shaken.¹

Brit.

/ʃeɪk/, U.S.

/ʃeɪk/

Forms: Also Middle English schak, Middle English schakke, 1700s–1800s shack.

Etymology: < shake v.

†I. Senses involving speed of action.

a. With prefixed adjective, as adverbial cognate object to shake verb, or other verbs of motion, a good (also great, etc.) shake: quickly, with headlong speed.

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the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swiftly [phrase]

on fastec1275

as greyhound (let out) of leasha1300

a good (also great, etc.) shake13..

in hastec1300

(wiþ) gret yre13..

in speeda1325

good speeda1400

on (also upon) the wing or one's wing1508

with post1569

on or upon the speed1632

on the run?1679

by the run1787

like a house on fire (also afire)1809

at the double-quick1834

with a run1834

fast and furious1851

at the double1860

at the rate of knots1892

for (or on) the (high) jump1905

like blue murder1914

13.. K. Alis. 232 Away he rod from heom god schak.

13.. Propr. Sanct. (Vernon MS.) in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen 81 84 And aftur þei schoken a ful gret schak.

?c1475 Hunt. Hare 96 Thei wente a nobull schakke.

†b. A charge (of men in battle), onrush. (Cf. shock n.³) Obsolete.

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society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [noun]

reseOE

forec1275

shakec1380

birr1382

frushc1400

impression1402

imprint1490

race1535

charge1569

élan1880

charging1887

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2663 So þat þe furste schak was ouercome of hure enymys.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 1759 The Bretons..Schokkes in with a schakke, and schontez no langere.

II. The action or an act of shaking.

a. An act of shaking a person or thing.

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the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > [noun] > shaking > a shake

shag1581

shake1581

wap?1635

1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades iv. 72 And as down leaped he, His gay and gorgeous armor rich so sounded in the shake.

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 2 The dogge..pinch'd him in the eye, with so terrible a shake, that the Lion..was constrained to forsake himselfe.

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 172 Sometimes it happens that by a Shake..the Mettal may spill.

1715 J. Addison Freeholder No. 1. ⁋5 Blossoms, that would fall away with every shake of wind.

1752 E. Moxon Eng. Housewifery (new ed.) 152 Give them a shake together before you lie in your eggs.

1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. Dec. 614/2 It seemed to have given a shake to memory, calling up notice after notice of all..he had experienced.

1843 E. A. Poe Purloined Let. in Gift 1845 48 We turned over every leaf in each volume, not contenting ourselves with a mere shake.

b. (Usually in full a shake of the hand.) An act of shaking hands or a person's hand, a handshake. (See shake v.)

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the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > greeting or salutation > gesture > handshake

handygriping1577

wring1605

handshaking1647

shruga1653

hand-griping1700

shake1712

shake-hands1800

handshake1802

handgrip1837

pump-handler1844

glad hand1895

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 269. ¶5 Our Salutations..consisting of many kind Shakes of the Hand.

1820 L. Hunt Indicator 12 July 315 The shake [was] as close, as long, and as rejoicing, as if the semi-unknown was a friend come home from the Desarts.

1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert vii. 75 Jim Sinclair gave her hand a very British shake.

c. shake of the head: see shake v. 6b.

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society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > other gestures > [noun] > head gestures

nod1541

nodding1550

headshake1603

shake of the head1713

1713 J. Hughes in J. Duncombe Lett. Several Eminent Persons Deceased (1772) I. 74 I may have called a man a knave by a shake of the head and a shrug of the shoulders.

1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic iii. i Puff. Why, by that shake of the head, he [Ld. Burleigh] gave you to understand that [etc.].

1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son l. 495 Captain Cuttle observed, with a shake of his head, that Jack Bunsby himself hadn't made it out.

1889 C. S. Parnell in R. B. O'Brien Life C. S. Parnell (1898) II. 228 Is there any one of them who..sitting in his place, by a shake of the head, or a nod, or a word, will venture to say that [etc.]?

d. An act of shaking oneself. Also figurative.

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the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > [noun] > shaking > a shake > of oneself

shake1712

1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke i, in Misc. Poems 356 Shock just had giv'n himself the rouzing Shake.

1726 W. Penn Tracts in Wks. I. 490 Having given my self a loose shake of the Calumnies of his first Section.

1830 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 28 596 That long shake [of a dog] that bedrizzled the sunshine.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. viii. 191 The speaker got up from a bench on which he had been lying unobserved, and gave himself a shake.

e. dialect. The shaking out of corn from the ear. Also in combination shake-time. Cf. shack n.¹

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the world > plants > by growth or development > [noun] > season of growth, flourishing, or fruiting

seasona1300

shake-time1668

fructescence1793

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > grain fallen from ear > shaking corn out of the ear

shake1794

1668 J. Worlidge Dict. Rusticum in Systema Agric. Shake-time, the season of the year that Mast and such Fruits, fall from Trees.

1794 Har'st Rig vi. 6 And ay they tell, That, ‘a green shear Is an ill shake’.

1899 Cumbld. Gloss. at Shear A green shear's as bad as a shak.

f. Paper-making.

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society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > paper-making > [noun] > specific processes

calendering1513

pulping1640

watermarking1851

couching1875

knotting1875

friction-glazing1878

shake1885

soda process1885

cook1894

sulphate process1894

reeling1906

fibrillation1929

conditioning1954

1885 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 225/1 He..then gives the mould the ‘shake’, a gentle shake both along and across the mould.

1890 A. Watt Art of Paper-making xii. 131 He gives the mould a gentle shake from his chest forward and back again, which is called the fore-right shake; this shake takes place across the wires... He next gives a shake from right to left, and back again.

g. dialect. A raffle.

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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > lottery or raffle > [noun]

lottery1567

rifling1569

raffle1734

lotto1787

draw1839

roulette1861

swindle1868

shake1877

shackle1881

1877 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire Shake, a raffle. ‘My mon won the picture in a shake.’

h. colloquial or slang. Used as the type of instantaneous action, esp. in the phrases in a shake, in a brace or couple of shakes. Also, in three (or two) shakes of a sheep's (or lamb's) tail, (in) half a shake.

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the world > time > relative time > immediacy > [adverb]

soonc825

ratheeOE

rathelyeOE

rekeneOE

rekenlyOE

thereright971

anonOE

forth ona1000

coflyc1000

ferlyc1000

radlyOE

swiftlyc1000

unyoreOE

yareOE

at the forme (also first) wordOE

nowOE

shortlya1050

rightOE

here-rightlOE

right anonlOE

anonc1175

forthrightc1175

forthwithalc1175

skeetc1175

swithc1175

with and withc1175

anon-rightc1225

anon-rights?c1225

belivec1225

lightly?c1225

quickly?c1225

tidelyc1225

fastlyc1275

hastilyc1275

i-radlichec1275

as soon asc1290

aright1297

bedenea1300

in little wevea1300

withoute(n dwella1300

alrightc1300

as fast (as)c1300

at firstc1300

in placec1300

in the placec1300

mididonec1300

outrightc1300

prestc1300

streck13..

titec1300

without delayc1300

that stounds1303

rada1325

readya1325

apacec1325

albedenec1330

as (also also) titec1330

as blivec1330

as line rightc1330

as straight as linec1330

in anec1330

in presentc1330

newlyc1330

suddenlyc1330

titelyc1330

yernec1330

as soon1340

prestly1340

streckly1340

swithly?1370

evenlya1375

redelya1375

redlya1375

rifelya1375

yeplya1375

at one blastc1380

fresha1382

ripelyc1384

presentc1385

presently1385

without arrestc1385

readilyc1390

in the twinkling of a looka1393

derflya1400

forwhya1400

skeetlya1400

straighta1400

swifta1400

maintenantc1400

out of handc1400

wightc1400

at a startc1405

immediately1420

incontinent1425

there and then1428

onenec1429

forwithc1430

downright?a1439

agatec1440

at a tricec1440

right forth1440

withouten wonec1440

whipc1460

forthwith1461

undelayed1470

incessantly1472

at a momentc1475

right nowc1475

synec1475

incontinently1484

promptly1490

in the nonce?a1500

uncontinent1506

on (upon, in) the instant1509

in short1513

at a clap1519

by and by1526

straightway1526

at a twitch1528

at the first chop1528

maintenantly1528

on a tricea1529

with a tricec1530

at once1531

belively1532

straightwaysa1533

short days1533

undelayedly1534

fro hand1535

indelayedly1535

straight forth1536

betimesc1540

livelyc1540

upononc1540

suddenly1544

at one (or a) dash?1550

at (the) first dash?1550

instantly1552

forth of hand1564

upon the nines1568

on the nail1569

at (also in, with) a thoughtc1572

indilately1572

summarily1578

at one (a) chop1581

amain1587

straightwise1588

extempore1593

presto1598

upon the place1600

directly1604

instant1604

just now1606

with a siserary1607

promiscuously1609

at (in) one (an) instant1611

on (also upon) the momenta1616

at (formerly also on or upon) sight1617

hand to fist1634

fastisha1650

nextly1657

to rights1663

straightaway1663

slap1672

at first bolt1676

point-blank1679

in point1680

offhand1686

instanter1688

sonica1688

flush1701

like a thought1720

in a crack1725

momentary1725

bumbye1727

clacka1734

plumba1734

right away1734

momentarily1739

momentaneously1753

in a snap1768

right off1771

straight an end1778

abruptedly1784

in a whistle1784

slap-bang1785

bang?1795

right off the reel1798

in a whiff1800

in a flash1801

like a shot1809

momently1812

in a brace or couple of shakes1816

in a gird1825

(all) in a rush1829

in (also at, on) short (also quick) order1830

straightly1830

toot sweetc1830

in two twos1838

rectly1843

quick-stick1844

short metre1848

right1849

at the drop of a (occasionally the) hat1854

off the hooks1860

quicksticks1860

straight off1873

bang off1886

away1887

in quick sticks (also in a quick stick)1890

ek dum1895

tout de suite1895

bung1899

one time1899

prompt1910

yesterday1911

in two ups1934

presto changeo1946

now-now1966

presto change1987

the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > [adverb] > instantaneously or with a short space of time

swiftlya1400

at one fling1556

at one (a) chop1581

per saltum1602

at one (fell, etc.) swoop1612

popa1625

instantaneously1644

in the catching up of a garter1697

in the drawing of a trigger1706

in a handclap1744

at a slap1753

momentaneously1753

in a whiff1800

in a brace or couple of shakes1816

bolt1839

at a single jeta1856

overnight1912

jiffy-quick1927

in two ups1934

1816 G. Muir Clydesdale Minstrelsy 98 In the shake of a hand I received my sight.

1841 J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk I. xvi. 283 I'll just..run whome wi' un, and be back agin in a brace of shakes.

1842 R. H. Barham Lay St. Aloys in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 247 He'll be up at the Church in a couple of shakes.

1858 S. A. Hammett Piney Woods Tavern xxiv. 260 Out come my mare, and in a couple of shakes of a sheep's tail we was a doin' our three minits jest as fine as silk.

1858 S. A. Hammett Piney Woods Tavern xxvi. 283 In hafe a shake Bingham broke through 'em.

1867 G. W. Harris Sut Lovingood 113 Pat tuck me at my word, an' wer outen site in the shake ove a lamb's tail.

1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iii. xiii. 106 Well, if I speak back, pikes will be going in two shakes.

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xli. 348 I says to myself spos'n he can't fix that leg just in three shakes of a sheep's tail, as the saying is? spos'n it takes him three or four days?

1902 E. Nesbit Five Children & It ii. 51 He'll be ready in a brace of shakes, he says.

1904 E. Nesbit Phoenix & Carpet vii. 145 Wait a shake, and I'll undo the side gate.

1934 N. Scanlan Tides of Youth 117 Half a shake—any more beer?

1936 W. Greene Death in Deep South ii. 93 If you boys will just hold your horses, I'll have a statement for you. Harmon's typing it now. It'll be ready in a shake.

1958 J. Wain Contenders xii. 265 In two shakes he's solved the problem. Or shaken it anyway.

1966 Guardian 29 July 8/7 Then they are off again... I nearly wrote ‘in two shakes of a lamb's tail’.

1973 E. Lemarchand Let or Hindrance xii. 140 I'll knock you up bacon and eggs in a brace of shakes.

i. a fair shake: a fair deal. Also, an even shake, a good shake, and opposed to, an unfair shake. U.S. slang.

ΚΠ

1830 Central Watchtower & Farmer's Jrnl. (Harrodsburg, Kentucky) 22 May 1/3 Says I, any way that will be a fair shake.

1845 W. T. Thompson Chron. Pineville 34 Give Bill Sweeny a fair shake, and he can whoop blue blazes out of ye.

1847 D. P. Thompson Locke Amsden 59 Now you know, father, that wasn't a fair shake .

1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail xxxi. 218 ‘That ain't a fair shake,’ cried the man excitedly.

1949 E. B. White Let. 20 Nov. (1976) 315 The New Yorker disagrees with practically everything Boyer believes in... Nevertheless, it has given Boyer a fair shake.

1969 L. G. Arthur in A. E. Wilkerson Rights of Children (1973) x. 124 What does the child receive in return:..just psychiatric screen, shiny tiled walls, and electronic listening. It doesn't seem an even shake!

1972 Time 17 Apr. 33/1 The Administration took office..expecting an unfair shake.

1976 M. Machlin Pipeline xix. 243 What about the natives? They're not getting such a good shake.

1980 in S. Terkel Amer. Dreams 341 I'd like to see an America where so much power was not in the hands of the few. Where everybody'd get a fair shake.

j. Originally Nautical. An act of shaking a sleeper to rouse him. Also figurative, a morning call.

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the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > [noun] > action, act, or state of waking or being wakened > specific waking or rousing > an act/instance of

cold pie1611

snuft1611

awakening1684

cold pig1870

shake1933

wake-up1975

1933 P. A. Eaddy Hull Down 49 If I'm asleep give me a shake at eight bells.

1945 ‘Tackline’ Holiday Sailor iv. 47 A shake. Another shake. I peer muzzily down at Gordon's upturned face. ‘Quarter to four, Smiler, if you want any tea.’ ‘Uh? Oh, righto—thanks. I'll be up.’

1979 D. Gurr Troika vii. 43 The knocking intruded slowly into consciousness. The room was dark, although my shake was for six-thirty.

k. A party, esp. a rent party. U.S. slang.

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society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun]

party1707

kick-upc1781

shiveau1798

shine1882

shivoo1889

kitchen tea1896

percolator1946

shake1946

society > leisure > social event > fund-raising events > [noun] > rent party

parlour social1883

house party1923

house rent party1925

rent party1925

stomp1926

boogie1929

shake1946

skiffle1946

1946 R. Blesh Shining Trumpets xiii. 303 The great South Side institution of ‘rent party’ (locally known as ‘skiffle’, ‘shake’, or ‘percolator’).

1956 S. Longstreet Real Jazz xvi. 126 Depression came... You could always wrassel up a piano and get together to listen and charge a few coins and have a skiffle. Or, as some said, a rent party, or a shake.

1977 Amer. Speech 1975 50 65 Shake.., party. ‘There's a shake at Jim's house.’

a. Irregular vibratory or tremulous movement, esp. as the result of impact or disturbance of equilibrium; irregular lateral movement (of something revolving or moving in a line). Nautical, a fluttering or shivering (of a sail).

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the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > [noun] > shaking

quakingeOE

quakea1350

shakingc1380

rogging1440

shaggingc1440

brangling1584

quagswagging1653

shake1665

quivering1801

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 12 The cause of fluidness..I conceive to be nothing else but a certain pulse or shake of heat.

1685 R. Boyle Ess. Effects of Motion iii. 18 The Shake is first communicated by the Cannon to the earth or floor on which they play.

1764 J. Ferguson Lect. Select Subj. 48 The bush must embrace the spindle quite close, to prevent any shake in the motion.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XV. 663/2 A square box made to slide along this wooden trunk without shake.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 529 The earth must be struck with a rammer, and if found to shake, must be bored, to ascertain whether the shake be local or general.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 320 Diagonal braces..to resist the shake from the action of the wheel upon the pinion.

1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 223 The sail will come in without a shake.

1883 Science 1 101/1 Care should be taken..that there is no ‘shake’ or lateral motion in the adjustments for focus.

1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 328/2 See that the cannon pinion does not confine the shake of the centre wheel.

b. The shock of an earthquake. Now U.S. and New Zealand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] > earthquake > shock

shake1622

shock1693

stroke1815

mainshock1862

1622 W. Burton Descr. Leicester Shire 270 The bell in the Townehall at Denbigh knowled with the violence of the shake [of an earthquake].

1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 224 In that and some following Days they had no less than 50 Shakes.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) Introd. 3 It has been destroyed by the shake of an earthquake.

1845 E. J. Wakefield Adventure in N.Z. II. xv. 368 The most severe earthquake occurred that I had yet felt... The natives..acknowledged that they had never experienced so bad a ru, or ‘shake’.

1907 Westm. Gaz. 13 Apr. 3/2 That earthquake at San Francisco—the ‘shake’, as the local papers lightheartedly called it within a fortnight.

1929 ‘E. Milton’ Love & Chiffon 219 In good old New Zealand, you'd realize these shakes are mere nothings.

1948 J. Courage in Landfall II. 298 The earthquake happened late..but the shake woke Mr Blakiston immediately.

1949 Los Angeles Times 14 May 1/4 Newspaper and police switch~boards were flooded immediately with requests for information on the shake.

a. A shivering or trembling of the body or limbs; also, a state of tremor. the shakes, nervous agitation caused by fear or horror.

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the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > [noun] > trembling or quivering > with cold, infirmity, or emotion > an act or fit of

tremor1616

shakea1625

shrug1713

shiver1727

shivering fit1816

shivering attack1899

the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > [noun] > shudder or shuddering > state of tremulous agitation

flighta1535

trepidation1625

twitter1653

trepidity1721

twitteration1775

the shakes1837

trepidancy1840

a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iv. 41 I must stand to it stoutly, And show no shake of feare.

1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Ernest Maltravers I. i. x. 98 She was pale and agitated, or, as she expressed it, ‘had a terrible fit of the shakes’.

1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables xvi. 258 Her nerves were in a shake.

1966 M. Woodhouse Tree Frog xii. 93 It was like getting the shakes on an exposed pitch of rock.

1976 B. Bova Multiple Man xiii. 135 The sliding glass doors..were locked... So I sat around and waited, trying not to get the shakes.

b. An attack of a shaking disease. the shakes, a name popularly applied to any disease characterized by a trembling of the muscles and limbs, esp. delirium tremens. dumb shakes, (U.S.) ? masked intermittent fever. hatters' shakes, a disease incident to some workers in hat-making.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > spasm or cramp > type of spasm > shaking or trembling

ague fit1528

ague1532

grooving1637

the tremblesa1803

shivering fit1816

trepidation1822

shake1838

trembling fit1856

fibrillation1882

intention tremor1887

rest tremor1890

shivering attack1899

flutter1910

1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 220/2 When ‘the shakes’ have taken possession of their unhappy victim [of mercury-poisoning].

1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 355 Even in the midst of a severe ‘shake’, they would generally insist that they were ‘well enough to dive’.

1867 H. Latham Black & White 109 The Dismal Swamp is a first-rate place for concealment, if you are not afraid of shakes and agues.

1871 G. H. Napheys Prevention & Cure Dis. iii. ii. 640 The ‘dumb shakes’ of the Wabash Valley.

1884 Cornhill Mag. June 616 An attack of delirium tremens, or, as she and her neighbours style it, a ‘fit of the shakes’.

1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Feb. 378 Muscular tremors (‘hatters' shakes’) are most often observed in those engaged in dusty post-carotting processes.

1927 New Republic 9 Mar. 72/1 The following is a partial list of words denoting drunkenness now in common use in the United States..to have the shakes.

1947 A. Marshall in Coast to Coast 1946 177 The longest bender I ever had was eight months. It took me three years to get over the shakes it gave me.

1977 New Yorker 3 Oct. 40/1 Have you ever had the D.T.s? The shakes?

c. A tremor (in the voice).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [noun] > tremulous quality

trilla1704

quaver1748

tremble1779

tremor1797

falter1834

shake1859

1859 C. J. Lever Davenport Dunn liv If I'd have detected one line in your face, or one shake in your voice, like treachery.

d. A shaking movement in a dance; the Shake, a dance characterized by such movements.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > shaking or jiving dances > [noun]

twist1894

shimmy1918

shimmying1919

shimmy shiver1919

heebie-jeebies1923

shimmy shake1925

shimmy-fox1926

shag1932

jitterbugging1938

jitterbug1939

jive1943

the Shake1946

swim1965

society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [noun] > movement > specific movements

gambol1509

gamond?a1513

frisco?1520

brawl1521

frisk1525

friscal1570

goat's jump1589

caper1592

capriole1596

capering1598

amble1607

friscado1634

rising1694

sink1706

moulinet1785

ballon1828

toeing1871

bump1931

heel turn1933

partnering1939

grind1946

shake1946

thigh lift1949

cambré1952

1946 M. Mezzrow & B. Wolfe Really Blues vi. 75 She [a dancer] went through her whole routine, bumps and grinds and shakes and breaks.

1956 ‘B. Holiday’ & W. Dufty Lady sings Blues iv. 51 The Cotton Club—a place Negroes never saw inside unless they played music or did the shakes or shimmies.

1962 Guardian 31 Dec. 5/1 The Madison threatens to become compulsory dancing; creeping up behind it come the Slop, the Shake, the Waddle,..the Bossa Nova.

1966 N.Y. Times Mag. 9 Jan. 106/2 There is the Watusi, basically a side-to-side stumble, the Shake, and the Jerk—whose movements come as no surprise to old fans of burlesque.

5. Music. (See quot. 1881.) †close shake, open shake (see quot. 1672³). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > ornament > [noun] > trill

quaver1533

trill1649

trillo1651

shake1659

trillado1721

Pralltriller1841

trillet1867

pincé1876

roll1880

tremblement1884

1659 C. Simpson Division-violist i. 9 Some also affect a kind of Shake or Tremble with the Bow, like the shaking Stop of an Organ.

1672 J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 6) i. 47 Trill, or plain shake.

1672 J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 6) i. 53 The Trill or Shake of the Voice, being the most usual Grace.

1672 J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 6) ii. 96 The close shake is when you stop with your first Finger on the first Fret, and shake with your second Finger as close to it as you can; the open shake is when you stop with your first Finger on the first Fret, and shake with your third Finger on the third Fret.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 29. ¶11 A Voice so full of Shakes and Quavers that I should have thought the Murmurs of a Country Brook the much more agreeable Musick.

1775 F. Burney Let. 13 Nov. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 176 She has a very pretty shake, & sings very chastly, not with vile graces & trills.

1825 R. Southey Tale of Paraguay iii. xl And sometimes high the note was raised, and long Produced, with shake and effort sensible.

1881 F. Taylor in Grove's Dict. Music III. 479 Shake or Trill..consists of the regular and rapid alternation of a given note with the note above,..continuing for the full duration of the written note... Immediately before the final note of a shake a new subsidiary note is introduced, one degree below the principal note. This and the concluding principal note together form what is called the turn of the shake.

a. A concussion or blow which impairs the stability of something; often figurative a damaging blow (e.g. to an institution, a state of things, a person's health); a shock (to the mind or nerves).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] > damaging

shake1565

blow1608

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > a severe blow > damaging stability

shake1565

staggerer1832

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > severe or sudden

shake1565

cut1568

dash1580

knock1649

shock1654

blow1678

stroke1686

black eye1712

1565 W. Allen Def. & Declar. Doctr. Purgatory ii. xvii. f. 283 One of these ouerthrowers frameth..his negatiue argument, to the more sure shake of oure faithe herein, after this sorte.

1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces ii. 94 The States-General..consisted of above Eight hundred persons, whose meeting..gave too great a shake to the whole Body of the Union.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Acts xxiv. 8–9 This is a great shake to the credit of most History.

1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub ix. 168 His Brain hath undergone an unlucky Shake.

a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 13 Being thought..a great shake to the security of men's lives and fortunes.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. i. §5. 18 The rude shakes which Science has given to many of their cherished convictions.

1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 44 He was the life of us before he had that shake, but it's only nerves.

b. to give (someone) a or the shake or the cold shake: to cold-shoulder, rebuff; evade, escape. U.S.

ΚΠ

1875 E. Eddy Let. 29 Oct. in J. F. Daly Life A. Daly (1917) xxv. 215 I desire to give the ‘Two Orphans’ a shake.

1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi iii. 54 None of them herded with Dick Allbright. They all give him the cold shake.

1930 D. Runyon in Collier's 1 Feb. 13/3 Although I give her..all my affection, she will probably give me the shake.

1970 N. Fleming Czech Point (1971) viii. 106 If these jokers want to tail us, they've damn well got to do it properly from behind. Overtake and give them the shake.

7. to be no great (some great, considerable, etc.) shakes: to be nothing (something, etc.) extraordinary in ability or importance. [Perhaps alluding to shaking of dice.]

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (intransitive)] > other

to take the right-hand file1616

first1635

to speak in capitals?1694

to take the (or a) lead1761

to play first (or second) fiddle1778

to play first violin1780

to be no great (some great, considerable, etc.) shakes1819

to pitch it strong1823

to come out strong1825

violin1895

repeat1923

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > be unimportant [verb (intransitive)] > be of little importance

to be no great (some great, considerable, etc.) shakes1819

1816 Ld. Broughton Recoll. Long Life (1865) II. 2 W. said that a piece of sculpture there was ‘nullae magnae quassationes’, and the others laughed heartily.]

1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress (ed. 3) 41 Though no great shakes at learned chat.

1820 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 8 89 Ten years ago, the young Whig was ‘non sordidus auctor’, considerable shakes; but now they are all asses.

1820 Ld. Byron Let. 28 Sept. (1977) VII. 182 I had my hands full—and my head too just then,—so it can be no great shakes—I mean the play.

1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches I. 473 No great shakes at metre.

1876 R. Browning Pacchiarotto & Other Poems 69 This article, no such great shakes, Fizzes like wild fire?

1894 Cornhill Mag. June 564 Bannock can't hit a haystack at fifty yards, and I'm no great shakes.

1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers x. 266 You think you're terrific great shakes, and that you live under the eternal insult of working in a factory.

1939 Sun (Baltimore) 8 Nov. 6/8 Women feel..that, no matter what poor shakes of wives they are, their husbands are blessed beyond their deserts in getting them.

1948 G. H. Johnston Death takes Small Bites vii. 159 He couldn't have been any great shakes as a driver because he didn't beat you by much.

1970 H. McLeave Question of Negligence xxiii. 191 I'm no great shakes at this modern dancing.

1976 Daily Mirror 18 Mar. 2/3 Sir Richard may not have been particularly great shakes. But he was never given much chance to show his paces.

8. In combination with adverb (substantive use of phrases: of shake v.: see also shakedown n., shake-out n.). shake-up: an act of shaking up or being shaken up, or the result of this; a thorough or drastic change or rearrangement; a disturbing or unsettling experience.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > sudden or complete change > [noun]

leapc1000

lope14..

revolution?a1439

reverse?1492

metamorphosis1548

transformation1581

earthquake1592

upside down1593

metamorphose1608

sea-changea1616

peritropea1656

transilience1657

transiliency1661

saltus1665

catastrophe1696

peristrophe1716

transiliency1769

upheaving1821

upset1822

saltation1844

shake1847

upheaval1850

cataclysm1861

shake-out1939

virage1989

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > [noun] > bringing into action > rousing to activity

stirring1530

rousing?a1563

stirring?c1580

shake-up1847

shaking1866

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > [noun] > shaking-up

shake-up1847

1847 J. S. Mill Lett. (1910) I. 131 To give that general shake-up to the torpid mind of the nation which the French Revolution gave to Continental Europe.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. ii. 258 Tom gave the prisoner a shake-up, took away his list, and stood him up on the floor.

1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xxxviii. 438 My nerves had hardly grown quiet after this affair when they got another shake-up,—one which utterly unmanned me for a moment.

1882 National Police Gaz. (U.S.) 18 Nov. 7/2 (heading) The Union Square Company has a matrimonial shake-up all around.

1899 R. H. Barbour Half-back vi. 59 There'll be a shake-up to-morrow... He's going to put Greer on the scrub to-morrow.

1903 Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 7/1 The Board has had a healthy ‘shake-up’.

1903 N.Y. Evening Post 16 Sept. Big Police Shake-up. Eight Captains Transferred by Greene.

1904 N.Y. Sun 7 Aug. 5 Looking wistfully across the street was a police captain who was in Commissioner McAdoo's recent shake-up. He had been transferred from a ‘fat’ to a ‘lean’ precinct.

1911 H. S. Harrison Queed xviii. 237 I see a kind of shake-up [in local politics] comin'.

1912 Contemp. Rev. Nov. 654 Indictments and bills in equity became the order of the day, and ‘probings’ and ‘shake-ups’ the common talk of business men.

1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xvi. 312 But, orl the same, Tubby boy, I reckons it's done us orl good ter 'ave a bit of a shake up like this 'ere [sc. a naval engagement].

1938 E. Bowen Death of Heart iii. i. 325 I can't see that this change has done you harm. Nor the shake-up either; you were getting too quiet.

1962 E. Snow Other Side of River (1963) xxii. 165 ‘Rectification’, self-criticism, retraining and restudy among party and nonparty cadres are followed by shake-ups which affect millions.

1967 D. Pinner Ritual viii. 85 You didn't half give me a shake-up.

1969 Listener 27 Mar. 410/2 I read that BBC radio is due for a programme shake-up.

1970 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird iii. 35 It was sporting of your father to ask me. I can imagine what a shake-up it must have been, without taking me on as well.

1980 Christian Sci. Monitor 4 Dec. (Midwestern ed.) 4/1 As a result of the latest shake-up, which occurred at the party meeting, the political balance has shifted away from the conservatives.

III. Something produced by shaking.

9. A natural cleft or fissure produced during growth or formation.

a. in timber.For cup, heart, star, wind shake: see those words.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > cleft or shake

lag1579

shake1651

heart shake1802

ring shake1868

gum-shake1887

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach

chinec888

bruche?a1300

crevice1382

scar1390

scorec1400

rimea1425

riftc1425

riving1440

creekc1480

brack1524

rive1527

bruise1530

crack1530

chink1545

chap1553

riff1577

chop1578

chinker1581

coane1584

fraction1587

cranice1603

slifter1607

fracture1641

shake1651

snap1891

1651 J. White Rich Cabinet 29 Get a streight piece of wood.., let it be free from knots, or shakes, then plain it.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Shakes,..the cracks or rents in a plank, occasioned by the sun or weather.

1851 Rural Cycl. IV. 178 Shake, a disease in trees, consisting of long splits up the stem.

1894 Times 31 Aug. 3/5 Yellow pine, without a single knot, shake, or other blemish in its whole surface.

b. in rock, mineral strata, etc. water shake, one in which a stream empties itself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > fissure or crack

clinta1400

shake1747

grike1781

sun crack1831

mud-crack1853

shrinkage crack1867

1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. L2 The Shaft was Sunk in a great and loose Shack of Chirts.

1771 E. Griffith Hist. Lady Barton I. 41 That same want of stability..like a shake in marble, runs thro' the whole block.

1802 J. Mawe Mineral. of Derbyshire iii. 38 In this limestone stratum are frequently found openings or caverns, which are commonly called shakes, or swallows.

1846 Mr. Blackland in J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 305 They..were as compact as when first moved by the plough, without even the appearance of a water shake or fissure.

1856 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 17 ii. 373 The more feeble springs that empty themselves..through some loose or porous soil, shakes in the rocks, or otherwise.

1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Shake, a thickening or ‘belly’ in a vein of lead ore..or the cavity sometimes found in such places.

10. plural.

a. A set of barrel staves = shook n. U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > strip of wood > for making casks or vessels > set of

shook1796

shakes1820

1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 207 (note) Empty casks are..taken to pieces, and the staves closely packed up in a cylindrical form, constituting what are called shakes or packs.

1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 122 Shakes, the staves of hogs~heads taken apart.

b. Pieces of split timber, a kind of shingles. Also singular when attributive and in other combinations (see sense Compounds 1 below). Chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > piece split off

shidec725

sprendle1465

split1617

shakes1772

1772 Tillinghast & Holroyd Let. 23 Nov. in Commerce of Rhode Island (1914) I. 420 We herewith send you all the Shakes we can yet get in.

1845 C. Mathews Writ. I. 164 in R. H. Thornton Amer. Gloss. (at cited word) A..house, shingled with what they call ‘shakes’ all over the West and Southwest.

1893 Advance (Chicago) 16 Mar. By and by..shakes can be split for a roof, and fastened on.

1939 I. Baird Waste Heritage xviii. 240 Weathered barns with the lichen growing on the shakes.

1964 L. Linton Of Days & Driftwood ix. 51 The first place of worship was a very small building of shakes.

1977 Telegraph (Brisbane) 20 Dec. 36/5 Shakes are hand split and have a rustic appearance.

1982 Times 26 Jan. 11/3 The design of these shakes was identical to that of the traditional oak shakes used in England for many centuries.

11. Printing. (See quot. 1888.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [noun] > blur or smudge

monk1683

mackle1706

slur1770

macule1841

shake1888

workup1948

hickey1961

1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 122 Shake, a slur on a printed sheet through some defect in the impression.

12. (See quot. 1909.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > milk drinks > [noun]

rice milk1620

whig1684

leban1695

saloop1728

sack-whey1736

celery whey1761

mustard whey1769

wine whey1769

Scotch chocolate1785

whey-whig1811

chocolate milk1819

horchata1859

tamarind-whey1883

milk shake1886

Horlick1891

lassi1894

Ovaltine1906

shake1909

malt1942

malted1945

1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Shake,..short for milk shake or egg shake, etc., beverages of milk, or milk and egg, flavored and shaken thoroughly. Colloq., U.S.

1948 D. Ballantyne Cunninghams i. xxix. 146 You sat..sucking raspberry shakes through straws.

1953 E. Taylor Sleeping Beauty ix. 161 Sundaes, shakes, parfaits, whips, melbas.

1966 B. H. Deal Fancy's Knell iii. 44 ‘I'll have a burger too,’ the redhaired boy said. ‘And a shake.’

1981 J. D. MacDonald Free Fall in Crimson x. 114 She sucked up the shake.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. (In sense 10b.)

shake cabin n.

ΚΠ

1885 L. W. Spring Kansas v. 64 Big Springs in the autumn of 1855 was a place of four or five shake-cabins and log-huts.

1967 M. Craven I heard Owl (1968) v. 36 Old Marta was there and the girl called Keetah, and the two small children.., come from the shake cabins to pick blueberries.

shake house n.

ΚΠ

1857 Lawrence (Kansas Territory) Republican 9 July 3 You are always welcome to his log or shake house.

shake roof n.

ΚΠ

1947 Michigan Hist. June 178 It was a small log cabin with a shake roof.

1978 J. Hyams Pool vi. 68 It had..a steep moss-covered shake roof that turned green in the rain.

shake shanty n.

ΚΠ

1879 Atlantic Monthly Aug. 154/1 Every one of the frail shake shanties is a centre of destruction.

shake-maker n.

ΚΠ

1901 J. Muir Our National Parks ix. 298 I found many shake-makers at work in it, access to these magnificent woods having been made easy by the old mill wagon road.

shake-sided adj.

ΚΠ

1970 J. Hansen Fadeout i. 8 The overhang of a shake-sided cabana.

C2.

shake-bog n. a bog which shakes or quakes when trodden upon.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > quaking bog

mizzyc1400

quawa1500

quick-mire1509

quavemire1530

quallmire1553

quamire1555

quagmire1566

quakemire1577

gog-mire1583

quag1589

quabmire1597

quadmire1610

bog-mire1624

bumby1632

quick1648

trembling bog1697

shake-bog1815

quake1896

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 600 That kind of bog called the shake-bog.

shake culture n. a culture n. 3 in which the organisms are distributed through the medium by a gentle shake.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > culture or medium

culture1880

blood culture1881

cultivation1881

culture medium1883

pure culture1883

agar1885

broth1885

subculture1885

tube-culture1886

bouillon1887

stab-culture1889

streak culture1892

blood agar1893

microculture1893

shake culture1894

streak plate1895

broth culture1897

slant1899

plating1900

stock culture1903

touch preparation1908

tissue culture1912

plaque1924

slope1925

agar-agar1929

isolate1931

MacConkey1938

auxanogram1949

lawn1951

monolayer1952

replica plate1952

1894 E. Klein in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Oct. 799/1 It does not form gas bubbles in gelatine shake cultures.

shake dancer n. slang (see quot. 1968).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > erotic dancing > [noun] > dancer

belly dancer1893

torso-tosser1927

bubble dancer1934

shake dancer1956

1956 ‘B. Holiday’ & W. Dufty Lady sings Blues x. 111 A shake dancer with her pimp.

1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman xi. 102 I was..assigned..to the women entertainers. They were known as ‘shake dancers’... The art consisted of shaking bare or almost bare breasts to music.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 2 Oct. 21/5 She becomes a shake-dancer and B-girl.

shake dance n. [as a back-formation]

ΚΠ

1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman xi. 102 Her daughter..did bare-breasted shake dances.

shake-hole n. (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > pot-hole or swallow-hole

water sink1553

swallow1610

swallow-hole1660

estuary1665

swallet1668

cockpit1683

sinkhole1772

sink1791

pot1797

water-swallow1811

shake-hole1823

pothole1826

fleet-hole1839

spout hole1849

katavothron1869

ponor1890

sump1951

1823 W. Buckland Reliq. Diluvianæ 6 (note) Open fissures, locally called shake-holes, or swallow-holes, from their swallowing up the streams that cross the limestone districts.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Shack-hole, a hollow in the ground, resembling a funnel, which receives the surface water.

shake music n. (see quot. 1942).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > [noun] > other general types

country music1585

water musicc1660

concert music1776

eye music1812

ballet music1813

night music1832

absolute music1856

Tafelmusik1880

Ars Antiqua1886

Ars Nova1886

early music1886

tone poetry1890

mood music1922

Gebrauchsmusik1930

shake music1935

modernistic1938

industrial1942

spasm music1943

musica reservata1944

protest music1949

night music1950

palm court music1958

title music1960

bottleneck guitar1961

rinky-tink1962

Schrammel-musik1967

sweet music1967

chutney1968

roots music1969

electronica1980

multiphonics1983

chutney soca1987

chiptune1992

1935 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 71/3 The savagery of their rhythm calls forth the terms ‘shake music’ and ‘jungle music’.

1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §579/1 Syncopated music; jazz... Shake music, a savage style similar to ‘jungle music’.

shake wave n. = S wave at S n.¹ 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] > earthquake > seismic wave

wave1761

earth wave1848

body wave1900

S wave1908

shear wave1936

shake wave1944

1929 H. Jeffreys Earth (ed. 2) vi. 86 The type (9) are called the longitudinal, irrotational, condensational, primary, or P waves; (10) and (11) the transverse, distortional, equivoluminal, secondary, or S waves. Prof. H. H. Turner has very appropriately called them the ‘push’ and the ‘shake’.]

1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xvii. 369 The S or ‘shake’ waves are distortional waves, in which each particle vibrates at right angles to the direction of propagation.

1969 Daily Tel. 2 Sept. 12 Seismic records obtained so far from the landing site show the absence of the so-called ‘shake-waves’.

shake willey n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > [noun] > separating or cleaning > separating or cleaning with machine > machine

picker1795

wool-mill1819

blowing-machine1835

willow1835

willy1835

twilly1858

blower1867

wilger1871

shake willey1875

wolf1875

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Shake-willy (Cotton-manufacture), a willy or willowing machine for cleaning cotton, preparatory to carding.

shake willow n. a machine used in the preparation of cotton and wool (see quot. 1884).

ΚΠ

1884 W. S. B. McLaren Spinning Woollen & Worsted 181 In order..to shake loose any matted pieces, the wool is usually passed through a shake willey or willow.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

shakev.

Brit.

/ʃeɪk/, U.S.

/ʃeɪk/

Forms: Past tense shook /ʃʊk/; past participle shaken /ˈʃeɪk(ə)n/. Forms: infinitive Old English sceacan, scacan, Middle English sceki, sceky, sake, scheken, schek(e, Middle English scake, ssake, schak(e, sshake, (Middle English schac, scha(a)k, s(c)haken, Middle English schakyn), Middle English–1500s schake, 1500s Scottish scha(i)k, 1700s–1800s Scottish and dialect shack, Middle English– shake. past tense Old English sceóc, scóc, Middle English scoc, scok(e, ssoc, ssok, Middle English schok, choke, Middle English schook, Middle English–1500s schoke, Scottish schuk(e, Middle English–1600s (1800s dialect) shoke, (Middle English shok, shuke), 1500s–1600s shooke, (1500s showke, Scottish schuik, 1500s, 1800s sheuk), 1800s dialect shu(c)k, northern shuik, Middle English– shook. β. Middle English shakid, Middle English shakyd, 1500s schaked, shakte, 1500s–1600s shakt, shak't, 1800s dialect shacked, sha(c)kt, shakked, Scottish and northern shaket, shakit, Middle English–1800s shaked, 1500s–1800s shak'd. γ. Middle English scæken (plural). past participle Old English sceacen, scacen, scæcen, Middle English schaken, ( yshaken), s(c)hakun, schake, Middle English–1500s shake, Middle English i-sake, Middle English–1500s Scottish schakyn, 1500s–1600s Scottish scha(i)kin, 1500s Scottish shaikne, shacken, shakken, Middle English– shaken. β. Middle English schacked, 1500s–1600s shak'd, shakt, 1500s shakte, 1600s shak't, 1800s dialect shacked, shakked, shak't, 1500s– shaked. γ. (1500s shooken), 1600s shooke, 1800s dialect shock, shooken, shookt, shu(c)k, -en, Scottish sheuken, shooken, 1600s– shook.

Etymology: Old English scacan strong verb (scóc, scacen) corresponds to Old Saxon skakan to depart (once only, in past tense skôk), modern Frisian dialects (Sylt) skaake, (Föhr) skaaki to push, displace, Low German schacken to shake, Old Norse skaka (skók, skekinn) to shake (Swedish skaka) < Germanic *skakan. (Not found in Gothic or in High German; the Old High German gloss ‘untschachondes, fluctivagi’ seems to prove the existence of a derivative verb *scachôn to wander.) Outside Germanic the only probable cognate is Sanskrit khaj to agitate, churn (khaja, khajā a churn).

†I. To journey, depart, and related uses.

1. intransitive. A poetical word for: To go, pass, move, journey; to flee, depart. Said of persons and things, and both in physical and non-physical senses. Also with away, forth, down. Obsolete.It is not clear that the notion of rapidity of movement, which may be found in some of the examples, is other than merely contextual.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]

nimeOE

becomec885

teec888

goeOE

i-goc900

lithec900

wendeOE

i-farec950

yongc950

to wend one's streetOE

fare971

i-wende971

shakeOE

winda1000

meteOE

wendOE

strikec1175

seekc1200

wevec1200

drawa1225

stira1225

glidea1275

kenc1275

movec1275

teemc1275

tightc1275

till1297

chevec1300

strake13..

travelc1300

choosec1320

to choose one's gatea1325

journeyc1330

reachc1330

repairc1330

wisec1330

cairc1340

covera1375

dressa1375

passa1375

tenda1375

puta1382

proceedc1392

doa1400

fanda1400

haunta1400

snya1400

take?a1400

thrilla1400

trace?a1400

trinea1400

fangc1400

to make (also have) resortc1425

to make one's repair (to)c1425

resort1429

ayrec1440

havea1450

speer?c1450

rokec1475

wina1500

hent1508

persevere?1521

pursuec1540

rechec1540

yede1563

bing1567

march1568

to go one's ways1581

groyl1582

yode1587

sally1590

track1590

way1596

frame1609

trickle1629

recur1654

wag1684

fadge1694

haul1802

hike1809

to get around1849

riddle1856

bat1867

biff1923

truck1925

the world > movement > progressive motion > move along [verb (intransitive)]

goeOE

lithec900

nimOE

fare971

shakeOE

strikea1000

gangOE

gengOE

seekc1000

glidea1275

wevec1300

hove1390

drevea1400

sway?a1400

wainc1540

discoursea1547

yede1563

trot1612

to get along1683

locomove1792

locomote1831

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]

wendeOE

i-wite971

ashakec975

shakeOE

to go awayOE

witea1000

afareOE

agoOE

atwendOE

awayOE

to wend awayOE

awendOE

gangOE

rimeOE

flitc1175

to fare forthc1200

depart?c1225

part?c1225

partc1230

to-partc1275

biwitec1300

atwitea1325

withdrawa1325

to draw awayc1330

passc1330

to turn one's (also the) backc1330

lenda1350

begonec1370

remuea1375

voidc1374

removec1380

to long awaya1382

twinc1386

to pass one's wayc1390

trussc1390

waive1390

to pass out ofa1398

avoida1400

to pass awaya1400

to turn awaya1400

slakec1400

wagc1400

returnc1405

to be gonea1425

muck1429

packc1450

recede1450

roomc1450

to show (a person) the feetc1450

to come offc1475

to take one's licence1475

issue1484

devoidc1485

rebatea1500

walka1500

to go adieua1522

pikea1529

to go one's ways1530

retire?1543

avaunt1549

to make out1558

trudge1562

vade?1570

fly1581

leave1593

wag1594

to get off1595

to go off1600

to put off1600

shog1600

troop1600

to forsake patch1602

exit1607

hence1614

to give offa1616

to take off1657

to move off1692

to cut (also slip) the painter1699

sheera1704

to go about one's business1749

mizzle1772

to move out1792

transit1797–1803

stump it1803

to run away1809

quit1811

to clear off1816

to clear out1816

nash1819

fuff1822

to make (take) tracks (for)1824

mosey1829

slope1830

to tail out1830

to walk one's chalks1835

to take away1838

shove1844

trot1847

fade1848

evacuate1849

shag1851

to get up and get1854

to pull out1855

to cut (the) cable(s)1859

to light out1859

to pick up1872

to sling one's Daniel or hook1873

to sling (also take) one's hook1874

smoke1893

screw1896

shoot1897

voetsak1897

to tootle off1902

to ship out1908

to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909

to push off1918

to bugger off1922

biff1923

to fuck off1929

to hit, split or take the breeze1931

to jack off1931

to piss offa1935

to do a mick1937

to take a walk1937

to head off1941

to take a hike1944

moulder1945

to chuff off1947

to get lost1947

to shoot through1947

skidoo1949

to sod off1950

peel1951

bug1952

split1954

poop1961

mugger1962

frig1965

society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)]

to come awayeOE

wendeOE

i-wite971

ashakec975

shakeOE

to go awayOE

witea1000

afareOE

agoOE

awayOE

dealc1000

goOE

awendOE

rimeOE

to go one's wayOE

flitc1175

depart?c1225

partc1230

to-partc1275

atwitea1325

withdrawa1325

to turn one's (also the) backc1330

lenda1350

begonec1370

remuea1375

removec1380

to long awaya1382

twinc1386

to pass one's wayc1390

trussc1390

to turn awaya1400

returnc1405

to be gonea1425

recede1450

roomc1450

to come offc1475

to take one's licence1475

issue1484

walka1500

to go adieua1522

pikea1529

avaunt1549

trudge1562

vade?1570

discoast1571

leave1593

wag1594

to go off1600

troop1600

hence1614

to set on one's foota1616

to pull up one's stumps1647

quit1811

to clear out1816

slope1830

to walk one's chalks1835

shove1844

to roll out1850

to pull out1855

to light out1859

to take a run-out powder1909

to push off (also along)1923

OE Andreas (1932) 1594 [Hi] gewiton mid þy wæge in forwyrd sceacan under eorþan grund.

OE Beowulf 1803 Ða com beorht scacan [scima sceadwa] ofer.

OE Beowulf 3118 Þonne stræla storm..scoc ofer scildweall.

a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 992 Ða sceoc he on niht fram þære fyrde him sylfum to mycclum bismore.

a1220 Bestiary 264 Ðe mire..suneð it and sakeð forð, so it same were.

a1220 Bestiary 660.

a1300 Childhood Jesus 1387 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1875) 46 Þo Josep was fram him i-schake.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7084 Out of his abite he hym schok.

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 217 Symoun did doun schake [to the king's side].

1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 323 With þam away þei schoke.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 928 Duke Rolant..saw hymen awayward schake.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21228 Quider-ward sum-euer he scok.

c1400 Siege Jerusalem (1932) 18/315 Clerkes & comens of contrees aboute, Wer schacked to þat cite.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiv. l. 282 And whanne Of his Swowneng tho he Awook, Anon there Into A Sadel he Schook.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1904) I. l. 2744 Grete diches we scholen here make, Wherthorwgh this water schal forth Schake.

?c1475 Hunt. Hare 66 To the town the husbond wentt, As fast as he myght schake.

15.. Wedding of Syr Gawene 741 in Syr Gawayne (Bannatyne Club) 298 Syr Gawen rose, and in his hand he toke His fayr lady, and to the dore he shoke.

II. To vibrate irregularly, tremble.

a. Of things having more or less freedom of movement: To move irregularly and quickly to and fro, up and down, or from side to side; to quiver, quake, vibrate, waver.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (intransitive)] > shake

quakeeOE

bivec888

shakec950

reseOE

aquetcha1000

divera1225

quavec1225

quetchc1275

squetchc1330

tremblec1374

waga1398

roga1400

shaga1400

quashc1400

shatter1533

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xi. 7 Huæt eada ge in uoestern gesea gerd from uinde sceæcende.

c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 605 The slakke skyn aboute his nekke shaketh.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 443/2 Schakyn or qwakyn.., tremo. Schakyn or waveryn, vacillo.

a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. C.vj^v, in Whole Wks. (1587) Her Maiestie came by a close Arbor,..and whiles Siluanus pointed to the same, the principall bush shaked.

1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 62 Her Wings..upon the Ingress of the air shoke very much.

1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 129 The full concerto swells upon your ear; All elbows shake.

1800 W. Wordsworth Pet-lamb in Lyrical Ballads (ed. 2) II. 139 His tail with pleasure shook.

1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) 70 The long light shakes across the lakes.

1863 H. W. Longfellow Musician's Tale ii. xiv, in Tales Wayside Inn 78 While the rifted Streamers o'er him shook and shifted.

1872 C. S. Calverley Fly Leaves 65 The mighty pine forests which shake In the wind.

b. Nautical. Of a sail: To shiver, vibrate, flutter.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > shake or flap (of sails)

shake1769

shiver1769

flog1839

slat1840

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Suppl. Shivering, the state of a sail when it shakes or flutters in the wind.

1846 Codrington in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1846) VII. 154 (note) She kept her starboard and lee studding-sails set and shaking.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To shake in the wind.

†c. Of a person or animal: To throw oneself or one's limbs about. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about > of persons or animals

wallowc900

welter?a1400

rollc1405

wamblec1420

rumble?1516

tolter1529

shake1538

worblea1599

flounder1735

tousle1852

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Succusso, to shake as a horse doth whan he trotteth.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Iacter,..to swing, tosse, tumble, or shake vp and downe.

a. Of things normally stable or still: To vibrate irregularly, tremble, either as a whole or in its parts, as the result of impact or disturbance of equilibrium. Hence, to totter, lose stability, become weakened.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > unsteady movement > move unsteadily [verb (intransitive)] > totter

shake1297

waive1338

wagc1340

falterc1386

waverc1440

branglea1522

totterc1522

wave1538

swerve1573

nod1582

tittera1618

cockle1634

labascate1727

teeter1904

oversway1994

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4241 Al þe hul mid þe vallinge ssoc.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19211 And in þat erth-din þar scok, þe haligast eft-sith þai tok.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ix. 217 The trompettes..sowned soo sore that the chambre where as he laye shoke of it.

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1508 The starry heuyn, me thought, shoke with the showte.

1534 J. Heywood Play of Loue sig. Biv And therwithall I fet a sygh such one As made the forme shake which we both sat on.

1605 1st Pt. Jeronimo sig. E Now Spaine sit firme, ile make thy towers shake.

1637 J. Milton Comus 27 The brute Earth would lend her nerves, and shake.

?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 197 He ended; and the kebars sheuk, Aboon the chorus roar.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xv. 299 The postern gate shakes,..it crashes—it is splintered by his blows.

1842 R. H. Barham Sir Rupert in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 41 From base to turret the castle shook.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 171 So..that a man far-off might well perceive..The hard earth shake.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Voyage ii We felt the good ship shake and reel.

b. figurative. Of a person: To lose firmness. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > be irresolute or vacillate [verb (intransitive)] > waver

flecchec1300

waverc1315

remue1340

shake1340

flitc1386

flow1434

falter1521

flitter1543

to waver as, like, with the wind1548

rove1549

float1598

jarga1614

give ground1662

weaken1876

unbend1877

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 116 Make oure herten ueste and stedeuest þet hi ne ssake uor none uondynge þet to hare comþ.

c. Of a band of persons: To become unsteady, to reel, give way.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defeat > be defeated [verb (intransitive)] > waver

fremishc1425

reela1470

shake1489

stagger1544

result1587

shog1644

waver1831

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 380 And in the stour sa hardyly He ruschyt, that all the semble schuk.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. vi. sig. E2^v The great bodie of them beginning to shake, and stagger.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 611 The pikes of the rebel battalions began to shake; the ranks broke.

a. Of a person, his body, limbs, etc.: To quake or tremble with physical infirmity or disease; to quiver with emotion; to shiver with cold, to quake with fear. to shake in one's shoes: to tremble with fear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (intransitive)] > tremble or quiver > with cold, infirmity, or emotion

quakeOE

shiverc1250

shakea1398

totterc1400

cowther1599

earn1611

frill1671

to shake out1843

a1100 Aldhelm Glosses in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) i. 4160 Exhorruit, ofscoc.]

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clxxxv. 1082 Þe dronkelewe mannes..hondes trembleþ and schakeþ.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3565 Quen þat sua bicums ald..þe heued biginnes for to scak.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxiv. 528 He shoke all for fere.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 161 He shoke all for angre.

1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades x. 183 He stoode so tremblingly, That one full wel might heare his teeth togither so to shake.

1615 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 31 And about midnight..my frend came home againe, shaking every joint of hym.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 629 Why shak'st thou so? Feare not (man).

1733 A. Pope Impertinent 16 I sweat, I fly, And shake all o'er, like a discover'd Spy.

1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 229 He shakes with cold.

1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 497 This is quite enough to make Corruption and all her tribe shake in their shoes.

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lviii. 524 Was that she? He began to shake at the mere possibility.

1873 Punch 15 Mar. 107/2 It had set the whole Liberal party ‘shaking in its shoes’.

1909 Mrs. H. Ward Daphne iv. 90 Her small frame shook with weeping.

b. To be convulsed with laughter. Cf. 11c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > types of laughter > laugh in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > laugh convulsively or immoderately

chuckle1598

to split (also break, burst, etc.) one's sides1598

to die with, or of laughing1609

to hold one's sides1609

to laugh till (also until) one cries1611

split1688

to burst one's sides1712

shake1729

to shake one's sides1736

to laugh oneself sick (also silly)1773

roll1819

to laugh one's head off1871

to break up1895

to fall about1918

pee1946

1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) i. 20 Whether thou chuse Cervantes' serious air, Or laugh and shake in Rab'lais easy Chair.

1749 S. Johnson Vanity Human Wishes 7 How wouldst thou shake at Britain's modish Tribe.

1905 F. Young Sands of Pleasure ii. ii If the whole of France is shaking with the antics of Venus, the whole heavens are shaking with laughter.

III. To cause to vibrate, agitate.

a. transitive. To brandish or flourish threateningly (a weapon or something used as a weapon); †to wield. Also, to flourish, wave (something) in ostentation or triumph.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > move in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > flourish or brandish

shakec1000

stirc1275

wagc1300

brandisha1340

flourishc1384

swinga1400

swinglec1450

ruffle?1562

sweak1567

vambrash1577

sway1590

swinge1605

to fetch about1609

wave1609

wheel1617

evibrate1654

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > use or wield (a weapon) [verb (transitive)] > brandish

shakec1000

wevec1325

brandisha1340

flourishc1384

toss1590

wave1609

c1000 MS. Bodl. 577 lf. 63 b Macheram stricto mucrone uibrabat, gloss sceoc.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13217 Heo scæken [c1300 Otho toke] on heore honden speren swiðe stronge.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 885 Schaftes þai gun schake.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxxi. 321 He shoke the swerd to the kynge.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 185 A picture of woode, that coulde shake a speare, and rolle the eyes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. v. 89 Go thou toward home, where I wil neuer come, Whilst I can shake my sword.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 492 And over them triumphant Death his Dart Shook, but delaid to strike.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 382. ⁋1 The Prince.. shaked a Cane at the Officer.

1813 W. Scott Rokeby i. 5 Conscience..calls her furies forth, to shake The sounding scourge and hissing snake.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xx. 4 ‘Take heed, Oliver! take heed!’ said the old man, shaking his right hand before him in a warning manner.

1862 W. Collins Basil iii. vi He has no marriage-certificate to shake over our heads, at any rate.

1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xlvii. 72 And the people passing by Stop to shake their fists and curse.

b. figurative. Chiefly in phrases. †to shake boast: to boast, swagger. to shake the feather: see feather n. 8b. more than you can shake a stick at (and vars.): more than one can count, a considerable amount or number (colloquial, originally and chiefly U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > boasting or boastfulness > boast [verb (intransitive)]

yelpc888

kebc1315

glorify1340

to make avauntc1340

boast1377

brag1377

to shake boastc1380

glorya1382

to make (one's) boastc1385

crackc1470

avaunt1471

glaster1513

voust1513

to make (one's or a) vauntc1515

jet?1521

vaunt?1521

crowa1529

rail1530

devauntc1540

brave1549

vaunt1611

thrasonize1619

vapour1629

ostentate1670

goster1673

flourish1674

rodomontade1681

taper1683

gasconade1717

stump1721

rift1794

mang1819

snigger1823

gab1825

cackle1847

to talk horse1855

skite1857

to blow (also U.S. toot) one's own horn1859

to shoot off one's mouth1864

spreadeagle1866

swank1874

bum1877

to sound off1918

woof1934

to shoot a line1941

to honk off1952

to mouth off1958

blow-

the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > impossible to number [phrase]

out of numberc1325

without numberc1325

out of all scotch and notch1589

more than you can shake a stick at1818

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3645 After hym folwede & schoke bost xxx^ti þowsant on an host.

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lix Thou shakest boste [L. jactas] ofte of hir foly in vayne.

1818 Lancaster (Pa.) Jrnl. 5 Aug. 3/1 We have in Lancaster as many Taverns as you can shake a stick at.

1826 J. C. Neal Peter Brush I've..got more black eyes..than you could shake a stick at.

1835 D. Crockett Col. Crockett's Tour Down East 87 This was a temperance house, and there was nothing to treat a friend to that was worth shaking a stick at.

1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase I. xii. 86 Our queen snake was..retiring, attended by more of her subjects than we even dared to shake a stick at.

1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. viii. 21 A reckless star Seemed shaking over him malific powers.

1904 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Eri iv. 56 There's more Snows in Nantucket than you can shake a stick at.

1928 S. Lewis Man who knew Coolidge ii. 131 There was more posters and banners..than you could shake a stick at.

1939 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Ingleside xxi. 137 I had more beaus than you could shake a stick at.

1960 ‘E. McBain’ Give Boys Great Big Hand (1962) iv. 32 We get more damn cancellations than you can shake a stick at.

1982 Folio Spring 4 More consuls and dictators hanging from her family tree than a prudent man would shake a bundle of twigs at.

a. To move to and fro irregularly or tremulously, agitate (some part of the body); (of an animal) to ‘wag’ (its tail) (? obsolete); (of a bird) to flap, flutter (its wings) esp. as preparing to fly. Also said of a thing personified. Also with down, wide.

ΚΠ

OE Phoenix 144 Þonne swiað he ond hlyst gefeð, heafde onbrygdeð, þrist, þonces gleaw, ond þriwa ascæceð feþre flyhthwate.]

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5018 Þan schogs hire þe son-tree & schoke hire schire leues.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jer. li. 38 Thei schulen schake lockis, as the whelpis of liouns.

1486 Bk. St. Albans c viij b She..drawith booth her wyngys ouer the myddys of her boeke..and softely shakyth them.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iv. sig. P7^v [Furor] Shakt his long locks..And bitt his tawny beard to shew his raging yre.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. xiv. 4 On Libanon at first his foote he set, And shooke his wings with roarie May-dewes wet.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 466 The Tawnie Lion..Rampant shakes his Brinded main.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1657 (1955) III. 200 Rattle-snakes..swiftly vibrating & shaking theire tailes.

1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 192 Dorsain shook his grey locks—‘That's as much as to say our dancing days are past!’ added Antoine, observing it.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. v. 105 Shaking down a profusion of sable ringlets.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Cyclops in Posthumous Poems (1824) 331 Shaking wide thy yellow hair.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iv. iv. 194 He steps proudly along,..and shakes his black chevelure, or lion's-mane.

1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond II. i. 18 His cruel Goddess had shaken her wings and fled.

1909 J. G. Frazer Psyche's Task iv. 38 The sun-scorched stocks of the fruitless Indian corn shook their rustling leaves in the wind.

b. to shake one's head: to turn the head slightly to one side and the other in sorrow or scorn, or to express disapproval, dissent or doubt.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > other gestures > [verb (intransitive)] > head gestures

to shake one's heada1300

nodc1390

to tip a nod1861

a1300 Cursor Mundi 24503 On him mi hefd i scock, and said, ‘Vngretli, leif sun, er þou graid!’

c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1069 ‘Par fai, dame’, he saide, ‘no!’ And schok his heved vpon the quen.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 2344 And pitously he wep & shok his hed.

c1400 Rom. Rose 3164 So cherlishly his heed he shook.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Ei And as he was thus saying he shaked his heade, & made a wrie mouth.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. ii. 25 Let's shake our heads, and say..We haue seene better dayes.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 120 The Learned Leaches in despair depart: And shake their Heads, desponding of their Art.

1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 10 The Captain shook his Head, and said, Carpenter! that is not the Reason.

1808 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 161 It is he who now nods yes, or shakes no, while the ministers are speaking.

a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. xi. 134 ‘No, I shan't!’ said Molly, shaking her head.

1897 M. Pemberton Queen of Jesters iv. 176 The Corsican shook his head, implying that he doubted.

c. to shake one's ears: lit. of an animal, hence figurative of a person likened to an animal, (a) to wake up, bestir oneself; (b) to show indifference or dislike, pleasure in freedom, mirth, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > bestir oneself

arisec825

to start upc1275

stirc1275

shifta1400

awakea1450

to put out one's fins?1461

wake1523

to shake one's ears1580

rouse1589

bestira1616

awaken1768

arouse1822

waken1825

to wake snakes1835

roust1841

to flax round1884

to get busy1896

to get one's arse in gear1948

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself [verb (intransitive)] > other physical manifestation

to shake one's ears1580

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 14^v Euphues..began to shake his eares, and was soone apparailed.

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie viii. 45 When Gods threatnings are vttered vnto vs a great many of vs do but shake our eares at them [Fr. beaucoup ne sont que secouër les aureilles].

1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. Fiiij [Hounds] Shaking their scratcht-eares, bleeding as they go.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. i. 26 Then take we downe his Load, and turne him off (Like to the empty Asse) to shake his eares, And graze in Commons.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. iii. 121.

1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iv. viii. 220 The Mountebanck shak'd his ears, (as if he drank base wine).

a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) II. 42 Thriftie villagers Have long since shak'd their Ears.

1747 H. Walpole Let. 8 June in Corr. (1974) XXXVII. 271 How merry my ghost will be, and shake its ears to hear itself quoted as a person of consummate prudence!

d. To wave (the hand) in farewell.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > hand gesture > [verb (transitive)] > wave (the hand)

shake1569

waft1604

wavea1616

1569 W. Hubbard Tragicall Hist. Ceyx & Alcione sig. Av She sawe him becking with his hand: And she likewise her hands did shake [Ovid: concussaque manu dantem sibi signa maritum prima videt, redditque notas].

1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 364 [She] first her Husband on the Poop espies Shaking his Hand..; She took the Sign; and shook her Hand again.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxix. 246 Amelia..acknowledged her presence..by kissing and shaking her fingers playfully in the direction of the vehicle.

e. to shake one's elbow: to gamble with dice.

ΚΠ

1623 J. Webster Deuils Law-case ii. i This comes of your..Shaking your elbow at the Taule-boord.

1705 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 26 Nov. (1885–6) I. 100 Money which..he squander'd away in shaking his Elbow.

1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 10. 47 A famous gamester..was elected Margaret-professor of divinity: so great, it seems, is the analogy between dusting of cushions, and shaking of elbows.

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 498 Many good and great men have shook the elbow.

f. to shake a foot, to shake a hoof (U.S.), to shake a leg (also, to hurry), to shake a toe, to shake one's bones, to shake feet, to shake heels, to shake a hough (Scottish), to shake shanks; also to shake it = to dance (Obsolete exc. U.S. Black English); also, to shake that thing. Also †transferred.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > [verb (intransitive)]

frikec1000

sail1297

dancec1300

sault1377

tripc1386

balea1400

hopc1405

foota1425

tracec1425

sallyc1440

to dance a fita1500

fling1528

to tread a measure, a dance1577

trip1578

traverse1584

move1594

to shake heels1595

to shake it1595

firk1596

tripudiate1623

pettitoe1651

step1698

jink1718

to stand up1753

bejig1821

to toe and heel (it)1828

morris1861

hoof1925

terp1945

the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > proceed rapidly [verb (intransitive)] > hasten or hurry

hiec1250

skelta1400

hasty?a1425

hasten1534

festinate1652

to look sharp1680

to make play1799

hurry-scurry1809

to tumble up1826

crowd1838

rush1859

hurry1871

to get a move on1888

hurry and scurry1889

to buck up1890

to get a hump on1892

to get a wiggle on1896

to shake a leg1904

to smack it about1914

flurry1917

to step on it (her)1923

to make it snappy1926

jildi1930

to get an iggri on1946

ert-

1661 Thrac. Wonder ii. C 4 Son, set down thy Hook, and shake it lustily.

1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest iv. 61 Now wou'd I lay greatness aside, and shake my heels, if I had but Musick.

1828 J. Ruddiman Tales & Sketches 62 When he shakes his bowed houghs to the sound o' Rab Murray's creaking catgut.

1830 J. B. Buckstone Wreck Ashore ii. i Dance with? with me, to be sure; though I hav'n't shaken a toe these twenty years.

1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xvii They hav'nt a lilt to shake their bones to.

1848 Buffalo Gals (song) 3 I ax'd her would she hab a dance... I taught dat I might get a chance, To shake a foot wid her.

1850 W. M. Thackeray Mr. Malony's Acc. Ball x, in Punch 19 53 And I'd like to hear the pipers blow, And shake a fut with Fanny there!

1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Ten Years' Tenant v It would be positively indecent for a man at a hundred to shake a leg as merrily as a man at thirty.

1882 W. Besant All Sorts of Men II. xviii. 61 I explain that the stage is ready for them, if they like to act;..or the dancing-room, should they wish to shake a leg.

1884 D. Grant Lays & Legends of North 99 Resolved to shak' their heels,..In jigs and Highland reels.

1904 N.Y. World Mag. 1 May 6/3 Shake a leg..meaning to ‘hurry up’.

1927 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 22 16 ‘Shake it’, ‘shake that thing’, etc. Such expressions are very frequent in the blues. Ostensibly they refer to dancing, but they are really Negro vulgar expressions relating to coitus.

1927 S. Lewis Elmer Gantry xxv. 333 Come on, Reverend. I bet you can shake a hoof as good as anybody! The wife says she's gotta dance with you!

1935 F. M. Davis Black Man's Verse 34 Strut it in Harlem, let Fifth Avenue shake it slow Plink plank plink a plink.

1952 P. G. Wodehouse Barmy in Wonderland viii. 82 ‘Clean this place up.’.. ‘Yes, sir.’ ‘And shake a leg.’

1967 M. C. Melnick in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 273/1 If you shake it, I'll buy you a diamond ring.

1595 tr. A. Banchieri Noblenesse of Asse sig. D3 Whereupon, he caused him with the rest, to be hanged by the neckes, and (as the common prouerbe is) sent them to shake their heeles against the winde.1611 G. Chapman May-day i. 10 Let her shake her heeles..I would make her shake her heeles too, afore I would shake mine thus.

g. reflexive. Of a person or animal: To give a shake to his or its body (e.g. in order to throw off wet, snow, dust, etc., or to remove the stiffness caused by repose); figurative to bestir oneself, arouse oneself to activity. Also with complement, to shake oneself free, to shake oneself loose, to shake oneself awake, to shake oneself sober, and with const. from.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (reflexive)] > shake

shake1390

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (reflexive)] > shake > shake clear of

shake1390

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 75 Into an Egle he gan transforme after that himself he schok.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxiv. 497 He [sc. Bayard] shaked hymselfe for to make falle the water from hym.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lii. A Shake the [1611 shake thy selfe] from the dust, arise & stonde vp, o Ierusalem .

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. v, in Wks. (1851) II. 55 The regent saw the danger of allowing the duke to shake himself loose, in this manner, from his engagements.

1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) i, in Writings I. 3 ‘What's the matter?’ asked the watchman..surlily shaking himself.

1859 F. W. Farrar Julian Home xvii. 222 A large and fierce mastiff also shook himself from sleep.

1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner iii. 45 Just shake yourself sober and listen, will you?

1888 G. T. Stokes Ireland & Celtic Church (ed. 2) 153 The Roman Church determined at last to shake itself free from this thraldom.

1899 B. M. Dix Hugh Gwyeth xvi. 261 ‘'Twill be sunrise soon’, Hugh said, and shook himself awake.

h. intransitive for reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (intransitive)] > shake > shake (oneself clear from)

shake1893

1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 255 They shake clear from one surrounding group merely to ally themselves with another.

a. transitive. To cause to move irregularly to and fro by external force; to make to flutter or quiver; to agitate. Nautical. To cause (a sail) to flutter in the wind. Also with adverb, as about, abroad.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake

reseeOE

swengea1000

shakeOE

stira1023

rogglea1398

bitaltc1400

rogc1400

shigc1440

warble1510

brangle1513

shatter1533

wap1570

goggle1576

esbrandill1588

concute1599

quakea1616

beshake1664

OE Exodus 176 Guðweard gumena grimhelm gespeon, cyning cinberge, (cumbol lixton), wiges on wenum, wælhlencan sceoc, het his hereciste healdan georne fæst fyrdgetrum.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 408 With many a tempest hadde his beerd been shake.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1762 Who so shoke a rynge, Ther no man is within, þe rynging to answere.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xv Whan they medowes be mowed..if the grasse be very thicke it wolde be shaken w^t handes or with a short picforke.

1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Matt. xi. 7 Went ye out to se a rede shaken with the wynde?

?c1570 Buggbears i. ii, in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Italian (1911) 94 Ther they shaked Iron chaynes.

1648 T. Hill Strength of Saints 5 It is clean water indeed, that when the glasse is shaked, there is no filth appeares.

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Demetrius in Plutarch Lives (Rtldg.) 615/2 Bocchoris..ordered the man to tell the gold that she demanded into a bason, and shake it about before her, that she might enjoy the sight of it.

1797 G. Colman My Night-gown 26 When taken, To be well shaken.

1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab i. 11 The Queen Shaking the beamy reins Bade them [sc. the coursers of the air] pursue their way.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed xi, in Tales Crusaders II. 219 Genvil slowly unrolled the pennon—then shook it abroad.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 95 The glass of Time,..Every moment, lightly shaken, ran itself in golden sands.

1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows ii. vii. 96 At which we shook the sword within the sheath, Like heroes.

c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 41 Keeping the ship close to the wind without shaking the sails.

slang.1788 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 2) To shake a cloth in the wind; to be hanged in chains.

b. With additional notion of a purpose of dislodging or discharging something adhering or contained.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > the body or part of body

shakec1386

shimmy1956

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > dislodge or remove by shaking > shake with purpose of

shakec1386

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking > shake with purpose of removing a thing

shake1530

c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 922 She gan the hous to dighte,..Preyynge the chambreres..To hasten hem, and faste swepe and shake.

1388 J. Wyclif 2 Esdras [ Neh. ] v. 13 Y schook [1382 shakide out] my bosum, and Y seide, So God schake awei [1382 shake out] ech man, that fillith not this word.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 700/1 Shake the table clothe or you laye it on agayne.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iii. 7 And ere our comming see thou shake the bags Of hoording Abbots.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 56 You may..shake for Food the long abandon'd Oak.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 499 Society, grown weary of the load, Shakes her encumber'd lap.

1847 Act 10 & 11 Victoria c. 89 §28 Every Person who beats or shakes any Carpet, Rug, or Mat.

a. To grasp or seize and move (a person) roughly to and fro; esp.

(a) as a punishment or in a struggle; also in to shake by the beard or to shake by the ears.to shake a fall (Wrestling): see fall n.² 2b(b).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > shake

shakec1330

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > shake person as punishment

shakec1330

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1823 [The wrestlers'] brestes to-gyder met;..Ilk oþer pulled, ilk oþer schok.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7509 And i..scok þam [sc. a bear and a lion] be þe berdes sua.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 126 And so they shoke and lugged eche other, but finably hercules cast theseus.

?1566 J. Phillip Commodye Pacient & Meeke Grissill sig. C.iv^v Jacke sauce I shake you by the eares.

1611 Bible (King James) Job xvi. 12 He hath also taken me by my necke, and shaken me to pieces.

1665 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 237 P. J...gript him and shakt him and tould him tythes should quickly be putt downe.

1795 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 805 Grim loon! he [sc. Death] gat me by the fecket, And sair me sheuk.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. vi. 97 Oliver..shook him in the violence of his rage till his teeth chattered in his head.

1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ii. vi. 390 Dr. May stepped towards her, almost as if he could have shaken her.

(b) for the purpose of arousing him. Also transferred of an inanimate agency: To rouse or startle (a person from sleep).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > wake or rouse [verb (transitive)] > other ways of rousing

braidc1400

shake1530

alarm1650

disentrance1663

to knock up1663

knock1706

row1789

cold-pig1834

hullabaloo1936

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > rouse by shaking

shogc1440

shake1530

rumble1597

to shake up1850

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 706/1 I shake one that is aslepe tho [sic] wake him, je sace.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 324 I heard a humming,..which did awake me: I shak'd you Sir, and cride.

1728 J. Thomson Spring 50 Sudden he starts, Shook from his tender Trance.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. i. 23 Though he shake thee something roughly by the shoulders to awake thee.

1872 J. G. Holland Marble Prophecy 84 Silence thy strong pulse repeating Wakes me—shakes me—from my rest.

b. Of an animal: To worry (its antagonist or prey).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (transitive)] > worry

shake1565

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Excutio A lamme shaken in pieces.

1589 L. Wright Hunting of Antichrist 11 John Wicklif an eger bloudhound..so hunted and shaked that venemous Dragon in his time, as the woundes he gave him, coulde neuer yet be cured.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Goussepiller, to shake, or tug, as a Dog doth a Cat, &c.

1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 272 A mad dog..met two men, both of whom he shook and bit.

1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. Shack, a word used in encouraging a curr-dog to worry a fox; ‘shack him!’ is the cry.

c. To rouse up (an animal) to activity; to ‘shake up’ a horse (see to shake up 3 at Phrasal verbs); also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [verb (transitive)] > rouse horse

shake1853

1853 G. J. Whyte-Melville Digby Grand xi This is the time to shake to the front, and cut down three of the best riders England can produce.

1904 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 346/2 A farmer buying a horse said, ‘Shack him over the stones, let's see if he's got a thistle in 'is toe.’

9. To clasp and move to and fro (another person's hand) as a customary salutation or an expression of friendly feeling.

a. to shake hands (said of two persons mutually saluting thus); also (of one person) to shake hands with (another):

(a) as a greeting, sign of friendship or goodwill, confirmation of a promise, bargain, etc.; (of combatants) as a sign of the absence of ill-feeling. Also figurative, spec. in to shake hands with an old friend, to shake hands with the wife's best friend (colloquial), of men: to urinate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > urinary system > urinate [verb (intransitive)] > man

to shake hands with an old friend1952

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. xii. 12 Whervpon they shoke hondes [Gk. λαβόντες δεξιάς], and so they departed to their tentes.

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Lij^v That they maye shake handes with me.

1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 29 But both [combatants] be contented and shake handes.

1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 52 And comming neer together, they [sc. wrestlers] shake hands, and embrace one another, with a cheerfull look.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 55 They shook Hands, and swore to one another that they would be reveng'd.

1826 H. N. Coleridge Six Months W. Indies 287 I would rather shake hands with a highwayman than with a gentleman who [etc.].

1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. v. 122 Let me see you shake hands, and let us have no more of this nonsense.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. xv. 135 ‘Sit down, sir,’ said Mr. Boffin, shaking hands with him.

1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert v. 48 Now we have shaken hands on the bargain.

figurative.1565 W. Allen Def. & Declar. Doctr. Purgatory Pref. f. 20 I feare me they haue indented with deathe, and shaked handes withe helle.1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 i. iv. 103 Till our Henry had shooke hands with death.1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 588 (note) Resolve, that the Orient shall sooner shake hands with the West.1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. II. lx. 367 Thus do..harvest and the..spring shake hands together.1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. x. 162 Here it was..that I first shook hands with sensuality.1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. i. iii. 33 Application and I, having once shaken hands, became very good acquaintance.1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 21 That famous son of Philip of Macedon, who with his conquering hosts caused the language of Socrates and Plato to shake hands with the sacred dialect [etc.].1952 M. Tripp Faith is Windsock iii. 44 ‘I'm going out for a crafty smoke; anyone coming?’ ‘Sure, I'll come... I want to shake hands with an old friend, anyway.’1965 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Sept. 812/2 Expressive Australianisms to describe this prosaic function;..pointing Percy at the porcelain, shaking hands with the wife's best friend, [etc.].

(b) as a farewell.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use formal courtesy in act or expression [verb (intransitive)] > bid farewell

to take leavelOE

to latch one's ease, one's leave1377

to take congee1377

fangc1400

adieua1500

to get one's leave?a1513

to take adieu (also farewell)1539

to shake hands1546

congeea1616

to give congeea1645

farewell1930

sayonara1949

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Eiv We shoke hands, and parted.

1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 132 I holde it meet without more circumstance at all, Wee shake hands and part.

1826 H. N. Coleridge Six Months W. Indies 74 Having shaken hands with kind Antonio..we mounted our horses.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxxix. 61 But thou and I have shaken hands, Till growing winters lay me low.

figurative.1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. xi. 186/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I It is the custome of the more idle sort, hauing once serued,..to shake hand with labour, for euer.1674 S. Vincent Young Gallant's Acad. 99 His word and his meaning are quadrate, and never shake hands and part.1742 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 386 I have long since shook hands with the world.1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxxii. 440 A lonely woman, who has shaken hands with every earthly hope.

b. to shake (a person's) hand, to shake (a person) by the hand = to shake hands with.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use courteous actions or expressions to [verb (transitive)] > greet or salute > shake hands with or a person's hand

strain1518

wringa1535

to shake (a person's) hand1540

pumphandle1851

duke1865

pump1912

handshake1920

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Lij^v That they maye..shake me by the fyste.

a1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) sig. Fj Let vs agree like friends, and shake eche other by the fist.

1567 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. iii. 231 With that he..shuik our handis twa.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. vi. 75 Let me shake thy hand, I neuer hated thee.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 329. ¶15 He shook him by the Hand at Parting.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. v. 39 He shook Silas earnestly by the hand.

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. xi. 357 The Dean gave me his first and second fingers to shake at our parting.

c. absol. to shake = to shake hands. Now chiefly U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use formal courtesy in act or expression [verb (intransitive)] > greet > shake hands

handshake1878

to shake1891

to press (the) flesh1918

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 186 Let each man render me his bloody hand. First Marcus Brutus will I shake with you. ]

1891 J. Newman Scamping Tricks vii. 59 Shake. That's right.

1903 F. Norris Deal in Wheat iv ‘Sold! Sold!’ shouted Hornung... Billy, shake on it.

1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson xv. 228 ‘Are you going to die to-day, or not?’ ‘As a matter of fact, I am, but—’ ‘Shake!’.. Oover wrung the Duke's hand.

1927 Punch 20 Apr. 444/3 ‘Long may it flourish!’ said Roger, shaking vigorously.

1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling vii. 61 ‘You got to promise..not to beat the very puddin' outen me after you've hunted him.’ ‘Shake.’ A hairy paw closed over Penny's hand.

1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 199 Tom..said, almost benignly, ‘Now shake!’ and they shook,..in the true spirit of eternal friendship.

1972 J. Gores Dead Skip viii. 55 He stood up, stuck out his hand... They shook.

10.

a. To put into a quaking, quivering, or vibrating motion (a thing normally firm or fixed); to cause (a structure) to totter; hence, to impair the stability of, to weaken; occasionally †to loosen (something rooted). to shake down: to cause to totter and fall.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > unsteady movement > cause to move unsteadily [verb (transitive)] > cause to totter

shakec1050

overswaya1586

totter1613

brandle1622

labefactate1645

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > cause to totter and fall

to shake downc1400

the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)]

shake1569

enervate1667

shock1726

weaken1827

c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 320 Þe þænne swyðlice þa heannyssa þæs roderes scecð mid his þodenum.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7259 Þe post þat al þat huse vpbare Wit bath his handes he it scok.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) v. 17 He tuke þe post in his armes and schoke doune all þe hous apon þam.

1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander iii. xi. 123 And with his great artillary [he] sore battered and shaked the Walles.

1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. lxxi. 146 With y^e other shot past, they had somwhat shaken their yron works.

1610 tr. Gaultier's Rodomontados E 2 A Bullet..fel into my mouth, shook two of my formost teeth, without iniury or offence vnto mee.

1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 64 The Regent..by secret mining, and violent Batteries so shooke the Walls, that they agreed to yeild it up.

1685 R. Boyle Ess. Effects of Motion iii. 17 The tremulous motion of the Air..has been able sensibly to shake..the glass-windows of houses.

1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xv. 119 Jove..Shakes all the Thrones of Heav'n.

1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. lxxx. 105 Age shakes Athena's tower, but spares gray Marathon.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxviii. 133 Not less the yet-lov'd sire would..shake The pillars of domestic peace.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ix. 63 A peal like that of thunder shook the air.

1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey I. 58 Parts of two monasteries had been shaken down by earthquakes.

b. figurative.

(a) with object a person (in faith, resolution, etc.) or his faith, purpose, testimony, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > be irresolute about [verb (transitive)] > cause to waver

waverc1425

flitc1480

shakec1480

staggera1625

soften1918

c1480 (a1400) St. Eugenia 159 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 128 He..fel in disputacion with ane erretike, þat richt wise wes in clergy at dewyse, þat sa wele schoke þe abbot, til [etc.].

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. v. 45 That no compunctious visitings of Nature Shake my fell purpose.

1625 J. Donne First Serm. King Charles 6 The righteous is bolde as a Lyon, not easily shaked.

1646 in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. ix. 18 The confidence her Majesty had formerly in mee was ever after much shaken.

a1729 J. Rogers 12 Serm. (1730) viii. 241 Our Religion, which no Arguments can shake.

1825 W. Scott Talisman x, in Tales Crusaders IV. 200 These attentions were intended to shake him in his religious profession.

1838 T. Mitchell in Aristophanes Clouds 798 (note) It may almost be thought impertinent to endeavour to shake their testimony.

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. v. xl. 88 Adam had not been shaken in his belief that Hetty was innocent.

1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 48 Let nothing shake your trust in her.

(b) with object (the health or strength of) a person, his body or mind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > make weak

fellOE

wastec1230

faintc1386

endull1395

resolvea1398

afaintc1400

defeat?c1400

dissolvec1400

weakc1400

craze1476

feeblish1477

debilite1483

overfeeble1495

plucka1529

to bring low1530

debilitate1541

acraze1549

decaya1554

infirma1555

weaken1569

effeeble1571

enervate1572

enfeeble1576

slay1578

to pull downa1586

prosternate1593

shake1594

to lay along1598

unsinew1598

languefy1607

enerve1613

pulla1616

dispirit1647

imbecilitate1647

unstring1700

to run down1733

sap1755

reduce1767

prostrate1780

shatter1785

undermine1812

imbecile1829

disinvigorate1844

devitalize1849

wreck1850

atrophy1865

crumple1892

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > drive mad [verb (transitive)]

turn1372

mada1425

overthrow?a1425

to go (also fall, run) mada1450

deferc1480

craze1503

to face (a person) out ofc1530

dement1545

distemper1581

shake1594

distract1600

to go (also run, set) a-madding (or on madding)1600

unwita1616

insaniate?1623

embedlama1628

dementate1628

crack1631

unreason1643

bemad1655

ecstasya1657

overset1695

madden1720

maddle1775

insanify1809

derange1825

bemoon1866

send (someone) up the wall1951

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iii. 17 It comes from olde Andronicus Shaken with sorrowes in vngratefull Rome.

1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours ii. ix. 109 The body is shaked, and weakened by the violence of diseases.

1783 A. Seward Lett. (1811) II. 75 Shook as his frame has been, his mind has lost, as yet, none of its energy.

1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor iii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 41 Her health also began to be shaken.

1846 Edinb. Rev. 84 176 If your nerves are apt to be shaken by the click of a knife in the dark passage of a hostelry.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxiv. 310 Too much shaken in mind and body to compose a letter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally > impair the stability of

shake1545

unpin1587

stagger1613

1545 Primer Kynges Maiestie (STC 16034) Sig. FF.iv^v We haue now suffered much punishment, beyng..shaken with so many fluddes.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xlviij It is onely the preaching of Gods word, that shaketh theyr [sc. the Papists'] power and dignitie.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. Pref. sig. ***ii Now God vouchsafe..to confute them which go about to shake downe his doctrine.

1625 J. Donne Serm. (1953) VI. 246 That great Storme, that shaked the State, and the Church.

1660 J. Dryden Astræa Redux 8 Her blowes not shook but riveted his Throne.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 457 A great part of the property of the Nation..was shaken by the prospect.

1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) II. 17 Such a conduct would have shook him on the throne.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. v. 132 Such reflections on government..as tend to..shake the solid foundations of civil society.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 224 An attempt was made to shake the dominion which he had established over Wessex.

a1878 B. Taylor Stud. German Lit. (1879) 145 The Thirty Years' War..hardly shook a single society out of existence.

1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. v. 14 With wrongs would they redub the wrongs they felt, Shake down the state, and furiously be freed.

11.

a. Of physical infirmity, emotion, etc.: To cause (a person, his frame, etc.) to quiver or tremble; to agitate, convulse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > make tremble > make tremble with cold, infirmity, or emotion

shakec1384

shiver1797

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 14 He say his wyues moder liggynge, and shakun with feueris.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 146 Bot if this Fievere a womman take, Sche schal be wel mor harde schake.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. i. 113 Hee is so shak'd of a burning quotidian Tertian, that it is most lamentable to behold.

1753 T. Gray Long Story in Six Poems 21 A sudden fit of ague shook him.

1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 287 Extreme emotion..seemed to shake his whole frame.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 95 And she turn'd—her bosom shaken with a sudden storm of sighs.

1895 P. Hemingway Out of Egypt i. xi. 112 The memory of his loss shook him with sobs.

b. To move or stir the feelings of; to disturb, upset. Also, to upset the composure or complacency of (someone) (colloquial).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > state of being shocked > be shocked at [verb (transitive)] > shock

startle1598

scandal1643

shock1656

scandalize1676

jar1789

rock1881

shake1943

traumatize1949

1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Dviij^v Who so was to much rauished..In flow of wealth, him chaunge of flow Yea to much shall yshake.

1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr vii. 217 Vpon a mistaking, that the euennesse of his Maiesties disposition might be shaked by this insinuation.

1715 N. Rowe Lady Jane Gray i. i The genius of our isle is shook with sorrow.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 108 Enjoyment..in the thoughts that shake mankind.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xv. 135 She will be shaken when she first hears the news.

1891 T. Hardy Tess II. xxxvi. 223 The unexpected quality of this confession..shook him indescribably.

1943 C. H. Ward-Jackson It's a Piece of Cake 54 ‘That'll shake him,’ as the transport officer said when he refused to provide a vehicle for the Group Captain without written authority.

1966 New Yorker 25 June 52 It shook me some when I looked at the label.

c. To cause (a person, his sides) to quiver with laughter or mirth. Also of a person, to shake one's sides, to be convulsed with laughter.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > cause laughter [verb (transitive)] > convulse with laughter

shake?1606

convulse1751

to break up1895

slay1927

kill1938

fracture1946

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > types of laughter > laugh in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > laugh convulsively or immoderately

chuckle1598

to split (also break, burst, etc.) one's sides1598

to die with, or of laughing1609

to hold one's sides1609

to laugh till (also until) one cries1611

split1688

to burst one's sides1712

shake1729

to shake one's sides1736

to laugh oneself sick (also silly)1773

roll1819

to laugh one's head off1871

to break up1895

to fall about1918

pee1946

?1606 M. Drayton Eglog vi, in Poemes sig. E7^v The man alone, that once with laughter shook'st the shepheardes boord.

1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ I. (at cited word) She shaked her sides with laughter.

1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 548 It shakes the sides of splenetic disdain.

1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) i. 23 A sight to shake The midriff of despair with laughter.

1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn xiv [To] shake his honest sides with many an old half-forgotten tale of fun.

d. Australian and New Zealand slang. to be shook on: have an infatuation for. Also, less strongly, to be keen on, to be impressed by, to admire, and const. after.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > be zealous for [verb (transitive)]

to run after ——c1422

zeal1542

to throw one's heart (also soul, energy, etc.) into1807

to go mad (about, for, over, etc.)1850

to be shook on1888

to be hepped on1926

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > admiration > admire [verb (transitive)]

wonder1535

admire1536

to be shook on1888

the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > be in love or infatuated with [verb (transitive)]

loveOE

paramoura1500

to love with1597

to be sweet on (upon)1740

to be cracked about or on1874

to be stuck on1878

mash1881

to be shook on1888

to go dingy on1904

to fall for ——1906

lurve1908

to have or get a crush on1913

to be soppy on1918

to have a pash for (or on)1922

to have a case on1928

to be queer for1941

1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms II. 46 He was awful shook on Mad; but she wouldn't look at him.

1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms II. 291 I must have a dance; blest if I don't!.. I'm regular shook on the polka.

1907 H. Lawson in Austral. Short Stories (1951) 84 The trouble is that I'm so long, and I always seem to get shook after little girls.

1926 K. S. Prichard Working Bullocks 301 Didn't know she was so shook on Mark Smith.

1934 L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 27 Jan. 15/7 Shook on, to be, to admire; to be keen on; e.g., ‘I'm not s.o. his horse.’

1940 F. Sargeson Man & Wife (1944) 22 Mother wasn't too shook on our doing it at first, but afterwards she didn't mind.

1947 D. M. Davin Gorse blooms Pale 78 I wasn't as shook on Phyllis as all that.

1965 M. Shadbolt Among Cinders xxii. 209 The bush. Still not too bloody shook on it, are you?

1975 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) 29 June 49 I'm not all that shook on cocktail parties myself.

12.

a. With adverb or phrase: To reduce by shaking (sense 7) to a specified condition. to shake down: to cause to settle or subside by shaking. to shake together: to shake so as to ensure intimate mixture or subsidence into smaller compass.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > shake together or up

to shake togetherc1384

to shake up1753

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > concentrate or condense > by shaking

to shake togetherc1384

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > by kneading, stirring, etc. > by shaking

to shake togetherc1384

to shake up1753

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > into a specific condition

shakec1384

to shake out1608

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > cause to sink, settle, or subside > by shaking

to shake down1611

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > cause to settle by shaking

to shake down1611

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke vi. 38 A good mesure, and wel fillid, and shakun to gidere.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Voiturer Throughly to digest, (or, as we say, to shake downe) his meat by..exercise.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 173 [They] dare not shake the snow from off their Cassockes, least they shake themselues to peeces.

1656 P. Heylyn Surv. Estate France 127 Some [of the dancers] there were so ragged, that a swift Galliard would almost have shaked them into nakedness.

1735 A. Pope Of Char. of Women 15 Heav'n..Shakes all together, and produces—You.

c1749 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 24 July (1966) II. 434 The Land so stony I was almost shook to pieces.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 792 Shake the mixture well together.

1883 Cent. Mag. 26 117/2 She was shaking her match out, as women do [after lighting the gas].

1898 G. B. Shaw You never can Tell in Plays II. 209 She shakes her dress into order..and goes to the window.

b. intransitive for reflexive.

(a) to shake down: to find temporary accommodation, esp. with reference to sleeping, to occupy a ‘shake-down’.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)]

liec1000

harbourc1200

sojournc1290

layc1300

sojourc1330

to make, take (up) one's lodging1362

pilgrimagea1382

bield?a1400

lodgec1400

tarryc1400

to make (one's) residence1433

harbingec1475

harbry1513

stay1554

roost?1555

embower1591

quarter1591

leaguer1596

allodge1601

tenta1616

visit1626

billet1628

to lie abroad1650

tabernacle1653

sojourney1657

canton1697

stop1797

to shake down1858

to hole up1875

perendinate1886

shack1935

cotch1950

1858–9 W. H. Russell My Diary in India (1860) I. iii. 40 An eligible apartment in which some five or six of us ‘shook down’ for the night.

1869 Punch 24 July 31/1 I have often professed myself able to shake down anywhere and rough it.

1888 H. R. Haggard Mr. Meeson's Will xi She was led off to the cabin occupied by the captain and his wife.., the captain shaking down where he could.

(b) to shake down into: to settle into, to accommodate oneself to (circumstances, a condition, position, etc.). to shake together: (of a company of persons) to mix, get on friendly terms with each other.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > accompany or be companions [verb (intransitive)]

accompany?1490

assist1553

to walk (also travel) in the way with1611

to go partners1716

to draw up1723

to shake together1861

to pal up (also around, out, etc.)1889

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > accustom (a person) > adapt to circumstances > become accustomed to

use1807

to shake down into1861

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. i. 16 I spent a day or two..before I got shaken down into my place here.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. xi. 189 The rest of the men had shaken together well, and seemed to enjoy themselves.

a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. x. 107 ‘We shall shake down into uniformity before long..’ said he [referring to his second marriage].

1889 Cornhill Mag. June 561 We have scarcely had time to shake down into the usual routine of a well-ordered household.

c. to shake down: intransitive and reflexive, to settle down, to accommodate oneself to circumstances, a condition, position, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > act habitually [verb (intransitive)] > become accustomed

inure1598

want1627

use1836

to shake down1864

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (reflexive)] > accustom oneself > become accustomed

acclimate1822

acclimatize1844

to shake down1959

1864 C. M. Yonge Trial II. x. 178 Mr. Cheviot, as the family shook down together, became less afraid of Ethel.

1875 A. Trollope Prime Minister (1876) I. vii. 109 You'll find they'll shake down after the usual amount of resistance and compliance.

1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin i. 4 You needn't look so scared. You'll soon shake down. Is this your first ship?

1959 Times 31 May 11/2 By the time a new American President has..shaken himself down in the White House, the West German federal elections..will be approaching.

1973 Times 26 Apr. 17/1 Agricultural prices..produced..several sharp clashes of interest. This is an integral part of the process of shaking down.

1980 R. Adams Girl in Swing (1981) xxii. 307 And how is the beautiful Karin? Is she shaking down nicely in England?

d. to shake on to: to take to, accept. U.S.

ΚΠ

1927 H. A. Vachell Dew of Sea 262 You Britishers..don't shake on to the goods as quick as we do.

13.

a. transitive. To dislodge or get rid of (something, a person's hold, etc.) by shaking one's body, limbs, clothes, etc. Const. from, off; also with adverb, away, aside, down. (For shake off see to shake off at Phrasal verbs.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking > one's body, limbs, or clothes

shake1340

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 20962 Bot of his hand..He schok and in þe fire it kest.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xxvii. 40 And tyme schal come whanne thou schalt shake awei..his ȝok fro thi nollis.

c1440 Alphabet of Tales 473 Sho..bear hym..vnto þe galous, & evyn vndernethe þe galows sho shuke hym down.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 262 Vile thing let loose; Or I will shake thee from mee, like a serpent.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 112 I haue shak't that Vermine from off my fingers ends.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 365 He was obliged..to shake the sand from his cloaths.

1791 W. Cowper Judgm. Poets 11 [She would] shake with fury, to the ground, The garland that she wore.

1848 G. P. R. James Beauchamp II. ix. 195 If the gentleman..seizes our hands, we can often shake him away.

1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) Prol. 7 She shook aside The hand that play'd the patron with her curls.

figurative.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 4 Vor to ssake a-way heuinesse an drede.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 291 Vnderstond, ȝe kyngis; and schaak of ȝou rudenesse.1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. (S.T.S.) 155 Iohne Kmnox..schuke louse all the actis of Paipis..maid be continual success of tyme.1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 40 And tis our first intent, To shake all cares and busines of our state. 1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Dec. 603/1 I never pass it without shaking some forty years from off my shoulders.1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 3 He could not wholly shake from his mind the influences of the age in which he lived.

b. to shake the dust from or off one's feet: lit. in the Gospel passages (see also to shake off at Phrasal verbs); hence allusively, to take one's departure from an uncongenial place.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > from an uncongenial place

to shake the dust from or off one's feet1382

society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > from an uncongenial place

to shake the dust from or off one's feet1382

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark vi. 11 Sceacas..þæt asca of..fotum iurum, excutite puluerem de pedibus uestris.

1382 J. Wyclif Mark vi. 11 Shake awey the powdre fro ȝoure feet.

1677 tr. J. de Luna Pursuit Hist. Lazarillo in D. Rowland tr. Lazarillo (new ed.) vii. sig. O7 I shaked upon them the dust off [1622–1669 of] my shooes.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. v. 239 I then paid off my lodgings, and ‘shaking the dust from my feet’, bid a long adieu to London.

1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey II. iv. vii. 234 At length, the pilgrim shook the dust off his feet at Heidelberg.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let vii. 181 Impressions of the United States, whose dust he had just shaken from off his feet—a country..so barbarous in every way.

c. Originally U.S. To get rid of, cast off (a person); to give up (a habit). Also, to give (a person) the slip; to jilt; occasionally to abandon (a place); to shake off (an illness, feeling, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]

to let awaya1000

forcast?c1225

to lay downc1275

forthrow1340

flita1375

removea1382

to cast away1382

understrewc1384

castc1390

to lay awaya1400

to lay asidec1440

slingc1440

warpiss1444

to lay from, offc1480

way-put1496

depose1526

to lay apart1526

to put off1526

to set apart1530

to turn up1541

abandonate?1561

devest1566

dispatch1569

decarta1572

discard1578

to make away1580

to fling away1587

to cast off1597

doff1599

cashier1603

to set by1603

moult1604

excuss1607

retorta1616

divest1639

deposit1646

disentail1667

dismiss1675

slough1845

shed1856

jettison1869

shake1872

offload1900

junk1911

dump1919

sluff1934

bin1940

to put down1944

shitcan1973

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > get or be rid of

refusea1387

to be rid of (also on)c1450

beskyfte1470

to be, get shut of, (dialect) shut on?a1500

to claw off1514

get1558

to put away1577

to get rid of1591

quit1606

to get off with1719

ding1753

shoot1805

to stay shet of1837

shuck1848

shunt1858

shake1872

to dust off1938

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away from [verb (transitive)] > leave behind (something stationary)

disadvance1596

distance1819

shake1872

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > give up a habit or practice [verb (transitive)]

leaveeOE

forsakec1175

waive1340

twinc1386

refuse1389

to set aside1426

relinquish1454

abuse1471

renouncec1480

disaccustom1483

to break from1530

to lay aside1530

disprofess1590

dropa1616

to set bya1674

decline1679

unpractise?1680

slough1845

shake1872

sluff1934

kick1936

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > send away or dismiss > unceremoniously

to send packingc1450

trussa1500

to go (send, etc.) away with a flea in one's ear1577

to set packing1577

pack1589

ship1594

to send away with a fly in one's ear1606

to give a packing penny to1609

to pack off1693

to cut (also slip) the painter1699

to send about one's business1728

trundle1794

to send to the right about (also rightabouts)1816

bundle1823

to give the bucket to1863

shake1872

to give (a person) the finger1874

to give (a person) the pushc1886

to give (someone or something) the chuck1888

to give (someone) the gate1918

to get the (big) bird1924

to tie a can to (or on)1926

to give (a person) (his or her) running shoes1938

to give (someone) the Lonsdale1958

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xlvii. 336 He never shook his mother... No indeedy... He looked after her and took care of her.

1873 B. Harte Episode of Fiddletown 24 But she should shake you, Kernel, thet she should just shake you—is what gits me.

1874 I'll Never Get Drunk Any More (song) Chorus: The pledge I will take, the whisky I'll shake, Oh I'll never get drunk any more.

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xxxi. 273 That little rascal has stole our raft and shook us, and run off.

1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 96 We've shaken the Clubs and the Messes To go and find out and be damned.

1896 Harper's Mag. Apr. 779/1 Then Ruth shook me.

1903 Smart Set 9 13/2 You'll have to shake the drink; that goes without saying.

1907 R. W. Service Songs of Sourdough 13 I was all caked in on a dance-hall jade, but she shook me in the end.

1934 in J. A. & A. Lomax Amer. Ballads & Folk Songs xx. 459 She shook me for the driver.

1935 M. de la Roche Young Renny iv. 28 ‘He was paying us a visit and the time went on and—he just came with us.’ ‘You mean you couldn't shake him?’

1949 R. Chandler Let. 21 Mar. in Sel. Lett. (1981) 157 I'm going down to Palm Springs for a week to try to shake this cough.

1953 ‘S. Ransome’ Drag Dark (1954) xiii. 131 We deliberately shook you that night, then tailed you back here.

1957 J. Kerouac On the Road i. v. 34 ‘I have a date with my boy friend.’ ‘Can't you shake him?’

1965 V. Canning Whip Hand v. 51 If anyone was following you must have shaken them.

1972 ‘T. Coe’ Don't lie to Me (1974) vii. 75 The picture of the murderer stayed in my head... Trying to shake it, trying to shake the mood it was giving me, I searched for other things to think about.

1974 ‘J. Ross’ Burning of Billy Toober x. 97 If you don't shake it [sc. heroin], it'll kill you in the end.

1977 Rolling Stone 16 June 34/4 Blauer had admitted himself to a New York state hospital hoping to shake a debilitating depression.

1979 ‘S. Woods’ This Fatal Writ 129 If you know you're being followed, it isn't too difficult to shake a tail.

14. To dislodge or eject by shaking the receptacle or support:

a. const. from, etc., or with adverb down, off, etc. (For shake out see to shake out at Phrasal verbs.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking > a support or receptacle

shake?1508

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > dislodge or remove by shaking

to shake out?c1225

shake?1508

?1508 Balade in Sir Eglamour (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cviii^v The levys are doun schakyn with y^e schouris.

a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 198 Than Elynour taketh The mashe bolle, and shaketh The hennes donge away.

1545 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 187 He..lyked theym nott whervpon he showke theym forthe of hys bagg.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 181 Hence rotten thing, or I shall shake thy bones Out of thy Garments.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. vi. 104 As Hercules did shake downe Mellow Fruite.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. viii. 142 The first Jolt had like to have shaken me out of my Hammock.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 31 Shake this earth away from the roots.

1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) at Shack I'll goä shack sum cherries doon.

†b. simply. To cast down, scatter (fruit, blossom, corn, etc.) by shaking; = to shake down at sense 12a above. Also, to turn out (a fox) from a bag (cf. to shake out 1 at Phrasal verbs).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > cause (seed or leaves) to fall > by shaking

shake1557

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting specific animals > [verb (transitive)] > hunt fox > turn out of bag

shake1812

to shake out1856

a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye ii. xxxxviii, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 535 The weakest wynde, can shake theire bravest bloomes.

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Tii The wallnut tree wel bet when his nuts are shaken, beareth more fruit the yeare ensuing.

1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) iii. sig. F4^v A sweet young blossome shak'd before the time.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 240 Macbeth Is ripe for shaking .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. ii. 145 It..Confounds thy fame, as whirlewinds shake faire budds.

1812 Sporting Mag. 39 185 On Thursday the 2d instant, a fox was shook near Mr. Markey's.

proverbial phrase.1557 R. Edgeworth Serm. very Fruitfull ccxxx. C 1 All this wynde shoke no corne, all this moued him not.1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B All this wind shakes none of my Corne, quoth Perceuall.1629 J. Taylor Wit & Mirth in Wks. (1630) ii. 200/2 Wel quoth Sara, all this winde shakes no corne.

c. intransitive. Of fruit, blossom, corn: To fall, scatter. Now dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > fall or be shed (of leaves, blossom, etc.)

shake1725

the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > grow, move, or curve [verb (intransitive)] > fall off or drop

shed1557

shatter1577

shale1578

decide1657

shake1725

shell1828

1725 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia iii. 130 Being again timely ripe, it mixes and shakes before any other Grain.

1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 350 To Shack (that is, to shake), to shed, as corn at harvest.

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 155 These [kinds of oats] are apt to shed the grain or shake, if allowed to be fully ripe before they are cut down.

1813 T. Busby in tr. Lucretius Nature of Things II. iv. Comm. 6 The fine seeds of southernwood..slightly shook.

1904 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 347/1 This corn shacks out wi' t' wind.

15.

a. To distribute with a shake, to scatter, sprinkle. Also with forth, down.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter broadcast > by shaking

shakec1400

c1400 Destr. Troy 2206 I graunt thee þe gouernaunse of þis gret mode, And shake it on þi shulders.

1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 184 The perly droppis schake in silvir schouris.

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 595 Wheron stode a lybbard,..And with his forme foote he shoke forthe this wrytyng.

1620 Hist. Frier Rush sig. E1^v With his forke he shaked the straw abroad.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 711 Satan..like a Comet burn'd, That..from his horrid hair Shakes Pestilence and Warr.

1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 16 The Winter keen Shook forth his Waste of Snows.

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 25 Shake a little Flour over it.

1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 268 ‘Shake down plenty of straw in the great barn,’ said the Laird.

1857 T. Moore Handbk. Brit. Ferns (ed. 3) 11 When shaken over a sheet of paper they [the spores] are scarcely visible to the naked eye.

b. To cast (dice) usually with a preliminary shake; hence to gamble away (an estate); also with personal object, to ‘throw’ against (a person) for whatever is staked.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > play at dice [verb (transitive)] > shake

shake1570

1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome iv. f. 47^v Dice are shakte.

1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 25 To shake away an Estate to known Rooks that live by the Dice.

1875 S. Wood & H. Lapham Waiting for Mail 79 I'll shake you for drinks.

16.

Thesaurus »

†a. to shake (a person) out of (property): to rob, plunder. Obsolete.

b. slang. To steal (goods); to rob (a person). Now Australian.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)]

pick?c1300

takec1300

fetch1377

bribec1405

usurpc1412

rapc1415

to rap and rendc1415

embezzle1495

lifta1529

pilfer1532

suffurate1542

convey?1545

mill1567

prig1567

strike1567

lag1573

shave1585

knave1601

twitch1607

cly1610

asport1621

pinch1632

snapa1639

nap1665

panyar1681

to carry off1684

to pick up1687

thievea1695

to gipsy away1696

bone1699

make1699

win1699

magg1762

snatch1766

to make off with1768

snavel1795

feck1809

shake1811

nail1819

geach1821

pull1821

to run off1821

smug1825

nick1826

abduct1831

swag1846

nobble1855

reef1859

snig1862

find1865

to pull off1865

cop1879

jump1879

slock1888

swipe1889

snag1895

rip1904

snitch1904

pole1906

glom1907

boost1912

hot-stuff1914

score1914

clifty1918

to knock off1919

snoop1924

heist1930

hoist1931

rabbit1943

to rip off1967

to have off1974

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] > steal from

picka1350

lifta1529

filch1567

purloinc1571

prowl1603

touch1631

pinch1632

to pick up1687

to speak with ——1725

knock1767

shab1787

jump1789

to speak to ——1800

shake1811

spice1819

sting1819

tap1879

to knock over1928

c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 4514 He þat schakith Men out of hire good.

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Addicion Excutere aliquem, to robbe one, to shake oone out of his clothes.

1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Eiiii^v When these [walking morts] get ought..as money or apparell, they are quickly shaken out of all by the vpright men.

1811 Lexicon Balatronicum Shake, to draw any thing from the pocket. He shook the swell of his fogle; he robbed the gentleman of his silk handkerchief.

1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 204 Shake, to steal or rob; as I shook a chest of slop, I stole a chest of tea; I've been shook of my skin, I have been robbed of my purse.

1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn II. xix. 22 I shook a nag, and got bowled out and lagged.

1903 W. Craig Adv. Austral. Goldfields 191 The man..wondered if ‘he’ was worth ‘shaking’.

c. to shake down, to extort money from, to blackmail or otherwise pressurize (a person) for (occasionally of) money, etc. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)]

ransom?a1425

to poll and pill1528

exact1534

bloodsuck?1541

extort1561

rack1576

flay1584

shave1606

wire-draw1616

punisha1626

sponge1631

squeeze1639

screwa1643

to screw up1655

bleed1680

torture1687

to screw down1725

to shake down1872

to squeeze (someone) until the pips squeak1918

to bleed white1935

rent1956

1872 G. P. Burnham Mem. U.S. Secret Service p. viii Shake, out to ‘shake down’; to extort money from individuals.

1916 J. London Let. 12 Oct. (1966) 473 ‘Uncle Charley’..then proceeded to shake you down in proper money-lender..fashion.

1927 ‘J. Barbican’ Confessions Rum-runner xiv. 148 For only last week they were shook down for five hundred by a stray fellow from the Department.

1949 Los Angeles Times 5 May 1/3 Ferguson..accused them of trying to ‘shakedown’ Mickey Cohen of $5000.

1956 H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy vii. 54 ‘You weren't by any chance trying to shake him down?’..‘No, sir. Not a penny.’

1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 ii. 28 He left after shaking her down for four bits for carrying the bags.

1976 ‘J. Ross’ I know what it's like to Die xxii. 144 Sickert had been shaken down for protection money.

d. to shake down, (esp. of police, etc.) to search (a person or place). slang (originally and chiefly U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, examine [verb (transitive)]

underseekc897

speerc900

lookeOE

askOE

seeOE

teem witnessc1200

seeka1300

fand13..

inquirec1300

undergoc1315

visit1338

pursuea1382

searcha1382

examinec1384

assay1387

ensearchc1400

vesteyea1425

to have in waitc1440

perpend1447

to bring witnessc1475

vey1512

investigate?1520

recounta1530

to call into (also in) question1534

finger1546

rip1549

sight1556

vestigatea1561

to look into ——1561

require1563

descry?1567

sound1579

question1590

resolve1593

surview1601

undersearch1609

sift1611

disquire1621

indagate1623

inspect1623

pierce1640

shrive1647

in-looka1649

probe1649

incern1656

quaeritate1657

inquisite1674

reconnoitre1740

explore1774

to bring to book1786

look-see1867

scrutate1882

to shake down1915

sleuth1939

screen1942

1915 N.Y. World 9 May (Suppl.) 14/1 Frisk, to shake down or search.

1955 D. W. Maurer in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. No. 24. 46 They..shook down my hotel.

1968 Listener 15 Feb. 210/1 Inmate guards have been in complete control of the prison. They..shook down incoming prisoners to take radios and watches and so on.

1977 D. Bagley Enemy xvii. 141 Once Mayberry had been shaken down the guards were taken from Penny and Gillian.

1979 D. Anthony Long Hard Cure xxv. 198 The Sony had been in plain sight... Billy Combs was shaking down the rest of the house.

17.

a. reflexive and intransitive. Of timber: To split or crack. Also reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > actions of wood [verb (intransitive)] > crack

shake1679

gall1770

1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 155 The Boards will Tear or Shake, w[h]ich is in Vulgar English, Split or Crack.

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 136 The..Boards are set..under some cover'd Shed... For if..the Sun shine fiercely upon 'em..they will tear or shake 'em,..that is, in plain English, split or crack.

1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Gloss. Shook, split, as wood by shrinking.

b. transitive. To separate the staves of (a cask). Cf. shake n.¹ 10a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or breaking up into constituent parts > separate into constituents [verb (transitive)] > take apart > specifically a cask

shake1867

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To shake a cask, to take it to pieces, and pack up the parts.

1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 95.

18. Music. To accompany or execute with a shake; also absol. or intransitive to execute a shake (see shake n.¹ 5).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform music [verb (intransitive)] > specific style or technique

descanta1450

to stay on1579

to run division1590

divide1609

shake1611

flourish1766

tweedle-dee1837

slide1864

Wagnerize1866

to break a chord1879

magadize1904

scoop1927

segue1958

rap1979

rhyme1979

scratch1982

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > specific style or technique

squeak1577

tinkle1582

divide1590

shake1611

slur1746

da capo1764

rattlea1766

to run over ——1789

skirl1818

spread?1822

develop1838

arpeggio1864

propose1864

recapitulate1873

jazz1915

lilt1916

jazzify1927

thump1929

schmaltz1936

belt1947

stroke1969

funkify1973

scratch1984

scratch-mix1985

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Gringoter, to warble quauer, shake with the voice.

1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) (at cited word) To shake the voice (in singing), gringoter.

1659 C. Simpson Division-violist i. 9 Open [-shake] is, when a Finger is shaked in that distance from when it was removed, or is to be set down.

1659 C. Simpson Division-violist i. 9 Wider then that [sc. an interval of a tone] we never shake.

1676 T. Mace Musick's Monument 104 The Back-fall may be either Plain, or Shaked.

1746 W. Tans'ur New Musical Gram. 23 A Shake, or Trilloe..is, to shake, tremble, or warble your Voice, or Instrument.

1828 Examiner 664/1 She..absolutely introduced two consecutive fifths by shaking on F instead of descending to D.

Phrasal verbs

to shake off

1. To cast off or get rid of with a shake or an effort. literal and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking

to shake out?c1225

forshakea1300

overshakec1330

to shake off1393

off-shake1576

shog1949

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 13 Repente þe,..And shryf þe sharpliche and shak of alle pruyde.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Mark vi. 11 Shake of the duste from your feet.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 42^v Through the onely..eating hereof, they shake off many sicknesses.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 241 A witherd Hermight fiuescore winters worne, Might shake off fiftie, looking in her eye.

1611 Bible (King James) Mark vi. 11.

1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 366 Having shaken off our sinne (as Sampson had shaked off his new ropes).

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 409 I..Might easily have shook off all her snares.

1712 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella (1948) 11 Jan. II. 461 I walkt lustily in the Park by moon-shine till eight, to shake off my dinner and wine.

1719 J. Ozell tr. F. M. Misson Mem. Trav. Eng. 26 Then the Bull bellows and bounds, and kicks about to shake off the Dog.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 365 The most industrious shake off their old garments about eight o'clock.

1827 N. P. Willis Widow of Nain 18 The sentinel Shook off his slumber.

1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire vi. 121 Poland, once tributary, had shaken off the yoke.

1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge III. xlvii. 223 I know from experience how difficult it is to shake off old associations.

2. To get rid of (a person); to draw away from (a competitor in a race).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > get or be rid of > specifically a person

to shake off1530

unload1576

to shift offc1592

exonerate1614

shift1615

shab1677

purge1873

defenestrate1917

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > race (a race) [verb (transitive)] > leave behind

to shake off1856

back-mark1890

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 700/2 I shake of, as one shaketh of or awaye from hym a person or mater that he wolde be rydde of.

1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxix. 34 Quhen he listis, he schaks hir of be diuorce or hir wirreis.

1590 Cobler of Caunterburie 24 I shakt him off as well as I could, but he would haue no nay at all.

1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 9 Sept. (1948) I. 9 I am glad I have wholly shaken off that family.

1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. vi. 143 Exerting his strength, he suddenly shook off both the finishers of the law.

1856 H. H. Dixon Post & Paddock xiii. 324 ‘You thought to shake me off, did you?’ roared Mr. T. as they landed together in a large grass field.

1878 Ld. Tennyson Revenge viii And a dozen times we shook 'em off as a dog that shakes his ears.

†3. To let off (a shot). Obsolete. rare^—1.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > fire (a missile) from gun

to shake off1583

fire1598

to fire off1731

poop1917

squeeze1956

1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iv. 32 a Either parte shooke of their shotte, and coupled them selues tegether in a braue Skirmishe.

4. Of a plant: To shed (leaves, fruit).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > shed leaves, flowers, or fruit

to shake offa1425

fall1510

shed1598

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxiv. 13 If a fewe fruitis of olyue trees that ben left ben schakun of fro the olyue tre.

a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. C.iiii, in Whole Wks. (1587) The Trees shooke off their leaues.

5. Nautical. To unfasten (a sail).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)] > strike or take in (sails)

strikea1300

main1517

hand1625

douse1626

to shake off1627

muzzle1883

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. v. 22 When we shake off a Bonnet.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To shake, to cast off fastenings, as..To shake off a bonnet of a fore-and-aft sail.

to shake out

1. To cast out or remove with a shake. literal and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking

to shake out?c1225

forshakea1300

overshakec1330

to shake off1393

off-shake1576

shog1949

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > dislodge or remove by shaking

to shake out?c1225

shake?1508

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting specific animals > [verb (transitive)] > hunt fox > turn out of bag

shake1812

to shake out1856

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 153 Þe scorpiunes cundel þet habred inhire bosem. schake hit ut wið.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14682 Luytel notes þey toke, & holede þem, þe kerneles out schoke.

?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 368 Mynyster of the sextry schal..haue oute the tapettes..and the duste schake oute.

1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 238 You shall never shake a brybe out of your hand, unlesse you shut covetousnesse out of your brest.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1678 (1955) IV. 141 This they dextrously turning shake out like a thin pan-cake.

1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 449 We shook the plants out, and shortened their roots..and repotted them.

1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports i. ii. v. 135 A bag-fox being shaken out before hounds by the keeper.

2. nonce-uses. To bring about by ‘wagging’; to produce by shaking.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > into a specific condition

shakec1384

to shake out1608

1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one v. sig. H4 Cheifly dice, those true outlanders, That shake out Beggars, Theeues and Panders.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. iv. 23 Many a mans tongue shakes out his masters vndoing.

†3. To cast out the contents of; to empty. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > leave unoccupied [verb (transitive)] > empty

emptyOE

emptOE

avoida1382

to shake out1382

devoida1400

evacuec1400

void1506

toom?a1513

unburden1538

disgarboil1567

inanitea1598

unbowel1597

unfill1607

to turn out?1609

unteemc1635

evacuatea1652

vacuate1651

unempt1798

disglut1800

eviscerate1834

1382 J. Wyclif 2 Esdras [ Neh. ] v. 13 I shakide out my bosum.

1639 R. Baillie Let. 28 Sept. (1841) I. 213 Harie Rollock, by his sermons, moved them to shake out their purses.

4. To unfasten or unfurl and let out with a shake (a flag, sail); to straighten out by shaking (something crumpled or folded).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > unfurl or unfold

unfoldc890

untrenda1272

displayc1330

splayc1330

unplyc1330

outrolla1393

unlapa1400

unplight?c1400

unrollc1425

deploy1477

to shake outc1550

explicate1562

disvelop1592

unfurl1641

develop1656

unwrap1807

unshroud1846

to roll out1849

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 32 Schaik out the flag on the top mast.

1800 Naval Chron. 4 394 I dare not shake the reefs out of the sail.

1849 C. J. Lever Confessions Con Cregan I. xiv. 196 Old Ben Crosseley, of the ‘Lively Biddy’, that wouldn't stand being ordered to shake out his canvas.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xx. 153 We had shaken out our reefs, and were driving before the wind.

1902 J. C. Snaith Wayfarers xvii He..produced a fresh wig..and having shook it out, discarded the modest wig he was wearing.

5. intransitive. To show visible signs of trembling.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (intransitive)] > tremble or quiver > with cold, infirmity, or emotion

quakeOE

shiverc1250

shakea1398

totterc1400

cowther1599

earn1611

frill1671

to shake out1843

1843 T. Watson Lect. Physic I. xl. 709 [In] the dumb ague, or the dead ague; the patient is said not to shake out.

to shake up

†1. To rattle (a chain). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (transitive)] > rattle

to shake upc1430

clitter1530

berattle1553

rattle1560

rail1770

to spring one's rattle1787

to tirl the sneck1800

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > shake with noise

to shake upc1430

c1430 Chev. Assigne 356 Þey..shoken vp þe cheynes þer sterten vp þe swannes; Eche on chese to his.

2. To shake together for the purpose of combining or mixing; to shake (a liquid) so as to stir up the sediment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > [verb (transitive)] > stir up or render turbid

stirc1000

blend1384

trouble1579

puddle1593

mud1594

muddy1617

drummle1635

blunder1655

muddy1669

muddle1676

inturbidate1684

to shake up1753

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > shake together or up

to shake togetherc1384

to shake up1753

to shake togetherc1384

to shake up1753

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Eye [The mixture is to be] thoroughly shook up every time it is to be used.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xxiii. 237 Mr. Weller, shaking up the ale, by describing small circles with the pot, preparatory to drinking.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiogr. (ed. 2) 84 If we shake up a mixture of liquids of different densities.

3. To rouse up with or as with a shake.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > stir up or rouse up

stirc1000

aweccheOE

stirc1175

arear?c1225

awakec1315

amovec1330

araisec1374

wake1398

wakenc1400

to stir upa1500

incend?1504

to firk upc1540

bestir1549

store1552

bustlea1555

tickle1567

solicitate1568

to stir one's taila1572

exsuscitate1574

rouse1574

suscitate1598

accite1600

actuate1603

arousea1616

poach1632

roust1658

to shake up1850

to galvanize to or into life1853

to make things (or something specified) hum1884

to jack up1914

rev1945

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > rouse by shaking

shogc1440

shake1530

rumble1597

to shake up1850

1850 W. Allingham Poems 30 The wind shakes up the sleepy clouds.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iv. 90 Bob..hollers to his 'osses, and shakes 'em up, and away we goes.

1896 Daily News 30 Apr. 3/4 The favourite always had his race well won,..although..Loates had to shake him up.

4. To loosen (bedding, etc.) by shaking.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > loosen by shaking

to shake up1833

1833 W. H. Maxwell Field Bk. at Training After he [the horse] has had his food, the litter is to be shook up.

1857 A. Marsh Rose of Ashurst vi [He] had..shook up and arranged my pillows, in a way most comfortable to me.

5. Nautical. (See quot. 1769.)

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > luff or turn to windward > so close that the sails shake

to shake up1769

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Ralingues Shake her up in the wind, let the sails touch! the order to the helmsman to steer the ship so as to let the sails shake with their edges to the wind.

†6. To rate soundly, abuse violently. (Very common in 16–17th centuries.) Also, to harass, afflict.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]

tawc893

ermec897

swencheOE

besetOE

bestandc1000

teenOE

baitc1175

grieve?c1225

war?c1225

noyc1300

pursuec1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

tribula1325

worka1325

to hold wakenc1330

chase1340

twistc1374

wrap1380

cumbera1400

harrya1400

vexc1410

encumber1413

inquiet1413

molest?a1425

course1466

persecutec1475

trouble1489

sturt1513

hare1523

hag1525

hale1530

exercise1531

to grate on or upon1532

to hold or keep waking1533

infest1533

scourge1540

molestate1543

pinch1548

trounce1551

to shake upa1556

tire1558

moila1560

pester1566

importune1578

hunt1583

moider1587

bebait1589

commacerate1596

bepester1600

ferret1600

harsell1603

hurry1611

gall1614

betoil1622

weary1633

tribulatea1637

harass1656

dun1659

overharry1665

worry1671

haul1678

to plague the life out of1746

badger1782

hatchel1800

worry1811

bedevil1823

devil1823

victimize1830

frab1848

mither1848

to pester the life out of1848

haik1855

beplague1870

chevy1872

obsede1876

to get on ——1880

to load up with1880

tail-twist1898

hassle1901

heckle1920

snooter1923

hassle1945

to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946

to bust (a person's) chops1953

noodge1960

monster1967

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > severely

dressc1405

wipe1523

to take up1530

whip1530

to shake upa1556

trounce1607

castigatea1616

lasha1616

objurgate1616

thunderstrike1638

snub1672

drape1683

cut1737

rowa1798

score1812

to dress down1823

to pitch into ——1823

wig1829

to row (a person) up1838

to catch or get Jesse1839

slate1840

drop1853

to drop (down) to or on (to)1859

to give (a person) rats1862

to jump upon1868

to give (a person) fits1871

to give it to someone (pretty) stiff1880

lambaste1886

ruck1899

bollock1901

bawl1903

scrub1911

burn1914

to hang, draw, and quarter1930

to tear a strip off1940

to tear (someone) off a strip1940

brass1943

rocket1948

bitch1952

tee1955

fan-

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) ii. ii. sig. C.iij^v I was nere so shoke vp afore since I was borne.

1576 G. Pettie Petite Pallace 53 b The king..sent for my youth Iphis, shooke him vp with sharpe threatninges, and charged him..neuer after to be seene at the Court.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. i. 26.

1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 307 What was Eliah to Ahab?..that hee durst..shake him vp roundly for,..his bloody abominable oppressions?

1637 P. Heylyn Antidotum Lincolniense iii. 9 Your next vagarie is upon the Doctor... The Doctor thus shaked up, you goe on againe unto the point of Iurisdiction.

7. To upset the nerves of, agitate, confuse.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > cause nervous excitement or agitate [verb (transitive)]

to carry away?1529

agitate1591

fermentate1599

tumultuate1616

alarm1620

overwork1645

uncalm1650

flutter1664

pother1692

to set afloata1713

fluctuate1788

fuss1816

tumult1819

to break up1825

rile1857

to steam up1860

to shake up1884

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > rattle

rattle1865

to shake up1884

1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn vi. 47 People allowed there'd be another trial to..give me to the widow for my guardian... This shook me up considerable, because I didn't want to go back to the widow's.

1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous ii. 31 ‘Well, you was shook up and silly’, said Dan.

Compounds

The verb-stem in combination.

† shake-brained adj. Obsolete of unsound mind, crazy, crack-brained.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with

woodc725

woodsekc890

giddyc1000

out of (by, from, of) wit or one's witc1000

witlessc1000

brainsickOE

amadc1225

lunaticc1290

madc1330

sickc1340

brain-wooda1375

out of one's minda1387

frenetica1398

fonda1400

formada1400

unwisea1400

brainc1400

unwholec1400

alienate?a1425

brainless1434

distract of one's wits1470

madfula1475

furious1475

distract1481

fro oneself1483

beside oneself1490

beside one's patience1490

dementa1500

red-wood?1507

extraught1509

misminded1509

peevish1523

bedlam-ripe1525

straughta1529

fanatic1533

bedlama1535

daft1540

unsounda1547

stark raving (also staring) mad1548

distraughted1572

insane1575

acrazeda1577

past oneself1576

frenzy1577

poll-mad1577

out of one's senses1580

maddeda1586

frenetical1588

distempered1593

distraught1597

crazed1599

diswitted1599

idle-headed1599

lymphatical1603

extract1608

madling1608

distracteda1616

informala1616

far gone1616

crazy1617

March mada1625

non compos mentis1628

brain-crazed1632

demented1632

crack-brained1634

arreptitiousa1641

dementate1640

dementated1650

brain-crackeda1652

insaniated1652

exsensed1654

bedlam-witteda1657

lymphatic1656

mad-like1679

dementative1685

non compos1699

beside one's gravity1716

hyte1720

lymphated1727

out of one's head1733

maddened1735

swivel-eyed1758

wrong1765

brainsickly1770

fatuous1773

derangedc1790

alienated1793

shake-brained1793

crack-headed1796

flighty1802

wowf1802

doitrified1808

phrenesiac1814

bedlamite1815

mad-braineda1822

fey1823

bedlamitish1824

skire1825

beside one's wits1827

as mad as a hatter1829

crazied1842

off one's head1842

bemadded1850

loco1852

off one's nut1858

off his chump1864

unsane1867

meshuga1868

non-sane1868

loony1872

bee-headed1879

off one's onion1881

off one's base1882

(to go) off one's dot1883

locoed1885

screwy1887

off one's rocker1890

balmy or barmy on (or in) the crumpet1891

meshuggener1892

nutty1892

buggy1893

bughouse1894

off one's pannikin1894

ratty1895

off one's trolley1896

batchy1898

twisted1900

batsc1901

batty1903

dippy1903

bugs1904

dingy1904

up the (also a) pole1904

nut1906

nuts1908

nutty as a fruitcake1911

bugged1920

potty1920

cuckoo1923

nutsy1923

puggled1923

blah1924

détraqué1925

doolally1925

off one's rocket1925

puggle1925

mental1927

phooey1927

crackers1928

squirrelly1928

over the edge1929

round the bend1929

lakes1934

ding-a-ling1935

wacky1935

screwball1936

dingbats1937

Asiatic1938

parlatic1941

troppo1941

up the creek1941

screwed-up1943

bonkers1945

psychological1952

out to lunch1955

starkers1956

off (one's) squiff1960

round the twist1960

yampy1963

out of (also off) one's bird1966

out of one's skull1967

whacked out1969

batshit1971

woo-woo1971

nutso1973

out of (one's) gourd1977

wacko1977

off one's meds1986

1793 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 126 A..shake-brained fellow.

† shake breast n. Obsolete = wave v. 9e (cf. Geneva Bible 1560, Leviticus x. 15 shakẽ breast, Numbers vi. 20 shaken breast).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > which is waved when presented > that which is employed in

heave shoulder1530

wave-sheaf1530

shake breast1647

shake-day-sheaf1650

shake-sheaf1650

wave-bread1879

1647 Husbandmans Plea against Tithes 38 Then the custome is (in some Parishes) for the Parson to have a tenth joynt, a heave shoulder, or a shake breast.

a1659 R. Brownrig 65 Serm. (1674) I. xxi. 278 God, saith Gregory, requires not only pectus fidei..the shake-breast of faith, but [etc.].

† shake-day-sheaf n. Obsolete = wave v. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > which is waved when presented > that which is employed in

heave shoulder1530

wave-sheaf1530

shake breast1647

shake-day-sheaf1650

shake-sheaf1650

wave-bread1879

1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Lev. xxiii. 11) 161 This shake-daie-sheaf was a pregnant type of Christ's rising again.

shake-hands n. an act of shaking hands with another person; hence shake-hand attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > greeting or salutation > gesture > handshake

handygriping1577

wring1605

handshaking1647

shruga1653

hand-griping1700

shake1712

shake-hands1800

handshake1802

handgrip1837

pump-handler1844

glad hand1895

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [adjective] > greeting or saluting > shaking hands

shake-hand1856

1800 F. Burney Let. 18 July (1973) IV. 436 William will be much pleased by a private congratulatory shake hands from you in his own Apartment.

1811 A. de Beauclerc Ora & Juliet I. 235 After..a hearty shake-hands with Brewster.

1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin l. 491 Not a little provoked at the shake-hand salutation her son had accorded him.

1889 D. C. Murray & H. Murray Dangerous Catspaw 33 He..executed a hearty shake-hands.

shake-lurk n. slang a sham official document falsely declaring that the bearer has suffered shipwreck.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > faking of documents > [noun] > instance of > claiming shipwreck

shake-lurk1851

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 219/2 Armed with these [sc. sham official documents], the patterer becomes a ‘lurker’... Shipwreck is called a ‘shake lurk’.

† shake offering n. Obsolete a wave n. offering.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > which is waved when presented

heave-offering1530

wave-offering1530

shake offering1608

1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 574 The shake offering was shaken to and fro.

† shake rotten adj. Obsolete a term of abuse.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [adjective] > as abused

lousyc1386

greasya1529

mongrela1594

shake rotten1595

strummell-patch1600

thornbackly1605

toad-spotted1608

pissabed1643

shit-breeched1664

shit-breech1675

mole-catching1693

nine-eyed1694

poxya1758

cocksucking1872

bastard1877

motherfucking1890

son-of-a-bitching1902

so-and-so1929

mother-raping1932

zombie1937

chickenshit1940

pissy-arsed1940

bastarding1944

mother-loving1948

mothering1951

1595 G. Peele Old Wiues Tale D This shake rotten parish that will not burie Iack.

† shake-sheaf n. Obsolete = shake-day-sheaf n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > which is waved when presented > that which is employed in

heave shoulder1530

wave-sheaf1530

shake breast1647

shake-day-sheaf1650

shake-sheaf1650

wave-bread1879

1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Lev. xxiii. 17) 162 The shake-sheaf..of their barlie-harvest.

shake-tail adj. of a woman, loose.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [adjective] > unchaste or sexually compliant (of women)

strumpeta1382

jadish1573

comingc1576

short heeled1591

loose in the hilts1598

loose-legged1598

loose-tailed1598

light-tailed1600

overscutched1600

stuprous1603

light-skirted1607

brothelly1608

light-heeled1611

wagtailed1648

loose-hilteda1652

feather-heeleda1674

loose-gowneda1717

frank1744

shake-tail1782

(a woman) of a certain description1803

hetaeric1868

round-heeled1926

floozy?1930

trampy1944

slack1951

slaggy1973

1782 E. Blower George Bateman II. 120 A couple of shake-tail jabbering wenches.

Draft additions 1993

to shake out

transitive. To dismiss or remove by means of a shake-out; esp. to get rid of (redundant staff) through reorganization.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > do without or get rid of > by a shake-out or reorganization

to shake out1905

1905 Westm. Gaz. 8 July 1/2 Fence-sitters and faint-hearts are to be shaken out, so that..those who thwart us at the commencement shall not come back after victory as nominal supporters.

1947 Sun (Baltimore) 18 Jan. 1/2 The Communist Finance Minister..said he would not insist upon his plan to call in Italian currency to ‘shake out’ gains of black marketeers and war profiteers.

1966 Guardian 7 Dec. 8/4 The men shaken out of BMC are predominantly unskilled.

1972 Oxford Econ. Papers 24 89 Surplus labour should be ‘shaken-out’ from overmanned industries.

1989 Times 8 July 17/2 A few people who were temperamentally inclined to take cash were shaken out.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	shake
释义	shaken.¹ Brit. /ʃeɪk/, U.S. /ʃeɪk/ Forms: Also Middle English schak, Middle English schakke, 1700s–1800s shack. Etymology: < shake v. †I. Senses involving speed of action. 1. a. With prefixed adjective, as adverbial cognate object to shake verb, or other verbs of motion, a good (also great, etc.) shake: quickly, with headlong speed. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swiftly [phrase] on fastec1275 as greyhound (let out) of leasha1300 a good (also great, etc.) shake13.. in hastec1300 (wiþ) gret yre13.. in speeda1325 good speeda1400 on (also upon) the wing or one's wing1508 with post1569 on or upon the speed1632 on the run?1679 by the run1787 like a house on fire (also afire)1809 at the double-quick1834 with a run1834 fast and furious1851 at the double1860 at the rate of knots1892 for (or on) the (high) jump1905 like blue murder1914 13.. K. Alis. 232 Away he rod from heom god schak. 13.. Propr. Sanct. (Vernon MS.) in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen 81 84 And aftur þei schoken a ful gret schak. ?c1475 Hunt. Hare 96 Thei wente a nobull schakke. †b. A charge (of men in battle), onrush. (Cf. shock n.³) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > charge > [noun] reseOE forec1275 shakec1380 birr1382 frushc1400 impression1402 imprint1490 race1535 charge1569 élan1880 charging1887 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2663 So þat þe furste schak was ouercome of hure enymys. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 1759 The Bretons..Schokkes in with a schakke, and schontez no langere. II. The action or an act of shaking. 2. a. An act of shaking a person or thing. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > [noun] > shaking > a shake shag1581 shake1581 wap?1635 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades iv. 72 And as down leaped he, His gay and gorgeous armor rich so sounded in the shake. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 2 The dogge..pinch'd him in the eye, with so terrible a shake, that the Lion..was constrained to forsake himselfe. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 172 Sometimes it happens that by a Shake..the Mettal may spill. 1715 J. Addison Freeholder No. 1. ⁋5 Blossoms, that would fall away with every shake of wind. 1752 E. Moxon Eng. Housewifery (new ed.) 152 Give them a shake together before you lie in your eggs. 1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. Dec. 614/2 It seemed to have given a shake to memory, calling up notice after notice of all..he had experienced. 1843 E. A. Poe Purloined Let. in Gift 1845 48 We turned over every leaf in each volume, not contenting ourselves with a mere shake. b. (Usually in full a shake of the hand.) An act of shaking hands or a person's hand, a handshake. (See shake v.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > greeting or salutation > gesture > handshake handygriping1577 wring1605 handshaking1647 shruga1653 hand-griping1700 shake1712 shake-hands1800 handshake1802 handgrip1837 pump-handler1844 glad hand1895 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 269. ¶5 Our Salutations..consisting of many kind Shakes of the Hand. 1820 L. Hunt Indicator 12 July 315 The shake [was] as close, as long, and as rejoicing, as if the semi-unknown was a friend come home from the Desarts. 1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert vii. 75 Jim Sinclair gave her hand a very British shake. c. shake of the head: see shake v. 6b. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > other gestures > [noun] > head gestures nod1541 nodding1550 headshake1603 shake of the head1713 1713 J. Hughes in J. Duncombe Lett. Several Eminent Persons Deceased (1772) I. 74 I may have called a man a knave by a shake of the head and a shrug of the shoulders. 1781 R. B. Sheridan Critic iii. i Puff. Why, by that shake of the head, he [Ld. Burleigh] gave you to understand that [etc.]. 1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son l. 495 Captain Cuttle observed, with a shake of his head, that Jack Bunsby himself hadn't made it out. 1889 C. S. Parnell in R. B. O'Brien Life C. S. Parnell (1898) II. 228 Is there any one of them who..sitting in his place, by a shake of the head, or a nod, or a word, will venture to say that [etc.]? d. An act of shaking oneself. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > [noun] > shaking > a shake > of oneself shake1712 1712 A. Pope Rape of Locke i, in Misc. Poems 356 Shock just had giv'n himself the rouzing Shake. 1726 W. Penn Tracts in Wks. I. 490 Having given my self a loose shake of the Calumnies of his first Section. 1830 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 28 596 That long shake [of a dog] that bedrizzled the sunshine. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. viii. 191 The speaker got up from a bench on which he had been lying unobserved, and gave himself a shake. e. dialect. The shaking out of corn from the ear. Also in combination shake-time. Cf. shack n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > [noun] > season of growth, flourishing, or fruiting seasona1300 shake-time1668 fructescence1793 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > grain fallen from ear > shaking corn out of the ear shake1794 1668 J. Worlidge Dict. Rusticum in Systema Agric. Shake-time, the season of the year that Mast and such Fruits, fall from Trees. 1794 Har'st Rig vi. 6 And ay they tell, That, ‘a green shear Is an ill shake’. 1899 Cumbld. Gloss. at Shear A green shear's as bad as a shak. f. Paper-making. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > paper-making > [noun] > specific processes calendering1513 pulping1640 watermarking1851 couching1875 knotting1875 friction-glazing1878 shake1885 soda process1885 cook1894 sulphate process1894 reeling1906 fibrillation1929 conditioning1954 1885 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 225/1 He..then gives the mould the ‘shake’, a gentle shake both along and across the mould. 1890 A. Watt Art of Paper-making xii. 131 He gives the mould a gentle shake from his chest forward and back again, which is called the fore-right shake; this shake takes place across the wires... He next gives a shake from right to left, and back again. g. dialect. A raffle. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > lottery or raffle > [noun] lottery1567 rifling1569 raffle1734 lotto1787 draw1839 roulette1861 swindle1868 shake1877 shackle1881 1877 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire Shake, a raffle. ‘My mon won the picture in a shake.’ h. colloquial or slang. Used as the type of instantaneous action, esp. in the phrases in a shake, in a brace or couple of shakes. Also, in three (or two) shakes of a sheep's (or lamb's) tail, (in) half a shake. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > immediacy > [adverb] soonc825 ratheeOE rathelyeOE rekeneOE rekenlyOE thereright971 anonOE forth ona1000 coflyc1000 ferlyc1000 radlyOE swiftlyc1000 unyoreOE yareOE at the forme (also first) wordOE nowOE shortlya1050 rightOE here-rightlOE right anonlOE anonc1175 forthrightc1175 forthwithalc1175 skeetc1175 swithc1175 with and withc1175 anon-rightc1225 anon-rights?c1225 belivec1225 lightly?c1225 quickly?c1225 tidelyc1225 fastlyc1275 hastilyc1275 i-radlichec1275 as soon asc1290 aright1297 bedenea1300 in little wevea1300 withoute(n dwella1300 alrightc1300 as fast (as)c1300 at firstc1300 in placec1300 in the placec1300 mididonec1300 outrightc1300 prestc1300 streck13.. titec1300 without delayc1300 that stounds1303 rada1325 readya1325 apacec1325 albedenec1330 as (also also) titec1330 as blivec1330 as line rightc1330 as straight as linec1330 in anec1330 in presentc1330 newlyc1330 suddenlyc1330 titelyc1330 yernec1330 as soon1340 prestly1340 streckly1340 swithly?1370 evenlya1375 redelya1375 redlya1375 rifelya1375 yeplya1375 at one blastc1380 fresha1382 ripelyc1384 presentc1385 presently1385 without arrestc1385 readilyc1390 in the twinkling of a looka1393 derflya1400 forwhya1400 skeetlya1400 straighta1400 swifta1400 maintenantc1400 out of handc1400 wightc1400 at a startc1405 immediately1420 incontinent1425 there and then1428 onenec1429 forwithc1430 downright?a1439 agatec1440 at a tricec1440 right forth1440 withouten wonec1440 whipc1460 forthwith1461 undelayed1470 incessantly1472 at a momentc1475 right nowc1475 synec1475 incontinently1484 promptly1490 in the nonce?a1500 uncontinent1506 on (upon, in) the instant1509 in short1513 at a clap1519 by and by1526 straightway1526 at a twitch1528 at the first chop1528 maintenantly1528 on a tricea1529 with a tricec1530 at once1531 belively1532 straightwaysa1533 short days1533 undelayedly1534 fro hand1535 indelayedly1535 straight forth1536 betimesc1540 livelyc1540 upononc1540 suddenly1544 at one (or a) dash?1550 at (the) first dash?1550 instantly1552 forth of hand1564 upon the nines1568 on the nail1569 at (also in, with) a thoughtc1572 indilately1572 summarily1578 at one (a) chop1581 amain1587 straightwise1588 extempore1593 presto1598 upon the place1600 directly1604 instant1604 just now1606 with a siserary1607 promiscuously1609 at (in) one (an) instant1611 on (also upon) the momenta1616 at (formerly also on or upon) sight1617 hand to fist1634 fastisha1650 nextly1657 to rights1663 straightaway1663 slap1672 at first bolt1676 point-blank1679 in point1680 offhand1686 instanter1688 sonica1688 flush1701 like a thought1720 in a crack1725 momentary1725 bumbye1727 clacka1734 plumba1734 right away1734 momentarily1739 momentaneously1753 in a snap1768 right off1771 straight an end1778 abruptedly1784 in a whistle1784 slap-bang1785 bang?1795 right off the reel1798 in a whiff1800 in a flash1801 like a shot1809 momently1812 in a brace or couple of shakes1816 in a gird1825 (all) in a rush1829 in (also at, on) short (also quick) order1830 straightly1830 toot sweetc1830 in two twos1838 rectly1843 quick-stick1844 short metre1848 right1849 at the drop of a (occasionally the) hat1854 off the hooks1860 quicksticks1860 straight off1873 bang off1886 away1887 in quick sticks (also in a quick stick)1890 ek dum1895 tout de suite1895 bung1899 one time1899 prompt1910 yesterday1911 in two ups1934 presto changeo1946 now-now1966 presto change1987 the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > [adverb] > instantaneously or with a short space of time swiftlya1400 at one fling1556 at one (a) chop1581 per saltum1602 at one (fell, etc.) swoop1612 popa1625 instantaneously1644 in the catching up of a garter1697 in the drawing of a trigger1706 in a handclap1744 at a slap1753 momentaneously1753 in a whiff1800 in a brace or couple of shakes1816 bolt1839 at a single jeta1856 overnight1912 jiffy-quick1927 in two ups1934 1816 G. Muir Clydesdale Minstrelsy 98 In the shake of a hand I received my sight. 1841 J. T. J. Hewlett Parish Clerk I. xvi. 283 I'll just..run whome wi' un, and be back agin in a brace of shakes. 1842 R. H. Barham Lay St. Aloys in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 247 He'll be up at the Church in a couple of shakes. 1858 S. A. Hammett Piney Woods Tavern xxiv. 260 Out come my mare, and in a couple of shakes of a sheep's tail we was a doin' our three minits jest as fine as silk. 1858 S. A. Hammett Piney Woods Tavern xxvi. 283 In hafe a shake Bingham broke through 'em. 1867 G. W. Harris Sut Lovingood 113 Pat tuck me at my word, an' wer outen site in the shake ove a lamb's tail. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iii. xiii. 106 Well, if I speak back, pikes will be going in two shakes. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xli. 348 I says to myself spos'n he can't fix that leg just in three shakes of a sheep's tail, as the saying is? spos'n it takes him three or four days? 1902 E. Nesbit Five Children & It ii. 51 He'll be ready in a brace of shakes, he says. 1904 E. Nesbit Phoenix & Carpet vii. 145 Wait a shake, and I'll undo the side gate. 1934 N. Scanlan Tides of Youth 117 Half a shake—any more beer? 1936 W. Greene Death in Deep South ii. 93 If you boys will just hold your horses, I'll have a statement for you. Harmon's typing it now. It'll be ready in a shake. 1958 J. Wain Contenders xii. 265 In two shakes he's solved the problem. Or shaken it anyway. 1966 Guardian 29 July 8/7 Then they are off again... I nearly wrote ‘in two shakes of a lamb's tail’. 1973 E. Lemarchand Let or Hindrance xii. 140 I'll knock you up bacon and eggs in a brace of shakes. i. a fair shake: a fair deal. Also, an even shake, a good shake, and opposed to, an unfair shake. U.S. slang. ΚΠ 1830 Central Watchtower & Farmer's Jrnl. (Harrodsburg, Kentucky) 22 May 1/3 Says I, any way that will be a fair shake. 1845 W. T. Thompson Chron. Pineville 34 Give Bill Sweeny a fair shake, and he can whoop blue blazes out of ye. 1847 D. P. Thompson Locke Amsden 59 Now you know, father, that wasn't a fair shake . 1902 S. E. White Blazed Trail xxxi. 218 ‘That ain't a fair shake,’ cried the man excitedly. 1949 E. B. White Let. 20 Nov. (1976) 315 The New Yorker disagrees with practically everything Boyer believes in... Nevertheless, it has given Boyer a fair shake. 1969 L. G. Arthur in A. E. Wilkerson Rights of Children (1973) x. 124 What does the child receive in return:..just psychiatric screen, shiny tiled walls, and electronic listening. It doesn't seem an even shake! 1972 Time 17 Apr. 33/1 The Administration took office..expecting an unfair shake. 1976 M. Machlin Pipeline xix. 243 What about the natives? They're not getting such a good shake. 1980 in S. Terkel Amer. Dreams 341 I'd like to see an America where so much power was not in the hands of the few. Where everybody'd get a fair shake. j. Originally Nautical. An act of shaking a sleeper to rouse him. Also figurative, a morning call. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > [noun] > action, act, or state of waking or being wakened > specific waking or rousing > an act/instance of cold pie1611 snuft1611 awakening1684 cold pig1870 shake1933 wake-up1975 1933 P. A. Eaddy Hull Down 49 If I'm asleep give me a shake at eight bells. 1945 ‘Tackline’ Holiday Sailor iv. 47 A shake. Another shake. I peer muzzily down at Gordon's upturned face. ‘Quarter to four, Smiler, if you want any tea.’ ‘Uh? Oh, righto—thanks. I'll be up.’ 1979 D. Gurr Troika vii. 43 The knocking intruded slowly into consciousness. The room was dark, although my shake was for six-thirty. k. A party, esp. a rent party. U.S. slang. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] party1707 kick-upc1781 shiveau1798 shine1882 shivoo1889 kitchen tea1896 percolator1946 shake1946 society > leisure > social event > fund-raising events > [noun] > rent party parlour social1883 house party1923 house rent party1925 rent party1925 stomp1926 boogie1929 shake1946 skiffle1946 1946 R. Blesh Shining Trumpets xiii. 303 The great South Side institution of ‘rent party’ (locally known as ‘skiffle’, ‘shake’, or ‘percolator’). 1956 S. Longstreet Real Jazz xvi. 126 Depression came... You could always wrassel up a piano and get together to listen and charge a few coins and have a skiffle. Or, as some said, a rent party, or a shake. 1977 Amer. Speech 1975 50 65 Shake.., party. ‘There's a shake at Jim's house.’ 3. a. Irregular vibratory or tremulous movement, esp. as the result of impact or disturbance of equilibrium; irregular lateral movement (of something revolving or moving in a line). Nautical, a fluttering or shivering (of a sail). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > [noun] > shaking quakingeOE quakea1350 shakingc1380 rogging1440 shaggingc1440 brangling1584 quagswagging1653 shake1665 quivering1801 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 12 The cause of fluidness..I conceive to be nothing else but a certain pulse or shake of heat. 1685 R. Boyle Ess. Effects of Motion iii. 18 The Shake is first communicated by the Cannon to the earth or floor on which they play. 1764 J. Ferguson Lect. Select Subj. 48 The bush must embrace the spindle quite close, to prevent any shake in the motion. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XV. 663/2 A square box made to slide along this wooden trunk without shake. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 529 The earth must be struck with a rammer, and if found to shake, must be bored, to ascertain whether the shake be local or general. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 320 Diagonal braces..to resist the shake from the action of the wheel upon the pinion. 1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 223 The sail will come in without a shake. 1883 Science 1 101/1 Care should be taken..that there is no ‘shake’ or lateral motion in the adjustments for focus. 1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 328/2 See that the cannon pinion does not confine the shake of the centre wheel. b. The shock of an earthquake. Now U.S. and New Zealand. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] > earthquake > shock shake1622 shock1693 stroke1815 mainshock1862 1622 W. Burton Descr. Leicester Shire 270 The bell in the Townehall at Denbigh knowled with the violence of the shake [of an earthquake]. 1731 Gentleman's Mag. 1 224 In that and some following Days they had no less than 50 Shakes. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) Introd. 3 It has been destroyed by the shake of an earthquake. 1845 E. J. Wakefield Adventure in N.Z. II. xv. 368 The most severe earthquake occurred that I had yet felt... The natives..acknowledged that they had never experienced so bad a ru, or ‘shake’. 1907 Westm. Gaz. 13 Apr. 3/2 That earthquake at San Francisco—the ‘shake’, as the local papers lightheartedly called it within a fortnight. 1929 ‘E. Milton’ Love & Chiffon 219 In good old New Zealand, you'd realize these shakes are mere nothings. 1948 J. Courage in Landfall II. 298 The earthquake happened late..but the shake woke Mr Blakiston immediately. 1949 Los Angeles Times 14 May 1/4 Newspaper and police switch~boards were flooded immediately with requests for information on the shake. 4. a. A shivering or trembling of the body or limbs; also, a state of tremor. the shakes, nervous agitation caused by fear or horror. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > [noun] > trembling or quivering > with cold, infirmity, or emotion > an act or fit of tremor1616 shakea1625 shrug1713 shiver1727 shivering fit1816 shivering attack1899 the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > [noun] > shudder or shuddering > state of tremulous agitation flighta1535 trepidation1625 twitter1653 trepidity1721 twitteration1775 the shakes1837 trepidancy1840 a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iv. 41 I must stand to it stoutly, And show no shake of feare. 1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Ernest Maltravers I. i. x. 98 She was pale and agitated, or, as she expressed it, ‘had a terrible fit of the shakes’. 1851 N. Hawthorne House of Seven Gables xvi. 258 Her nerves were in a shake. 1966 M. Woodhouse Tree Frog xii. 93 It was like getting the shakes on an exposed pitch of rock. 1976 B. Bova Multiple Man xiii. 135 The sliding glass doors..were locked... So I sat around and waited, trying not to get the shakes. b. An attack of a shaking disease. the shakes, a name popularly applied to any disease characterized by a trembling of the muscles and limbs, esp. delirium tremens. dumb shakes, (U.S.) ? masked intermittent fever. hatters' shakes, a disease incident to some workers in hat-making. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders affecting muscles > [noun] > spasm or cramp > type of spasm > shaking or trembling ague fit1528 ague1532 grooving1637 the tremblesa1803 shivering fit1816 trepidation1822 shake1838 trembling fit1856 fibrillation1882 intention tremor1887 rest tremor1890 shivering attack1899 flutter1910 1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 220/2 When ‘the shakes’ have taken possession of their unhappy victim [of mercury-poisoning]. 1856 F. L. Olmsted Journey Slave States 355 Even in the midst of a severe ‘shake’, they would generally insist that they were ‘well enough to dive’. 1867 H. Latham Black & White 109 The Dismal Swamp is a first-rate place for concealment, if you are not afraid of shakes and agues. 1871 G. H. Napheys Prevention & Cure Dis. iii. ii. 640 The ‘dumb shakes’ of the Wabash Valley. 1884 Cornhill Mag. June 616 An attack of delirium tremens, or, as she and her neighbours style it, a ‘fit of the shakes’. 1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Feb. 378 Muscular tremors (‘hatters' shakes’) are most often observed in those engaged in dusty post-carotting processes. 1927 New Republic 9 Mar. 72/1 The following is a partial list of words denoting drunkenness now in common use in the United States..to have the shakes. 1947 A. Marshall in Coast to Coast 1946 177 The longest bender I ever had was eight months. It took me three years to get over the shakes it gave me. 1977 New Yorker 3 Oct. 40/1 Have you ever had the D.T.s? The shakes? c. A tremor (in the voice). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > [noun] > tremulous quality trilla1704 quaver1748 tremble1779 tremor1797 falter1834 shake1859 1859 C. J. Lever Davenport Dunn liv If I'd have detected one line in your face, or one shake in your voice, like treachery. d. A shaking movement in a dance; the Shake, a dance characterized by such movements. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > shaking or jiving dances > [noun] twist1894 shimmy1918 shimmying1919 shimmy shiver1919 heebie-jeebies1923 shimmy shake1925 shimmy-fox1926 shag1932 jitterbugging1938 jitterbug1939 jive1943 the Shake1946 swim1965 society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [noun] > movement > specific movements gambol1509 gamond?a1513 frisco?1520 brawl1521 frisk1525 friscal1570 goat's jump1589 caper1592 capriole1596 capering1598 amble1607 friscado1634 rising1694 sink1706 moulinet1785 ballon1828 toeing1871 bump1931 heel turn1933 partnering1939 grind1946 shake1946 thigh lift1949 cambré1952 1946 M. Mezzrow & B. Wolfe Really Blues vi. 75 She [a dancer] went through her whole routine, bumps and grinds and shakes and breaks. 1956 ‘B. Holiday’ & W. Dufty Lady sings Blues iv. 51 The Cotton Club—a place Negroes never saw inside unless they played music or did the shakes or shimmies. 1962 Guardian 31 Dec. 5/1 The Madison threatens to become compulsory dancing; creeping up behind it come the Slop, the Shake, the Waddle,..the Bossa Nova. 1966 N.Y. Times Mag. 9 Jan. 106/2 There is the Watusi, basically a side-to-side stumble, the Shake, and the Jerk—whose movements come as no surprise to old fans of burlesque. 5. Music. (See quot. 1881.) †close shake, open shake (see quot. 1672³). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > ornament > [noun] > trill quaver1533 trill1649 trillo1651 shake1659 trillado1721 Pralltriller1841 trillet1867 pincé1876 roll1880 tremblement1884 1659 C. Simpson Division-violist i. 9 Some also affect a kind of Shake or Tremble with the Bow, like the shaking Stop of an Organ. 1672 J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 6) i. 47 Trill, or plain shake. 1672 J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 6) i. 53 The Trill or Shake of the Voice, being the most usual Grace. 1672 J. Playford Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 6) ii. 96 The close shake is when you stop with your first Finger on the first Fret, and shake with your second Finger as close to it as you can; the open shake is when you stop with your first Finger on the first Fret, and shake with your third Finger on the third Fret. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 29. ¶11 A Voice so full of Shakes and Quavers that I should have thought the Murmurs of a Country Brook the much more agreeable Musick. 1775 F. Burney Let. 13 Nov. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 176 She has a very pretty shake, & sings very chastly, not with vile graces & trills. 1825 R. Southey Tale of Paraguay iii. xl And sometimes high the note was raised, and long Produced, with shake and effort sensible. 1881 F. Taylor in Grove's Dict. Music III. 479 Shake or Trill..consists of the regular and rapid alternation of a given note with the note above,..continuing for the full duration of the written note... Immediately before the final note of a shake a new subsidiary note is introduced, one degree below the principal note. This and the concluding principal note together form what is called the turn of the shake. 6. a. A concussion or blow which impairs the stability of something; often figurative a damaging blow (e.g. to an institution, a state of things, a person's health); a shock (to the mind or nerves). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] > damaging shake1565 blow1608 the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > a severe blow > damaging stability shake1565 staggerer1832 the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > severe or sudden shake1565 cut1568 dash1580 knock1649 shock1654 blow1678 stroke1686 black eye1712 1565 W. Allen Def. & Declar. Doctr. Purgatory ii. xvii. f. 283 One of these ouerthrowers frameth..his negatiue argument, to the more sure shake of oure faithe herein, after this sorte. 1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces ii. 94 The States-General..consisted of above Eight hundred persons, whose meeting..gave too great a shake to the whole Body of the Union. 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Acts xxiv. 8–9 This is a great shake to the credit of most History. 1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub ix. 168 His Brain hath undergone an unlucky Shake. a1722 J. Lauder Decisions (1759) I. 13 Being thought..a great shake to the security of men's lives and fortunes. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. i. §5. 18 The rude shakes which Science has given to many of their cherished convictions. 1894 H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Romance 44 He was the life of us before he had that shake, but it's only nerves. b. to give (someone) a or the shake or the cold shake: to cold-shoulder, rebuff; evade, escape. U.S. ΚΠ 1875 E. Eddy Let. 29 Oct. in J. F. Daly Life A. Daly (1917) xxv. 215 I desire to give the ‘Two Orphans’ a shake. 1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi iii. 54 None of them herded with Dick Allbright. They all give him the cold shake. 1930 D. Runyon in Collier's 1 Feb. 13/3 Although I give her..all my affection, she will probably give me the shake. 1970 N. Fleming Czech Point (1971) viii. 106 If these jokers want to tail us, they've damn well got to do it properly from behind. Overtake and give them the shake. 7. to be no great (some great, considerable, etc.) shakes: to be nothing (something, etc.) extraordinary in ability or importance. [Perhaps alluding to shaking of dice.] ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (intransitive)] > other to take the right-hand file1616 first1635 to speak in capitals?1694 to take the (or a) lead1761 to play first (or second) fiddle1778 to play first violin1780 to be no great (some great, considerable, etc.) shakes1819 to pitch it strong1823 to come out strong1825 violin1895 repeat1923 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > be unimportant [verb (intransitive)] > be of little importance to be no great (some great, considerable, etc.) shakes1819 1816 Ld. Broughton Recoll. Long Life (1865) II. 2 W. said that a piece of sculpture there was ‘nullae magnae quassationes’, and the others laughed heartily.] 1819 T. Moore Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress (ed. 3) 41 Though no great shakes at learned chat. 1820 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 8 89 Ten years ago, the young Whig was ‘non sordidus auctor’, considerable shakes; but now they are all asses. 1820 Ld. Byron Let. 28 Sept. (1977) VII. 182 I had my hands full—and my head too just then,—so it can be no great shakes—I mean the play. 1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches I. 473 No great shakes at metre. 1876 R. Browning Pacchiarotto & Other Poems 69 This article, no such great shakes, Fizzes like wild fire? 1894 Cornhill Mag. June 564 Bannock can't hit a haystack at fifty yards, and I'm no great shakes. 1913 D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers x. 266 You think you're terrific great shakes, and that you live under the eternal insult of working in a factory. 1939 Sun (Baltimore) 8 Nov. 6/8 Women feel..that, no matter what poor shakes of wives they are, their husbands are blessed beyond their deserts in getting them. 1948 G. H. Johnston Death takes Small Bites vii. 159 He couldn't have been any great shakes as a driver because he didn't beat you by much. 1970 H. McLeave Question of Negligence xxiii. 191 I'm no great shakes at this modern dancing. 1976 Daily Mirror 18 Mar. 2/3 Sir Richard may not have been particularly great shakes. But he was never given much chance to show his paces. 8. In combination with adverb (substantive use of phrases: of shake v.: see also shakedown n., shake-out n.). shake-up: an act of shaking up or being shaken up, or the result of this; a thorough or drastic change or rearrangement; a disturbing or unsettling experience. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > sudden or complete change > [noun] leapc1000 lope14.. revolution?a1439 reverse?1492 metamorphosis1548 transformation1581 earthquake1592 upside down1593 metamorphose1608 sea-changea1616 peritropea1656 transilience1657 transiliency1661 saltus1665 catastrophe1696 peristrophe1716 transiliency1769 upheaving1821 upset1822 saltation1844 shake1847 upheaval1850 cataclysm1861 shake-out1939 virage1989 the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > [noun] > bringing into action > rousing to activity stirring1530 rousing?a1563 stirring?c1580 shake-up1847 shaking1866 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > [noun] > shaking-up shake-up1847 1847 J. S. Mill Lett. (1910) I. 131 To give that general shake-up to the torpid mind of the nation which the French Revolution gave to Continental Europe. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. ii. 258 Tom gave the prisoner a shake-up, took away his list, and stood him up on the floor. 1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xxxviii. 438 My nerves had hardly grown quiet after this affair when they got another shake-up,—one which utterly unmanned me for a moment. 1882 National Police Gaz. (U.S.) 18 Nov. 7/2 (heading) The Union Square Company has a matrimonial shake-up all around. 1899 R. H. Barbour Half-back vi. 59 There'll be a shake-up to-morrow... He's going to put Greer on the scrub to-morrow. 1903 Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 7/1 The Board has had a healthy ‘shake-up’. 1903 N.Y. Evening Post 16 Sept. Big Police Shake-up. Eight Captains Transferred by Greene. 1904 N.Y. Sun 7 Aug. 5 Looking wistfully across the street was a police captain who was in Commissioner McAdoo's recent shake-up. He had been transferred from a ‘fat’ to a ‘lean’ precinct. 1911 H. S. Harrison Queed xviii. 237 I see a kind of shake-up [in local politics] comin'. 1912 Contemp. Rev. Nov. 654 Indictments and bills in equity became the order of the day, and ‘probings’ and ‘shake-ups’ the common talk of business men. 1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xvi. 312 But, orl the same, Tubby boy, I reckons it's done us orl good ter 'ave a bit of a shake up like this 'ere [sc. a naval engagement]. 1938 E. Bowen Death of Heart iii. i. 325 I can't see that this change has done you harm. Nor the shake-up either; you were getting too quiet. 1962 E. Snow Other Side of River (1963) xxii. 165 ‘Rectification’, self-criticism, retraining and restudy among party and nonparty cadres are followed by shake-ups which affect millions. 1967 D. Pinner Ritual viii. 85 You didn't half give me a shake-up. 1969 Listener 27 Mar. 410/2 I read that BBC radio is due for a programme shake-up. 1970 ‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Cookie Bird iii. 35 It was sporting of your father to ask me. I can imagine what a shake-up it must have been, without taking me on as well. 1980 Christian Sci. Monitor 4 Dec. (Midwestern ed.) 4/1 As a result of the latest shake-up, which occurred at the party meeting, the political balance has shifted away from the conservatives. III. Something produced by shaking. 9. A natural cleft or fissure produced during growth or formation. a. in timber.For cup, heart, star, wind shake: see those words. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > cleft or shake lag1579 shake1651 heart shake1802 ring shake1868 gum-shake1887 the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > breaking or cracking > [noun] > a crack or breach chinec888 bruche?a1300 crevice1382 scar1390 scorec1400 rimea1425 riftc1425 riving1440 creekc1480 brack1524 rive1527 bruise1530 crack1530 chink1545 chap1553 riff1577 chop1578 chinker1581 coane1584 fraction1587 cranice1603 slifter1607 fracture1641 shake1651 snap1891 1651 J. White Rich Cabinet 29 Get a streight piece of wood.., let it be free from knots, or shakes, then plain it. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Shakes,..the cracks or rents in a plank, occasioned by the sun or weather. 1851 Rural Cycl. IV. 178 Shake, a disease in trees, consisting of long splits up the stem. 1894 Times 31 Aug. 3/5 Yellow pine, without a single knot, shake, or other blemish in its whole surface. b. in rock, mineral strata, etc. water shake, one in which a stream empties itself. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > fissure or crack clinta1400 shake1747 grike1781 sun crack1831 mud-crack1853 shrinkage crack1867 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. L2 The Shaft was Sunk in a great and loose Shack of Chirts. 1771 E. Griffith Hist. Lady Barton I. 41 That same want of stability..like a shake in marble, runs thro' the whole block. 1802 J. Mawe Mineral. of Derbyshire iii. 38 In this limestone stratum are frequently found openings or caverns, which are commonly called shakes, or swallows. 1846 Mr. Blackland in J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 305 They..were as compact as when first moved by the plough, without even the appearance of a water shake or fissure. 1856 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 17 ii. 373 The more feeble springs that empty themselves..through some loose or porous soil, shakes in the rocks, or otherwise. 1894 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Shake, a thickening or ‘belly’ in a vein of lead ore..or the cavity sometimes found in such places. 10. plural. a. A set of barrel staves = shook n. U.S. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > strip of wood > for making casks or vessels > set of shook1796 shakes1820 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 207 (note) Empty casks are..taken to pieces, and the staves closely packed up in a cylindrical form, constituting what are called shakes or packs. 1841 R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 122 Shakes, the staves of hogs~heads taken apart. b. Pieces of split timber, a kind of shingles. Also singular when attributive and in other combinations (see sense Compounds 1 below). Chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > piece split off shidec725 sprendle1465 split1617 shakes1772 1772 Tillinghast & Holroyd Let. 23 Nov. in Commerce of Rhode Island (1914) I. 420 We herewith send you all the Shakes we can yet get in. 1845 C. Mathews Writ. I. 164 in R. H. Thornton Amer. Gloss. (at cited word) A..house, shingled with what they call ‘shakes’ all over the West and Southwest. 1893 Advance (Chicago) 16 Mar. By and by..shakes can be split for a roof, and fastened on. 1939 I. Baird Waste Heritage xviii. 240 Weathered barns with the lichen growing on the shakes. 1964 L. Linton Of Days & Driftwood ix. 51 The first place of worship was a very small building of shakes. 1977 Telegraph (Brisbane) 20 Dec. 36/5 Shakes are hand split and have a rustic appearance. 1982 Times 26 Jan. 11/3 The design of these shakes was identical to that of the traditional oak shakes used in England for many centuries. 11. Printing. (See quot. 1888.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [noun] > blur or smudge monk1683 mackle1706 slur1770 macule1841 shake1888 workup1948 hickey1961 1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 122 Shake, a slur on a printed sheet through some defect in the impression. 12. (See quot. 1909.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > milk drinks > [noun] rice milk1620 whig1684 leban1695 saloop1728 sack-whey1736 celery whey1761 mustard whey1769 wine whey1769 Scotch chocolate1785 whey-whig1811 chocolate milk1819 horchata1859 tamarind-whey1883 milk shake1886 Horlick1891 lassi1894 Ovaltine1906 shake1909 malt1942 malted1945 1909 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Shake,..short for milk shake or egg shake, etc., beverages of milk, or milk and egg, flavored and shaken thoroughly. Colloq., U.S. 1948 D. Ballantyne Cunninghams i. xxix. 146 You sat..sucking raspberry shakes through straws. 1953 E. Taylor Sleeping Beauty ix. 161 Sundaes, shakes, parfaits, whips, melbas. 1966 B. H. Deal Fancy's Knell iii. 44 ‘I'll have a burger too,’ the redhaired boy said. ‘And a shake.’ 1981 J. D. MacDonald Free Fall in Crimson x. 114 She sucked up the shake. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 10b.) shake cabin n. ΚΠ 1885 L. W. Spring Kansas v. 64 Big Springs in the autumn of 1855 was a place of four or five shake-cabins and log-huts. 1967 M. Craven I heard Owl (1968) v. 36 Old Marta was there and the girl called Keetah, and the two small children.., come from the shake cabins to pick blueberries. shake house n. ΚΠ 1857 Lawrence (Kansas Territory) Republican 9 July 3 You are always welcome to his log or shake house. shake roof n. ΚΠ 1947 Michigan Hist. June 178 It was a small log cabin with a shake roof. 1978 J. Hyams Pool vi. 68 It had..a steep moss-covered shake roof that turned green in the rain. shake shanty n. ΚΠ 1879 Atlantic Monthly Aug. 154/1 Every one of the frail shake shanties is a centre of destruction. b. shake-maker n. ΚΠ 1901 J. Muir Our National Parks ix. 298 I found many shake-makers at work in it, access to these magnificent woods having been made easy by the old mill wagon road. c. shake-sided adj. ΚΠ 1970 J. Hansen Fadeout i. 8 The overhang of a shake-sided cabana. C2. shake-bog n. a bog which shakes or quakes when trodden upon. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > quaking bog mizzyc1400 quawa1500 quick-mire1509 quavemire1530 quallmire1553 quamire1555 quagmire1566 quakemire1577 gog-mire1583 quag1589 quabmire1597 quadmire1610 bog-mire1624 bumby1632 quick1648 trembling bog1697 shake-bog1815 quake1896 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 600 That kind of bog called the shake-bog. shake culture n. a culture n. 3 in which the organisms are distributed through the medium by a gentle shake. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > material > [noun] > culture or medium culture1880 blood culture1881 cultivation1881 culture medium1883 pure culture1883 agar1885 broth1885 subculture1885 tube-culture1886 bouillon1887 stab-culture1889 streak culture1892 blood agar1893 microculture1893 shake culture1894 streak plate1895 broth culture1897 slant1899 plating1900 stock culture1903 touch preparation1908 tissue culture1912 plaque1924 slope1925 agar-agar1929 isolate1931 MacConkey1938 auxanogram1949 lawn1951 monolayer1952 replica plate1952 1894 E. Klein in Brit. Med. Jrnl. 13 Oct. 799/1 It does not form gas bubbles in gelatine shake cultures. shake dancer n. slang (see quot. 1968). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > erotic dancing > [noun] > dancer belly dancer1893 torso-tosser1927 bubble dancer1934 shake dancer1956 1956 ‘B. Holiday’ & W. Dufty Lady sings Blues x. 111 A shake dancer with her pimp. 1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman xi. 102 I was..assigned..to the women entertainers. They were known as ‘shake dancers’... The art consisted of shaking bare or almost bare breasts to music. 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 2 Oct. 21/5 She becomes a shake-dancer and B-girl. shake dance n. [as a back-formation] ΚΠ 1968 J. Lock Lady Policeman xi. 102 Her daughter..did bare-breasted shake dances. shake-hole n. (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > pot-hole or swallow-hole water sink1553 swallow1610 swallow-hole1660 estuary1665 swallet1668 cockpit1683 sinkhole1772 sink1791 pot1797 water-swallow1811 shake-hole1823 pothole1826 fleet-hole1839 spout hole1849 katavothron1869 ponor1890 sump1951 1823 W. Buckland Reliq. Diluvianæ 6 (note) Open fissures, locally called shake-holes, or swallow-holes, from their swallowing up the streams that cross the limestone districts. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Shack-hole, a hollow in the ground, resembling a funnel, which receives the surface water. shake music n. (see quot. 1942). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > [noun] > other general types country music1585 water musicc1660 concert music1776 eye music1812 ballet music1813 night music1832 absolute music1856 Tafelmusik1880 Ars Antiqua1886 Ars Nova1886 early music1886 tone poetry1890 mood music1922 Gebrauchsmusik1930 shake music1935 modernistic1938 industrial1942 spasm music1943 musica reservata1944 protest music1949 night music1950 palm court music1958 title music1960 bottleneck guitar1961 rinky-tink1962 Schrammel-musik1967 sweet music1967 chutney1968 roots music1969 electronica1980 multiphonics1983 chutney soca1987 chiptune1992 1935 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Nov. 71/3 The savagery of their rhythm calls forth the terms ‘shake music’ and ‘jungle music’. 1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §579/1 Syncopated music; jazz... Shake music, a savage style similar to ‘jungle music’. shake wave n. = S wave at S n.¹ 6. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] > earthquake > seismic wave wave1761 earth wave1848 body wave1900 S wave1908 shear wave1936 shake wave1944 1929 H. Jeffreys Earth (ed. 2) vi. 86 The type (9) are called the longitudinal, irrotational, condensational, primary, or P waves; (10) and (11) the transverse, distortional, equivoluminal, secondary, or S waves. Prof. H. H. Turner has very appropriately called them the ‘push’ and the ‘shake’.] 1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xvii. 369 The S or ‘shake’ waves are distortional waves, in which each particle vibrates at right angles to the direction of propagation. 1969 Daily Tel. 2 Sept. 12 Seismic records obtained so far from the landing site show the absence of the so-called ‘shake-waves’. shake willey n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > [noun] > separating or cleaning > separating or cleaning with machine > machine picker1795 wool-mill1819 blowing-machine1835 willow1835 willy1835 twilly1858 blower1867 wilger1871 shake willey1875 wolf1875 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Shake-willy (Cotton-manufacture), a willy or willowing machine for cleaning cotton, preparatory to carding. shake willow n. a machine used in the preparation of cotton and wool (see quot. 1884). ΚΠ 1884 W. S. B. McLaren Spinning Woollen & Worsted 181 In order..to shake loose any matted pieces, the wool is usually passed through a shake willey or willow. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022). shaken.² Brit. /ʃeɪk/, U.S. /ʃeɪk/ Etymology: Short for shake-rag n. (Compare shack n.²) slang and dialect. A disreputable person. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > baseness > base person > [noun] houndOE hinderlingc1175 whelpc1330 vilec1400 beasta1425 dog bolt1465 shake-rag1571 vassal1589 brock1607 shag-rag1611 shack-rag1612 slubberdegullion1612 baseling1618 shag1620 shab1637 slabberdegullion1653 whiffler1659 hang-dog1693 reptile1697 Nobodaddyc1793 skunk1816 spalpeen1817 tiger1827 soap-lock1840 shake1846 white mouse1846 sweep1853 shuck1862 whiffmagig1871 scrubber1876 ullage1901 jelly bean1905 heel1914 dirty dog1928 crud1932 crut1937 klunk1942 crudball1968 scumbag1971 bawbag1999 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > condition of being held in contempt > [noun] > state or quality of being contemptible > contemptible person wormc825 wretchOE thingOE hinderlingc1175 harlot?c1225 mixa1300 villain1303 whelpc1330 wonnera1340 bismera1400 vilec1400 beasta1425 creaturec1450 dog bolt1465 fouling?a1475 drivel1478 shit1508 marmoset1523 mammeta1529 pilgarlica1529 pode1528 slave1537 slim1548 skit-brains?1553 grasshopper1556 scavenger1563 old boss1566 rag1566 shrub1566 ketterela1572 shake-rag1571 skybala1572 mumpsimus1573 smatchetc1582 squib1586 scabship1589 vassal1589 baboon1592 Gibraltar1593 polecat1593 mushroom1594 nodc1595 cittern-head1598 nit1598 stockfish1598 cum-twang1599 dish-wash1599 pettitoe1599 mustard-token1600 viliaco1600 cargo1602 stump1602 snotty-nose1604 sprat1605 wormling1605 brock1607 dogfly?1611 shag-rag1611 shack-rag1612 thrum1612 rabbita1616 fitchock1616 unworthy1616 baseling1618 shag1620 glow-worm1624 snip1633 the son of a worm1633 grousea1637 shab1637 wormship1648 muckworm1649 whiffler1659 prig1679 rotten egg1686 prigster1688 begged fool1693 hang-dog1693 bugger1694 reptile1697 squinny1716 snool1718 ramscallion1734 footer1748 jackass1756 hallion1789 skite1790 rattlesnake1791 snot1809 mudworm1814 skunk1816 stirrah1816 spalpeen1817 nyaff1825 skin1825 weed1825 tiger1827 beggar1834 despicability1837 squirt1844 prawn1845 shake1846 white mouse1846 scurf1851 sweep1853 cockroach1856 bummer1857 medlar1859 cunt1860 shuck1862 missing link1863 schweinhund1871 creepa1876 bum1882 trashbag1886 tinhorn1887 snot-rag1888 rodent1889 whelpling1889 pie eatera1891 mess1891 schmuck1892 fucker1893 cheapskate1894 cocksucker1894 gutter-bird1896 perisher1896 skate1896 schmendrick1897 nyamps1900 ullage1901 fink1903 onion1904 punk1904 shitepoke1905 tinhorn sport1906 streeler1907 zob1911 stink1916 motherfucker1918 Oscar1918 shitass1918 shit-face1923 tripe-hound1923 gimp1924 garbage can1925 twerp1925 jughead1926 mong1926 fuck?1927 arsehole1928 dirty dog1928 gazook1928 muzzler1928 roach1929 shite1929 mook1930 lug1931 slug1931 woodchuck1931 crud1932 dip1932 bohunkus1933 lint-head1933 Nimrod1933 warb1933 fuck-piga1935 owl-hoot1934 pissant1935 poot1935 shmegegge1937 motheree1938 motorcycle1938 squiff1939 pendejo1940 snotnose1941 jerkface1942 slag1943 yuck1943 fuckface?1945 fuckhead?1945 shit-head1945 shite-hawk1948 schlub1950 asswipe1953 mother1955 weenie1956 hard-on1958 rass hole1959 schmucko1959 bitch ass1961 effer1961 lamer1961 arsewipe1962 asshole1962 butthole1962 cock1962 dipshit1963 motherfuck1964 dork1965 bumhole1967 mofo1967 tosspot1967 crudball1968 dipstick1968 douche1968 frickface1968 schlong1968 fuckwit1969 rassclaat1969 ass1970 wank1970 fecker1971 wanker1971 butt-fucker1972 slimeball1972 bloodclaat1973 fuckwad1974 mutha1974 suck1974 cocksuck1977 tosser1977 plank1981 sleazebag1981 spastic1981 dweeb1982 bumboclaat1983 dickwad1983 scuzzbag1983 sleazeball1983 butt-face1984 dickweed1984 saddie1985 butt plug1986 jerkweed1988 dick-sucker1989 microcephalic1989 wankstain1990 sadster1992 buttmunch1993 fanny1995 jackhole1996 fassyhole1997 fannybaws2000 fassy2002 1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ Swell's Night Guide (new ed.) 36 Many of the Haymarket shakes frequent this lumber. 1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 89 Shake, a disreputable man or woman. North. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). shakev. Brit. /ʃeɪk/, U.S. /ʃeɪk/ Forms: Past tense shook /ʃʊk/; past participle shaken /ˈʃeɪk(ə)n/. Forms: infinitive Old English sceacan, scacan, Middle English sceki, sceky, sake, scheken, schek(e, Middle English scake, ssake, schak(e, sshake, (Middle English schac, scha(a)k, s(c)haken, Middle English schakyn), Middle English–1500s schake, 1500s Scottish scha(i)k, 1700s–1800s Scottish and dialect shack, Middle English– shake. past tense Old English sceóc, scóc, Middle English scoc, scok(e, ssoc, ssok, Middle English schok, choke, Middle English schook, Middle English–1500s schoke, Scottish schuk(e, Middle English–1600s (1800s dialect) shoke, (Middle English shok, shuke), 1500s–1600s shooke, (1500s showke, Scottish schuik, 1500s, 1800s sheuk), 1800s dialect shu(c)k, northern shuik, Middle English– shook. β. Middle English shakid, Middle English shakyd, 1500s schaked, shakte, 1500s–1600s shakt, shak't, 1800s dialect shacked, sha(c)kt, shakked, Scottish and northern shaket, shakit, Middle English–1800s shaked, 1500s–1800s shak'd. γ. Middle English scæken (plural). past participle Old English sceacen, scacen, scæcen, Middle English schaken, ( yshaken), s(c)hakun, schake, Middle English–1500s shake, Middle English i-sake, Middle English–1500s Scottish schakyn, 1500s–1600s Scottish scha(i)kin, 1500s Scottish shaikne, shacken, shakken, Middle English– shaken. β. Middle English schacked, 1500s–1600s shak'd, shakt, 1500s shakte, 1600s shak't, 1800s dialect shacked, shakked, shak't, 1500s– shaked. γ. (1500s shooken), 1600s shooke, 1800s dialect shock, shooken, shookt, shu(c)k, -en, Scottish sheuken, shooken, 1600s– shook. Etymology: Old English scacan strong verb (scóc, scacen) corresponds to Old Saxon skakan to depart (once only, in past tense skôk), modern Frisian dialects (Sylt) skaake, (Föhr) skaaki to push, displace, Low German schacken to shake, Old Norse skaka (skók, skekinn) to shake (Swedish skaka) < Germanic skakan. (Not found in Gothic or in High German; the Old High German gloss ‘untschachondes, fluctivagi’ seems to prove the existence of a derivative verb scachôn to wander.) Outside Germanic the only probable cognate is Sanskrit khaj to agitate, churn (khaja, khajā a churn). †I. To journey, depart, and related uses. 1. intransitive. A poetical word for: To go, pass, move, journey; to flee, depart. Said of persons and things, and both in physical and non-physical senses. Also with away, forth, down. Obsolete.It is not clear that the notion of rapidity of movement, which may be found in some of the examples, is other than merely contextual. ΘΚΠ society > travel > [verb (intransitive)] nimeOE becomec885 teec888 goeOE i-goc900 lithec900 wendeOE i-farec950 yongc950 to wend one's streetOE fare971 i-wende971 shakeOE winda1000 meteOE wendOE strikec1175 seekc1200 wevec1200 drawa1225 stira1225 glidea1275 kenc1275 movec1275 teemc1275 tightc1275 till1297 chevec1300 strake13.. travelc1300 choosec1320 to choose one's gatea1325 journeyc1330 reachc1330 repairc1330 wisec1330 cairc1340 covera1375 dressa1375 passa1375 tenda1375 puta1382 proceedc1392 doa1400 fanda1400 haunta1400 snya1400 take?a1400 thrilla1400 trace?a1400 trinea1400 fangc1400 to make (also have) resortc1425 to make one's repair (to)c1425 resort1429 ayrec1440 havea1450 speer?c1450 rokec1475 wina1500 hent1508 persevere?1521 pursuec1540 rechec1540 yede1563 bing1567 march1568 to go one's ways1581 groyl1582 yode1587 sally1590 track1590 way1596 frame1609 trickle1629 recur1654 wag1684 fadge1694 haul1802 hike1809 to get around1849 riddle1856 bat1867 biff1923 truck1925 the world > movement > progressive motion > move along [verb (intransitive)] goeOE lithec900 nimOE fare971 shakeOE strikea1000 gangOE gengOE seekc1000 glidea1275 wevec1300 hove1390 drevea1400 sway?a1400 wainc1540 discoursea1547 yede1563 trot1612 to get along1683 locomove1792 locomote1831 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] wendeOE i-wite971 ashakec975 shakeOE to go awayOE witea1000 afareOE agoOE atwendOE awayOE to wend awayOE awendOE gangOE rimeOE flitc1175 to fare forthc1200 depart?c1225 part?c1225 partc1230 to-partc1275 biwitec1300 atwitea1325 withdrawa1325 to draw awayc1330 passc1330 to turn one's (also the) backc1330 lenda1350 begonec1370 remuea1375 voidc1374 removec1380 to long awaya1382 twinc1386 to pass one's wayc1390 trussc1390 waive1390 to pass out ofa1398 avoida1400 to pass awaya1400 to turn awaya1400 slakec1400 wagc1400 returnc1405 to be gonea1425 muck1429 packc1450 recede1450 roomc1450 to show (a person) the feetc1450 to come offc1475 to take one's licence1475 issue1484 devoidc1485 rebatea1500 walka1500 to go adieua1522 pikea1529 to go one's ways1530 retire?1543 avaunt1549 to make out1558 trudge1562 vade?1570 fly1581 leave1593 wag1594 to get off1595 to go off1600 to put off1600 shog1600 troop1600 to forsake patch1602 exit1607 hence1614 to give offa1616 to take off1657 to move off1692 to cut (also slip) the painter1699 sheera1704 to go about one's business1749 mizzle1772 to move out1792 transit1797–1803 stump it1803 to run away1809 quit1811 to clear off1816 to clear out1816 nash1819 fuff1822 to make (take) tracks (for)1824 mosey1829 slope1830 to tail out1830 to walk one's chalks1835 to take away1838 shove1844 trot1847 fade1848 evacuate1849 shag1851 to get up and get1854 to pull out1855 to cut (the) cable(s)1859 to light out1859 to pick up1872 to sling one's Daniel or hook1873 to sling (also take) one's hook1874 smoke1893 screw1896 shoot1897 voetsak1897 to tootle off1902 to ship out1908 to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909 to push off1918 to bugger off1922 biff1923 to fuck off1929 to hit, split or take the breeze1931 to jack off1931 to piss offa1935 to do a mick1937 to take a walk1937 to head off1941 to take a hike1944 moulder1945 to chuff off1947 to get lost1947 to shoot through1947 skidoo1949 to sod off1950 peel1951 bug1952 split1954 poop1961 mugger1962 frig1965 society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] to come awayeOE wendeOE i-wite971 ashakec975 shakeOE to go awayOE witea1000 afareOE agoOE awayOE dealc1000 goOE awendOE rimeOE to go one's wayOE flitc1175 depart?c1225 partc1230 to-partc1275 atwitea1325 withdrawa1325 to turn one's (also the) backc1330 lenda1350 begonec1370 remuea1375 removec1380 to long awaya1382 twinc1386 to pass one's wayc1390 trussc1390 to turn awaya1400 returnc1405 to be gonea1425 recede1450 roomc1450 to come offc1475 to take one's licence1475 issue1484 walka1500 to go adieua1522 pikea1529 avaunt1549 trudge1562 vade?1570 discoast1571 leave1593 wag1594 to go off1600 troop1600 hence1614 to set on one's foota1616 to pull up one's stumps1647 quit1811 to clear out1816 slope1830 to walk one's chalks1835 shove1844 to roll out1850 to pull out1855 to light out1859 to take a run-out powder1909 to push off (also along)1923 OE Andreas (1932) 1594 [Hi] gewiton mid þy wæge in forwyrd sceacan under eorþan grund. OE Beowulf 1803 Ða com beorht scacan [scima sceadwa] ofer. OE Beowulf 3118 Þonne stræla storm..scoc ofer scildweall. a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 992 Ða sceoc he on niht fram þære fyrde him sylfum to mycclum bismore. a1220 Bestiary 264 Ðe mire..suneð it and sakeð forð, so it same were. a1220 Bestiary 660. a1300 Childhood Jesus 1387 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1875) 46 Þo Josep was fram him i-schake. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7084 Out of his abite he hym schok. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 217 Symoun did doun schake [to the king's side]. 1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 323 With þam away þei schoke. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 928 Duke Rolant..saw hymen awayward schake. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21228 Quider-ward sum-euer he scok. c1400 Siege Jerusalem (1932) 18/315 Clerkes & comens of contrees aboute, Wer schacked to þat cite. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiv. l. 282 And whanne Of his Swowneng tho he Awook, Anon there Into A Sadel he Schook. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Merlin (1904) I. l. 2744 Grete diches we scholen here make, Wherthorwgh this water schal forth Schake. ?c1475 Hunt. Hare 66 To the town the husbond wentt, As fast as he myght schake. 15.. Wedding of Syr Gawene 741 in Syr Gawayne (Bannatyne Club) 298 Syr Gawen rose, and in his hand he toke His fayr lady, and to the dore he shoke. II. To vibrate irregularly, tremble. 2. a. Of things having more or less freedom of movement: To move irregularly and quickly to and fro, up and down, or from side to side; to quiver, quake, vibrate, waver. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (intransitive)] > shake quakeeOE bivec888 shakec950 reseOE aquetcha1000 divera1225 quavec1225 quetchc1275 squetchc1330 tremblec1374 waga1398 roga1400 shaga1400 quashc1400 shatter1533 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xi. 7 Huæt eada ge in uoestern gesea gerd from uinde sceæcende. c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 605 The slakke skyn aboute his nekke shaketh. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 443/2 Schakyn or qwakyn.., tremo. Schakyn or waveryn, vacillo. a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. C.vj^v, in Whole Wks. (1587) Her Maiestie came by a close Arbor,..and whiles Siluanus pointed to the same, the principall bush shaked. 1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 62 Her Wings..upon the Ingress of the air shoke very much. 1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 129 The full concerto swells upon your ear; All elbows shake. 1800 W. Wordsworth Pet-lamb in Lyrical Ballads (ed. 2) II. 139 His tail with pleasure shook. 1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) 70 The long light shakes across the lakes. 1863 H. W. Longfellow Musician's Tale ii. xiv, in Tales Wayside Inn 78 While the rifted Streamers o'er him shook and shifted. 1872 C. S. Calverley Fly Leaves 65 The mighty pine forests which shake In the wind. b. Nautical. Of a sail: To shiver, vibrate, flutter. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > shake or flap (of sails) shake1769 shiver1769 flog1839 slat1840 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Suppl. Shivering, the state of a sail when it shakes or flutters in the wind. 1846 Codrington in Ld. Nelson Disp. & Lett. (1846) VII. 154 (note) She kept her starboard and lee studding-sails set and shaking. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To shake in the wind. †c. Of a person or animal: To throw oneself or one's limbs about. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > move irregularly or be agitated [verb (intransitive)] > roll or tumble about > of persons or animals wallowc900 welter?a1400 rollc1405 wamblec1420 rumble?1516 tolter1529 shake1538 worblea1599 flounder1735 tousle1852 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Succusso, to shake as a horse doth whan he trotteth. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Iacter,..to swing, tosse, tumble, or shake vp and downe. 3. a. Of things normally stable or still: To vibrate irregularly, tremble, either as a whole or in its parts, as the result of impact or disturbance of equilibrium. Hence, to totter, lose stability, become weakened. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > unsteady movement > move unsteadily [verb (intransitive)] > totter shake1297 waive1338 wagc1340 falterc1386 waverc1440 branglea1522 totterc1522 wave1538 swerve1573 nod1582 tittera1618 cockle1634 labascate1727 teeter1904 oversway1994 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4241 Al þe hul mid þe vallinge ssoc. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19211 And in þat erth-din þar scok, þe haligast eft-sith þai tok. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) ix. 217 The trompettes..sowned soo sore that the chambre where as he laye shoke of it. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1508 The starry heuyn, me thought, shoke with the showte. 1534 J. Heywood Play of Loue sig. Biv And therwithall I fet a sygh such one As made the forme shake which we both sat on. 1605 1st Pt. Jeronimo sig. E Now Spaine sit firme, ile make thy towers shake. 1637 J. Milton Comus 27 The brute Earth would lend her nerves, and shake. ?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 197 He ended; and the kebars sheuk, Aboon the chorus roar. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. xv. 299 The postern gate shakes,..it crashes—it is splintered by his blows. 1842 R. H. Barham Sir Rupert in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 41 From base to turret the castle shook. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 171 So..that a man far-off might well perceive..The hard earth shake. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Voyage ii We felt the good ship shake and reel. b. figurative. Of a person: To lose firmness. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > be irresolute or vacillate [verb (intransitive)] > waver flecchec1300 waverc1315 remue1340 shake1340 flitc1386 flow1434 falter1521 flitter1543 to waver as, like, with the wind1548 rove1549 float1598 jarga1614 give ground1662 weaken1876 unbend1877 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 116 Make oure herten ueste and stedeuest þet hi ne ssake uor none uondynge þet to hare comþ. c. Of a band of persons: To become unsteady, to reel, give way. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defeat > be defeated [verb (intransitive)] > waver fremishc1425 reela1470 shake1489 stagger1544 result1587 shog1644 waver1831 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) ii. 380 And in the stour sa hardyly He ruschyt, that all the semble schuk. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. vi. sig. E2^v The great bodie of them beginning to shake, and stagger. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 611 The pikes of the rebel battalions began to shake; the ranks broke. 4. a. Of a person, his body, limbs, etc.: To quake or tremble with physical infirmity or disease; to quiver with emotion; to shiver with cold, to quake with fear. to shake in one's shoes: to tremble with fear. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (intransitive)] > tremble or quiver > with cold, infirmity, or emotion quakeOE shiverc1250 shakea1398 totterc1400 cowther1599 earn1611 frill1671 to shake out1843 a1100 Aldhelm Glosses in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) i. 4160 Exhorruit, ofscoc.] a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. clxxxv. 1082 Þe dronkelewe mannes..hondes trembleþ and schakeþ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3565 Quen þat sua bicums ald..þe heued biginnes for to scak. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxiv. 528 He shoke all for fere. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 161 He shoke all for angre. 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades x. 183 He stoode so tremblingly, That one full wel might heare his teeth togither so to shake. 1615 R. Cocks Diary (1883) I. 31 And about midnight..my frend came home againe, shaking every joint of hym. a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iv. iv. 629 Why shak'st thou so? Feare not (man). View more context for this quotation 1733 A. Pope Impertinent 16 I sweat, I fly, And shake all o'er, like a discover'd Spy. 1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 229 He shakes with cold. 1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 497 This is quite enough to make Corruption and all her tribe shake in their shoes. 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lviii. 524 Was that she? He began to shake at the mere possibility. 1873 Punch 15 Mar. 107/2 It had set the whole Liberal party ‘shaking in its shoes’. 1909 Mrs. H. Ward Daphne iv. 90 Her small frame shook with weeping. b. To be convulsed with laughter. Cf. 11c. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > types of laughter > laugh in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > laugh convulsively or immoderately chuckle1598 to split (also break, burst, etc.) one's sides1598 to die with, or of laughing1609 to hold one's sides1609 to laugh till (also until) one cries1611 split1688 to burst one's sides1712 shake1729 to shake one's sides1736 to laugh oneself sick (also silly)1773 roll1819 to laugh one's head off1871 to break up1895 to fall about1918 pee1946 1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) i. 20 Whether thou chuse Cervantes' serious air, Or laugh and shake in Rab'lais easy Chair. 1749 S. Johnson Vanity Human Wishes 7 How wouldst thou shake at Britain's modish Tribe. 1905 F. Young Sands of Pleasure ii. ii If the whole of France is shaking with the antics of Venus, the whole heavens are shaking with laughter. III. To cause to vibrate, agitate. 5. a. transitive. To brandish or flourish threateningly (a weapon or something used as a weapon); †to wield. Also, to flourish, wave (something) in ostentation or triumph. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > move in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > flourish or brandish shakec1000 stirc1275 wagc1300 brandisha1340 flourishc1384 swinga1400 swinglec1450 ruffle?1562 sweak1567 vambrash1577 sway1590 swinge1605 to fetch about1609 wave1609 wheel1617 evibrate1654 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > use or wield (a weapon) [verb (transitive)] > brandish shakec1000 wevec1325 brandisha1340 flourishc1384 toss1590 wave1609 c1000 MS. Bodl. 577 lf. 63 b Macheram stricto mucrone uibrabat, gloss sceoc. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13217 Heo scæken [c1300 Otho toke] on heore honden speren swiðe stronge. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 885 Schaftes þai gun schake. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxxi. 321 He shoke the swerd to the kynge. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 185 A picture of woode, that coulde shake a speare, and rolle the eyes. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. v. 89 Go thou toward home, where I wil neuer come, Whilst I can shake my sword. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 492 And over them triumphant Death his Dart Shook, but delaid to strike. View more context for this quotation 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 382. ⁋1 The Prince.. shaked a Cane at the Officer. 1813 W. Scott Rokeby i. 5 Conscience..calls her furies forth, to shake The sounding scourge and hissing snake. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xx. 4 ‘Take heed, Oliver! take heed!’ said the old man, shaking his right hand before him in a warning manner. 1862 W. Collins Basil iii. vi He has no marriage-certificate to shake over our heads, at any rate. 1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xlvii. 72 And the people passing by Stop to shake their fists and curse. b. figurative. Chiefly in phrases. †to shake boast: to boast, swagger. to shake the feather: see feather n. 8b. more than you can shake a stick at (and vars.): more than one can count, a considerable amount or number (colloquial, originally and chiefly U.S.). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > boasting or boastfulness > boast [verb (intransitive)] yelpc888 kebc1315 glorify1340 to make avauntc1340 boast1377 brag1377 to shake boastc1380 glorya1382 to make (one's) boastc1385 crackc1470 avaunt1471 glaster1513 voust1513 to make (one's or a) vauntc1515 jet?1521 vaunt?1521 crowa1529 rail1530 devauntc1540 brave1549 vaunt1611 thrasonize1619 vapour1629 ostentate1670 goster1673 flourish1674 rodomontade1681 taper1683 gasconade1717 stump1721 rift1794 mang1819 snigger1823 gab1825 cackle1847 to talk horse1855 skite1857 to blow (also U.S. toot) one's own horn1859 to shoot off one's mouth1864 spreadeagle1866 swank1874 bum1877 to sound off1918 woof1934 to shoot a line1941 to honk off1952 to mouth off1958 blow- the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > impossible to number [phrase] out of numberc1325 without numberc1325 out of all scotch and notch1589 more than you can shake a stick at1818 c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3645 After hym folwede & schoke bost xxx^ti þowsant on an host. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lix Thou shakest boste [L. jactas] ofte of hir foly in vayne. 1818 Lancaster (Pa.) Jrnl. 5 Aug. 3/1 We have in Lancaster as many Taverns as you can shake a stick at. 1826 J. C. Neal Peter Brush I've..got more black eyes..than you could shake a stick at. 1835 D. Crockett Col. Crockett's Tour Down East 87 This was a temperance house, and there was nothing to treat a friend to that was worth shaking a stick at. 1843 ‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase I. xii. 86 Our queen snake was..retiring, attended by more of her subjects than we even dared to shake a stick at. 1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. viii. 21 A reckless star Seemed shaking over him malific powers. 1904 J. C. Lincoln Cap'n Eri iv. 56 There's more Snows in Nantucket than you can shake a stick at. 1928 S. Lewis Man who knew Coolidge ii. 131 There was more posters and banners..than you could shake a stick at. 1939 L. M. Montgomery Anne of Ingleside xxi. 137 I had more beaus than you could shake a stick at. 1960 ‘E. McBain’ Give Boys Great Big Hand (1962) iv. 32 We get more damn cancellations than you can shake a stick at. 1982 Folio Spring 4 More consuls and dictators hanging from her family tree than a prudent man would shake a bundle of twigs at. 6. a. To move to and fro irregularly or tremulously, agitate (some part of the body); (of an animal) to ‘wag’ (its tail) (? obsolete); (of a bird) to flap, flutter (its wings) esp. as preparing to fly. Also said of a thing personified. Also with down, wide. ΚΠ OE Phoenix 144 Þonne swiað he ond hlyst gefeð, heafde onbrygdeð, þrist, þonces gleaw, ond þriwa ascæceð feþre flyhthwate.] a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5018 Þan schogs hire þe son-tree & schoke hire schire leues. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jer. li. 38 Thei schulen schake lockis, as the whelpis of liouns. 1486 Bk. St. Albans c viij b She..drawith booth her wyngys ouer the myddys of her boeke..and softely shakyth them. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. iv. sig. P7^v [Furor] Shakt his long locks..And bitt his tawny beard to shew his raging yre. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. xiv. 4 On Libanon at first his foote he set, And shooke his wings with roarie May-dewes wet. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 466 The Tawnie Lion..Rampant shakes his Brinded main. View more context for this quotation a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1657 (1955) III. 200 Rattle-snakes..swiftly vibrating & shaking theire tailes. 1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 192 Dorsain shook his grey locks—‘That's as much as to say our dancing days are past!’ added Antoine, observing it. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. v. 105 Shaking down a profusion of sable ringlets. a1822 P. B. Shelley Cyclops in Posthumous Poems (1824) 331 Shaking wide thy yellow hair. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. iv. iv. 194 He steps proudly along,..and shakes his black chevelure, or lion's-mane. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond II. i. 18 His cruel Goddess had shaken her wings and fled. 1909 J. G. Frazer Psyche's Task iv. 38 The sun-scorched stocks of the fruitless Indian corn shook their rustling leaves in the wind. b. to shake one's head: to turn the head slightly to one side and the other in sorrow or scorn, or to express disapproval, dissent or doubt. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > other gestures > [verb (intransitive)] > head gestures to shake one's heada1300 nodc1390 to tip a nod1861 a1300 Cursor Mundi 24503 On him mi hefd i scock, and said, ‘Vngretli, leif sun, er þou graid!’ c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1069 ‘Par fai, dame’, he saide, ‘no!’ And schok his heved vpon the quen. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 2344 And pitously he wep & shok his hed. c1400 Rom. Rose 3164 So cherlishly his heed he shook. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Ei And as he was thus saying he shaked his heade, & made a wrie mouth. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. ii. 25 Let's shake our heads, and say..We haue seene better dayes. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 120 The Learned Leaches in despair depart: And shake their Heads, desponding of their Art. View more context for this quotation 1743 J. Bulkeley & J. Cummins Voy. to South-seas 10 The Captain shook his Head, and said, Carpenter! that is not the Reason. 1808 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 161 It is he who now nods yes, or shakes no, while the ministers are speaking. a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. xi. 134 ‘No, I shan't!’ said Molly, shaking her head. 1897 M. Pemberton Queen of Jesters iv. 176 The Corsican shook his head, implying that he doubted. c. to shake one's ears: lit. of an animal, hence figurative of a person likened to an animal, (a) to wake up, bestir oneself; (b) to show indifference or dislike, pleasure in freedom, mirth, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin action or activity [verb (intransitive)] > bestir oneself arisec825 to start upc1275 stirc1275 shifta1400 awakea1450 to put out one's fins?1461 wake1523 to shake one's ears1580 rouse1589 bestira1616 awaken1768 arouse1822 waken1825 to wake snakes1835 roust1841 to flax round1884 to get busy1896 to get one's arse in gear1948 the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > manifest itself [verb (intransitive)] > other physical manifestation to shake one's ears1580 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 14^v Euphues..began to shake his eares, and was soone apparailed. 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie viii. 45 When Gods threatnings are vttered vnto vs a great many of vs do but shake our eares at them [Fr. beaucoup ne sont que secouër les aureilles]. 1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. Fiiij [Hounds] Shaking their scratcht-eares, bleeding as they go. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. i. 26 Then take we downe his Load, and turne him off (Like to the empty Asse) to shake his eares, And graze in Commons. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. iii. 121. 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iv. viii. 220 The Mountebanck shak'd his ears, (as if he drank base wine). a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) II. 42 Thriftie villagers Have long since shak'd their Ears. 1747 H. Walpole Let. 8 June in Corr. (1974) XXXVII. 271 How merry my ghost will be, and shake its ears to hear itself quoted as a person of consummate prudence! d. To wave (the hand) in farewell. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > gesturing or gesture > hand gesture > [verb (transitive)] > wave (the hand) shake1569 waft1604 wavea1616 1569 W. Hubbard Tragicall Hist. Ceyx & Alcione sig. Av She sawe him becking with his hand: And she likewise her hands did shake [Ovid: concussaque manu dantem sibi signa maritum prima videt, redditque notas]. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 364 [She] first her Husband on the Poop espies Shaking his Hand..; She took the Sign; and shook her Hand again. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxix. 246 Amelia..acknowledged her presence..by kissing and shaking her fingers playfully in the direction of the vehicle. e. to shake one's elbow: to gamble with dice. ΚΠ 1623 J. Webster Deuils Law-case ii. i This comes of your..Shaking your elbow at the Taule-boord. 1705 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. 26 Nov. (1885–6) I. 100 Money which..he squander'd away in shaking his Elbow. 1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius No. 10. 47 A famous gamester..was elected Margaret-professor of divinity: so great, it seems, is the analogy between dusting of cushions, and shaking of elbows. 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 498 Many good and great men have shook the elbow. f. to shake a foot, to shake a hoof (U.S.), to shake a leg (also, to hurry), to shake a toe, to shake one's bones, to shake feet, to shake heels, to shake a hough (Scottish), to shake shanks; also to shake it = to dance (Obsolete exc. U.S. Black English); also, to shake that thing. Also †transferred. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > [verb (intransitive)] frikec1000 sail1297 dancec1300 sault1377 tripc1386 balea1400 hopc1405 foota1425 tracec1425 sallyc1440 to dance a fita1500 fling1528 to tread a measure, a dance1577 trip1578 traverse1584 move1594 to shake heels1595 to shake it1595 firk1596 tripudiate1623 pettitoe1651 step1698 jink1718 to stand up1753 bejig1821 to toe and heel (it)1828 morris1861 hoof1925 terp1945 the world > action or operation > manner of action > rapidity or speed of action or operation > proceed rapidly [verb (intransitive)] > hasten or hurry hiec1250 skelta1400 hasty?a1425 hasten1534 festinate1652 to look sharp1680 to make play1799 hurry-scurry1809 to tumble up1826 crowd1838 rush1859 hurry1871 to get a move on1888 hurry and scurry1889 to buck up1890 to get a hump on1892 to get a wiggle on1896 to shake a leg1904 to smack it about1914 flurry1917 to step on it (her)1923 to make it snappy1926 jildi1930 to get an iggri on1946 ert- 1661 Thrac. Wonder ii. C 4 Son, set down thy Hook, and shake it lustily. 1670 J. Dryden & W. Davenant Shakespeare's Tempest iv. 61 Now wou'd I lay greatness aside, and shake my heels, if I had but Musick. 1828 J. Ruddiman Tales & Sketches 62 When he shakes his bowed houghs to the sound o' Rab Murray's creaking catgut. 1830 J. B. Buckstone Wreck Ashore ii. i Dance with? with me, to be sure; though I hav'n't shaken a toe these twenty years. 1842 S. Lover Handy Andy xvii They hav'nt a lilt to shake their bones to. 1848 Buffalo Gals (song) 3 I ax'd her would she hab a dance... I taught dat I might get a chance, To shake a foot wid her. 1850 W. M. Thackeray Mr. Malony's Acc. Ball x, in Punch 19 53 And I'd like to hear the pipers blow, And shake a fut with Fanny there! 1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Ten Years' Tenant v It would be positively indecent for a man at a hundred to shake a leg as merrily as a man at thirty. 1882 W. Besant All Sorts of Men II. xviii. 61 I explain that the stage is ready for them, if they like to act;..or the dancing-room, should they wish to shake a leg. 1884 D. Grant Lays & Legends of North 99 Resolved to shak' their heels,..In jigs and Highland reels. 1904 N.Y. World Mag. 1 May 6/3 Shake a leg..meaning to ‘hurry up’. 1927 Jrnl. Abnormal & Social Psychol. 22 16 ‘Shake it’, ‘shake that thing’, etc. Such expressions are very frequent in the blues. Ostensibly they refer to dancing, but they are really Negro vulgar expressions relating to coitus. 1927 S. Lewis Elmer Gantry xxv. 333 Come on, Reverend. I bet you can shake a hoof as good as anybody! The wife says she's gotta dance with you! 1935 F. M. Davis Black Man's Verse 34 Strut it in Harlem, let Fifth Avenue shake it slow Plink plank plink a plink. 1952 P. G. Wodehouse Barmy in Wonderland viii. 82 ‘Clean this place up.’.. ‘Yes, sir.’ ‘And shake a leg.’ 1967 M. C. Melnick in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 273/1 If you shake it, I'll buy you a diamond ring. 1595 tr. A. Banchieri Noblenesse of Asse sig. D3 Whereupon, he caused him with the rest, to be hanged by the neckes, and (as the common prouerbe is) sent them to shake their heeles against the winde.1611 G. Chapman May-day i. 10 Let her shake her heeles..I would make her shake her heeles too, afore I would shake mine thus. g. reflexive. Of a person or animal: To give a shake to his or its body (e.g. in order to throw off wet, snow, dust, etc., or to remove the stiffness caused by repose); figurative to bestir oneself, arouse oneself to activity. Also with complement, to shake oneself free, to shake oneself loose, to shake oneself awake, to shake oneself sober, and with const. from. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (reflexive)] > shake shake1390 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (reflexive)] > shake > shake clear of shake1390 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 75 Into an Egle he gan transforme after that himself he schok. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxiv. 497 He [sc. Bayard] shaked hymselfe for to make falle the water from hym. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lii. A Shake the [1611 shake thy selfe] from the dust, arise & stonde vp, o Ierusalem . 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. v, in Wks. (1851) II. 55 The regent saw the danger of allowing the duke to shake himself loose, in this manner, from his engagements. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) i, in Writings I. 3 ‘What's the matter?’ asked the watchman..surlily shaking himself. 1859 F. W. Farrar Julian Home xvii. 222 A large and fierce mastiff also shook himself from sleep. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner iii. 45 Just shake yourself sober and listen, will you? 1888 G. T. Stokes Ireland & Celtic Church (ed. 2) 153 The Roman Church determined at last to shake itself free from this thraldom. 1899 B. M. Dix Hugh Gwyeth xvi. 261 ‘'Twill be sunrise soon’, Hugh said, and shook himself awake. h. intransitive for reflexive. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (intransitive)] > shake > shake (oneself clear from) shake1893 1893 R. S. Ball Story of Sun 255 They shake clear from one surrounding group merely to ally themselves with another. 7. a. transitive. To cause to move irregularly to and fro by external force; to make to flutter or quiver; to agitate. Nautical. To cause (a sail) to flutter in the wind. Also with adverb, as about, abroad. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake reseeOE swengea1000 shakeOE stira1023 rogglea1398 bitaltc1400 rogc1400 shigc1440 warble1510 brangle1513 shatter1533 wap1570 goggle1576 esbrandill1588 concute1599 quakea1616 beshake1664 OE Exodus 176 Guðweard gumena grimhelm gespeon, cyning cinberge, (cumbol lixton), wiges on wenum, wælhlencan sceoc, het his hereciste healdan georne fæst fyrdgetrum. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 408 With many a tempest hadde his beerd been shake. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1762 Who so shoke a rynge, Ther no man is within, þe rynging to answere. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xv Whan they medowes be mowed..if the grasse be very thicke it wolde be shaken w^t handes or with a short picforke. 1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Matt. xi. 7 Went ye out to se a rede shaken with the wynde? ?c1570 Buggbears i. ii, in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Italian (1911) 94 Ther they shaked Iron chaynes. 1648 T. Hill Strength of Saints 5 It is clean water indeed, that when the glasse is shaked, there is no filth appeares. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Demetrius in Plutarch Lives (Rtldg.) 615/2 Bocchoris..ordered the man to tell the gold that she demanded into a bason, and shake it about before her, that she might enjoy the sight of it. 1797 G. Colman My Night-gown 26 When taken, To be well shaken. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab i. 11 The Queen Shaking the beamy reins Bade them [sc. the coursers of the air] pursue their way. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed xi, in Tales Crusaders II. 219 Genvil slowly unrolled the pennon—then shook it abroad. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 95 The glass of Time,..Every moment, lightly shaken, ran itself in golden sands. 1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows ii. vii. 96 At which we shook the sword within the sheath, Like heroes. c1860 H. Stuart Novices or Young Seaman's Catech. (rev. ed.) 41 Keeping the ship close to the wind without shaking the sails. slang.1788 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 2) To shake a cloth in the wind; to be hanged in chains. b. With additional notion of a purpose of dislodging or discharging something adhering or contained. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > the body or part of body shakec1386 shimmy1956 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > dislodge or remove by shaking > shake with purpose of shakec1386 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking > shake with purpose of removing a thing shake1530 c1386 G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale 922 She gan the hous to dighte,..Preyynge the chambreres..To hasten hem, and faste swepe and shake. 1388 J. Wyclif 2 Esdras [ Neh. ] v. 13 Y schook [1382 shakide out] my bosum, and Y seide, So God schake awei [1382 shake out] ech man, that fillith not this word. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 700/1 Shake the table clothe or you laye it on agayne. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iii. 7 And ere our comming see thou shake the bags Of hoording Abbots. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 56 You may..shake for Food the long abandon'd Oak. View more context for this quotation 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 499 Society, grown weary of the load, Shakes her encumber'd lap. 1847 Act 10 & 11 Victoria c. 89 §28 Every Person who beats or shakes any Carpet, Rug, or Mat. 8. a. To grasp or seize and move (a person) roughly to and fro; esp. (a) as a punishment or in a struggle; also in to shake by the beard or to shake by the ears.to shake a fall (Wrestling): see fall n.² 2b(b). ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > shake shakec1330 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > shake person as punishment shakec1330 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1823 [The wrestlers'] brestes to-gyder met;..Ilk oþer pulled, ilk oþer schok. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7509 And i..scok þam [sc. a bear and a lion] be þe berdes sua. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 126 And so they shoke and lugged eche other, but finably hercules cast theseus. ?1566 J. Phillip Commodye Pacient & Meeke Grissill sig. C.iv^v Jacke sauce I shake you by the eares. 1611 Bible (King James) Job xvi. 12 He hath also taken me by my necke, and shaken me to pieces. View more context for this quotation 1665 in Extracts State Papers (Friends' Hist. Soc.) (1912) 3rd Ser. 237 P. J...gript him and shakt him and tould him tythes should quickly be putt downe. 1795 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 805 Grim loon! he [sc. Death] gat me by the fecket, And sair me sheuk. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. vi. 97 Oliver..shook him in the violence of his rage till his teeth chattered in his head. 1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ii. vi. 390 Dr. May stepped towards her, almost as if he could have shaken her. (b) for the purpose of arousing him. Also transferred of an inanimate agency: To rouse or startle (a person from sleep). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > state of being awake > wake or rouse [verb (transitive)] > other ways of rousing braidc1400 shake1530 alarm1650 disentrance1663 to knock up1663 knock1706 row1789 cold-pig1834 hullabaloo1936 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > rouse by shaking shogc1440 shake1530 rumble1597 to shake up1850 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 706/1 I shake one that is aslepe tho [sic] wake him, je sace. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) ii. i. 324 I heard a humming,..which did awake me: I shak'd you Sir, and cride. View more context for this quotation 1728 J. Thomson Spring 50 Sudden he starts, Shook from his tender Trance. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. i. 23 Though he shake thee something roughly by the shoulders to awake thee. 1872 J. G. Holland Marble Prophecy 84 Silence thy strong pulse repeating Wakes me—shakes me—from my rest. b. Of an animal: To worry (its antagonist or prey). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (transitive)] > worry shake1565 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Excutio A lamme shaken in pieces. 1589 L. Wright Hunting of Antichrist 11 John Wicklif an eger bloudhound..so hunted and shaked that venemous Dragon in his time, as the woundes he gave him, coulde neuer yet be cured. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Goussepiller, to shake, or tug, as a Dog doth a Cat, &c. 1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 272 A mad dog..met two men, both of whom he shook and bit. 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. Shack, a word used in encouraging a curr-dog to worry a fox; ‘shack him!’ is the cry. c. To rouse up (an animal) to activity; to ‘shake up’ a horse (see to shake up 3 at Phrasal verbs); also absol. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > [verb (transitive)] > rouse horse shake1853 1853 G. J. Whyte-Melville Digby Grand xi This is the time to shake to the front, and cut down three of the best riders England can produce. 1904 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 346/2 A farmer buying a horse said, ‘Shack him over the stones, let's see if he's got a thistle in 'is toe.’ 9. To clasp and move to and fro (another person's hand) as a customary salutation or an expression of friendly feeling. a. to shake hands (said of two persons mutually saluting thus); also (of one person) to shake hands with (another): (a) as a greeting, sign of friendship or goodwill, confirmation of a promise, bargain, etc.; (of combatants) as a sign of the absence of ill-feeling. Also figurative, spec. in to shake hands with an old friend, to shake hands with the wife's best friend (colloquial), of men: to urinate. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > urinary system > urinate [verb (intransitive)] > man to shake hands with an old friend1952 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. xii. 12 Whervpon they shoke hondes [Gk. λαβόντες δεξιάς], and so they departed to their tentes. 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Lij^v That they maye shake handes with me. 1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 29 But both [combatants] be contented and shake handes. 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 52 And comming neer together, they [sc. wrestlers] shake hands, and embrace one another, with a cheerfull look. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 55 They shook Hands, and swore to one another that they would be reveng'd. 1826 H. N. Coleridge Six Months W. Indies 287 I would rather shake hands with a highwayman than with a gentleman who [etc.]. 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. v. 122 Let me see you shake hands, and let us have no more of this nonsense. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. xv. 135 ‘Sit down, sir,’ said Mr. Boffin, shaking hands with him. 1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert v. 48 Now we have shaken hands on the bargain. figurative.1565 W. Allen Def. & Declar. Doctr. Purgatory Pref. f. 20 I feare me they haue indented with deathe, and shaked handes withe helle.1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 i. iv. 103 Till our Henry had shooke hands with death.1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 588 (note) Resolve, that the Orient shall sooner shake hands with the West.1797 T. Holcroft tr. F. L. Stolberg Trav. II. lx. 367 Thus do..harvest and the..spring shake hands together.1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. x. 162 Here it was..that I first shook hands with sensuality.1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. i. iii. 33 Application and I, having once shaken hands, became very good acquaintance.1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 21 That famous son of Philip of Macedon, who with his conquering hosts caused the language of Socrates and Plato to shake hands with the sacred dialect [etc.].1952 M. Tripp Faith is Windsock iii. 44 ‘I'm going out for a crafty smoke; anyone coming?’ ‘Sure, I'll come... I want to shake hands with an old friend, anyway.’1965 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Sept. 812/2 Expressive Australianisms to describe this prosaic function;..pointing Percy at the porcelain, shaking hands with the wife's best friend, [etc.]. (b) as a farewell. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use formal courtesy in act or expression [verb (intransitive)] > bid farewell to take leavelOE to latch one's ease, one's leave1377 to take congee1377 fangc1400 adieua1500 to get one's leave?a1513 to take adieu (also farewell)1539 to shake hands1546 congeea1616 to give congeea1645 farewell1930 sayonara1949 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Eiv We shoke hands, and parted. 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 132 I holde it meet without more circumstance at all, Wee shake hands and part. 1826 H. N. Coleridge Six Months W. Indies 74 Having shaken hands with kind Antonio..we mounted our horses. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xxxix. 61 But thou and I have shaken hands, Till growing winters lay me low. View more context for this quotation figurative.1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) ii. xi. 186/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I It is the custome of the more idle sort, hauing once serued,..to shake hand with labour, for euer.1674 S. Vincent Young Gallant's Acad. 99 His word and his meaning are quadrate, and never shake hands and part.1742 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 386 I have long since shook hands with the world.1869 A. J. Evans Vashti xxxii. 440 A lonely woman, who has shaken hands with every earthly hope. b. to shake (a person's) hand, to shake (a person) by the hand = to shake hands with. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use courteous actions or expressions to [verb (transitive)] > greet or salute > shake hands with or a person's hand strain1518 wringa1535 to shake (a person's) hand1540 pumphandle1851 duke1865 pump1912 handshake1920 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus ii. iii. sig. Lij^v That they maye..shake me by the fyste. a1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) sig. Fj Let vs agree like friends, and shake eche other by the fist. 1567 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. iii. 231 With that he..shuik our handis twa. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. vi. 75 Let me shake thy hand, I neuer hated thee. View more context for this quotation 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 329. ¶15 He shook him by the Hand at Parting. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. v. 39 He shook Silas earnestly by the hand. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita I. xi. 357 The Dean gave me his first and second fingers to shake at our parting. c. absol. to shake = to shake hands. Now chiefly U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use formal courtesy in act or expression [verb (intransitive)] > greet > shake hands handshake1878 to shake1891 to press (the) flesh1918 a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 186 Let each man render me his bloody hand. First Marcus Brutus will I shake with you. View more context for this quotation] 1891 J. Newman Scamping Tricks vii. 59 Shake. That's right. 1903 F. Norris Deal in Wheat iv ‘Sold! Sold!’ shouted Hornung... Billy, shake on it. 1911 M. Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson xv. 228 ‘Are you going to die to-day, or not?’ ‘As a matter of fact, I am, but—’ ‘Shake!’.. Oover wrung the Duke's hand. 1927 Punch 20 Apr. 444/3 ‘Long may it flourish!’ said Roger, shaking vigorously. 1938 M. K. Rawlings Yearling vii. 61 ‘You got to promise..not to beat the very puddin' outen me after you've hunted him.’ ‘Shake.’ A hairy paw closed over Penny's hand. 1966 ‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 199 Tom..said, almost benignly, ‘Now shake!’ and they shook,..in the true spirit of eternal friendship. 1972 J. Gores Dead Skip viii. 55 He stood up, stuck out his hand... They shook. 10. a. To put into a quaking, quivering, or vibrating motion (a thing normally firm or fixed); to cause (a structure) to totter; hence, to impair the stability of, to weaken; occasionally †to loosen (something rooted). to shake down: to cause to totter and fall. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > unsteady movement > cause to move unsteadily [verb (transitive)] > cause to totter shakec1050 overswaya1586 totter1613 brandle1622 labefactate1645 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low > cause to totter and fall to shake downc1400 the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)] shake1569 enervate1667 shock1726 weaken1827 c1050 Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) 8 320 Þe þænne swyðlice þa heannyssa þæs roderes scecð mid his þodenum. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7259 Þe post þat al þat huse vpbare Wit bath his handes he it scok. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) v. 17 He tuke þe post in his armes and schoke doune all þe hous apon þam. 1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Successors Alexander iii. xi. 123 And with his great artillary [he] sore battered and shaked the Walles. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. lxxi. 146 With y^e other shot past, they had somwhat shaken their yron works. 1610 tr. Gaultier's Rodomontados E 2 A Bullet..fel into my mouth, shook two of my formost teeth, without iniury or offence vnto mee. 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 64 The Regent..by secret mining, and violent Batteries so shooke the Walls, that they agreed to yeild it up. 1685 R. Boyle Ess. Effects of Motion iii. 17 The tremulous motion of the Air..has been able sensibly to shake..the glass-windows of houses. 1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xv. 119 Jove..Shakes all the Thrones of Heav'n. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. lxxx. 105 Age shakes Athena's tower, but spares gray Marathon. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxviii. 133 Not less the yet-lov'd sire would..shake The pillars of domestic peace. View more context for this quotation 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ix. 63 A peal like that of thunder shook the air. 1869 H. F. Tozer Res. Highlands of Turkey I. 58 Parts of two monasteries had been shaken down by earthquakes. b. figurative. (a) with object a person (in faith, resolution, etc.) or his faith, purpose, testimony, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > be irresolute about [verb (transitive)] > cause to waver waverc1425 flitc1480 shakec1480 staggera1625 soften1918 c1480 (a1400) St. Eugenia 159 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 128 He..fel in disputacion with ane erretike, þat richt wise wes in clergy at dewyse, þat sa wele schoke þe abbot, til [etc.]. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. v. 45 That no compunctious visitings of Nature Shake my fell purpose. View more context for this quotation 1625 J. Donne First Serm. King Charles 6 The righteous is bolde as a Lyon, not easily shaked. 1646 in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. ix. 18 The confidence her Majesty had formerly in mee was ever after much shaken. a1729 J. Rogers 12 Serm. (1730) viii. 241 Our Religion, which no Arguments can shake. 1825 W. Scott Talisman x, in Tales Crusaders IV. 200 These attentions were intended to shake him in his religious profession. 1838 T. Mitchell in Aristophanes Clouds 798 (note) It may almost be thought impertinent to endeavour to shake their testimony. 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede III. v. xl. 88 Adam had not been shaken in his belief that Hetty was innocent. 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 48 Let nothing shake your trust in her. (b) with object (the health or strength of) a person, his body or mind. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > make weak fellOE wastec1230 faintc1386 endull1395 resolvea1398 afaintc1400 defeat?c1400 dissolvec1400 weakc1400 craze1476 feeblish1477 debilite1483 overfeeble1495 plucka1529 to bring low1530 debilitate1541 acraze1549 decaya1554 infirma1555 weaken1569 effeeble1571 enervate1572 enfeeble1576 slay1578 to pull downa1586 prosternate1593 shake1594 to lay along1598 unsinew1598 languefy1607 enerve1613 pulla1616 dispirit1647 imbecilitate1647 unstring1700 to run down1733 sap1755 reduce1767 prostrate1780 shatter1785 undermine1812 imbecile1829 disinvigorate1844 devitalize1849 wreck1850 atrophy1865 crumple1892 the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > drive mad [verb (transitive)] turn1372 mada1425 overthrow?a1425 to go (also fall, run) mada1450 deferc1480 craze1503 to face (a person) out ofc1530 dement1545 distemper1581 shake1594 distract1600 to go (also run, set) a-madding (or on madding)1600 unwita1616 insaniate?1623 embedlama1628 dementate1628 crack1631 unreason1643 bemad1655 ecstasya1657 overset1695 madden1720 maddle1775 insanify1809 derange1825 bemoon1866 send (someone) up the wall1951 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iii. 17 It comes from olde Andronicus Shaken with sorrowes in vngratefull Rome. View more context for this quotation 1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours ii. ix. 109 The body is shaked, and weakened by the violence of diseases. 1783 A. Seward Lett. (1811) II. 75 Shook as his frame has been, his mind has lost, as yet, none of its energy. 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor iii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 41 Her health also began to be shaken. 1846 Edinb. Rev. 84 176 If your nerves are apt to be shaken by the click of a knife in the dark passage of a hostelry. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxxiv. 310 Too much shaken in mind and body to compose a letter. (c) with object a person, institution, etc., with regard to his or its stability of position. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally > impair the stability of shake1545 unpin1587 stagger1613 1545 Primer Kynges Maiestie (STC 16034) Sig. FF.iv^v We haue now suffered much punishment, beyng..shaken with so many fluddes. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xlviij It is onely the preaching of Gods word, that shaketh theyr [sc. the Papists'] power and dignitie. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. Pref. sig. **ii Now God vouchsafe..to confute them which go about to shake downe his doctrine. 1625 J. Donne Serm.* (1953) VI. 246 That great Storme, that shaked the State, and the Church. 1660 J. Dryden Astræa Redux 8 Her blowes not shook but riveted his Throne. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 457 A great part of the property of the Nation..was shaken by the prospect. 1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) II. 17 Such a conduct would have shook him on the throne. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. v. 132 Such reflections on government..as tend to..shake the solid foundations of civil society. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 224 An attempt was made to shake the dominion which he had established over Wessex. a1878 B. Taylor Stud. German Lit. (1879) 145 The Thirty Years' War..hardly shook a single society out of existence. 1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. v. 14 With wrongs would they redub the wrongs they felt, Shake down the state, and furiously be freed. 11. a. Of physical infirmity, emotion, etc.: To cause (a person, his frame, etc.) to quiver or tremble; to agitate, convulse. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > make tremble > make tremble with cold, infirmity, or emotion shakec1384 shiver1797 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 14 He say his wyues moder liggynge, and shakun with feueris. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 146 Bot if this Fievere a womman take, Sche schal be wel mor harde schake. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. i. 113 Hee is so shak'd of a burning quotidian Tertian, that it is most lamentable to behold. View more context for this quotation 1753 T. Gray Long Story in Six Poems 21 A sudden fit of ague shook him. 1797 H. Lee Canterbury Tales I. 287 Extreme emotion..seemed to shake his whole frame. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 95 And she turn'd—her bosom shaken with a sudden storm of sighs. 1895 P. Hemingway Out of Egypt i. xi. 112 The memory of his loss shook him with sobs. b. To move or stir the feelings of; to disturb, upset. Also, to upset the composure or complacency of (someone) (colloquial). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > state of being shocked > be shocked at [verb (transitive)] > shock startle1598 scandal1643 shock1656 scandalize1676 jar1789 rock1881 shake1943 traumatize1949 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Dviij^v Who so was to much rauished..In flow of wealth, him chaunge of flow Yea to much shall yshake. 1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr vii. 217 Vpon a mistaking, that the euennesse of his Maiesties disposition might be shaked by this insinuation. 1715 N. Rowe Lady Jane Gray i. i The genius of our isle is shook with sorrow. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 108 Enjoyment..in the thoughts that shake mankind. 1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xv. 135 She will be shaken when she first hears the news. 1891 T. Hardy Tess II. xxxvi. 223 The unexpected quality of this confession..shook him indescribably. 1943 C. H. Ward-Jackson It's a Piece of Cake 54 ‘That'll shake him,’ as the transport officer said when he refused to provide a vehicle for the Group Captain without written authority. 1966 New Yorker 25 June 52 It shook me some when I looked at the label. c. To cause (a person, his sides) to quiver with laughter or mirth. Also of a person, to shake one's sides, to be convulsed with laughter. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > cause laughter [verb (transitive)] > convulse with laughter shake?1606 convulse1751 to break up1895 slay1927 kill1938 fracture1946 the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > types of laughter > laugh in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > laugh convulsively or immoderately chuckle1598 to split (also break, burst, etc.) one's sides1598 to die with, or of laughing1609 to hold one's sides1609 to laugh till (also until) one cries1611 split1688 to burst one's sides1712 shake1729 to shake one's sides1736 to laugh oneself sick (also silly)1773 roll1819 to laugh one's head off1871 to break up1895 to fall about1918 pee1946 ?1606 M. Drayton Eglog vi, in Poemes sig. E7^v The man alone, that once with laughter shook'st the shepheardes boord. 1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ I. (at cited word) She shaked her sides with laughter. 1781 W. Cowper Expostulation 548 It shakes the sides of splenetic disdain. 1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) i. 23 A sight to shake The midriff of despair with laughter. 1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn xiv [To] shake his honest sides with many an old half-forgotten tale of fun. d. Australian and New Zealand slang. to be shook on: have an infatuation for. Also, less strongly, to be keen on, to be impressed by, to admire, and const. after. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > be zealous for [verb (transitive)] to run after ——c1422 zeal1542 to throw one's heart (also soul, energy, etc.) into1807 to go mad (about, for, over, etc.)1850 to be shook on1888 to be hepped on1926 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > admiration > admire [verb (transitive)] wonder1535 admire1536 to be shook on1888 the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > be in love or infatuated with [verb (transitive)] loveOE paramoura1500 to love with1597 to be sweet on (upon)1740 to be cracked about or on1874 to be stuck on1878 mash1881 to be shook on1888 to go dingy on1904 to fall for ——1906 lurve1908 to have or get a crush on1913 to be soppy on1918 to have a pash for (or on)1922 to have a case on1928 to be queer for1941 1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms II. 46 He was awful shook on Mad; but she wouldn't look at him. 1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms II. 291 I must have a dance; blest if I don't!.. I'm regular shook on the polka. 1907 H. Lawson in Austral. Short Stories (1951) 84 The trouble is that I'm so long, and I always seem to get shook after little girls. 1926 K. S. Prichard Working Bullocks 301 Didn't know she was so shook on Mark Smith. 1934 L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch, N.Z.) 27 Jan. 15/7 Shook on, to be, to admire; to be keen on; e.g., ‘I'm not s.o. his horse.’ 1940 F. Sargeson Man & Wife (1944) 22 Mother wasn't too shook on our doing it at first, but afterwards she didn't mind. 1947 D. M. Davin Gorse blooms Pale 78 I wasn't as shook on Phyllis as all that. 1965 M. Shadbolt Among Cinders xxii. 209 The bush. Still not too bloody shook on it, are you? 1975 Sunday Tel. (Sydney) 29 June 49 I'm not all that shook on cocktail parties myself. 12. a. With adverb or phrase: To reduce by shaking (sense 7) to a specified condition. to shake down: to cause to settle or subside by shaking. to shake together: to shake so as to ensure intimate mixture or subsidence into smaller compass. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > shake together or up to shake togetherc1384 to shake up1753 the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > concentrate or condense > by shaking to shake togetherc1384 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > by kneading, stirring, etc. > by shaking to shake togetherc1384 to shake up1753 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > into a specific condition shakec1384 to shake out1608 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > cause to sink, settle, or subside > by shaking to shake down1611 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > cause to settle by shaking to shake down1611 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke vi. 38 A good mesure, and wel fillid, and shakun to gidere. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Voiturer Throughly to digest, (or, as we say, to shake downe) his meat by..exercise. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 173 [They] dare not shake the snow from off their Cassockes, least they shake themselues to peeces. View more context for this quotation 1656 P. Heylyn Surv. Estate France 127 Some [of the dancers] there were so ragged, that a swift Galliard would almost have shaked them into nakedness. 1735 A. Pope Of Char. of Women 15 Heav'n..Shakes all together, and produces—You. c1749 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 24 July (1966) II. 434 The Land so stony I was almost shook to pieces. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 792 Shake the mixture well together. 1883 Cent. Mag. 26 117/2 She was shaking her match out, as women do [after lighting the gas]. 1898 G. B. Shaw You never can Tell in Plays II. 209 She shakes her dress into order..and goes to the window. b. intransitive for reflexive. (a) to shake down: to find temporary accommodation, esp. with reference to sleeping, to occupy a ‘shake-down’. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] liec1000 harbourc1200 sojournc1290 layc1300 sojourc1330 to make, take (up) one's lodging1362 pilgrimagea1382 bield?a1400 lodgec1400 tarryc1400 to make (one's) residence1433 harbingec1475 harbry1513 stay1554 roost?1555 embower1591 quarter1591 leaguer1596 allodge1601 tenta1616 visit1626 billet1628 to lie abroad1650 tabernacle1653 sojourney1657 canton1697 stop1797 to shake down1858 to hole up1875 perendinate1886 shack1935 cotch1950 1858–9 W. H. Russell My Diary in India (1860) I. iii. 40 An eligible apartment in which some five or six of us ‘shook down’ for the night. 1869 Punch 24 July 31/1 I have often professed myself able to shake down anywhere and rough it. 1888 H. R. Haggard Mr. Meeson's Will xi She was led off to the cabin occupied by the captain and his wife.., the captain shaking down where he could. (b) to shake down into: to settle into, to accommodate oneself to (circumstances, a condition, position, etc.). to shake together: (of a company of persons) to mix, get on friendly terms with each other. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > accompany or be companions [verb (intransitive)] accompany?1490 assist1553 to walk (also travel) in the way with1611 to go partners1716 to draw up1723 to shake together1861 to pal up (also around, out, etc.)1889 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > accustom (a person) > adapt to circumstances > become accustomed to use1807 to shake down into1861 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. i. 16 I spent a day or two..before I got shaken down into my place here. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. xi. 189 The rest of the men had shaken together well, and seemed to enjoy themselves. a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. x. 107 ‘We shall shake down into uniformity before long..’ said he [referring to his second marriage]. 1889 Cornhill Mag. June 561 We have scarcely had time to shake down into the usual routine of a well-ordered household. c. to shake down: intransitive and reflexive, to settle down, to accommodate oneself to circumstances, a condition, position, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > act habitually [verb (intransitive)] > become accustomed inure1598 want1627 use1836 to shake down1864 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (reflexive)] > accustom oneself > become accustomed acclimate1822 acclimatize1844 to shake down1959 1864 C. M. Yonge Trial II. x. 178 Mr. Cheviot, as the family shook down together, became less afraid of Ethel. 1875 A. Trollope Prime Minister (1876) I. vii. 109 You'll find they'll shake down after the usual amount of resistance and compliance. 1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin i. 4 You needn't look so scared. You'll soon shake down. Is this your first ship? 1959 Times 31 May 11/2 By the time a new American President has..shaken himself down in the White House, the West German federal elections..will be approaching. 1973 Times 26 Apr. 17/1 Agricultural prices..produced..several sharp clashes of interest. This is an integral part of the process of shaking down. 1980 R. Adams Girl in Swing (1981) xxii. 307 And how is the beautiful Karin? Is she shaking down nicely in England? d. to shake on to: to take to, accept. U.S. ΚΠ 1927 H. A. Vachell Dew of Sea 262 You Britishers..don't shake on to the goods as quick as we do. 13. a. transitive. To dislodge or get rid of (something, a person's hold, etc.) by shaking one's body, limbs, clothes, etc. Const. from, off; also with adverb, away, aside, down. (For shake off see to shake off at Phrasal verbs.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking > one's body, limbs, or clothes shake1340 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 20962 Bot of his hand..He schok and in þe fire it kest. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Gen. xxvii. 40 And tyme schal come whanne thou schalt shake awei..his ȝok fro thi nollis. c1440 Alphabet of Tales 473 Sho..bear hym..vnto þe galous, & evyn vndernethe þe galows sho shuke hym down. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 262 Vile thing let loose; Or I will shake thee from mee, like a serpent. View more context for this quotation 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 112 I haue shak't that Vermine from off my fingers ends. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 365 He was obliged..to shake the sand from his cloaths. 1791 W. Cowper Judgm. Poets 11 [She would] shake with fury, to the ground, The garland that she wore. 1848 G. P. R. James Beauchamp II. ix. 195 If the gentleman..seizes our hands, we can often shake him away. 1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) Prol. 7 She shook aside The hand that play'd the patron with her curls. figurative.1340 Ayenbite (1866) 4 Vor to ssake a-way heuinesse an drede.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 291 Vnderstond, ȝe kyngis; and schaak of ȝou rudenesse.1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. (S.T.S.) 155 Iohne Kmnox..schuke louse all the actis of Paipis..maid be continual success of tyme.1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 40 And tis our first intent, To shake all cares and busines of our state. View more context for this quotation1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Dec. 603/1 I never pass it without shaking some forty years from off my shoulders.1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 3 He could not wholly shake from his mind the influences of the age in which he lived. b. to shake the dust from or off one's feet: lit. in the Gospel passages (see also to shake off at Phrasal verbs); hence allusively, to take one's departure from an uncongenial place. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > from an uncongenial place to shake the dust from or off one's feet1382 society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart, leave, or go away [verb (intransitive)] > from an uncongenial place to shake the dust from or off one's feet1382 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark vi. 11 Sceacas..þæt asca of..fotum iurum, excutite puluerem de pedibus uestris. 1382 J. Wyclif Mark vi. 11 Shake awey the powdre fro ȝoure feet. 1677 tr. J. de Luna Pursuit Hist. Lazarillo in D. Rowland tr. Lazarillo (new ed.) vii. sig. O7 I shaked upon them the dust off [1622–1669 of] my shooes. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia IV. viii. v. 239 I then paid off my lodgings, and ‘shaking the dust from my feet’, bid a long adieu to London. 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey II. iv. vii. 234 At length, the pilgrim shook the dust off his feet at Heidelberg. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let vii. 181 Impressions of the United States, whose dust he had just shaken from off his feet—a country..so barbarous in every way. c. Originally U.S. To get rid of, cast off (a person); to give up (a habit). Also, to give (a person) the slip; to jilt; occasionally to abandon (a place); to shake off (an illness, feeling, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] to let awaya1000 forcast?c1225 to lay downc1275 forthrow1340 flita1375 removea1382 to cast away1382 understrewc1384 castc1390 to lay awaya1400 to lay asidec1440 slingc1440 warpiss1444 to lay from, offc1480 way-put1496 depose1526 to lay apart1526 to put off1526 to set apart1530 to turn up1541 abandonate?1561 devest1566 dispatch1569 decarta1572 discard1578 to make away1580 to fling away1587 to cast off1597 doff1599 cashier1603 to set by1603 moult1604 excuss1607 retorta1616 divest1639 deposit1646 disentail1667 dismiss1675 slough1845 shed1856 jettison1869 shake1872 offload1900 junk1911 dump1919 sluff1934 bin1940 to put down1944 shitcan1973 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > get or be rid of refusea1387 to be rid of (also on)c1450 beskyfte1470 to be, get shut of, (dialect) shut on?a1500 to claw off1514 get1558 to put away1577 to get rid of1591 quit1606 to get off with1719 ding1753 shoot1805 to stay shet of1837 shuck1848 shunt1858 shake1872 to dust off1938 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away from [verb (transitive)] > leave behind (something stationary) disadvance1596 distance1819 shake1872 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > give up a habit or practice [verb (transitive)] leaveeOE forsakec1175 waive1340 twinc1386 refuse1389 to set aside1426 relinquish1454 abuse1471 renouncec1480 disaccustom1483 to break from1530 to lay aside1530 disprofess1590 dropa1616 to set bya1674 decline1679 unpractise?1680 slough1845 shake1872 sluff1934 kick1936 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > send away or dismiss > unceremoniously to send packingc1450 trussa1500 to go (send, etc.) away with a flea in one's ear1577 to set packing1577 pack1589 ship1594 to send away with a fly in one's ear1606 to give a packing penny to1609 to pack off1693 to cut (also slip) the painter1699 to send about one's business1728 trundle1794 to send to the right about (also rightabouts)1816 bundle1823 to give the bucket to1863 shake1872 to give (a person) the finger1874 to give (a person) the pushc1886 to give (someone or something) the chuck1888 to give (someone) the gate1918 to get the (big) bird1924 to tie a can to (or on)1926 to give (a person) (his or her) running shoes1938 to give (someone) the Lonsdale1958 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xlvii. 336 He never shook his mother... No indeedy... He looked after her and took care of her. 1873 B. Harte Episode of Fiddletown 24 But she should shake you, Kernel, thet she should just shake you—is what gits me. 1874 I'll Never Get Drunk Any More (song) Chorus: The pledge I will take, the whisky I'll shake, Oh I'll never get drunk any more. 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xxxi. 273 That little rascal has stole our raft and shook us, and run off. 1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 96 We've shaken the Clubs and the Messes To go and find out and be damned. 1896 Harper's Mag. Apr. 779/1 Then Ruth shook me. 1903 Smart Set 9 13/2 You'll have to shake the drink; that goes without saying. 1907 R. W. Service Songs of Sourdough 13 I was all caked in on a dance-hall jade, but she shook me in the end. 1934 in J. A. & A. Lomax Amer. Ballads & Folk Songs xx. 459 She shook me for the driver. 1935 M. de la Roche Young Renny iv. 28 ‘He was paying us a visit and the time went on and—he just came with us.’ ‘You mean you couldn't shake him?’ 1949 R. Chandler Let. 21 Mar. in Sel. Lett. (1981) 157 I'm going down to Palm Springs for a week to try to shake this cough. 1953 ‘S. Ransome’ Drag Dark (1954) xiii. 131 We deliberately shook you that night, then tailed you back here. 1957 J. Kerouac On the Road i. v. 34 ‘I have a date with my boy friend.’ ‘Can't you shake him?’ 1965 V. Canning Whip Hand v. 51 If anyone was following you must have shaken them. 1972 ‘T. Coe’ Don't lie to Me (1974) vii. 75 The picture of the murderer stayed in my head... Trying to shake it, trying to shake the mood it was giving me, I searched for other things to think about. 1974 ‘J. Ross’ Burning of Billy Toober x. 97 If you don't shake it [sc. heroin], it'll kill you in the end. 1977 Rolling Stone 16 June 34/4 Blauer had admitted himself to a New York state hospital hoping to shake a debilitating depression. 1979 ‘S. Woods’ This Fatal Writ 129 If you know you're being followed, it isn't too difficult to shake a tail. 14. To dislodge or eject by shaking the receptacle or support: a. const. from, etc., or with adverb down, off, etc. (For shake out see to shake out at Phrasal verbs.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking > a support or receptacle shake?1508 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > dislodge or remove by shaking to shake out?c1225 shake?1508 ?1508 Balade in Sir Eglamour (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cviii^v The levys are doun schakyn with y^e schouris. a1529 J. Skelton Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng in Certayne Bks. (?1545) 198 Than Elynour taketh The mashe bolle, and shaketh The hennes donge away. 1545 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 187 He..lyked theym nott whervpon he showke theym forthe of hys bagg. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 181 Hence rotten thing, or I shall shake thy bones Out of thy Garments. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. vi. 104 As Hercules did shake downe Mellow Fruite. View more context for this quotation 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. viii. 142 The first Jolt had like to have shaken me out of my Hammock. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 31 Shake this earth away from the roots. 1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) at Shack I'll goä shack sum cherries doon. †b. simply. To cast down, scatter (fruit, blossom, corn, etc.) by shaking; = to shake down at sense 12a above. Also, to turn out (a fox) from a bag (cf. to shake out 1 at Phrasal verbs). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > cause (seed or leaves) to fall > by shaking shake1557 the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting specific animals > [verb (transitive)] > hunt fox > turn out of bag shake1812 to shake out1856 a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye ii. xxxxviii, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 535 The weakest wynde, can shake theire bravest bloomes. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. Tii The wallnut tree wel bet when his nuts are shaken, beareth more fruit the yeare ensuing. 1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) iii. sig. F4^v A sweet young blossome shak'd before the time. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 240 Macbeth Is ripe for shaking . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. ii. 145 It..Confounds thy fame, as whirlewinds shake faire budds. View more context for this quotation 1812 Sporting Mag. 39 185 On Thursday the 2d instant, a fox was shook near Mr. Markey's. proverbial phrase.1557 R. Edgeworth Serm. very Fruitfull ccxxx. C 1 All this wynde shoke no corne, all this moued him not.1590 R. Harvey Plaine Percevall sig. B All this wind shakes none of my Corne, quoth Perceuall.1629 J. Taylor Wit & Mirth in Wks. (1630) ii. 200/2 Wel quoth Sara, all this winde shakes no corne. c. intransitive. Of fruit, blossom, corn: To fall, scatter. Now dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow or vegetate [verb (intransitive)] > fall or be shed (of leaves, blossom, etc.) shake1725 the world > plants > part of plant > growth, movement, or curvature of parts > grow, move, or curve [verb (intransitive)] > fall off or drop shed1557 shatter1577 shale1578 decide1657 shake1725 shell1828 1725 P. Blair Pharmaco-botanologia iii. 130 Being again timely ripe, it mixes and shakes before any other Grain. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 350 To Shack (that is, to shake), to shed, as corn at harvest. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 155 These [kinds of oats] are apt to shed the grain or shake, if allowed to be fully ripe before they are cut down. 1813 T. Busby in tr. Lucretius Nature of Things II. iv. Comm. 6 The fine seeds of southernwood..slightly shook. 1904 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. 347/1 This corn shacks out wi' t' wind. 15. a. To distribute with a shake, to scatter, sprinkle. Also with forth, down. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > scatter broadcast > by shaking shakec1400 c1400 Destr. Troy 2206 I graunt thee þe gouernaunse of þis gret mode, And shake it on þi shulders. 1508 W. Dunbar Goldyn Targe (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems (1998) I. 184 The perly droppis schake in silvir schouris. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 595 Wheron stode a lybbard,..And with his forme foote he shoke forthe this wrytyng. 1620 Hist. Frier Rush sig. E1^v With his forke he shaked the straw abroad. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 711 Satan..like a Comet burn'd, That..from his horrid hair Shakes Pestilence and Warr. View more context for this quotation 1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 16 The Winter keen Shook forth his Waste of Snows. 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 25 Shake a little Flour over it. 1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose vi, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 268 ‘Shake down plenty of straw in the great barn,’ said the Laird. 1857 T. Moore Handbk. Brit. Ferns (ed. 3) 11 When shaken over a sheet of paper they [the spores] are scarcely visible to the naked eye. b. To cast (dice) usually with a preliminary shake; hence to gamble away (an estate); also with personal object, to ‘throw’ against (a person) for whatever is staked. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > dice-playing > play at dice [verb (transitive)] > shake shake1570 1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome iv. f. 47^v Dice are shakte. 1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 25 To shake away an Estate to known Rooks that live by the Dice. 1875 S. Wood & H. Lapham Waiting for Mail 79 I'll shake you for drinks. 16. Thesaurus » †a. to shake (a person) out of (property): to rob, plunder. Obsolete. b. slang. To steal (goods); to rob (a person). Now Australian. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] pick?c1300 takec1300 fetch1377 bribec1405 usurpc1412 rapc1415 to rap and rendc1415 embezzle1495 lifta1529 pilfer1532 suffurate1542 convey?1545 mill1567 prig1567 strike1567 lag1573 shave1585 knave1601 twitch1607 cly1610 asport1621 pinch1632 snapa1639 nap1665 panyar1681 to carry off1684 to pick up1687 thievea1695 to gipsy away1696 bone1699 make1699 win1699 magg1762 snatch1766 to make off with1768 snavel1795 feck1809 shake1811 nail1819 geach1821 pull1821 to run off1821 smug1825 nick1826 abduct1831 swag1846 nobble1855 reef1859 snig1862 find1865 to pull off1865 cop1879 jump1879 slock1888 swipe1889 snag1895 rip1904 snitch1904 pole1906 glom1907 boost1912 hot-stuff1914 score1914 clifty1918 to knock off1919 snoop1924 heist1930 hoist1931 rabbit1943 to rip off1967 to have off1974 the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > steal [verb (transitive)] > steal from picka1350 lifta1529 filch1567 purloinc1571 prowl1603 touch1631 pinch1632 to pick up1687 to speak with ——1725 knock1767 shab1787 jump1789 to speak to ——1800 shake1811 spice1819 sting1819 tap1879 to knock over1928 c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 4514 He þat schakith Men out of hire good. 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Addicion Excutere aliquem, to robbe one, to shake oone out of his clothes. 1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Eiiii^v When these [walking morts] get ought..as money or apparell, they are quickly shaken out of all by the vpright men. 1811 Lexicon Balatronicum Shake, to draw any thing from the pocket. He shook the swell of his fogle; he robbed the gentleman of his silk handkerchief. 1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 204 Shake, to steal or rob; as I shook a chest of slop, I stole a chest of tea; I've been shook of my skin, I have been robbed of my purse. 1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn II. xix. 22 I shook a nag, and got bowled out and lagged. 1903 W. Craig Adv. Austral. Goldfields 191 The man..wondered if ‘he’ was worth ‘shaking’. c. to shake down, to extort money from, to blackmail or otherwise pressurize (a person) for (occasionally of) money, etc. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > extortion > practise extortion on [verb (transitive)] ransom?a1425 to poll and pill1528 exact1534 bloodsuck?1541 extort1561 rack1576 flay1584 shave1606 wire-draw1616 punisha1626 sponge1631 squeeze1639 screwa1643 to screw up1655 bleed1680 torture1687 to screw down1725 to shake down1872 to squeeze (someone) until the pips squeak1918 to bleed white1935 rent1956 1872 G. P. Burnham Mem. U.S. Secret Service p. viii Shake, out to ‘shake down’; to extort money from individuals. 1916 J. London Let. 12 Oct. (1966) 473 ‘Uncle Charley’..then proceeded to shake you down in proper money-lender..fashion. 1927 ‘J. Barbican’ Confessions Rum-runner xiv. 148 For only last week they were shook down for five hundred by a stray fellow from the Department. 1949 Los Angeles Times 5 May 1/3 Ferguson..accused them of trying to ‘shakedown’ Mickey Cohen of $5000. 1956 H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy vii. 54 ‘You weren't by any chance trying to shake him down?’..‘No, sir. Not a penny.’ 1966 T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 ii. 28 He left after shaking her down for four bits for carrying the bags. 1976 ‘J. Ross’ I know what it's like to Die xxii. 144 Sickert had been shaken down for protection money. d. to shake down, (esp. of police, etc.) to search (a person or place). slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, examine [verb (transitive)] underseekc897 speerc900 lookeOE askOE seeOE teem witnessc1200 seeka1300 fand13.. inquirec1300 undergoc1315 visit1338 pursuea1382 searcha1382 examinec1384 assay1387 ensearchc1400 vesteyea1425 to have in waitc1440 perpend1447 to bring witnessc1475 vey1512 investigate?1520 recounta1530 to call into (also in) question1534 finger1546 rip1549 sight1556 vestigatea1561 to look into ——1561 require1563 descry?1567 sound1579 question1590 resolve1593 surview1601 undersearch1609 sift1611 disquire1621 indagate1623 inspect1623 pierce1640 shrive1647 in-looka1649 probe1649 incern1656 quaeritate1657 inquisite1674 reconnoitre1740 explore1774 to bring to book1786 look-see1867 scrutate1882 to shake down1915 sleuth1939 screen1942 1915 N.Y. World 9 May (Suppl.) 14/1 Frisk, to shake down or search. 1955 D. W. Maurer in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. No. 24. 46 They..shook down my hotel. 1968 Listener 15 Feb. 210/1 Inmate guards have been in complete control of the prison. They..shook down incoming prisoners to take radios and watches and so on. 1977 D. Bagley Enemy xvii. 141 Once Mayberry had been shaken down the guards were taken from Penny and Gillian. 1979 D. Anthony Long Hard Cure xxv. 198 The Sony had been in plain sight... Billy Combs was shaking down the rest of the house. 17. a. reflexive and intransitive. Of timber: To split or crack. Also reflexive. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > actions of wood [verb (intransitive)] > crack shake1679 gall1770 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 155 The Boards will Tear or Shake, w[h]ich is in Vulgar English, Split or Crack. 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 136 The..Boards are set..under some cover'd Shed... For if..the Sun shine fiercely upon 'em..they will tear or shake 'em,..that is, in plain English, split or crack. 1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Gloss. Shook, split, as wood by shrinking. b. transitive. To separate the staves of (a cask). Cf. shake n.¹ 10a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or breaking up into constituent parts > separate into constituents [verb (transitive)] > take apart > specifically a cask shake1867 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To shake a cask, to take it to pieces, and pack up the parts. 1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 95. 18. Music. To accompany or execute with a shake; also absol. or intransitive to execute a shake (see shake n.¹ 5). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform music [verb (intransitive)] > specific style or technique descanta1450 to stay on1579 to run division1590 divide1609 shake1611 flourish1766 tweedle-dee1837 slide1864 Wagnerize1866 to break a chord1879 magadize1904 scoop1927 segue1958 rap1979 rhyme1979 scratch1982 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > specific style or technique squeak1577 tinkle1582 divide1590 shake1611 slur1746 da capo1764 rattlea1766 to run over ——1789 skirl1818 spread?1822 develop1838 arpeggio1864 propose1864 recapitulate1873 jazz1915 lilt1916 jazzify1927 thump1929 schmaltz1936 belt1947 stroke1969 funkify1973 scratch1984 scratch-mix1985 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Gringoter, to warble quauer, shake with the voice. 1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) (at cited word) To shake the voice (in singing), gringoter. 1659 C. Simpson Division-violist i. 9 Open [-shake] is, when a Finger is shaked in that distance from when it was removed, or is to be set down. 1659 C. Simpson Division-violist i. 9 Wider then that [sc. an interval of a tone] we never shake. 1676 T. Mace Musick's Monument 104 The Back-fall may be either Plain, or Shaked. 1746 W. Tans'ur New Musical Gram. 23 A Shake, or Trilloe..is, to shake, tremble, or warble your Voice, or Instrument. 1828 Examiner 664/1 She..absolutely introduced two consecutive fifths by shaking on F instead of descending to D. Phrasal verbs to shake off 1. To cast off or get rid of with a shake or an effort. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking to shake out?c1225 forshakea1300 overshakec1330 to shake off1393 off-shake1576 shog1949 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 13 Repente þe,..And shryf þe sharpliche and shak of alle pruyde. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Mark vi. 11 Shake of the duste from your feet. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 42^v Through the onely..eating hereof, they shake off many sicknesses. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 241 A witherd Hermight fiuescore winters worne, Might shake off fiftie, looking in her eye. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Mark vi. 11. 1642 J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justific. 366 Having shaken off our sinne (as Sampson had shaked off his new ropes). 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 409 I..Might easily have shook off all her snares. View more context for this quotation 1712 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella (1948) 11 Jan. II. 461 I walkt lustily in the Park by moon-shine till eight, to shake off my dinner and wine. 1719 J. Ozell tr. F. M. Misson Mem. Trav. Eng. 26 Then the Bull bellows and bounds, and kicks about to shake off the Dog. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 365 The most industrious shake off their old garments about eight o'clock. 1827 N. P. Willis Widow of Nain 18 The sentinel Shook off his slumber. 1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire vi. 121 Poland, once tributary, had shaken off the yoke. 1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge III. xlvii. 223 I know from experience how difficult it is to shake off old associations. 2. To get rid of (a person); to draw away from (a competitor in a race). ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > get or be rid of > specifically a person to shake off1530 unload1576 to shift offc1592 exonerate1614 shift1615 shab1677 purge1873 defenestrate1917 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > race (a race) [verb (transitive)] > leave behind to shake off1856 back-mark1890 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 700/2 I shake of, as one shaketh of or awaye from hym a person or mater that he wolde be rydde of. 1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxix. 34 Quhen he listis, he schaks hir of be diuorce or hir wirreis. 1590 Cobler of Caunterburie 24 I shakt him off as well as I could, but he would haue no nay at all. 1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 9 Sept. (1948) I. 9 I am glad I have wholly shaken off that family. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. vi. 143 Exerting his strength, he suddenly shook off both the finishers of the law. 1856 H. H. Dixon Post & Paddock xiii. 324 ‘You thought to shake me off, did you?’ roared Mr. T. as they landed together in a large grass field. 1878 Ld. Tennyson Revenge viii And a dozen times we shook 'em off as a dog that shakes his ears. †3. To let off (a shot). Obsolete. rare^—1. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > fire (a missile) from gun to shake off1583 fire1598 to fire off1731 poop1917 squeeze1956 1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iv. 32 a Either parte shooke of their shotte, and coupled them selues tegether in a braue Skirmishe. 4. Of a plant: To shed (leaves, fruit). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > grow, sprout, or bear fruit [verb (transitive)] > shed leaves, flowers, or fruit to shake offa1425 fall1510 shed1598 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xxiv. 13 If a fewe fruitis of olyue trees that ben left ben schakun of fro the olyue tre. a1577 G. Gascoigne Princelie Pleasures Kenelworth sig. C.iiii, in Whole Wks. (1587) The Trees shooke off their leaues. 5. Nautical. To unfasten (a sail). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > carry specific amount of sail [verb (transitive)] > strike or take in (sails) strikea1300 main1517 hand1625 douse1626 to shake off1627 muzzle1883 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. v. 22 When we shake off a Bonnet. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. (at cited word) To shake, to cast off fastenings, as..To shake off a bonnet of a fore-and-aft sail. to shake out 1. To cast out or remove with a shake. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by shaking to shake out?c1225 forshakea1300 overshakec1330 to shake off1393 off-shake1576 shog1949 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > dislodge or remove by shaking to shake out?c1225 shake?1508 the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting specific animals > [verb (transitive)] > hunt fox > turn out of bag shake1812 to shake out1856 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 153 Þe scorpiunes cundel þet habred inhire bosem. schake hit ut wið. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14682 Luytel notes þey toke, & holede þem, þe kerneles out schoke. ?c1450 in G. J. Aungier Hist. & Antiq. Syon Monastery (1840) 368 Mynyster of the sextry schal..haue oute the tapettes..and the duste schake oute. 1576 G. Gascoigne Droomme of Doomes Day in Wks. (1910) II. 238 You shall never shake a brybe out of your hand, unlesse you shut covetousnesse out of your brest. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1678 (1955) IV. 141 This they dextrously turning shake out like a thin pan-cake. 1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 449 We shook the plants out, and shortened their roots..and repotted them. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports i. ii. v. 135 A bag-fox being shaken out before hounds by the keeper. 2. nonce-uses. To bring about by ‘wagging’; to produce by shaking. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > into a specific condition shakec1384 to shake out1608 1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one v. sig. H4 Cheifly dice, those true outlanders, That shake out Beggars, Theeues and Panders. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. iv. 23 Many a mans tongue shakes out his masters vndoing. View more context for this quotation †3. To cast out the contents of; to empty. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > leave unoccupied [verb (transitive)] > empty emptyOE emptOE avoida1382 to shake out1382 devoida1400 evacuec1400 void1506 toom?a1513 unburden1538 disgarboil1567 inanitea1598 unbowel1597 unfill1607 to turn out?1609 unteemc1635 evacuatea1652 vacuate1651 unempt1798 disglut1800 eviscerate1834 1382 J. Wyclif 2 Esdras [ Neh. ] v. 13 I shakide out my bosum. 1639 R. Baillie Let. 28 Sept. (1841) I. 213 Harie Rollock, by his sermons, moved them to shake out their purses. 4. To unfasten or unfurl and let out with a shake (a flag, sail); to straighten out by shaking (something crumpled or folded). ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > unfurl or unfold unfoldc890 untrenda1272 displayc1330 splayc1330 unplyc1330 outrolla1393 unlapa1400 unplight?c1400 unrollc1425 deploy1477 to shake outc1550 explicate1562 disvelop1592 unfurl1641 develop1656 unwrap1807 unshroud1846 to roll out1849 c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 32 Schaik out the flag on the top mast. 1800 Naval Chron. 4 394 I dare not shake the reefs out of the sail. 1849 C. J. Lever Confessions Con Cregan I. xiv. 196 Old Ben Crosseley, of the ‘Lively Biddy’, that wouldn't stand being ordered to shake out his canvas. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xx. 153 We had shaken out our reefs, and were driving before the wind. 1902 J. C. Snaith Wayfarers xvii He..produced a fresh wig..and having shook it out, discarded the modest wig he was wearing. 5. intransitive. To show visible signs of trembling. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (intransitive)] > tremble or quiver > with cold, infirmity, or emotion quakeOE shiverc1250 shakea1398 totterc1400 cowther1599 earn1611 frill1671 to shake out1843 1843 T. Watson Lect. Physic I. xl. 709 [In] the dumb ague, or the dead ague; the patient is said not to shake out. to shake up †1. To rattle (a chain). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (transitive)] > rattle to shake upc1430 clitter1530 berattle1553 rattle1560 rail1770 to spring one's rattle1787 to tirl the sneck1800 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > shake with noise to shake upc1430 c1430 Chev. Assigne 356 Þey..shoken vp þe cheynes þer sterten vp þe swannes; Eche on chese to his. 2. To shake together for the purpose of combining or mixing; to shake (a liquid) so as to stir up the sediment. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > [verb (transitive)] > stir up or render turbid stirc1000 blend1384 trouble1579 puddle1593 mud1594 muddy1617 drummle1635 blunder1655 muddy1669 muddle1676 inturbidate1684 to shake up1753 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > shake together or up to shake togetherc1384 to shake up1753 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > by kneading, stirring, etc. > by shaking to shake togetherc1384 to shake up1753 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Eye [The mixture is to be] thoroughly shook up every time it is to be used. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xxiii. 237 Mr. Weller, shaking up the ale, by describing small circles with the pot, preparatory to drinking. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiogr. (ed. 2) 84 If we shake up a mixture of liquids of different densities. 3. To rouse up with or as with a shake. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > stir up or rouse up stirc1000 aweccheOE stirc1175 arear?c1225 awakec1315 amovec1330 araisec1374 wake1398 wakenc1400 to stir upa1500 incend?1504 to firk upc1540 bestir1549 store1552 bustlea1555 tickle1567 solicitate1568 to stir one's taila1572 exsuscitate1574 rouse1574 suscitate1598 accite1600 actuate1603 arousea1616 poach1632 roust1658 to shake up1850 to galvanize to or into life1853 to make things (or something specified) hum1884 to jack up1914 rev1945 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > rouse by shaking shogc1440 shake1530 rumble1597 to shake up1850 1850 W. Allingham Poems 30 The wind shakes up the sleepy clouds. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iv. 90 Bob..hollers to his 'osses, and shakes 'em up, and away we goes. 1896 Daily News 30 Apr. 3/4 The favourite always had his race well won,..although..Loates had to shake him up. 4. To loosen (bedding, etc.) by shaking. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > oscillation > vibration > vibrate [verb (transitive)] > shake > loosen by shaking to shake up1833 1833 W. H. Maxwell Field Bk. at Training After he [the horse] has had his food, the litter is to be shook up. 1857 A. Marsh Rose of Ashurst vi [He] had..shook up and arranged my pillows, in a way most comfortable to me. 5. Nautical. (See quot. 1769.) ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > get into the current of the wind [verb (transitive)] > luff or turn to windward > so close that the sails shake to shake up1769 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Ralingues Shake her up in the wind, let the sails touch! the order to the helmsman to steer the ship so as to let the sails shake with their edges to the wind. †6. To rate soundly, abuse violently. (Very common in 16–17th centuries.) Also, to harass, afflict. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)] tawc893 ermec897 swencheOE besetOE bestandc1000 teenOE baitc1175 grieve?c1225 war?c1225 noyc1300 pursuec1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 tribula1325 worka1325 to hold wakenc1330 chase1340 twistc1374 wrap1380 cumbera1400 harrya1400 vexc1410 encumber1413 inquiet1413 molest?a1425 course1466 persecutec1475 trouble1489 sturt1513 hare1523 hag1525 hale1530 exercise1531 to grate on or upon1532 to hold or keep waking1533 infest1533 scourge1540 molestate1543 pinch1548 trounce1551 to shake upa1556 tire1558 moila1560 pester1566 importune1578 hunt1583 moider1587 bebait1589 commacerate1596 bepester1600 ferret1600 harsell1603 hurry1611 gall1614 betoil1622 weary1633 tribulatea1637 harass1656 dun1659 overharry1665 worry1671 haul1678 to plague the life out of1746 badger1782 hatchel1800 worry1811 bedevil1823 devil1823 victimize1830 frab1848 mither1848 to pester the life out of1848 haik1855 beplague1870 chevy1872 obsede1876 to get on ——1880 to load up with1880 tail-twist1898 hassle1901 heckle1920 snooter1923 hassle1945 to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946 to bust (a person's) chops1953 noodge1960 monster1967 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > severely dressc1405 wipe1523 to take up1530 whip1530 to shake upa1556 trounce1607 castigatea1616 lasha1616 objurgate1616 thunderstrike1638 snub1672 drape1683 cut1737 rowa1798 score1812 to dress down1823 to pitch into ——1823 wig1829 to row (a person) up1838 to catch or get Jesse1839 slate1840 drop1853 to drop (down) to or on (to)1859 to give (a person) rats1862 to jump upon1868 to give (a person) fits1871 to give it to someone (pretty) stiff1880 lambaste1886 ruck1899 bollock1901 bawl1903 scrub1911 burn1914 to hang, draw, and quarter1930 to tear a strip off1940 to tear (someone) off a strip1940 brass1943 rocket1948 bitch1952 tee1955 fan- a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) ii. ii. sig. C.iij^v I was nere so shoke vp afore since I was borne. 1576 G. Pettie Petite Pallace 53 b The king..sent for my youth Iphis, shooke him vp with sharpe threatninges, and charged him..neuer after to be seene at the Court. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. i. 26. 1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 307 What was Eliah to Ahab?..that hee durst..shake him vp roundly for,..his bloody abominable oppressions? 1637 P. Heylyn Antidotum Lincolniense iii. 9 Your next vagarie is upon the Doctor... The Doctor thus shaked up, you goe on againe unto the point of Iurisdiction. 7. To upset the nerves of, agitate, confuse. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > cause nervous excitement or agitate [verb (transitive)] to carry away?1529 agitate1591 fermentate1599 tumultuate1616 alarm1620 overwork1645 uncalm1650 flutter1664 pother1692 to set afloata1713 fluctuate1788 fuss1816 tumult1819 to break up1825 rile1857 to steam up1860 to shake up1884 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > rattle rattle1865 to shake up1884 1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn vi. 47 People allowed there'd be another trial to..give me to the widow for my guardian... This shook me up considerable, because I didn't want to go back to the widow's. 1897 R. Kipling Captains Courageous ii. 31 ‘Well, you was shook up and silly’, said Dan. Compounds The verb-stem in combination. † shake-brained adj. Obsolete of unsound mind, crazy, crack-brained. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with woodc725 woodsekc890 giddyc1000 out of (by, from, of) wit or one's witc1000 witlessc1000 brainsickOE amadc1225 lunaticc1290 madc1330 sickc1340 brain-wooda1375 out of one's minda1387 frenetica1398 fonda1400 formada1400 unwisea1400 brainc1400 unwholec1400 alienate?a1425 brainless1434 distract of one's wits1470 madfula1475 furious1475 distract1481 fro oneself1483 beside oneself1490 beside one's patience1490 dementa1500 red-wood?1507 extraught1509 misminded1509 peevish1523 bedlam-ripe1525 straughta1529 fanatic1533 bedlama1535 daft1540 unsounda1547 stark raving (also staring) mad1548 distraughted1572 insane1575 acrazeda1577 past oneself1576 frenzy1577 poll-mad1577 out of one's senses1580 maddeda1586 frenetical1588 distempered1593 distraught1597 crazed1599 diswitted1599 idle-headed1599 lymphatical1603 extract1608 madling1608 distracteda1616 informala1616 far gone1616 crazy1617 March mada1625 non compos mentis1628 brain-crazed1632 demented1632 crack-brained1634 arreptitiousa1641 dementate1640 dementated1650 brain-crackeda1652 insaniated1652 exsensed1654 bedlam-witteda1657 lymphatic1656 mad-like1679 dementative1685 non compos1699 beside one's gravity1716 hyte1720 lymphated1727 out of one's head1733 maddened1735 swivel-eyed1758 wrong1765 brainsickly1770 fatuous1773 derangedc1790 alienated1793 shake-brained1793 crack-headed1796 flighty1802 wowf1802 doitrified1808 phrenesiac1814 bedlamite1815 mad-braineda1822 fey1823 bedlamitish1824 skire1825 beside one's wits1827 as mad as a hatter1829 crazied1842 off one's head1842 bemadded1850 loco1852 off one's nut1858 off his chump1864 unsane1867 meshuga1868 non-sane1868 loony1872 bee-headed1879 off one's onion1881 off one's base1882 (to go) off one's dot1883 locoed1885 screwy1887 off one's rocker1890 balmy or barmy on (or in) the crumpet1891 meshuggener1892 nutty1892 buggy1893 bughouse1894 off one's pannikin1894 ratty1895 off one's trolley1896 batchy1898 twisted1900 batsc1901 batty1903 dippy1903 bugs1904 dingy1904 up the (also a) pole1904 nut1906 nuts1908 nutty as a fruitcake1911 bugged1920 potty1920 cuckoo1923 nutsy1923 puggled1923 blah1924 détraqué1925 doolally1925 off one's rocket1925 puggle1925 mental1927 phooey1927 crackers1928 squirrelly1928 over the edge1929 round the bend1929 lakes1934 ding-a-ling1935 wacky1935 screwball1936 dingbats1937 Asiatic1938 parlatic1941 troppo1941 up the creek1941 screwed-up1943 bonkers1945 psychological1952 out to lunch1955 starkers1956 off (one's) squiff1960 round the twist1960 yampy1963 out of (also off) one's bird1966 out of one's skull1967 whacked out1969 batshit1971 woo-woo1971 nutso1973 out of (one's) gourd1977 wacko1977 off one's meds1986 1793 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 126 A..shake-brained fellow. † shake breast n. Obsolete = wave v. 9e (cf. Geneva Bible 1560, Leviticus x. 15 shakẽ breast, Numbers vi. 20 shaken breast). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > which is waved when presented > that which is employed in heave shoulder1530 wave-sheaf1530 shake breast1647 shake-day-sheaf1650 shake-sheaf1650 wave-bread1879 1647 Husbandmans Plea against Tithes 38 Then the custome is (in some Parishes) for the Parson to have a tenth joynt, a heave shoulder, or a shake breast. a1659 R. Brownrig 65 Serm. (1674) I. xxi. 278 God, saith Gregory, requires not only pectus fidei..the shake-breast of faith, but [etc.]. † shake-day-sheaf n. Obsolete = wave v. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > which is waved when presented > that which is employed in heave shoulder1530 wave-sheaf1530 shake breast1647 shake-day-sheaf1650 shake-sheaf1650 wave-bread1879 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Lev. xxiii. 11) 161 This shake-daie-sheaf was a pregnant type of Christ's rising again. shake-hands n. an act of shaking hands with another person; hence shake-hand attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] > greeting or salutation > gesture > handshake handygriping1577 wring1605 handshaking1647 shruga1653 hand-griping1700 shake1712 shake-hands1800 handshake1802 handgrip1837 pump-handler1844 glad hand1895 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [adjective] > greeting or saluting > shaking hands shake-hand1856 1800 F. Burney Let. 18 July (1973) IV. 436 William will be much pleased by a private congratulatory shake hands from you in his own Apartment. 1811 A. de Beauclerc Ora & Juliet I. 235 After..a hearty shake-hands with Brewster. 1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin l. 491 Not a little provoked at the shake-hand salutation her son had accorded him. 1889 D. C. Murray & H. Murray Dangerous Catspaw 33 He..executed a hearty shake-hands. shake-lurk n. slang a sham official document falsely declaring that the bearer has suffered shipwreck. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > forgery, falsification > faking of documents > [noun] > instance of > claiming shipwreck shake-lurk1851 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 219/2 Armed with these [sc. sham official documents], the patterer becomes a ‘lurker’... Shipwreck is called a ‘shake lurk’. † shake offering n. Obsolete a wave n. offering. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > which is waved when presented heave-offering1530 wave-offering1530 shake offering1608 1608 A. Willet Hexapla in Exodum 574 The shake offering was shaken to and fro. † shake rotten adj. Obsolete a term of abuse. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [adjective] > as abused lousyc1386 greasya1529 mongrela1594 shake rotten1595 strummell-patch1600 thornbackly1605 toad-spotted1608 pissabed1643 shit-breeched1664 shit-breech1675 mole-catching1693 nine-eyed1694 poxya1758 cocksucking1872 bastard1877 motherfucking1890 son-of-a-bitching1902 so-and-so1929 mother-raping1932 zombie1937 chickenshit1940 pissy-arsed1940 bastarding1944 mother-loving1948 mothering1951 1595 G. Peele Old Wiues Tale D This shake rotten parish that will not burie Iack. † shake-sheaf n. Obsolete = shake-day-sheaf n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > kinds of sacrifice > [noun] > which is waved when presented > that which is employed in heave shoulder1530 wave-sheaf1530 shake breast1647 shake-day-sheaf1650 shake-sheaf1650 wave-bread1879 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Lev. xxiii. 17) 162 The shake-sheaf..of their barlie-harvest. shake-tail adj. of a woman, loose. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [adjective] > unchaste or sexually compliant (of women) strumpeta1382 jadish1573 comingc1576 short heeled1591 loose in the hilts1598 loose-legged1598 loose-tailed1598 light-tailed1600 overscutched1600 stuprous1603 light-skirted1607 brothelly1608 light-heeled1611 wagtailed1648 loose-hilteda1652 feather-heeleda1674 loose-gowneda1717 frank1744 shake-tail1782 (a woman) of a certain description1803 hetaeric1868 round-heeled1926 floozy?1930 trampy1944 slack1951 slaggy1973 1782 E. Blower George Bateman II. 120 A couple of shake-tail jabbering wenches. Draft additions 1993 to shake out transitive. To dismiss or remove by means of a shake-out; esp. to get rid of (redundant staff) through reorganization. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > do without or get rid of > by a shake-out or reorganization to shake out1905 1905 Westm. Gaz. 8 July 1/2 Fence-sitters and faint-hearts are to be shaken out, so that..those who thwart us at the commencement shall not come back after victory as nominal supporters. 1947 Sun (Baltimore) 18 Jan. 1/2 The Communist Finance Minister..said he would not insist upon his plan to call in Italian currency to ‘shake out’ gains of black marketeers and war profiteers. 1966 Guardian 7 Dec. 8/4 The men shaken out of BMC are predominantly unskilled. 1972 Oxford Econ. Papers 24 89 Surplus labour should be ‘shaken-out’ from overmanned industries. 1989 Times 8 July 17/2 A few people who were temperamentally inclined to take cash were shaken out. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹13..n.²1846v.c950
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shaken.1

Compounds

shaken.2

shakev.

Phrasal verbs

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

shaken.¹

shaken.²