shavev.

Brit.

/ʃeɪv/, U.S.

/ʃeɪv/

Forms: infinitive Old English scaeban, sceafan, scafan, scæfan, (Middle English 3rd person present scaft, scæft), Middle English schaf(e, schave, Middle English Scottish shawe, Middle English schavin, schaffe, Scottish schaiff, Middle English–1500s scheve, 1500s shawe, 1600s schaive, Middle English– shave. past tense Old English scóf, Middle English schove, s(c)hoof(e, (Middle English shoove, Scottish schufe), Middle English shufe, schof(e, ( schave, shoef), Middle English–1500s shove, (1500s Scottish schuif); weak Middle English schaved(e, schavyde, 1500s– shaved. past participle Old English sceafen, scafen, Middle English schaven, schavyn, shavyn, schave, shave, (Middle English schavun, Middle English shavon, Middle English–1500s schavin, 1500s Scottish schaven, schaiffyn, 1600s Scottish schevin, 1700s Scottish schawin, Middle English– shaven; also Middle English ischaven, Middle English i-schave, Middle English y-shave; weak Middle English– shaved, (1500s Scottish schavit).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: A Common Germanic verb (originally strong): Old English sceafan strong corresponds to Old Saxon (*scaƀan) scavan (glossing planare, scalpere), Low German, Dutch schaven, Old High German scaban, scapan (Middle High German schabun, schuop, geschaben, modern German schaben weak), Old Norse skafa, skóf, skafenn (Swedish skafva, Danish skave), Gothic skaban, < Germanic root *skaƀ-. It is doubtful whether the pre-Germanic form is *skabh- (= root of Latin scabĕre to scratch, scabiēs itch) or *skap- (= root of Greek σκάπτειν to dig, σκαπάνη spade).

a. transitive. To scrape, to scrape away the surface of, to cut down or pare away with a sharp tool, thereby removing very thin portions of the surface. Also with off. †to shave on: to put on by shaving or grating.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scrape

shavec725

shrapec1000

claw1377

screeve?1440

scartc1480

gratec1530

rape1533

ruffle1615

corrade1646

comb1654

rasp1707

scrape1731

skin1795

scuff1897

the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > in contact with a surface > by grating or shaving

to shave ona1655

c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) P 539 Poleo, scaebe.

a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. i. 30 Man scof þara boca leaf þe of Hibernia coman, & þa sceafþan dyde on wæter.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11125 Sum scæft [c1300 Otho safde] horn sum scaft ban.

c1366 Rom. Rose 941 But they [arrows] were shaven wel and dight.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1134 Polysed als playn as parchemen schauen.

a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 84 Euery day I schoue þe bare bone with instrument preparate þer-to.

a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1822 And schaf hyt after, þat ys be-bled, And do þe schauynge for to brenne.

1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 6 Pinnes..shalbe..wel smethed, the shanke wel shauen.

1584 J. Lyly Alexander, Campaspe, & Diogenes Prol. sig. A4 The Persian kinges sometimes shaued stickes.

a1655 T. T. de Mayerne Archimagirus Anglo-Gallicus (1658) xvi. 8 When they are baked, shave on a little sugar.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xx. 235/2 The Scalpra or Scraping Toole; it is to scrape or shave bones with all.

1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 585 A monitor is wood—plank shaven thin. We wear it at our backs.

1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States vi. 395 In the woods I saw a negro..shaving shingles.

1885 St. James's Gaz. 2 Jan. 6/2 The shaver, with a few long sweeps of this implement, quickly shaves down his raw material into supple hoops.

b. To scrape or pare (a skin, hide, etc.). spec. in Currying, To pare away the inequalities of and thin down (leather).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > other processes

curry14..

shave1467

dress1511

slaughter1603

raise1607

scutch1688

chamois1728

braya1835

break1842

fellmonger1843

fire-cure1848

crimp1849

board1860

pebble1862

soft-board1878

sam1883

stock1883

nourish1884

buff1885

pinwheel1885

sammy1885

wheel1885

unlime1888

1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 396 Also, that no Sadeler, Bocho^r, Baker, ne Glover..shave flesh, skynnes, or huydes, but above the Brugge.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 717/1 I shave, as a tanner dothe his leather, je planie. Nowe that his hydes be tanned, se howe easely he shaveth them.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 378 The currier..next applies the cleaners..to remove or thin down all inequalities. After the leather is shaved, it is thrown once more into water.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 379 Hides intended for covering coaches are shaved nearly as thin as shoe hides.

c. Hat-making. To smooth with pounce, sandpaper, etc. (cf. pounce v.² 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > make headgear [verb (transitive)] > make hats > carry out specific processes

block1622

plait1723

shear1728

ruff1842

plank1875

shave1875

velure1880

twang1882

half-block1884

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Pouncing Machine, a machine for shaving or rubbing the surface of a hat or hat-body to rid it of shaggy fibres.

1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Feb. 378/1 Finishing consists of ‘shaving’ with fine sand-paper and ‘luring’... The ‘luring’ is done with a suitable pad.

2. To remove by scraping or paring; to cut off in thin slices or shavings; also to shave off.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off > in thin slices

parea1382

shave1382

razea1387

skive1875

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. xxvi. 4 And I shal shaue [L. radam] the dust of it [sc. Tyre] from it.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 129 Gold i-schave of seyntes schrynes.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xvii. 1289 Þough a man fonde to schaue or to waisshe it oute of parchemyne, vnneþe schal he schaue or waissche so faste but somwhat þerof abyde after al his schauyng.

1635–8 Archdeaconry of Essex (MS.) Minutes 243 b The officers found him..in a barne where he is vehemently suspected to be shaving of barke.

1639 O. Wood Alphabet. Bk. Physicall Secrets 46 Take Iuniper thinne shaved, and the Berries bruised.

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiii. 221 Its sharp Edge scrapes or shaves off the little roughness the grosser Tools left upon the Work.

a. To cut off (hair, esp. the beard) close to the skin with or as with a razor. Also with away, off.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > cut

shearc897

shavec1320

topc1330

dockc1386

clipc1405

pollc1450

roundc1450

coll1483

cow?1507

not1530

trim1530

tonse1555

benotte1594

decurtate1599

scissora1625

to set upa1625

tonsure1793

c1320 R. Brunne's Medit. 966 Whan Iewes had dampned hym deþ for to haue, Shamely berde and hede gun þey shaue.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xiv. 8 He shal shaue alle the heeres of the bodi.

c1386 G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale 309 With crowne and berde all fressh and newe y-shaue.

1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. i. 3 Goddes angell shoue away his berde.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 93 And the other ought to shaue berdes and kembe the heeris.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/2 He hath shavyn away all the heare on his heed.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Sam. x. 4 Then toke Hanun the seruauntes of Dauid, and shoue of the one halue of their beerdes.

1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 88 In what house soeuer there dies a cat, all of the same family shaue their eyebrowes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. ii. 8 Were I the wearer of Anthonio's Beard, I would not shaue't to day.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xix. 140 The ceremony of shaving his beard,..when he first exchanged the cloak of a Greek philosopher for the military habit of a Roman prince.

1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. vii. 86 I immediately order the hair to be shaved off.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxii. 276 Take my counsel, and shave off them mustachios, or they'll bring you into mischief.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxiv. 308 Mr. Bowls's young man..brought him his hot water to shave that beard which he was so anxiously expecting.

1901 T. J. Alldridge Sherbro xx. 197 I observed other women with the wool shaved off just above the forehead.

†b. figurative. to shave (a person's) beard, to bring to discomfiture. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat

shendc893

overwinOE

overheaveOE

mate?c1225

to say checkmatea1346

vanquishc1366

stightlea1375

outrayc1390

to put undera1393

forbeat1393

to shave (a person's) beardc1412

to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425

adawc1440

supprisec1440

to knock downc1450

to put to the worsta1475

waurc1475

convanquish1483

to put out1485

trima1529

convince1548

foil1548

whip1571

evict1596

superate1598

reduce1605

convict1607

defail1608

cast1610

banga1616

evince1620

worst1646

conquer1655

cuffa1657

trounce1657

to ride down1670

outdo1677

routa1704

lurcha1716

fling1790

bowl1793

lick1800

beat1801

mill1810

to row (someone) up Salt River1828

defeat1830

sack1830

skunk1832

whop1836

pip1838

throw1850

to clean out1858

take1864

wallop1865

to sock it to1877

whack1877

to clean up1888

to beat out1893

to see off1919

to lower the boom on1920

tonk1926

clobber1944

ace1950

to run into the ground1955

c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 4340 Hir berdes shaued he right smothe & clene.

1418 Man, beware! 53 in 26 Pol. Poems 62 Er drede and repref þy berde shaue.

a. To cut off the beard, whiskers, or moustache from (a person, his chin, upper lip, etc.) with a razor.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > shave > a person

shavea1325

marquisotte1567

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2120 Ioseph was sone in prisun ðo hogt, And shauen & clad & to him brogt.

c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 582 He kisseth hire..With thilke brustles of his berd vnsofte..ffor he was shaue al newe.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 305 Ther was..a passand curios barbur, and for euer-ilk man þat he shufe he tuke a peny.

1522 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 400 No man shalbe made fre unlesse he..shave his upper lipe wicklye.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xli. 14 And he shaued himselfe, and changed his raiment.

1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage C 1 b This Gentleman..sent to me his Barber, Who lau'd, and shau'd me.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 125 Shaving the Chin is justly to be accounted a note of effeminacie.

a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 10 As in barbers shops he who is first wet is first shaven.

1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. viii. 49 Stepping into a barber's shop to be shaved.

1838 J. H. Merivale Poems I. 93 Who, were the razor ne'er so bright and keen, Would never think it shaved him clean.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xvi. 271 To be shaved was a fashion of Florentine respectability.

1871 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce i. iii. 72 The practice of shaving the chin was commenced in the days of Alexander the Great.

b. transferred and figurative.

ΚΠ

1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Di And Sprignols man told me (as he trimd me the other day) that there is a new Barber in London, about to shaue the Bible.

1799 T. Holcroft Let. vi, in Memoirs (1816) III. 229 A stiff breeze..described by a sailor, who swore that it shaved him.

1855 R. Browning Old Pictures in Florence v, in Men & Women II. 32 The church's..face set full for the sun to shave.

1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 519/1 [Beaver hat making.] The coarse hairs or kemps which may be in the fur are cut off by shaving the surface with a razor.

a. To remove the hair from (the head, crown, etc.) with a razor. Also (now rarely) with the person as object (= to shave the head of).Shaving the head is often jocularly referred to as a remedial operation for maniacal excitement.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > shave

shearc897

shave?c1225

strikec1275

razec1460

mow1647

scrapea1774

razora1783

tonsure1793

stubble1836

?c1225 Ancrene Riwle (Cleo.: Scribe B) (1972) 310 [Ȝe schulen beon] ȝef ȝe wulled ischauen. hwa se wule ieveset.

a1340 R. Rolle Cant. Moses in Psalter 522 Þe whilk [prisoners] was wont to be shauyn þe heuyd, & so solde.

c1370 Robt. Cicyle 53 Thou art a fole, seyde the aungelle, Thou schalt be schavyn ovyr ylke a dele.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos (1890) xxiv. 88 And thenne came out the olde witche of charmouse magyque,..alle her hed shauen.

1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden Ep. Ded. sig. A3 There is a..Doctor of late very pittifully growen bald, and thereupon is to be shauen immediately, to trie if that will helpe him.

1600 J. Hamilton Facile Traictise Sacram. 280 Wemen with barne..to be set vp in ane opin place with the half of thair haid schevin.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iv. ii. 176 Shaue the head, and tie the beard.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Acts xxi. 22 They [Nazarites] are to shave themselves ceremoniously in the Temple.

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives I. 5 (Theseus) He shaved, however, only the fore part of his head.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III vi, in Poet. Wks. (?1840) 243/1 Another [said]—‘Let him shave his head! Where's Dr. Willis?’

1886 F. W. Robinson Courting Mary Smith II. ii. xviii. 72 I believe I am nearly off, and they'll be glad to shave my head in a day or two.

1906 W. H. R. Rivers Todas xxviii. 663 The Melgarsol again resemble the Teivaliol in not shaving the head after a funeral.

b. esp. To tonsure as a cleric. †Frequently with complement, to shave (a person) a monk, canon, priest, friar; also, to make (a ‘crown’) by shaving.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > tonsure > perform tonsure [verb (transitive)]

sheara950

crownc1300

shavea1400

tonsure1843

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 121 He..Clede him all as a clerke & his croune shauys.

c1400 The Brut lxvii. 63 This traitoure..put oppon him an habite of religioun and lete shaue him a brode crone.

1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) viii. xix. 189 b Constance..forthwith anon Was shaue a Monke.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 18 Were be ye a monke or an abbot he that shoef your crowne, hath nyped of your eeris.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ix. i. f. 155/2 He past to ye abbay of sanct Andros, & schuyf h[y]m thair ane chanoun.

1616 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 164 Calsa Same was..to goe to a church neare Miaco..to be shaved a prist.

a1691 Sir D. North in H. Roscoe North's Lives (1826) II. 312 Who will, may shave himself a friar.

1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity II. iv. viii. 189 Irene..seized, scourged, shaved into ecclesiastics..the chief of her son's adherents.

†c. to shave (a person's) crown: to cut off or gash the head (with jocular reference to clerical tonsure). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > injure specific part

to shave (a person's) crown14..

slot?a1400

paunch1530

tuckc1640

shin1819

spine1888

whiplash1971

society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > tonsure > perform tonsure [verb (intransitive)]

to shave (a person's) crown14..

14.. Beues 1870 (MS. N) I schaue [MS. S schofe] him a kroune of red blode.

a1400 Guy Warw. 3651 Þou hast a croun schauen to þe bon.

a1400 Coer de L. 4568 Every Sarezen that they mette..by the schuldren they schoof the crown.

1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 ii. i. 55 Faith Priest, Ile shaue your Crowne.

d. Proverb.

ΚΠ

1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. i. ix. 77 For if Enuy (according to the prouerbe) will offer to shaue an eg, she will mow in a meadow. [Fr. Car si l'enuie tond survn œuf, que ne fera elle sur vn pré.]

1792 J. Wolcot Odes to Kien Long ii. 11 Curst with an av'rice, some would shave an egg.

a. absol. Of a barber.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify the hair [verb (intransitive)] > shave the beard

shavec1405

barb1583

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 140 Wel koude he laten blood and clippe and shaue.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. ii. 90 He made hys doughters to lerne shaue and kembe.

c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 1020 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 252 His barboure tald hym til, gyf he wald haf don þer wil, he had schorne his hals in twa, to schaf þat quhen he suld ga.

1689 London Gaz. No. 2483/4 He shaves and makes Periwigs.

1719 Free-thinker No. 95. 1 A poor Barber, who Shaves for Two-pence.

b. intransitive for reflexive. To shave oneself.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify the hair [verb (intransitive)] > shave oneself

shavea1715

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 558 He was quickly dressed, but would lose no time in shaving.

1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. iii. 73 I have seen the Doctor with a langer beard himsell, when he has not had leisure to shave.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xxvi. 315 Even Archbishops shave, or must be shaved, on a Sunday.

a. transitive. To strip (a person) clean of money or possessions (? obsolete); †to treat stingily (obsolete); to practise exaction or extortion upon; to fleece. Also absol. Now colloquial or slang. †More emphatically to shave to the quick (see also quick adj., n.¹, and adv.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) > completely

bestrip1065

stripa1225

shavec1399

barec1440

strip1594

shrig1601

undress1641

drain1660

the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)]

ransom?a1425

to poll and pill1528

exact1534

bloodsuck?1541

extort1561

rack1576

flay1584

shave1606

wire-draw1616

punisha1626

sponge1631

squeeze1639

screwa1643

to screw up1655

bleed1680

torture1687

to screw down1725

to shake down1872

to squeeze (someone) until the pips squeak1918

to bleed white1935

rent1956

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > fleece

milk?1531

shred1548

suck1558

shear1570

fleece1575

shave1606

unfleece1609

jib1728

skin1819

sweat1847

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > be niggardly of [verb (transitive)] > treat in niggardly manner

princhea1393

pinch1557

scantle1581

scant1607

shavea1610

niggarda1616

churl1696

nickel-and-dime1913

c1399 G. Chaucer Purse 19 Now purse..Oute of this tovne helpe me..Syn that ye wole nat bene my tresorere, for I am shave as nye as is a Frere.

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iv. sig. Miv He shall be pollyd and shauen by vs, tyll he shal not haue a halfepennye lefte.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxliij The religious..were charged with greate sommes of money to the kyng, and now this sodain visitacion or predacion, cleane shaued them.

1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London vi. sig. F2 Then haue you Brokers y^t shaue poor men by most iewish interest.

a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters (1636) 48 Hee measureth miserably to his servants; shaving, and pinching them to a grain.

1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man iv. 51 We should never travel without—a case of good razors... But no matter, I believe we shall be pretty well shaved in Scotland.

1830 D. Booth Analyt. Dict. Eng. Lang. 220 To Shave, in low language, is to strip a person of his property by unfair means.

1861 Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne III. iii. xi. 116 I bought this rig-out yesterday, second-hand. Two pounds for the lot: I think they shaved me.

1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) 226 ‘To shave a customer’, to charge him more for an article than the marked price. Used in the drapery trade. When the master sees an opportunity of doing this, he strokes his chin, as a signal to his assistant.

b. absol.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion [verb (intransitive)]

extortion1502

poll1521

shave1528

extort1529

to shark on or upona1596

the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [verb (intransitive)] > fleece

shave1528

1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. lxxv^v This..sheringe of the heare..is to them a remembraunce to shere and shave, to hepe benefice apon benfice [sic].

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 50 Thus then the civill Magistrat looking only upon the outward man... Sometimes he shaves by penalty, or mulct... Otherwhiles he seres,..and finally..cuts off.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew He shaves close, he gripes, squeezes, or extorts very severely.

1816 W. Scott Let. 29 May (1933) IV. 242 Economy is the order of the day, and I assure you they are shaving properly close.

†8. To steal. slang. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)]

pick?c1300

takec1300

fetch1377

bribec1405

usurpc1412

rapc1415

to rap and rendc1415

embezzle1495

lifta1529

pilfer1532

suffurate1542

convey?1545

mill1567

prig1567

strike1567

lag1573

shave1585

knave1601

twitch1607

cly1610

asport1621

pinch1632

snapa1639

nap1665

panyar1681

to carry off1684

to pick up1687

thievea1695

to gipsy away1696

bone1699

make1699

win1699

magg1762

snatch1766

to make off with1768

snavel1795

feck1809

shake1811

nail1819

geach1821

pull1821

to run off1821

smug1825

nick1826

abduct1831

swag1846

nobble1855

reef1859

snig1862

find1865

to pull off1865

cop1879

jump1879

slock1888

swipe1889

snag1895

rip1904

snitch1904

pole1906

glom1907

boost1912

hot-stuff1914

score1914

clifty1918

to knock off1919

snoop1924

heist1930

hoist1931

rabbit1943

to rip off1967

to have off1974

1585 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 303 Shave is to ffylche a clooke, a sword, a sylver sponne or such like, that is negligentlie looked unto.

1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 105 The Maidens had shav'd his Breeches.

a. To cut off cleanly or closely. Also with off. †to shave out one's way: to get out by cutting down obstacles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)] > cut off or away (with an instrument)

thwitea900

telwec1440

mowc1450

top1509

summer top1548

whittle1552

white1567

shave1605

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > through or over obstacles > by cutting

shearc1275

to shave out one's way1605

to cut one's waya1616

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 20 He..Shaues with keene Sythe, the glory and delight Of motly Medowes.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia x. 447 She..from his corps his head did shaue.

1665 in Roxburghe Ballads (1887) VI. 437 Brave Smith in the Mary did shave out his way As Reapers do Wheat, or as Mowers do Hay.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. vi. 193 The peak [of his cap] was shaved off close to his temple by a ball.

1836 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 1st Ser. xxii They are afeard to show their noses..lest they should be shaved off by our shots.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 164 The Fans, who are very slowly shaving the trees from the top of the hill.

b. To cut off closely the growth of (ground, a lawn, etc.); also transferred of artillery fire.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > reap or mow a crop > reap or mow a field

moweOE

reapOE

shave1764

1764 R. Dodsley Leasowes in W. Shenstone Wks. (1793) I. 48 Ground..that before is kept close shaven.

1788 in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1861) II. 98 Our lawn is shaved so close by the goats.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas xlviii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 45 Like a meadow which no scythe has shaven.

1892 A. Bierce In Midst of Life 56 An artillery fire that will shave the ground the moment they break from cover.

10.

a. To touch lightly in passing, to graze; hence, barely to escape touching.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move or cause to move progressively in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > move lightly over or along

scum1513

shave1513

sweep1538

raze1555

grazea1616

frizzle1634

brush1647

brush1674

to brush (a thing) over1700

skim1796

skiff1807

scuff1818

skitter1885

swab1892

the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > narrowly > narrowly escape touching

shave1777

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. i. 137 I am God Tibris..Quhilk..Bettis thir brayis, schawand the bankis doun [L. stringentem ripas].

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 634 Som times He [sc. Satan] scours the right hand coast,..Now shaves with level wing the Deep, then soares Up to the fiery concave.

1777 T. Swift Gamblers i. 213 There [i.e. at Tennis] Tomkyns shaves the Line; or flying sends The whizzing Globe.

1885 Field 7 Feb. 168/1 An attempt of Evelyn's which just shaved the bar.

1888 J. M. Barrie When Man's Single xi. 181 Three hansoms shaved him by an inch.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 128 As we turned one corner we hung nearly over the cliff, just shaved it.

b. intransitive. to shave through: to get through only by grazing (that which has to be passed); figurative to scrape through, barely pass (an examination).

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > examination > examine [verb (intransitive)] > pass examination

to get through1805

through1830

pass1843

to shave through1860

scratch1890

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > through > only just

to shave through1860

1860 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang (ed. 2) (at cited word) At Cambridge, ‘just shaving through’, or ‘making a shave’, is just escaping a ‘pluck’ by coming out at the bottom of the list.

1882 E. A. Freeman in W. R. W. Stephens Life & Lett. E. A. Freeman (1895) II. 256 Another who had barely shaved through his matriculation.

1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 45 It would be too late for the straits. You can only shave through at half-tide.

11. transitive. U.S. slang. To discount (a promissory note) at an exorbitant rate of interest; also to shave paper. (Cf. shaver n. 2b.)

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (intransitive)] > use bills of exchange

redraw1697

to fly a kite1808

shave1832

to draw pig on (also upon) pork1846

to fly a bill1861

1832 N. Webster Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) To shave a note, to purchase it at a great discount, a discount much beyond the legal rate of interest. (A low phrase.)

1834 C. A. Davis Lett. J. Downing, Major xv. 101 He says..he is makin a good livin in shavin drafts from ¹/ ₄ to 1¹/ ₂ per cent, which the U.S. Bank used to take and collect for nothin.

1834 ‘J. Downing’ Life A. Jackson 29 The Pontius Pilates who shave notes and receive niggurs in pawn.

1890 B. L. Gildersleeve Ess. & Stud. 225 He could not have made both ends meet by ‘shaving paper’ at thirty-six per cent.

12.

a. To cut down in amount, to reduce. Originally and chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail

wanea889

dockc1380

bridgec1384

abridgea1393

limita1398

syncopec1412

defalk1475

shortena1535

to cut short?1542

royn1573

retrench1587

curtail1589

retranch1589

lop1594

scantle1596

scant1599

scantelize1611

curtalize1622

defalce1651

detrench1655

barb1657

defalcatea1690

razee1815

detruncate1846

to cut down1857

shave1898

1898 Boston Herald 23 Jan. 14/3 There are indications that tariff sheets are being secretly shaved.

1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? vii. 141 The studio was having one of its periodic drives to cut overheads—which seemed to mean shaving stenographers' wages first.

1961 P. G. Wodehouse Service with Smile xi. 203 In the hope of making him shave his price a bit?

1972 Times 16 Feb. 13/8 This coin enables traders to shave their prices and if it did not exist there would be a considerable rounding up.

b. To deduct (a small amount) from or off (a quantity, time, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (transitive)]

abatec1400

rebate1425

batec1440

minishc1483

diminish?1504

detract1509

detray1509

deduct1524

defalkc1540

defalcate1541

subtray1549

derogate1561

discount1561

deduce?1566

substract1592

to strike off1597

reduct1600

subtract1610

subduct1716

to knock off1811

dock1891

shave1961

minus1963

1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) New procedures shave minutes from the unloading process. N.Y. Times.

1982 Times 26 Aug. 15/2 The Bank shaved another 1/8 of a percentage point off the rate at which it buys bills from the discount houses.

Compounds

shavecoat n. a man's casual garment resembling a housecoat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > dress, robe, or gown > types of > for specific purpose > for wear at home > garment resembling

shaver1926

shavecoat1964

1964 N.Y. Times Mag. 29 Nov. 73 Weldon makes something like a shavecoat. It's extra comfortable and convenient for shaving.

1970 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 27 Dec. 6 d The bridegroom wore a mustard colored shavecoat. But it was a very nice shavecoat.

shavetail n. originally U.S. Military slang (a) an untrained pack animal, identified by a shaven tail; also attributive; (b) figurative a newly commissioned officer, spec. a second lieutenant; also gen., an inexperienced person; also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > work animals > beast of burden

widgeeOE

beastc1300

jument1382

aver?a1513

sumpter1526

sumpture1567

beast of carriage1586

beast of burden1740

sumpter1821

pack animal1846

shavetail1846

baggage-animal1852

baggager1859

pack1866

packer1875

the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [noun] > inexperience > inexperienced person or people

greenhead1576

unexperienced1622

green man1635

greenhorn1672

amateur1767

green1824

greeny1834

Hoosier1846

shavetail1846

Boy Scout1918

nig-nog1953

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > lieutenant > sub-lieutenant

sub-lieutenant1684

under-lieutenant1691

shavetail1846

one-pip1919

1846 New Orleans Delta 31 Aug. 366/2 [This mule] was followed by Shavetail Kicky, Esq., who, in a few pertinent remarks, expressed his ass-ent to the proceedings.

1891 J. G. Bourke On Border with Crook 153 Officers..are known as ‘bell-sharps’ and ‘shave-tails’..the former being the old captain..and the latter the youngster fresh from his studies.

1908 R. E. Beach Barrier 283 The first shave~tail desperado that meets him will spit in his eye.

1948 F. Blake Johnny Christmas i. 26 He had..six shavetail Indian ponies packed with articles he had brought down to sell.

1976 L. Deighton Twinkle, twinkle, Little Spy vii. 70 I was a shavetail, just out of pilot training.

1980 Blair & Ketchum's Country Jrnl. Oct. 43/1 That last practice started in the mines, where a ‘shavetail’ was a snaky mule, not to be trusted.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	shave
释义	shaven.¹ Brit. /ʃeɪv/, U.S. /ʃeɪv/ Forms: Old English sceafa, sceaba, scafa, Middle English schave, 1600s shaffe, Middle English– shave. Etymology: Old English sceafa weak masculine, corresponding to Middle Dutch schave (Dutch schaaf ) feminine, Old High German scaba (Middle High German, modern German schabe feminine), Icelandic skafa feminine < Germanic skaƀon- , < root skaƀ- : see shave v. Compare shave-hook n. A name applied to various tools adapted for scraping, paring, or removing the surface of material in very thin slices; a drawing or paring knife; also short for spokeshave n., hoop-shave, etc. Frequently with distinguishing epithet as cooper's, mast, round shave, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > shaving or paring shavec825 shave-hook1432 paring-iron1491 spokeshave1510 shaving-knife1530–1 shaver1558 parer1573 stock-shave1794 inshave1875 over-shave1875 travisher1929 scratch stock1934 c825 Epinal Gloss. 853 Runcina, locær vel sceaba. a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 263 Æcse, adsan, bil, byrse, scafan. 1352 Exch. Acc. Q.R. Bundle 20 No. 27 Pro vi. instrumentis vocatis Shaues pro nave praedicta mundanda. 1390 Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 20 Super officio scutellarie,..pro j hausak, et j schaue. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 127 Euene the brynkis [of a hole cut in the brain-pan] with schauynge... Þis schaue schal kutte on þe side þat foldiþ ynward. 1404 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 397 Item in custodia Plumbarii,..2 schaves, cum maliotis, rakis [etc.]. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 444/2 Schave, or schavynge knyfe, scalpellum, C.F. scalprum. 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke iii. x. 78 b The Squire, the Line, the Shaue, the Pricker or Punche were deuised by Theodor a Samian. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. viii. 351/1 A kind of a small half round Plain, of which the Fletchers have two sorts; the first is termed a Ripper;..the next is the Shaffe, or Hollow Shaffe, it worketh the same smooth and round, and fit to be made up into an Arrow. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xx. 249/1 He beareth sable, a Smooth Shave, Argent,..which some call a smooth shaveing Knife. 1780 J. Edmondson Compl. Body Heraldry II. (Gloss.) Curriers Shaves, or Paring-Knives, tools made use of by the Curriers to thin the leather. 1842 Penny Mag. 12 Nov. 447/1 The skains are thin ribands of willow, produced by passing the splits through a kind of shave or plane. 1859 W. S. Coleman Our Woodlands 65 In the manufacture of chip-hats..young branches [of the White Willow] are taken and cut into thin slices by an instrument called a shave. 1875 Carpentry & Joinery 13 We now come to the two handed shave or draw knife as it is often called. Compounds shave-iron n. the blade of a shave or drawing-knife. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > shaving or paring > blade of shave-iron1872 1872 Spons' Dict. Engin. V. 1814. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shaven.² Brit. /ʃeɪv/, U.S. /ʃeɪv/ Etymology: < shave v. 1. a. Something shaved off; a shaving, paring, thin slice; †figurative a sample, specimen.Cf. shive n.¹ with which, however, it is not etymologically connected. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > an individual case or instance > [noun] > typical or representative case > part as representative of the whole > sample or specimen taste1390 muster1400 sample1428 scantillon1465 say1525 casta1556 assay1581 show1582 shave1604 trial1612 essay1614 pattern1648 trial-piece1663 dasha1672 swatch1697 spice1790 sampler1823 the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] > thin piece shaved or stripped off shavingc1386 stripping1601 shave1725 1604 T. Middleton Blacke Bk. F j b You shall not sticke Benedick, to giue a shaue of your Office [of cut-purse] at Powles Crosse in the Sermon time. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd i. i Bannocks and a shave of cheese Will make a breakfast. 1788 E. Picken Poems & Epist. 63 A shave o' cheese. 1875 T. Seaton Man. Fret Cutting vi. 56 Try and take off the smallest possible shaves. 1890 J. Service Thir Notandums xi I got the lassock to fetch me..a saft bile't egg on a shave o' laif. Categories » b. ‘Theatrical slang. The proportion of the receipts paid to a travelling company by a local manager’ (Farmer Slang 1902.) 2. An act of shaving the beard. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > [noun] > cutting or shaving > act of > a shave shave1838 scrape1859 ocean wave1928 wet shave1976 1838 R. Southey Doctor V. 203 And if the daily shavings of one year..could be put into one shave, the operation..would be more than flesh and blood could bear. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xxix. 346 Being here, I may as well have a shave, and get trimmed close. 1887 A. W. Tuer & C. E. Fagan First Year Silken Reign v. 74 Barbers' shops, where a penny shave had been the staple trade. 3. a. An act of swindling or extortion. clean shave (figurative of sense 1): a complete swindle. Cf. shave v. 7. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > extortion > [noun] > instance of shavery1549 rack rent1605 shave1834 touch1896 shakedown1902 hold-up1908 milking1936 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > [noun] > instance or piece of lurch1533 fool-finder1685 chouse1708 swindle1778 swindling1814 do1821 shave1834 steal1872 fiddle1874 diddle1885 ramp1888 tweedle1890 take-down1892 window dressing1892 gyp1898 bobol1907 flanker1923 hype1926 have-on1931 chizz1953 scam1963 rip-off1968 rip1971 1834 C. A. Davis Lett. J. Downing, Major iv. 39 I've got some real shaves myself in that way. 1838 Knickerbocker Mag. 12 317 They speak of the above transaction but seldom, and invariably as ‘the dead shave!’. 1855 J. R. Planché Discreet Princess in Extravaganzas (1879) V. 130 I much suspect this is some barbarous ‘shave’. 1863 Once a Week 7 Feb. 179/1 We doubt if any lady is aware of the very clean shave she is constantly undergoing. 1881 Harper's Mag. Sept. 492/2 The benches [on Brighton beach] are in one sense a shave... No sooner is a seat taken than a beach-man..demands a penny. Categories » b. ‘U.S. Cant. (a) An exorbitant discount on a note. (b) A premium paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for the right to vary a stock contract in any particular’ (Webster 1864–96). 4. Military slang. An unauthenticated report. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > reporting > [noun] > a report > unfounded potgun1623 shave1813 1813 R. M. Cairnes Let. to Col. W. Cuppage 11 June (MS.) The shave of the day is that Burgos is evacuated and destroyed: but this cannot surely be. 1898 G. S. Robertson Chitral 322 In every camp in war time, there are curious rumours called ‘shaves’, which originate no one knows how, and are disseminated with equal mystery. They are sometimes fantastic, but often curiously accurate. 5. a. A slight or grazing touch; hence, a narrow escape from touching, more emphatically a close, near shave and the like. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > escape > [noun] > narrow > from touching a close, near shave1834 touch1837 1834 R. H. Froude Remains 23 Nov. (1838) I. 381 I seem to myself to have had a shave, if indeed I have weathered the point yet. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. vii. 73 We passed clear; but it was a close shave. 1866 C. Dickens Mugby Junction v, in All Year Round Extra Christmas No., 10 Dec. 27/1 The next instant the hind coach passed my engine by a shave. It was the nearest touch I ever saw. 1892 T. H. Huxley in L. Huxley Life & Lett. T. H. Huxley (1900) II. xix. 329 I had a narrow shave to get down to Osborne. 1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life I. 77 Accomplishing the distance..with equally remarkable near shaves of a collision. b. University slang. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks > pass or pass without honours gulf1827 pass1838 shave1840 1840 T. Hook Fitzherbert II. ix. 239 Collegians glorying in a ‘pass’ (which the Oxford world called a ‘shave’). 1840 J. T. J. Hewlett Peter Priggins xvi, in New Monthly Mag. Getting through his great-go by a shave. 1860 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang (ed. 2) (at cited word) At Cambridge, ‘just shaving through’, or ‘making a shave’, is just escaping a ‘pluck’ by coming out at the bottom of the list. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). shavev. Brit. /ʃeɪv/, U.S. /ʃeɪv/ Forms: infinitive Old English scaeban, sceafan, scafan, scæfan, (Middle English 3rd person present scaft, scæft), Middle English schaf(e, schave, Middle English Scottish shawe, Middle English schavin, schaffe, Scottish schaiff, Middle English–1500s scheve, 1500s shawe, 1600s schaive, Middle English– shave. past tense Old English scóf, Middle English schove, s(c)hoof(e, (Middle English shoove, Scottish schufe), Middle English shufe, schof(e, ( schave, shoef), Middle English–1500s shove, (1500s Scottish schuif); weak Middle English schaved(e, schavyde, 1500s– shaved. past participle Old English sceafen, scafen, Middle English schaven, schavyn, shavyn, schave, shave, (Middle English schavun, Middle English shavon, Middle English–1500s schavin, 1500s Scottish schaven, schaiffyn, 1600s Scottish schevin, 1700s Scottish schawin, Middle English– shaven; also Middle English ischaven, Middle English i-schave, Middle English y-shave; weak Middle English– shaved, (1500s Scottish schavit). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A Common Germanic verb (originally strong): Old English sceafan strong corresponds to Old Saxon (scaƀan) scavan* (glossing planare, scalpere), Low German, Dutch schaven, Old High German scaban, scapan (Middle High German schabun, schuop, geschaben, modern German schaben weak), Old Norse skafa, skóf, skafenn (Swedish skafva, Danish skave), Gothic skaban, < Germanic root skaƀ-. It is doubtful whether the pre-Germanic form is skabh- (= root of Latin scabĕre to scratch, scabiēs itch) or skap- (= root of Greek σκάπτειν* to dig, σκαπάνη spade). 1. a. transitive. To scrape, to scrape away the surface of, to cut down or pare away with a sharp tool, thereby removing very thin portions of the surface. Also with off. †to shave on: to put on by shaving or grating. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scrape shavec725 shrapec1000 claw1377 screeve?1440 scartc1480 gratec1530 rape1533 ruffle1615 corrade1646 comb1654 rasp1707 scrape1731 skin1795 scuff1897 the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > place or put in a position [verb (transitive)] > in contact with a surface > by grating or shaving to shave ona1655 c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) P 539 Poleo, scaebe. a900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) i. i. 30 Man scof þara boca leaf þe of Hibernia coman, & þa sceafþan dyde on wæter. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11125 Sum scæft [c1300 Otho safde] horn sum scaft ban. c1366 Rom. Rose 941 But they [arrows] were shaven wel and dight. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1134 Polysed als playn as parchemen schauen. a1425 tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 84 Euery day I schoue þe bare bone with instrument preparate þer-to. a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 1822 And schaf hyt after, þat ys be-bled, And do þe schauynge for to brenne. 1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 6 Pinnes..shalbe..wel smethed, the shanke wel shauen. 1584 J. Lyly Alexander, Campaspe, & Diogenes Prol. sig. A4 The Persian kinges sometimes shaued stickes. a1655 T. T. de Mayerne Archimagirus Anglo-Gallicus (1658) xvi. 8 When they are baked, shave on a little sugar. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory (1905) iii. xx. 235/2 The Scalpra or Scraping Toole; it is to scrape or shave bones with all. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 585 A monitor is wood—plank shaven thin. We wear it at our backs. 1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States vi. 395 In the woods I saw a negro..shaving shingles. 1885 St. James's Gaz. 2 Jan. 6/2 The shaver, with a few long sweeps of this implement, quickly shaves down his raw material into supple hoops. b. To scrape or pare (a skin, hide, etc.). spec. in Currying, To pare away the inequalities of and thin down (leather). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > other processes curry14.. shave1467 dress1511 slaughter1603 raise1607 scutch1688 chamois1728 braya1835 break1842 fellmonger1843 fire-cure1848 crimp1849 board1860 pebble1862 soft-board1878 sam1883 stock1883 nourish1884 buff1885 pinwheel1885 sammy1885 wheel1885 unlime1888 1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 396 Also, that no Sadeler, Bocho^r, Baker, ne Glover..shave flesh, skynnes, or huydes, but above the Brugge. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 717/1 I shave, as a tanner dothe his leather, je planie. Nowe that his hydes be tanned, se howe easely he shaveth them. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 378 The currier..next applies the cleaners..to remove or thin down all inequalities. After the leather is shaved, it is thrown once more into water. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 379 Hides intended for covering coaches are shaved nearly as thin as shoe hides. c. Hat-making. To smooth with pounce, sandpaper, etc. (cf. pounce v.² 1). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > make headgear [verb (transitive)] > make hats > carry out specific processes block1622 plait1723 shear1728 ruff1842 plank1875 shave1875 velure1880 twang1882 half-block1884 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Pouncing Machine, a machine for shaving or rubbing the surface of a hat or hat-body to rid it of shaggy fibres. 1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Feb. 378/1 Finishing consists of ‘shaving’ with fine sand-paper and ‘luring’... The ‘luring’ is done with a suitable pad. 2. To remove by scraping or paring; to cut off in thin slices or shavings; also to shave off. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > detach [verb (transitive)] > cut off > in thin slices parea1382 shave1382 razea1387 skive1875 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. xxvi. 4 And I shal shaue [L. radam] the dust of it [sc. Tyre] from it. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 129 Gold i-schave of seyntes schrynes. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xvii. 1289 Þough a man fonde to schaue or to waisshe it oute of parchemyne, vnneþe schal he schaue or waissche so faste but somwhat þerof abyde after al his schauyng. 1635–8 Archdeaconry of Essex (MS.) Minutes 243 b The officers found him..in a barne where he is vehemently suspected to be shaving of barke. 1639 O. Wood Alphabet. Bk. Physicall Secrets 46 Take Iuniper thinne shaved, and the Berries bruised. 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiii. 221 Its sharp Edge scrapes or shaves off the little roughness the grosser Tools left upon the Work. 3. a. To cut off (hair, esp. the beard) close to the skin with or as with a razor. Also with away, off. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > cut shearc897 shavec1320 topc1330 dockc1386 clipc1405 pollc1450 roundc1450 coll1483 cow?1507 not1530 trim1530 tonse1555 benotte1594 decurtate1599 scissora1625 to set upa1625 tonsure1793 c1320 R. Brunne's Medit. 966 Whan Iewes had dampned hym deþ for to haue, Shamely berde and hede gun þey shaue. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xiv. 8 He shal shaue alle the heeres of the bodi. c1386 G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale 309 With crowne and berde all fressh and newe y-shaue. 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. i. 3 Goddes angell shoue away his berde. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. iii. 93 And the other ought to shaue berdes and kembe the heeris. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/2 He hath shavyn away all the heare on his heed. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Sam. x. 4 Then toke Hanun the seruauntes of Dauid, and shoue of the one halue of their beerdes. 1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 88 In what house soeuer there dies a cat, all of the same family shaue their eyebrowes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. ii. 8 Were I the wearer of Anthonio's Beard, I would not shaue't to day. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xix. 140 The ceremony of shaving his beard,..when he first exchanged the cloak of a Greek philosopher for the military habit of a Roman prince. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. vii. 86 I immediately order the hair to be shaved off. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxii. 276 Take my counsel, and shave off them mustachios, or they'll bring you into mischief. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxiv. 308 Mr. Bowls's young man..brought him his hot water to shave that beard which he was so anxiously expecting. 1901 T. J. Alldridge Sherbro xx. 197 I observed other women with the wool shaved off just above the forehead. †b. figurative. to shave (a person's) beard, to bring to discomfiture. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat shendc893 overwinOE overheaveOE mate?c1225 to say checkmatea1346 vanquishc1366 stightlea1375 outrayc1390 to put undera1393 forbeat1393 to shave (a person's) beardc1412 to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425 adawc1440 supprisec1440 to knock downc1450 to put to the worsta1475 waurc1475 convanquish1483 to put out1485 trima1529 convince1548 foil1548 whip1571 evict1596 superate1598 reduce1605 convict1607 defail1608 cast1610 banga1616 evince1620 worst1646 conquer1655 cuffa1657 trounce1657 to ride down1670 outdo1677 routa1704 lurcha1716 fling1790 bowl1793 lick1800 beat1801 mill1810 to row (someone) up Salt River1828 defeat1830 sack1830 skunk1832 whop1836 pip1838 throw1850 to clean out1858 take1864 wallop1865 to sock it to1877 whack1877 to clean up1888 to beat out1893 to see off1919 to lower the boom on1920 tonk1926 clobber1944 ace1950 to run into the ground1955 c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 4340 Hir berdes shaued he right smothe & clene. 1418 Man, beware! 53 in 26 Pol. Poems 62 Er drede and repref þy berde shaue. 4. a. To cut off the beard, whiskers, or moustache from (a person, his chin, upper lip, etc.) with a razor. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > shave > a person shavea1325 marquisotte1567 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2120 Ioseph was sone in prisun ðo hogt, And shauen & clad & to him brogt. c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 582 He kisseth hire..With thilke brustles of his berd vnsofte..ffor he was shaue al newe. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 305 Ther was..a passand curios barbur, and for euer-ilk man þat he shufe he tuke a peny. 1522 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 400 No man shalbe made fre unlesse he..shave his upper lipe wicklye. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xli. 14 And he shaued himselfe, and changed his raiment. View more context for this quotation 1618 J. Taylor Pennyles Pilgrimage C 1 b This Gentleman..sent to me his Barber, Who lau'd, and shau'd me. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 125 Shaving the Chin is justly to be accounted a note of effeminacie. a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 10 As in barbers shops he who is first wet is first shaven. 1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. viii. 49 Stepping into a barber's shop to be shaved. 1838 J. H. Merivale Poems I. 93 Who, were the razor ne'er so bright and keen, Would never think it shaved him clean. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xvi. 271 To be shaved was a fashion of Florentine respectability. 1871 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce i. iii. 72 The practice of shaving the chin was commenced in the days of Alexander the Great. b. transferred and figurative. ΚΠ 1589 ‘Pasquill of England’ Returne of Pasquill sig. Di And Sprignols man told me (as he trimd me the other day) that there is a new Barber in London, about to shaue the Bible. 1799 T. Holcroft Let. vi, in Memoirs (1816) III. 229 A stiff breeze..described by a sailor, who swore that it shaved him. 1855 R. Browning Old Pictures in Florence v, in Men & Women II. 32 The church's..face set full for the sun to shave. 1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 519/1 [Beaver hat making.] The coarse hairs or kemps which may be in the fur are cut off by shaving the surface with a razor. 5. a. To remove the hair from (the head, crown, etc.) with a razor. Also (now rarely) with the person as object (= to shave the head of).Shaving the head is often jocularly referred to as a remedial operation for maniacal excitement. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > shave shearc897 shave?c1225 strikec1275 razec1460 mow1647 scrapea1774 razora1783 tonsure1793 stubble1836 ?c1225 Ancrene Riwle (Cleo.: Scribe B) (1972) 310 [Ȝe schulen beon] ȝef ȝe wulled ischauen. hwa se wule ieveset. a1340 R. Rolle Cant. Moses in Psalter 522 Þe whilk [prisoners] was wont to be shauyn þe heuyd, & so solde. c1370 Robt. Cicyle 53 Thou art a fole, seyde the aungelle, Thou schalt be schavyn ovyr ylke a dele. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos (1890) xxiv. 88 And thenne came out the olde witche of charmouse magyque,..alle her hed shauen. 1596 T. Nashe Haue with you to Saffron-Walden Ep. Ded. sig. A3 There is a..Doctor of late very pittifully growen bald, and thereupon is to be shauen immediately, to trie if that will helpe him. 1600 J. Hamilton Facile Traictise Sacram. 280 Wemen with barne..to be set vp in ane opin place with the half of thair haid schevin. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iv. ii. 176 Shaue the head, and tie the beard. View more context for this quotation 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Acts xxi. 22 They [Nazarites] are to shave themselves ceremoniously in the Temple. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives I. 5 (Theseus) He shaved, however, only the fore part of his head. a1822 P. B. Shelley Peter Bell III vi, in Poet. Wks. (?1840) 243/1 Another [said]—‘Let him shave his head! Where's Dr. Willis?’ 1886 F. W. Robinson Courting Mary Smith II. ii. xviii. 72 I believe I am nearly off, and they'll be glad to shave my head in a day or two. 1906 W. H. R. Rivers Todas xxviii. 663 The Melgarsol again resemble the Teivaliol in not shaving the head after a funeral. b. esp. To tonsure as a cleric. †Frequently with complement, to shave (a person) a monk, canon, priest, friar; also, to make (a ‘crown’) by shaving. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > tonsure > perform tonsure [verb (transitive)] sheara950 crownc1300 shavea1400 tonsure1843 a1400–50 Wars Alex. 121 He..Clede him all as a clerke & his croune shauys. c1400 The Brut lxvii. 63 This traitoure..put oppon him an habite of religioun and lete shaue him a brode crone. 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) viii. xix. 189 b Constance..forthwith anon Was shaue a Monke. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 18 Were be ye a monke or an abbot he that shoef your crowne, hath nyped of your eeris. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ix. i. f. 155/2 He past to ye abbay of sanct Andros, & schuyf h[y]m thair ane chanoun. 1616 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 164 Calsa Same was..to goe to a church neare Miaco..to be shaved a prist. a1691 Sir D. North in H. Roscoe North's Lives (1826) II. 312 Who will, may shave himself a friar. 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity II. iv. viii. 189 Irene..seized, scourged, shaved into ecclesiastics..the chief of her son's adherents. †c. to shave (a person's) crown: to cut off or gash the head (with jocular reference to clerical tonsure). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > injure specific part to shave (a person's) crown14.. slot?a1400 paunch1530 tuckc1640 shin1819 spine1888 whiplash1971 society > faith > worship > cleanness (ceremonial) > tonsure > perform tonsure [verb (intransitive)] to shave (a person's) crown14.. 14.. Beues 1870 (MS. N) I schaue [MS. S schofe] him a kroune of red blode. a1400 Guy Warw. 3651 Þou hast a croun schauen to þe bon. a1400 Coer de L. 4568 Every Sarezen that they mette..by the schuldren they schoof the crown. 1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 ii. i. 55 Faith Priest, Ile shaue your Crowne. d. Proverb. ΚΠ 1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. i. ix. 77 For if Enuy (according to the prouerbe) will offer to shaue an eg, she will mow in a meadow. [Fr. Car si l'enuie tond survn œuf, que ne fera elle sur vn pré.] 1792 J. Wolcot Odes to Kien Long ii. 11 Curst with an av'rice, some would shave an egg. 6. a. absol. Of a barber. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify the hair [verb (intransitive)] > shave the beard shavec1405 barb1583 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 140 Wel koude he laten blood and clippe and shaue. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. ii. 90 He made hys doughters to lerne shaue and kembe. c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 1020 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 252 His barboure tald hym til, gyf he wald haf don þer wil, he had schorne his hals in twa, to schaf þat quhen he suld ga. 1689 London Gaz. No. 2483/4 He shaves and makes Periwigs. 1719 Free-thinker No. 95. 1 A poor Barber, who Shaves for Two-pence. b. intransitive for reflexive. To shave oneself. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify the hair [verb (intransitive)] > shave oneself shavea1715 a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 558 He was quickly dressed, but would lose no time in shaving. 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. iii. 73 I have seen the Doctor with a langer beard himsell, when he has not had leisure to shave. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xxvi. 315 Even Archbishops shave, or must be shaved, on a Sunday. 7. a. transitive. To strip (a person) clean of money or possessions (? obsolete); †to treat stingily (obsolete); to practise exaction or extortion upon; to fleece. Also absol. Now colloquial or slang. †More emphatically to shave to the quick (see also quick adj., n.¹, and adv.). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of) > completely bestrip1065 stripa1225 shavec1399 barec1440 strip1594 shrig1601 undress1641 drain1660 the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)] ransom?a1425 to poll and pill1528 exact1534 bloodsuck?1541 extort1561 rack1576 flay1584 shave1606 wire-draw1616 punisha1626 sponge1631 squeeze1639 screwa1643 to screw up1655 bleed1680 torture1687 to screw down1725 to shake down1872 to squeeze (someone) until the pips squeak1918 to bleed white1935 rent1956 the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > fleece milk?1531 shred1548 suck1558 shear1570 fleece1575 shave1606 unfleece1609 jib1728 skin1819 sweat1847 the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > be niggardly of [verb (transitive)] > treat in niggardly manner princhea1393 pinch1557 scantle1581 scant1607 shavea1610 niggarda1616 churl1696 nickel-and-dime1913 c1399 G. Chaucer Purse 19 Now purse..Oute of this tovne helpe me..Syn that ye wole nat bene my tresorere, for I am shave as nye as is a Frere. 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iv. sig. Miv He shall be pollyd and shauen by vs, tyll he shal not haue a halfepennye lefte. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cxliij The religious..were charged with greate sommes of money to the kyng, and now this sodain visitacion or predacion, cleane shaued them. 1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London vi. sig. F2 Then haue you Brokers y^t shaue poor men by most iewish interest. a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters (1636) 48 Hee measureth miserably to his servants; shaving, and pinching them to a grain. 1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man iv. 51 We should never travel without—a case of good razors... But no matter, I believe we shall be pretty well shaved in Scotland. 1830 D. Booth Analyt. Dict. Eng. Lang. 220 To Shave, in low language, is to strip a person of his property by unfair means. 1861 Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne III. iii. xi. 116 I bought this rig-out yesterday, second-hand. Two pounds for the lot: I think they shaved me. 1864 J. C. Hotten Slang Dict. (new ed.) 226 ‘To shave a customer’, to charge him more for an article than the marked price. Used in the drapery trade. When the master sees an opportunity of doing this, he strokes his chin, as a signal to his assistant. b. absol. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion [verb (intransitive)] extortion1502 poll1521 shave1528 extort1529 to shark on or upona1596 the mind > possession > loss > taking away > [verb (intransitive)] > fleece shave1528 1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. lxxv^v This..sheringe of the heare..is to them a remembraunce to shere and shave, to hepe benefice apon benfice [sic]. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 50 Thus then the civill Magistrat looking only upon the outward man... Sometimes he shaves by penalty, or mulct... Otherwhiles he seres,..and finally..cuts off. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew He shaves close, he gripes, squeezes, or extorts very severely. 1816 W. Scott Let. 29 May (1933) IV. 242 Economy is the order of the day, and I assure you they are shaving properly close. †8. To steal. slang. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] pick?c1300 takec1300 fetch1377 bribec1405 usurpc1412 rapc1415 to rap and rendc1415 embezzle1495 lifta1529 pilfer1532 suffurate1542 convey?1545 mill1567 prig1567 strike1567 lag1573 shave1585 knave1601 twitch1607 cly1610 asport1621 pinch1632 snapa1639 nap1665 panyar1681 to carry off1684 to pick up1687 thievea1695 to gipsy away1696 bone1699 make1699 win1699 magg1762 snatch1766 to make off with1768 snavel1795 feck1809 shake1811 nail1819 geach1821 pull1821 to run off1821 smug1825 nick1826 abduct1831 swag1846 nobble1855 reef1859 snig1862 find1865 to pull off1865 cop1879 jump1879 slock1888 swipe1889 snag1895 rip1904 snitch1904 pole1906 glom1907 boost1912 hot-stuff1914 score1914 clifty1918 to knock off1919 snoop1924 heist1930 hoist1931 rabbit1943 to rip off1967 to have off1974 1585 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. II. 303 Shave is to ffylche a clooke, a sword, a sylver sponne or such like, that is negligentlie looked unto. 1719 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth III. 105 The Maidens had shav'd his Breeches. 9. a. To cut off cleanly or closely. Also with off. †to shave out one's way: to get out by cutting down obstacles. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)] > cut off or away (with an instrument) thwitea900 telwec1440 mowc1450 top1509 summer top1548 whittle1552 white1567 shave1605 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > through or over obstacles > by cutting shearc1275 to shave out one's way1605 to cut one's waya1616 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 20 He..Shaues with keene Sythe, the glory and delight Of motly Medowes. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia x. 447 She..from his corps his head did shaue. 1665 in Roxburghe Ballads (1887) VI. 437 Brave Smith in the Mary did shave out his way As Reapers do Wheat, or as Mowers do Hay. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. vi. 193 The peak [of his cap] was shaved off close to his temple by a ball. 1836 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 1st Ser. xxii They are afeard to show their noses..lest they should be shaved off by our shots. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 164 The Fans, who are very slowly shaving the trees from the top of the hill. b. To cut off closely the growth of (ground, a lawn, etc.); also transferred of artillery fire. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)] > reap or mow a crop > reap or mow a field moweOE reapOE shave1764 1764 R. Dodsley Leasowes in W. Shenstone Wks. (1793) I. 48 Ground..that before is kept close shaven. 1788 in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1861) II. 98 Our lawn is shaved so close by the goats. a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas xlviii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 45 Like a meadow which no scythe has shaven. 1892 A. Bierce In Midst of Life 56 An artillery fire that will shave the ground the moment they break from cover. 10. a. To touch lightly in passing, to graze; hence, barely to escape touching. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > progressive motion > specific manner of progressive motion > move or cause to move progressively in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > move lightly over or along scum1513 shave1513 sweep1538 raze1555 grazea1616 frizzle1634 brush1647 brush1674 to brush (a thing) over1700 skim1796 skiff1807 scuff1818 skitter1885 swab1892 the world > action or operation > safety > escape > escape from [verb (transitive)] > narrowly > narrowly escape touching shave1777 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. i. 137 I am God Tibris..Quhilk..Bettis thir brayis, schawand the bankis doun [L. stringentem ripas]. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 634 Som times He [sc. Satan] scours the right hand coast,..Now shaves with level wing the Deep, then soares Up to the fiery concave. View more context for this quotation 1777 T. Swift Gamblers i. 213 There [i.e. at Tennis] Tomkyns shaves the Line; or flying sends The whizzing Globe. 1885 Field 7 Feb. 168/1 An attempt of Evelyn's which just shaved the bar. 1888 J. M. Barrie When Man's Single xi. 181 Three hansoms shaved him by an inch. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 128 As we turned one corner we hung nearly over the cliff, just shaved it. b. intransitive. to shave through: to get through only by grazing (that which has to be passed); figurative to scrape through, barely pass (an examination). ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > examination > examine [verb (intransitive)] > pass examination to get through1805 through1830 pass1843 to shave through1860 scratch1890 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement over, across, through, or past > [verb (intransitive)] > through > only just to shave through1860 1860 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang (ed. 2) (at cited word) At Cambridge, ‘just shaving through’, or ‘making a shave’, is just escaping a ‘pluck’ by coming out at the bottom of the list. 1882 E. A. Freeman in W. R. W. Stephens Life & Lett. E. A. Freeman (1895) II. 256 Another who had barely shaved through his matriculation. 1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 45 It would be too late for the straits. You can only shave through at half-tide. 11. transitive. U.S. slang. To discount (a promissory note) at an exorbitant rate of interest; also to shave paper. (Cf. shaver n. 2b.) ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (intransitive)] > use bills of exchange redraw1697 to fly a kite1808 shave1832 to draw pig on (also upon) pork1846 to fly a bill1861 1832 N. Webster Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) To shave a note, to purchase it at a great discount, a discount much beyond the legal rate of interest. (A low phrase.) 1834 C. A. Davis Lett. J. Downing, Major xv. 101 He says..he is makin a good livin in shavin drafts from ¹/ ₄ to 1¹/ ₂ per cent, which the U.S. Bank used to take and collect for nothin. 1834 ‘J. Downing’ Life A. Jackson 29 The Pontius Pilates who shave notes and receive niggurs in pawn. 1890 B. L. Gildersleeve Ess. & Stud. 225 He could not have made both ends meet by ‘shaving paper’ at thirty-six per cent. 12. a. To cut down in amount, to reduce. Originally and chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail wanea889 dockc1380 bridgec1384 abridgea1393 limita1398 syncopec1412 defalk1475 shortena1535 to cut short?1542 royn1573 retrench1587 curtail1589 retranch1589 lop1594 scantle1596 scant1599 scantelize1611 curtalize1622 defalce1651 detrench1655 barb1657 defalcatea1690 razee1815 detruncate1846 to cut down1857 shave1898 1898 Boston Herald 23 Jan. 14/3 There are indications that tariff sheets are being secretly shaved. 1941 B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? vii. 141 The studio was having one of its periodic drives to cut overheads—which seemed to mean shaving stenographers' wages first. 1961 P. G. Wodehouse Service with Smile xi. 203 In the hope of making him shave his price a bit? 1972 Times 16 Feb. 13/8 This coin enables traders to shave their prices and if it did not exist there would be a considerable rounding up. b. To deduct (a small amount) from or off (a quantity, time, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (transitive)] abatec1400 rebate1425 batec1440 minishc1483 diminish?1504 detract1509 detray1509 deduct1524 defalkc1540 defalcate1541 subtray1549 derogate1561 discount1561 deduce?1566 substract1592 to strike off1597 reduct1600 subtract1610 subduct1716 to knock off1811 dock1891 shave1961 minus1963 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) New procedures shave minutes from the unloading process. N.Y. Times. 1982 Times 26 Aug. 15/2 The Bank shaved another 1/8 of a percentage point off the rate at which it buys bills from the discount houses. Compounds shavecoat n. a man's casual garment resembling a housecoat. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > dress, robe, or gown > types of > for specific purpose > for wear at home > garment resembling shaver1926 shavecoat1964 1964 N.Y. Times Mag. 29 Nov. 73 Weldon makes something like a shavecoat. It's extra comfortable and convenient for shaving. 1970 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 27 Dec. 6 d The bridegroom wore a mustard colored shavecoat. But it was a very nice shavecoat. shavetail n. originally U.S. Military slang (a) an untrained pack animal, identified by a shaven tail; also attributive; (b) figurative a newly commissioned officer, spec. a second lieutenant; also gen., an inexperienced person; also attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > work animals > beast of burden widgeeOE beastc1300 jument1382 aver?a1513 sumpter1526 sumpture1567 beast of carriage1586 beast of burden1740 sumpter1821 pack animal1846 shavetail1846 baggage-animal1852 baggager1859 pack1866 packer1875 the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [noun] > inexperience > inexperienced person or people greenhead1576 unexperienced1622 green man1635 greenhorn1672 amateur1767 green1824 greeny1834 Hoosier1846 shavetail1846 Boy Scout1918 nig-nog1953 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer by rank > [noun] > lieutenant > sub-lieutenant sub-lieutenant1684 under-lieutenant1691 shavetail1846 one-pip1919 1846 New Orleans Delta 31 Aug. 366/2 [This mule] was followed by Shavetail Kicky, Esq., who, in a few pertinent remarks, expressed his ass-ent to the proceedings. 1891 J. G. Bourke On Border with Crook 153 Officers..are known as ‘bell-sharps’ and ‘shave-tails’..the former being the old captain..and the latter the youngster fresh from his studies. 1908 R. E. Beach Barrier 283 The first shave~tail desperado that meets him will spit in his eye. 1948 F. Blake Johnny Christmas i. 26 He had..six shavetail Indian ponies packed with articles he had brought down to sell. 1976 L. Deighton Twinkle, twinkle, Little Spy vii. 70 I was a shavetail, just out of pilot training. 1980 Blair & Ketchum's Country Jrnl. Oct. 43/1 That last practice started in the mines, where a ‘shavetail’ was a snaky mule, not to be trusted. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹c825n.²1604v.c725
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