 Thinking meantime my own thoughts, living my own life in my own still, shadow-world.
1891 F. Thompson Sister-songs (1895) 50 A shadow-world, wherethrough the shadows wind Of all the loved and lovely of my kind.
1953 S. Spender Creative Elem. 93 What Lawrence protested against was not intellect but the kind of intellectualization whereby men create a shadow-world for themselves.
(e) (In sense 13.)
shadow-like adj.
ΚΠ
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxxii. ix. 444 The garbage and skales of the shadow-like Sciæna.
1623 W. Drummond Flowres of Sion 26 Glories breath, Which Shadow-like on wings of Time doth glide.
1844 I. Williams Baptistery II. iv. 90 A something deep, And shadowlike, yet shadowless.
shadow-plant n.
ΚΠ
1885 A. Brassey In Trades 140 ‘Shadow~plants’ which have to be grown in order to protect the young cacao-plants.
b. † shadow ditch n. Obsolete† shadow hedge n. Obsolete† shadow hilet n. Obsolete† shadow place n. Obsolete† shadow tree n. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1568 W. Turner Herbal iii. 54 Nummularia..groweth by hedge sydes, and in shaddowe ditches.
ΚΠ
1602 tr. Pastor Fido I1 Where a shadow hedge [It. vna siepe ombrosa] doth close it in.
ΚΠ
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. iv. 6 And a tabernacle shal ben in to a shadewe hilet of the dai, fro brennyng.
ΚΠ
1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. E vv Astragalus..groweth in places open to the wynde in shadowe places.
ΚΠ
1602 tr. Pastor Fido F 3 b Among these shadow trees.
c.
(a) Instrumental.
shadow-chequered adj.
ΚΠ
1830 Ld. Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nights x, in Poems 54 Many a shadowchequered lawn.
shadow-coloured adj.
ΚΠ
1947 K. Tennant Lost Haven x. 147 In these sweeps of land were shadow-coloured birds and the beautiful midnight blue of the wild pigeons.
1952 R. Campbell tr. C. Baudelaire Poems 43 When you're asleep, dear shadow-coloured wench.
shadow-dappled adj.
ΚΠ
1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago xxv Gazing out over the shadow-dappled lawn.
shadow-haunted adj.
ΚΠ
1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xii. 224 To wander o'er the shadow-haunted sea.
shadow-hung adj.
ΚΠ
1914 ‘Saki’ When William Came xviii. 288 A grey shadow-hung land which seemed to have been emptied of all things that belonged to the daytime.
shadow-peopled adj.
ΚΠ
a1822 P. B. Shelley Homer's Hymn to Mercury xxix, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 304 But we will leave this shadow-peopled cave And live among the Gods.
shadow-stroked adj.
ΚΠ
1866 G. M. Hopkins Jrnls. & Papers (1959) 144 Prettily shadow-stroked spikes of pale green grain.
shadow-vested adj.
ΚΠ
1832 P. B. Shelley Invoc. Misery i Shadow-vested Misery.
shadow-winged adj.
ΚΠ
1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 131 Shadow-winged night hovers nearer above.
(b) Also similative.
shadow-white adj.
ΚΠ
1918 D. H. Lawrence New Poems 54 Into the shadow-white chamber silts the white Flux of another dawn.
d.
(a) Objective.
shadow-bringer n.
ΚΠ
1902 W. S. Crockett Scott Country xix. 479 The great Shadow-bringer was fast approaching.
shadow-fighter n.
ΚΠ
a1832 F. D. Maurice Moral & Metaphysical Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 582/1 He becomes a mere shadow-pursuer and shadow-fighter.
shadow-hunting adj.
ΚΠ
1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters IV. 74 The strange shapes it [sc. a cast shadow] gets into..cannot be imagined until one is actually engaged in shadow-hunting.
shadow-maker n.
shadow-painting n.
ΚΠ
a1887 R. Jefferies Field & Hedgerow (1889) 226 That singular shadow-painting seen on the wings of moths.
shadow-pursuer n.
ΚΠ
a1832 F. D. Maurice Moral & Metaphysical Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 582/1 He becomes a mere shadow-pursuer and shadow-fighter.
(b)
shadow-bringing adj.
ΚΠ
1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum at Umbriferous Shadow-bringing.
shadow-fighting adj.
ΚΠ
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. 274 Locke..then addressed the shadow-fighting champion in these words.
shadow-grasping adj.
ΚΠ
a1644 F. Quarles Solomons Recantation (1645) Soliloquy vi. 32 Thou, whose shadow-grasping hand even tires Vpon the vanity of thy vast desires.
C2.
a. Special combinations.† shadow-adder n. [translating Latin coluber] Obsolete pseudo-etymologically ‘qui colit umbram’), a serpent lurking in shady places.† shadow dial n. Obsolete ? a sundial.† shadow grass n. Obsolete ? Luzula sylvatica.† shadow-house n. Obsolete a summer-house.† shadow-plough n. Obsolete ? a plough n.1 (sense 3a) on the shady part of an estate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > member of (snake) > group of venomous snakes > venomous snake
deaf addereOE
adderOE
aspidec1000
shadow-addera1382
chelydre1393
tyre1471
viper1526
seps?1527
aspic1530
thirsty snake1567
aspworm1587
cheliderect?1590
viper-worm1605
palmer-serpent1608
polonga1681
asp1710
thirst-serpent1731
venom-snake1845
thanatophidian1891
solenoglyph1913
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xxiii. 32 It shal bite as a shadewe eddere.
shadow-band n. (a) a company of or resembling phantoms; (b) one of a series of parallel bands, alternately light and dark, seen passing over any light-coloured surface immediately before and after totality in a solar eclipse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > sun > sunlight > [noun] > eclipse
annular eclipse1728
Baily's beads1861
shadow-band1891
the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun] > group of
shadow-band1891
1891 C. Dawson Avonmore 156 In dear memory's hallowed land They move a silent shadow band.
1900 S. P. Langley in Science 22 June 977 (Cent. Dict. Suppl.) Shadow bands were seen.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 1 Sept. 6/3 The shadow-bands were splendidly exhibited before and after totality.
shadow-bird n. a popular name for Scopus umbretta, a bird of nocturnal habits native in Africa and Madagascar.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Ciconiiformes (storks, etc.) > [noun] > family Scopidae (hammer-head)
umbre1773
hamerkop1834
shadow-bird1869
umbrette1884
hammer-head1890
1869–73 T. R. Jones tr. A. E. Brehm Cassell's Bk. Birds IV. 62 The Hammer-head, or Shadow-bird.
shadow box n. a case with a protective transparent front in which is displayed a painting, jewel, etc.; also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > box > [noun] > for displaying fragile articles
glass case1649
shadow box1909
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Shadow-box..n.
1969 Time 7 Feb. 4 The Manhattan optical artist [sc. Josef Levi] has devised several new dizzying exercises with illuminated shadow boxes superimposed on black and white perforated metal screens.
1973 Houston Chron. 21 Oct. 18 (advt.) Giant hutch mirror with shadow-box frame and shelves.
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 17 Jan. 14/1 (advt.) This stunning golden shadow box pendant.
shadow-box v. (intransitive and transitive) to box (against) an imaginary opponent, as a form of training; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (intransitive)] > for practice
to work out1892
shadow-box1919
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > box [verb (transitive)] > for practice
shadow-box1919
1919 S. Lewis Free Air (1924) i. 8 She fought the steering-wheel as though she were shadow-boxing.
1927 Daily Express 20 July 9/7 His trainer..ordered Dempsey not to box, but to use the punch bag and to shadow box.
1932 H. S. Drago Champ i. 15 Andy protested that it wasn't necessary as he shadow-boxed an imaginary opponent.
1951 Scott. Jrnl. Theol. 4 321 Unlike many Fundamentalists he is aware that the battle has passed into new phases and he is not satisfied to shadow box on deserted fields.
1971 Nature 22 Oct. 510/1 These representatives of European governments are still shadow~boxing with each other.
1977 Time 19 Dec. 68/2 It was O.K. to shadowbox at a professional gym.
shadow-boxing n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > types of
ruffianing1812
ruffianosity1823
shadow-boxing1919
tomato can1955
kick-boxing1971
1919 E. Corri Refereeing 1,000 Fights 69 The mascot stripped to the waist to do some shadow boxing.
1926 Scribner's Mag. Aug. 8/2 Cease shadow-boxing with these vague menaces to the Constitution.
1939 Sun (Baltimore) 17 Feb. 10/1 Shadow boxing over the selection of a site for the Leakin Memorial Park will continue next week.
1966 Illustr. London News 10 Sept. 10/3 But in any case, the gnomes know that a good deal of what is going on is ‘shadow-boxing’.
1978 ‘A. Garve’ Counterstroke i. 60 He did a little shadow boxing and some skipping.
shadow-building n. (see quot. 1891).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > [noun] > shipbuilding > methods of construction or working
housing in1627
whole moulding1711
anchor stock fashion1780
bracket system1874
shadow-building1891
1891 Winn Boating Man's Vade-m. 9 The construction of small boats without regard to particular lines and without special intermediate dimensions is termed ‘Shadow building’.
shadow canoe n. (cf. shadow-building n.).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel of specific construction or shape > vessels of primitive construction > [noun] > canoe of indigenous peoples > other types of canoe
pirogue1666
dory1709
Montreal canoe1793
waka1807
tandem canoe1867
Rob Roy1868
canot du maître1872
Peterborough1882
snake-boat1882
shadow canoe1883
tandem1884
buckeye1885
Canader1893
vinta1900
bellum1901
spoon canoe1907
sponson canoe1911
ratting canoe1944
tarada1960
canot du nord1961
1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 197 Full-size whale boat, dories, shadow canoe,..Indian birch canoe, &c.
shadow catcher n. (a) one who grasps at and retains trifles; (b) a photographer.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > of little importance > types of > one who retains trifles
shadow catcher1774
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographer > [noun]
imager1605
photographer1843
photographist1843
photog1874
camerist1890
shadow catcher1907
1774 W. Mitford Ess. Harmony Lang. 53 (note) Such a shadow-catcher as I. Vossius..seems to have been.
1907 Notes & Queries 10th Ser. VII. 67 A firm of photographers in Bishopsgate Street are now describing themselves as ‘Shadow-catchers’.
shadow-corpuscle n. (see sense 5c).
ΚΠ
1901 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 2) Shadow-corpuscle.
shadow-check n. (see quot. 1957); chiefly attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > patterned > checked > pattern
plaid1845
plaiding1889
overcheck1895
shadow-check1908
Glenurquhart1923
dogtooth check1939
gun club1939
puppy tooth1957
dog-tooth1958
1908 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 117. 1058/2 The background is a fairly dark shadow check effect.
1957 Terms & Definitions (Textile Inst.) (ed. 3) 89 Shadow stripe.., an effect, due to different reflections of light, produced in woven fabrics by employing yarns of different physical properties, usually of ‘S’ and ‘Z’ twist, in warp or weft (or in both, when it becomes a shadow check).
1960 Woman 23 Apr. 9/1 Dainty shadow-check shirt-waisters.
shadow cretonne n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > coloured, patterned, or printed > specific
pintadoa1575
Salempore1598
chintz1614
nankeenc1700
caffa1701
jamwar1721
nankinett1794
purdah1813
zephyr1819
nankeening1830
calico1841
permanent1854
galatea1874
Madras gingham1880
Turkey red1880
Madras1897
shadow cretonne1932
shadow stripe1932
1932 Sale Catal. Made of good quality Shadow Cretonne.
1943 E. Bowen Seven Winters 48 Pink-and-cream ‘shadow’ cretonne.
1973 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Starry Bird xviii. 284 His bruises stood out like shadow cretonne on a chesterfield.
ΚΠ
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. vii. A aaa 2 A Globe with two Pole-Dials, and one Shadow-Dial.
shadow embroidery n. = shadow work n. below.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > done in specific stitches > shadow stitch
shadow work1919
shadow embroidery1920
1920 J. Hergesheimer Linda Condon ii. 11 Shadow embroidery and fine shell edges.
shadow-fight n. a fighting with shadows (i.e. imaginary foes), or a fight between shadows, a sciamachy.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > [noun] > a fight > sham, imaginary, or with shadows
skiamachy1623
shadow-fight1768
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. 268 Who is that antagonist whom he bumps and pommels so furiously in his Shadow-fight?
1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. 34 While the latter present a shadow-fight of Things and Quantities, the former gives us the history of Men.
shadow figure n. a silhouette; = shadow puppet n. below.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > puppetry > [noun] > puppet
poppin1440
mammet1461
puppet1538
poppet1551
motion1602
puppy1640
neurospast1642
marionettea1645
poupée1785
fantoccini1791
scaramouch1815
shadow figure1851
Judy puppet1897
shadow puppet1923
rod puppet1930
string puppet1937
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > portrait-painting > a portrait > silhouette
shade1781
shadow figure1851
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 287/2 The shadow-figures sold this winter by one of my informants were of Mr. and Mrs. Manning, the Queen, Prince Albert, [etc.].
1935 H. Edib Clown & his Daughter xliii. 240 It meant that she could easily buy a leather set of shadow figures for Tewfik.
1976 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Arts Apr. 254/2 Flat Figures and Shadow Figures are a distinct type of puppet... In the Shadow Theatre the figures are placed between a light and a translucent screen.
shadow-fish n. = sciaena n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Sciaenidae (drums) > [noun] > genus Sciaena > member of
shadow-fish1598
yellowtaila1622
kingfish1653
corvina1787
malachigan1793
sheep's head1836
roncador1867
1598 tr. G. de Rosselli Epulario F iiij b To dresse a Latus or shadow fish.
1705 S. Dale Pharmacologiæ: Suppl. 348 Umbra... The Grunter or Shadow-Fish.
ΚΠ
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 8 Wood grasse, or Shadow grasse.
shadow-grey adj. and n. (a) dark grey.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > dark grey
parson grey1760
Oxford grey1822
anthracite1873
charcoal grey1907
shadow-grey1918
Oxford1926
charcoal1952
the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [adjective] > dark grey
sabelline1888
shadow-grey1918
1918 C. W. Beebe Jungle Peace (1919) ii. 26 The shadow-grey sea.
1932 Sale Catal. A beautiful quality plain silk... Shades:..shadow grey and gunmetal.
shadow-half n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > tract > [noun] > not exposed to sun
shadow-half1505
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > [noun] > casting of a shadow > shadow > part of land in shadow
shadow-half1505
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [noun] > fact of having distinct sides > one or other side or hand > side facing specific direction > side away from sun
shadow-half1505
shadow-side1570
shadow-part1574
1505 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 600/2 6 mercatas terrarum bine partis de Smythtoun de Noth, viz., le Schaddow-half earundem.
1586–7 D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1881) 1st Ser. IV. 149 With the barnis, byris, biggingis and uthiris abonespecifeit standing upoun the shaddow halff thairof.
1869 C. Leslie Family Leslie III. 45 George Leslie of Tocher granted a charter of the shadow half of the town and lands of Drumdurno.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > summer-house
summer house1519
garden house1535
cabinet1579
summer hall1583
kiosk1625
summer room1625
sunny chamber1641
shadow-house1649
alcove1663
root house1755
moss-house?1793
rose temple1848
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > outhouse(s) > [noun] > building or house in garden
summer house1519
garden house1535
kiosk1625
summer room1625
sunny chamber1641
shadow-house1649
garden apartment1751
root house1755
1649 Surv. Manor of Wymbledon in Archaeologia (1792) 10 419 One garden summer or shadowe house.
shadow lace n. a lace with an indistinct pattern.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > lace > other types of
masclea1425
pomet1582
loop-lace1632
colbertinea1685
coxcomb1693
trolly-lolly1693
trolly1699
piece lace1702
mignonette1751
web lace1795
guard-lace1804
Antwerp lace1811
warp-lace1812
cardinal lace1842
guipure1843
run lace1843
Shetland lace1848
lacis1865
pot lace1865
reticella1865
tape guipure1865
quadrille1884
reticello1895
tambour-lace1899
rosaline1900
ring net1901
tracing-lace1901
shadow lace1914
1914–15 T. Eaton Catal. Fall–Winter 32 All White Evening Dress of Paillette Silk and Allover Shadow Lace.
1977 C. McCullough Thorn Birds iii. 61 His mother clad in a long bustled gown of palest pink shadow lace.
shadow-light n. a reflected light.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > reflection > [noun] > reproducing an image > image produced by
imagec1350
umberc1407
idol1563
reflection1563
reflex1596
shadow-light1623
species1638
repercussion1646
reflect1829
1623 W. Drummond Flowres of Sion 6 Of which that golden Eye which cleares the Skies, Is but..a Shadow light.
shadow-line n. (a) = line of shadows at sense 4d; (b) a line cast by the shadow of an upright post or by the gnomon of a sun-dial.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > sundial > shadow on
umber1382
fescue1607
shadow-line1764
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > image of a person or thing > shadow > types of shadow
contrary shadow?a1560
right shadow?a1560
shadow-line1764
1764 J. Ferguson Lect. Select Subj. 207 So as the uppermost edge of the shadow of the gnomon may just cover the shadow-line.
1900 Jrnl. School Geogr. (U.S.) Jan. 2 The shadow-line is marked at each hour during the school day.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 17 Oct. 4/2 They watched the slowly moving shadow-line and cast sorrowful glances towards the erratic clocks in the neighbourhood.
shadow mask n. Television a perforated metal screen situated directly behind the phosphor screen in certain types of colour television tube, and having a pattern of precisely located holes through which the electron beams pass so as to strike the correct dots on the phosphor screen; frequently attributive, as shadow-mask tube.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > transmitting or receiving apparatus > [noun] > television set > part of specific type of set
shadow mask1951
1951 Proc. IRE 39 1187/1 The first public demonstration of..shadow-mask color tubes..was made in March, 1950.
1951 Proc. IRE 39 1188/2 The triangular pattern [of holes] was chosen for the shadow mask in experimental tubes primarily because of its mechanical properties.
1965 Wireless World July 354/2 The Mullard colour-selection shadow mask with graded holes.
1975 K. Wicks Television 54 The most common type of picture tube in use today is the shadow~mask tube.
shadow-part n. ‘that portion of land which lies towards the north, or is not exposed to the sun’ (Jamieson).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > [noun] > fact of having distinct sides > one or other side or hand > side facing specific direction > side away from sun
shadow-half1505
shadow-side1570
shadow-part1574
1574 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1585, 263/1 The schaddow or myd thrid part and how schaddow thrid part.
shadow-photograph n. a picture taken by means of the Röntgen rays.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > photographs or images obtained by X-ray, etc.
thermotype1877
phosphorograph1880
shadow-picture1889
inductoscript1892
radiogram1896
radiograph1896
roentgenogram1896
shadowgraph1896
shadow-photograph1896
skiagram1896
skiagraph1896
X-radiograph1899
X-ray1900
autoradiograph1903
vaporograph1903
vapourgraph1903
radiophotograph1904
roentgenograph1905
microradiogram1913
radiophoto1915
powder photograph1917
interferogram1921
radioautograph1941
microradiograph1944
topograph1944
heat map1947
cinefluorograph1949
scan1953
thermogram1957
thermograph1964
cineradiograph1965
stereoscan1968
Kirlian1970
autorad1985
1896 Daily News 13 Feb. 2/1 At least two years ago a German scientist took what are now called shadow photographs in a small way.
shadow-photography n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > study or process of X-ray, etc.
thermography1840
phosphorography1886
radiography1896
scotography1896
shadow-photography1896
radiophotography1897
roentgenography1899
typoradiography1899
radiology1900
microradiography1913
Laue1915
powder photography1924
stereofluoroscopy1928
cineradiography1934
cinefluorography1936
autoradiography1941
radioautography1941
xeroradiography1950
skiagraphy1957
stereoradiography1965
1896 Daily News 13 Feb. 2/1 ‘Shadow photography’, nevertheless, is the term that has ‘caught on’.
shadow-photometer n. a kind of photometer invented by Rumford, in which light is measured by means of two shadows cast by a vertical rod upon a white screen.
ΚΠ
1905 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. s.v. Photometers A simpler arrangement, which possesses the advantage that it may be used in a room which is not quite dark, is Rumford's Shadow Photometer.
shadow-picture n. (a) a shadow-photograph; (b) a picture formed by a shadow (usually of a person's hand or hands) thrown upon a screen or other surface (cf. shadowgraph n. 1).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > [noun] > on a surface > types of
picture card1707
sand-table1812
inset1881
shadowgraph1886
shadow-picture1889
sand-tray1893
cutout1905
standee1930
punch-out1934
pictograph1937
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > photographs or images obtained by X-ray, etc.
thermotype1877
phosphorograph1880
shadow-picture1889
inductoscript1892
radiogram1896
radiograph1896
roentgenogram1896
shadowgraph1896
shadow-photograph1896
skiagram1896
skiagraph1896
X-radiograph1899
X-ray1900
autoradiograph1903
vaporograph1903
vapourgraph1903
radiophotograph1904
roentgenograph1905
microradiogram1913
radiophoto1915
powder photograph1917
interferogram1921
radioautograph1941
microradiograph1944
topograph1944
heat map1947
cinefluorograph1949
scan1953
thermogram1957
thermograph1964
cineradiograph1965
stereoscan1968
Kirlian1970
autorad1985
1889 J. Pollard Plays & Games for Little Folks 32 Shadow Pictures. In order to make these pictures show well on the wall, there must be but one lamp in the room, and that must stand back of the performer.
1896 McClure's Mag. 6 415/2 A Crookes tube..with which he has taken all his shadow pictures.
1977 O. Schell China (1978) iii. 244 At break we sit on the freshly turned earth and make shadow pictures with our hands.
shadow-pin n. (see quot. 1891).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > needle indicating bearing of sun
shadow-pin1891
1891 Naut. Mag. Sept. 809 The shadow-pin..attached to a compass card, to indicate the bearing of the sun at noon.
shadow-play n. a play in which the actors appear as shadows cast upon a screen placed between the stage and the auditorium; also, a puppet play of the shadow theatre; also attributive and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > other types of play
king play1469
king game1504
historya1509
chronicle history1600
monology1608
horseplaya1627
piscatory1631
stock play1708
petite pièce1712
mimic1724
ballad opera1730
ballad farce1735
benefit-play1740
potboiler1783
monodrama1793
extravaganza1797
theo-drama1801
monodrame1803
proverb1803
stock piece1804
bespeak1807
ticket-night1812
dramaticle1813
monopolylogue1819
pièce d'occasion1830
interlude1831
mimea1834
costume piece1834
mummers' play1849
history play1850
gag-piece1860
music drama1874
well-made1881
playlet1884
two-decker1884
slum1885
kinderspiel1886
thrill1886
knockabout1887
two-hander1888
front-piece1889
thriller1889
shadow-play1890
mime play1894
problem play1894
one-acter1895
sex play1899
chronicle drama1902
thesis-play1902
star vehicle1904
folk-play1905
radio play1908
tab1915
spy play1919
one-act1920
pièce à thèse1923
dance-drama1924
a mess of plottage1926
turkey1927
weepie1928
musical1930
cliffhanger1931
mime drama1931
triangle drama1931
weeper1934
spine-chiller1940
starrer1941
scorcher1942
teleplay1947
straw-hatter1949
pièce noire1951
pièce rose1951
tab show1951
conversation piece1952
psychodrama1956
whydunit1968
mystery play1975
State of the Nation1980
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > puppetry > [noun] > puppet-show > types of
galanty show1713
ombres chinoises1779
Punch and Judy1828
shadow-play1890
Guignol1923
Guignol1957
1890 J. D. Champlin & A. E. Bostwick Young Folks' Cycl. Games & Sports 625/2 Shadow plays, plays in which not the actors, but their shadows, are seen by the audience.
1895 Mrs. Grindrod Siam 49 Burlesques, comedies introducing current events, and shadow-plays, are productive of much mirth at fair-times.
1900 W. W. Skeat Malay Magic vi. 514 Another very characteristic performance is the Shadow-Play.
1910 Handbk. Ethnogr. Coll. Brit. Mus. 102 The first two forms of Wayang are shadow-plays, the puppets being cut from leather.
1932 E. Waugh Black Mischief iii. 92 He liked..to appear in society..to survey the shadow-play of fashion.
1938 Burlington Mag. Aug. 87/2 Shadow-play puppets.
1964 Catal. National Mus. Kuala Lumpur 3/1 The shadow play exhibit is arranged so that the visitor can see backstage and learn how the figures are manipulated during the drama.
1971 Country Life 17 June 1544/1 A shadow play, the Wayang Kulit of parchment puppet figures manipulated from behind a lamplit screen.
ΚΠ
1544 in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1587, 402/1 Octo bovatas terre..vocatas the Schaddow-pleuch of Sonny~syde.
shadow-price n. (see quot. 1965); also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [noun] > artificially arranged prices
staple ratea1628
sheriff fiars1689
fiars1723
pool price1872
parity1941
support price1943
shadow-price1965
trigger price1978
1965 A. Waterston Development Planning ix. 322 If the true economic cost of a project is to be determined in situations where market prices are out of line..it may be necessary to ‘adjust’ the prevailing prices by estimating the extent to which they deviate from ‘equilibrium’ prices. The adjusted prices, variously known as ‘shadow’ or ‘accounting’ prices, are then substituted for prevailing prices and used to determine real costs and benefits to an economy and to compare the project under consideration with other projects on a comparable basis.
1970 S. L. Barraclough in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. iv. 157 Should labor be counted as a cost valued at current wage rates when there are no alternative job opportunities? If not, what ‘shadow prices’ should be used?
1981 Sci. Amer. June 116/3 Marginal values are sometimes called shadow prices or imputed prices.
shadow-pricing n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > pricing > [noun] > determining shadow price
shadow-pricing1965
1965 A. Waterston Development Planning ix. 323 Shadow-pricing can also permit valid comparisons to be made of a public sector project with a private sector project.
1976 Nature 8 July 84/1 Does this justify the attachment of a money-tag to all values, even though this means what economists call ‘shadow pricing’ (for example, the ‘value’ of a view of the South Downs is the extra cost of not defacing the view if a road or a line of electric pylons has to be built in the neighbourhood)?
shadow-print n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > double faced > specific
warp print1916
shadow-tissue1920
shadow-print1926
1926 G. G. Denny Fabrics (ed. 2) i. 111 Warp print or shadow print. Silks, ribbons and cretonnes woven with plain filling on a printed warp which gives a faint and shadowy design.
1968 J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 246 Shadow print, the warp yarns are printed with the design before weaving, giving a shadowy print effect.
shadow print n. see shadow cretonne n. above.
shadow-proof adj. designating materials which are impermeable to light.
ΚΠ
1923 Daily Mail 17 Feb. 10 Shadowproof Silk Lustre.
shadow puppet n. a puppet used in a shadow play.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > puppetry > [noun] > puppet
poppin1440
mammet1461
puppet1538
poppet1551
motion1602
puppy1640
neurospast1642
marionettea1645
poupée1785
fantoccini1791
scaramouch1815
shadow figure1851
Judy puppet1897
shadow puppet1923
rod puppet1930
string puppet1937
1923 H. W. Whanslow Everybody's Theatre, & How to make It iv. 42 A fine collection of these Javanese shadow puppets.
1971 H. Trevelyan Worlds Apart iii. 43 There were the ingenious hand-made toys, the shadow-puppets manipulated on sticks.
shadow-script n. markings in shadow.Apparently an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [noun] > shade or tone
shadowing1580
shade1690
key1713
nuance1823
colour tone1853
colour value1857
hue1857
neutral1859
shadow-script1898
value1902
1898 Edinb. Rev. Apr. 312 The Fraunhofer spectrum, being a shadow-script on a bright ground.
shadow-site n. an archaeological site revealed by shadowing on the ground.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > history or knowledge about the past > [noun] > archaeology > archaeological site
site1843
shadow-site1929
1929 O. G. S. Crawford Air-photogr. for Archaeologists 3/1 Inequalities in the surface of the ground produce shadows. All sites where remains are visible on the ground fall into this class. They may be called shadow-sites.
1946 R. J. C. Atkinson Field Archaeol. I. 47 Shadow-sites are those whose surface is irregular, consisting of banks, mounds, ditches and terraces whose presence is revealed by the shadows they cast when seen in the low light of the rising or setting sun.
shadow-stick n. an upright post used for casting a shadow line.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for marking out work > [noun] > others
jointing-rule1700
tracing-pin1712
pitch-board1733
skirret1825
odontograph1838
bevelling-board1850
fencing-gauge1874
tingle1886
shadow-stick1900
1900 Jrnl. School Geogr. (U.S.) Jan. 2 The shadow-stick aids in teaching latitude.
shadow-stitch n. (a) ‘in Lace-making, a mode of using the bobbins so as to produce delicate openwork borderings and the like’ ( Cent. Dict. 1891); (b) a criss-cross embroidery stitch used on sheer materials for filling in spaces, and which, being worked on the wrong side, shows through on the right side in a shadowy way with an outline resembling a back-stitch.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > stitch > other
chain-stitch1598
French knot1623
picot1623
petty-point1632
tent-stitch1639
brede-stitch1640
herringbone stitch1659
satin stitch1664
feather-stitch1835
Gobelin stitch1838
crowfoot1839
seedingc1840
German stitch1842
petit point1842
long stitch1849
looped stitch1851
hem-stitch1853
loop-stitch1853
faggot stitch1854
spider-wheel1868
dot stitch1869
picot stitch1869
slip-stitch1872
coral-stitch1873
stem stitch1873
rope stitch1875
Vienna cross stitch1876
witch stitch1876
pin stitch1878
seed stitch1879
cushion-stitch1880
Japanese stitch1880
darning-stitch1881
Kensington stitch1881
knot-stitch1881
bullion knot1882
cable pattern1882
Italian stitch1882
lattice-stitch1882
queen stitch1882
rice stitch1882
shadow-stitch1882
ship-ladder1882
spider-stitch1882
stem1882
Vandyke stitch1882
warp-stitch1882
wheel-stitch1882
basket-stitch1883
outline stitch1885
pointing1888
bullion stitchc1890
cable-stitchc1890
oriental stitchc1890
Turkish stitchc1890
Romanian stitch1894
shell-stitch1895
saddle stitch1899
magic stitch1900
plumage-stitch1900
saddle stitching1902
German knot stitch1903
trellis1912
padding stitch1913
straight stitch1918
Hungarian stitch1921
trellis stitch1921
lazy daisy1923
diamond stitchc1926
darning1930
faggot filling stitch1934
fly stitch1934
magic chain stitch1934
glove stitch1964
pad stitch1964
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > lacemaking > processes involved in
running1817
pricking1851
tressing1862
shadow-stitch1882
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 248 Shadow Stitch..is used in Pillow Lace making to form the shadow of a pattern, to fill in the inside of curves [etc.].
1932 Mod. Woman Feb. 56/1 This shadow stitch is just like herring-boning worked rather closely together... It gives you the shape of the leaf outlined in back-stitch on the right side and padded with long, crossed stitches on the wrong.
shadow stripe n. (see quots. 1940, 1947).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > [noun] > equus burchellii (zebra) > colouring of
shadow stripe1932
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > coloured, patterned, or printed > specific
pintadoa1575
Salempore1598
chintz1614
nankeenc1700
caffa1701
jamwar1721
nankinett1794
purdah1813
zephyr1819
nankeening1830
calico1841
permanent1854
galatea1874
Madras gingham1880
Turkey red1880
Madras1897
shadow cretonne1932
shadow stripe1932
1932 Pontings Whitsun Sales Catal. 11 Morning Washing Frock for the larger than stock size in shadow stripe art. silk.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 762/2 Shadow stripes,..cotton cloths, of plain or satin weave, in which stripes are produced by using warp yarns of different directions of twist. The shadow effect is due to light being reflected in different directions by the different twists.
1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. vi. 52 Burchell's zebra..‘Shadow stripes’, that is to say light brown bands impinged upon the white ground which separates the black markings.
shadow-striped adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [adjective] > coloured, patterned, or printed
chintz1722
nankeen1795
chintzy1851
shadow-striped1930
1930 Economist 18 Oct. 713/1 As a result a substantial amount of business was booked, principally in shadow striped poplins.
shadow tag n. North American (see quot. 1977).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > hiding or chasing game > [noun] > tag
tick1622
hide-and-seek1724
tag1738
tig1816
touch-last1825
touch1828
widdy widdy way1832
touch and run1844
tiggy1845
widdy1859
Tommy Touchwood1876
pom-pom-pull-away1883
pull-away1883
squat tag1883
stoop tag1898
he1900
it1969
shadow tag1969
1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games ii. 86 The game [sc. Shadow Touch] is also played in Canada and the United States (‘Shadow Tag’).
1977 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 6 June 15/3 There was ‘Shadow Tag’ on sunny days—the ‘It’ player ran after the others, trying to jump on a shadow with a foot.
shadow test n. (a) a method of finding out by refraction whether an eye is myopic or hypermetropic; (b) a method of examining the outer side of an eye affected with cataract in its second stage ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1898).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > [noun] > kinds of eye-test
shadow test1884
koroscopy1887
lantern test1890
Stilling1896
1884 H. E. Juler Handbk. Ophthalmic Sci. xiv. 363 The two following [methods] are very useful in estimating refraction; in both the ophthalmoscopic mirror alone is employed, and is held at a considerable distance from the eye. The first of these may be called the ‘Fundus-Image’ test; the other has been called ‘Retinoscopy’, but would be more appropriately designated by some such term as ‘Shadow Test’.
1889 G. A. Berry Dis. Eye xiv. 462 It has been called the shadow test because attention is directed perhaps more to the dark shadow which borders the illuminated area than to the area itself.
1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) vii. 69 Retinoscopy, or, more correctly, skiascopy or the shadow test, is the most practicable method of estimating the conditions of the refraction objectively.
shadow theatre n. a form of puppetry in which flat figures are passed between a strong light and a translucent screen, the audience watching on the other side of the screen; also, a place where such puppet shows are performed.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > puppetry > [noun] > shadow puppetry
shadow theatre1923
1923 H. W. Whanslow Everybody's Theatre, & How to make It iv. 41 China..has had its shadow-theatres for many centuries.
1932 J. Nicoll tr. Van Boehn's Dolls & Puppets viii. 35 The Chinese shadow theatre..has no public, and the educated classes pay no attention to it now.
1970 Guardian 22 July 20 Mr P. L. Amin Sweeney, who has just gained a Ph.D. for a thesis on the Malay shadow theatre, yesterday demonstrated the art with a lamp, a screen, and 40 flat hide puppets.
shadow-tissue n. a reversible material having a woven-in pattern which gives a shadowy, blurred effect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > double faced > specific
warp print1916
shadow-tissue1920
shadow-print1926
1920 Queen 3 Apr. 17 (advt.) Shadow Tissue.
1932 Sale Catal. Reversible Shadow Tissue in a delightful well-covered design of Tulips.
1939–40 Army & Navy Stores Catal. 1073/2 Shadow tissues at 1/3 per yard.
shadow work n. embroidery done in shadow-stitch; also attributive and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > sewn or ornamented textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > done in specific stitches > shadow stitch
shadow work1919
shadow embroidery1920
1919 ‘C. Dane’ Legend 94 I possess that underlying shadow-work (I admit it's no more) of fact to guide me in deciphering her method in the first book.
1932 D. C. Minter Mod. Needlecraft 25/1 If the material is very transparent, a white thread on a white ground is..effective. This ‘shadow work’, as it is called.., can be prettily used on collars and cuffs and small articles.
1932 Mod. Woman Feb. 56 The shadow work tea cloth and cosy.
1967 E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage i. 34 Bead embroidery must give a raised texture, shadow work or pattern darning a relatively smooth surface.
b. Designating members of an opposition party nominated as counterparts of members of the government in power holding cabinet or other offices, or the offices held, as shadow cabinet, shadow minister, shadow ministry, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [adjective] > opposition counterpart
shadow1906
1906 A. J. Balfour Let. in Ld. Newton Ld. Lansdowne (1929) 354 If we are to have, as you suggest, a Committee consisting of members selected from the Front Bench in both Houses,..what we should really have would be a shadow Cabinet once a week.
1925 J. O'Connor Hist. Ireland 1798–1924 II. xxiii. 302 The Dail might go on to the crack of doom passing secret resolutions, appointing shadow ministers, [etc.].
1926 Earl of Oxford in Daily News 2 June 7/1 The ‘Shadow’ Cabinet is the substitute when the leaders of a Party are in opposition for the actual Cabinet when they are in office, and it has always been understood that membership of it involves similar obligations.
1926 R. Macaulay Crewe Train ii. iv. § 1 The politician who was weighted with the cares of not being in office, and having only a shadow cabinet to mind.
1953 Earl Winterton Orders of Day p. xi I was in Mr. Churchill's ‘Shadow Cabinet’ from 1945 to 1950.
1958 Spectator 20 June 799/2 The Chancellors and Shadow-Chancellors.
1965 New Statesman 19 Mar. 436/2 Mr Ernest Marples, ‘Shadow’ Minister of Technology, will start work today at the English Electric Leo-Marconi works at Kidsgrove, Staffs.
1970 C. Hampton Philanthropist ii. 18 The Shadow Minister of Health..was hit in the ankle by a ricochet.
1973 Ottawa Jrnl. 21 Feb. 29/2 Opposition Leader Stanfield and his shadow cabinet have been using it to try and discredit Liberal economic policies in advance of the budget.
1976 H. Wilson Governance of Brit. vii. 150 As shadow chancellor, I had..made some strong comments on some of the projects.
1976 H. Wilson Governance of Brit. viii. 158 The Conservative leader..also nominates the members of the so-called Shadow Cabinet and allocates the shadow ‘portfolios’.
1977 M. Walker National Front iii. 57 The Shadow Home Secretary..supported the motion.
1980 Austral. Financial Rev. 11 Apr. 15/2 Labor's energy policy for the next Federal election, which was unveiled..by the Leader of the Opposition.. and the Shadow Minister for Minerals and Energy.
c. Designating organizations, structures, etc., built or instituted to substitute for or duplicate those existing in an emergency or to fulfil special needs, esp. before and during the war of 1939–45. Also as adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [adjective] > that substitutes
vicaryc1475
vicegerent1577
succedaneal1633
surrogatea1638
vicarious1637
succedaneous1646
substitutive1656
substitutory1664
supersessory1789
substitutional1816
supersessive1837
shadow1936
omnivicarious1949
1936 Economist 31 Oct. 195/2 There was the scheme for the ‘shadow’ industry... This..was to consist of a set of new factories built at the expense of the Government, but supplied with skilled labour and management by the private companies.
1937 Sunday Express 24 Jan. 14/2 Experts other than Lord Nuffield have doubts whether the Government's shadow factory system for air-craft production is wise or workable in war time.
1938 Times 16 Mar. 7/2 Both in the regular industry..and in the shadow scheme, which was designed as a reinforcement and an insurance, engines were somewhat ahead of air~frames.
1939 Sun (Baltimore) 6 July 1/5 The factories themselves, conventional and ‘shadow’, are turning out a certain number of aircraft and engines each month—the actual number could not be learned.
1939 Air Ann. Brit. Empire 3 The Standard Motor Company is also concerned in shadow manufacture of new engine components.
1940 Ann. Reg. 1939 20 The whole ‘shadow’ organisation should be in a position to function as soon as an emergency arose.
1944 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 48 370 Considerable experience had been gained by the Bristol Co., in their licence manufacture all over the world, which had already taught them the method of laying out drawings and preparing data remote from the parent factory, and this was of the utmost help in getting going on the ‘shadow’ production.
1946 R.A.F. Jrnl. May 160 He may have spent his last few years before donning a uniform on a war job in a shadow factory—a shadow factory which, with the coming of peace, has now closed.
1980 J. Ditton Copley's Hunch ii. iv. 178 The war came..then they put up one of those shadow factories at—well, I'd best not say where.
Draft additions 1997
= work shadow n. 2. Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > apprentice or learner > one who shadows another
shadow1973
work shadow1986
1973 H. F. Wolcott Man in Principal's Office i. 2 The principals whom I met volunteered a number of descriptive titles for my role, such as ‘anthropologist in residence’, ‘assistant without portfolio’, ‘lap dog’, and ‘shadow’. Ultimately the last term became my nickname.
1973 H. F. Wolcott Man in Principal's Office i. 3 I intended to pursue him as his ‘shadow’; maintaining a constant written record of what I observed in behavior and conversation; attending formal and informal meetings, [etc.].
1985 (title) Shadows. Schoolgirls in Industry—helping women reach the top. (Dept. Trade & Industry).
1985 Shadows. Schoolgirls in Industry 4 ‘I learned a great deal, not only about the daily work of a manager, but also the workings of her office..,’ Shadow—Lucinda Dalziel.
1988 D. Lodge Nice Work i. iii. 54 A genuine, inward understanding of..work is obtained by the shadow, which could not be obtained by a simple briefing or organized visit.
1989 Daily Tel. 6 June 17/7 All the ‘shadows’ I have had lose their preconceived notion that accountants are men in pinstriped suits lacking any sense of humour.
Draft additions January 2018
shadow director n. Law a person who is not officially a director of a company but whose directions or instructions the directors regularly follow.
ΚΠ
1979 Financial Times 28 Nov. 12/2 The Government intended to extend this new clause to include ‘shadow directors’.
1999 E. M. Ferran Company Law & Corporate Finance xiv. 483 A person is not deemed a shadow director by reason only of advice given by him in a professional capacity.
2016 Times of India (Nexis) 21 Dec. Tata and other trustees, acting as shadow directors, have been controlling Tata Sons.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
shadowv.
/ˈʃadəʊ/, U.S. /ˈʃædoʊ/ 1. † b. reflexive. To obtain shade, take shelter from the sun. Obsolete.† c. intransitive for reflexive. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To protect or shelter (a person or thing) from the sun; to shade. Now rare or Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow > shade
shadowa1366
shadec1400
umberc1400
umbrage1647
parasol1799
enshade18..
a1366 Romaunt Rose 1511 Whan he was to that welle comen, That shadowid was with braunches grene.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 699/2 The sonne can nat come hyther, yonder house shadoweth me.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 97 Against the heate of the sunne..shadowe them as wel as you may.
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 69 The Land is..shadowed with huge woods.
1675 J. Covel Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) 202 Two more in like manner went fanning him all the way and shadowing him (for it was about ten o'clock, and a most excessive hot day).
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 48 These..Stones..make a kind of pavement at top to shadow and protect the Substructure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off light [verb (reflexive)] > obtain shade
shadow1340
shade1733
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 97 Ine þe ssede of þise trawe him ssel guod herte sseduy.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 700/1 I wyll go shadowe my selfe under yonder fayre oke.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 69 A rock, under which they shadowed themselves.
1682 tr. J. Goedaert Of Insects 138 These Spiders delight to be about the herbe Balm; and in Summer time they shaddow them~selves under it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > be intercepted or cut off [verb (intransitive)] > obtain shade
shadowa1533
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Z.j Agaynste enuye is no..thycke wodde to shadowe in.
1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue v. 205 I find that under these trees the grasse is most rancke and fruitefull,..by reason of..the cattle sheltring and shadowing under them.
2.
a. transitive. To shelter or protect as with covering wings; to enfold with a protecting and beneficent influence; = overshadow v. Chiefly in Biblical use. Obsolete exc. poetic with over.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > shelter > cover protectively
overshadoweOE
shadowc1000
overshadeOE
cloaka1554
shade1623
c1000 Lambeth Ps. xc. 4 His sculdrum he scaduaþ þe [L. obumbrabit tibi].
a1325 Prose Ps. xc. 4 And he shal shadow þe wyþ hys shulderis.
c1420 T. Hoccleve Lam. Green Tree in De Reg. Princ. App. p. xxxvii O holy gost,..That of heye vertue shadowist me.
c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert xxxv. 112 Þe commemoraciones of holy seyntis used in þe cherch, be whech we be schadowyd fro wyndes of temptaciones.
a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCii The holy goost shall comme ouer the, & the vertue or myght of the moost hye god shall shadowe the.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 14 You giue his off-spring life, Shadowing their right vnder your wings of warre. View more context for this quotation
1830 Ld. Tennyson Supposed Confessions 181 Let Thy dove Shadow me over, and my sins Be unremember'd.
b. intransitive with preposition on, over, up (= Latin obumbrare with super), in the same senses. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > enfold in protective care
shadowa1300
brood1571
enfolda1711
fold1826
a1300 E.E. Psalter cxxxix. 8 [cxl. 7] Lauerd..Þou schadowed ouer mi heued in dai ofe fighte.
a1325 Prose Psalter Þou shadued, Lord, vp min heuede.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Thou al aboute shadewedest on myn hed.
a. transitive. To screen, protect from attack. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defend [verb (transitive)] > screen or shelter from attack
shadow1489
to stop a gap1535
shelter1667
to cover a siege1693
screen1870
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xix. 56 A rowte of folke on horsbake that ouer ranne about the felde here and there for to shadowe theyre fote men.
1558 Ld. Wentworth Let. to Q. Mary 2 Jan. in Earl of Hardwicke Misc. State Papers 1570–1726 (1778) (modernized text) 109 The enemies shadowing themselves under the turnpike wall..kept themselves in such surety, as our pieces of the bridge could not annoy them.
1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 154 The Cauallerie, in their quarters.., would be defended and shadowed by the Infanterie.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)]
shieldc825
frithc893
werea900
i-schield971
berghOE
biwerec1000
grithc1000
witec1000
keepc1175
burghena1225
ward?c1225
hilla1240
warrantc1275
witiec1275
forhilla1300
umshadea1300
defendc1325
fendc1330
to hold in or to warrantc1330
bielda1350
warisha1375
succoura1387
defencea1398
shrouda1400
umbeshadow14..
shelvec1425
targec1430
protect?1435
obumber?1440
thorn1483
warrantise1490
charea1500
safeguard1501
heild?a1513
shend1530
warrant1530
shadow1548
fence1577
safekeep1588
bucklera1593
counterguard1594
save1595
tara1612
target1611
screenc1613
pre-arm1615
custodite1657
shelter1667
to guard against1725
cushion1836
enshield1855
mind1924
buffer1958
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > from blame, punishment, etc.
excusea1340
shadow1548
shelter1597
screenc1613
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > protect or defend [verb (transitive)] > put under the protection of
shadow1548
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxxvijv And so, shadowed with this counsaill..he tooke a determinate peace.
?1566 J. Phillip Commodye Pacient & Meeke Grissill sig. I.i Shadowe and defend them, with thy glorious spright.
1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 233/1 in Chron. I Though she were no Nunne yet the offence seemed right haynous, for that he shoulde once touch any woman shadowed vnder that habite.
1588 R. Greene Pandosto Ep. Ded. sig. A2 But I hope my willing minde shal excuse my slender skill, and your honours curtesie shadowe my rashnes.
a1625 J. Fletcher Island Princesse iii. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ooo3/2 Was't not enough I saw thou wert a Coward, And shaddowed thee?
1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 420 He invaded Livonia.., which had shadowed it selfe under the protection of the said Sigismund.
1704 J. Trapp Abra-Mule i. ii. 286 Those Laurels which his conqu'ring Sword has won Should shadow this Miscarriage.
4. † b. In passive of a shadow: To be ‘cast’ by an object. (If the reading be genuine: other manuscripts read ‘shadwe’.)
a. To cast a shadow upon, to cover or obscure with a shadow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > overshadow
beshadea1000
overshadowOE
beshadowc1320
shadowc1384
obumber?1440
obumbrate1531
overdrip1587
overshade1594
inumbrate1623
umbrate1623
overgloom1796
adumbrate1834
sky1840
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds v. 15 That..the schadowe of him schulde schadowe [L. obumbraret] ech of hem.
1414 T. Brampton Paraphr. Seven Penit. Psalms (Harl.) (1842) 64 My dayes..ben shadowed and waxen drye and derke.
1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Diiiiv The Proiecture, shalbe as before..sauing onely that Mutili shall hange ouer so farre as ye maye conueniently not hyddinge or shadowing his Cymatium.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. T The warlike Elfe, much wondred at this tree, So fayre and great, that shadowed all the ground.
1613 G. Chapman Memorable Maske Inns of Court sig. A4 Her tresses in tucks, braided with siluer: The hinder part shadowing in waues her shoulders.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 10 When the Compositer is at work the Light may come in on his Left-hand; for else his Right hand..might shadow the Letter he would pick up.
1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc x. 168 The dark battalions of the foe Shadowing the distant plain.
1825 W. Scott Talisman ix, in Tales Crusaders IV. 203 The features..no longer shadowed by the mass of hair.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xlv. 68 The path we came by, thorn and flower, Is shadow'd by the growing hour. View more context for this quotation
ΚΠ
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Cambr.) 212 Certis a schadewe hat the liknesse of the thyng of whiche it is schadewid.
c. intransitive. To cast a shadow. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > be intercepted or cut off [verb (intransitive)] > cast a shadow
shadow1377
shade1393
obumber1508
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 431 May no grysly gost glyde þere it [the cross] shadweth.
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 42 On huyle þer perle hit trendeled doun, Schadowed þis wortez ful schyre & schene.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid iv. Prol. 2 Thow bricht Cytheria, Quhilk only schaddowist amang sterris lite.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 100 To seek the brook that down the meadows glides, Where the grey willow shadows by its sides.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 119 As comes a pillar of electric cloud,..shadowing down the champain till it strikes On a wood.
d. To grow dark or gloomy. Also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > be or become dejected [verb (intransitive)]
heavyOE
fallOE
droopena1225
lourc1290
droopc1330
to abate one's countenance (also cheer)a1350
dullc1374
fainta1375
languora1375
languisha1382
afflicta1393
gloppen?a1400
weary1434
appalc1450
to have one's heart in one's boots (also shoes, heels, hose, etc.)c1450
peak1580
dumpc1585
mopea1592
sink1603
bate1607
deject1644
despond1655
alamort?1705
sadden1718
dismal1780
munge1790
mug1828
to get one's tail down1853
to have (also get) the pip1881
shadow1888
to have (one's) ass in a sling1960
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > darkness or gloom > be dark or gloomy [verb (intransitive)] > become dark or gloomy
sombre1848
overcloud1862
shadow1888
1888 Harper's Mag. Apr. 753 Evening shadowed; the violet deepened.
1891 G. Meredith One of our Conquerors III. i. 12 ‘There's the mother too,’ said he; and Nesta saw, that the ladies shadowed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > intercepting or cutting off of light > intercept or cut off (light) [verb (transitive)] > of (some luminary)
shadowc1430
adumber1535
check1589
blanch1793
c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) ii. xl. 91 Whan the sunne is shadewed, and at time of miday is shoven vnder a cloude.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. i The bright glory of the triumphant Rome was eclipsed & shadowed.
1560 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodyake of Lyfe i. sig. Bi As the sonne behinde the cloude, or shadowde of the moone.
1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 117 They are in such multitudes that they shadow the sun.
a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 42 He [Christ] was borne in the Night, to shew that the dignity and glory of his Godhead was shaddowed and darkened with the Night, and vaile of our flesh.
a. To screen from view or knowledge; to keep dark, conceal. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, conceal [verb (transitive)]
heeleOE
forhelec888
i-hedec888
dernc893
hidec897
wryOE
behelec1000
behidec1000
bewryc1000
forhidec1000
overheleOE
hilla1250
fealc1325
cover1340
forcover1382
blinda1400
hulsterc1400
overclosec1400
concealc1425
shroud1426
blend1430
close1430
shadow1436
obumber?1440
mufflea1450
alaynec1450
mew?c1450
purloin1461
to keep close?1471
oversilec1478
bewrap1481
supprime1490
occulta1500
silec1500
smoor1513
shadec1530
skleir1532
oppressa1538
hudder-mudder1544
pretex1548
lap?c1550
absconce1570
to steek away1575
couch1577
recondite1578
huddle1581
mew1581
enshrine1582
enshroud1582
mask1582
veil1582
abscondc1586
smotherc1592
blot1593
sheathe1594
immask1595
secret1595
bemist1598
palliate1598
hoodwinka1600
overmaska1600
hugger1600
obscure1600
upwrap1600
undisclose1601
disguise1605
screen1611
underfold1612
huke1613
eclipsea1616
encavea1616
ensconcea1616
obscurify1622
cloud1623
inmewa1625
beclouda1631
pretext1634
covert1647
sconce1652
tapisa1660
shun1661
sneak1701
overlay1719
secrete1741
blank1764
submerge1796
slur1813
wrap1817
buttress1820
stifle1820
disidentify1845
to stick away1900
1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 501/1 Under ye umbre of such vidimus, all an hole Navye of Adversaries myght been and been shadewed.
?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 369 Thenkynge to schado his rape by the simplicite of seynte Wulstan.
c1560 Trag. King Richard II (1870) 51 You and I will heere shadowe ourselues, and writ downe the speches.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) ii. 71 Manie, to the ende they may be taken for others then they are, vse to shadow the trueth.
1588 T. Kyd tr. T. Tasso Housholders Philos. f. 11v Neyther are their [sc. women's] faces shadowed with beardes.
1608 T. Middleton Mad World, my Masters iii. sig. D2v I shadow it, that sweet Virgins sicknes griues mee not lightly.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iv. 5 Let euery Souldier hew him downe a Bough, And bear't before him, thereby shall we shadow The numbers of our Hoast. View more context for this quotation
b. ? To clothe (a person) with a garment, to wrap, enfold.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)]
wrya901
clothec950
shride971
aturnc1220
begoa1225
array1297
graith1297
agraithc1300
geara1325
cleadc1325
adightc1330
apparel1362
back1362
shape1362
attirea1375
parela1375
tirea1375
rayc1390
addressa1393
coverc1394
aguisea1400
scredea1400
shrouda1400
bedightc1400
buskc1400
harnessc1400
hatterc1400
revesta1449
able1449
dressa1450
reparel?c1450
adub?1473
endue?a1475
afaite1484
revestera1500
beclothe1509
trimc1516
riga1535
invest1540
vesture1555
suit1577
clad1579
investure1582
vest1582
deck1587
habit1594
to make ready1596
caparison1597
skin1601
shadow1608
garment1614
riga1625
raiment1656
garb1673
equip1695
to fit out1722
encase1725
tog1793
trick1821
to fig out1825
enclothe1832
toilet1842
to get up1858
habilitate1885
tailor1885
kit1919
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > wrap [verb (transitive)] > enfold or envelop
befolda1000
umbefold14..
foldc1394
umbeclipa1395
involvea1420
overfold?1440
warp1513
overroll1548
encompass1553
invest1578
immantle1585
enrol1590
imply1590
circumvest1599
circumvestite1599
enfold1599
convolve1601
shadow1608
overlapc1612
enwreathe1620
obvele1654
obside1695
integument1883
1608 B. Jonson Masque of Blacknesse in Characters Two Royall Masques sig. A4 Oceanus..shaddowed with a robe of sea-greene.
1608 B. Jonson Masque of Blacknesse in Characters Two Royall Masques 51 Niger..shadow'd wth a blew, and bright mantle.
7. † b. intransitive. To hint at something. Obsolete.
a. To represent by a shadow or imperfect image; to indicate obscurely or in slight outline; to symbolize, typify, prefigure. Now chiefly with adverb forth, out.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prefiguration > prefigure [verb (transitive)]
forecomea1300
to say beforec1384
signifyc1384
pretendc1425
prefigurec1429
preostendc1429
prefigurate1530
prefigurate1530
adumbrate1537
promise1556
premonstrate1562
foresignify1565
presignify1570
shadow1574
foreshadow1577
presage1583
fore-run1590
presign1590
fore-read1591
figure1595
type forth, out1596
fore-point1601
foreshow1601
prophesy1608
foretella1616
foretypea1618
forebode1656
harbingera1657
pretypify1658
pretype1659
forespeak1667
to figure out1721
forecast1883
favour1887
precourse1888
precursea1892
society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > be symbol of [verb (transitive)]
token971
to stand for ——a1387
presentc1390
discern?a1439
liken?c1450
adumbrate1537
figurate?1548
character1555
shadow1574
shade1591
characterize1594
symbolize1603
hieroglyphic1615
personatea1616
modelizea1628
similize1646
symptom1648
express1649
signaturize1669
image1778
embryo1831
symbol1832
1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 47 The mysterie of the election and sealyng vp of Gods children by the holie Ghoste, seemeth too be ryghte trimly shadowed vnder this figure of speeche.
1606 F. Bacon Consideration Plantations Irel. in Resuscit. (1657) 257 That Glorious Embleme or Allegory, wherein the wisdome of Antiquity, did figure, and shadowe out, works of this Nature.
1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron vi. viii. 312 By the same foure [creatures], in the opinion of many of the Fathers, are shadowed forth the foure Euangelists.
1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. b2 Augustus is still shadow'd in the Person of Æneas.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 327. ¶5 Tho' the great Catastrophe of the Poem is finely presaged on this occasion, the Particulars of it are so artfully shadow'd, that they do not anticipate the Story which follows in the Ninth Book.
1715 J. Chappelow Right Way to be Rich 2 As the Times grew nearer that Dispensation, which they shadowed out.
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 31 Tremendous Image, as thou art must be He whom thou shadowest forth.
1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxix. 370 Some of them [i.e. symptoms] will be faintly shadowed out, or altogether absent.
1894 Knowledge 1 May 99/2 I have ventured..to shadow forth what I believe will be the most hopeful principle on which to mount a monster reflecting telescope.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > hint at or suggest [verb (transitive)]
inkle1340
induce1481
alludec1487
signifya1535
insinuate1561
to glance at (upon, against)1570
thrust1574
imply1581
adumbrate1589
intimate1590
innuate?1611
glancea1616
ministera1616
perstringea1620
shadow1621
subinduce1640
involve1646
equivocate1648
hint1648
subindicate1654
hint at1697
suggest1697
indicate1751
surmise1820
to get at ——1875
1621 R. Brathwait Natures Embassie 150 My purpose is rather to shadow at some, then amply to dilate on all.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [verb (transitive)] > represent pictorially
figurec1380
pict1483
picture1490
describe1526
delineate1566
shadow1576
blaze1579
depicturec1593
limn1593
depaint1598
depict1631
depinge1657
picturize1796
feature1807
repicture1810
pictorialize1844
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 58 It surpasseth all the pictures shadowed with the painters pencill.
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. Aii The first picture that Phidias the first Painter shadowed, was the protraiture of his owne person.
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 89 A Phœnix..I neuer saw but portrayed and shadowed in coloures.
1589 T. Lodge Scillaes Metamorphosis D 3 The pencile man that with a careles hand Hath shaddowed Venus, hates his slack regard.
1603 H. Crosse Vertues Common-wealth sig. R3v Appelles would not loose a day without shadowing a phisnomie.
1615 W. Lawson Country Housewifes Garden (1626) 36 This is the best forme of a fruit~tree, which I haue here only shadowed out for the better capacity of them that are led more with the eye, than the mind.
1635 H. Gellibrand in J. W[ells] Sciographia 3 b Others voice it on that witty Samian Aristarchus,..as first shadowing out the houre lines on a Plane.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. vii. iv. 8 The Stile..you may make with Copper.., in form as you see shadowed.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > light and shade > [verb (transitive)] > shade
adumbrate1599
hatch1605
shadow1612
shade1797
1612 H. Peacham Gentlemans Exercise i. ix. 29 The shinbone from the knee to the instep, is made by shadowing one halfe of the leg with a single shadow.
1674 W. Leybourn Compl. Surveyor (ed. 3) 311 Vmber is good to shadow upon Gold.
1682 T. Amy Carolina 23 A deep Green, shadow'd with a Murry.
1714 Jervas Let. to Pope 20 Aug. I have done Homer's head, shadow'd and heighten'd carefully.
1735 Dict. Polygraph. II. H h 4 Umber is shadowed with umber burnt... Masticote is shadowed with red orpiment.
?1790 J. Imison Curious & Misc. Articles (new ed.) 2 in School of Arts (ed. 2) With the pencil and gold size touch the places you would have shadowed.
1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 367 He cannot by means of his art singly, delineate and shadow the face and person of his friend.
10. intransitive.† a. To be tinged with a darker colour. Obsolete.† b. To agree in shade of colour with (in quot. figurative); to border or verge upon a certain colour. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > become coloured [verb (intransitive)] > tinge
tinge1660
shadow1666
1666 W. Boghurst Loimographia (1894) 29 A urine shadowing with a greenish black.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > agree/be in harmony/be congruous [verb (intransitive)]
accord1340
cord1340
concordc1374
agree1447
to stand togetherc1449
rhyme?a1475
commonc1475
gree?a1513
correspond1529
consent1540
cotton1567
pan1572
reciprocate1574
concur1576
meet1579
suit1589
sorta1592
condog1592
square1592
fit1594
congrue1600
sympathize1601
symbolize1605
to go even1607
coherea1616
congreea1616
hita1616
piece1622
to fall in1626
harmonize1629
consist1638
comply1645
shadow1648
quare1651
atonea1657
symphonize1661
syncretize1675
chime1690
jibe1813
consone1873
the world > matter > colour > colour relationships > [verb (intransitive)] > approximate to a colour
shadow1648
verge1815
1648 J. Goodwin Right & Might 32 Nor doth the Act of the Army in that dissociation of the Parliament..colour, or shadow (in the least) with the act of the King, breaking into their House.
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Polit. Touch-stone (1674) 256 [She] is of so sallow a complexion, that she shadows upon the Moor.
c. (Also passive.) To pass by degrees, shade off to or into a certain hue; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > change of colour > change colour [verb (intransitive)] > merge gradate
gradate1753
shadow1839
shade1841
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > gradual change > change gradually [verb (intransitive)] > from or into
slidea1398
growc1460
wear1555
accrue1586
ripen1611
shuffle1635
melt1651
steal1660
spawn1677
verge1757
to glide into1800
shade1819
evolve?1831
shadow1839
grade1892
1839 Standard 25 Feb. This sphere [of falsehood] is so wide, and its several degrees so shadowed into one another.
1868 J. R. Lowell Pictures from Appledore ii Now pink it blooms, now glimmers gray, Now shadows to a filmy blue.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [verb (transitive)]
depaint?c1225
paintc1275
figurec1380
resemblea1393
portraya1398
represent?a1425
impicture1523
portrait1548
shadow1553
to paint forth1558
storize1590
personate1591
limn1593
propound1594
model1604
table1607
semble1610
rendera1616
to paint out1633
person1644
present1649
to figure out1657
historize1668
to fancy out1669
to take off1680
figurate1698
refer1700
display1726
depicture1739
depict1817
actualize1848
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. x. f. 213 I haue not thought it vnsemely for the Persians to shadowe the customes of the Macedons.
12.
a. To follow (a person) like a shadow; in modern journalistic language said of a detective who dogs the steps of a person under surveillance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > follow closely
to foot and handc1300
to follow foot-hot1513
shadow1602
tantony1675
to stick to ——1801
to tread or follow on the kibes of1820
bedog1858
tag1884
hotfoot1902
1602 S. Rowlands Greenes Ghost 17 Then did Gibson sweare that he shuld not buy one peniworth of ware that day..and thereupon he shadowed him vp and downe, and mard his market quite.
1876 W. Besant & J. Rice Golden Butterfly I. Prol. i. 10 A bear who was ‘shadowing’ the man and meant claws.
1899 Yorks. Post 20 Dec. 3 A Spanish Steamer shadowed by a British Cruiser.
b. Speech Therapy. transitive and intransitive. To repeat (another's words) with the minimum of delay, as a treatment for stuttering.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > speak inarticulately or with a defect [verb (intransitive)] > be treated for disorder
shadow1955
the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > utter inarticulately [verb (transitive)] > repeat words as part of treatment
shadow1955
1955 Nature 5 Nov. 874/2 The subject ‘shadows’ an unseen message read by the operator steadily and continuously.
1955 Nature 5 Nov. 874/2 It now seems that stammerers..find little difficulty and can be induced to ‘shadow’ fluently.
1973 C. Van Riper Treatm. Stuttering iii. 80/2 When stutterers ‘shadowed’ the speech of a model speaker almost complete ‘suppression’ of stuttering occurred.
1977 D. Fry Homo Loquens x. 149 A stammerer who is shadowing will hear the appropriate sequence of sounds in advance and this should cancel out any built-in delay in his system.
c. transitive. To act as a shadow (see shadow n. 6e) in respect to (a parliamentary minister, ministry, etc.). Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [verb (transitive)] > act as opposition counterpart to
shadow1969
1969 Daily Tel. 28 Oct. 16 An unusual trio of Tory political partners is associated with the..gallery... One is Geoffrey Rippon, who ‘shadows’ Defence.
1971 F. R. Leavis in Human World Aug. 8 The politician..was at that time ‘shadowing’ Education.
1974 Times 12 Mar. 1/1 Mr Carr shadows Mr Healey at the Treasury. Sir Alec Douglas Home maintains..foreign affairs and Mr Rippon will shadow on Europe.
1977 Times 5 Nov. 1/5 The new spokesman on Treasury and economic affairs..will be Mr Peter Tapsell, who formerly helped to ‘shadow’ the Foreign Office.
13. Microscopy. To subject (a specimen) to the process of shadow-casting n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > use optical skills and techniques [verb (transitive)] > shadow-cast
shadow1945
shadow-cast1971
1945 Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 58 267 (caption) A micrograph of a similar preparation after it has been shadowed by the oblique deposition upon it of a thin layer of chromium.
1966 D. G. Brandon Mod. Techniques Metallogr. 48 By shadowing the surface of the replica with a heavy metal from a carefully collimated source at a known angle, the intensity differences from point to point on the surface can be related directly to the surface topography of the specimen.
1978 Nature 19 Jan. 231/2 Increased ammoniation is indicated principally by the change in morphology of particles collected (during ascent) on a carbon surface and ‘shadowed’ with silicon oxide later in the laboratory.
Draft additions 1993
d. To accompany (a person) at work, esp. for a short period, either for training purposes or to gain understanding of the profession in question. Originally U.S.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > working > career > have career [verb (transitive)] > undertake work experience
shadow1975
work shadow1989
1975 Research & Devel. Project in Career Educ. 31 July 29 Would you recommend the person shadowed for others interested in this career?
1976 E. Andrews Exploring Arts & Humanities Careers in Community 16 A class of 30 students interested in crafts wished to shadow 30 different craftspeople.
1980 M. Watson Operation Shadow 1 They then ‘shadow’ their parent or assigned adult host by spending a half or full day at the work site.
1988 D. Lodge Nice Work i. iii. 54 A working party was set up last July..and one of its recommendations..is that each Faculty should nominate a member of staff to ‘shadow’ some person employed at senior management level in local manufacturing industry.
1991 W. Self Quantity Theory of Insanity 24 If you shadow me this morning, you can get to know some of the patients informally this afternoon.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.c1050
v.c1000