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单词 shavaldour
释义

shavaldourn.

Forms: Also shavaldwre, schaveldore, schaveldowr(e, schawa(l)dour, schawatour, schalldour.
Etymology: Of obscure origin; the form is apparently Anglo-Norman. In the Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland III. 127 the word is quoted as schavaldurs from a document of 1319.
Obsolete.
A gentleman brigand of the Scottish border; a border-rider. The word occurs, chiefly in Latinized forms, in 14th cent. chronicles as the appellation of certain marauders in the bishopric of Durham in the reign of Edw. II, some of whom were hanged for plundering two cardinals on their way to Scotland in 1317. Probably on account of the notoriety of this incident, the word seems to have obtained some currency in England in the 15th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > robber > brigand > [noun] > in Scotland
shavaldourc1380
moss-trooper1645
Tory1651
Border-pricker1820
border-rider1820
c1330 J. Trokelowe Annales ann. 1317 (Rolls) 99 Quidam fatui de Northumbria, qui dicebantur ‘Savaldores’.
c1335 in J. Raine Hist. Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (1839) 94 (Bp. Rich. Kellowe, 1310–1316) Schavaldos insurgentes in episcopatu fortiter compescuit... Quidam..qui portabat robas Episcopi..occidit quendam schavaldum vel prædonem, Johannem de Wandel nomine, sed Regi familiarem.
a1347 Murimuth Contin. Chron. ann. 1317 (Rolls) 27 Et per suos schaveldarios marchiae inter Angliam et Scociam nec voluit R. le Bruys permittere quod ipsi cardinales regnum Scociae intrarent.
c1366 Knighton Chron. ann. 1318 (Rolls) I. 413 Cumque in partes Scotiæ [cardinales] venissent, insultavit eos dominus Gilbertus de Mydelton miles cum aliis elegantibus shavaldres, et eos..spoliaverunt.
a1369 Sir T. Gray Scalacronica (Maitland Club) 147 Les maufesurs estoint appellez schaualdours.]
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 210 To ȝeue costly cloþis & manye to riche men & mynstralis or shaualdours for worldly name.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 249 Ydel schaueldowris.c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 675 Shamefull shakerles, soleyn shaueldores, Oppressours of pepyll.c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxvi. 4363 [He] gat til hym a company, Þat as schawadouris [v.rr. schawaldouris, schawatouris] war walkande In til þe wail of Anande.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 444/2 Schaveldowre, discursor, vacabundus.c1440–50 Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 6716 lf. 23 Revera generosi inter nos dicuntur tales Schalldours Ryflours. Tales enim frangunt thalamos magnorum, asportant bona,..et spoliant religiosos.1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 205 A knycht..Said it wes to gret perell, So neir the schavaldwris [1489 Adv. sodiourys] to ga.

Derivatives

shavaldry n. (also schauadry, cheualdre) Obsolete ? plundering, lawless exaction.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > [noun]
purchasec1325
ridding1347
riflinga1350
despoilingc1374
preya1375
spoilingc1380
pillagea1393
shavaldrya1400
destrition14..
pillingc1400
pillery1433
spulyieingc1440
rapinea1450
spoliationc1460
depopulation1462
spulyie1464
depredation1483
despoil1483
predationa1500
pilferya1513
pollinga1513
spoil1532
pilling and pollinga1535
pilfering1548
expilation1563
rapt1584
escheat1587
fleecing1593
spoilage1597
depilation1611
manubiary1616
pillaging1629
plundering1632
exspoliation1634
peeling1641
despoliation1658
plunder1661
plunderage1700
spoliage1806
despoilment1822
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 3371 Þat he [sc. a king] schape to na schauadry [Dubl. MS. cheualdre] þat shend suld his fame.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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