shamann.adj.

Brit.

/ˈʃɑːmən/,

/ˈʃamən/,

/ˈʃeɪmən/, U.S.

/ˈʃɑmən/,

/ˈʃeɪmən/

Forms: Also 1700s schamane, 1700s–1800s schaman, 1800s shuman. Formerly usually with capital initial.

Etymology: < German schamane, Russian šaman, < Tungusian samân (Castren Tung. Sprachl.). Compare French chaman. The Persian shemen, idol, idol temple, sometimes cited as the source, is unconnected. Evidence seems to be wanting for the plausible suggestion that the Mongolian word is an adoption of Chinese sha mên, an ordained member of a Buddhist fraternity, < Sanskrit çramaṇa, Pali samana Buddhist monk or mendicant.

A. n.

A priest or priest-doctor among various northern peoples of Asia. Hence applied by extension to similar personages in other parts, esp. a medicine-man of some of the north-western American Indians. Occasionally in wider sense: an adherent of shamanism. Also more recently, with recognition of the widespread similarity of primitive beliefs, the term denotes esp. a man or woman who is regarded as having direct access to, and influence in, the spirit world which is usually manifested during a trance and empowers them to guide souls, cure illnesses, etc. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > shamanism > shaman

shaman1698

shamanist1842

shamanka1936

shamanin1955

shamaness1964

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > Asian

shaman1698

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > heathen (general)

priestc1275

flamenc1400

fire-kindler1563

clergyman1609

fetisheer1613

divinea1616

churchman1632

shaman1698

Baal-priest1834

santero1950

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > shamanism > [noun] > person

shaman1780

shamanian1802

shamanist1842

shamanite1871

1698 tr. A. Brand Jrnl. Embassy from Muscovy 50 If five or six of these Tonguese Families happen to live near one another..they maintain betwixt them a Shaman, which signifies as much as Sorcerer or Priest.

1706 tr. E. Y. Ides Three Years Trav. Moscow to China vii. 29 Several Tunguzians, amongst which is also their famed Schaman or Diabolical artist.

1780 W. Tooke tr. J. G. Georgi Russia III. 245 Among all the Schamanes, women are looked upon as beings vastly inferior to men.

1848 S. W. Williams Middle Kingdom II. xviii. 258 The ritual of the Shamans..has been translated by Neumann, a German sinologue.

1868 F. Whymper Trav. Alaska 255 The Schaman, pronounced exactly like our word showman.

1900 T. Adney in Harper's Mag. Mar. 495 A former chief and medicine-doctor, or shuman.

1907 C. Hill-Tout Brit. N. Amer., Far West x. 199 If the corpse was that of a woman it was prepared for interment by a female shaman.

1910 A. C. Haddon Races of Man 62 After a death they [the Veddas of Ceylon] perform certain dances and rites through a shaman to the recently departed spirit.

1920 R. H. Lowie Primitive Society (1921) xii. 328 It was indeed through the shaman, who revealed the will of the spirits, that the chief was chosen.

1925 G. Róheim Austral. Totemism vii. 350 This rite..is based on the scheme of death and rebirth and..the vocation of a shaman is often chosen at puberty.

1938 in F. Boas Gen. Anthropol. ix. 469 Because the North Californian woman happens to be a shaman does not mean that she treats her family and friends differently.

1952 A. Koestler Arrow in Blue xiii. 106 Vladimir Jabotinsky..became the first political shaman in my life.

1964 W. R. Trask tr. M. Eliade Shamanism i. 4 The shaman is also a magician and medicine man... But beyond this, he is a psycho~pomp, and he may also be priest, mystic, and poet.

1964 W. R. Trask tr. M. Eliade Shamanism i. 4 Through this whole region in which the ecstatic experience is considered the religious experience par excellence, the shaman, and he alone, is the great master of ecstasy.

1971 I. M. Lewis Ecstatic Relig. ii. 56 We are perfectly justified in applying the term shaman to mean..a ‘master of spirits’.

1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 Nov. 1453/3 The Maori shaman clasps in his arms the tree on which his people rely for food, clothing, shelter and transport.

1972 P. M. Bartz S. Korea 42/1 Primitive spirit worship (shamanism) was followed by Buddhism... Today, there are said to be 27,000 shamans, 10,000 of them women.

1979 London Rev. Bks. 25 Oct. 1/1 America lacks this type of magician—the shamans there are grander, more worldly, more pretentious.

B. adj. (or attributive)

Of or relating to a shaman or to shamanism.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [adjective] > of or relating to shaman or shamanism

shaman1780

shamanistic1854

shamanizing1949

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > shamanism > [adjective]

shaman1780

shamanistic1854

shamanic1899

1780 W. Tooke Russia III. 243 The Schamane religion is undoubtedly one of the most antient that exists.

1882 H. Lansdell Through Siberia (1883) xxx. 374 The Russian missionaries..find the conversion of the Shaman Buriats tolerably easy.

1901 Contemp. Rev. Jan. 95 The necessary spiritual gifts entitling to the Shaman-office often are bestowed.

Derivatives

ˈshamaness n. a female shaman.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > shamanism > shaman

shaman1698

shamanist1842

shamanka1936

shamanin1955

shamaness1964

1964 W. R. Trask tr. M. Eliade Shamanism vii. 241 A shamaness..resolves to bring back his soul and goes down to the ‘world of the dead’.

1977 D. R. McCann Black Crane p. i These oracles to Chesŏk..were recited by a mudang, or shamaness.

† shaˈmanian n. Obsolete = shamanist n. at shamanism n. Derivatives.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > shamanism > [noun] > person

shaman1780

shamanian1802

shamanist1842

shamanite1871

1802 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr.: Russ. Empire II. ii. 47 The Schamanians even believe that the Burchans, or gods themselves, arose from the general mass of matter and spirit.

shaˈmanic adj. akin to shamanism; (also) of or connected with a shaman.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > shamanism > [adjective]

shaman1780

shamanistic1854

shamanic1899

1899 Athenæum 11 Mar. 303/2 The mental attitude of the composers is shamanic and archaic.

1964 Listener 29 Oct. 677/2 The initiation dreams, the general schema of shamanic flight..are not a shaman monopoly.

ˈshamanin n. = shamaness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > shamanism > shaman

shaman1698

shamanist1842

shamanka1936

shamanin1955

shamaness1964

1955 H. V. Elwin Relig. Indian Tribe v. 146 A shamanin who has done the wrong things is regarded rather as a nun who has broken her vows.

ˈshamanka n. = shamaness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > shamanism > shaman

shaman1698

shamanist1842

shamanka1936

shamanin1955

shamaness1964

1936 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 66 80 The term shamanka is used by travellers and anthropologists for all female shamans. This usage is unscientific and misleading... For the sake of convenience, however, I shall follow current usage.

1968 N. K. Sandars Prehist. Art of Europe i. 26 In Siberia there were also women who were shamankas.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	shaman
释义	shamann.adj. Brit. /ˈʃɑːmən/, /ˈʃamən/, /ˈʃeɪmən/, U.S. /ˈʃɑmən/, /ˈʃeɪmən/ Forms: Also 1700s schamane, 1700s–1800s schaman, 1800s shuman. Formerly usually with capital initial. Etymology: < German schamane, Russian šaman, < Tungusian samân (Castren Tung. Sprachl.). Compare French chaman. The Persian shemen, idol, idol temple, sometimes cited as the source, is unconnected. Evidence seems to be wanting for the plausible suggestion that the Mongolian word is an adoption of Chinese sha mên, an ordained member of a Buddhist fraternity, < Sanskrit çramaṇa, Pali samana Buddhist monk or mendicant. A. n. A priest or priest-doctor among various northern peoples of Asia. Hence applied by extension to similar personages in other parts, esp. a medicine-man of some of the north-western American Indians. Occasionally in wider sense: an adherent of shamanism. Also more recently, with recognition of the widespread similarity of primitive beliefs, the term denotes esp. a man or woman who is regarded as having direct access to, and influence in, the spirit world which is usually manifested during a trance and empowers them to guide souls, cure illnesses, etc. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > shamanism > shaman shaman1698 shamanist1842 shamanka1936 shamanin1955 shamaness1964 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > Asian shaman1698 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > heathen (general) priestc1275 flamenc1400 fire-kindler1563 clergyman1609 fetisheer1613 divinea1616 churchman1632 shaman1698 Baal-priest1834 santero1950 society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > shamanism > [noun] > person shaman1780 shamanian1802 shamanist1842 shamanite1871 1698 tr. A. Brand Jrnl. Embassy from Muscovy 50 If five or six of these Tonguese Families happen to live near one another..they maintain betwixt them a Shaman, which signifies as much as Sorcerer or Priest. 1706 tr. E. Y. Ides Three Years Trav. Moscow to China vii. 29 Several Tunguzians, amongst which is also their famed Schaman or Diabolical artist. 1780 W. Tooke tr. J. G. Georgi Russia III. 245 Among all the Schamanes, women are looked upon as beings vastly inferior to men. 1848 S. W. Williams Middle Kingdom II. xviii. 258 The ritual of the Shamans..has been translated by Neumann, a German sinologue. 1868 F. Whymper Trav. Alaska 255 The Schaman, pronounced exactly like our word showman. 1900 T. Adney in Harper's Mag. Mar. 495 A former chief and medicine-doctor, or shuman. 1907 C. Hill-Tout Brit. N. Amer., Far West x. 199 If the corpse was that of a woman it was prepared for interment by a female shaman. 1910 A. C. Haddon Races of Man 62 After a death they [the Veddas of Ceylon] perform certain dances and rites through a shaman to the recently departed spirit. 1920 R. H. Lowie Primitive Society (1921) xii. 328 It was indeed through the shaman, who revealed the will of the spirits, that the chief was chosen. 1925 G. Róheim Austral. Totemism vii. 350 This rite..is based on the scheme of death and rebirth and..the vocation of a shaman is often chosen at puberty. 1938 in F. Boas Gen. Anthropol. ix. 469 Because the North Californian woman happens to be a shaman does not mean that she treats her family and friends differently. 1952 A. Koestler Arrow in Blue xiii. 106 Vladimir Jabotinsky..became the first political shaman in my life. 1964 W. R. Trask tr. M. Eliade Shamanism i. 4 The shaman is also a magician and medicine man... But beyond this, he is a psycho~pomp, and he may also be priest, mystic, and poet. 1964 W. R. Trask tr. M. Eliade Shamanism i. 4 Through this whole region in which the ecstatic experience is considered the religious experience par excellence, the shaman, and he alone, is the great master of ecstasy. 1971 I. M. Lewis Ecstatic Relig. ii. 56 We are perfectly justified in applying the term shaman to mean..a ‘master of spirits’. 1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 Nov. 1453/3 The Maori shaman clasps in his arms the tree on which his people rely for food, clothing, shelter and transport. 1972 P. M. Bartz S. Korea 42/1 Primitive spirit worship (shamanism) was followed by Buddhism... Today, there are said to be 27,000 shamans, 10,000 of them women. 1979 London Rev. Bks. 25 Oct. 1/1 America lacks this type of magician—the shamans there are grander, more worldly, more pretentious. B. adj. (or attributive) Of or relating to a shaman or to shamanism. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [adjective] > of or relating to shaman or shamanism shaman1780 shamanistic1854 shamanizing1949 society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > shamanism > [adjective] shaman1780 shamanistic1854 shamanic1899 1780 W. Tooke Russia III. 243 The Schamane religion is undoubtedly one of the most antient that exists. 1882 H. Lansdell Through Siberia (1883) xxx. 374 The Russian missionaries..find the conversion of the Shaman Buriats tolerably easy. 1901 Contemp. Rev. Jan. 95 The necessary spiritual gifts entitling to the Shaman-office often are bestowed. Derivatives ˈshamaness n. a female shaman. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > shamanism > shaman shaman1698 shamanist1842 shamanka1936 shamanin1955 shamaness1964 1964 W. R. Trask tr. M. Eliade Shamanism vii. 241 A shamaness..resolves to bring back his soul and goes down to the ‘world of the dead’. 1977 D. R. McCann Black Crane p. i These oracles to Chesŏk..were recited by a mudang, or shamaness. † shaˈmanian n. Obsolete = shamanist n. at shamanism n. Derivatives. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > shamanism > [noun] > person shaman1780 shamanian1802 shamanist1842 shamanite1871 1802 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr.: Russ. Empire II. ii. 47 The Schamanians even believe that the Burchans, or gods themselves, arose from the general mass of matter and spirit. shaˈmanic adj. akin to shamanism; (also) of or connected with a shaman. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > other non-Christian sects > shamanism > [adjective] shaman1780 shamanistic1854 shamanic1899 1899 Athenæum 11 Mar. 303/2 The mental attitude of the composers is shamanic and archaic. 1964 Listener 29 Oct. 677/2 The initiation dreams, the general schema of shamanic flight..are not a shaman monopoly. ˈshamanin n. = shamaness n. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > shamanism > shaman shaman1698 shamanist1842 shamanka1936 shamanin1955 shamaness1964 1955 H. V. Elwin Relig. Indian Tribe v. 146 A shamanin who has done the wrong things is regarded rather as a nun who has broken her vows. ˈshamanka n. = shamaness n. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > shamanism > shaman shaman1698 shamanist1842 shamanka1936 shamanin1955 shamaness1964 1936 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 66 80 The term shamanka is used by travellers and anthropologists for all female shamans. This usage is unscientific and misleading... For the sake of convenience, however, I shall follow current usage. 1968 N. K. Sandars Prehist. Art of Europe i. 26 In Siberia there were also women who were shamankas. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1698
随便看	make short boards make short of long makulu baas makulu boss makunouchi makuta makutu makuuchi mal mal de flanc mal de mer mal del pinto mal du pays mal du siècle mal vu mal élevé mal- mal-accident mal-application mal-appointment mal-association mal-behaviour mal-conceited mal-convenance mal-crasis